g

Sam Pitroda, Chairman, National Innovation Council on what is being done

to change mind sets and drive innovation in the country
Preeti Mehra businesses. To instil innova-
tion and get
g people
p p to think
Set upp a year
y ago,g , thee National laterally,
y, its focus will be
Innovation Council headed schools and universities,, in-
by Sam Pitroda sees itself as stitutions where ideallyy such
the “cheer leader” to change a climate needs to be honed.
mindsets and build a climate “We have managed to con-
of innovation in the country. vince Kapil Sibal, who will
Speaking to The Hindu, Mr soon be announcingg 1000
Pitroda said that he expects scholarshipsp in schools for
the multi-pronged approach students who think innova-
to bring originality in the ef- tively.
forts to serve those at the bot- For post-school level, 20
tom of the pyramid to bear new design schools are
fruit in a few years. “Our aim mapped in the 12th Plan. “We
is to encourage ideas and pro- need innovation in every as-
jects that are affordable, scal- pect, especially agriculture,
able and sustainable to meet says Mr Pitroda.
the demands of the country’s He has also proposed
p p what
large population.” is called the ‘Meta Universi-
ty’,
y , where students can
Eco system needed choose courses from different
In the last six months, the universities. It
I is essentially a
Council has been trying to set collaborative platform where
up similar bodies at the state a network of universities will
level – State Innovation offer a customised learning
Councils – as well ass Cluster Agartala, for instance, will NIC also organises
g large
g scale which will bring it on par with experience
p to students. The
Innovation Centre
Centres and Sec- draw upon the expertise of trainingg of people
p p in the spe- p China’s.” Meta Universityy will use the
Councils to
toral Innovation Council the Council of Scientific and cific skill and helps set up
p an On the funding front too National Knowledge g Net-
take forward its mandate. Industrial Research (CSIR)
( ) incubator for innovative NIC is trying to help people work where a large g number of
“Good ideas don’t get fund- and improve
p linkages
g be- products and projects.
projec “We who have ideas that need to Central and State universities
ing, that is why we need to tween universities and Re- (Indians) are not good
g collab- go to market and would help and higher education institu-
create an eco system in vari- search & Development labs. orators… and collaboration is serve the country’sy masses. It tions will be connected
ous places and identify the Eight cluster prototypes have very good for innovation,” has announced an India In- through
g a high g speed
p fibre
drivers for innovation,” he already been put in place, in- says Mr Pitroda, explaining clusive Innovation Fund to be based broad band network,, to
said. While the states have cluding one in Surat for dia- why such an approach has operational
p byy June or July.y provide
p education to those at
been asked to explore their monds, in Moradabad for been adopted and how it To be capitalised
p to a target
g the bottom of the pyramid.
“core competencies” to inno- brass, in Ahmedabad for would help us be more com- size of Rs 5000 crore in phas- Though NIC’s host of mea-
vate to serve the public,
p , the pharmaceuticals and in the petitive in the market. es, the Government has al- sures to inject
j innovation will
35 sectoral councils that have South for food processing. ready announced an initial take a longg time to seep into
been identified include tex- How do these clusters Jobs at stake contribution of Rs 100 crore. the country’s fabric, Mr Pi-
tiles, bamboo and leather. Be- work?? NIC gets
g small unorga- g He gives the example of The fund will be structured in troda is optimistic on its im-
sides these,, the cluster nised businesses in the par-
p bamboo and how China a wayy that ensures the pro-p pact.
centres are meant to act as ticular business to come scores over India in quality jects
j will operate
p as business He says,
y , “In 5 to 10 years
y
hubs for connectingg regional
g together
g to set upp an associ- because their bamboo is of models that serve the bottom you
y will find a change g in our
and national players
p y alongg ation. As a group,
g p, the associ- the straight variety, while of the pyramid,
py , while at the processes.
p People
p will start to
with stakeholders to create ation is then the interface ours is not. “The challenge is same time are economicallyy think out of the box… there is
viable business models that with the government,
g , univer- to straighten our bamboo. We viable and profitable for the political will on innovation…
will bring income as well as sities and other research or- have 300,000 jobs at stake. enterprise.
enterpris the problem is that everyone
services to the marginalised. ganisations,
g , takingg forward CSIR is now working on However, NIC’s agenda wants quick fixes, but nation
The bamboo cluster in their interests in the sector. straightening our bamboo, does not end with sectors and building takes time…”
Realising that innovation is the engine for the growth of prosperity and national competitiveness
in the 21st century, the President of India has declared 2010 as the ‘Decade of Innovation’. To
take this agenda forward, the Office of Adviser to the PM on Public Information Infrastructure
and Innovations (PIII) is working on developing a national strategy on innovation with a focus
on an Indian model of inclusive growth. The idea is to create an indigenous model of
development suited to Indian needs and challenges.

Towards this end, the Prime Minister has approved the setting up of a National Innovation
Council (NInC) under the Chairmanship of Mr. Sam Pitroda, Adviser to the PM on PIII to
discuss, analyse and help implement strategies for inclusive innovation in India and prepare a
Roadmap for Innovation 2010-2020. NIC would be the first step in creating a crosscutting
system which will provide mutually reinforcing policies, recommendations and methodologies to
implement and boost innovation performance in the country.
Term Of Reference
The tasks of the National Innovation Council include:
(1) Formulating a Roadmap for Innovation for 2010-2020
(2) Creating a framework for
• Evolving an Indian model of innovation, with focus on inclusive growth
• Delineating policy initiatives within the Government, required to spur innovation
• Developing and championing innovation attitudes and approaches
• Creating appropriate eco-systems and environment to foster inclusive innovation
• Exploring new strategies and alternatives for innovations and collaborations
• Identifying ways and means to scale and sustain innovations
• Encouraging Central and State Governments to innovate
• Encouraging universities and R&D institutions to innovate
• Facilitating innovations by SMEs
• Encouraging all important sectors of the economy to innovate
• Encouraging innovation in public service delivery
• Encouraging multi-disciplinary and globally competitive approaches for innovations
An agricultural produce market committee is a marketing board established by state governments of
India. Most of the APMC have market where traders and other marketing agents are provided
stalls and shops for purchase of agriculture produce from farmers. Farmers can sell their produce
to agents or traders under supervision of APMC.
Farmers cannot sell produce outside the APMC mechanism. This makes them vulnerable to
traders' and marketing agents' price manipulations. The Government of India is considering
improving the ecosystem to benefit all parties involved.
Agricultural Markets in most parts of the Country are established and regulated under the State
APMC Acts. The whole geographical area in the State is divided and declared as a market area
wherein the markets are managed by the Market Committees constituted by the State
Governments. Once a particular area is declared a market area and falls under the jurisdiction of
a Market Committee, no person or agency is allowed freely to carry on wholesale marketing
activities. The monopoly of Government regulated wholesale markets has prevented
development of a competitive marketing system in the country, providing no help to farmers in
direct marketing, organizing retailing, a smooth raw material supply to agro-processing
industries and adoption of innovative marketing system and technologies.

An efficient agricultural marketing is essential for the development of the agriculture sector as it
provides outlets and incentives for increased production, the marketing system contribute greatly
to the commercialization of subsistence farmers. Worldwide Governments have recognized the
importance of liberalized agriculture markets. Task Force on Agricultural Marketing Reforms set
up by the Ministry has suggested promotion of new and competitive Agricultural Market in
private and cooperative sectors to encourage direct marketing and contract farming programmes,
facilitate industries and large trading companies to undertake procurement of agricultural
commodities directly from the farmer’s fields and to establish effective linkages between the
farm production and retail chains. There is a necessity to integrate farm production with national
and international markets to enable farmers to undertake market driven production plan and
adoption of modern marketing practices.

If agricultural markets are to be developed in private and cooperative sectors and to be provided
a level competitive environment vis-à-vis regulated markets, the existing framework of State
APMC Acts will have to undergo a change. The State has to facilitate varying models of
ownership of markets to accelerate investment in the area and enable private investment in
owning, establishing and operating markets. Working of existing Government regulated markets
also need to be professionalized by promoting public private partnership in their management.
Appropriate legal framework is also required to promote direct marketing and contract farming
arrangements as alternative marketing mechanism. Therefore, there is a need to formulate a new
model law for agricultural market.
The Automotive Research Association of India ( ARAI ) has been playing a
crucial role in assuring safe, less polluting and more efficient vehicles.
ARAI provides technical expertise in R & D, testing, certification,
homologation and framing of vehicle regulations.

ARAI is a co-operative industrial research association established by the

automotive industry with the Ministry of Industries, Government of India.
It works in harmony and complete confidence with its members,
customers and the Government of India to offer the finest services, which
earned for itself ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 and NABL
accreditations.

ARAI is well-equipped with state-of-the-art infra-structural facilities and

highly qualified manpower.

Vision
ARAI has a strong base of state-of-the-art technology equipments, laboratory facilities and highly
qualified and experienced personnel. With these assets, ARAI has goals, strategies and action plans to
achieve fullest customer satisfaction. These are

to compete in service to cover

with excellence global market
to obtain recognition and to build commitment
accreditation of all personnel
to develop team spirit and sense of
belonging amongst all.

Mission

ARAI has been providing various services to

the Indian Automotive Industry in the areas of
design & development and know-how for
manufacture & testing of components /
system to national / international standards.
ARAI shall strive to achieve international
recognition in these areas.
ARAI shall seek the valuable guidance and support
from association members, from time to time to
achieve growth and stability.
With the globalization of economy and business,
ARAI shall enlarge its scope of services to meet the
requirements of automotive industries anywhere in
the world.
ARAI strongly believes that satisfaction of the
customer needs on continuing basis is of prime
importance to earn the loyalty of the customers.
Therefore, emphasis shall be on meeting and
exceeding the customer needs through continuing
quality improvement with active participation of
employees and also the customer.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an agency of the Government of India, under the Ministry of
Power created in March 2002 under the provisions of the nation's 2001 Energy Conservation Act. The
agency's function is to develop programs which will increase the conservation and efficient use of energy
in India.[1] The government has proposed to make it mandatory for all appliances in India to have ratings
by the BEE starting in January 2010.[2] The mission of Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to "institutionalize"
energy efficiency services, enable delivery mechanisms in the country and provide leadership to energy
efficiency in all sectors of the country. The primary objective would be to reduce energy intensity in the
economy.
The broad objectives of BEE are as under: To exert leadership and provide policy recommendation and
direction to national energy conservation and efficiency efforts and programs. To coordinate energy
efficiency and conservation policies and programs and take it to the stakeholders To establish systems
and procedures to measure, monitor and verify energy efficiency results in individual sectors as well as at
a macro level. To leverage multi-lateral and bi-lateral and private sector support in implementation of
Energy Conservation Act and efficient use of energy and its conservation programs. To demonstrate
delivery of energy efficiency services as mandated in the EC bill through private-public partnerships. To
interpret, plan and manage energy conservation programs as envisaged in the Energy Conservation Act.
Objectives Provide a policy recommendation and direction to national energy conservation activities
Coordinate policies and programmes on efficient use of energy with shareholders Establish systems and
procedures to verify, measure and monitor Energy Efficiency (EE) improvements Leverage multilateral,
bilateral and private sector support to implement the EC Act 2001 Demonstrate EE delivery systems
through public-private partnerships

[edit]See also
Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) in India

The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) was first established in 1920 and dissolved in
1923 as a measure of economy.

Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) in India

• It was revived in 1935 and had continued to exist till 1994. The pivotal role played by the
CABE was recognized by the modified National Policy on Education (1992).
• Hence it has been reconstituted by the Govt. in July 2004 and the first meeting was held on 10
and 11 August, 2004 accordingly 2 CABE committees were set up in September 2004.
• This board consists of nominated members representing various interests in addition to
elected members form Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
• Its main function is to advise Central and State Govt. in the field of education.
• Govt. of India has constituted “Bharat Shiksha Kosh” in order to facilitate donations from
India and abroad for implementing Projects/ Programmes connected with the education sector.
This was lauched officially on 9th January 2003 during the celebration of Pravasi Bharatiya
Diwas.
• The Parliament has passed the 86th Amendment Act, 2002 to make elementary education a
fundamental right for children in the age group of 6-14 years by inserting a new Article 21A.
Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) in India

Autonomous Research Organization

• Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS)- Shimla (1965).

• Indian council of Historical Research (ICHR) - N. Delhi (1972).
• Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR)- New Delhi, Lucknow (1977).
• National Council of Rural Institute (NCRI)- 1955.
• Indian Council of Social Science Research – New Delhi
Formal recognition of the role of voluntary organisations in the Seventh Plan documentled to
the formation of the Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology
(CAPART) in 1986, as a nodal agency for catalysing and coordinating the emerging
partnership between voluntary organisations and the Government for sustainable
development of rural areas.
CAPART was formed by amalgamating two agencies the 'Council for Advancementof Rural
Technology' (CART) and People's Action for Development India (PADI). CAPART is an
autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860,and is functioning under
the aegis of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. Today, this agency is a
major promoter of rural development in India, assisting over 12,000 voluntary organizations
across the country in implementing a wide range of development initiatives.
The objects for which the Society is set up are:
(i) to acquire the activities, programme and assets of two Societies namely People�s
Action for Development (India) [Registration No.4433] and, Council for Advancement of Rural
Technology [Registration No.12945] and all or any of the belonging, funds, rights, privileges,
obligations and contracts of the said two Societies which as on the date of registration of this
Society shall be deemed to have been amalgamated and merged into this society;
(ii) to encourage, promote and assist voluntary action in the implementation of projects
for the enhancement of rural prosperity;
(iii) to strength and promote voluntary efforts in rural development with focus on
injecting new technological inputs in this behalf;
(iv) to act as the national nodal point for coordination of all efforts at generation and
dissemination of technologies relevant to rural development in its wider sense;
(v) to act as a catalyst for development of technology appropriate for the rural areas, by
identifying and funding research and development efforts and pilot projects by different agencies
and institutions particularly voluntary organizations;
(vi) to act as a conduit for transfer of appropriate technology to Government
Departments, public sector undertaking, cooperative societies, voluntary agencies and members
of public to encourage adoption of modern techniques and appropriate technology in rural
development;
(vii) to act as a clearing house of information and data bank;
(viii) to disseminate knowledge on rural technology to manufacturers of machinery tools,
equipment and spare parts so that large scale production of technically improved machinery etc.
is carried out in the private cooperative and public sectors;
(ix) to promote aid, guide, organize, plan undertake, develop, maintain and coordinate
projects / schemes aimed at all round development, creation of employment opportunities,
promotion of self-reliance, generation of awareness, organization and improvement in the quality
of the life of the people in rural areas in general and of the economically and socially
handicapped as also those who are physically, orthopedically and visually handicapped and
mentally retarded in particular (as amended of Article 3(ix) of Memorandum of Association and
Rules of CAPART regarding Priority treatment of physically, orthopedically and visually
handicapped persons alongwith SC/ST and freed Bonded Lavourers approved by the General
Body in its meeting held on 07.07.1995).
(x) to assist and promote programmes aimed at conservation of the environment and
natural resources;
(xi) to strengthen existing institutions of research and develop or set up institutions, so
that national level institutions on matter of purely or largely rural interest are built up;
(xii) to collaborate with other institutions, associations and societies in India or abroad
including concerned international agencies � constituents of the U.N. system interest in similar
objects;
(xiii) to conduct or sponsor training programmes, conferences, lectures and seminars on
rural development activities of particular interest to women, with an accent on improved
technologies appropriate to their role in rural development.
(xiv) to conduct or sponsor training programmes for trainers, particularly in the voluntary
sectors, so that improved technology is disseminated to participants in development in the rural
areas;
(xv) to conduct or sponsor training programmes / seminars, workshops and meetings to
promote interaction between government agencies and voluntary agencies working in the field of
rural development and technology;
(xvi) to carry out research studies, survey, evaluation and the like on the use of appropriate
technology and to offer fellowships, scholarships and prizes in furtherance of the objects of the
society;
(xvii) to prepare, print and publish paper, periodical-monographs and books in furtherance of
the objects of the society; and
(xviii) to do all other such things as the society may consider necessary, incidental or
conducive the attainment of its objectives;
(xix) to create awareness amongst rural people and provide a series of escort services to
them through the NGOs on matters relating to Intellectual Property Right (IPR) issues in the
context of WTO and assist them by protecting rights and all matters connected therewith.
 About Us
Competition is the best means of ensuring that the ‘Common Man’ or ‘Aam Aadmi’ has access to the broadest range
of goods and services at the most competitive prices. With increased competition, producers will have maximum
incentive to innovate and specialize. This would result in reduced costs and wider choice to consumers. A fair
competition in market is essential to achieve this objective. Our goal is to create and sustain fair competition in the
economy that will provide a ‘level playing field’ to the producers and make the markets work for the welfare of the
consumers.
The Competition Act
The Competition Act, 2002, as amended by the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2007, follows the philosophy of
modern competition laws. The Act prohibits anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position by enterprises
and regulates combinations (acquisition, acquiring of control and M&A), which causes or likely to cause an
appreciable adverse effect on competition within India.
Competition Commission of India
The objectives of the Act are sought to be achieved through the Competition Commission of India (CCI), which has
been established by the Central Government with effect from 14th October 2003. CCI consists of a Chairperson and
6 Members appointed by the Central Government.
It is the duty of the Commission to eliminate practices having adverse effect on competition, promote and sustain
competition, protect the interests of consumers and ensure freedom of trade in the markets of India.
The Commission is also required to give opinion on competition issues on a reference received from a statutory
authority established under any law and to undertake competition advocacy, create public awareness and impart
training on competition issues.
To achieve its objectives, the Competition Commission of India endeavors to do the following:
• Make the markets work for the benefit and welfare of consumers.
• Ensure fair and healthy competition in economic activities in the country for faster and
inclusive growth and development of economy.
• Implement competition policies with an aim to effectuate the most efficient utilization of
economic resources.
• Develop and nurture effective relations and interactions with sectoral regulators to ensure
smooth alignment of sectoral regulatory laws in tandem with the competition law.
• Effectively carry out competition advocacy and spread the information on benefits of
competition among all stakeholders to establish and nurture competition culture in Indian
economy.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), statutory organisation, was constituted
in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974. Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of
Environment and Forests of the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Principal
Functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
• to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by
prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and
• to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the
country.
•
Air Quality Monitoring is an important part of the air quality management.
The National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP) has been established with
objectives to determine the present air quality status and trends and to control and
regulate pollution from industries and other source to meet the air quality standards. It
also provides background air quality data needed for industrial siting and towns
planning.
Besides this, CPCB has an automatic monitoring station at ITO Intersection in New
Delhi. At this station Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Carbon
Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) are being monitored regularly. This information on
Air Quality at ITO is updated every week.

Fresh water is a finite resource essential for use in agriculture, industry, propagation of
wildlife & fisheries and for human existence. India is a riverine country. It has 14 major
rivers, 44 medium rivers and 55 minor rivers besides numerous lakes, ponds and wells
which are used as primary source of drinking water even without treatment. Most of the
rivers being fed by monsoon rains, which is limited to only three months of the year, run
dry throughout the rest of the year often carrying wastewater discharges from industries
or cities/towns endangering the quality of our scarce water resources. The parliament of
India in its wisdom enacted the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
with a view to maintaining and restoring wholesomeness of our water bodies. One of the
mandates of CPCB is to collect, collate and disseminate technical and statistical data
relating to water pollution. Hence, Water Quality Monitoring (WQM) and Surveillance
are of utmost importance

Functions of the Central Board at the National Level

• Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and

control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air.
• Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programm for the prevention,
control or abatement of water and air pollution;
• Co-ordinate the activities of the State Board and resolve disputes among
them;
• Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out
and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air
 and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air
pollution, and for their prevention, control or abatement;
• Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the
prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
• Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme
on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
• Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water
and air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention, control
or abatement;
• Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of
sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and
ducts;
• Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and air pollution
and their prevention and control;
• Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with the State Governments
concerned, the standards for stream or well, and lay down standards for the
quality of air; and
• Perform such other function as may be prescribed by the Government of india.
Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND) was set by the Government of India vide O.M.
dated 18th November 2004 as the central national agency, under Ministry of Finance,
responsible for receiving, processing, analyzing and disseminating information relating to
suspect financial transactions. FIU-IND is also responsible for coordinating and strengthening
efforts of national and international intelligence, investigation and enforcement agencies in
pursuing the global efforts against money laundering and related crimes. FIU-IND is an
independent body reporting directly to the Economic Intelligence Council (EIC) headed by the
Finance Minister

Functions of FIU-IND

The main function of FIU-IND is to receive cash/suspicious transaction reports, analyse them
and, as appropriate, disseminate valuable financial information to intelligence/enforcement
agencies and regulatory authorities . The functions of FIU-IND are:

• Collection of Information: Act as the central reception point for receiving Cash
Transaction reports (CTRs) and Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) from various
reporting entities.
• Analysis of Information: Analyze received information in order to uncover patterns of
transactions suggesting suspicion of money laundering and related crimes.
• Sharing of Information: Share information with national intelligence/law enforcement
agencies, national regulatory authorities and foreign Financial Intelligence Units.
• Act as Central Repository: Establish and maintain national data base on cash
transactions and suspicious transactions on the basis of reports received from reporting
entities.
• Coordination: Coordinate and strengthen collection and sharing of financial intelligence
through an effective national, regional and global network to combat money laundering
and related crimes.
• Research and Analysis: Monitor and identify strategic key areas on money laundering
trends, typologies and developments.
Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) is an autonomous
non-profit research organisation conducting policy oriented research, and promoting research on
issues central to India's international position and its economic exposure to the rest of the world.

Its main areas of research include:

• trade, openness, industrial restructuring and competitiveness
• financial liberalization and financial integration
• World Trade Organization (WTO) Issues
• macroeconomic management in an open economy
• strategic aspects of India’s external relations
Activities:
• IBF identifies and pursues growth opportunities for its members and ensures that the
members present a strong collective voice regionally, nationally and globally.
• IBF enjoys a unique position as the accredited spokesman of the broadcasting
industry.
• IBF in a short span of time has played a significant role in protecting and promoting
the interests of its members and freedom of electronic media in the world's largest
democracy.
• IBF closely monitors credit worthiness of the advertisers and advertising agencies
and takes appropriate measures against defaulters. It monitors the arrears of
payment to member broadcasters regularly and takes up the matter with defaulting
advertising agencies to help the member broadcasters recover their dues from the
advertising agencies.
• IBF is actively involved in the establishment of India’s Broadcast Audience Research
Council (BARC), a new apex body to provide the official measurement of television
audiences in India.
• IBF takes up issues that are affecting the broadcasting Industry with the concerned
authorities and government departments on a regular basis.

What is the Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC)?

The BCCC is an independent Council set up by the Indian Broadcasting Foundation. The
Council comprises of a thirteen member body consisting of a Chairperson being a retired Judge
of the Supreme Court or High Court and 12 other members. The composition of other members
shall be as under:
• Four non-broadcaster members
• Four members from any national level Statutory Commissions
• Four broadcaster members
BCCC would examine complaints about television programmes received from the viewers or any
other sources, including NGOs, RWAs, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting etc. and ensures
that the programmes are in conformity with the Self Regulatory Content Guidelines.
Who can make a complaint?
Any person or a group of persons, may, either individually or jointly, file a complaint against any
programme broadcast on any of the IBF member TV Channels.
What can I complain about?
You may complain of any breach of the Self Regulatory Content Guidelines for Non News &
Current Affairs TV Channels including the following Principles of Self Regulations:
• National Interest
• Racial & Religious Harmony
• Children & Generally Accessible Programmes
• Social Values
• Kissing, Sex & Nudity
• Violence & Crime
• Gambling
• Horror & the Occult
• Drugs, Smoking, Tobacco, Solvents & Alcohol
• Libel, Slander & Defamation
• Harm & Offence
How to make a complaint?
A complaint must be made to the Standard and Practices (S&P) Department of the concerned TV
Channel.
If the complainant is not satisfied with the reply received from the Head of S&P Department of
the TV Channel, complainant can make a complaint to the BCCC within two weeks of receipt of
reply from the Channel or within three weeks of filing of the complaint to the Channel..
reply from the Channel or within three weeks of filing of the complaint to the Channel..
Is there a time limit to file a complaint to the TV Channel?
A complaint should be made as soon as possible and not later than a week of the telecast of the
offending programme to the Head, Standard & Practices (S&P) Department of the concerned
Broadcaster/Television Channel.
Is there a time limit to receive a response from the TV Channel?
If the Head of the S&P Department considers that there has been a violation of the Content
Guidelines, she/he shall reply to the complainant within one week of the channel's receipt of the
complaint. An acknowledgment to the complaint shall also be sent to the complainant within two
days by the S & P Department after the receipt of the complaint.
Is there any time limit to file a complaint before the BCCC ?
The complaint can be filed before the BCCC against any offending programme broadcast on any
of the IBF member TV Channels within 14 (fourteen) days from the date of the first broadcast.
In which language can the complaint be made?
The complaint can be made in English or Hindi.
Does the mechanism cover films and movie videos?
The complaint redressal mechanism does not cover films, movie videos & film trailers as these
programmes are currently being pre-certified by Central Board of Film Certification.
Does the mechanism cover advertisements being broadcast on the TV channels?
The mechanism does not cover advertisements. All advertisement related complaints should be
addressed to The Advertising Standards Council of India.
What happens if the directions of the BCCC are not followed by the TV Channels?
In case of non-adherence of the directions of BCCC by the TV Channel, it may initiate any one
or a combination of the following actions: -
• Issue a warning to implement the direction within next forty-eight hours.
• Air an apology in such manner as may be decided.
• Issue a Directive to the IBF not to consider the outstandings of that Channel for
processing till the matter is resolved.
• Issue a Directive to the IBF to take necessary action to expel the concerned member.
• In exceptional cases of a Television Channel not carrying out the directions of the BCCC,
the BCCC may recommend to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for
appropriate action against the Channel, as per the law.
• Any Directive issued by the BCCC to the IBF shall be binding and must be implemented
with immediate effect.
Which broadcasters are within the scope of the BCCC?
Broadcasters that are Members of the IBF are within the scope of the redressal mechanism.
However, any complaints received against non-IBF members, the same will be forwarded to the I
& B Ministry for appropriate action.
The Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society, now renamed as The Indian Newspaper Society,
enjoys a unique position as the accredited spokesman of the newspaper industry.
The foundation of the Society, in the year 1939, was the first step in giving direction and
cohesion to a vital industry. Because the Press till then had been growing at random, without
organisational support, mutual co-ordination or any protection from the numerous pressure
groups that independent publications are invariably exposed to.
The Isndian Newspaper Society is proud to have played a significant role in protecting and
promoting the freedom of the Press in the world's largest democracy.
The greatest strength of the Society stems from a unity of purpose. Over 1000 dailies, bi-
weeklies,weeklies, fortnightlies and monthlies published in 18 languages from all over the
country form the nucleus that accounts for over 90% of the country's readership.

2. To act as a central organization primarily of the press of India, and of any other country in
Asia, which desires to associate itself with the Society.
3. To promote and safeguard the business interests of its members incidental to the production of
their publications and to take suitable steps in respect of such business as are affected by the
action of Legislatures, Governments, Law Courts, Municipal and local bodies, and Associations
or Organizations, commercial or formed for any other purpose.
• To collect information upon all topics having a practical business interest for its members
and to communicate the same to them.
• To promote co-operation in all matters affecting the common business interests of its
members.
• To hold periodical conferences of its members to discuss and determine action on matters
of common business interest.
• To make rules and regulations and bye-laws to govern the conduct of its members in
accordance with the decisions of the Society, to provide penalties for the infringement
thereof and to provide means of determining whether there has been such infringement.
• To maintain a permanent secretariat in India to watch over the business interest of its
members and to permit of a constant interchange of information and views.
• To purchase, take on lease or hire or otherwise acquire or build any movable or
immovable property for the purpose of the Society, and sell, improve, manage, develop,
lease, mortgage, charge, dispose of or otherwise deal with all or any such property in the
business interest of the Society.
• To invest and deal with the assets of the Society in such manner as may from time to time
be determined by the Committee of the Society and to operate Current or Fixed Deposit
Accounts with any Bank or Banks or in Government Securities as approved by the
Committee. ​
• To subscribe, become a member of or otherwise co-operate with any other Association
whose objects are wholly or in part similar to those of the Society.
• To collect subscriptions and other contributions from its members for the recurring and
incidental expenses of the Society.
• To undertake any arbitration for settlement of general or special disputes arising between
members of the Society.
• To provide for the grant of any pension, gratuity, allowances, bonus or other payment to
or for the benefit of the employees of the Society as deemed expedient whether they have
or have not a legal claim upon the Society for such grants.
• To borrow or raise or secure the payment of money which may be required for the
purposes of the Society in such manner as the Society may think fit.
• To undertake and execute any Trust which may lawfully be undertaken by the Society
and may be conductive to its objects.
• To do or concur in doing all such other things as may be considered conductive or
incidental to the attainment of the aforesaid objects or of the business interests of
 incidental to the attainment of the aforesaid objects or of the business interests of
newspapers and periodicals in general or the Society or any of its members in particular.
4. The income and property of the Society, wheresoever derived, shall be applied solely towards
the promotion of the objects of the Society as set forth in this Memorandum of Association, and
no portion thereof shall be paid or transferred directly or indirectly by way of divident, bonus, or
otherwise howsoever by way of profit to the members of the Society, provided that nothing
herein contained shall prevent the payment, in good faith, of remmuneration to any officer or
servant of the Society in return for any services actually rendered to the Society.

5. Membership of the Society shall be restricted to individuals, firms, or companies who own and
carry on the business of the Management of a newspaper or newspapers or periodicals, and no
other individual, firm, or Company shall be entitled to become or be or remain a member of the
Society.
6. The liability of the members is limited.
7. Every member of the Society undertakes to contribute to the assets of the Society, in the event
of its being wound up while he is a member, or within one year afterwards, for the payment of
the debts and liabilities of the Society contracted before he ceased to be a member and of the
costs, charges and expenses of winding up and for adjustments of the rights of the contributories
among themselves, and such amount as may be required, not exceeding in the case of each
member Rs. 10 (Rs. ten) only).
Agency Accredition
The Society brings out the Press Handbook annually, which contains details of its member
publications including their advertisement rates, details of accredited advertising agencies and
other valuable information relating to media in India, along with rules governing accreditation of
advertising agencies. The Handbook is acknowledged as an authoritative compendiumof
information by Government, Private Sector and others concerned with Newspaper Industry and
advertising both in India and abroad.
Function of Society
Advertising
One of the key functions performed by the society is to provide assistance to member
publications in regard to monitoring the recovery of their dues from Advertising Agencies and
Advertisers.
Advertisements, for long, have been a major source of revenue for the newspapers and
periodicals. The growth of revenue from this source has been sluggish due to the phenomenal
expansion of the electronic media, which has diverted revenues, to a considerable extent, away
from the print media. For bringing to the notice of advertisers, media managers and public, the
advantages of advertising in the newspapers and periodicals, INS has decided to launch a
sustained campaign code-named " Project Press". This campaign is being financed entirely
through voluntary contributions from member publications.
Accreditation of Advertising Agencies
An institutionalized system of granting accreditation to advertising agencies enabling them, upon
such accreditation, to access certain facilities from the members, has been in vogue for several
decades.
The system operates in terms of the "Rules Governing Accreditation of Advertising Agencies
and Rulings of the Society" adopted by the Society, initially in the year 1943, and subsequently
amended from time to time.
Currently the total number of agencies which enjoy full Accreditation from the Society is 619
and those which are Provisionally Accredited is 229. Thus the total number of accredited
agencies is 848.
Suspension of Advertisements of Defaulting Advertisers
It is true that advertising agencies themselves often have problems of recovery of their dues from
their advertisers. While the Society insists that the agencies are obliged to pay their dues to
members not withstanding non-recoveries from their advertisers, it does assist the agencies , in
deserving cases, by suspending the advertisements of the defaulting advertisers , under the Rules,
when the claim of the agency concerned has been established and it has cleared the dues of the
publications.
Monitoring of Payments to Publications
Monitoring of Payments to Publications
The Society monitors payments to publications from the advertising agencies through a system
of Monthly Review Verification (MRV)
Enforcement of Accreditation Rules
The Society constantly endeavors to enforce the Accreditation Rules, so that payments are made
within the credit period allowed and the offering of commission/discounts etc, which is not
permissible, is not
resorted to.

Resolution of Disputes between Publications and the Agencies

Both publications and agencies are encouraged to mutually resolve their disputes but wherever it
becomes imperative, the Society advice the agencies involved to bilaterally settle the disputes.
Advertising Committee
The entire gamut of the activities of the Society, relating to the area of advertising, is overseen by
the Advertising Committee. All policy matters, position of arrears of advertising agencies, action
taken against agencies for defaults including ratification of notices of disaccreditation,
cancellation of accreditation, granting of Provisional and Full Accreditation etc, are considered
and decided at the meetings of the Advertising Committee.
Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) has been constituted on 15th September 2003 to
hear appeals against the decisions of the Registrar under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and the
Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, to bring the
provisions of the Patent Amendment Act, 2002 and the Patents Amendment Act, 2005, relating
to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board into force. Till now these were under the jurisdiction
of the High Courts
IPAB has its headquarters at Chennai and shall have sittings at Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata
and Ahmedabad.
The Trade Marks Act, 1999 and the corresponding Trade Mark Rules, 2002 as well as the
Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection ) Act, 1999 and the
Geographical Indications of Goods ( Registration and Protection ) Rules, 2002 have all come
into force with effect from 15th September, 2003.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

3. What is the time limit for filing of an appeal before IPAB from the order or
decision of the Registrar of Trade Marks?
An appeal to the IPAB should be filed within three months from the date on which
the order or decision to be appealed against is communicated to such person
preferring the appeal.
4. Is it possible to file an appeal before the IPAB after the three months
period?
An appeal may be admitted after the three month period if the appellant satisfies the
Appellate Board that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the
three month period.
5. Is there forms and fees prescribed for initiating proceedings before the
IPAB in respect of trade mark matters?
The Trade Marks (Application and Appeals to the IPAB) Rules, 2003 prescribes the
forms and fees for filing application and appeal before the IPAB.
6. Is there any rules of procedure prescribed for the proceedings before the
IPAB?
The IPAB (Procedure) Rules, 2003 provides the forms and fees for the different
proceedings before the IPAB.
7. What about the cases pending before various High Courts?
All cases of appeals against any order or decision of the Registrar and all cases
pertaining to rectification of the register pending before any High Court stands
transferred to the Appellate Board from 6th October, 2003. However, infringements
and criminal proceedings would be continued in those Courts only.
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) is an
autonomous body under the aegis of Department of Science & Technology, Government of
India. NABL has been established with the objective to provide Government, Regulators and
Industry with a scheme of laboratory accreditation through third-party assessment for
formally recognizing the technical competence of laboratories. The accreditation services are
provided for testing, calibration and medical laboratories in accordance with International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standards.
Accreditation assists the Indian industries to enhance the quality and reliability of Indian goods
in the domestic market and exports, thereby, catalyses the growth of Indian economy. WTO has
identified non-acceptance of test results and measurement data as Technical Barrier to Trade
(TBT) and accreditation is considered to be the first essential step towards removing such
technical barriers.
Today, the test results and measurement data produced by Indian accredited laboratories are
acceptable amongst 64 economies. As on date, more than 1600 laboratories have NABL
accreditation, out of which 20% are Government laboratories. NABL accredited laboratories
have therefore emerged members of global family of more than 40,000 accredited laboratories.
NABL provides accreditation in all major fields of Science and Engineering such as Biological,
Chemical, Electrical, Electronics, Mechanical, Fluid-Flow, Non-Destructive, Photometry,
Radiological, Thermal & Forensics under testing facilities and Electro-Technical, Mechanical,
Fluid Flow, Thermal, Optical & Radiological under Calibration facilities. NABL also offers
accreditation for medical testing laboratories.
The major sectors in which NABL has granted accreditation are Textiles, Automobiles, Power,
Telecom, Petroleum, Food, Health and Environment.
National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRiP), the largest and one of
the most significant initiatives in Automotive sector so far, represents a unique joining of
hands between the Government of India, a number of State Governments and Indian
Automotive Industry to create a state of the art Testing, Validation and R&D infrastructure in
the country.
The Project aims at creating core global competencies in Automotive sector in India and
facilitate seamless integration of Indian Automotive industry with the world as also to
position the country prominently on the global automotive map

VISION
"Create state-of-art research and testing infrastructure to drive India into the future of global
automotive excellence"

MISSION
NATRiP aims at setting up of seven state-of-the-art sutomotive testing and R&D centres across the
country and thereby :
i. Creating core global competencies.
ii. Enhancing competitive skills for product development leading to deepening of manufacturing.
iii. Synergizing Indias unique capabilities in Information Technology with the automotive sector.
iv. Facilitating seamless integration of Indian automotive industry with the world to put India strongly
on the global automotive map.
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18.10.2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act
2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation
of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and
giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith
or incidental thereto. It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle
environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues. The Tribunal shall not be bound by the
procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural
justice.
The Tribunal's dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice
and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts. The Tribunal is mandated to make and
endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same. Initially, the
NGT is proposed to be set up at five places of sittings and will follow circuit procedure for making itself
more accessible. New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and
Chennai shall be the other 4 place of sitting of the Tribunal.
The environment ministry had argued that as per provisions in the Forest Conservation Act and
NGT Act, the tribunal did not have the authority to hear appeals against Centre’s orders. It said
NGT can hear appeals against only orders passed by states and other authorities. So, NGT , in a
decision, made it mandatory for states to declare the clearance of diversion of forests for other
uses after centre has given its clearances. This leaves a window open for appeal by aggrieved
parties.
Genesis
• The Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, while presenting the Union Budget for 1987-88 on February
28, 1987 announced the decision to establish the National Housing Bank (NHB) as an apex level
institution for housing finance. Following that, the National Housing Bank Bill (91 of 1987)
providing the legislative framework for the establishment of NHB was passed by Parliament in the
winter session of 1987 and with the assent of the Hon’ble President of India on December 23,
1987, became an Act of Parliament.
• The National Housing Policy, 1988 envisaged the setting up of NHB as the Apex level institution
for housing.
• In pursuance of the above, NHB was set up on July 9, 1988 under the National Housing Bank
Act, 1987.
• NHB is wholly owned by Reserve Bank of India, which contributed the entire paid-up capital.
• The general superintendence, direction and management of the affairs and business of NHB
vest, under the Act, in a Board of Directors.
• The Head Office of NHB is at New Delhi.

Objectives
NHB has been established to achieve, inter alia, the following objectives –
a. To promote a sound, healthy, viable and cost effective housing finance system to cater to all
segments of the population and to integrate the housing finance system with the overall financial
system.
b. To promote a network of dedicated housing finance institutions to adequately serve various
regions and different income groups.
c. To augment resources for the sector and channelise them for housing.
d. To make housing credit more affordable.
e. To regulate the activities of housing finance companies based on regulatory and supervisory
authority derived under the Act.
f. To encourage augmentation of supply of buildable land and also building materials for housing
and to upgrade the housing stock in the country.
g. To encourage public agencies to emerge as facilitators and suppliers of serviced land, for
housing.
h.

Functions

Regulation: In terms of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, National Housing Bank is expected,
in the public interest, to regulate the housing finance system of the country to its advantage or to prevent
the affairs of any housing finance institution being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of the
depositors or in a manner prejudicial to the interest of the housing finance institutions. For this, National
Housing Bank has been empowered to determine the policy and give directions to the housing finance
institutions and their auditors.
National Housing Bank supervises the sector through a system of on-site and off-site surveillance.
Financing
NHB supports housing finance sector by:
Extending refinance to different primary lenders in respect of:

Eligible housing loans extended by them to individual beneficiaries,

for project loans extended by them to various implementing agencies.
Lending directly in respect of projects undertaken by public housing agencies for housing construction
and development of housing related infrastructure,
and development of housing related infrastructure,
Guaranteeing the repayment of principal and payment of interest on bonds issued by Housing Finance
Companies.
Acting as Special Purpose Vehicle for securitising the housing loan receivables.

Promotion and Development

The principal mandate of the Bank is to promote housing finance institutions to improve/strengthen the
credit delivery network for housing finance in the country. The Bank has played a facilitator role in this
regard instead of itself opening such dedicated housing finance institutions. For this purpose, NHB has
issued the Model Memorandum and Articles of Association. NHB has also issued guidelines for
participating in the equity of housing finance companies. All housing finance companies registered with
NHB u/s 29A of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 and scheduled commercial/co-operative banks are
eligible for refinance support subject to terms and conditions as laid down under the respective refinance
schemes.
As a part of its promotional role NHB has also formulated a scheme for guaranteeing the bonds to be
issued by the housing finance companies.
Considering the need for trained personnel for the sector NHB has designed and conducted various
training programmes.
Brief overview
Building upon the Honey Bee network (The HoneyBee Network was incubated by Prof. Anil Gupta
at IIM Ahmedabad in 1988. The Network uncovers and documents grass root innovations from rural
and small town India and tries to spread the knowledge and helps the inventors get a fair economic
reward for their creativity) philosophy, the National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF), started
functioning in March 2000 as India’s national initiative to strengthen the grassroots technological
innovations and outstanding traditional knowledge. Its mission is to help India become a creative
and knowledge based society by expanding policy and institutional space for grassroots
technological innovators. NIF is committed to look for grassroots innovators who have
developed technological innovations in any field of human survival without any outside help.
NIF helps them get due reward for their innovations and ensure that such innovations diffuse
widely through commercial and non-commercial channels generating incentives for them and
others involved in the value chain. With major contribution from the Honey Bee Network, NIF
has been able to build up a database of more than 1, 60,000 ideas, innovations and traditional
knowledge practices (not all unique) from over 545 districts of the country.
NIF has filed over 550 patents on behalf of the innovators and outstanding traditional knowledge
holders of which thirty five patents have been granted in India and four in USA. Micro Venture
Innovation Fund at NIF has provided risk capital for 178 projects, which are at different stages
of incubation.
The Grassroots to Global (G2G) model that NIF is propagating is all set to change the way the
world looks at the creativity and innovations at grassroots.

Objectives
National Innovation Foundation - India was set up by the Department of Science and
Technology in February 2000 at Ahmedabad to achieve its goals essentially through a non-
government spirit and by drawing upon the HoneyBee network and its collaborating partners.
• To help India become an innovative and creative society and a global leader in
sustainable technologies by scouting, spawning and sustaining grassroots innovations
• To ensure evolution and diffusion of green grassroots innovation in a selective, time-
bound and mission oriented basis so as to meet the socio-economic and environmental
needs of our society
• To provide institutional support in scouting, spawning, sustaining and scaling up
grassroots green innovations as well as outstanding traditional knowledge and helping
their transition to self supporting activities.
• To seek self reliance through competitive advantage of innovation based enterprises
and/or application of "people generated sustainable technologies" at grassroots level
• To build linkages between excellence in formal scientific systems and informal
knowledge systems and create a knowledge network to link various stakeholders through
application of information technology and other means
• To promote wider social awareness, and possible applications, of the know-how
generated as a result of these initiatives in commercial or social spheres and encourage
its incorporation in educational curriculum,developmental policies and programs
Set up in the early 1960s by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the NIC held its first meeting in 1962. The
council reviews matters relating to national integration and makes recommendations on such issues.

The NIC aims at finding ways and means of combating the menace of communalism, casteism and
regionalism. It has held 14 meetings so far, with the last one in October 2008 during the first innings of
the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government.

Set up in the early 1960s by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the NIC held its first meeting in 1962. The
council reviews matters relating to national integration and makes recommendations on such issues.

The NIC aims at finding ways and means of combating the menace of communalism, casteism,
regionalism, linguism and narrow-mindedness, and to formulate definite conclusions in order to
give a lead to the country.

In April 2010 the council was reconstituted with 147 members, again chaired by Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh.[1] The fifteenth meeting was scheduled in Delhi for 10 September 2011. The agenda
included discussion of measures to eliminate discrimination, promote communal harmony and curb
communalism and communal violence. The attendees were also to discuss ways in which the state and
police should handle civil disturbances and ways to curb radicalization of youth in the name of religion
and caste.

Meeting in September, 2013 was characterized by walkouts on Teleangana, absenteeism

(Narendra Modi) and sloganeering. Seems NIC has lost its relavance
The National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was constituted on 13th June 2005 with a time-
frame of three years, from 2nd October 2005 to 2nd October 2008. As a high-level advisory body
to the Prime Minister of India, the National Knowledge Commission has been given a mandate
to guide policy and direct reforms, focusing on certain key areas such as education, science and
technology, agriculture, industry, e-governance etc. Easy access to knowledge, creation and
preservation of knowledge systems, dissemination of knowledge and better knowledge services
are core concerns of the commission.
The overarching aim of the National Knowledge Commission is to enable the development of a
vibrant knowledge based society. This entails both a radical improvement in existing systems of
knowledge, and creating avenues for generating new forms of knowledge.

Greater participation and more equitable access to knowledge across all sections of society are of
vital importance in achieving these goals.
Objectives
In view of the above, the NKC seeks to develop appropriate institutional frameworks to:
• Strengthen the education system, promote domestic research and innovation, facilitate
knowledge application in sectors like health, agriculture, and industry.
• Leverage information and communication technologies to enhance governance and
improve connectivity.
• Devise mechanisms for exchange and interaction between knowledge systems in the
global arena.
The National Knowledge Commission consists of six Members, including the Chairman. All Members
perform their duties on a part-time basis and do not claim any remuneration for the same.

The Members are assisted in their duties by a small Technical Support Staff headed by an Executive
Director seconded to the NKC by the government. The Commission is also free to co-opt Experts to
assist in the management of its tasks.

The Planning Commission is the nodal agency for the NKC for planning and budgeting purposes
as well as for handling Parliament related responses.
The Terms of Reference of the NKC are:
• “Build excellence in the educational system to meet the knowledge challenges of the 21st
century and increase India’s competitive advantage in fields of knowledge.
• Promote creation of knowledge in Science and technology laboratories.
• Improve the management of institutions engaged in Intellectual Property Rights.
• Promote knowledge applications in Agriculture and Industry.
• Promote the use of knowledge capabilities in making government an effective,
transparent and accountable service provider to the citizen and promote widespread
sharing of knowledge to maximize public benefit.”
Background
The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up by the
Government to provide a continuing forum for policy dialogue to energise and sustain the
growth of manufacturing industries in India..
A. Background for the setting up of the NMCC
• The average annual growth rate of manufacturing in 1990s was 6%, which increased to
7.5% (with high of 12.5% in 2006-07 and the low of 2.8% in 2008-09) during 2000-10.
The share of services, manufacturing and agriculture sectors in the total GDP was 44%,
14%, and 30%, in 1991-92 and the same has changed to 65%, 16%, and 15% (2009-10).
Manufacturing sector which is a part of the industry accounts for about 16% in India’s
GDP with a share of 11% in total employment. In contrast, the East Asian economies
namely, China (43%), Indonesia (26%), Malaysia (25%) and Thailand (35%) have a
much higher contribution of manufacturing in their GDP (2009).
• Manufacturing sector accounts for about 64% share in India’s total exports (2009-10).
India’s share in the global trade is 1.32% (and the corresponding figure of China is
11.28%), which is much below the India’s potential. Five sectors viz., gems and
jewellery, textiles, engineering goods, chemicals, leather and leather goods account for
54.41% (2009-10) of the India’s exports. The two trading blocks, US and EU, receive
more than 15% of exports from India.
• Indian industry has to not only face stiff competition from free imports but also continue
its efforts to grow its export capability through competitiveness. There is a continuous
need to benchmark the Indian manufacturing sector against the best in the world and
enhance competitiveness of the manufacturing sector.
• Globally the manufacturing activities are now acquiring a new dimension. The trend is to
source products from low –cost countries (LCCs). This is gaining momentum. India with
its past experience, large pool of skilled manpower, established raw material and supply
base and growing domestic volumes has the potential to emerge as major manufacturing
hub for the global market. To harness the opportunities and the potential, appropriate
sector specific interventions with special focus is the need of the hour. Sectors like
Textiles, Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, Electrical and Electronics, Food processing
and Leather and Handicrafts are some examples which offer immediate opportunities to
garner a major share of the global market.
• Attaining competitive edge in ‘manufacturing’ depends critically on mitigating
constraints; both the general constraints such as inadequate infrastructure, high
transaction costs, higher interest rates, power and regulatory issues as well as sector
specific constraints such as technology upgradation, market access, duty structure,
managerial practices and competitive scales etc. Resolution of these constraints
necessitates focused attention and action involving not only inter-
Ministerial/Departmental co-ordination but also closer interaction amongst stakeholders
viz; industry, input providers, financial institutions, education, research and management
institutions.
• Recognizing the importance of manufacturing in overall economic growth of a country
and the need for enhancing its productivity, competitiveness and employment generation
many countries have initiated institutional mechanism for a national approach on
manufacturing.
• , the Government set up the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council in
September 2004. This is an interdisciplinary and autonomous body at the highest
level to serve as a policy forum for credible and coherent policy initiatives in
 manufacturing sector. The Council is expected to energize and sustain the growth of
manufacturing industries in the Country and also help in implementation of strategy. The
role, functions and composition of the council are as under:
Role

• Identification of manufacturing sectors, which have potential for global competitiveness,

problems and constraints in such sectors with respect to structure and size of industry,
technology gaps, modernization needs etc.;
• Evolving sector specific strategies for enhancing competitiveness of manufacturing
sector;
• Recommending measures to create common infrastructure and facilities such as testing,
quality, design, HRD, skills, training institutes, etc.; and
• Providing forum for dialogue between the public and private sectors, labour and
academic sectors.

Functions

The NMCC shall advise the Government on industrial and sector specific initiatives that may
be required for enhancing competitiveness of industries. It would inter alia include:
(a) Sectoral and enterprise level initiatives;
(b) Innovation and technology development (R&D);
(c) Entrepreneurship promotion;
(d) Infrastructure and enabling facilities;
(e) Trade and fiscal policies; and
(f) Employment generation

Objectives

The area to be covered by the NMCC is very vast. In essence it covers the entire gamut of
Indian Economy and its competitiveness. It is difficult to divide the operations and deal
with Manufacturing and Services as separate compartments, as both are interlinked in
many ways. The NMCC is, therefore, looking into all the aspects that affect growth of
Manufacturing including the increasing need for employment opportunities.

1) Enhance Government focus on manufacturing competitiveness ;

2) Creating conditions for investment in and growth of the manufacturing sector ;
3) Lowering the cost of manufacturing ;
4) Investing in innovations ;
5) Strengthening education and training at all levels;
6) Adoption of global best practices in manufacturing;
7) Right market framework, competition and regulation ;
8) Issues relating to competitiveness in small and medium industries;
9) Competitiveness of public sector manufacturing industries ; and
10) Infrastructure development
What is a non-banking financial company (NBFC)?
A non-banking financial company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act,
1956 and is engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of
shares/stock/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government or local authority or other
securities of like marketable nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business, but
does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial
activity, sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.
A non-banking institution which is a company and which has its principal business of receiving
deposits under any scheme or arrangement or any other manner, or lending in any manner is also
a non-banking financial company (residuary non-banking company).
NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs ?
NBFCs are doing functions akin to that of banks, however there are a few differences:
• (i) a NBFC cannot accept demand deposits (demand deposits are funds deposited at a
depository institution that are payable on demand -- immediately or within a very short
period -- like your current or savings accounts.)
• (ii) it is not a part of the payment and settlement system and as such cannot issue cheques
to its customers; and
• (iii) deposit insurance facility of DICGC is not available for NBFC depositors unlike in
case of banks.
Is it necessary that every NBFC should be registered with RBI?
In terms of Section 45-IA of the RBI Act, 1934, it is mandatory that every NBFC should be
registered with RBI to commence or carry on any business of non-banking financial institution as
defined in clause (a) of Section 45 I of the RBI Act, 1934.
However, to obviate dual regulation, certain category of NBFCs which are regulated by other
regulators are exempted from the requirement of registration with RBI viz. venture capital
fund/merchant banking companies/stock broking companies registered with Sebi, insurance
company holding a valid certificate of registration issued by IRDA, Nidhi companies as notified
under Section 620A of the Companies Act, 1956, chit companies as defined in clause (b) of
Section 2 of the Chit Funds Act, 1982 or housing finance companies regulated by National
Housing Bank.
What are the different types of NBFCs registered with RBI?
The NBFCs that are registered with RBI are:
• (i) equipment leasing company;
• (ii) hire-purchase company;
• (iii) loan company;
• (iv) investment company.
With effect from December 6, 2006 the above NBFCs registered with RBI have been reclassified
as
• (i) Asset Finance Company (AFC)
• (ii) Investment Company (IC)
• (iii) Loan Company (LC)
AFC would be defined as any company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal
business the financing of physical assets supporting productive / economic activity, such as
automobiles, tractors, lathe machines, generator sets, earth moving and material handling
equipments, moving on own power and general purpose industrial machines.
Principal business for this purpose is defined as aggregate of financing real/physical assets
supporting economic activity and income arising therefrom is not less than 60% of its total assets
and total income respectively.
The above type of companies may be further classified into those accepting deposits or those not
accepting deposits.
Besides the above class of NBFCs the Residuary Non-Banking Companies are also registered as
NBFC with the Bank.
NBFC with the Bank.
What are the requirements for registration with RBI?
A company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and desirous of commencing business
of non-banking financial institution as defined under Section 45 I(a) of the RBI Act, 1934 should
have a minimum net owned fund of Rs 25 lakh (raised to Rs 2 crore from April 21, 1999).
The company is required to submit its application for registration in the prescribed format
alongwith necessary documents for bank's consideration. The bank issues certificate of
registration after satisfying itself that the conditions as enumerated in Section 45-IA of the RBI
Act, 1934 are satisfied.
Where one can find a list of registered NBFCs and instructions issued to NBFCs?
The list of registered NBFCs is available on the web site of Reserve Bank of India and can be
viewed at www.rbi.org.in. The instructions issued to NBFCs from time to time are also hosted at
the above site. Besides, instructions are also issued through Official Gazette notifications. Press
releases are also issued to draw attention of the public/NBFCs.
Can all NBFCs accept deposits and what are the requirements for accepting public
deposits?
All NBFCs are not entitled to accept public deposits. Only those NBFCs holding a valid
certificate of registration with authorisation to accept public deposits can accept/hold public
deposits. The NBFCs accepting public deposits should have minimum stipulated net owned fund
and comply with the directions issued by the bank.
Is there any ceiling on acceptance of public deposits? What is the rate of interest and
period of deposit which NBFCs can accept?
Yes, there is ceiling on acceptance of public deposits. An NBFC maintaining required
NOF/CRAR and complying with the prudential norms can accept public deposits as follows:
• Category of NBFC
• Ceiling on public deposits
• AFCs maintaining CRAR of 15% without credit rating
• AFCs with CRAR of 12% and having minimum investment grade credit rating 1.5 times
of NOF or Rs 10 crore whichever is less
• 4 times of NOF
• LC/IC with CRAR of 15% and having minimum investment grade credit rating 1.5 times
of NOF
Presently, the maximum rate of interest a NBFC can offer is 11%. The interest may be paid or
compounded at rests not shorter than monthly rests.
The NBFCs are allowed to accept/renew public deposits for a minimum period of 12 months and
maximum period of 60 months. They cannot accept deposits repayable on demand.
The RNBCs have different norms for acceptance of deposits which are explained elsewhere in
this booklet.
What are the salient features of NBFCs regulations which the depositor may note at the
times of investment?
Some of the important regulations relating to acceptance of deposits by NBFCs are as under:
• i) The NBFCs are allowed to accept/renew public deposits for a minimum period of 12
months and maximum period of 60 months. They cannot accept deposits repayable on
demand.
• ii) NBFCs cannot offer interest rates higher than the ceiling rate prescribed by RBI from
time to time. The present ceiling is 11 per cent per annum. The interest may be paid or
compounded at rests not shorter than monthly rests.
• iii) NBFCs cannot offer gifts/incentives or any other additional benefit to the depositors.
• iv) NBFCs (except certain AFCs) should have minimum investment grade credit rating.
• v) The deposits with NBFCs are not insured.
• vi) The repayment of deposits by NBFCs is not guaranteed by RBI.
• vii) There are certain mandatory disclosures about the company in the Application Form
issued by the company soliciting deposits.
What is 'deposit' and 'public deposit'? Is it defined anywhere?
The term 'deposit' is defined under Section 45 I(bb) of the RBI Act, 1934. 'Deposit' includes and
shall be deemed always to have included any receipt of money by way of deposit or loan or in
any other form but does not include:
 • amount raised by way of share capital, or contributed as capital by partners of a firm;
• amount received from scheduled bank, co-operative bank, a banking company, State
Financial Corporation, IDBI or any other institution specified by RBI;
• amount received in ordinary course of business by way of security deposit, dealership
deposit, earnest money, advance against orders for goods, properties or services;
• amount received by a registered money lender other than a body corporate;
• amount received by way of subscriptions in respect of a 'Chit'.
• Paragraph 2(1)(xii) of the Non-Banking Financial Companies Acceptance of Public
Deposits ( Reserve Bank) Directions, 1998 defines a ' public deposit' as a 'deposit' as
defined under Section 45 I(bb) of the RBI Act, 1934 and further excludes the following:
amount received from the Central/State Government or any other source where
repayment is guaranteed by Central/State Government or any amount received from local
authority or foreign government or any foreign citizen/authority/person;
• any amount received from financial institutions;
• any amount received from other company as inter-corporate deposit;
• amount received by way of subscriptions to shares, stock, bonds or debentures pending
allotment or by way of calls in advance if such amount is not repayable to the members
under the articles of association of the company;
• amount received from shareholders by private company;
• amount received from directors or relative of the director of a NBFC;
• amount raised by issue of bonds or debentures secured by mortgage of any immovable
property or other asset of the company subject to conditions;
• the amount brought in by the promoters by way of unsecured loan;
• amount received from a mutual fund;
• any amount received as hybrid debt or subordinated debt;
• any amount received by issuance of Commercial Paper.
Thus, the directions have sought to exclude from the definition of public deposit amount raised
from certain set of informed lenders who can make independent decision.
Are Secured debentures treated as Public Deposit? If not who regulates them?
Debentures secured by the mortgage of any immovable property or other asset of the company if
the amount raised does not exceed the market value of the said immovable property or other
asset are excluded from the definition of 'public deposit' in terms of Non-Banking Financial
Companies Acceptance of Public Deposits (Reserve Bank) Directions, 1998. Secured debentures
are debt instruments and are regulated by Securities & Exchange Board of India.
Whether NBFCs can accept deposits from NRIs?
Effective from April 24, 2004, NBFCs cannot accept deposits from NRI except deposits by debit
to NRO account of NRI provided such amount do not represent inward remittance or transfer
from NRE/FCNR (B) account.
However, the existing NRI deposits can be renewed.
Is nomination facility available to the Depositors of NBFCs?
Yes, nomination facility is available to the depositors of NBFCs. The Rules for nomination
facility are provided for in section 45QB of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Non-Banking
Financial Companies have been advised to adopt the Banking Companies (Nomination) Rules,
1985 made under Section 45ZA of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Accordingly, depositor/s of NBFCs are permitted to nominate, one person to whom, the NBFC
can return the deposit in the event of the death of the depositor/s. NBFCs are advised to accept
nominations made by the depositors in the form similar to one specified under the said rules, viz
Form DA 1 for the purpose of nomination, and Form DA2 and DA3 for cancellation of
nomination and variation of nomination, respectively.
What else should a depositor bear in mind while depositing money with NBFCs?
While making deposits with a NBFC, the following aspects should be borne in mind:
• (i) Public deposits are unsecured.
• (ii) A proper deposit receipt which should, besides the name of the depositor/s state the
date of deposit, the amount in words and figures, rate of interest payable and the date of
maturity should be insisted. The receipt shall be duly signed by an officer authorised by
the company in that behalf.
• (iii) The Reserve Bank of India does not accept any responsibility or guarantee about the
 • (iii) The Reserve Bank of India does not accept any responsibility or guarantee about the
present position as to the financial soundness of the company or for the correctness of any
of the statements or representations made or opinions expressed by the company and for
repayment of deposits/discharge of the liabilities by the company.
It is said that rating of NBFCs is necessary before it accepts deposit? Is it true? Who rates
them?
An unrated NBFC, except certain Asset Finance companies (AFC), cannot accept public
deposits. An exception is made in case of unrated AFC companies with CRAR of 15% which
can accept public deposit up to 1.5 times of the NOF or Rs 10 crore whichever is lower without
having a credit rating. A NBFC may get itself rated by any of the four rating agencies namely,
CRISIL, CARE, ICRA and FITCH Ratings India Pvt. Ltd.
What are the symbols of minimum investment grade rating of different companies?
The symbols of minimum investment grade rating of the Credit rating agencies are:
Name of rating agencies : Level of minimum investment grade credit rating (MIGR)
• CRISIL: FA- (FA MINUS)
• ICRA: MA- (MA MINUS)
• CARE: CARE BBB (FD)
• FITCH Ratings India Pvt. Ltd: tA-(ind)(FD)
• It may be added that A- is not equivalent to A, AA- is not equivalent to AA and AAA- is
not equivalent to AAA.
Can a NBFC which is yet to be rated accept public deposit?
No, a NBFC cannot accept deposit without rating except an EL/HP company complying with
prudential norms and having CRAR of 15%, though not rated, may accept public deposit up to
1.5 times of NOF or Rs 10 crore whichever is less.
When a company's rating is downgraded, does it have to bring down its level of public
deposits immediately or over a period of time?
If rating of a NBFC is downgraded to below minimum investment grade rating, it has to stop
accepting public deposit, report the position within fifteen working days to the RBI and reduce
within three years from the date of such downgrading of credit rating, the amount of excess
public deposit to nil or to the appropriate extent permissible under paragraph 4(4) of Non-
Banking Financial Companies Acceptance of Public Deposits ( Reserve Bank) Directions, 1998;
however such NBFC can renew the matured public deposits subject to repayment stipulations
specified above and compliance with other conditions for acceptance of deposits.
In case a NBFC defaults in repayment of deposit what course of action can be taken by
depositors?
If a NBFC defaults in repayment of deposit, the depositor can approach Company Law Board or
Consumer Forum or file a civil suit to recover the deposits.
What is the role of Company Law Board in protecting the interest of depositors? How one
can approach it?
Where a non-banking financial company fails to repay any deposit or part thereof in accordance
with the terms and conditions of such deposit, the Company Law Board (CLB) either on its own
motion or on an application from the depositor directs, by order, the non-banking financial
company to make repayment of such deposit or part thereof forthwith or within such time and
subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order.
As explained above the depositor can approach CLB by mailing an application in prescribed
form to the appropriate bench of the Company Law Board according to its territorial jurisdiction
with the prescribed fee.
We hear that in a number of cases official liquidators have been appointed on the
defaulting NBFCs. What is their role and how one can approach them?
Official Liquidator is appointed by the court after giving the company reasonable opportunity of
being heard in a winding up petition. The liquidator performs duties of winding up and such
duties in reference thereto as the court may impose.
Where the court has appointed an official liquidator or provisional liquidator, he becomes
custodian of the property of the company and runs the day-to-day affairs of the company.
He has to draw up a statement of affairs of the company in prescribed form containing particulars
of assets of the company, its debts and liabilities, names/residences/occupations of its creditors,
the debts due to the company and such other information as may be prescribed. The scheme is
drawn up by the liquidator and same is put up to the court for approval.
drawn up by the liquidator and same is put up to the court for approval.
The liquidator realises the assets of the company and arranges to repay the creditors according to
the scheme approved by the court. The liquidator generally inserts advertisement in the
newspaper inviting claims from depositors/investors in compliance with court orders. Therefore,
the investors/depositors should file the claims within due time as per such notices of the
liquidator.
The Reserve Bank also provides assistance to the depositors in furnishing addresses of the
official liquidator.
Consumer courts play a useful role in attending to depositors problems. Can one approach
consumer forum, civil court, CLB simultaneously?
Yes, a depositor can approach any or all of the redressal authorities i.e consumer forum, court or
CLB.
Is there an Ombudsman for hearing complaints against NBFCs?
No, there is no Ombudsman for hearing complaints against NBFCs.
What are various prudential regulations applicable to NBFCs?
The Bank has issued detailed directions on prudential norms, vide Non-Banking Financial
Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 1998. The directions interalia,
prescribe guidelines on income recognition, asset classification and provisioning requirements
applicable to NBFCs, exposure norms, constitution of audit committee, disclosures in the
balance sheet, requirement of capital adequacy, restrictions on investments in land and building
and unquoted shares.
Please explain the terms 'owned fund' and 'net owned fund' in relation to NBFCs?
'Owned Fund' means aggregate of the paid-up equity capital and free reserves as disclosed in the
latest balance sheet of the company after deducting therefrom accumulated balance of loss,
deferred revenue expenditure and other intangible assets.
The amount of investments of such company in shares of its subsidiaries, companies in the same
group and all other NBFCs and the book value of debentures, bonds, outstanding loans and
advances made to and deposits with subsidiaries and companies in the same group is arrived at.
The amount thus calculated, to the extent it exceeds 10% of the owned fund, is reduced from the
amount of owned fund to arrive at 'Net Owned Fund'.
What are the responsibilities of the NBFCs accepting/holding public deposits with regard
to submission of Returns and other information to RBI?
The NBFCs accepting public deposits should furnish to RBI:
• i. Audited balance sheet of each financial year and an audited profit and loss account in
respect of that year as passed in the general meeting together with a copy of the report of
the Board of Directors and a copy of the report and the notes on accounts furnished by its
Auditors;
• ii. Statutory Annual Return on deposits - NBS 1;
• iii. Certificate from the Auditors that the company is in a position to repay the deposits as
and when the claims arise;
• iv. Quarterly Return on liquid assets;
• v. Half-yearly Return on prudential norms;
• vii. Half-yearly ALM Returns by companies having public deposits of Rs 20 crore and
above or with assets of Rs 100 crore and above irrespective of the size of deposits ;
• viii. Monthly return on exposure to capital market by companies having public deposits
of Rs 50 crore and above; and
• ix. A copy of the Credit Rating obtained once a year along with one of the Half-yearly
Returns on prudential norms as at (v) above.
What are the documents or the compliance required to be submitted to the Reserve Bank
of India by the NBFCs not accepting/holding public deposits?
The NBFCs having assets size of Rs 100 crore and above but not accepting public deposits are
required to submit a Monthly Return on important financial parameters of the company. All
companies not accepting public deposits have to pass a board resolution to the effect that they
have neither accepted public deposit nor would accept any public deposit during the year.
However, all the NBFCs (other than those exempted) are required to be registered with RBI and
also make sure that they continue to be eligible to remain Registered. Further, all NBFCs
(including non-deposit taking) should submit a certificate from their Statutory Auditors every
(including non-deposit taking) should submit a certificate from their Statutory Auditors every
year to the effect that they continue to undertake the business of NBFI requiring holding of CoR
under Section 45-IA of the RBI Act, 1934.
RBI has powers to cause Inspection of the books of any company and call for any other
information about its business activities.
For this purpose, the NBFC is required to furnish the information in respect of any change in the
composition of its board of directors, address of the company and its directors and the name/s
and official designations of its principal officers and the name and office address of its auditors.
With effect from April 1, 2007 non-deposit taking NBFCs with assets size of Rs 100 crore and
above have been advised to maintain minimum CRAR of 10% and shall also be subject to
single/group exposure norms.
The NBFCs have been made liable to pay interest on the overdue matured deposits if the
company has not been able to repay the matured public deposits on receipt of a claim from
the depositor. Please elaborate the provisions.
As per Reserve Bank's directions, overdue interest is payable to the depositors in case the
company has delayed the repayment of matured deposits, and such interest is payable from the
date of receipt of such claim by the company or the date of maturity of the deposit whichever is
later, till the date of actual payment. If the depositor has lodged his claim after the date of
maturity, the company would be liable to pay interest for the period from the date of claim till the
date of repayment. For the period between the date of maturity and the date of claim it is the
discretion of the company to pay interest.
Can a company pre-pay its public deposits?
A NBFC accepts deposits under a mutual contract with its depositors.
In case a depositor requests for pre-mature payment, Reserve Bank of India has prescribed
Regulations for such an eventuality in the Non-Banking Financial Companies Acceptance of
Public Deposits (Reserve Bank) Directions, 1998 wherein it is specified that NBFCs cannot grant
any loan against a public deposit or make premature repayment of a public deposit within a
period of three months (lock-in period) from the date of its acceptance, however in the event of
death of a depositor, the company may, even within the lock - in period, repay the deposit at the
request of the joint holders with survivor clause / nominee / legal heir only against submission of
relevant proof, to the satisfaction of the company.
An NBFC subject to above provisions, if it is not a problem company, may permit after the lock-
in period premature repayment of a public deposit at its sole discretion, at the rate of interest
prescribed by the Bank.
A problem NBFC is prohibited from making premature repayment of any deposits or granting
any loan against public deposits/deposits, as the case may be. The prohibition shall not, however,
apply in the case of death of depositor or repayment of tiny deposits i.e. up to Rs 10,000 subject
to lock-in period of 3 months in the latter case.
What is the liquid asset requirement for the deposit taking companies? Where these assets
are kept? Does Depositors have any claims on them?
In terms of Section 45-IB of the RBI Act, 1934 the minimum level of liquid asset to be
maintained by NBFCs is 15 per cent of public deposits outstanding as on the last working day of
the second preceding quarter.
Of the 15%, NBFCs are required to invest not less than 10% in approved securities and the
remaining 5% can be in unencumbered term deposits with any scheduled commercial bank.
Thus, the liquid assets may consist of government securities, government guaranteed bonds and
term deposits with any scheduled commercial bank.
The investment in government securities should be in dematerialised form which can be
maintained in Constituents' Subsidiary General Ledger (CSGL) Account with a scheduled
commercial bank (SCB) / Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited (SHICL). In case of
Government guaranteed bonds the same may be kept in dematerialised form with SCB/SHCIL or
in a dematerialised account with depositories [National Securities Depository Ltd.
(NSDL)/Central Depository Services (India) Ltd. (CDSL)] through a depository participant
registered with Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI). However in case there are
Government bonds which are in physical form the same may be kept in safe custody of
SCB/SHCIL.
NBFCs have been directed to maintain the mandated liquid asset securities in a dematerialised
form with the entities stated above at a place where the registered office of the company is
form with the entities stated above at a place where the registered office of the company is
situated. However, if a NBFC intends to entrust the securities at a place other than the place at
which its registered office is located, it may do so after obtaining in writing the permission of
RBI. It may be noted that the liquid assets in approved securities will have to be maintained in
dematerialised form only.
The liquid assets maintained as above are to be utilised for payment of claims of depositors.
However, deposit being unsecured in nature depositors do not have direct claim on liquid assets.
Please tell us something about the companies which are NBFCs, but are exempted from
registration?
Housing Finance Companies, Merchant Banking Companies, Stock Exchanges, Companies
engaged in the business of stock-broking/sub-broking, Venture Capital Fund Companies, Nidhi
Companies, Insurance companies and Chit Fund Companies are NBFCs but they have been
exempted from the requirement of registration under Section 45-IA of the RBI Act, 1934 subject
to certain conditions.
Housing Finance Companies are regulated by National Housing Bank, Merchant Banker/Venture
Capital Fund Company/stock-exchanges/stock brokers/sub-brokers are regulated by Securities
and Exchange Board of India, Insurance companies are regulated by Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority. Similarly, Chit Companies are regulated by the respective State
Governments and Nidhi Companies are regulated by Ministry of Company Affairs, Government
of India.
There are some entities (not companies) which carry on activities like that of NBFCs. Are
they allowed to take deposit? Who regulates them?
Any person who is an individual or a firm or unincorporated association of individual cannot
accept deposit except by way of loan from relatives, if his/its business wholly or partly includes
business that of loan, investment, hire-purchase or leasing company or principal business is that
of receiving of deposits under any scheme or arrangement or in any manner or lending in any
manner.
What is a Residuary Non-Banking Company (RNBC)? In what way it is different from
other NBFCs?
Residuary Non-Banking Company is a class of NBFC which is a company and has as its
principal business the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other
manner and not being investment, asset financing, loan company.
These companies are required to maintain investments as per directions of RBI, in addition to
liquid assets. The functioning of these companies is different from those of NBFCs in terms of
method of mobilisation of deposits and requirement of deployment of depositors' funds.
However, Prudential Norms Directions are applicable to these companies also.
We understand that there is no ceiling on raising of deposits by RNBCs, then how safe is
deposit with them?
It is true that there is no ceiling on raising of deposits by RNBCs but every RNBC has to ensure
that the amounts deposited and investments made by the company are not less that the aggregate
amount of liabilities to the depositors.
To secure the interest of depositor, such companies are required to invest in a portfolio
comprising of highly liquid and secured instruments viz. Central/State Government securities,
fixed deposit of scheduled commercial banks (SCB), Certificate of deposits of SCB/FIs, units of
Mutual Funds, etc.
Can RNBC forfeit deposit if deposit installments are not paid regularly or discontinued?
No Residuary Non-Banking Company shall forfeit any amount deposited by depositor, or any
interest, premium, bonus or other advantage accrued thereon.
Please tell us something on rate of interest payable by RNBCs on deposits and maturity
period of deposits?
The amount payable by way of interest, premium, bonus or other advantage, by whatever name
called by a residuary non-banking company in respect of deposits received shall not be less than
the amount calculated at the rate of 5% (to be compounded annually) on the amount deposited in
lump sum or at monthly or longer intervals; and at the rate of 3.5% (to be compounded annually)
on the amount deposited under daily deposit scheme.
Further, an RNBC can accept deposits for a minimum period of 12 months and maximum period
of 84 months from the date of receipt of such deposit. They cannot accept deposits repayable on
of 84 months from the date of receipt of such deposit. They cannot accept deposits repayable on
demand.
 The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was set up in March 2007 as a
statutory body under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 (4 of 2006), an Act of
Parliament (December 2005). It was set up to protect, promote and defend child rights in the country.
The functions of the Commission as laid out in the Act are as follows:
1. The Commission shall perform all or any of the following functions, namely;
b. Examine and review the safeguards provided by or under any law for the time being in
force for the protection of child rights and recommend measures for their effective
implementation
c. Present to the Central Government, annually and at such other intervals, as the
Commission may deem fit, Reports upon the working of those safeguards
d. Inquire into violation of child rights and recommend initiation of proceedings in such
cases
e. Examine all factors that inhibit the enjoyment of rights of children affected by
terrorism, communal violence, riots, natural disasters, domestic violence, HIV/ AIDS,
trafficking, maltreatment, torture and exploitation, pornography, and prostitution and
recommend appropriate remedial measures
f. Look into matters relating to children in need of special care and protection, including
children in distress, marginalised and disadvantaged children, children in conflict with
law, juveniles, children without family and children of prisoners and recommend
appropriate remedial measures
g. Study treaties and other international instruments and undertake periodic review of
existing policies, programmes, and other activities on child rights and make
recommendations for their effective implementation in the best interest of children
h. Undertake and promote research in the field of child rights
i. Spread child rights literacy among various sections of society and promote awareness of
the safeguards available for protection of these rights through publications, media,
seminars and other available means
j. Inspect or cause to be inspected any juvenile custodial home or any other place of
residence or institution meant for children, under the control of the Central
Government or any State Government or any other authority including any institution
run by a social organization, where children are detained or lodged for the purpose of
treatment, reformation or protection and take up with these authorities for remedial
action, if found necessary
k. Inquire into complaints and take sup moto notice of matters related to:
i. Deprivation and violation of child rights
ii. Non implementation of laws providing for protection and development of
children
iii. Non compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instructions aimed at
mitigating hardships to and ensuring welfare of the children and to provide
relief to such children or take up the issues arising out of such matters with
appropriate authorities
l. Such other functions as it may consider necessary for the promotion of child rights and
any other matter incidental to the above functions
m. Supervisory role under RTI Act
The Commission shall not inquire into any matter which is pending before a State Commission or
any other Commission duly constituted under any law for the time being in force.
The Commission shall consist of the following Members, namely :- (a) a Chairperson who is a
person of eminence and has done outstanding work for promoting the welfare of children; and
(b) six Members, out of which at least two shall be women, from the following fields, to be
appointed by the Central Government from amongst persons of eminence, ability, integrity,
standing and experience in, - (i) education; (ii) child health, care, welfare or child
development; (iii) juvenile justice or care of neglected or marginalized children or children with
disabilities; (iv) elimination of child labour or children in distress; (v) child psychology or
sociology; and (vi) laws relating to children.

(3) The office of the Commission shall be at Delhi.

The Central Government shall, by notification, appoint the Chairperson and other Members: Provided that the
Chairperson shall be appointed on the recommendation of a three member Selection Committee constituted by the
Central Government under the Chairmanship of the Minister in-charge of the Ministry of Human Resource
Central Government under the Chairmanship of the Minister in-charge of the Ministry of Human Resource
Development.
A State Government may constitute a body (National Commission is mandatory whereas State Commission is not)
2) The State Commission shall consist of the following Members, namely: - (a) a Chairperson who is a person of
eminence and has done outstanding work for promoting the welfare of children; and (b) six Members, out of which
at least two shall be women, from the following fields, to be appointed by the State Government from amongst
persons of eminence, ability, integrity, standing and experience in,- (i) education; (ii) child health, care, welfare or
child development; (iii) juvenile justice or care of neglected or marginalized children or children with disabilities;
(iv) elimination of child labour or children in distress; (v) child psychology or sociology; and (vi) laws relating to
children.

(3) The headquarter of the State Commission shall be at such place as the State Government may, by notification,
specify.

18. Appointment of Chairperson and other Members.-The State Government shall, by notification, appoint the
Chairperson and other Members: Provided that the Chairperson shall be appointed on the recommendation of a three
Member Selection Committee constituted by the State Government under the Chairmanship of the Minister in-
charge of the Department dealing with children
About N.C.P.E.D.P.
National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (N.C.P.E.D.P.) was registered
as a Trust in 1996, with a Board of Management which has representation from industry,
N.G.O.s, disabled people and international agencies. N.C.P.E.D.P. stresses the need to move
away from traditionally held views of charity and welfare to those of productivity and
empowerment of disabled people.
Our mandate
• Encourage the employment of disabled people.
• Increase public awareness on disability issues.
• Empower disabled people through appropriate legislation.
• Equip disabled people with educational opportunities.
• Ensure easy and convenient access to all public places.
Some of our achievements
• Getting disability included in the Population Census of 2001.
• Sensitising the corporate world about employing disabled people.
• Making the University Grants Commission announce schemes for promoting higher
education for people with disability.
• NCPEDP's campaign for access during Stephen Hawking's visit.
• Partnering with Council of Architecture to ensure that disability forms a part of the
curriculum for future architects.
Genesis

The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was founded in 1965 to replace
exploitation with empowerment, tradition with modernity, stagnation with growth,
transforming dairying into an instrument for the development of India's rural people.

The National Dairy Development Board is an institution of national importance set up by an Act
of Parliament of India. The main office is located in Anand, Gujarat with regional offices
throughout the country. NDDB's subsidiaries include Mother Dairy, Delhi.

It was founded by Dr. Verghese Kurien and Dr. Amrita Patel is the current Chairman of the
National Dairy Development Board, Anand.

The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was created in 1965, fulfilling the desire of
the then Prime Minister of India - the late Lal Bahadur Shastri - to extend the success of the
Kaira Cooperative Milk Producers' Union (Amul) to other parts of India.

NDDB has now integrated 96,000 dairy co-operatives in what it calls the Anand Pattern,
linking the village society to the state federations in a three-tier structure.

The Anand Pattern

Maximizing farmer profit and productivity through cooperative effort is the hallmark of
the Anand Pattern.

The Anand Pattern is an integrated cooperative structure that procures, processes and markets
produce. Supported by professional management, producers decide their own business policies,
adopt modern production and marketing techniques and receive services that they can
individually neither afford nor manage.
The Anand Pattern succeeds because it involves people in their own development through
cooperatives where professionals are accountable to leaders elected by producers. The
institutional infrastructure -- village cooperative, dairy and cattle feed plants, state and
national marketing -- is owned and controlled by farmers.
Anand Pattern cooperatives have progressively, linked producers directly with consumers.
Three tier structure
Village Society
An Anand Pattern village dairy cooperative society (DCS) is formed by milk producers. Any
producer can become a DCS member by buying a share and committing to sell milk only to the
society. Each DCS has a milk collection centre where members take milk every day. Each
member's milk is tested for quality with payments based on the percentage of fat and SNF. At
the end of each year, a portion of the DCS profits is used to pay each member a patronage
bonus based on the quantity of milk poured.
The District Union
A District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is owned by dairy cooperative societies. The
Union buys all the societies' milk, then processes and markets fluid milk and products. Most
Union buys all the societies' milk, then processes and markets fluid milk and products. Most
Unions also provide a range of inputs and services to DCSs and their members: feed, veterinary
care, artificial insemination to sustain the growth of milk production and the cooperatives'
business. Union staff train and provide consulting services to support DCS leaders and staff.
The State Federation
The cooperative milk producers' unions in a state form, a State Federation, which is responsible
for marketing the fluid milk and products of member unions. Some federations also
manufacture feed and support other union activities.

NDDB launched its Perspective Plan 2010 with four thrust areas: Quality Assurance,
Productivity Enhancement, Institution Building and National Information Network.
NDDB began its operations with the mission of making dairying a vehicle to a better future for
millions of grassroots milk producers. The mission achieved thrust and direction with the
launching of "Operation Flood", a programme extending over 26 years and which used World
Bank loan to finance India's emergence as the world's largest milk producing nation. Operation
Flood's third phase was completed in 1996 and has to its credit a number of significant
achievements.

As on March 2009, India's 1,33,349 village dairy cooperatives federated into 177 milk unions
and 15 federations procured on an average 25.1 million litres of milk every day. 13.9 million
farmers are presently members of village dairy cooperatives.
Since its inception, the Dairy Board has planned and spearheaded India's dairy programmes by
placing dairy development in the hands of milk producers and the professionals they employ to
manage their cooperatives. In addition, NDDB also promotes other commodity-based
cooperatives, allied industries and veterinary biologicals on an intensive and nation-wide basis.

Dr (Ms) Amrita Patel is the Chairman of NDDB.

Operation Flood: one of the world's largest rural development programmes

Launched in 1970, Operation Flood has helped dairy farmers direct their own development,
placing control of the resources they create in their own hands. A National Milk Grid links
milk producers throughout India with consumers in over 700 towns and cities, reducing
seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that the producer gets fair market prices
in a transparent manner on a regular basis.
The bedrock of Operation Flood has been village milk producers' cooperatives, which
procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology
available to members. Operation Flood's objectives included :
• Increase milk production ("a flood of milk")
• Augment rural incomes
• Reasonable prices for consumers

Programme Implementation
Operation Flood was implemented
in three phases.
Phase I Phase I (1970-1980) was financed by the sale of skimmed
milk powder and butter oil gifted by the European Union
 milk powder and butter oil gifted by the European Union
then EEC through the World Food Programme. NDDB
planned the programme and negotiated the details of EEC
assistance.
During its first phase, Operation Flood linked 18 of India's
premier milksheds with consumers in India's four major
metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.
Phase II Operation Flood's Phase II (1981-85) increased the milk
sheds from 18 to 136; 290 urban markets expanded the
outlets for milk. By the end of 1985, a self-sustaining
system of 43,000 village cooperatives covering 4.25
million milk producers had become a reality. Domestic
milk powder production increased from 22,000 tons in the
pre-project year to 140,000 tons by 1989, all of the
increase coming from dairies set up under Operation
Flood. In this way EEC gifts and World Bank loan helped
to promote self-reliance. Direct marketing of milk by
producers' cooperatives increased by several million litres
a day.
Phase III Phase III (1985-1996) enabled dairy cooperatives to
expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to
procure and market increasing volumes of milk.
Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed and artificial
insemination services for cooperative members were
extended, along with intensified member education.

Operation Flood's Phase

III consolidated India's dairy
cooperative movement, adding
30,000 new dairy cooperatives to
the 42,000 existing societies
organised during Phase II.
Milksheds peaked to 173 in 1988-89
with the numbers of women
members and Women's Dairy
Cooperative Societies increasing
significantly.
Phase III gave increased emphasis
to research and development in
animal health and animal nutrition.
Innovations like vaccine for
Theileriosis , bypass protein feed
and urea-molasses mineral blocks,
all contributed to the enhanced
productivity of milch animals.
From the outset, Operation Flood
was conceived and implemented as
much more than a dairy
programme. Rather, dairying was
seen as an instrument of
development, generating
employment and regular incomes
for millions of rural people.
"Operation Flood can be viewed
"Operation Flood can be viewed
as a twenty year experiment
confirming the Rural
Development Vision" ( World
Bank Report 1997c.)
In the year 1987-88, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan(NYKS) was set up as an autonomous organization under
the Government of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, to oversee working of these Kendras. NYKS is the
largest grassroots level voluntary organization; one of its kind in the world. It channelizes the power of youth who
are in the age group of 13-35 years on the principles of voluntarism, self-help and community participation.
Over the years, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan has established a network of youth clubs in villages, where Nehru
Yuva Kendras have been set up. NYKS has targeted to identify areas of harnessing youth power for development
by forming Youth Clubs, which are village level voluntary action groups of youth at the grassroots level to involve
them in nation building activities. The core strength of NYKS lies in its network of youth clubs. Youth Clubs are
village based organizations working for community development and youth empowerment.

Youth Clubs are composed of youth members ranging between the age group of 15-35 years. The basic objective
for creation of youth clubs is to render community support through developmental initiatives involving activities
with particular focus on youth empowerment. The implementation of programmes and activities of youth clubs is
based on local needs and requirements by mobilizing resources from various government departments and other
agencies, which include both national, State level and multilateral institutions. The youth clubs and its member
volunteers form the base of the NYKS's vast national rural network.

Objectives and Vision:

Objectives of Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) are two fold :-
•To involve the rural youth in nation building activities.
•To develop such skills and values in them with which they become responsible and productive
citizens of a modern, secular and technological nation.

Vision of the organization focuses on developing long term strategies for good citizenship and
youth leadership at the grass root level. Youth Clubs are formed and encouraged to participate in
sports, cultural and local development activities. Youth leadership is developed in the course of
formation and sustenance of youth clubs. This leadership becomes highly useful in creating:-
YKS is :
The largest non-political youth organization of its kind in the world;
It caters to the needs of more than 80 lakh non-student rural youth in the age group of 13-35
years;
2.20 lakh voluntary village level youth organizations affilated to NYKS;
It has 2551 Youth Development Centres (YDCs);
It has 139 Rural Information Technology Youth Development Centres ( RITYDCs).
By it, 17000 Trained volunteers are enrolled every year.
It has 501 offices all over the country at district headquarters.
It reaches out to each and every part of India throuth its wide network in villages.
The News Broadcasters Association (NBA) represents the private television news & current affairs
broadcasters. It is the collective voice of the news & current affairs broadcasters in India. It is an organization
funded entirely by its members. The NBA has presently 20 leading news and current affairs broadcasters
(comprising 45 news and current affairs channels) as its members. The NBA presents a unified and credible voice
before the Government, on matters that affect the growing industry.
Objectives of the News Broadcasters Association (NBA)

• To promote, aid, help, encourage, develop, protect and secure the interests of the News Broadcasters
in the Indian television Industry and other related entities.
• To promote awareness about the latest developments in the television industry relating to News
Broadcasting and to disseminate knowledge amongst its members and the general public regarding
such developments.
• To provide for the members a place of meeting so as to enable them to work in consensus to achieve
common goals for the overall betterment of their industry and to have a common platform/forum at
which they may air their grievances and arrive at solutions.
• To promote the growth of friendly relations amongst the members and amongst persons engaged in
the production and broadcasting of the television software and especially to encourage co-operation
among the members so as to maximize mutual benefits.
• To protect all its members from persons or entities who carry on unfair and/or unethical practices or
who discredit the television industry.
• No objects of the Company will be carried out without obtaining prior approval/ NOC from the
concerned authority, wherever required.
• None of the main objects shall be carried out on commercial basis.

8 members as Board of Director (including President and Vice President)

News Broadcasting Standards Authority
Any person aggrieved by any breach by a Member or an Associate Member of the News Broadcasters Association
("NBA") of the Code of Ethics & Broadcasting Standards ("Code") laid down by the NBA in relation to any
programme broadcast by such Member/Associate Member, has a right to file a complaint in that regard before the
News Broadcasting Standards Authority ("Authority").

Before a complaint is made to the Authority however, it is compulsory for the person aggrieved to first make a
formal complaint to the concerned broadcaster; and if not satisfied with the broadcaster's response, a complaint
may be made before the Authority.

This booklet explains how the disputes redressal procedure works and the role of the Authority in adjudicate upon
such complaints.

What is the News Broadcasting Standards Authority?

The News Broadcasting Standards Authority is an independent body set up by the News Broadcasters Association.
Its task is to consider and adjudicate upon complaints about broadcasts. The Authority comprises:

• A Chairperson, being an eminent jurist, currently former CJI J S Verma ;

• Four eminent persons having special knowledge and/or practical experience in the field of law, education,
medicine, science, literature, public administration, consumer affairs, environment, human psychology
and/or culture ; and
• Four eminent editors employed with a broadcaster.

The Code of Ethics and Broadcasting Standards laid down by the NBA for violation of which a complaint may be
made, include the following editorial principl
Who can make a complaint?

Any person aggrieved can make a complaint to the Authority in regard to a programme broadcast by a Member /
Associate Member of the NBA
What can I complain about?

You may complain of any breach of the Code, including the following Principles of Self Regulation contained in the
Code :
• Impartiality and objectivity in reporting
• Ensuring neutrality
• Reporting on crime and safeguards to ensure crime and violence are not glorified
• Depiction of violence or intimidation against women and children
 • Depiction of violence or intimidation against women and children
• Sex and nudity
• Privacy
• Endangering national security
• Refraining from advocating or encouraging superstition and occultism
• Sting operations

What will happen to your complaint?

Not later than 14 (fourteen) days from the date of receipt of a complaint complete in all respects, the Authority will
issue notice to the concerned broadcaster to show cause why action should not be taken under the Regulations.
National Foundation for Communal Harmony (NFCH) was set up as an autonomous
organisation under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, and registered on the 19th February,
1992 with the main objective of providing assistance for the physical and psychological
rehabilitation of the child victims of communal, caste, ethnic or terrorist violence, with special
reference to their care, education and training besides promoting communal harmony, fraternity
and national integration. The Home Minister is ex-officio chairman of the Governing Council
of the Foundation. The Governing Council decides broad policies, suggests measures for
achieving its objectives and exercises overall supervision over the Foundation. The ex-
officio chairman of the Executive Council of the Foundation is the Secretary, Ministry of Home
Affairs. The management and administration of the Foundation rests with the Executive
Council. The Secretary of the Foundation is its principal executive officer.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• To provide financial assistance to the child victims of societal violence for their care,
education & training, aimed at their effective rehabilitation.
• To promote communal harmony and national integration by organizing variety
of activities either independently or in association with educational institutions, NGOs &
other organizations.
• To conduct studies and grant scholarships to institutions/ scholars for conducting studies.
• •To confer awards for outstanding contribution to communal harmony and national
integration.( NationalCommunal Harmony Awards)
• •To involve central/state governments/ UT Administrations, industrial/ commercial
organizations, NGOs and others in promoting the objectives of the Foundation.
• •To provide information services, publish monographs and books, etc. on the subject.
DOEACC Society (now NIELIT-National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology)is
implementing a joint scheme of All India Council for Technical Education and Department of
Information Technology (formerly Department of Electronics (DOE)), Government of India. The
objective of the Scheme is to develop quality manpower in IT by utilizing the expertise available
with the computer training institutes who are granted accreditation for conducting specified
Levels of courses, subject to their meeting well-defined norms and criteria.
DOEACC is an autonomous body of the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of
Communications & Information Technology, Government of India with Head Quarters at New
Delhi. It is envisioned to bring the most updated global industry relevant computer education,
within the reach of more and more in the areas of Information, Electronics and Communication
Technology (IECT).
Realising the wide gap in the availability of quality computer professionals to meet India's
ambitious leadership plans in software exports, the society has revolutionised computer
knowledge dissemination, by offering its meticulously prepared curriculum through the non-
formal sector. A fact that is perhaps best echoed by the whole-hearted support to the curriculum,
by leading IT professionals and educationists. A unique feature of the curriculum, is horizontal
entry to students from non-accredited institutes, so a student with a certain minimum level of
computer knowledge need not start at the foundation 'O' level.

1. An IT Literacy course namely, Course on Computer Concepts (CCC) is offered by the Society
all over the country
2. The other level of courses are:
O Level ​Equivalent to Foundation level course
A Level ​Equivalent to Advanced Diploma in Computer Applications
B Level ​Equivalent MCA Level
C Level ​M. Tech Level
OBJECTIVES

• Establish itself as an Institution of excellence for imparting education and training to

generate quality manpower in the areas of Information, Electronics and Communications
Technology (IECT).
• Facilitate education and training Institutions in the non-formal sector.
• Develop a mechanism for dynamic revision of course curricula and development of
learning materials in the textbook, CD-ROM and web-based form.
• Establish a quality system for examination, evaluation and certification at the national
and international level.
• Ensure a system of accreditation of courses and their monitoring at the institutes.
• Network with national educational institutes of excellence to share best practices.
• Undertake international collaboration programmes in emerging areas to upgrade
Education and Training.
• Promote Education and Training in Indian languages.
• Impart continuing education/refresher training/re-training and corporate training to
engineering graduates, working professionals and others.
• Develop and implement new schemes of Courses in emerging areas as required by
Industry and others.
• Undertake development projects and provide services in IT and related areas.
• Develop training programmes to promote self-employment and entrepreneurship.
• Develop training programmes to promote self-employment and entrepreneurship.
• Develop and establish a system for web-based delivery of education and training.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India was established on April 12, 1992 in accordance
with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
Functions and responsibilities
SEBI has to be responsive to the needs of three groups, which constitute the market:
• the issuers of securities
• the investors
• the market intermediaries.
SEBI has three functions rolled into one body: quasi-legislative, quasi-judicial and quasi-executive. It
drafts regulations in its legislative capacity, it conducts investigation and enforcement action in its
executive function and it passes rulings and orders in its judicial capacity. Though this makes it very
powerful, there is an appeal process to create accountability. There is a Securities Appellate Tribunal
which is a three-member tribunal and is presently headed by a former Chief Justice of a High court - Mr.
Justice NK Sodhi. A second appeal lies directly to the Supreme Court.

Powers
For the discharge of its functions efficiently, SEBI has been invested with the necessary powers which
are:
1. to approve by−laws of stock exchanges.
2. to require the stock exchange to amend their by−laws.
3. inspect the books of accounts and call for periodical returns from recognized stock exchanges.
4. inspect the books of accounts of a financial intermediaries.
5. compel certain companies to list their shares in one or more stock exchanges.
6. levy fees and other charges on the intermediaries for performing its functions.
7. grant license to any person for the purpose of dealing in certain areas.
8. delegate powers exercisable by it.
9. prosecute and judge directly the violation of certain provisions of the companies Act.
10. power to impose monetry penalties.
Serious Fraud Investigation Office

The SFIO is a multi-disciplinary organization under Ministry of Corporate Affairs, consisting

of experts in the field of accountancy, forensic auditing, law, information technology,
investigation, company law, capital market and taxation for detecting and prosecuting or
recommending for prosecution white-collar crimes/frauds. Instituted in 2003 post Naresh
Chandra Committee report. The SFIO will normally take up for investigation only such cases,
which are characterized by
• complexity and having inter-departmental and multi-disciplinary ramifications ;
• substantial involvement of public interest to be judged by size, either in terms of
monetary misappropriation or in terms of persons affected, and;
• the possibility of investigation leading to or contributing towards a clear improvement
in systems, laws or procedures. The SFIO shall investigate serious cases of fraud
received from Department of company Affairs.
CHARTER & RESPONSIBILITIES OF SFIO

SFIO does not initiate any investigation on its own, based on any complaints/documents
received from any source. The cases are taken up for investigation as are orderd for investigation
by the Government i.e. Ministry of Corporate Affairs under section 235, 237, 239 and 247 of the
Companies Act,1956.
Evaluation
• non-statutory body
• powers are largely restricted to examination of documents and it does not have the
powers of search, seizure and arrest despite the tough remit set for the SFIO and the
complex nature of the cases handled by it
• operates within an elaborate matrix of investigating bodies with overlapping authority
over such cases; the CBI, the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, the Reserve Bank of
India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
• inadequacy of resources and manpower devoted to it by the Central government
Companies Bill 2012
• SFIO will be a statutory body with the ability to initiate prosecution when directed by the
Central government
• The investigation report filed by the SFIO with the criminal court, for framing of charges,
will be deemed to be a report filed by the police under the Code of Criminal Procedure.
This measure will avoid duplication of duties and delay.
• The director of the SFIO will have the power to arrest persons if he has reason to believe
that such persons are guilty of certain offences, including fraud under the Companies Bill.
• An investigator of the SFIO will have the powers vested in a civil court under the Code
of Civil Procedure with respect to discovery and production of books of accounts and
other documents, the inspection of books, registers and other documents and the
summoning of and enforcing of attendance of persons- Quasi Judicial status
• Significantly, the Bill attempts to pre-empt the confusion caused by multiple agencies
investigating the same case. Where a case has been assigned to the SFIO, no other
investigating agency of the Central or the State government is to proceed with
investigation.
• Further, any other investigating agency, State government, police or income tax authority
having information or documents with respect to an offence being investigated by the
SFIO is required to make such documents available to the SFIO.
Evaluation of Bill
• While the new framework is a definite step forward, the dependence on the Central
government to institute investigations is of some concern. Additionally, the SFIO may
 government to institute investigations is of some concern. Additionally, the SFIO may
initiate prosecution only when the Central government directs it to do so. The alleged
involvement of politicos in the Saradha scam, as well as the recent uproar over the
government’s interference with the CBI investigation into Coalgate, sharply highlights
the danger of such dependence.
• The changes contemplated by the Companies Bill are of import only after a scandal
breaks out. These measures are not pre-emptive in nature and they are not likely to have a
significant effect on the stage at which the government becomes aware of a fraudulent
scheme in motion. There is, therefore, an imperative need to strengthen scrutiny at the
level of the Registrar of Companies — the first level of detecting the problem. An SFIO
investigation may be based on a Registrar’s report that a company’s affairs are being
carried out in an unsatisfactory manner.
When was SIDBI established?
Ans. SIDBI was established on April 2, 1990 under an act of Parliament.
What is the business domain of SIDBI?
Ans. The business domain of SIDBI consists of small scale industrial units (Units in which the
investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 1 crore). In addition, SIDBI's assistance
flows to the transport, health care, hotel and tourism sectors, infrastructure, etc, and also to the
professional and self-employed persons setting up small-sized professional ventures.
Objective
What are the objectives of SIDBI?
Ans.The preamble to the Small Industries Development Bank of India Act,1989 defines the
objective of SIDBI as:
"the principal financial institution for the promotion, financing and development of industry in
the small scale sector and to co-ordinate the functions of the institutions engaged in the
promotion and financing or developing the industry in the small scale sector and for the matters
connected therewith or incedental thereto."
In the SIDBI charter,four basic objectives are set out. They are:
• Financing
• Promotion
• Development
• Coordination

for orderly growth of industry in the small scale sector

 i. Particulars of Wildlife Crime Control Bureau:

​Enforcement of wildlife law is primarily done by the States, through the

Forest and Police departments. Due to inadequate infrastructure available with
State Governments, and considering the national as well as international
ramifications of wildlife crime, urgent need was felt to have an organization
with statutory powers to effectively deal with wildlife related crimes, under
the Ministry of Environment & Forests. The task force set up on the
recommendations of the National Board of Wildlife chaired by Hon. Prime
Minister, as well as the Department related Parliamentary Standing Committee
on Science and Technology, Environment & Forests, strongly emphasized
creation of a Wildlife Crime Control Bureau. Accordingly the Govt. of India
created the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) on 6/6/07 as a statutory
body under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to combat organized wildlife
crime.

The Bureau with its Headquarters at Delhi has five regional offices
(Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Jabalpur), three sub-regional offices
(Guwahati, Cochin, Amritsar) and five border units (Moreh, Nathula,
Motihari, Gorakhpur and Ramanathapuram). An indicative organogram is
shown as under:
Organogram of the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau

In its short existence despite a few teething problems, it has adopted a

pro-active strategy to avoid going down the negative spiral. Given the urgency
to conserve the endangered species, the Bureau has felt the need to shorten its
own learning curve by suitably adopting the learning curves of similar
organizations like Narcotics Control Bureau(NCB), Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI), Intelligence Bureau (IB), National Crime Records Bureau
(NCRB), Wildlife Institute of India(WII) etc, in order to reach its full potential
(NCRB), Wildlife Institute of India(WII) etc, in order to reach its full potential
in the shortest time.
​Since organized crime has three well defined layers of operation viz.
source, interim transactions involving processing-transportation and the final
consumption either within the country or outside, the Bureau should possess
the competence to effectively combat all the three fronts. The source is
extensive in a mega-biodiverse country like India across various ecological
zones. The sink is becoming extensive each day with the opening of the
global economy and the dynamic growth path of the country expressed
through enormous volume of external trade and consequently a large number
of international air/sea ports. In order to provide an effective coverage on
diverse fronts of enforcement over such vast source and sink and to effectively
supplement the States in the implementation of the provisions of the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972, the Bureau should have a matching footprint. Further
in order to synergize the enforcement efforts across the fragmented
jurisdiction of various State/Central agencies, at various levels, the single
window organization created in the form of the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
is getting upgraded on a war-footing.

ii. Powers and duties of officers and employees of WCCB:

Mandate of WCCB with Powers, Functions:

The powers and functions of the Bureau are defined u/s 38z of the Act as below:

(i) Collect and collate intelligence related to organized wildlife crime activities and
to disseminate the same to State and other enforcement agencies for immediate
action so as to apprehend the criminals and to establish a centralized wildlife crime
data bank;
(ii) Co-ordination of actions by various officers, State Governments and other
authorities in connection with the enforcement of the provisions of this Act, either
directly or through regional and border units set up by the Bureau;
(iii)Implementation of obligations under the various international Conventions and
protocols that are in force at present or which may be ratified or acceded to by
India in future;
(iv)Assistance to concerned authorities in foreign countries and concerned
international organizations to facilitate coordination and universal action for
wildlife crime control;
(v) Develop infrastructure and capacity building for scientific and professional
investigation into wildlife crimes and assist State Governments to ensure
success in prosecutions related to wildlife crimes;
(vi)Advise the Government of India on issues relating to wildlife crimes
having national and international ramifications, and suggest changes required
in relevant policy and laws from time to time.

iii. The procedure followed in the decision making process, including

channels of supervision and accountability:
FLOW CHART SHOWING PROCEDURE IN DECISION TAKING PROCESS IN WCCB
 iv. The norms set up for the discharge of duties is as under:

Vide this office memorandum no : 1-1/WCCB/2007/537 dated 12/02/2009 the

subject matters allocated to the Joint Directors and the Bureau in addition to other
works of the Bureau is as under:

Designation of the Officer Subject matters allocated

Joint Director (Forest/Wildlife) Administration & Establishment and legal matters

connected with service issues (LS-I), Training, CITES &
Exim Policy, Coordination with Forest/Wildlife
departments, Wildlife Crime Database, Parliament matters,
Wildlife Forensics.

Joint Director (Enforcement) Intelligence including Intelligence Database, Investigation,

Interpol matters, Coordination with Police/Defense
departments, Coordination with Central Bureau of
Investigation and Legal matters connected with
enforcement (LS-II), General Forensics.

Dy. Director CITES & Exim Policy, Wildlife Forensics, Database,

Preparation of Manuals, CITES Handbook, Alerts &
Advisories.
-2-
All India Council for Technical Education 1

All India Council for Technical Education

All India Council for Technical Education
Abbreviation AICTE

Formation November, 1945

Headquarters New Delhi

Location [1]
Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur, Mumbai, Chandigarh, Guwahati, Bhopal, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Gurgaon

Main organ Council

Affiliations Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development

Website [2]
Official website

Remarks Dr. S S Mantha, Chairperson (acting)

The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is the statutory body and a national-level council for
technical education, under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development.[3]
Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of
Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and
management education system in India. The AICTE accredits postgraduate and graduate programs under specific
[4]
categories at Indian institutions as per its charter.
It is assisted by 10 Statutory Boards of Studies, namely, UG Studies in Eng. & Tech., PG and Research in Eng. and
Tech., Management Studies, Vocational Education, Technical Education, Pharmaceutical Education, Architecture,
Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Information Technology, Town and Country Planning. The AICTE
has its headquarters in Indira Gandhi Sports Complex, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi, which has the offices of the
chairman, vice-chairman and the member secretary, plus it has regional offices at Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur,
[5]
Mumbai, Chandigarh, Guwahati, Bhopal and Bangalore, Hyderabad and Gurgaon.

Objectives

The AICTE Act of 1987

AICTE is vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and maintenance of norms and standards, quality
assurance through school accreditation, funding in priority areas, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of
certification and awards and ensuring coordinated and integrated development and management of technical
education in the country as part of the AICTE Act No. 52 of 1987.
The AICTE Act, stated verbatim reads:
To provide for establishment of an All India council for Technical Education with a view to the proper
planning and co-ordinated development of the technical education system throughout the country, the
promotion of qualitative improvement of such education in relation to planned quantitative growth and the
regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards in the technical education system and for matters
connected therewith.
All India Council for Technical Education 2

Current objective
In order to improve upon the present technical education system, the current objectives is to modify the engineering
curriculum as follows:
1. Greater emphasis on design oriented teaching, teaching of design methodologies, problem solving approach.
2. Greater exposure to industrial and manufacturing processes.
3. Exclusion of outmoded technologies and inclusion of the new appropriate and emerging technologies.
4. Greater input of management education and professional communication skills.

AICTE bureaus
The AICTE comprises nine bureaus, namely:
• Faculty Development (FD) Bureau
• Undergraduate Education (UG) Bureau
• Postgraduate Education and Research (PGER) Bureau
• Quality Assurance (QA) Bureau
• Planning and Co-ordination (PC) Bureau
• Research and Institutional Development (RID) Bureau
• Administration (Admin) Bureau
• Finance (Fin) Bureau
• Academic (Acad) Bureau
For each bureau, adviser is the bureau head who is assisted by technical officers and other supporting staff. The
multidiscipline technical officer and staff of the Council are on deputation or on contract from government
departments, University Grants Commission, academic institutions, etc.

Approved colleges
In 2004, there were 1,346 engineering colleges in India approved by AICTE with a seating capacity of 440,000. In
2008, there were 2388 engineering colleges, with a total student intake capacity of 8.2 lakh students and 1231
management institutes, with an annual intake capacity of 1.5 lakh students.
Other than engineering and MBA colleges, there were 1137 MCA, 1001 Pharmacy, 86 HMCT, 11 Applied arts and
crafts, and 285 PGDM institutes approved by AICTE. By the end of December 2008, the number of applications
pending to seek AICTE approval was 886 for engineering and technology, 250 for MBA, 834 for MCA, 120 for
Pharmacy, 124 for HMCT, and 1 for Applied arts and crafts: a total of 2237. It is hoped that out of these 2237
applications, more than 70% will get approval by 2009.Every year the admission procedure of AICTE approved
college get closed in the first week of October.
There are 69 private Universities as approved by AICTE.
All India Council for Technical Education 3

Plans for closing

In 2009, the Union Minister of Education formally communicated his intentions of closing down AICTE and related
body, the University Grants Commission (UGC).[6] This later led to reforms in the way the AICTE approves
institutes, and to estabishing the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) as an independent body.[7] As of 2012 the
AICTE still operates.

References
[1] Regional Offices (http:/ / www. aicte-india. org/ office. htm) AICTE website.
[2] http:/ / www. aicte-india. org/
[3] Technical Education Overview (http:/ / www. education. nic. in/ tech/ tech_overview. asp) Department of Higher Education
[4] AICTE Act (http:/ / www. aicte. ernet. in/ AICTEAct. htm& ei=RmACS8LoB8a9kAX_1_C2AQ& sa=X& oi=smap& resnum=1& ct=result&
cd=4& ved=0CAwQqwMoAw& usg=AFQjCNH_vY0_Q3MLUmibDPw65UwhFLb_Zw)
[5] National Level Councils (http:/ / www. education. nic. in/ tech/ tech_if-nlc. asp) Tech Ed., Department of Higher Education.
[6] "UGC, AICTE to be scrapped: Sibal" (http:/ / igovernment. in/ site/ UGC-AICTE-to-be-scrapped-Sibal/ ). iGovernment.in. . Retrieved 29
November 2011.
[7] "AICTE to revamp its approval system next week" (http:/ / www. business-standard. com/ india/ news/
aicte-to-revamp-its-approval-system-next-week/ 382076/ ). Business Standard. . Retrieved 29 November 2011.

External links
• All India Council for Technical Education (http://www.aicte-india.org/), official website
Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and Contributors

All India Council for Technical Education  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=481759334  Contributors: Aaditya 7, Ambuj.Saxena, Arbustoo, Arshadindia, Barek, Belasd,
Bigsuperindia, CaliEd, Ckatz, Coljsvirk, Crusoe8181, Daniel, Dbachmann, Delldot, Doctorbruno, Drbreznjev, Drmies, Ekabhishek, Euchiasmus, Ganeshk, Gauravsinghal2, Higherstudiesonline,
Iitmsriram, Irbisgreif, Iste Praetor, Jithusbox, Jovianeye, Jpg, Kbdesai, Kbsanjay, MaximvsDecimvs, Mereda, Mr link, Muhandes, Muxdevil, Naniwako, Narasimhanator, Ohconfucius, Pegship,
Poseidon123, RichardF, Ronz, Salih, Sashish007, ScottyBerg, Shyamsunder, Siddhartha Ghai, Sindhu sundar, Skcpublic, SpacemanSpiff, The wub, Theo10011, WeisheitSuchen, Welsh, Wifione,
Woohookitty, 87 anonymous edits

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Authority For Advance Rulings http://aar.gov.in/about.html

About Us

In order to provide the facility of ascertaining the Income-tax liability of a non-resident, to plan their Income-tax affairs well in advance and
to avoid long drawn and expensive litigation, a scheme of Advance Rulings has been introduced under the Income-tax Act, 1961. Authority
for Advance Rulings has been constituted. A non-resident or certain categories of resident can obtain binding rulings from the Authority on
question of law or fact arising out of any transaction/proposed transactions which are relevant for the determination of his tax liability.

WHAT IS THE SCHEME OF ADVANCE RULINGS?

With a view to avoiding a dispute in respect of assessment of income-tax liability in the case of a non-resident (and also specified
categories of residents), a Scheme of Advance Ruling was incorporated in Chapter XIX-B of the Income-tax Act. The Authority for Advance
Rulings ( AAR ) pronounces rulings on the applications of the non-resident/residents submitted in the prescribed form following prescribed
procedure and such rulings are binding both on the applicant and the income-tax department. Thus, the applicant can avoid expensive and
time consuming litigation on any question of law or fact which might arise from normal income-tax assessment proceedings. AAR
(Procedure) Rules, 1996 provide detailed procedure for obtaining advance rulings.

WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF THE AUTHORITY?

The Authority for Advance Rulings consists of a Chairman , who is a retired Judge of the Supreme court and two members of the rank of
Additional Secretary to the Government of India, one each from the Indian Revenue Service and the Indian Legal Service.

WHO CAN SEEK ADVANCE RULING?

Any non-resident person whether individual, company, firm, association of persons or other body corporates can make an application for
seeking an advance ruling in regard to his/its tax liability. Similarly, certain category on residents can also seek advance rulings:

For Non-resident

For determination, in relation to a transaction which has been undertaken or is proposed to be undertaken by a Non-resident applicant, on
any question of law or fact specified in the application.

• For Resident

1. A resident who has undertaken or proposes to undertake a transaction with a non-resident may seek a ruling for determination on
any question of law or fact in relation to such transaction involving the tax liability of the non resident.
2. A resident falling within notified categories may seek determination or decision by the Authority in respect of an issue relating to
computation of total income which is pending before any Income-tax Authority or the Appellate Tribunal and such determination or
decision shall include the determination or decision of any question of law or fact relating to such computation of total income.

(Central Government vide Notification No. 11456 dated 3.8.2000 as specified public sector company as defined in clause (36A) of section 2
of the Income-tax Act being such class of persons under section 245 N(b)(iii) of Chapter XIX B of the Act.)

WHO IS A NON RESIDENT?

• Under the existing provision of the Income Tax Act, 1961(Section 6) the taxable entities are broadly divided into three groups, viz. ,
Individual , Company and all other persons such as Hindu Undivided Family , Firm, Association of Persons, etc.

• These taxable entities are divided into three categories depending upon their residential status. These categories are :-

• Resident,

• Resident but not ordinary resident and

• Non - Resident

• As already explained above, the benefit of seeking advance ruling is now also available to certain residents :-

An individual is a ' resident ' in any previous year:

1. If he has been in India during the previous year for 182 days or more.

2. If the individual (not being one of the categories mentioned in para 3 below ) has been in India during the previous year for less than 182
days but has been in India for an aggregate of 365 days or more in the four years preceding the previous year and his stay in India during
the previous year is 60 days or more.

3. The categories of person mentioned above are :

a) a citizen of India who has left India during the previous year as a member of the crew of an Indian Ship or for the purpose of
employment outside India , and

b) a citizen of India or a person of Indian origin* who, being outside India , has come to India on a visit during the previous year.

4. Persons falling under para 3 are resident only if their stay in India during the previous year is 182 days or more even where the duration
of their stay in India during the earlier four years is 365 days or more.

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* A person of Indian origin is one if he, or either of his parents or any of his grand parents, was born in undivided India .

Individuals, who are not resident in accordance with the above, are treated as non resident under the Income Tax Act.

• COMPANY :

A company is a non resident if it is neither an Indian company nor a company the control and management of whose affairs during the
previous year, is situated wholly in India .

• EVERY OTHER PERSON :

Every other person is a non resident if, during a previous year, the control and management of its affairs is wholly situated outside India .
In respect of any source of income in any previous year, he shall be deemed to be resident in India in respect of his other sources of
income in the previous year.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ADVANCE RULING?

Helps the applicant in planning his income-tax affairs well in advance.

Brings certainty in determining the tax liability.
Helps avoiding long drawn and expensive litigation.
It is inexpensive, expeditious and binding.

QUESTIONS ON WHICH ADVANCE RULING CAN BE SOUGHT?

The advance ruling can be sought on any question of law or fact specified in the application in relation to a transaction which has been
undertaken, or is proposed to be undertaken, by the non-resident applicant.

However, an advance ruling cannot be sought where the question.

is already pending in the case of the Non-resident applicant before any income-tax authority, the Appellate Tribunal or any court;
involves determination of fair market value of any property; or

relates to a transaction which is designed prima facie for avoidance of income-tax.

HOW TO SEEK ADVANCE RULING?

The applicant may seek advance ruling by making an application to the Authority in the prescribed form i.e. Form No. 34C, 34D or 34E, as
the case may be in the manner indicated therein and following the procedure as prescribed in AAR (Procedure) Rules, 1996.

SIGNING OF APPLICATION

The application including the documents annexed thereto shall be signed in the manner indicated in the prescribed form. Where a person
signing the application and other documents claims to have been duly authorising to do so, the application must include a power of
attorney, authorising him to sign and an affidavit setting out the unavoidable reasons which entitle him to sign it.

AUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE

The applicant is entitled to represent his case before the Authority either personally or through an authorised representative e.g., a
Chartered Accountant, Advocate, any other tax practitioner etc. If the applicant desires to be represented by an authorised representative,
a power of attorney authorising him to appear for the applicant should be enclosed in original.

PAYMENT OF FEE

The application should be accompanied by a fee of Rs 2,500/- (Two Thousand Five Hundred Indian rupees) through a bank draft drawn in
favour of the 'Authority for Advance Rulings' payment at New Delhi .

WITHDRAWAL OF APPLICATION

The applicant may withdraw his application within 30 days from the date of filing the application, thereafter only with the leave of the
Authority.

TIME LIMIT FOR PRONOUNCING THE RULING?

The advance ruling is required to be pronounced by the Authority within six months of the receipt of a valid application.

IS ADVANCE RULING BINDING?

Advance ruling pronounced by the Authority would be binding in respect of the transaction(s) in relation to which ruling has been sought :

on the Commissioner and the income-tax authorities subordinate to him in respect of the applicant; and
on the applicant who has sought it.

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Authority For Advance Rulings http://aar.gov.in/rsia_pop.html

ADVANCE RULINGS (RELEVANT SECTIONS OF INCOME TAX ACT)

Definitions.

245N. In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires,—

4 [( a ) “advance ruling” means—

( i ) a determination by the Authority in relation to a transaction which has been undertaken or is proposed to be
undertaken by a non-resident applicant; or

( ii ) a determination by the Authority in relation to 5 [the tax liability of a non-resident arising out of] a transaction
which has been undertaken or is proposed to be undertaken by a resident applicant with 6 [such] non-resident,

and such determination shall include the determination of any question of law or of fact specified in the application;

( iii ) a determination or decision by the Authority in respect of an issue relating to computation of total income which
is pending before any income-tax authority or the Appellate Tribunal and such determination or decision shall include
the determination or decision of any question of law or of fact relating to such computation of total income specified
in the application :

7 [ Provided that where an advance ruling has been pronounced, before the date on which the Finance Act, 2003
receives the assent of the President, by the Authority in respect of an application by a resident applicant referred to
in sub-clause ( ii ) of this clause as it stood immediately before such date, such ruling shall be binding on the
persons specified in section 245S ;]

( b ) “applicant” means any person who—

( i ) is a non-resident referred to in sub-clause ( i ) of clause ( a ); or

( ii ) is a resident referred to in sub-clause ( ii ) of clause ( a ); or

( iii ) is a resident falling within any such class or category of persons as the Central Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette 8 , specify in this behalf; and

( iv ) makes an application under sub-section (1) of section 245Q ;]

( c ) “application” means an application made to the Authority under sub-section (1) of section 245Q ;

( d ) “Authority” means the Authority for Advance Rulings constituted under section 245-O ;

( e ) “Chairman” means the Chairman of the Authority;

( f ) “Member” means a Member of the Authority and includes the Chairman.

Authority for Advance Rulings.

245-O. (1) The Central Government shall constitute an Authority for giving advance rulings, to be known as
“Authority for Advance Rulings”.

(2) The Authority shall consist of the following Members appointed by the Central Government, namely :—

( a ) a Chairman, who is a retired Judge of the Supreme Court;

( b ) an officer of the Indian Revenue Service who is qualified to be a member of the Central Board of Direct Taxes;

( c ) an officer of the Indian Legal Service who is, or is qualified to be, an Additional Secretary to the Government of
India.

(3) The salaries and allowances payable to, and the terms and conditions of service of, the Members shall be such as
may be prescribed.

(4) The Central Government shall provide the Authority with such officers and staff as may be necessary for the
efficient exercise of the powers of the Authority under this Act.

(5) The office of the Authority shall be located in Delhi .

Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings.

245P. No proceeding before, or pronouncement of advance ruling by, the Authority shall be questioned or shall be
invalid on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy or defect in the constitution of the Authority.

Application for advance ruling.

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Authority For Advance Rulings http://aar.gov.in/rsia_pop.html

245Q. (1) An applicant desirous of obtaining an advance ruling under this Chapter may make an application in such
form and in such manner as may be prescribed 9 , stating the question on which the advance ruling is sought.

(2) The application shall be made in quadruplicate and be accompanied by a fee of two thousand five hundred
rupees.

(3) An applicant may withdraw an application within thirty days from the date of the application.

Procedure on receipt of application.

245R. (1) On receipt of an application, the Authority shall cause a copy thereof to be forwarded to the Commissioner
and, if necessary, call upon him to furnish the relevant records :

Provided that where any records have been called for by the Authority in any case, such records shall, as soon as
possible, be returned to the Commissioner.

(2) The Authority may, after examining the application and the records called for, by order, either allow or reject the
application :

10 [ Provided that the Authority shall not allow the application where the question raised in the application,—

( i ) is already pending before any income-tax authority or Appellate Tribunal [except in the case of a resident
applicant falling in sub-clause ( iii ) of clause ( b ) of section 245N ] or any court;

( ii ) involves determination of fair market value of any property;

( iii ) relates to a transaction or issue which is designed prima facie for the avoidance of income-tax [except in the
case of a resident applicant falling in sub-clause ( iii ) of clause ( b ) of section 245N ]:]

Provided further that no application shall be rejected under this sub-section unless an opportunity has been given
to the applicant of being heard:

Provided also that where the application is rejected, reasons for such rejection shall be given in the order.

(3) A copy of every order made under sub-section (2) shall be sent to the applicant and to the Commissioner.

(4) Where an application is allowed under sub-section (2), the Authority shall, after examining such further material
as may be placed before it by the applicant or obtained by the Authority, pronounce its advance ruling on the
question specified in the application.

(5) On a request received from the applicant, the Authority shall, before pronouncing its advance ruling, provide an
opportunity to the applicant of being heard, either in person or through a duly authorised representative.

Explanation .—For the purposes of this sub-section, “authorised representative” shall have the meaning assigned to it
in sub-section (2) of section 288 , as if the applicant were an assessee.

(6) The Authority shall pronounce its advance ruling in writing within six months of the receipt of application.

(7) A copy of the advance ruling pronounced by the Authority, duly signed by the Members and certified in the
prescribed manner 11 shall be sent to the applicant and to the Commissioner, as soon as may be, after such
pronouncement.

12 [ Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases.

245RR. No income-tax authority or the Appellate Tribunal shall proceed to decide any issue in respect to which an
application has been made by an applicant, being a resident, under sub-section (1) of 13 [ section 245Q ].]

Applicability of advance ruling.

245S. (1) The advance ruling pronounced by the Authority under section 245R shall be binding only—

( a ) on the applicant who had sought it;

( b ) in respect of the transaction in relation to which the ruling had been sought; and

( c ) on the Commissioner, and the income-tax authorities subordinate to him, in respect of the applicant and the
said transaction.

(2) The advance ruling referred to in sub-section (1) shall be binding as aforesaid unless there is a change in law or
facts on the basis of which the advance ruling has been pronounced.

Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances.

245T. (1) Where the Authority finds, on a representation made to it by the Commissioner or otherwise, that an
advance ruling pronounced by it under sub-section (6) of section 245R has been obtained by the applicant by fraud
or misrepresentation of facts, it may, by order, declare such ruling to be void ab initio and thereupon all the
provisions of this Act shall apply (after excluding the period beginning with the date of such advance ruling and
ending with the date of order under this sub-section) to the applicant as if such advance ruling had never been
made.

(2) A copy of the order made under sub-section (1) shall be sent to the applicant and the Commissioner.

Powers of the Authority.

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245U. (1) The Authority shall, for the purpose of exercising its powers, have all the powers of a civil court under the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) as are referred to in section 131 of this Act.

(2) The Authority shall be deemed to be a civil court for the purposes of section 195, but not for the purposes of
Chapter XXVI, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) and every proceeding before the Authority shall
be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of sections 193 and 228, and for the purpose of section
196, of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

Procedure of Authority.

245V. The Authority shall, subject to the provisions of this Chapter, have power to regulate 14 its own procedure in
all matters arising out of the exercise of its powers under this Act.]

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Leela Samson aims to “put Sangeet
Natak Akademi back on track”
Special Correspondent der” to provide scholars, art-
ists and institutions access to
KOCHI: Noted Bharatanatyam its historic archives. “It will
exponent and Chairperson of also make administration eas-
the Central Sangeet Natak ier”. Having been a repository
Akademi Leela Samson has of art, the Akademi, like All
p herself to “put
taken it upon p India Radio, has an enviable
the Akademi back on track” tto archive featuring rare and
p
pursue its originally
g y stated precious records of perform-
mission of documentingg and ances and lecture-demonstra-
academicallyy conserving art tions by stalwarts. “Despite
for posterity. this, if the Akademi can’t
Ms. Samson, who was here come out with great record-
to inaugurate the Confeder- ings and books, who else can?
ation of Indian Industry’s Why can’t we reproduce them
Convention on Women Lead- and disseminate them to
ers, shared with The Hindu those who matter? If Mallika
her vision for the Akademi, Sarabhai wants to see a rare
which she thinks has “de- recording of her mother Mri-
railed” lately. “The priorities nalini Sarabhai’s perform-
of the Akademi got derailed ance, [currently] she can’t
from its main mission. It has RIGHT ON TRACK: Sangeet Natak Akademi access it. Digitisation costs
become some kind of a spon- chairperson Leela Samson with U.S. Consul-General the earth and there are pat-
sor, dispensing money and Jennifer McIntyre at the Convention on Women enting issues involved. But
awards to people, which is not the repository of our intangi-
its job. Even State govern- Leadership organised by the Confederation of ble heritage should be made
ments are approaching the Indian Industry in Kochi. accessible to educational in-
Akademi to fund its pro- — PHOTO: VIPIN CHANDRAN stitutions, eminent artists
grammes. I objected strongly and scholars”
to this practice,” says Ms. government to dispense mon- Commonwealth Games. “To An eminent exponent of
Samson, who also chairs the ey, the Akademi should be dis- sum it up, national priorities Bharatanatyam, Ms. Samson
Central Board of Film Certifi- cussing national policies on took over the Akademi’s pri- deems its right to steer clear
cation and is the Director of art and giving counsel to the orities,” she rues. of the stage so long as she
Kalakshetra. Centre on streamlining, if not While special funding is holds a public office. She still
The objective of the institu- evolving, systems for preser- done for such programmes, offers private lecture-demon-
tion, she maintains, should be vation of the country’s rich “somehow at the end of the strations, though. It isn’t a
to document art and archive it cultural and artistic heritage. day, our budget gets squeezed sacrifice, as she makes use of
in digital format; hold semi- At the Centre’s request, the to accommodate them”. Aca- the time available at her dis-
nars and support art research; Akademi spent a huge sum to demic research and conserva- posal to get a foothold in
extend a helping hand to dy- perk up the year-long celebra- tion are prime on the Kathakali she had developed a
ing arts; and conduct educa- tions of Tagore’s 150th birth Akademi’s agenda and her liking for at the Kalakshetra.
tional programmes. Instead anniversary. Prior to that, it motto as its head is to “clean “Sadanam Balakrishnan Asan
of being a post office for the was called in to spice up the up the house and set it in or- is my guru,” she says.
CIBIL | About Credit Bureau http://www.cibil.com/about-us

CONSUMERS PARTNERS

ABOUT US

CIBIL Fast Facts

CIBIL is the repository of information which has been pooled in by all Banks and lending Institutions operating in India. Presently we have a database size of over 170
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CIBIL’s aim is to fulfill the need of credit granting institutions for comprehensive credit information by collecting, collating and disseminating credit information p
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faster credit decisions.

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CIBIL's equity was held by State Bank of India, Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited, Dun & Bradstreet Information Services India Private Limited
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The shareholding pattern has now been diversified to include the following entities representing varied categories of credit grantors : -

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CIBIL is a composite Credit Bureau, which caters to both company and consumer segments. The Consumer Credit Bureau covers credit availed by individuals while the
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Banks, Financial Institutions, State Financial Corporations, Non-Banking Financial Companies, Housing Finance Companies and Credit Card Companies are Members of C

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CIBIL primarily gets information from its Members only and at a subsequent stage will supplement it with public domain information in order to create a truly comprehe
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Encryption is technique used to mask proprietary information in order to prevent it from being accessed by unauthorized individuals. Only authorized individuals who ha
with the appropriate decoding software can unscramble the information. Thus, encrypted information that our Members provide us with is extremely secure.

2 of 2 02-May-12 10:44 PM
Company Law Board 1

Company Law Board

The Company Law Board is an independent quasi-judicial body in India which has powers to overlook the
behaviour of companies within the Company Law. It was constituted in its present form on May 31, 1991.Under
Section 10E of the Companies Act, 1956 replacing the erstwhile Company Law Board which was primarily as a
delegatee of the Central government since 1.2.1964. The Company Law Board has framed Company Law Board
Regulations 1991 wherein all the procedure for filing the applications/petitions before the Company Law Board has
been prescribed. The Central Government has also prescribed the fees for making applications/petitions before the
Company Law Board under the Company Law Board (Fees on applications and Petitions) Rules 1991.
The Board has its Regional Benches at Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai & New Delhi besides the Principal Bench at New
Delhi. The matters falling under section 247, 250, 269, and 388B are dealt with by the Principal Bench at New Delhi.
The Regional Benches are mainly concerned with petitions/applications under sections 17, 18, 19, 58A(9), 58AA(1),
79/80A, 111,111A, 113/113(3), 117, 117C, 118(3), 141, 144(4), 163, 167, 186, 196, 219/219(4), 235, 237(b), 269,
284, 284(4), 304, 307, 408, 409, 614, 621A, 634A, of the Companies Act, 1956 and matters falling under Chapter VI
of Part VI of the Companies Act, 1956 and Section 45QA of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The matters
falling under section 45QA of the Reserve Bank of India Act, which were earlier within the purview of the RBI,
have now been entrusted to the Company Law Board. The Central Government have accordingly amended RBI Act
giving powers to the Company Law Board to deal with the applications filed by the aggrieved depositors of
Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) under section 45QA of the RBI Act, 1934. It is one of the branches of
high court with the tribunal being the other one
Article Sources and Contributors 2

Article Sources and Contributors

Company Law Board  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=463094469  Contributors: Allen3, CalJW, Davidkinnen, Hemanshu, Keenan Pepper, Pamri, Shyamsunder, 2
anonymous edits

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
About COSPAR http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/About/about.htm

About COSPAR
Scientific Structure
COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH Meetings
Publications
(COSPAR) Awards
Associated
Supporters
Associates
Links

ORIGIN

After the USSR launched its first Earth Satellite in 1957 and thereby opened the space age, the International Council
of Scientific Unions (ICSU), now the International Council for Science, established its Committee on Space Research
(COSPAR) during an international meeting in London in 1958. COSPAR's first Space Science Symposium was
organized in Nice in January 1960.

PURPOSE

COSPAR's objectives are to promote on an international level scientific research in space, with emphasis on the
exchange of results, information and opinions, and to provide a forum, open to all scientists, for the discussion of
problems that may affect scientific space research. These objectives are achieved through the organization of
Scientific Assemblies, publications and other means.

ROLE

In its first years of existence COSPAR, as an entity that ignores political considerations and views all questions
solely from the scientific standpoint, played an important role as an open bridge between East and West for
cooperation in space. When this role became less prominent with the decline in rivalry between the two blocs,
COSPAR, as an interdisciplinary scientific organization, focused its objectives on the progress of all kinds of
research carried out with the use of space means (including balloons).

COSPAR acts mainly as an entity which:

is responsible for organizing biennial Scientific Assemblies with strong contributions from most
countries engaged in space research. These meetings allow the presentation of the latest
scientific results, the exchange of knowledge and also the discussion of space research
problems. Over several decades providing this service has brought recognition to the COSPAR
Scientific Assembly as the premier forum for presenting the most important results in space
research in all disciplines and as the focal point for truly international space science. In this
regard it should be observed that COSPAR has played a central role in the development of new
space disciplines such as life sciences or fundamental physics, by facilitating the interaction
between scientists in emergent space fields and senior space researchers,
provides the means for rapid publication of results in its journal Advances in Space Research,
strives to promote the use of space science for the benefit of mankind and for its adoption by
developing countries and new space-faring nations, in particular through a series of Capacity
Building Workshops which teach very practical skills enabling researchers to participate in
international space research programs,
organizes, on a regional scale, scientific exchange and public outreach on specific research
topics, in the framework of Colloquia and Symposia,
advises, as required, the UN and other intergovernmental organizations on space research
matters or on the assessment of scientific issues in which space can play a role, for example
the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), in which COSPAR is a Participating Organization and
co-chair of its Scientific and Technology Committee,
prepares scientific and technical standards related to space research,
promotes, on an international level, research in space, much of which has grown into large
international collaborative programs in the mainstream of scientific research.

COSPAR Charter and Bylaws

1 of 3 03-Aug-12 10:45 PM
About COSPAR http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/About/about.htm

COSPAR COUNCIL AND BUREAU

COSPAR's highest body is the Council. The Council is comprised of the Committee's President, Representatives of
Member National Scientific Institutions and International Scientific Unions, the Chairs of COSPAR Scientific
Commissions, and the Chair of the Finance Committee. The Council meets at the Committee's biennial Scientific
Assembly. Between Assemblies it is the Bureau which runs COSPAR on a day-to-day basis (see the COSPAR
Charter and By-Laws for further details). The Bureau for the 2010 - 2014 term is composed as follows:

COSPAR President:
Prof. G. Bignami (Italy)
Vice-Presidents:
Prof. R. Lin (USA)
Prof. J. Wu (China)
Members:
Dr. I.S. Batista (Brazil)
Prof. K.-H. Glassmeier (Germany)
Prof. A. Jayaraman (India)
Dr. S. Sasaki (Japan)
Prof. J.-P. St.-Maurice (Canada)
Prof. L. Zelenyi* (Russia)

* second term

COSPAR FINANCE COMMITTEE

Chair:
Prof. W. Hermsen (Netherlands)
Members:
Prof. I. Cairns (Australia)
Dr. M.E. Machado (Argentina)

* second term

OTHER COSPAR COMMITTEES

Awards Committee
COSPAR Scientific Advisory Committee (CSAC)
Editorial Board (Advances in Space Research)
Editorial Board (Space Research Today)
Nomination Committee
Program Committee
Publications Committee

COSPAR SECRETARIAT

Executive Director:
Dr. J.-L. Fellous
Associate Director:
Mr. A. Janofsky
Science Officer:
Dr. V. Journé
Administrative Assistant:
Ms. Leigh Fergus Swan
Financial Services:
Ms. A. Stepniak

COSPAR Secretariat
c/o CNES
2 place Maurice Quentin

2 of 3 03-Aug-12 10:45 PM
About COSPAR http://cosparhq.cnes.fr/About/about.htm

75039 Paris Cedex 01, France

Tel.: +33 1 44 76 75 10 (outside France), 01 44 76 75 10 (inside France)

Fax: +33 1 44 76 74 37 (outside France), 01 44 76 74 37 (inside France)
cospar - at - cosparhq.cnes.fr
http://cosparhq.cnes.fr

Last update of this page 1 June 2012.

Please send comments to cospar - at - cosparhq.cnes.fr

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1 of 1 08-May-12 11:29 AM
Debt Recovery Tribunal, India http://bankdrt.net/

Home Tribunals Cause Judgements Asset Ask FAQs Services Occult Contact
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RBI Notification
Reserve Bank of India circular
on Credit Cards Keeping in line with the international trends on
Reserve Bank of India circular
helping financial institutions recover their bad Debt From Archive
on Corporate Debt quickly and effeciently, the Government of India has
Restructuring Scheme constituted thirty three Debt Recovery Tribunal and
five Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal across the
Reserve Bank of India circular country. Bank Officers should
on liberalizing the earlier
Corporate Debt Restructuring carefully examine the title
Scheme
The Debt Recovery Tribunal are located across the deeds being deposited
country. Some cities have more than one Debt by them: DRT-2 Chennai.
Reserve Bank of India circular Recovery Tribunal located therein. New Delhi and
on extending Corporate Debt Mumbai have three Debt Recovery Tribunal. Chennai DRTs cannot adjudicate
any claim of the bank.
Restructuring Scheme to viable and Kolkata have two Debt Recovery Tribunal each.
economic units facing One Debt Recovery Tribunal each has been
temporary credit crunches. When documents are
More Circulars constituted at Ahmdabad, Allahabad, Arungabad, challenged, DRT must
Reserve Bank of India circular Bangalore, Chandigrah, Coimbatore, Cuttack, seek expert evidence.
on information to be collected Ernakulam, Guwahati, Hydrabad, Jabalpur, Jaipur,
from borrowers for lending by Lucknow, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Ranchi and DRTs can fix rate of
DRT Act
interest.
multiple
DRT banks,
Rules ie: Consortium Vishakapatnam. Depending upon the number of cases
Lending.
DRAT Rules a Debt Recovery Tribunal is constituted. Financial jurisdiction of
DRT & DRAT DRT does not change
Disposal of mortgaged/
Regulations
hypothecated assets without
There are a number of States that do not have a with the change of
Securitisation Act
knowledge of bank amounts to Debt Recovery Tribunal. The Banks & Financial amount adjudicated.
(SRFAESI Act)
willful default. Institutions and other parties in these States have to
SRFAESI Rules go to Debt Recovery Tribunal located in other states Conscious absenteeism
from proceeding before
Reserve
Auction Bank of India circular
Rules having jurisdiction over there area. Thus the DRT uncondonable
on expanded definition of the territorial jurisdiction of some Debt Recovery
term “willful defaulter”.
Tribunal is very vast. For example, the Debt The DRT must
Recovery Tribunal located in Guwahati has adjudicate the claim of
jurisdiction over all the seven North Eastern States. the applicant only.
Similarly, the territorial jurisdiction of the Debt
Limitation for enforcing
Recovery Tribunal located at Chandhigarh too has a foreign judgments before
very wide jurisdiction over the States of Punjab, DRTs is 3 years
Harayana, Chandhigarh.
Indian Evidence Act not
applicable to DRTs
The setting up of a Debt Recovery Tribunal is dependant upon the volume
of cases. Higher the number of cases within a territorial
DRTs area,
fume atmore
pleas Debt
for
Recovery Tribunal would be set up. cross examination as
delaying tactic.
Each Debt Recovery Tribunal is presided over by a Presiding Officer. The
Presiding Officer is generally a judge of the rank of No harm
Dist.if DRT accepts
& Sessions
2nd statement of
Judge. A Presiding Officer of a Debt Recovery Tribunal is assisted
defense in transferred
by a
number of officers of other ranks, but none of them need matters.necessarily have
a judicial back ground. Therefore, the Presiding Officer of a Debt Recovery
Tribunal is the sole judicial authority to hear and pass Co-op
any judicial
Banks outorder.
of
DRT net
Each Debt Recovery Tribunal has two Recovery Officers. The work
DRT cannot ask the
amongst the Recovery Officers is allocated by the Presiding Officer. Though
lessee to pay more than
a Recovery Officer need not be a judicial Officer, but the orders
the indenture passed
amount.
by a Recovery Officer are judicial in nature, and are appealable before the
Presiding Officer of the Tribunal. Appeal to DRT under
SRFAESI Act to be
The Debt Recovery Tribunal are governed by provisionscharged
of theas Recovery
per DRT of
Debt Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, Rules::
1993, SCalso popularly
called as the RDB Act. Rules have been framed and notified before
Proceedings underDRTthe
Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions
is no Act,
bar for1993.
other
proceedings to go on.

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After the enactment of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial

Assets and Enforcement of Security Interests Act (SRFAESI Act or
SRFAESIA for short) borrowers could become first applicants before the
Debt Recovery Tribunal. Earlier only lenders could be applicants.

The Debt Recovery Tribunal are fully empowered to pass comprehensive

orders like in Civil Courts. The Tribunal can hear cross suits, counter
claims and allow set offs. However, they cannot hear claims of damages or
deficiency of services or breach of contract or criminal negligence on the
part of the lenders.

The Debt Recovery Tribunal can appoint Receivers, Commissioners, pass

ex-parte ordes, ad-interim orders, interim orders apart from powers to
Ads by Google
Review its own decision and hear appeals against orders passed by the
Debt Recovery Officers of the Tribunal.
Recovery The recording of evidence by Debt Recovery Tribunal is some what
unique. All evidences are taken by way of an affidavit. Cross examination
I di is allowed only on reqeust by the defense, and that too if the Tribunal
feels that such a cross examination is in the interest of justice. Friviolous
cross examination may be denied. There are a number of other unique
features in the proceedings before the Debt Recovery Tribunal all aimed at
expediting the proceedings.

The details of the Tribunal constituted as of now are

as under
Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal Allahabad:-
The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 5(E) dated
3-1-2001 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Over
Debt Recovery Tribunal Allahabad, Debt Recovery Tribunal Lucknow and
Debt Recovery Tribunal Jabalpur.

Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal Chennai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 134(E)
17-2-2000 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Over
Debt Recovery Tribunal Bangalore, Debt Recovery Tribunal Chennai-1, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Chennai-2, Debt Recovery Tribunal chennai-3, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Coimbatore, Debt Recovery Tribunal Hyderabad, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Vishakapatnam, Debt Recovery Tribunal Ernakulam and
Debt Recovery Tribunal Madurai.

Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal Delhi:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 498(E)
26-5-2000 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Over
Debt Recovery Tribunal Chandhigarh, Debt Recovery Tribunal Delhi-1, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Delhi-2, Debt Recovery Tribunal Delhi-3, and Debt
Recovery Tribunal Jaipur.

Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal Kolkata:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 257(E)
24-3-2000 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Over
Debt Recovery Tribunal Cuttak, Debt Recovery Tribunal Guwahati, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Patna, Debt Recovery Tribunal Kolkata-1, Debt Recovery
Tribunal Kolkata-2, Debt Recovery Tribunal Kolkata-3, and Debt Recovery
Tribunal Ranchi.

Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal Mumbai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 654(E)
17-7-1994 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers over
Debt Recovery Tribunal Ahmedabad, Debt Recovery Tribunal Aurangabad,
Debt Recovery Tribunal Mumbai-1, Debt Recovery Tribunal Mumbai-2, Debt
Recovery Tribunal Mumbai-3, Debt Recovery Tribunal Nagpur and Debt

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Recovery Tribunal Pune.

eFile Your
Returns Today Debt Recovery Tribunal - 1 Ahmedabad:-
Everyone The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 88 (E) dated
Guarantees 21.12.1994. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
Simple But We of Gujarat and Union Territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu.
Assure Accuracy!
Debt Recovery Tribunal - 2 Ahmedabad:-
eFile With Us. The DRT-2 Ahmedabad has been constituted by the Central Government.
www.Taxsmile.com

Debt Recovery Tribunal Allahabad:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 274 (E) dated
31.03.2000 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Allahabad, Auraiya, Azamgarh, Ballia, Banda, Basti, Budan, Chandauli,
Chitrakut, Deoria, Etah, Etawah, Farrukahabad, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Ghazipur,
Gorakhpur, Hamirpur, Jalaun, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kanauj, Kanpur (Rural),
Kanpur (Urban), Kaushambi, Kushinagar, Lalitpur, Haharajganj, Mahoba,
Mainpuri, Mau, Mirzapur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Sant Ravi Das Nagar,
Sidharthnagar, Sonbhadra, Varnasi districts of Uttar Pradesh & any other
area in State of Uttar Pradesh not covered within the jurisdiction of DRTs
at Lucknow & Allahabad.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Aurangabad:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 909 (E) dated
7.12.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Aurangabad, Nanded, Jalna, Beed, Parbhani, Hingoli, Dharashiv, Latur,
Ahmadnagar, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar and Nashik districts of Maharashtra
state.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Bangalore:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 832 (E) dated
30.11.1994 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
State of Karnataka .

Debt Recovery Tribunal Chandhigarh:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 258 (E) dated
24.3.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.

Debt Recovery Tribunal - 1 Chennai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 508 (E) dated
04.11.96. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Area
under Egmore-Nungambakkam and Mylapore-Triplicane Taluk limits of
Chennai and Union Territory of Pondicherry.

Debt Recovery Tribunal - 2 Chennai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 258 (E) dated
29.03.2001. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Areas Under Tondiarpet and Mambalam - Guindy Taluk limits of Chennai.

Debt Recovery Tribunal - 3 Chennai:-

DRT-3 Chennai was eastablished vide GSR No. 15(E) dated the 9th
January, 2007. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Areas under Perambur-Purasawalkam Taluk limits of Chennai and Districts
of Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Vellore, Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tiruvannamali,
Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Perambulur and Charmapuri
in the State of Tamil Nadu.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Coimbatore:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 221 (E) dated
22.3.2002. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Districts of Coimbatore and Nilgiris in the State of Tamil Nadu.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Cuttak:-

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The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 946 (E) dated
29.12.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
of Orissa.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Ernakulam:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 397 (E) dated
4.10.1999. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
of Kerala & Lakshadweep.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Guwahati:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 7 (E) dated
7.1.1997. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Assam
and other North Eastern States and Sikkim.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Hyderabad:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 647 (E) dated
21.9.1999. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Adilabad, Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Khammam,
Karim Nagar, Mehbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddi, &
Warangal districts of Andhra Pradesh and remaining areas of Andhra
Pradesh not covered in the jurisdiction of DRT Vishakhapatnam.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Jabalpur:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 181 (E) dated
7.4.1998. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers States
of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Jaipur:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 655 (E) dated
30.8.1994. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
of Rajasthan.

Debt Recovery Tribunal-1 Kolkata:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 416 (E) dated
27.4.1999. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Kolkata city covering the areas of the following police station:-Hare Street,
Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Bowbazar, Muchipara, Taltolla, Hastings,
North Port.

Debt Recovery Tribunal-2 Kolkata:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 270 (E) dated
20.4.2001. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Al
districts of West Bengal (except Kolkata City) and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands

Debt Recovery Tribunal-3 Kolkata:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 84 (E) dated
6.2.2002. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers Kolkata
City covering the areas of the following police station:- Shyampukur,
Jorabagan, Burtolla, Burrabazar, Posta, Jorasanko, Amherst Street and areas
of any other police station which may be created in future in Kolkata City.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Lucknow:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 71 (E) dated
31.1.2002 . The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Ambedkar Nagar, Aligarh, Agra, Barabanki, Balrampur, Bahraich, Bareilly,
Bijnor, Bulandshahr, Baghpat, Faizabad, Ghaziabad, Gonda, Gautam Budh
Nagar, Hathras, Hardoi, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Lucknow, Lakhimpur, Meerut,
Moradabad, Muzafffarnagar, Mathura, Pratapgarh, Pilibhit, Rampur, Rae
Bareilly, Sharanpur, Shahajahanpur, Sitapur, Shravasti, Sultanpur, Unnao
districts of Uttar Pradesh & State of Uttaranchal.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Madurai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification G.S.R 15(E) dated the
9th January, 2007. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal
covers Districts of Madurai, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin,

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Virudhunagar, Sivaganga, Ramnad, Theni, Erode, Salem, Namakkal, Trichy,

Karur and Dindigul in the State of Tamil Nadu.

Debt Recovery Tribunal-1 Mumbai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 524 (E) dated
16.7.1999. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers City
Area of A Ward as defined by Mumbai Municipal Coropration bounded as
below excluding areas of Nariman Point :- East : Dock area, Ballard
Estate, Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, P.Demello Road West :Marine Drive
North : Anandilal Poddar Marg, Lokmanya Tilak Marg South : Colaba.

Debt Recovery Tribunal-2 Mumbai:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 945(E) dated
29.12.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Nariman Point in A ward bounded as south : Arabian Sea & Nathalal
Parekh Marg West : Dorabjee Tata Road North : Madam Cama Road East
: Maharshi Karve Road and B ward to G Ward ie; excluding the areas of
jurisdiction of Mumbai DRT No.1 and excluding Suburban & extended
Top MBA School In
suburban areas of Greater Bombay.
India
2 Yrs Full Time MBA Debt Recovery Tribunal-3 Mumbai:-
Degree Best The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 945(E) dated
Placement : 100% 29.12.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Job ! Areas of H Ward to T Ward ie; Suburban & extended Suburban areas of
gurugram-mba.in/fulltime
Greater Bombay and districts of Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg in
Maharashtra state and the state of Goa and any other areas of Mumbai not
Mumbai covered by Mumbai DRT No.1 & Mumbai DRT No.2.
Use one A/c to Track
All Your Intl. Debt Recovery Tribunal Nagpur:-
Shipments with Fedex The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR(E) 945 dated
InSight . 29-12-2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
FedEx.com/in/
Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondiya, Amravati, Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Gadchiroli,
Akola, Buldhana, Washim & Wardha districts of Marashtra State.
Urgent Jobs in
BSNL Debt Recovery Tribunal-1 New Delhi:-
2-10 Years Exp. The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 653 (E) dated
Salary 3-15 Lakhs. To 5.7.1994. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers South
Apply Register on Delhi District Hauz Khas, Malviya Nagar, Mehrauli, Defence Colony, Lodhi
Shine.com Now Colony, Kotla Mubarakpur, Lajpat Nagar, Srinivas Puri, Hazrat Nizamuddin,
www.shine.com/BSNL_Jobs Greater Kailash, Chitranjan Park, Ambedkar Nagar, Kalkaji, Badarpur, Okhla,
Send Fresh any other police station which may be existing or created in future in this
area.
Flowers n Cake
Fresh Cakes n
Flowers Delivery in
Debt Recovery Tribunal-2 New Delhi:-
The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 947 (E) dated
Noida, Visit
29.12.2000. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers New
GiftsXpert.in now Delhi DistrictParliament Street, Mandir Marg, Connaught Place , Tilak Marg,
www.giftsxpert.in
Chanakya Puri, Tughlak Road, any other police station which may be
3D Animation in 24 existing or created in future in this area.
months
Join advanced Debt Recovery Tribunal-3 New Delhi:-
program - AD3D The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 48 (E) dated
NEXT Make a career 18.1.2002. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
in Animation & VFX Central Delhi District :Darya Gunj, Chandni Mahal, Jama Masjid, Kamala
www.MAACindia.com Market, Hauz Quazi, I.P.Estate, Pahar Gunj, D.B.G.Road, Nabi Karim, Karol
Bagh, Prasad Nagar, Rajinder Nagar, andy other police station which may
be existing or created in future in this area North East Delhi District :
Seelam Pur, Gokal Puri, Bhajan Pura, Shahdara, Welcome Colony,
Manasaravor Park, Seema Puri, Nand Nagri, any other police station which
may be existing or created in future in this area. East Delhi District
Kalayan Puri, Trilok Puri, Vivk Vihar, Anand Vihar, Preet Vihar , Shakar
Pur, Gandhi Nagar, Krishna Nagar, Geeta Colony, any other police station
which may be existing or created in future in this area. North Delhi
District : Civil Lines, Timarpur, Roop Nagar, Maurice Nagar Colony, Subzi
Mandi, Pratap Nagar, Sarai Rohilla, Bara Hindu Rao, Sadar Bazar, Kashmere
Gate, Kotwali, Lahori Gate, Town Hall (Chandni Chowk), any other police
station which may be existing or created in future in this areaWest Delhi

5 of 6 01-Jul-12 9:49 AM
Debt Recovery Tribunal, India http://bankdrt.net/

District Patel Nagar, Anand Parbat , Moti Nagar , Tilak Nagar, Janak Puri,
Vikas Puri, Punjabi Bagh, Paschim Vihar, Nangloi, Rajouri Garden, Hari
Nagar, Kirti Nagar, any other police station which may be existing or
created in future in this areaNorth West Delhi District Sultan Puri, Mangol
Puri, Kanjahanwala, Ashok Vihar, Saraswati Vihar, Keshav Puram, Shalimar
Bagh, Jahangir Puri, Rohini, Narela, Samaipur Badli, Ali Pur, Mukerjee
Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, Model Town, any other police station which may be
existing or created in future in this area.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Patna:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 325(E) dated
24-1-1997. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
of Bihar.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Pune:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 884 (E) dated
17-12-2001. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers
Pune, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur & Solapur districts of Marashtra State and
any other area/district of Marashtra State not included in Mumbai DRT No.
1, Mumbai DRT No. 2 and Mumbai DRT No. 3 and DRTs at Aurangabad
and DRT at Nagpur .

Debt Recovery Tribunal Visakhapatanam:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 112(E) dated
26-2-2002. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers East
Godavari, West Godavari, Guntur, Kirshna, Nellore, Praksam, Srikakulam,
Vizianagaram & Vishakapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Debt Recovery Tribunal Ranchi:-

The Tribunal has been constituted vide notification GSR No: 113 (E) dated
26-2-2002. The territorial jusrisdiction of the Hon`ble Tribunal covers State
of Jharkhand.

If you desire to know further details on the Debt Recovery Tribunal, the
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Financial Stability and Development Council 1

Financial Stability and Development Council

Financial Stability and Development Council is apex-level body constituted by government of India. The idea to
create such a super regulatory body was first mooted by Raghuram Rajan Committee in 1998.The recent global
economic meltdown has put pressure on governments and institutions across globe to regulate the economic
assets.This council is seen as an India's initiative to be better conditioned to prevent such incidents in future.The new
body envisages to strengthen and institutionalise the mechanism of maintaining financial stability, financial sector
development,inter-regulatory coordination along with monitoring macro-prudential regulation of economy.

Composition of the council

• Chairperson: The Union Finance Minister of India
• Members:
• Governor Reserve Bank of India (RBl),
• Finance Secretary and/ or Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA),
• Secretary, Department of Financial Services (DFS),
• Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance,
• Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI),
• Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA),
• Chairman Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA),
• Joint Secretary (Capital Markets), DEA, will be the Secretary of the Council,
• The Chairperson may invite any person whose presence is deemed necessary for any of its meeting(s).

Responsibilities
• Financial Stability
• Financial Sector Development
• Inter-Regulatory Coordination
• Financial Literacy
• Financial Inclusion
• Macro prudential supervision of the economy including the functioning of large financial conglomerates
• Coordinating India's international interface with financial sector bodies like the Financial Action Task Force
(FATF), Financial Stability Board (FSB)and any such body as may be decided by the Finance Minister from time
to time.

Structural and Functional changes

• To Entrust it with the tasks of existing regulators i.e. RBI,IRDA,SEBI,PFRDA.
• The Council shall have a Sub-committee headed by the Governor, RBl. The Sub-committee will replace the
existing High Level Coordination Committee on Financlal Markets.

References
[1] [2]

[1] Newspaper:The Hindu(20/03/2010)

[2] Business Standard(23/01/2011)
Article Sources and Contributors 2

Article Sources and Contributors

Financial Stability and Development Council  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=470173171  Contributors: GoingBatty, Katharineamy, Mild Bill Hiccup, Shyamsunder, Suhail
sharma, Utcursch, Wilhelmina Will, Woohookitty, 1 anonymous edits

License
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Introduction http://sciencecongress.nic.in/others/intro.html

Indian Science Congress Association

Genesis

The Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) owes its origin to the foresight
and initiative of two British Chemists, namely, Professor J. L. Simonsen and
Professor P.S. MacMahon. It occurred to them that scientific research in India
might be stimulated if an annual meeting of research workers somewhat on the
lines of the British Association for the Advancement of Science could be arranged.

The Association was formed with the following objectives :

a) To advance and promote the cause of science in India;

b) To hold an annual congress at a suitable place in India;
c) To publish such proceedings, journals, transactions and other publications as
may be considered desirable;
d) To secure and manage funds and endowments for the promotion of Science
inlcuding the rights of disposing of or selling all or any portion of the properties of
the Association;
e) To do and perform any or all other acts, matters and things as are conductive
to, or incidental to, or necessary for, the above objects.

The first meeting of the Congress was held from January 15-17, 1914 at the
premises of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, with the Honourable Justice Sir Asutosh
Mukherjee, the then Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta University, as President. One
hundred and five scientists from different parts of India and abroad attended and
the papers numbering 35 were divided into six sections-Botany, Chemistry,
Ethnography, Geology, Physics, Zoology under six Sectional Presidents.

From this modest beginning with hundred and five members and thirty five papers
communicated for reading at the first session, ISCA has grown into a strong
fraternity with more than ten thousand members till to date. The number of papers
communicated for reading has risen to nearly one thousand. Upto 2000 there were
Sixteen sections,two committes and six forums, namely Sections- Agricultural
Sciences, Anthropology & Archaeology, Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular
Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth System Sciences,
Engineering sciences, Material Sciences, Mathematics, Medical & Veterinary
Sciences, Physics, Physiology, Psychology & Educational Sciences, Statistics,
Zoology, Entomology & Fisheries; Committees-Home Sciences, Science & Society;

1 of 3 01-Jul-12 9:33 AM
Introduction http://sciencecongress.nic.in/others/intro.html

Forums-Communication & Information Science, Environmental Sciences, Forensic

Science, Science Education, Science for School Students and Women & Science.
There are now fourteen sections namely Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,
Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, Anthropological and Behavioural
Sciences (including Archaeology and Psychology & Educational Sciences),
Chemical Sciences, Earth System Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Environmental
Sciences, Information and Communication Science & Technology (including
Computer Sciences), Material Sciences,Mathematical Sciences (including
Statistics), Medical Sciences (including Physiology), New Biology (including
Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology and Biotechnology), Physical
Sciences, Plant Sciences and one Committee Science & Society.

Silver Jubilee

The Silver Jubilee Session of the Science Congress was held at Calcutta in 1938
under the Presidentship of Lord Rutherford of Nelson but due to his sudden death,
Sir James Jeans took the chair. It was at this Jubilee Session that the participation
of foreign scientists in session of the Indian Science Congress was first initiated.

Golden Jubilee

The Science Congress celebrated its Golden Jubilee in October, 1963 at Delhi with
Prof.D.S. Kothari as General President. On this occasion two special publications
were brought out : (1) A short History of the Indian Science Congress Association
and (2) Fifty Years of Science in India (in 12 volumes, each volume containing
reviews of particular branch of science).

Diamond Jubilee

The Diamond Jubilee Session of the Science Congress was held at Chandigarh in
January 3-9, 1973, under the Presidentship of Dr.S.Bhagavantam. On this
occasion two special publications were brought out : (1) A Decade (1963-72)
Indian Science Congress Association (with life-sketches of General Presidents)
and (2) A Decade(1963-72) of Science in India(in section-wise).

Platinum Jubilee

The Indian Science Congress Association celebrated its Seventy Fifth year of its
incepton, popularly called otherwise, Platinum Jubilee, in 1988, with
Prof.C.N.R.Rao as General President. Keeping this in view, a special brochure,
entitled "Indian Science Congress Association-Growth & Activities" was published
so as to highlight the programmes of the Association over the years. The main
programmes were: (i) Bringing out special publication on the occasion of the
Platinum Jubilee (ii) Presentation of Plaques to the General Presidents of the
Association (iii) Establishment of Platinum Jubilee Lectures to be organised in each
section during the annual session of the Science Congress and (iv) Extension of the
recent activities of the ISCA and its further diversification to generate scientific
temper and popularise science.

Participation of Foreign Scientists

The 34th Annual Session of the Indian Science Congress was held at Delhi in
January 3-8,1947 with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, as
General President. Pandit Nehru's personal interest in the Science Congress
continued ever since and there had been hardly any session which he did not
attend. He has immensely enriched the activities of the Congress by his sustained
interest in the development of scientific atmosphere in the country, particularly
among young generations. In fact from 1947, programme for inviting
representatives from foreign societies and academies was included in the Science
Congress. This trend still continues with the support of the Department of Science
& Technology, Government of India.

Interaction with Foreign Scientific Academies/Associations

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Introduction http://sciencecongress.nic.in/others/intro.html

After independence ISCA has been actively represented in various foreign scientific
academies/associations, namely British Association for the Advancement of
Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, French Academy
of Sciences, Bangladesh Academy of Sciencesw, Sri Lanka Association for the
Advancement of Science, etc. with a view to have a first hand knowledge on topics
of mutual interest.

Introduction of Focal Theme

The year 1976 withnessed a significant departure in the trend of deliberations

during the congress. It was being felt for sometime that such a gathering of
scientists, covering a wide spectrum ought to be seized of national issues that
have scientific and technological implications. In 1976, Dr.M.S.Swaminathan, the
then General President of ISCA introduced the Focal Theme of national relevence
which is now discussed in every section, committee and forum during the annual
session. These apart, several plenary sessions are organised around various
facets of the Focal Theme in which scientists and technologists as well as policy
makers and administrators interact with one another. ISCA has thus become a
platform where members from different disciplines and from different walks of life
can contribute to discussions on the Focal Theme.

Task Force

Another significant breakthrough was made in 1980 when the Department of

Science & Technology, Government of India, set up a permanent Task Force
involving representatives of ISCA and chiefs of different agencies and voluntary
organizations chaired by Secretary, DST, as being responsible for following up
various recommendations on the Focal Theme. Every year follow-up actions on
recommendations made in the previous Science Congress are discussed at a
General Session organized by DST during the Science Congress. Through this
process, the Indian Science Congress Association has been contributingto the
development of Science in general and National Science Policy, in particular.

Copyright © 2000 Indian Science Congress Association.-All rights reserved.

Developed by : WDC

3 of 3 01-Jul-12 9:33 AM
Kalakshetra 1

Kalakshetra
Kalakshetra
Location

Besant Nagar, Chennai, India,

Coordinates 12°59′17″N 80°15′54″E

Information

Established January 1936

Founder Rukmini Devi Arundale

Director [1]
Leela Samson

Chairman [2]
Gopalkrishna Gandhi

Kalakshetra is a cultural academy dedicated to the preservation of traditional values in Indian art, especially in the
field of Bharatanatyam dance and Gandharvaveda music. The academy was founded in January 1936 by Rukmini
Devi Arundale. Under Arundale's guidance the institution achieved national and international recognition for its
unique style and perfection. In 1962, Kalakshetra moved to a new campus in Besant Nagar, Chennai, India,
[3]
occupying 40 hectares (99 acres) of land .
In January 1994, an Act of the Indian Parliament recognised the Kalakshetra Foundation as an 'Institute of National
[4][5]
Importance'

The Founder
Kalakshetra, later known as the Kalakshetra Foundation was
established by Smt. Rukmini Devi Arundale, along with her husband,
Dr. George Arundale, a known theosophist, in Adyar, Chennai in 1936.
She not only invited the best of students, but also noted teachers,
[6]
musicians and artists to be a part of this institution.
Year long celebrations, including lectures, seminars and festivals
marked her 100th birth anniversary, on February 29, in 2004 at
Kalakshetra and elsewhere in many parts of the world,[7] also on Feb
29, a photo exhibition on her life opened at the Lalit Kala Gallery in
New Delhi, and on the same day, President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
released a photo-biography, written and compiled by Dr. Sunil Kothari
with a foreword by former president R. Venkataraman.[8][9][10]

Kalakshetra style
Having studied the Pandanallur style for three years, in 1936 Rukmini Rukmini Devi Arundale, founder of Kalakshetra

Devi Arundale started working on developing her own, Kalakshetra,

style of Bharatanatyam. She introduced group performances and staged various Bharatanatyam-based ballets.
According to Shri Sankara Menon (1907–2007), who was her associate from Kalakshetra’s beginnings,[11] Rukmini
Devi raised Bharatanatyam to a puritan art form, divorced from its recently controversial past by "removing
objectionable elements" (mostly, the Sringara, certain emotional elements evocative of the erotic, such as hip, neck,
Kalakshetra 2

lip and chest movements) from the Pandanallur style, which was publicly criticized by Balasaraswati and other
representatives of the traditional devadasi culture. Not all love was portrayed, at least outside parameters considered
"chaste". Balasaraswati said that "the effort to purify Bharatanatyam through the introduction of novel ideas is like
putting a gloss on burnished gold or painting the lotus". E .Krishna Iyer said about Rukmini Devi, “ There is no need
to say that before she entered the field, the art was dead and gone or that it saw a renaissance only when she started
to dance or that she created anything new that was not there before” .

Institutes
• Rukmini Devi College of Fine Arts [12]
• Centre of the Beetlejuice Appreciation Society, managed by
Dave Gardner
• Rukmini Devi Museum
• Koothambalam (Kalakshetra theatre)
• Craft Education and Research Centre (including the weaving
department, the Kalamkari natural dye printing and the painting
unit)

Alumni of Kalakshetra Office of Kalakshetra Academy at Besant Nagar

Some of the notable students of Kalakshetra are Radha Burnier, A

Janardhanan, Sarada Hoffman, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Sanjukta Panigrahi, C.V. Chandrasekhar, Dhananjayans,
Adyar K. Lakshman, Krishnaveni Lakshaman, Jayashree Narayanan,Ambika Buch, Yamini Krishnamoorthy, Leela
Samson,[13] Kamala Rajgopal (née Anatharam), Dr Ananda Shankar Jayant.[14]

References
[1] "Leela Samson takes over as Kalakshetra director" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2005/ 04/ 18/ stories/ 2005041812230500. htm). The Hindu.
Apr 18, 2005. .
[2] Board Members (http:/ / www. kalakshetra. in/ board_members. html)
[3] Kalashethra (http:/ / travel. nytimes. com/ travel/ guides/ asia/ india/ chennai/ 28585/ kalakshetra/ nightlife-detail. html), , retrieved
2011-12-03
[4] Kalakshetra Foundation Act 1993 (http:/ / www. kalakshetra. in/ act. pdf) Ministry of Law And Justice.
[5] chennaibest.com (http:/ / www. chennaibest. com/ discoverchennai/ personalities/ dance1. asp)
[6] Early years of Kalakshetra tamilnation.org (http:/ / www. tamilnation. org/ hundredtamils/ arundale. htm)
[7] "Another centenary celebration" (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ thehindu/ mp/ 2003/ 01/ 27/ stories/ 2003012700070300. htm). The Hindu.
Jan 27, 2003. .
[8] "Her spirit still reigns" (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ thehindu/ mag/ 2004/ 02/ 22/ stories/ 2004022200380500. htm). The Hindu. Feb 22,
2004. .
[9] "Time to celebrate" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ thehindu/ mp/ 2003/ 02/ 27/ stories/ 2003022700330100. htm). The Hindu. Feb 27, 2003. .
[10] Centenary celebrations (http:/ / narthaki. com/ info/ reviews/ rev158. html) nartaki.com
[11] "Guru who inspired love (Sankara Menon’s centenary at Kalakshetra)" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ fr/ 2007/ 09/ 28/ stories/
2007092850930100. htm). The Hindu. Sep 28, 2007. .
[12] "Kalakshetra lauded for signal contribution to fine arts" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2007/ 12/ 22/ stories/ 2007122260111200. htm). The
Hindu. Dec 22, 2007. .
[13] Noted students of Kalakshetra (http:/ / www. hinduismtoday. com/ archives/ 1993/ 11/ 1993-11-02. shtml)
[14] (http:/ / www. anandashankarjayant. com)
Kalakshetra 3

Further reading
• Fredericks, Leo: Poet in Kalakshetra. Madras 1977
• Kalakshetra Foundation (Hrsg.): Kalakshetra Brochure
• Nachiappan, C.: Rukmini Devi, Bharata Natya. Kalakshetra Publications, Chennai 2003
• Nachiappan, C.: Rukmini Devi, Dance Drama. Kalakshetra Publications, Chennai 2003
• Ramani, Shakuntala: Sari, the Kalakshetra tradition. Kalakshetra Foundation, Chennai 2002
• Sarada, S.: Kalakshetra-Rukmini Devi, reminiscences. Kala Mandir Trust, Madras 1985

External links
• Kalakshetra official website (http://www.kalakshetra.net/)
• Rukmini Devi's inaugural address, 1936 (http://www.theosophical.ca/TheosBeauty.htm#academy)
• The Vision of Rukmini Devi, The hindu, Dec 26, 2003 (http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/12/
26/stories/2003122601420600.htm)
• Photos of Kalakshetra (http://india-outside-my-window.blogspot.com/2007/12/photo-essay-kalakshetra.html)
• Kalakshetra Foundation's December 2009 Event - Shiv Shakthi (http://www.findnearyou.com/events/
shiv-shakthi_342)
Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and Contributors

Kalakshetra  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=464525546  Contributors: Altenmann, Anandasj, Betterusername, Brhaspati, CatherineMunro, Challengethelimits, Cribananda,
Dbachmann, Deep Blue Sea, Deepavani03, Dhilipanraj, Difu Wu, Dysprosia, Ekabhishek, Garion96, Grm wnr, ImpuMozhi, Iridescent, Jamie cloud, Kadambarid, Logicwiki, Mallarme, NSR,
Natya80, Neddyseagoon, Okiefromokla, Planemad, Pskmohan, R'n'B, Rama's Arrow, Rama4, Rasikapriya00, Redheylin, Rhollenton, Rholton, Sassf, SlaveToTheWage, Subbumalathi, Synergy,
Tabrez, Thendral Muthusami, Versus22, Young Pioneer, 23 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image:Rukmini Devi.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rukmini_Devi.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original uploader was ImpuMozhi at en.wikipedia
Image:Kalakshetra Academy Office.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kalakshetra_Academy_Office.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors:
Mélanie M

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Objectives and Fuctions http://www.kvic.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&...

Search...

Home Khadi Village Ind's PMEGP SFURTI Schemes Other Depts. Circulars Implementing Agencies Vigilance KRDP Contact

The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament (No. 61 of 1956, as amended by
act no. 12 of 1987 and Act No.10 of 2006. In April 1957, it took over the work of former All India Khadi and Village Industries Board.

Objectives

The broad objectives that the KVIC has set before it are...

The social objective of providing employment.

The economic objective of producing saleable articles.

The wider objective of creating self-reliance amongst the poor and building up of a strong rural community spirit.

Functions

Some of the major functions of KVIC are ...

The KVIC is charged with the planning, promotion, organisation and implementation of programs for the
development of Khadi and other village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies
engaged in rural development wherever necessary.

Its functions also comprise building up of a reserve of raw materials and implements for supply to producers,
creation of common service facilities for processing of raw materials as semi-finished goods and provisions
of facilities for marketing of KVI products apart from organisation of training of artisans engaged in these
industries and encouragement of co-operative efforts amongst them. To promote the sale and marketing of
khadi and/or products of village industries or handicrafts, the KVIC may forge linkages with established
marketing agencies wherever feasible and necessary.

The KVIC is also charged with the responsibility of encouraging and promoting research in the production
techniques and equipment employed in the Khadi and Village Industries sector and providing facilities for the
study of the problems relating to it, including the use of non-conventional energy and electric power with a
view to increasing productivity, eliminating drudgery and otherwise enhancing their competitive capacity and
arranging for dissemination of salient results obtained from such research.

Further, the KVIC is entrusted with the task of providing financial assistance to institutions and individuals
for development and operation of Khadi and village industries and guiding them through supply of designs,
prototypes and other technical information.

In implementing KVI activities, the KVIC may take such steps as to ensure genuineness of the products
and to set standards of quality and ensure that the products of Khadi and village industries do conform to
the standards.

The KVIC may also undertake directly or through other agencies studies concerning the problems of Khadi
and/or village industries besides research or establishing pilot projects for the development of Khadi and
village industries.

The KVIC is authorized to establish and maintain separate organisations for the purpose of carrying out
any or all of the above matters besides carrying out any other matters incidental to its activities.

1 of 2 04-May-12 12:29 AM
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2 of 2 04-May-12 12:29 AM
 m
c

Govt clears deck for SUUTI h

c

wind-up; creates NAMC

c
G
c
o
ENS ECONOMIC BUREAU recent stake sales of state run to
NEW DELHI, MARCH 23
ESCROW account firms, the government is hopeful
that the NAMC will help
m
a
TO give a leg-up to its disinvest- will also be set up, in bridge the shortfall in disinvest- r
ment programme, the govern- ment receipts. B
ment on Friday decided to lever-
which the government Till now, public offers by G
age the assets of the Special which will transfer about PSUs such as Oil and Natural ti
Undertaking of the Unit Trust of R2,000 crore belonging to Gas Corporation of India,
India (SUUTI) by transferring the investors of SUUTI NMDC and NHPC were res- a
its equity holdings in bluechip who are untraceable cued by state-owned Life Insur- th
companies such as ITC, Axis ance Corporation of India after p
Bank and L&T to a new entity and 8.3 per cent in L&T are val- low response from investors. d
called the National Assets Man- ued at around Rs 32,000 crore Meeting its fiscal deficit tar- c
agement Company (NAMC). based on current market value. get of 5.1 per cent of the GDP in ti
The decision was taken at a An escrow account will also 2012-13 is critical for the govern-
meeting of the Cabinet Commit- be set up in which the govern- ment, which is expected to over- d
tee on Economic Affairs. ment which will transfer about shoot its deficit target by nearly c
The NAMC will be a special Rs 2,000 crore belonging to the 30 per cent in 2011-12. h
purpose vehicle to buy govern- investors of SUUTI who are un- The government is targeting
ment stake in public sector un- traceable, the official said. Rs 30,000 crore from stake sales p
dertakings that launch initial and Government sources said in public sector undertakings in o
follow on public offers, a finance that though the structure of the 2012-13, even as it missed the in
ministry official said. NAMC has been approved by target for the current fiscal by a ic
It will take loans from banks the CCEA, it may be altered and wide margin. In 2011-12, as m
backed by its holdings to buy also re-christened later based on against a target of Rs 40,000 th
government stake in PSUs. The advice from the Prime Minister’s crore, the government will raise t
key holdings of 11.54 per cent in office. about Rs 14,000 crore from disin- d
ITC, 23.6 per cent in Axis Bank With poor investor interest in vestment. h
:: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute :: http://www.neeri.res.in/aboutus.php

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System
Centre(ENVIS) The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur was established in 1958 as Central
Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI), when environmental concerns were limited to human
health with a focus on water supply/sewage disposal/ communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial
pollution and occupational diseases. The chemical and biological solutions to address these problems were
simple, though challenging. However, slowly world wide public awareness on the contamination of environment on
regional to global scale started getting attention in 1970’s. Shrimati Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of
India, rechristened the Institute as National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in the year
1974.
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur is devoted to research and innovations in
environmental science and engineering besides solving a range of problems posed by industry, government and
public. It is a constituent of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi and has a nation-wide
presence with its five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. The mandate of
NEERI is:
• To conduct research and developmental studies in environmental science and engineering
• To render assistance to the industries of the region, local bodies, etc. in solving the problems of environmental
pollution by S&T intervention
• To interact and collaborate with academic and research institutions on environmental science and engineering
for mutual benefit
• To participate in CSIR thrust area and mission projects
Thus, the Institute is dedicated to the service of mankind by providing innovative and effective S&T solutions to
environmental and natural resource problems by conducting effective R&D programmes in environmental science
and engineering essentially comprising:
• Characterization of environmental quality in terms of physical, chemical and biological parameters
• Technologies for prevention and control of air pollution, wastewater and solid waste in terms of their reduction,
reuse, recycle, and finally safe disposal
• Innovative approaches to optimal utilization and conservation of environmental resources
NEERI is served by competent and experienced team of about 125 scientists in various core disciplines of

1 of 3 01-Jul-12 10:00 AM
:: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute :: http://www.neeri.res.in/aboutus.php

relevance to environmental science and engineering, viz. environmental engineering, chemical engineering,
environmental chemistry, environmental biology and fourteen other science and engineering disciplines.
Professionally competent and highly skilled and experienced technical officers and technicians support the
scientific personnel.
The Director, NEERI has a mandate to realize the mission of the Laboratory by leading the high class R&D and
S&T activities and seek the advices of Research Council (RC) and Management Council (MC) of the laboratory
under the overall supervision of Director General, CSIR. The Research Council has a mandate to advise on the
formulation of R&D programmes and future directions for research keeping in view the Five Year Plans, National
priorities and opportunity areas besides review of R&D activities and research programmes. The Management
Council has a mandate to recommend resource allocation for R&D activities/facilities of the Laboratory besides
monitoring of R&D and other activities.
Over the years, the Institute has contributed to the reorientation of environmental policy towards prevention of
pollution, developed technologies for substitution of non renewable resource base with renewable resources,
recycle and reuse of industrial and domestic wastewater, and conducted environmental impact and risk
assessment studies for developmental projects in industrial, mining, nuclear power, thermal power, river valley and
urban infrastructure sectors as also the environmental audit of industrial and mining projects.
The Institute has necessary infrastructure and around 500 scientific and technical staff to monitor, analyze and
characterize various elements and substances in the environmental samples on a national/regional scale with
state of art equipments and methodologies.
Based on the directives from Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, besides Hon’ble High Courts of various States,
NEERI has submitted several reports from time to time for resolving various critical environmental disputes/issues
concerning industry, ecology and environment.
The Institute has considerable capabilities and experience in the domain of environmental management and at
present, the major R&D thrust areas pursued by the Institute include:
• R&D Thrust Areas
– Environmental Monitoring
– Environmental Modelling
– Environmental Biotechnology & Genomics
– Environmental System Design and Optimisation
– Environmental Impact & Risk Assessment
– Environmental Policy
• Advisory
– Industries
– Central Govt. Ministries/Boards
– State Govt. Ministries/Boards
– Judiciary
In the realm of uncertainty and changing regimes of environmental governance, NEERI envisions a futuristic
perspective of a formal knowledge organization in terms of providing reliable data, coupled with modeling efforts
to mimic the reality, adding its tacit knowledge with a collective perception of work ethic by effective interaction of
its scientists and users.
NEERI’S FOCUS AREAS are:
• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – VOCs, Monitoring, Health Impacts, Public Awareness and Training.
• Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) – Urban AQ data-bank, inventorization, source apportionment analysis, analytical
techniques, cost effective control, conservation of monuments.
• Drinking Water – WQ surveillance and assessment, water treatment, supply and distribution, training for rural
sector.
• Water Resources – EIA of river linking projects, artificial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, eco-restoration
of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum flows, watershed planning, catchment areas treatment, salinity
ingress in coastal areas.
• Wastewater - Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen removal, treatability studies, and Design or
revamping ETPs/STPs/CETPs through innovative solutions.
• Industry - Waste minimization, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Environment and process audit, EIA,
Carrying capacity, LCA, Global environmental policies.
• Bio/Phyto Remediation – Reclamation and restoration of degraded lands (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline soils,
etc.), Carbon sequestration applications, Land application of treated sewage, nutrient dynamics.
• Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes - Design of landfills and disposal systems, Composting and
biomethanation, stabilization.
• Energy security - Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial production of hydrogen.
• Health - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineation of genetic disturbances due to
exposures of air pollutants.
With focus on above areas, NEERI endeavors to sustain itself as a pioneer CSIR Laboratory in the field of
environmental science and engineering.

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3 of 3 01-Jul-12 10:00 AM
Print Release http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx

Press Information Bureau

Government of India
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
01-August-2012 17:27 IST

NSTFDC and SBI Sign Refinance Agreement

The National Scheduled Tribe Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) and State Bank
of India (SBI) signed a Refinance Agreement here today in the presence of Shri V. Kishore
Chandra Deo, Union Minister of Panchayati Raj and Tribal Affairs. The agreement was signed by
the Shri Gur Saroop Sood, Chairman-cum-Managing Director of NSTFDC and Shri A. Krishna
Kumar, Managing Director and Group Executive (NB) of SBI. On the occasion, Shri Kishore
Chandra Deo said that this is a significant occasion when State Bank of India, the largest Public
Sector Bank in the country, has entered into an arrangement with NSTFDC for channelizing
concessional loans to the Scheduled Tribes. This also reflects positively on the SBI that they not
only cater to the large business houses and high net worth individuals and industrialists but are
also committed to economic upliftment of the weaker sections of the society.

The Minister said that today’s arrangements would open a new era towards micro financing of
needy Scheduled Tribes by NSTFDC through SBI. Under the arrangements, NSTFD would
provide refinance to SBI for loans extended to Self Help Group comprising all ST members. ST
beneficiaries would pay concessional interest rate of 6% p.a. only. This arrangement would open
doors of more than 14000 branches of SBI to the needy Scheduled Tribes Community for seeking
loans upto RS. 5 lakh at the concessional rate.

He informed that the NSTFDC is an apex organization or economic development of Scheduled

Tribes, was set up in April 2001 under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. This Corporation provides
financial assistance to Scheduled Tribes at concessional rates of interest for taking up income
generation activities. The Corporation in its 11 years of operations has sanctioned financial
assistance for schemes costing around Rs. 2200 crore. of this NSTFDC share is around Rs. 1200
crore, while the balance has been met by way of margin money/subsidy/promoters contribution.
This financial assistance has benefited around Rs. 5 lakh STs throughout the country.

Shri Deo said that most of the STs are geographically isolated and under-privileged on most of the
development indices. This calls for specific need based intervention from developmental agencies
and not a ‘one size fit all’ approach. He said that within the framework of schemes of NSTFDC, a
tribal can take up any vocation suited to his/her aptitude, skill set, habitat etc. There is a complete
flexibility in this regard. He can opt to obtain assistance for agricultural or services or transport or
even industrial sector activity. NSTFDC’s recently launched Education Loan Scheme is also
calibrated to empower ST students for obtaining professional/technical education and for pursuing
Ph.D in India. The NSTFDC is not only implementing its schemes through State Channelizing
Agencies but is also increasingly exploring the avenues of reaching out through Public Sector
Banks and Regional Rural Banks who have entered into agreements with NSTFDC.

On the occasion, Shri Mahadeo Singh Khandela, Minister of State for Tribal Affairs and Smt.
Vibha Puri Das, Secretary of the Ministry were also present

PKM/bs

1 of 1 03-Aug-12 7:49 AM
Print Release http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx

Press Information Bureau

Government of India
Ministry of Finance
07-June-2013 15:37 IST

Government Sets-Up the National Skill Development Agency;

NSDA to Coordinate and Harmonize the Skill Development Efforts of the Government of India
and the Private Sector to Achieve the Skilling Targets of the 12th Plan and Beyond;
To Bridge the Social, Regional, Gender and Economic Divide by Ensuring that the Skilling
needs of the Disadvantaged and Marginalized Groups are taken care of through Various Skill
Development Programmes

Pursuant to the Union Cabinet approval, the Government has constituted the National Skill
Development Agency (NSDA) by subsuming the Prime Minister’s National Council on Skill
Development (PMNCSD), the National Skill Development Coordination Board (NSDCB) and the
Office of the Adviser to the PM on Skill Development.

The NSDA will coordinate and harmonize the skill development efforts of the Government of India
and the private sector to achieve the skilling targets of the 12th Plan and beyond. It will endeavour to
bridge the social, regional, gender and economic divide by ensuring that the skilling needs of the
disadvantaged and marginalized groups like SCs, STs, OBCs, minorities, women and differently-abled
persons are taken care of through the various skill development programmes.

While the Central Ministries and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) will continue to
implement schemes in their remit, the NSDA will develop and monitor an overarching framework for
skill development, anchor the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) and facilitate the
setting-up of professional certifying bodies in addition to the existing ones.

NSDA will be an autonomous body chaired by a person of the rank and status of a Cabinet Minister
supported by a Director General and other support staff.

*****

DSM/RS/ka

1 of 1 6/9/2013 5:59 PM
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 1

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (English: Non-resident Indian Day), is celebrated in India on 9 January each year to mark
the contribution of the overseas Indian community to the development of India. The day commemorates the arrival
of Mahatama Gandhi in India from South Africa. Established in 2003, it is sponsored by the Ministry of Overseas
Indian Affairs of the Government of India, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Ministry of
Development of the North Eastern Region of India. A celebratory event is held on 7–9 January each year in an
Indian city: a forum for issues concerning the Indian Diaspora is organized and the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
Awards are given. [1][2]
In 2011, Pravasi Bhartiya Divas was held in New Delhi. 1,500 delegates from 51 countries attended the convention,
while the President of India gave the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards. Media India Group (MIG) is one of the
[3]
media partner of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2012.

History
The decision to celebrate the "Pravasi Bharatiya Divas" was taken in accordance with recommendations of the 'High
Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora' (HLC) set up by Government of India under the chairmanship of Dr. L. M.
Singhvi. The Prime Minister, receiving the report of the Committee at a public function at Vigyan Bhavan in New
Delhi on 8 January 2002, announced the "Pravasi Bharatiya Divas"(PBD) on 9 January that year. The day was
[3][4]
chosen to mark the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to India in 1915.
The occasion is marked by special programs to recognize the contributions of NRI/PIO individuals of exceptional
merit, felicitate NRI/PIO individuals who have made exceptional contributions in their chosen field/profession
(Pravasi Bharatiya Samman (Hindi: NRI/PIO Award)) and provide a forum to discuss issues and concerns of people
of the diaspora.
The event has been organized every year since 2003, and is sponsored by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs
and the CII (Confederation of Indian Industry), initially sponsored by FICCI.
The 8th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas took place on 7–9 January 2010 and was webcast live at the official Ministry of
Overseas Indian Affairs website [5], also covered live on social media (live blogging & live tweeting) at Pravasi
[6]
Bharatiya , an online platform for NRIs powered by Kotak Mahindra Bank. An investment facilitation platform for
overseas Indians the Overseas Indians Facilitation Center [7] was launched by India's Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan
Singh, with a view of strengthening ties with the diaspora for partnering in India's growth story on the occasion.

Venues
The annual Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Program since 2003 has been organized in the following cities:
• 2003 1st Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2004 2nd Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2005 3rd Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Mumbai
• 2006 4th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Hyderabad
• 2007 5th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2008 6th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2009 7th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Chennai
• 2010 8th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2011 9th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas New Delhi
• 2012 10th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Jaipur
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2

The 2012 Pravasi Bhartiya Divas is to be held from 7 January – 9 January 2012. The venue is Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Chief Guest of this event is the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Ms. Kamla Persad Bissessar[8]

References
[1] "Pravasi Bharatiya Divas" (http:/ / www. moia. gov. in/ services. aspx?id1=25& id=m1& idp=25& mainid=23). Ministry of Overseas Indian
Affairs . .
[2] "About us" (http:/ / www. pbdindia. org/ aboutus. shtml). PBD website. .
[3] "Pravasi Bharatiya Divas concludes; Overseas Indian doctors ready to help India" (http:/ / economictimes. indiatimes. com/ news/
news-by-industry/ services/ travel/ visa-power/ pravasi-bharatiya-divas-concludes-overseas-indian-doctors-ready-to-help-india/ articleshow/
7249551. cms). Economic Times. 9 Jan, 2011. .
[4] "Pravasi Bharatiya Divas" (http:/ / indiandiaspora. nic. in/ pbdivas. htm). Ministry of External Affairs. .
[5] http:/ / www. moia. gov. in/
[6] http:/ / www. pravasibharatiya. co. in
[7] http:/ / www. oifc. in
[8] http:/ / pbdnetwork. com/ pbd2012/ 2011/ chief-guest-of-pbd-2012-in-jaipur-ms-kamla-parsad-bissessar/

• "Chapter 25 - Interim Recommendation on Celebratin of 'Pravasi Bharatiya Divas'" (http://indiandiaspora.nic.

in/diasporapdf/chapter25.pdf). Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora, Ministry of Eternal
Affairs.

External links
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, Official website (http://www.pbdindia.org/)
• Networking community of PBD attendees (http://www.pbdnetwork.com/our-community-join-us)
(डेली न्यूज़) [http://dailynewsnetwork.epapr.in/21490/Daily-news/07-01-2012#page/3/1 (डेली न्यूज़)
[http://dailynewsnetwork.epapr.in/21489/Metro-Mix/07-01-2012#page/1/1 (डेली न्यूज़) [[Category:Indian diaspora
(http://dailynewsnetwork.epapr.in/21490/Daily-news/07-01-2012#page/2/1)]
Article Sources and Contributors 3

Article Sources and Contributors

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=489877825  Contributors: Akihabara, Amourindian, Auntof6, Bharatisgreat, CaliforniaAliBaba, Dashaisy,
Desiphral, Diomedea Exulans, Dl2000, Ekabhishek, Gaurav.mayank, Goldgreen1, Kaex88, MER-C, Majora4, Manojmediaindia, Ohnoitsjamie, Pallavi Chhibber, Pizzadeliveryboy, RTC,
Rajpalmeena45, Rogerd, Rojypala, Saraswatmanu, Shyamsunder, Ttwaring, Uday2cu, Welsh, Witchwords, 13 anonymous edits

License
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Press Council of India 1

Press Council of India

The Press Council Of India is a statutory body in India that governs the conduct of the print media. It is one of the
most important bodies that sustain democracy, as it has supreme power in regards to the media to ensure that
freedom of speech is maintained. However, it is also empowered to hold hearings on receipt of complaints and take
suitable action where appropriate. It may either warn or censure the errant journalists on finding them guilty. It did
so on 21 July 2006, when it censured three newspapers — Times of India (Delhi and Pune), Punjab Kesari (Delhi)
and Mid Day (Mumbai) — for violation of norms of journalistic conduct. The press council of India is protected by
the constitution and its actions may not be questioned unless it is proved to be in violation of the constitution, which
makes it exceedingly powerful a body.

History
Press Council is a mechanism for the Press to regulate itself. The raison d’etre of this unique institution is rooted in
the concept that in a democratic society the press needs at once to be free and responsible.
If the Press is to function effectively as the watchdog of public interest, it must have a secure freedom of expression,
unfettered and unhindered by any authority, organised bodies or individuals. But, this claim to press freedom has
legitimacy only if it is exercised with a due sense of responsibility. The Press must, therefore, scrupulously adhere to
accepted norms of journalistic ethics and maintian high standards of professional conduct.
Where the norms are breached and the freedom is defiled by unprofessional conduct, a way must exist to check and
control it. But, control by Government or official authorities may prove destructive of this freedom. Therefore, the
best way is to let the peers of the profession, assisted by a few discerning laymen to regulate it through a properly
structured representative impartial machinery. Hence, the Press Council.

Powers, Practice and Procedure

The Press Council of India was first set up in the year 1966 on the 4th of July by the Parliament on the
recommendations of the First Press Commission with the object of preserving the freedom of the press and of
maintaining and improving the standards of press in India. The present Council functions under the Press Council
Act 1978. It is a statutory, quasi judicial body which acts as a watchdog of the press. It adjudicates the complaints
against and by the press for violation of ethics and for violation of the freedom of the press respectively.
The Press Council is headed by a Chairman, who has, by convention, been a retired judge of the Supreme Court of
India (except for the first chairman,Justice J.R. Mudholkar, who was a sitting judge of Supreme Court of India in
1968). The Council consists of 28 other members of whom 20 represent the press and are nominated by the press
organisations/news agencies recognised and notified by the Council as all India bodies of categories such as editors,
working journalists and owners and managers of newspaper; 5 members are nominated from the two houses of
Parliament and 3 represent cultural, literary and legal fields as nominees of the Sahitya Academy, University Grants
Commission and the Bar Council of India. The members serve on the Council for a term of three years. The Council
was last reconstituted on 22 May 2001. The present Chairman is Justice Markandey Katju.
The Council is funded by revenue collected by it as fees levied on the registered newspapers in the country on the
basis of their circulation. No fee is levied on newspapers with a circulation of less than 5000 copies. The deficit is
made good by grants by the Central Government, through the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting [1].
Press Council of India 2

Complaints Procedure[2]
A complaint against a newspaper for any publication the complainant finds objectionable and affecting him
personally, or for non-publication of any material, should first be taken up with the editor or other representative of
the publication concerned.
If the complaint is not resolved satisfactorily, it may be referred the Press Council of India. The complaint must be
specific and in writing and should be filed/lodged within two months of the publication of the impugned news item
in case of dailies and weeklies and four months in all other cases, along with the original/photostat copy of the
impugned clipping (an English translation if the matter is in a South Asian language). The complainant must state in
what manner the publication/non-publication of the matter is objectionable within the meaning of the Press Council
Act, 1978, and enclose a copy of the letter to the editor, pointing out why the matter is considered objectionable. The
editor's reply thereto or published rejoinder, if any, may also be attached to it. A declaration stating that the matter is
not pending in any court of law is also required to be filed.
If a newspaper or journalist is aggrieved by any action of any authority that may impinge on the freedom of the
press, he can also file a complaint with the Council. The aggrieved newspaper or journalist may inform the Council
about the possible reason for the action of the authorities against him i.e. if it is as a reprisal measure taken by the
authorities due to critical writings or as a result of the policy that may affect the freedom of the press (supporting
documents, with English translation if they are in a South Asian language, should be filed). A declaration regarding
the non-pendency of the matter in any court of law is also necessary.
On receipt of a complaint made to it or otherwise, if the Council is prima facie satisfied that the matter discloses
sufficient ground for inquiry, it issues a show cause notice to the respondents and then considers the matter through
its Inquiry Committee on the basis of written and oral evidence tendered before it. If, on inquiry, the Council has
reason to believe that the respondent newspaper has violated journalistic norms, the Council keeping in view the
gravity of the misconduct committed by the newspaper, warns, admonishes or censures the newspaper or
disapproves of the conduct of the editor or the journalist as the case may be. It may also direct the respondent
newspaper to publish the contradiction of the complainant or a gist of the Council’s decision in its forthcoming issue.
Similarly, when the Council upholds the complaint of the aggrieved newspaper/journalist the Council directs the
concerned government to take appropriate steps to redress the grievance of the complainant. The Council may, if it
considers necessary, make such observations, as it may think fit, in any of its decisions or reports, respecting the
conduct of any authority, including Government.

Notes
[1] http:/ / mib. nic. in/
[2] Paraphrase and explanation of (http:/ / presscouncil. nic. in/ complaints. htm)

External links
Website of the Press Council of India: http://presscouncil.nic.in/ (http://presscouncil.nic.in/)
Article Sources and Contributors 3

Article Sources and Contributors

Press Council of India  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=489585885  Contributors: AgentPeppermint, Bearcat, Gandupada, Johnian144, Jovianeye, Nijaguna, R. S. Shaw,
Shyamsunder, SlaveToTheWage, The Silent Contributor, Utcursch, Vr, 9 anonymous edits

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
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:: Quality Council of India >> Frequently Asked Questions :: http://www.qcin.org/faq.php

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About QCI Frequently Asked Questions

Accreditation Board
Q What is QCI?
Quality Promotion (NBQP) A Quality Council of India is an autonomous body of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Govt. of India
which has been created jointly with Indian industry represented by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Federation
Schemes
of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) & Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry
QCIMembership (ASSOCHAM).

Publications The main objectives of QCI are (a) to establish and operate national accreditation structure (b) to monitor and
administer the National Quality Campaign
Public Consultation

Workshops Q What is Accreditation?

A Accreditation is the formal recognition by an accreditation authority to the technical and organisational competence
Programmes
Information/Update/Alerts of a conformity assessment body to carry out a specific service in accordance to the standards and technical regulations
as described in their scope of accreditation. QCI is the accreditation authority in India.
QCI Archives

R.T.I./Policies/Grievances Q What does “conformity assessment” mean?

A At its simplest, “conformity assessment” means checking that products, materials, services, systems or people
measure up to the specifications of a relevant standard. For example, a customer may want to check that the product
he or she ordered from a supplier meets the purpose for which it is required. One of the most efficient ways to do this
when the specifications of the product have been defined in an International Standard. That way, both supplier and
customer are on the same wavelength, even if they are based in different countries, because they are both using the
same references. Conformity assessment is important to suppliers, consumers & regulators. It enables them to
demonstrate that the product(s) meet relevant design & safety standards and gives consumer competence when
selecting product in market place

Q Why is conformity assessment so important?

A Today, many products require testing for conformance with specifications or compliance with safety or other
regulations before they can be put on many markets. Even simpler products may require supporting technical
documentation that includes test data. With so much trade taking place across borders, it may just not be practical for
these activities to be carried out by suppliers and customers, but rather by specialized third parties. In addition,
national legislation may require such testing to be carried out by independent bodies, particularly when the products
concerned have health or environmental implications. In fact, conformity assessment has become an important
component of world trade which is most often carried out by specialist organizations, such as inspection and
certification bodies and testing laboratories. QCI coordinates programmes for conformity assessment and related
processes.

Q What is Certification?
A Certification is the procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process, system or
person conforms to specified requirements.

Q What is National Quality Campaign?

A In India awareness on Quality is still at a nascent state. There is need to propagate concepts of quality within all
suppliers of products and services especially on quality standards, quality tools and best practices. Equally consumers
must be empowered to demand quality. This can only happen when there is large scale quality campaign across the
country. The purpose of National Quality Campaign is to educate both suppliers and consumers on modern concepts of
quality. The campaign is carried out from funds received from Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).
The major activities under the campaign are awareness programmes, conduct of surveys, publications, media
campaign and specialized training courses. The activities are carried out by Council members and professional bodies.

Q What are the topics covered under awareness programmes?

A There are a range of topics that are covered in the awareness programmes. These includes
1. ISO 9001:2008 – Quality Management Systems
2. ISO 14001: 2004 – Environment Management Systems
3. OHSAS 18001:2007 – Occupational Health and Safety Management System
4. ISO 22001: 2005 – Food Safety Management System
5. IS 15700 – Requirements for QMS for Public Services
6. 5S & KAIZEN
7. 7 QC Tools
8. Total Productive Maintenance - Overview
9. Lean Manufacturing – Overview

Q Who runs Quality Council of India?

A All strategic decisions are taken by Council which consists of 38 members representing Government, Apex Level
Industry Associations, Quality Professional Bodies, Manufacturing Sector Associations, Service Sector Associations and
Consumer Organisations. It is headed by Chairman. Operations are managed by a Secretariat which is headed by
Secretary General.

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:: Quality Council of India >> Frequently Asked Questions :: http://www.qcin.org/faq.php

Q What are the activities of QCI?

A QCI operations are carried out by its constituent boards namely, National Accreditation Board for Certification
Bodies (NABCB), National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), National Accreditation Board for
Hospitals Healthcare Providers (NABH), National Board for Quality Promotion (NBQP) and National Accreditation Board
for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). Currently NABL operates under Department of Science and
Technology. For details of activities of various boards, please logon to the links of respective boards on our website.

Q What are the accreditation programmes of QCI?

A QCI runs accreditation programmes through its Boards. National Accreditation Board for Education & Training
(NABET) runs accreditation of schools based on ‘Accreditation Standard for Quality School Governance’. Similarly
National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) runs accreditation of hospitals, nursing
homes, blood banks, primary health centre / community health centre based on respective accreditation standards
developed by NABH. Details of these programmes are available on NABET and NABH links on our website respectively.

Q What benefits does QCI bring to businesses?

A By providing national accreditation structure QCI facilitates trade and business across the world. By developing
accreditation schemes specific to the field of education and healthcare QCI helps organisations in these fields in their
journey for excellence. Through its national quality campaign programmes QCI help businesses to upgrade their
quality performance.

Q How QCI is different from BIS?

A The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the National Standards Body of India, is a statutory body set up under the
Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986. The Bureau is a body corporate and responsible for formulating National
Standards. It comprises of members representing the Industry, Consumer Organizations, Scientific & Research
Institutes and Professional Bodies, Technical Institutions, Central ministries, State Governments and Members of
Parliament.
Its main activities are: Standards Formulation, Certification, Laboratory Testing, Calibration and Management,
Standards Promotion and Training, International Cooperation in the field of Standards.
Quality Council of India (QCI) is National Accreditation body. It is an autonomous body under Department of Industrial
Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Its main activities are development and implement accreditation schemes through its
constituent boards, promotion of quality, both national and international levels.

Q Can an organisation or individual become a member of QCI?

A Currently QCI does not operate any membership scheme. If and when membership scheme is developed the same
will be announced in QCI website. However, QCI operates through National Board for Education and Training
registration schemes for auditors, consultants, training course providers, environmental impact assessment consultant
etc. The details are available at NABET link on our website.

Q Does QCI conduct any training programmes?

A QCI under its national quality campaign programmes conducts awareness programmes, seminars, and
conferences. These are regularly announced on our website.

Q What are the publications of QCI?

A QCI publishes a magazine ‘Quality India’ on a regular basis. Quality India contains articles on trends and practices
in quality in various sectors like manufacturing, education, healthcare, public services, etc. QCI also publishes books
on emerging issues of quality. The recent publications of QCI are (i) ISO 9001:2008 – Small Changes Big Opportunities,
(ii) ISO 9001:2008 – Quality Management Systems; Auditing for Value Addition. If you wish to obtain QCI publications,
please contact: Avik Mitra, Advisor, National Board for Quality Promotion, Quality Council of India, email:
[email protected]

Q Does QCI have any award scheme?

A QCI operates an unique award scheme named as QCI – D.L. Shah National Awards on Economic of Quality. This
award has been instituted with a view to establish that bottomline benefits are achieved through quality initiatives. The
Award recognises successful project (case studies) of an organisation that have linked quality initiatives to real term
financial gains and competitiveness. The details of this award scheme are available on our website.

Q What role government play in QCI’s activities?

A QCI is an autonomous body under Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and
Industry. Secretary, Industrial Policy and Promotion is currently the Chairman of QCI. Representatives from several
government departments are Council members of QCI. QCI does enjoy a cooperative relationship with all departments
of Government. Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion provides direction to the National Quality Campaign
and also encourage other government departments to rely on voluntary standards and conformity assessment systems
to help government in fulfilling its mandate for providing solutions to critical quality issues in trade and business.

Q Does QCI provide any assistance to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)?
A QCI does not provide any financial assistance directly to MSMEs. However Ministry of MSME has made it
mandatory to use the services of NABET registered consultants and NABCB accredited certification bodies to avail of the
subsidy provided to a MSME unit for obtaining ISO 9001/ISO 14001 certification. QCI awareness programme at
industrial clusters are aimed for capacity building of MSME.

Q Does QCI directly receive any consumer complaints about quality?

A QCI directly does not receive any consumer complaints regarding any quality problem. However, if any complaint
pertains to certification body, then such a complaint can be made to Director, NABCB at the address given in the QCI
website.

Q Can QCI provide articles on quality for publication?

A If requested QCI have no restriction for publication of an article which has been printed in Quality India. However,

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:: Quality Council of India >> Frequently Asked Questions :: http://www.qcin.org/faq.php

acknowledgement for the same has to be mentioned very clearly and QCI reserves the right for such publication.

Q How do I get in touch with QCI?

A You can contact us through e-mail any time. Out office address is given below:
Quality Council of India
2nd Floor, Institution of Engineers Building
Bahadurshah Zafar Marg
New Delhi 110 002, India
Tel: +91-11-23379321, 23378056-57
Fax: +91-11-23379621

If you have a question concerning QCI that is not covered above, please send your enquiry to: [email protected]

For FAQs on NABCB, NABET & NABH please go to their links provided in our website or click on the following:
NABCB FAQ's
NABET FAQ's
NABH FAQ's
We will soon upload more FAQs on ‘Whats and Hows’ of QMS certification processes and how one should go about for
getting benefits from an effective QMS.

Website Compatibility
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The design is compatible with Internet Explorer 6.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Netscape 3.0, Opera 2.0, Google Crome 1.0 or higher versions.
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For any changes, suggestion or complaint regarding website please mail at [email protected].

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University Grants Commission (India) 1

University Grants Commission (India)

University Grants Commission
Abbreviation UGC

Formation December 28, 1953

Headquarters New Delhi

Location India

Chairman [1]
Ved Prakash

Affiliations Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development

Website [2]
www.ugc.ac.in

The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India is a statutory organisation set up by Union government in
1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. It provides
recognition for universities in India, and provides funds for government-recognised universities and colleges. Its
headquarters are in New Delhi, and six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and
[3]
Bangalore.

History
UGC was recommended in 1945 and formed in 1946 to oversee the work of the three Central Universities of
Aligarh, Banaras and, Delhi. In 1947, the Committee was entrusted with the responsibility of dealing with all the
then existing Universities. After independence, the University Education Commission was set up in 1948 under the
Chairmanship of S. Radhakrishna and it recommended that the UGC be reconstituted on the general model of the
University Grants Commission of the United Kingdom.
UGC was formally inaugurated by late Abul Kalam Azad, the then Minister of Education, Natural Resources and
Scientific Research on 28 December 1953.
However UGC was formally established in November 1956, by an Act of Parliament in 1956, as a statutory body of
the Government of India. In order to ensure effective region-wise coverage throughout the country, the UGC has
decentralised its operations by setting up six regional centres at Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal, Guwahati and
Bangalore. The head office of the UGC is located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg in New Delhi, with two additional
bureaus operating from 35, Feroze Shah Road and the South Campus of University of Delhi as well.

UGC's Mandate
The UGC has the unique distinction of being the only grant-giving agency in the country which has been vested with
two responsibilities: that of providing funds and that of coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in
institutions of higher education.
The UGC's mandate includes:
• Promoting and coordinating university education.
• Determining and maintaining standards of teaching, examination and research in universities.
• Framing regulations on minimum standards of education.
• Monitoring developments in the field of collegiate and university education; disbursing grants to the universities
and colleges.
• Serving as a vital link between the Union and state governments and institutions of higher learning.
University Grants Commission (India) 2

• Advising the Central and State governments on the measures necessary for improvement of university education.

Professional councils
UGC currently conducts NET for the appointments of teachers in colleges and universities. It has made NET
qualification mandatory for teaching at Graduation level and at Post Graduation level since July 2009. However,
those with Ph.D are given five percent relaxation.
Accreditation for higher learning over Universities under the aegis of University Grants Commission is overseen by
following sixteen autonomous statutory institutions :[4][5]
• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
• Distance Education Council (DEC)
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
• Bar Council of India (BCI)
• National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
• Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
• Medical Council of India (MCI)
• Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
• Indian Nursing Council (INC)
• Dental Council of India (DCI)
• Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH)
• Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
[5]
• Rehabilitation Council
• National Council for Rural Institutes
• State Councils of Higher Education
• Council of Architecture

Anti-Ragging Responsibilities
As per UGC Regulations On Curbing The Menace Of Ragging In Higher Educational Institutions, 2009.

Plans for closing

In 2009, the Union Minister of Education made open the government of India's plans to close down UGC and the
related body All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), in favour of a higher regulatory body with more
sweeping powers.[6] As of 2012 the UGC still operates.

References
[1] Prof. Ved Prakash (http:/ / www. ugc. ac. in/ orgn/ vedprakash. html)
[2] http:/ / www. ugc. ac. in/
[3] University Grants Commission (http:/ / india. gov. in/ sectors/ education/ uni_commission. php) Govt. of India website.
[4] "Higher education in India" (http:/ / www. education. nic. in/ higedu. asp). Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource
Development, Government of India. . Retrieved 2009-11-16.
[5] "Professional Councils" (http:/ / www. ugc. ac. in/ inside/ pcouncil. html). 'University Grants Commission' (UGC) website. .
[6] "UGC, AICTE to be scrapped: Sibal" (http:/ / igovernment. in/ site/ UGC-AICTE-to-be-scrapped-Sibal/ ). iGovernment.in. . Retrieved 29
November 2011.
University Grants Commission (India) 3

External links
• UGC official web site (http://www.ugc.ac.in)
Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and Contributors

University Grants Commission (India)  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=481759764  Contributors: Aaditya 7, Abecedare, Askatil, Barek, Belasd, Bigsuperindia, CaliEd,
Cameron Scott, Cibu, Cleojohn1268, Colonies Chris, D6, DebashisM, Ekabhishek, Explicit, FGT2, Fundamental metric tensor, GDibyendu, Gauravsinghal2, Geniac, Grbpradeep, Green Giant,
Gsingh, Gurubrahma, Hu12, IndianGeneralist, Katyare, Kaushal mehta, Kevyn, Kkbairi, Mr link, Muhandes, Murughendra, Nashadelic, Nomi887, Olivier, Orlady, Perambra, Pmalik1986,
Polluxian, Raghavkvp, Rama's Arrow, RussBlau, Shyamsunder, Siddhartha Ghai, Tanzeelahad, The wub, Utcursch, Wifione, Woohookitty, Zzuuzz, 28 anonymous edits

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