SEAMANSHIP II
Stress tables and stress
calculating equipment
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of the topic, the cadets should be able to:
● Demonstrate knowledge about stress tables and stress
calculating equipment
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Requirements for Loading Conditions, Loading Manuals
and Loading Instruments
IACS considers that this Requirement satisfies Regulation 10(1)
of the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966.
S1.1 General
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
S1.1.1 Application
These requirements apply to all classed sea-going ships of
65m in length and above which are contracted for construction
on or after 1st July 1998, and contain minimum requirements
for loading guidance information.
For CSR Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, these requirements
apply in addition to those of the Common Structural Rules.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
S1.1.2 Definitions
Loading Manual:
A Loading Manual is a document which describes:
- the loading conditions on which the design of the ship has
been based, including permissible limits of still water bending
moment and shear force
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
- the results of the calculations of still water bending moments,
shear forces and where applicable, limitations due to torsional
and lateral loads
- the allowable local loading for the structure (hatch covers,
decks, double bottom, etc.)
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
2.4 Operation Manual
2.4.1 A uniquely identified ship specific operation manual
should be submitted to the Society for review.
2.4.2 The operation manual should be written in a concise and
unambiguous manner.
The use of illustrations and flowcharts is recommended.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
2.4.3 The operation manual should contain;
1. A general description of the program denoting identification
of the program and its version number stated.
2. Where applicable, a copy of the Certificate of Approval, or
equivalent, signifying approval of the calculation program;
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
3. Details of the hardware specification needed to run the
loading program;
4. A description of error messages and warnings likely to be
encountered and unambiguous instructions for subsequent
actions to be taken by the user in each case;
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
5. Light shipweight and co-ordinates of its centre of gravity;
6. Full deadweight description of each test condition;
7. A list of the permissible still water shear forces and still
water bending moments assigned by the Society in addition to
the permissible cargo torque, where applicable;
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
8. Where applicable, the shear force correction factors;
9. Where applicable, local permissible limits for single and two
adjacent hold loading as a function of the appropriate draught
and the maximum weight for each hold.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
10. An example of a calculation procedure supported by
illustrations and sample computer output;
11. Example computer output of each screen display, complete
with explanatory text.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Figure shows a typical hydrostatic table.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Trim and stability booklet for cargo ships - how to use
them
Commercial ships usually have a trim and stability booklet
which may contain either curves of form or hydrostatic tables
and stability and trim characteristics for various conditions of
loading. A typical trim and stability booklet will contain the
following data:
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
i) Vessel characteristics, including principal dimensions, tonnage,
location of draft marks, builder, official and registry numbers, etc.
ii) Instructions for use of the nomograms, curves, and other data
in the booklet to calculate stability and trim of the vessel for given
loading conditions.
iii) General operating instructions and precautions.
iv) Tabulated tank and hold capacities.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
v) Hydrostatic properties (KM, LCB, LCF, etc.) tabulated or
plotted as a function of mean draft.
vi) Metacentric Height (GM) diagram, showing GM for
tabulated conditions of loading and minimum required GM for
vessel service.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
vii) Trim diagram to calculate vessel trim when weights are
added at locations other than the vessel center of gravity.
viii) Weight distribution and stability information for various
conditions of loading.
ix) Liquid loading diagram, showing the location, capacity, and
effect on list and trim of the ship’s tanks.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
STRESS TABLES AND STRESS CALCULATING EQUIPMENT
Functional requirements:
1. deadweight data
2. lightship data
3. trim
4. draft at the draft marks and perpendiculars
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
4. summary of loading condition displacement, VCG, LCG and, if
applicable, TCG
5. downflooding angle and corresponding downflooding opening
6. compliance with stability criteria: Listing of all calculated
stability criteria, the limit values, the obtained values and the
conclusions (criteria fulfilled or not fulfilled)
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Loading Instrument
A loading instrument is an instrument, which is either analogue
or digital, by means of which it can be easily and quickly
ascertained that, at specified read-out points, the still water
bending moments, shear forces, and the still water torsional
moments and lateral loads, where applicable, in any load or
ballast condition will not exceed the specified permissible values.
An operational manual is always to be provided for the loading
instrument. Single point loading instruments are not acceptable.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Category I Ships
• Ships with large deck openings where combined stresses due
to vertical and horizontal hull girder bending and torsional and
lateral loads have to be considered;
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
• Ships liable to carry non-homogeneous loadings, where the
cargo and/or ballast may be unevenly distributed. Ships less than
120 metres in length, when their design takes into account
uneven distribution of cargo or ballast, belong to
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Category II;
• Chemical tankers and gas carriers.
Stress tables and stress calculating equipment
Category II Ships
• Ships with arrangement giving small possibilities for variation
in the distribution of cargo and ballast, and ships on regular
and fixed trading pattern where the Loading Manual gives
sufficient guidance, and in addition the exception given under
Category I.
