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Cooling Tower Gyanendra Sharma NPTI Delhi

Cooling towers use evaporation to remove heat from hot water and discharge it into the atmosphere. They consist of frames, fill materials, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans. Cooling towers are classified based on their materials, draft types, and airflow configurations. The rate of cooling depends on factors like air temperature and humidity, water inlet temperature, tower size and design, and atmospheric conditions.

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138 views20 pages

Cooling Tower Gyanendra Sharma NPTI Delhi

Cooling towers use evaporation to remove heat from hot water and discharge it into the atmosphere. They consist of frames, fill materials, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans. Cooling towers are classified based on their materials, draft types, and airflow configurations. The rate of cooling depends on factors like air temperature and humidity, water inlet temperature, tower size and design, and atmospheric conditions.

Uploaded by

NPTI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cooling Towers

1 03/27/2021 Gyanendra Sharma - NPTI Delhi


CONTENT
 DEFINITION & PRINCIPLE
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 COMPONENT OF COOLING TOWER
 CLASSIFICATION OF COOLING TOWER
 BASIC DIAGRAM
 FACTOR AFFECTING THE COOLING OF WATER
IN A COOLING TOWER
 FACTOR AFFECTING THE RATE OF HEAT
DISSIPATION FROM COLLING POND

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DEFINITION & PRINCIPLE
COOLING TOWERS ARE USED TO TROUGH AWAY THE HEAT OF HOT WATER
EXTRCTED FROM EXHAUST OF TURBINE TO ATMOSPHERE

PRINCIPLE
COOLOING TOWERS ARE BASED UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF EVAPOURATION
AS SURFACE AREA OF FLUID INCREASES HEAT REJECTION RATE ALSO
INCREASES ENHENCE COOLING

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF COLLING
TOWER

PLANT HEAT EXCHANGER


COOLING
TOWER AIR
AIR
MAKE UP
WATER
COLD SOURCE
WATER MAKE
UP
PUMP

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COMPONENTS OF COOLING TOWER

 Frame and casing


 Fill
 Cold water basin
 Drift eliminators
 Air inlet
 Louvers
 Nozzles
 Fans

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Frame and casing

Most towers have structural frames that


support the exterior enclosures (casings),
motors, fans, and other components. With
some smaller designs, such as some glass
fiber units, the casing may essentially be the
frame.

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Fill
 Most towers employ fills (made of plastic or wood) to facilitate
heat transfer by maximising water and air contact. Fill can
either be splash or film type.
 With splash fill, water falls over successive layers of horizontal
splash bars, continuously breaking into smaller droplets, while
also wetting the fill surface. Plastic splash fill promotes better
heat transfer than the wood splash fill.
 Film fill consists of thin, closely spaced plastic surfaces over
which the water spreads, forming a thin film in contact with the
air. These surfaces may be flat, corrugated, honeycombed, or
other patterns. The film type of fill is the more efficient and
provides same heat transfer in a smaller volume than the
splash fill

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Cold water basin

The cold water basin, located at or near the


bottom of the tower, receives the cooled
water that flows down through the tower and
fill. The basin usually has a sump or low point
for the cold water discharge connection. In
many tower designs, the cold water basin is
beneath the entire fill.

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Drift eliminators

These capture water droplets entrapped in


the air stream that otherwise would be lost to
the atmosphere

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Air inlet

This is the point of entry for the air entering a


tower. The inlet may take up an entire side of
a tower—cross flow design— or be located
low on the side or the bottom of counter flow
designs.

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Louvers

Generally, cross-flow towers have inlet


louvers. The purpose of louvers is to equalize
air flow into the fill and retain the water within
the tower. Many counter flow tower designs
do not require louvers.

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Nozzles

These provide the water sprays to wet the fill.


Uniform water distribution at the top of the fill
is essential to achieve proper wetting of the
entire fill surface. Nozzles can either be fixed
in place and have either round or square
spray patterns or can be part of a rotating
assembly as found in some circular cross-
section towers

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Fans

 : Both axial (propeller type) and centrifugal


fans are used in towers. Generally, propeller
fans are used in induced draft towers and
both propeller and centrifugal fans are found
in forced draft towers.

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CLASSIFICATION
 ON THE BASIS OF MATERIAL USED
(A) TIMBER
(B) CONCREATE
(C) METALLIC OR STEEL DUCT
CONT……

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ON THE BASIS OF DRAFT

(A) ATMOSPHERIC DRAFT


(B) NATURAL DRAFT
(C) MECHANICAL DRAFT
1. INDUCED DRAFT
2. FORCED DRAFT

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FACTOR AFFECTING THE COOLING OF
WATER IN A COOLING TOWER

 TEMPERATURE OF AIR
 HUMIDITY OF AIR
 TEMPERATURE OF HOT WATER
 SIZE & HEIGHT OF TOWER
 VELOCITY OF AIR ENTERING THE TOWER
 ACCESSIBIITY OF AIR TO ALL PART OF COOLING
TOWER
 DEGREE OF UNIFORMITY IN DESCENDING
WATER

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FACTOR AFFECTING THE RATE OF HEAT
DISSIPATION FROM COLLING POND

 INITIAL TEMP. OF WATER ENTERING THE


POND
 ATMOSPHERIC TEMP.
 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
 WIND VELOCITY
 EARTH TEMP. AND ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
 AREA AND DEPTH OF POND

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