DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

1 In side diamentions 3.00 m x 3.00 m

2
3 Live load 3.1457 t/m
4 Unit Wieght of soil 2 t/m3
5 Angle of repose 35 Degree
6 Nominal cover top / bottom 50 mm Nominal cover side 75 mm
6 Cocrete M- 25 wt. of concrete 2.5 t/m3
7 Height of earth cushion 0 m
8 Steel Fe 500
9 Thickess of side wall 300 mm
Thickness of top slab 300 mm
Thickness of bottom slab 300 mm
10 Summery of Reinforcement
Top slab Main 20 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
At supports 12 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
Bottom slab Main 20 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm F @ 200 mm c/c
At supports 12 mm F @ 200 mm c/c Through out slab at bottom

Side vertical wall Vertical 20 mm F @ 250 mm c/c Both side

Distribution 12 mm F @ 200 mm c/c

Spacing Spacing L-
11 Shear reinforcement
W- wise wise
Top slab Shear links 10 dia @ 100 c/c 100 c/c
Bottom slab Shear links 10 dia @ 100 c/c 100 c/c
Side wall Shear links 10 dia @ 100 c/c 100 c/c
Intensity of live Load for class 70R Tracked vehicle :

W= PI/bef
Where
P = Wheel load
I = impact factor
bef = effective width of dispersion

Effective width of dispersion for a single wheel load is

bef = α a (1- a / lo)+bw

Here , B = 7.5 m
lo = 3.3 m
B/l = 7.5/3.3 = 2.273
a = 1.50 m
From clause 305.16,IRC 21:2000, For this B/l value
α = 2.6
bef = 2.6x1.5(1-1.5/3.3) +0.84+2*0.075
3.117 m
Net effective width of dispersion for tracks,after allowing for overlap is
= 1.2+0.42+2.05+3.117/2
= 5.2285 m
Effective length of dispersion is
lef = 4.57+2 (0.3+0.075) = 5.32 m
This length is greater than the actual span available, Therefore,the intensity of live load
needs to be reduced proportionately.
Reduced load = 700x3.3 = 434.211 KN
5.32
Impact factor :
Impact factor is 25% for spans upto 5 m,Linearly reducing to 10% for span of 9m

Load with impact effect = 1.25x434.211

= 542.764 KN
Intensity of live load on slab = 542.764
3.3x5.2285
2 2
= 31.457 KN/m = 3.1457 t/m
 DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT
1 In side diamentions 3 x 3 m
3 Live load 3.1457 t/m2
4 Unit Wieght of soil 2 N/m3 wt. of water 0.98 t/m3
5 Angle of repose 35 Degree
6 Nominal cover top/bottom 50 mm Nominal cover Side 75 mm
6 Cocrete M- 25 wt. of concrete 2.5 t/m3

7 Steel Fy 500

1 Solution Genral
For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.
The analysis is done for the following cases.
(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.

Let the thicness of Horizontal slab 300 mm = 0.3 m

Vertical wall thicness 300 mm = 0.3 m
Effective slab span 3 + 0.3 = 3.3 m
Effective Height of wall 3 + 0.3 = 3.3 m

Partial Safety Factor Ref: IRC 6:2017 Table B.2

Basic Accid Normal
Combin ental Combin
ation Combi ation
Dead load 1.35 1.00 1.35
SIDL 1.35 1.00 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 1.00 1.75
Live Load 1.5 0.75 0.00
Braking 1.5 0.75 0.00
E.P. due to backfill
Pressure 1.50 1.00 1.50
C.F Force 1.50 0.75 0.00
Wind 1.50 0.00 0.00
Water Current 1.00 1.00 1.00
Seismic 0.00 0.00 1.50
Temperature 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight of top slab = 1.35 x 0.3 x 1x 1x 2.5 = 1.0125 t/m2
Weight of earth cushion = 1.35 x 0 x 1x 1x 2= 0 t/m2
Weight of wearing coat = 1.75 x 1x 1x 0.3 = 0.525 t/m2
Live load and dead load = 1.5 ( 3.146 + 0) = 4.7186 t/m2
Total load on top = 6.2561 t/m2
Weight of side wall = 1.35 x 3.3 x 0.3 x 2.5 = 3.3413 t/m2
\ Upward soil reaction at base = ( 6.256 x 3.3 )+( 2 x 3.341 )= 8.281 t/m2
3.3
φ = 35 ˚ = 0.611 rad
β = 0 ˚ = 0.000 rad
δ = 22.5 ˚ = 0.393 rad
α = 0 ˚ = 0.000 rad
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure
2
cos ( φ - α)
Ka = 2
2
cos α cos ( δ + α) 1+ sin ( φ + δ) sin(φ - β)
cos ( δ + α) cos (α-β)

Ka = 0.244
\ Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka `
p = 4.719 x 0.244 = 1.15133 t/m2
Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h = 0.244 x 1.50 x 2 h= 0.73 h
Hence total pressure = 1.151 + 0.732 h
Latral presure intencity at top = 1.15133 t/m2
Latral pressure intencity at bottom = 1.151 + 0.732 x 3.3 = 3.56693 t/m2
w= 6.2561 t/m2
Fig 1 show the box culvert 1.1513 1.1513262
frame ABC D, along with the external
A E B
loads, Due to symmetry, half of
frame (i.e. AEFD ) of box culvert is
considered for moment distribution. h 3.30
Since all the members have uniform 1.1513262 3.30
thickness, and uniform diamentions, 0.732 h
the relative stiffness K for AD will be
D F C
equal to 1 while the relative stiffness
3.5669 1.1513262 2.4156
for AE and DF will be 1/2.
w = 8.2811 t/m2
Fig 1

1 1/2
Distribution factore for AD and DA= = 2/3 Distribution factore for AB and DC= = 1/3
1+1/2 1+1/2
wL2 6.256 x 3.3 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -5.6774 t-m
12 12

Mfdc= +
wL2
=
8.281 x 3.3 2= 7.51505 t - m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 15

MFAD = +
1.151 x 3.3 2
+ 2.416 x 3.3
x
3.3 = 2 t-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15

MFDA = -
1.151 x 3.3 2-
- 2.416 x 3.3
x
3.3 = -1 -1 = -2
12 2 10
 The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 4 6.25605 4
7.515053 -2 2 -6 3

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 10.3224825 10.3224825
Member DC DA AD AB 3
4
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 1 5
Fix end moment 7.515053 -2 2 -6 A A
Balance -2 -3 2 1 4 1.65
Carry over 1 -2
2
balance 0 -1 1 1 3.3 m
Carry over 1 0
balance 0 0 0 0 6 1.65
Carry over 0 0 2 D D
balance 0 0 0 0 4 5 5
6
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0 14 14
Carry over 0 0 5
balance 0 0 0 0
Carry over 0 0 8
balance 0 0 0 0 Fig 2
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0
Final moment 6 -6 4 -4

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 6.25605 t/m2.

Vertical reactionat A and B = 0.5 x 6.25605 x 3.3 = 10.3225 t/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 8.281 t/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 8.28105 x 3.30 = 13.6637 t
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.30 )+ 4 - 6 + 1.151 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 2 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 1/3
-ha x 3.30 + -2 + 6.26897 + 4.38431
From which, ha = 3
Hence , hd =( 1.151 + 3.567 )x 3.30 - 3 = 5 t
2
6.25605 x 3.30 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 9 t-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 9 - 4 = 5 t-m
2
8.28105 x 3.30 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 11.2726 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 11.27257931 - 6 = 5 t-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
1.1513262 x 3.30 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 2.416 x 3.30 2= 3.211361
8
6 + 4
Net B.M. = = 5 - 3.211 = 2 t-m
2
3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.
In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and 0.98 x 3.30 = 3.234 t/m2
At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure
considered in case 1. The various pressures are
w= 6.2561 t/m2
marked in fig 3 .The vertical walls will thus be
subjected to a net latral pressure of 1.1513262 1.1513262 1.1513262
Itensity = 1.151 t/m2 At the Top 0.8184

Net latral pressure diagram

A E B
And = 3.567 - 3.234
= 0.333 t/m2 at the bottom 3.30
3.30

D F C
3.5669262 3.5669262 0.33293
w = 8.2811 t/m2
Fig 3
wL2 = 6.256 x 3.30 2=
Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= -5.6774 t-m
12 12

Mfdc=
wL2
=
8.281 x 3.3 2= 7.51505 t - m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + +
12 10

MFAD = +
0.333 x 3.3 2
+ 0.818 x 3.3
x
3.3 = 1 t-m
12 2 10
pL2 WL
MFDA = - -
12 15

MFDA = -
0.333 x 3.3 2
- 0.818 x 3.3
x
3.3 = -1 t -m
12 2 15
 The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 4 6.25605 4
7.515053 -1 1 -6 2

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint D A 10.3224825 10.3224825
Member DC DA AD AB
4
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 1 2 5
Fix end moment 7.515053 -1 1 -6 A A
Balance -2 -5 3 2 4 1.65
Carry over 2 -2
3
balance -1 -1 2 1 3.3
Carry over 1 -1
balance 0 -1 0 0 5 1.65
Carry over 0 0 0 D D
balance 0 0 0 0 1 6
5
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0 14 14
Carry over 0 0 1
balance 0 0 0 0
Carry over 0 0 8
balance 0 0 0 0 Fig 4
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0
Final moment 5 -5 4 -4

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 6.25605 t/m2.

Vertical reaction at A and B = 0.5 x 6.25605 x 3.3 = 10.3225 t/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 8 t/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 8 x 3.30 = 13.6637 t
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.30 )+ 4 - 5 + 0.333 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 1/2
+ 1/2 x 1 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 2/3
-ha x 3.30 + -1 + 1.81278 + 2.97079
From which, ha = 2
Hence , hd =( 0.333 + 1 )x 3.30 - 2 = 1 t
2
6.25605 x 3.30 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 9 t-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 9 - 4 = 5 t-m
2
8 x 3.30 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 11.2726 t -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 11.27257931 - 5 = 6 t-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
0.3329262 x 3.30 2+
Simply supporetd at mid sapn = 1/16 x 0.818 x 3.30 2= 1.010219
8
5 + 4
Net B.M. = = 5 - 1.01 = 3 t-m
2
4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '= 6.25605 t/m2
and the bottom slab is subjected to a load w= 6.2561 t/m2

Net latral pressure diagram

Itensity = 8.281 t/m2 0 0
Lateral pressure due to dead load = A E B 0

1/3 x 0 = 0 t/m2
Lateral pressure due to soil = 3.30
1/3 x 2 = 0.667 t/m2 3.30
Hence earth pressure at depth h is =
0 + 0.667 h D F C
2.2 2.2 0.8184
Earth pressure intensity at top = 0 t/m2 3.234 w= 8.2811 t/m2 3.234
Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom= 0 + 0.667 x 3.30 = 2.2 t/m2
In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and 3.234
t/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

wL2 6.256 x 3.30 2=

Fix end moments will be as under : MFAB= = -5.6774 t-m
12 12

Mfdc=
wL2
=
8.281 x 3.3 2= 7.51505 t - m
12 12
pL2 WL Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
MFAD = + -
12 15

MFAD = +
0 x 3.3 2
- 0.818 x 3.3
x
3.3 = -1 t-m
12 2 15
pL2 WL 0- 0.297
MFDA = - +
12 10

MFDA = -
0x 3.3 2
0.818 x
- 3.3
x
3.3 = 0 t -m
12 2 10
The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.
Fixed End Moments
Member DC DA AD AB 3 6.25605 3
7.515053 0 -1 -6 =
The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1
Joint D A 10.3224825 10.322483
Member DC DA AD AB
3
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 0 6
Fix end moment 7.515053 0 -1 -6 A A
Balance -3 -5 4 2 3 1.65
Carry over 2 -3
4
balance -1 -1 2 1 3.3
Carry over 1 -1
balance 0 -1 0 0 4 1.65
Carry over 0 0 0D D
balance 0 0 0 0 1 7
4
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0 14 14
Carry over 0 0 1
balance 0 0 0 0
Carry over 0 0 8
balance 0 0 0 0 Fig 4
Carry over 0 0
balance 0 0 0 0
Final moment 4 -4 3 -3
 For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @ 6.25605 t/m2.
Vertical reaction at A and B = 0.5 x 6.25605 x 3.3 = 10.3225 t
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @ 8 t/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5 x 8 x 3.30 = 13.6637 t
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x 3.30 )+ 3 - 4 + 0 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 1/2
- 1/2 x 1 x 3.30 x 3.30 x 1/3
-ha x 3.30 + -1 + 0 - 1
From which, ha = 1
Hence , hd =( 1 x 3.30 )- 0x 3.30 - 1 = 0.35036
2
6.25605 x 3.30 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E = 9 t-m
8
Net B.M. at E = 9 - 3 = 6 t-m
8 x 3.30 2=
Similarly, free B.M. at F = 11.2726 t -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 11.27257931 - 4 = 7 t-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
0 x 3.30 2+
Simply supporetd at mid span = 1/16 x 1 x 3.30 2= 0.557024
8
4 + 3
Net B.M. = = 4 + 0.557 = 4 t-m
2

5 Design of top slab :

The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
Case B.M. at Center (E) B.M. at ends (A) Shear force
(i) 5.00 4.00 10.32
(II) 5.00 4.00 10.32
(II) 6.00 3.00 10.32

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 6.00 t -m

Maximum S.F. = 10.32 t
6 Design of bottom slab:
The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Shear Force
(i) 5.27 6.00 13.66
(II) 6.27 5.00 13.66
(II) 7.27 4.00 13.66

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 7.27 t -m

Maximum S.F. = 13.66 t
7 Design of side wall:
The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case B.M. at Center (F) B.M. at ends (D) Direct force (ha) Shear force
(i) 1.79 6.00 13.66 5.00
(II) 3.49 5.00 13.66 1.00
(II) 4.06 4.00 13.66 1.00

The section will be design for maximum B.M. = 6.00 t -m, and direct force = 13.66 t
Maximum shear force = 5.00 t
DESGN OF SIDE WALL : (Refer: Clause 7.6.4. IRC 112-2011)
The Side wall is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterstic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy = 500 Mpa

Design Moment per unit width = 6 t-m/m

Overall Depth = 300 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 20 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 50 + 20 / 2 = 60 mm
Effective Depth, d = 300 - 60 = 240 mm
Width of BOX Considered = 1000 mm

Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Mu = 6 t-m/m
0.5
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 120.60 mm < 240 mm OK `
Limiting moment of resistsnce :
Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 23.76 t-m/m > 6 t-m/m OK

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req =
fy
2
= 605.5584 mm
Minimum required tensile steel =
2
605.558+172.579(due to shear) = 778.138 mm
Minimum Reinforcement area for each face of wall = 0.0012 x Ac
(Cl. 16.3.1 IRC : 112-2011) = 360 mm2/m
= 0.13 % of b d
= ( 0.13 / 100 ) x 240 x 1000
2
= 390 mm /m
fctm = 2.2
fyk = 500.00
2
0.26 fctm/fyk .bd = 274.56 mm /m
2
Asmin = 390 mm /m
Minimum diameter of bar for vertical reinforcemt should not be less than 12 mm and distance between two adjecent vertical
bars shall not exceed 200 mm.

Provide T- 20 @ 250 mm c/c In LAYER I

2
Area of Steel Provided = ( π / 4 )20^2 x 1000 / 250 = 1257 mm
Provide T- 0@ 135 mm c/c In LAYER II
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 135 0 mm
Total area of Longitudinal Steel Provided,Ast = 1257 + 0
 2
= 1257 mm /m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 1257 mm /m > 778.138 mm /m ,OK
Horizontal Reinforcement
Minimum Horizontal reinforcement (Cl. 16.3.2 of IRC:112-2011)
2
1) maximum of 25% of vertical reinforcement
= 0.25x1257 = 314.25 mm
2
& 0.001 Area of concrete (Ac) = 0.001x300000
= 300 mm

2) Spacing between two adjacent bar should not be more than = 300 mm
3) Dia. Of bar shall not be less of maximum
1 / 4 X20 = 5 mm
& 8 mm , Therefore
Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 ) x 12^2 x 1000 / 200
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 565 mm / m > 314 mm / m ,OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Force HL = 440.253 T
Maximum Ultimate Transverse Force HT = 23.479 T
2 2
Resultant Force HR = SQRT (HL + HT )
= SQRT ( 440.253^2 + 23.479^2 )
= 440.879 T
Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per unit Width, Vu = 440.879 x 10 / 10.9
= 404.476 kN/ m
Design of shear Reinforcement:
(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 50.000 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 1.000 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.24
width of the Section = 1.000
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1257 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 240 mm
ƥ1 = 0.005
K = 1+(200/d)0.5 < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.913
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
3/2 1/2
Vmin = 0.031K fck
Vmin = 0.41 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x240x0.552x11.167
= 739702.1
= 73.97021 t > 5t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck)0.33+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.913x(80x0.005x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x240
= 117789.74 N
Vrdcmin = (0.41+0.15x0)x1000x240
= 98400
VRdc = 11.778974 t > 5t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required ok
fyk = 500 mpa
fywd = 0.8xfyk = 400 Mpa
αcw = 1
z = 0.9x240 = 216
Assume inclination of shear reinforcement =α = 90 ˚ = 1.570796
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 45 ˚ = 0.785398
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ) (Ref: Eq10.8 cl.10.3.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot45+tan45)
= 1206036 N
= 120.6036 t > 5 ,OK
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 21.8 ˚ = 0.380482
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot21.8+tan21.8)
= 831706
= 83.1706 > 5 ,OK
Consider ϴ = 21.8
ASW VED
=
S Zfywd cotϴ
50000
=
216x400x cot21.8
2
= 0.231465 mm /m
Use 1 legged 10 dia @ 100 c/c
2 2
Asw(Provided) = 79 mm > 23.146497 mm OK
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio : (Ref: Eq. 16.4 and 16.5 of IRC:112-2011)

Ƥw = Asw/(s.bwsinα)
= 0.0008837
Ƥwmin = (0.072/fck)/fyk
= 0.00072 < 0.000884 OK
∆Ftd = 0.5 VED(cotϴ-cotα)
= 0.5x50000x(cot21.8,-cot90)
= 75034.529 N 75.035 KN
2
= 75034.529/400 = 172.5794 mm /m
 DESIGN OF TOP SLAB
Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
fy = 500.00 Mpa

Overall Depth D = 300 mm

Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 20 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 50+20 / 2 = 60 mm
Effective Depth, d = 300 - 60 = 240 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Top Face (per m width), Ast = 1571 mm2 / m

Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Mu = 6.000 t-m/m
0.5
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 120.60 mm < 240 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 23.76 t-m/m > 6.000 t-m/m OK

0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

Ast req = fy
2
= 605.5584 mm
2
Minimum required steel = 605.558+356.29( due to shear) = 961.848 mm
= 0.13 % of b d
= ( 0.13 / 100 ) x 240 x 1000
2
= 312 mm /m
fctm = 2.2
fyk = 500.00
2
0.26 fctm/fyk .bd = 274.56 mm /m
2
Asmin = 312 mm /m

Provide T- 20 @ 200 mm c/c

2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )20^2 x 1000 / 200 = 1571.000 mm
Provide T- 0 @ 200 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 200 = 0.000 mm
Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 1571 + 0
2
= 1571 mm / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 1571 mm / m > 961.848 mm / m OK

Bending moment at support : = 4 t-m/m

 2 0.5
Ast req = 0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d ) ]
fy
2
= 396.42971 mm
Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565.000 mm OK
Reinforcement in Transverse Direction
Minimum reinforcement (Cl. 16.6.1(3) of IRC:112-2011)
1) 20% of main reinforcement considering one way Slab
2
= 0.2x1571 = 314.2 mm / m
Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
Therefore, Ast_trans
2 2
= 565 mm / m > 314 mm / m
OK

Design of shear Reinforcement:

(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 103.225 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 0.300 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.24 m
width of the Section = 1.000 m
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1571.000 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 240 mm
ƥ1 = 0.007
0.5
K = 1+(200/d) < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.913
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
3/2 1/2
Vmin = 0.031K fck
Vmin = 0.41 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x240x0.552x11.167
= 739702.1
= 73.97021 t > 10.32248 t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
0.33
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck) +0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.913x(80x0.007x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x240
 = 131622.37 N
Vrdcmin = (0.41+0.15x0)x1000x240
= 98400
VRdc = 13.162237 t > 10.322483 t
Hence shear reinforcement not Required ok
fyk = 500.00 mpa
fywd = 0.8xfyk = 400 Mpa
αcw = 1
z = 0.9x240 = 216
Assume inclination of shear reinforcement =α = 90 ˚ = 1.570796
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 45 ˚ = 0.785398
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ) (Ref: Eq10.8 cl.10.3.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot45+tan45)
= 1206036 N
= 120.6036 t > 10.32248 ,OK
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 21.8 ˚ = 0.380482
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot21.8+tan21.8)
= 831706
= 83.1706 > 10.32248 ,OK
Consider ϴ = 21.8
ASW VED
=
S Zfywd cotϴ
103224.825
=
216x400x cot21.8
2
= 0.477859 mm /m
Use 1 legged 10 dia @ 100 c/c
2 2
Asw(Provided) = 79 mm > 47.785862 mm OK
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio : (Ref: Eq. 16.4 and 16.5 of IRC:112-2011)

Ƥw = Asw/(s.bwsinα)
= 0.0008837
Ƥwmin = (0.072√fck)/fyk
= 0.00072 < 0.000884 OK
∆Ftd = 0.5 VED(cotϴ-cotα)
= 0.5x103224.825x(cot21.8,-cot90)
= 154908.52 N 154.909 KN
2
= 154908.522/400 = 356.2896 mm /m
DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB
Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 25 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
= fy 500.00 Mpa
Overall Depth D = 300 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 20 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 12 mm
Effective Cover = 50 + 20 / 2 = 60 mm
Effective Depth, d = 300 - 60 = 240 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Bottom Face (per m width), Ast
2
= 1571 mm / m
Depth check for longitudinal direction:
Mu = 7.273 t-m/m
dreq. = (Mu/R.b)0.5
R = 0.165 x fck
4.125
dreq. = 132.78 mm < 240 mm OK

Limiting moment of resistsnce :

Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 23.76 t-m/m > 7.273 t-m/m OK

Reinforcement in Longitudinal direction :

2 0.5
0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d ) ]
Ast req =
fy
2
= 742.9539 mm

2
Minimum required steel = 742.954+471.616( due to shear) = 1214.57 mm
2
Minimum Reinforcement = 312 mm

Provide T- 20 @ 200 mm c/c

2
Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )20^2 x 1000 / 200 = 1571.000 mm
Provide T- 0 @ 100 mm c/c
2
Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 100 = 0.000 mm

Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 1571 + 0

2
= 1571 mm / m
2 2
So, Ast = 1571 mm / m > 1214.57 mm / m OK

Bending moment at support : = 6 t-m/m

Ast req = 0.5 x fck x b x d [1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]
fy
2
= 605.55842 mm
Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c
 2
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565.000 mm Revisesteel

Secondary Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement (Cl. 16.6.1(3) of IRC:112-2011)
1) 20% of main reinforcement considering one way Slab
2
= 0.2x1571 = 314.2 mm / m
Provide T- 12 @ 200 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= ( π / 4 )12^2 x 1000 / 200 = 565 mm / m
Therefore, Ast_trans
2
= 565 mm / m ,OK
Design of shear Reinforcement:
(Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2011)
Check for shear:
Shear force = 136.637 KN/m
Overall depth of Section = 0.300 m
Effective depth of the section = 0.24 m
width of the Section = 1.000 m
2
ƥ1 = Asl/(bw.d) < 0.02 ,Asl = 1571.000 mm /m width
bw = 1000 mm
d = 240 mm
ƥ1 = 0.007
0.5
K = 1+(200/d) < 2.00 (eq. 10.2 cl.10.3.2 of IRC:112)
= 1.913
fck = 25 Mpa
fcd = 11.167 Mpa ,fcd= αcc fck/γm ,αcc = 0.67
NED = 0N
ϭcp = 0 ϭcp= Ned/Ac <0.2fcd
0.2fcd = 2.2334
3/2 1/2
Vmin = 0.031K fck
Vmin = 0.41 N
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear v = 0.6(1-fck/310)
v = 0.552
(Ref: Eq10.6 cl.10.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 0.5 x1000x240x0.552x11.167
= 739702.1
= 73.97021 t > 13.66373 t
Design shear resistance (Ref:cl.10.3.2 Eq.10.1,IRC :112-2011)
0.33
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck) +0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdc = [0.12x1.913x(80x0.007x25)^0.33+0.15x0]x1000x240
= 131622.37 N
Vrdcmin = (0.41+0.15x0)x1000x240
= 98400
VRdc = 13.162237 t < 13.663733 t
Hence shear reinforcement - Required design for Shear
 fyk = 500.00 mpa
fywd = 0.8xfyk = 400 Mpa
αcw = 1
z = 0.9x240 = 216
Assume inclination of shear reinforcement =α = 90 ˚ = 1.570796
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 45 ˚ = 0.785398
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ) (Ref: Eq10.8 cl.10.3.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot45+tan45)
= 1206036 N
= 120.6036 t > 13.66373 ,OK
VRdmax Corresponding to strut angle of 21.8 ˚ = 0.380482
VRdmax = αcw bwz v1 fcd/(cotϴ+tanϴ)
= 1x1000x216x11.167/(cot21.8+tan21.8)
= 831706
= 83.1706 > 13.66373 ,OK
Consider ϴ = 21.8
ASW VED
=
S Zfywd cotϴ
136637.325
=
216x400x cot21.8
2
= 0.632535 mm /m
Use 1 legged 10 dia @ 100 c/c
2 2
Asw(Provided) = 79 mm > 63.253508 mm OK
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio : (Ref: Eq. 16.4 and 16.5 of IRC:112-2011)

Ƥw = Asw/(s.bwsinα)
= 0.0008837
Ƥwmin = (0.072√fck)/fyk
= 0.00072 < 0.000884
∆Ftd = 0.5 VED(cotϴ-cotα) OK
= 0.5x136637.325x(cot21.8,-cot90)
= 205050.35 N 205.05 KN
2
= 205050.346/400 = 471.6158 mm /m