303 M high - 25 M deep excavation

Davy Sukamta, P.E.

Principal Davy Sukamta & Partners
Anggota PUSGEN dan TABG DKI Jakarta

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 63-story + 7-level basement structure
303 meters high - 25 meters deep excavation

Indonesia-1 is the first development of China Sonangol in Indonesia

Location is in the best premium financial district of Jakarta
The development must offer the highest grade of office space
The two towers fit the purpose
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The first super-tall building designed by Indonesians from concept to construction

1. Design Concept
2. Seismic Design
3. Wind Effects
4. Foundation System
5. Deep Excavation
6. Use of BIM Technology
7. Construction Aspects

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The first super-tall building designed by Indonesians from concept to construction

Engineering makes creative and efficient use of structural elements and materials
to build tall buildings

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 Engineering has been an aspect of life
Since the beginning of human existance

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2500 BC: Use of lime & gypsum mortar for binding agent 126 AD: Largest unreinforced concrete dome

Engineering makes creative and efficient

use of structural elements and materials
to build tall buildings

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Composite Concrete Steel Construction

Concrete grade 70 MPa

Steel ASTM A992 grade 50

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 South Tower North Tower

FLOOR SYSTEM

RC slab on metal deck

Composite steel beam
RC column + steel erection
column

LATERAL

SINGLE SYSTEM
RC coupled wall + outrigger

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 High-strength concrete in Indonesia
1994: 60 MPa 2014: 70 MPa

- Mix design
- Apply on actual site condition
- Take samples
- Analyze and resume

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 Data from real projects collected in 2014

F’c (56-day) = 70 MPa

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 Floor System

Concrete floor on metal deck

Composite steel beam
Steel erection column
Pin connection

9 months faster than conventional RC floor system

Reduce the structural weight by 28.5%
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 Structural scheme – typical floor

Design Criteria Concrete floor on metal deck

- Serviceability LS: Deflection & vibration Composite steel beam
- Ultimate LS Steel erection column
Pin connections
The bare steel frame is designed to take
the load of 6 floors before the steel column
is encased in concrete following unequal
height and synchronous rise technique.

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 Unequal Height Synchronous Rise

1. Core wall

2. Steel frame

3. RC column

4. Metal Deck + RC slab

6 months faster than conventional RC floor system

Reduce the structural weight by 28.5%

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 3-story bare steel frame
3-story steel frame + composite floors
Concrete encased columns below
1. Core wall

3. Erection column
2. Steel frame

4. RC column

6 months faster than conventional RC floor system

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 Unequal Height Synchronous Rise
The3-story
barebare
steelsteel frame
frame is designed to take
3-story steel of
the load frame + composite
6 floors before floors
the steel column
Encasediscolumns
encased below
in concrete

Design must consider the method of construction

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Detail of Steel Erection Column
+ Column Steel Reinforcement

Tremie pipe

Erection Column

Constructibility & detailing taken into consideration

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 Non-prescriptive
RC Coupled wall
+ outrigger
Performance-based

Dominant
high mode effect

Non-linearity
considered

Analysis method:
Modal Push-over
+ NLTHA
SNI 1726:2012
ASCE 7-10 PEER-TBI MCEr Target spectra
FEMA 440 ATC 72-1
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 Performance-Based Seismic Design

Nonlinear modeling

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1. Struktur mempunyai respons elastik pada taraf SLE (gempa
43-tahun = 50/30) dan akan mengalami kerusakan kecil
saja yang mudah diperbaiki.

2. Struktur mampu menerima MCE (gempa 2475-tahun )

- Tanpa kehilangan kapasitas pendukung beban gravitasi
- Elemen penahan lateral penting tidak mengalami inelastic
strain yang akan mendegradasi kekuatannya
- Tidak terjadi simpangan lateral permanen atau simpangan
yang mengarah kepada instabilitas struktur secara global

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 Force-Controlled Deformation-Controlled
Deformation-Controlled Components
Components
Components:
Force-Controlled Item Value
MustComponents:
be capable of Story Drift 3% under MCE
developing strength
Must be capable of Coupling Beam Rotation (Frame
0.04 radian rotation limit
atdeveloping
performance point
strength
Type)

without brittle failure

at performance point Coupling Beam Rotation (Diagonal
0.06 radian rotation limit
& Hybrid)
without brittle failure
Core Wall Reinforcement Axial Rebar tensile strain = 0.05 in tension
Strain and 0.02 in compression

Fully Confined Concrete

Core Wall Concrete Axial Strain
Compression Strain = 0.015

Verification performed for elastic

Core Wall Shear
behavior

Verification performed for elastic

Outrigger Column Axial and Shear
behavior

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Evaluation of deformation-controlled components

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Assessment of concrete and steel rebar stresses
in the core-wall

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Selection and Scaling of Ground Motion for NLTHA

Scaling to Sa_maxDir

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 USE OF GM ON
MODEL
A N A LYS I S

 GERAK TANAH
DITERAPKAN PADA
LEVEL MUKA FUNDASI
(DASAR BESMEN JIKA Pemodelan harus mengikut-sertakan struktur besmen
ADA BESMEN)
 PASANGAN GROUND
MOTION (2KOMPONEN
HORISONTAL)
DITERAPKAN SECARA
BERSAMAAN
 UNTUK SITUS DEKAT
PATAHAN, ORIENTASI
KOMPONEN GM HARUS
KONSISTEN DENGAN
ORIENTASI PATAHAN

KOGEI XI – PIT XXIII 2019

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SNI 8899:2020

MAXIMUM DIRECTION
(SNI 1726:2019, clause 11)

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Flowchart untuk prosedur GMSM sesuai RSNI 1726: 2019

1.Target Spectrum
MAXIMUM
2.GMSM DIRECTION
(SNI 1726:2019
PASAL 11)

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 C A S E S T U DY

MEAN
S P E C T RU M
M AT C H I N G

 METODE
TIME-DOMAIN
(RSPMatch 2009 –
Abrahamson)
 KARAKTER NON-
STATIONARY
HARUS
DIPERTAHANKAN
 INTENSITAS ARIAS
HARUS
DIPERTAHANKAN

KOGEI XI – PIT XXIII 2019

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 STUDI KASUS – JAKARTA (SE )

Amplitude Scaling Mean Spectral Matching

 WIND EFFECTS

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 S (n)
F

Force

n0
log(n)

2
H(n)
1
2z

Forces due to wind action D.A.F

Wind induced motion and 1

human perception n0 log(n)

Basic wind speed (3-sec gust): k 2 Sx(n)

19.1 m/sec 1 year wind
40.9 m/sec 700 year wind AR Response
Boundary layer wind tunnel test AB
HFPI method
n0 log(n)

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 Wind Design Criteria

Servicability Limit States

- Deflection / Drift
- Occupant Comfort: Accelerations & Torsional Velocities
- Pedestrian Wind Comfort & Safety

Ultimate Limit States

The relevant criteria for occupant comfort
- Strength due to wind-induced building accelerations
- Aeroelastic Stability are calculated based on the natural
frequency of the tower that corresponds to
the mode of motion governed by the peak
acceleration response

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 Structural Damping

Basic Wind Speed for Jakarta

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 3-D model
for wind tunnel test

Pressure model test

High-Frequency Pressure Integration Method

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 North Tower South Tower

Maximum Combined 1-year return period, Peak Building Acceleration

Combined Acceleration Criteria for Occupant Comfort

1 year return period Peak Rotational Velocities at Top Level

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 FOUNDATION SYSTEM

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Foundation System: Post-grouted deep bored-pile

4.75 KM less total boring length

Reduce the risk of soil collapse
Saving 9,250 cu.m of concrete
Saving time 3 months

Post-grouting to increase skin friction

Diameter 1500 mm
Effective length 65 meters
Total boring depth 90 meters
Allowable capacity: 1400 tons
SF = 2.5
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 Scheme for bored-pile with post-grout

EGL

Blind boring = 25m

Ltotal = 90m

Leff = 65m

Lgrout (shaft grout)

Base grout

Diameter 1500 mm - Allowable capacity: 1400 tons SF = 2.5

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 Foundation System: Post-grouted deep bored-pile
1. Conventional Bored-pile: 120 meters drilling 2. Composite steel beam floor system
vs post grouted bored-pile: 90 meters drilling vs Conventional RC floor system :
Less 4.75 KM drilling length 28.5% weight reduction
Saving in time: 3 months Saving in time: 6 months
Saving in material cost: 16.0 billions rupiah

Load test 2.5 x 1400 tons

Grout pipe

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 Results of test TP-1 and TP-5

 Piles behaves
elastically

 Piles are able to

take 250% of the
working load

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 Load Transfer Measurement of TP-3

blind
boring

grouted

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7-level basement structure 25M excavation depth Top-down construction
Dense urban setting Existing Buildings Direct MRT Connection

BASEMENT STRUCTURE
Jl.Thamrin
Designing for Construction Tolerance

Cideng Canal MRT Connection

Embassy of Japan

Plaza Indonesia
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 Designing for Construction Tolerance
Basement Plan

Core-wall
zone

Excavation Method
Stability of Excavation
Removal of Soil
Strutting System
Work Sequence
MRT Connection Surrounding Condition
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 Use of RC slab as strut gives the required
rigid support for the diaphragm wall

Design the work sequence then sequential

analysis must follow
Design the D-wall and king-post

Check the stresses in the basement slab

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 DW, BP, KP Cast B-1 slab

Start at B-1
FW for slab

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 1000 mm thick DW – 38M long

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 The deepest basement structure in Indonesia
Excavation depth 25 meters
7-level

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 Headroom

Design for adequate headroom

Starter bars for composite column installed

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 KING POST

Designing for Construction Tolerance

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 Designing for Construction Tolerance

Life is not always beautiful

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 3-D F.E.Model for 7-Level Basement Structure including openings:
Analyzing the stresses at basement slabs due to soil pressure

Ramp opening

- In-plane stresses in slab

- Effect of openings
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 Comparison of S12 diagram – No openings vs Openings

Corner Ramp

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Construction of Corner Ramp Arch Action

Steel Strut

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Careful planning on position of struts vs RC beams and columns

No clash

No clash

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RAMP STUDY: Stress Contour at Ramp B5-B6 (S12)

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 F11 - Ramp & Wall

Local Axis
Ramp
1

Local Axis
2 Wall
1

Arch effect on ramp and retaining structure

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 Axial force diagram on radial and ring beams

115
ton-f
257
145
ton-f
ton-f

263
ton-f

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 22 3
31
2 11
3

100.4
468.5 ton.m
350 ton.m
ton.m
6.2 1.5 Momen 2-2 pada Kolom
ton.m ton.m bagian Ramp
Momen 2-2 pada Balok Ramp

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 Momen M3-3 pada Kolom Sisi
Dalam Ramp

428
ton.m

1271
ton.m

1030
897
ton.m
ton.m

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 Well-planned Radial Beam Position

No clash

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 Construction of MRT Station Connection

Working Space

Well-planned Steel Strut Position

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 Construction of MRT Station Connection

No clash

Well-planned Steel Strut Position

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Direct connectionMRT
to MRT Station from the basement
Connection

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 Construction Methods
Construction Equipment
Cycle per Floor

CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS

6 months faster than conventional RC floor system

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 Challenges in the Construction of
Super-tall Buildings

Construction cycle per floor

Construction method and technology

Formwork system + Crane Special equipment

Pumping concrete to great height

Surveying and monitoring

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 Self-climbing Formwork & Crane

Use of high-capacity luffing jib crane

Use of self-climbing formwork

Crane capacity:
32 tons @ 4 meters,
5.4 tons @ 50 meters

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Horizontal pipe fixed to GF by steel support Fix vertical pipes along the RC wall
With supporting U pipe clamps

Pumping up to 300 M

Pumping pressure required = 16.3 MPa

Fix the pipe in the upper floors with pipe clamps,
steel supports. Fixing at max. 3 meters

Peristaltic concrete pump dengan kemampuan tinggi

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 Pumping up to 300 M

Hydraulic placing boom

Hydraulic Climbing Formwork R = 21 meters

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 Testing Methods
Slump-flow (SF) Test
Flowability
Viscosity
Four Key T500 or V-funnel (VF)

Characteristic
Passing Segregation
Ability Resistance
L-box
Segregation Resistance
Test (Sieve Test)
 Special Mix for High Performance Concrete

Pumping up to 300 M

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 The “Cube” – Crown Structure
45x45x45 M

A complex system, climatized, finished, installed w MEP equipment:

- Requires collaboration among design professionals
- Degree of safety: Risk involved > Code & wind tunnel test
- Accomplish its function

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 Globe Structure and Façade Support
Struktur Fasad

Use of BIM Technology

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 BIM & SAP Model

The “Cube” – Crown Structure

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 BIM & SAP Model

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The LINK BRIDGE
Kantilever 20-27M

20-27M

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 Perancangan Truss:
Transfer gaya dari baja ke Core-wall beton

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 Horisontal brace

Horisontal brace

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Load-path: Transfer gaya dari elemen baja ke Core-wall beton

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Analisis FEM untuk sambungan struktur baja

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 Transferring the forces to RC core-wall

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 Transferring the forces to RC core-wall

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 Post-grouted high-capacity deep bored-pile

Top-down construction

Hydraulic self-climbing formwork for core

Composite construction

Unequal height synchronous rise construction

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 Use of Structural Geometry
Innovations for Indonesia-1

Post-grout Boredpile
Post-grouted bored-pile Top-Down Construction

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 Innovations in Indonesia-1

Unequal height synchronous rise

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Innovations in Indonesia-1

Coupled Core-wall & Outrigger

Rigorous analysis methods for design

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 Innovations in Indonesia-1

Constructibility & detailing taken into consideration

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 Indonesia-1 under Construction

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The design of Indonesia-1 Tower is performed by all Indonesians,
starting from the conceptual design to the working drawings,
specification, and to site supervision as Resident Engineers

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The first super-tall building designed by Indonesians from concept to construction

Indonesia Bisa!
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