Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
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Materials Today: Proceedings
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A review on effect of heat treatment on the properties of mild steel
Gurmeet Singh
Mechatronics Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: In this present work, this paper discusses the effect of heat treatment on the tensile properties of
Received 12 July 2020 Annealed Mild steel. The various heat treatments like find out the effect of annealing and normalizing
Accepted 30 July 2020 on material properties through testing on using Torsion Testing Machine. By heat treating the steel of
Available online xxxx
material properties like ductility, toughness, hardness, tensile strength can be easily changed. These will
be better result shows for improving material properties of mild steel.
Keywords: Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Annealing
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
Heat treatment
Hardness
ence on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering: Materials Science.
Toughness
Tensile strength
1. Introduction Experimental studies of the mechanical properties of samples
and those samples were applied on various heat treatment
In this modern era high Mechanical properties can easily have processes.
achieved by heat treatment processes. There are different types C. Study of microstructure each type of heat treatment.
of heat treatment processes out of which Annealing and Normaliz-
ing are the most important method for improving Microstructure
of the engineering Material such as steel. And the Normalizing pro- 3. Literature review
cess the material is heated to Austenitic temperature range and
then air cooling is done. In hardening process, the steel is heated Gabriela Nicoleta [2] Investigated the studied about CA-15 steel
to such a temperature that it can support the formation Austenite in concurrence of opinion with the ASTM 217 standard is one of the
and it is held in temperature up to carbon has dissolved or martensitic steels that meets the requirements of standard with
quenched in water or oil steel is an alloy of iron which has carbon the use of the wellhead equipment under aggressive conditions.
range varies from 0.15 1.5% and the plain carbon steel containing The results allows the selection of the better heat-treatment
from 0.1 to 0.25 %. parameters that offering the better combination between the yield,
In this current paper we discuss heat treatment practices fol- tensile strength, elongation, impact strength at low temperature,
lowed in the industry for hot work tool steels and their effect on hardness and a crystalline refinement of the sorbite, in order to
toughness and hardness. This paper presents theoretical and obtain a better behavior of the material under corrosive-
experimental research regarding the effect of the heat treatment environment conditions.
on the Mechanical properties of the mild steel. S.K. Akay, M. Yazici, [3] studied research paper on effect of heat
treatment processes on mechanical property of low grade steel. In
this work that new classes of the HSLA (high-strength low alloy
steels) known as DPS (dual phase steels) are produced to improve
2. Research methodology the better safety standards and fuel economy. Dual phase of steel
microstructures can be produced by annealing steel and the equi-
The Research Regarding the heat treatment effect on the librium phase diagram. The steel microstructures has a ferrite
Mechanical properties in to the different fields of research [1]. matrix along with particle of marten site. The physical properties
Theoretical study of the material regarding the parameter val- are depending upon the morphology of two phases. It can be
ues of heat treatment processes applied to the mildsteel. observed by changing the annealing temperature with time the
annealing procedure quenching medium and alloying element. In
E-mail address:
[email protected] this the author has investigated about the heat treatment followed
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.702
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering:
Materials Science.
Please cite this article as: G. Singh, A review on effect of heat treatment on the properties of mild steel, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.702
2 G. Singh / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Table 1
Torsion Strength of Mild Steel Without Heat
Treatment.
Torsion (KNm) Angle (In Degrees)
0 0
0.0411 180
0.0524 360
0.0589 540
0.0630 720
0.0644 800
Fig. 4. Graph between degrees and torsion for mild steel with heat treatment
(Annealing).
Table 2
Torsion Strength of Mild Steel
With Heat Treatment
(Normalising).
Fig. 1. Microstructure of Mild Steel (Without Heat Treatment).
Torsion Degrees
0 KNM 0
0.0653KNM 360
0.0789KNM 720
0.0859KNM 1080
0.0907KNM 1440
0.0943KNM 1800
0.0970KNM 2160
0.0994KNM 2520
0.1013KNM 2880
0.1028KNM 3240
0.1051KNM 3560
Table 3
Torsion Strength of Mild Steel With Heat
Treatment (Annealing).
Fig. 2. Graph between degrees and torsion for mild steel with heat treatment
(Normalizing). Torsion (KNm) Angle (In Degrees)
0 KNM 0
0.0522KNM 360
0.0655KNM 720
0.0721KNM 1080
0.0769KNM 1440
0.0803KNM 1800
0.0825KNM 2160
0.0852KNM 2520
0.0864KNM 2880
0.0877KNM 3240
0.0890KNM 3600
0.0904KNM 3960
0.0928KNM 4130
B.S. Motagi [4], experimentally investigated on a research paper
on effect of heat treatment processes on mechanical property of
medium carbon steel. Steel specimen had allowed to heat treat-
ment processes sequentially as: Annealing, oil quenching, and tem-
Fig. 3. Microstructure of Mild Steel With Heat Treatment (Normalizing).
pering at different temperature as 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C for
near around 1hr. Now steel specimens were mechanically testing
as tensile strength, ductility and hardness. So, the mechanical test-
by quenching on the physical properties of Fe 0.055% C steels. The ing was performed at room temperature and result is that: on
experimental procedure was the specimen used in this is 2.5 mm increasing the temperature of tempering, the hardness of the steel
thick and the chemical composition is determined and then nor- is decreasing. And then increasing the tempering temperature, the
malized at 910 °C and hold for 45 min and then therefore, air cool- ultimate tensile strength of both the grades i.e. with copper and
ing is done. without copper. Therefore steel with copper has high ultimate
strength as compared to without copper. Also, on increasing the
Please cite this article as: G. Singh, A review on effect of heat treatment on the properties of mild steel, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.702
G. Singh / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 3
The microstructure analysis shows that rate of grain nucleation
and recrystallization is increasing with the degree of cold-drawn
deformation [6–8]. The Grain growth was observed at higher
degree of deformation which is leading into reduction in the
mechanical properties of the material. It is clear to the resulting
mechanical properties of the nails and the microstructure analysis
and the desired properties of the nails could be achevied by con-
trolling the microstructure evolution of the mild steel in annealing
[9,10] (Fig. 5).
6. Conclusions
Fig. 5. Microstructure of Mild Steel With Heat Treatment (Annealing). In this present study, the effect of heat treatment on the tensile
properties annealed mild steel was examined. It was found that the
rate at which the steel is cooled to room temperature during the
temperature of tempering, the ductility of the steel is increased.
full anneals has a large effect on both the microstructure and
But steel with copper has low ductility as compared to without
room-temperature tensile properties. On increasing the tempering
copper.
temperature the ductility of steel grade is increasing. This means
Devnath khunte [5] experimentally studied about the mechan-
the dual phase of mild steel can be significantly enhanced by a
ical properties like Tensile strength, yield stress and elongation at
proper heat treatment process. Based on these results are going
different steels such as low carbon steel and the stainless steel
to improve the strength at high temperature.
on various heat treatment to find out the effect of annealing,
quenching and normalizing on the material properties through
Declaration of Competing Interest
testing on using Universal Testing Machine UTM. The Effect of var-
ious types of heat treatment on the fracture toughness and hard-
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
ness is analyzed. Optimum heat treatment strategy for
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
commercial steel appears to be tempering in the 900 °C tempera-
to influence the work reported in this paper.
ture range, to get the better mixture of high toughness and high
hardness. Then the heat treated samples are used for testing of dif-
References
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[4] B.S. Motagi, Changing due to heat treating on microstructure and mechanical
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[5] Devnath Khunte, Heat treating on the mechanical properties of medium
Torsional testing machine is designed and twist a various metal carbon steel and materials characterization, 2010.
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Machinability investigations of Inconel-800 super alloy under sustainable
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ple. After this process we performed the test on the torsional Further Reading
testing machine has designed for conducting torsion and twisting
moment (Figs. 2–4; Tables 2 and 3). [1] V.B. John, Introduction to material science, second ed., 1980, pp. 321–324.
Please cite this article as: G. Singh, A review on effect of heat treatment on the properties of mild steel, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.702
