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Pleurl Effusion Pathophysiology Diagram

Predisposing factors such as genetics, smoking, and pre-existing diseases can cause pleural effusion by damaging the pulmonary system. When the heart or lymphatic system is not functioning properly, fluid builds up in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. Common precipitating factors that can lead to pleural effusion include conditions like cirrhosis, heart failure, and malignancy. Pleural effusions are diagnosed through chest imaging and fluid analysis, and are usually treated through drainage procedures and medication to prevent further fluid buildup.

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6K views

Pleurl Effusion Pathophysiology Diagram

Predisposing factors such as genetics, smoking, and pre-existing diseases can cause pleural effusion by damaging the pulmonary system. When the heart or lymphatic system is not functioning properly, fluid builds up in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. Common precipitating factors that can lead to pleural effusion include conditions like cirrhosis, heart failure, and malignancy. Pleural effusions are diagnosed through chest imaging and fluid analysis, and are usually treated through drainage procedures and medication to prevent further fluid buildup.

Uploaded by

AkiraMamo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRECIPITATING FACTORS PREDISPOSING FACTORS

PLEURAL EFFUSION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY


 Smoking
 Alcohol abuse Genetics

Pre-existing diseases

Cirrhosis Heart Failure Trauma


Nephritic Malignancy
syndrome Inflammatory Conditions
Thoracic duct
Heart cannot (Lupus)
surgical damage
pump blood out Infection (Pneumonia)
Decreased protein Mediastinum
to the body tumor
or inability of
proteins to move
Inflammation of
across capillaries Blood backs up
Thoracic duct is pulmonary capillaries
into pulmonary
disrupted
vessels
Osmosis, fluid
Pulmonary capillaries
moves from low to
become perforated
high solute Blood pressure in Lymphatic vessels
concentration these vessels rises cannot drain
pleural fluid Pulmonary capillaries
Fluid flows out become perforated
High BP forces fluid
capillaries and leak
out to capillaries and Fluid accumulates
into pleural space
into pleural space Pulmonary capillaries
in the pleural
space become perforated
Decreased Oncotic Increased Hydrostatic
pressure pressure Cells and large proteins
Lymphatic Pleural Effusion leak out of capillaries

Transudative Pleural Effusion


(Too much fluid leaving the capillaries Exudative Pleural Effusion
and leaks into pleural space)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

LARGE PLEURAL PERFUSION


Pleurisy (pain during
SMALL PLEURAL PERFUSION inhalation)
Shortness of breath
May go unnotice
Worse when lying flat
(orthopnea)

DIAGNOSIS
 Chest X-ray- shows pleural effusion
 Chest CT Scan shows pleural effusion
 Ultrasound-shows pleural effusion
 Thoracentesis- diagnose cause
 Pleural biopsy- diagnose the cause
 Pleural Fluid Analysis – diagnose the cause

TREATMENT
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Thoracentesis- remove fluid, and relieve
dyspnea
Chest Tube and Water Seal- for drainage
PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
and lung re expansion
 Penicillin
Chemical Pleurodesis- To promote
 Tetracycline
adhesion formation when drugs are
 Clindamycin
instilled into the pleural space
 Erythromycin
Surgical Pleurorectomy- Excision of the
pleura

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