Electrical

Machines PD‐GD Workbook

(Synchronous Machines : Solutions)
Chapter 1 : Basics of Synchronous Machine
Sol.1 The torque angle of a synchronous machine operating from a constant voltage bus, is usually defined as
the space angle between rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.2 For a P pole machine relation between electrical and mechanical angles is given as follows
P
elect  mech
2
Hence the correct option is (D)
Sol.3 In eletromechanical energy conversion, torque developed depends on
(i) Stator field
(ii) Rotor field
(iii)Angle between state field and rotor field i.e., torque angle.
T  stator rotor sin(stator  rotor )
T   stator rotor sin 
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.4 Given :
P6
N  1200 rpm
2 1200
Electrical rad/sec   40 
60
P
Ne   N mech
2
2 2 2
N mech   N e   1200  1200
P P 6
N mech  400 rpm
2 400
N mech 
60
40
N mech  rad/sec
3
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.5 Given :
f1  40 Hz
f 2  25 Hz
If the alternator A operating at 40 Hz is mechanically coupled with another alternator B operating at 25
Hz, then the speed of the combination must be same
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 2 Synchronous Machines

 N A  NB
120 f A 120 f B

PA PB
120  40 120  25

PA PB
For, N A  NB
The possible number of poles are
PB 25 5
 
PA 40 8
PB  5, PA  8
But pole can never be an odd number
 PB  10, PA  16
OR
PB  20, PA  32
For, PA  16 and PB  10
120  40
NA   300 rpm
16
120  25
NB   300 rpm
10
For, PA  32, PB  20
120  40
NA   150 rpm
32
120  25
NB   150 rpm
20
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.6 Given :
Phase sequence for clockwise rotation is RYB ,
Another possible phase sequence for clockwise rotation are RYB, YBR, BRY
For anticlockwise rotation phase sequence is given by,
RBY , BYR, YRB
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.7 If field winding is placed on rotor and armature winding is placed on stator, under steady state condition,
the air gap field is rotating at synchronous speed with respect to rotor.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.8 Given :
Synchronous machine has filed winding on the rotor and polyphase armature winding on stator.
Under steady state air gap filed is
(i) Rotating at synchronous speed in the direction of rotation of rotor.
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 3 Synchronous Machines
(ii) As rotor itself is rotating at synchronous speed and direction of rotation of rotor and air gap filed is
same so the relative speed between air gap field and rotor will be zero i.e, air gap filed is stationary
with respect to rotor.
(iii)Stator itself is stationary, so stator will feels the air gap field rotating at synchronous speed so the
relative speed between them is synchronous speed i.e., ( N airgap  N stator  N s  0  N s )
 Air gap field is rotating synchronous speed.
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.9 Given :
P4
Slots = 48
Short pitch by 
48
S/P  12
4
1800 180
   150
S / P 12
Short pitch by, slot
 Short pitching angle is 150
 150
 Coil span factor  cos  cos  cos 7.50
2 2
To find distribution factor k d ,
sin(m)
kd 

m sin  
2
Slots 48
m  4
Pole×Phase 4  3
 15 
sin  4  
 2 1
m
 15  8sin(7.5)
4  sin  
 2
 Winding factor  k p  kd

1 cot 7.50
 cos 7.5 
0

8sin(7.50 ) 8
cot 7.50
kw 
8
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.10 In synchronous alternator distributed winding in short pitch coils have emf closer to sine waveform
hence the short pitching of coil is done.
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.11 Hence the correct option is (B).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 4 Synchronous Machines
Sol.12 Given :
P6
Slot  54
Coil span = 1 to 9
Short pitch by_____.
Slots 54
 9
Pole 6
Coil span  9  8  1
S
Short pitch by   coilspan
P
Short pitch by  1 slot
1800 1800
Short pitched by angle     200
S/P 9
Sol.13 Given :
kp 1
Coil span  12
For eliminating 3rd harmonics

cos n  00
2

n  900
2

3  900
2
  600
S / P  12
1800 180
    150
S / P 12
4  
  4 15
Short pitching is done by 4 slots
Coil span  12.4  8
Sol.14 Given :
P6
Slots  36
Short pitch by 1 slot
S 36
 6
P 6
1800 1800
   300
S 6
P
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 5 Synchronous Machines
 30
k p  cos  cos  cos150
2 2
 m 
sin  
kd   2 

m sin  
2
S 36
m  3
P  phase 6  2
 300 
sin  3  
 2  1
kd 
 30  0
3  sin   3 2 sin15
 2 
cos150 1 cot150
k w  k p  kd  
3 2  sin150 3 2
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.15 E ph  Vm sin t  0.4Vm sin 3t  0.2Vm sin t  0.01Vm sin t  0.003Vm sin(9t )
Phase voltage of star connected alternator can allow third harmonics
Vm2
 (E ph ) rms  (12  0.42  0.22  0.012  0.0032 )
2
 0.77491  0.775 Vm
Line voltage does not allow third harmonics
 Eline  Vm sin t  0.5Vm sin 5t  0.01Vm sin 7t

Vm2
Eline  (1  0.2  0.01 )
2 2 2

2
Eline  3  (0.7211) Vm
Eline  1.25 Vm
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.16 Given :
3-phase star connected synchronous generator
N s  750 rpm
VLL  440 V
f  50 Hz
m2
  _____ mwb
S
2
Pole  Phase
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 6 Synchronous Machines
S
 2  phase  2  3  6
Pole
S/P6
1800 1800
   300
S/P 6
  300
For full pitch coil,
kp 1

   300 
sin  m  sin  2  
 2   2  1
kd   0.9659
  30  2  2  sin150
m sin   2  sin  
2  2 
440
E ph 
3
 E ph  4.44  f   pp  Tph  k p  kd

Chapter 2 : Electrical Model and Power Angle Curve

Sol.1 When a synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at rated current, nature of
the armature reaction will be demagnetizing
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.2 Synchronous motor operates with leading power factor when it’s field is over excited (refer the figure of
question no. 3 given below)
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.3
Ia
cos f

I a1 Ia
cos f
cos f

If
Lagging UPF Leading
P.F. overexcitation
Underexcitation

Critical excitation
If the field of synchronous of motor is under exited the power factor will be lagging (from V  
current)
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.4 Given :
3 phase star connected alternator
Rating = 5 kVA
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 7 Synchronous Machines

VL  11kV
E f  125% of Vt
I a  500 A
Xs  5 
cos   _______
11000
( E f ) ph  1.25  V ph  1.25 
3
( E f ) ph  7938.56 V

( I a I s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 
2
 1100  1100
(500  5)  (7938.56)  
2
  2
2
 7938.56  cos 58
 3  3
cos   0.9630
  15.6260
3E  V 3  7938.56  1100
 P  f t sin    sin(15.6260 )
Xs 3 5
P  8146944.382 W
P  3VL I L cos 
P 8146944.38
cos     0.855 lag
3VL I L 3  11000  500
ff
Er1 = Vt
ff fr

fr
Ia
fa
q d y
-E f y Ef
q
d

- fa - Ia

- fr
-ff Er = Vt

Sol.5 The angle by which air gap excitation mmf f a leads armature mmf f a by 900   .
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.6 The angle by which resultant mmf f r leads f a by 180  (90  )  900  
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.7 The angle by which excitation emf E f lags resultant mmf f r by (1800  (90  8)  900  
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 8 Synchronous Machines

Sol.8 The angle by which air gap emf Er leads air gap excitation mmf f a by 900   .
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.9 Given :
3-phase star connected alternator.
Rating  10 kVA
Vt  440 V
f  50 Hz
cos   0.8 lag
ra  0.6 
Xs  9
?
kVA  3VL I L
kVA 10 103
IL    13.12 A
3VL 3  440
I L  I ph  13.12 A
440
Vtph   254 V
3
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (254  0.8  13.12  0.6) 2  (254  0.6  13.12  9) 2

E f  343.09 V

I a Z s  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 

Z s  Ra2  X s2  0.62  92  9.019 

(13.12  9.019)  (343.09) 2  (254) 2  2  343.09  254  cos 

cos   0.9652
  15.160
Sol.10 Given :
3-phase star connected alternator
Rating  1000 kVA
Vt  6.6 kV
X s  25 
cos   0.8 lag
Vt at 0.8 lead____kV
6.6 kV
(Vt ) phase   3810.51V
3
kVA  3 VL  I L
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 9 Synchronous Machines

1000 103  3  6.6 103  I L

I L  87.47 A
Expression of E f at lagging power factor is given by,

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (3810.5  0.8  0) 2  (3810.5  0.6  87.47  25) 2

E f  5413.03V
Terminal voltage with same excitation at full load leading power factor.
E f  5413.03V
I a  87.47 A
Expression of E f at leading power factor is given by,

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra )  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

E f  (Vt cos   0) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

E 2f  Vt 2 cos 2   Vt 2 sin 2   I a X s2  2Vt sin I a X s

E 2f  Vt 2  I a2 X s  2Vt sin I a X s

Vt 2  I a2 X s2  E 2f  2Vt sin I a X s  0

Vt 2  2Vt sin   I a X s  I a2 X s2  E 2f  0

Vt 2  (2  0.6  87.47  25) Vt  (87.47  25)  (5413.03) 2   0

Vt 2  2624.1Vt  24519018.22  0
Vt  6343.59 V
Vt  3810.49 V

(Vt ) L  6343.59  3  10987  11kV

At leading PF, Vt  E f
11 kV

Chapter 3 : Power angle curve and effect of excitation

Sol.1 4.12
Sol.2 Given :
Z s  10 
Ra  1 
E f  500 V  ( E f ) phase  288.675 V
Vt  500 V  (Vt ) phase  288.655 V
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 10 Synchronous Machines

Z s  Rs  jX s

X s  Z s2  Rs2  102  1
X s  9.9498
X 
Z s  10 tan 1  s 
 Rs 
Z s  1084.26080
E f Vt Vt 2
S     
Zs Zs
E f Vt Vt 2
P cos(  )  cos 
Zs Zs
Power delivered by generator will maximum when

 288.675  288.675 288.6552  288.6752 [1  cos84.26080 ]
    cos(84.2608)  
 10 10  10
P  7499.98  7500 W
3-phase power  3P1  3  7500  22500 W
Hence the option (D) is correct.
Sol.3 Given :
1  300
2  ?
P2  2 P1 (from given condition)
EtVt
 P1  sin 1
Xs
P2  2 P1
Et Vt
P2  2   sin 2
Xs
Et  Vt
sin 1
P1 Xs
 (Here all terms are constant Vt , E f and X s )
P2 Et  Vt  sin 
2
Xs
P1 sin 1
 
2 P1 sin  2
1 sin 300

2 sin 2
2  900
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 11 Synchronous Machines
Sol.4 Given :
X d  1.3pu
Vt  1pu
X bus  0.2 pu
P  1.2 pu
Ef 
E f Vt
P  sin 
Xd  Xs
For maximum power, sin   1
E f 1
 2
.2  1.3
E f  1.2 1.5
E f  1.8 pu
Sol.5 Given :
Rating of alternator = 5000 kVA
Xs  5
VL  6600 V
E f  6000 V
E f Vt
Pmax   sin 
Xd
For maximum power, sin   1
6600  6000
Pmax  1
5
Pmax  7.92 MW

( I a Z s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2  E f Vt cos 

 (6600) 2  (6000)2  2  6600  6000  cos 900

( I a X s )  8919.64
8919.64
Ia   1783.928
5
I a  1784 A
 Pmax  I L cos 
7.92  106  6600  7784  cos 
cos   0.6726  0.673 lead
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 12 Synchronous Machines
Sol.6 Given : single phase phase alternator
Vt  11kV
X s  10 
I a  220 A
cos   UPF

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt  sin   I a X s ) 2

E f  (11000  1  220  0) 2  (11000  0  220  10) 2

E f  110002  (2200) 2
E f  11217.84 V
It steam supply is unchanged and emf is increased by 25%
P1  P2
E2  1.25 E1
E f Vt E f Vt
 sin 1  sin  2
Xs Xs
E f1 sin 1  E f2 sin 2
E f1  sin 1  1.25E f1 sin 2
sin  2  0.8sin 1

( I a X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 

(220 10) 2  110002  (11217.84) 2  2  11000  11217.89  cos 1

1  11.3110
sin 2  0.8sin11.310
sin  2  0.156
2  9.0260

( I a2 X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f2Vt cos 1

E f2  1.25E f1  1.25 11217.84  14022.3V

Vt  11000 V

( I a2 X s )  (14022.3) 2  (11000) 2  2  14022.3 11000  cos(9.0280 )

I a2 X s  3599.202
3599.202
I a2 
10
I a2  359.9202 A  360 A
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 13 Synchronous Machines
As the steam input is unchanged
 Active power will remain same
 3VL I L1 cos 1  3VL I L2 cos 2
I L1 cos 1  I L2 cos 2
220  1  360  cos 2
cos 2  0.612 lag
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.7 Given :
Vt  6.6 kV  3810.5 V
Rating  1200 kVA
X s  25%
cos   0.8 lag
VB2
ZB 
(kVA) 2B
6.62
ZB   36.3
1.2
( X s ) actual  X s pu  Z B  0.25  36.3
( X s ) actual  9.075 

kVA  3VL  I L

1200 103  3  6.6 103  I L

I L  269.68 A

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (3810.5  0.8)2  (3810.5  0.6  269.68  9.075) 2

E f  5630.3V
Now, steam supply is increased such that PF will become unity
 E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a2 X s ) 2

E f  (Vt cos ) 2  (Vt sin   I a2 X s ) 2

E f  Vt 2 cos 2   Vt 2 sin 2   2Vt I a2 X s sin   I a22 X s2

E 2f  Vt 2  2Vt I a2 X 0  I a22 X s2
1/2
 5630.32  3810.52 
   I a2
 9.0552 
I a2  456.74 A
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 14 Synchronous Machines

 P2  3 VL I 2 cos 2

P2  3  6.6 103  4.56.74 1

P2  5.22 MW
Sol.8 Given :
Vt  22 kV  V1
X s  1.2 
cos   1
PL  230 MW
Case I :
PL  3VL I L cos 

230  106  3  22  103  I 1

I L  6035.9 A

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

22
VEph   12.70 kV
3
E f  (12701.7  1) 2  (12701.7  0  6035.9 1.2) 2
E f  14621V
E f2  1.3E f1  1.3 14621  19008.2 V

( I a X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2Vt E f cos 1

(6035.9 1.2)  (14621)2  (1201.7) 2  2 1462112701.7  cos 

cos   0.8686
1  29.69530
P1 E f1 sin 1

P2 1.3E f1 sin 2

230 1 sin 29.69530

 
275 1.3 sin 2
sin  2  0.4556
2  27.1050

( I a2 X s )  (1.3  14621) 2  (1201.7) 2  2  1.3 1421 12701.7  cos 27.1050

( I a2 X s )  9632.81
9632.81
I a2   8027.34 A
1.2
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 15 Synchronous Machines

I a2  8.03 kA
PL2  3VL I L2 cos 2
275 106  3  22000  8027.34  cos 2
cos 2  0.899 lag
Sol.9 Power factor of an alternator driven by constant prime mover input can be changed by changing it’s field
excitation.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.10 Synchronous generator connected to infinite bus and working at unity power factor neither delivers nor
absorbed reactive power.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.11

cos f

Ia Ia
cos f

Leading Lagging
P.F. P.F. If
Under Overexcitation
excitation

Critical excitation
From V   curve of an alternator it seems that, due to increase in field current and armature current
machine operates at lagging power factor and delivers reactive power.
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.12

I a1 Ia
cos f
cos f

If
Leading Leading
P.F. P.F. Overexcitation

Underexcitation

Critical excitation
When excitation is reduced, I a current will increase, cos  will decrease and will operate at leading power
factor so it delivers leading reactive power and absorbs lagging reactive power.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.13 From V   curve,
Increase in filed current resulting in reduction in armature current generator absorbs reactive from the bus
and operates at leading power factor.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 16 Synchronous Machines
Sol.14 If alternator is operating at lagging PF due to increase in excitation
(i) Power factor decreases
(ii) Armature current increases
(iii)Reactive power increases
(iv) Torque angle increases
Hence the correct option is (D).
Chapter 4 : Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Motor
Sol.1 The angle between the induced voltage and supply voltage of a synchronous motor under running
condition is greater than zero but  900
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.2 The negative phase sequences in a three phase synchronous motor exist when unbalanced voltage is
supplied
Hence the correct option is (C).
Refer the below diagram for common data questions 3 to 7
fr
-E f
ff
-Ia
fa
y
d
q
-Vt = Er Vt = Er
q d
y
fa
Ia

Ef

Sol.3 Angle by which air gap excitation mmf f f leads f a by 900  

Or
Air gap excitation mmf f a lags f a by (180  (90   )  900  
1800  (900   )  900  
 f a leads f f by 900  
Option given is misprint
Sol.4 Angle by which resultant mmf f f leads f a by 900   f r lags f a by (1800  (90  )  900   .
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.5 Angle by which excitation emf E f lags f r by 900   .
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.6 The angle by which air gap excitation mmf f f leads Er by (180  (90  )  900   .
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 17 Synchronous Machines

Sol.7 The angle by which air gap emf Er lags f a by 1800   .

Hence the correct option is (C).
Chapter 5 : Power angle in synchronous in motor
Sol.1 4.36
Sol.2 Given : 3-phase Y connected synchronous motor
(i) Vt  415 V
(ii) P  6
(iii) f  50 Hz
(iv) E f  520 V
(v) Rs  2  /phase
(vi) T  220 Nm
120 f 120  50
Ns    1000 rpm
P 6
220  2 1000
P  T  
60
P  23038.34 W
3E f Vt
T    sin 
Xs
520 415
3   sin 
23038.34  3 3
2
sin   0.2135
  12.320
I a X s  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 
2 2
 520   415  520 415
      2   cos(12.320 )
 3  3 3 3
2  I a  83.59
I a  41.797 A

T    3  VL  I L cos 

23038.34  3  415  41.78  cos 

cos   0.76681 lead (as E f  Vt )
Sol.3 Given :
E f  2 pu
X d  1.0 pu
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 18 Synchronous Machines

X L  0.5 pu
X dm  1.2 pu
Em  1.35 pu
P  0.5 pu
E f  Em  sin 
 P
Xd  XL  Xm
2 1.35  sin 
 0.5 
(1  0.5  1.2)
sin   0.5
  sin 1 (0.5)
  300
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.4 Given :
VL  300 V
f  50 Hz
  250
If load is doubled
P2  2 P1
E f Vt
P1  sin 1
Xs
2 E f Vt
P2  sin 2
Xs
 P2  2 P1
E f Vt E f Vt
sin 2  2 sin 1
Xs Xs
sin  2  2sin 1
sin 2  sin 250  2
sin  2  0.8452
2  57.690
Sol.5 Given :
VL  440 V
Pin  9 kW
X s  36 
ra  0 
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 19 Synchronous Machines

E f  560 V
E f  Vt
P sin 
Xs
9 103 560  440
  sin 
3 36
sin   0.4383
  260
(( I a ) phase X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos

 (560)2  (440) 2  2  560  440  cos(260 )

( I a ) phase X s  253.52 V
253.52
( I a ) phase 
36
( I a ) phase  7.042 A

( I a ) L  3  7.042
( I a ) L  12.19 A
Pin  3VL  I L cos 
9 103  3  440 12.19  cos 
cos   0.9681 lag
Sol.6 Given :
VL  400 V
Pin  5472 W
X s  10  phase
E f  400 V
E f  Vt
P sin 
Xs
 400 400 
   sin  
5472
 3 3 
3  10 
 
 
sin   0.342
  19.9987 0
  200
I a X s  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 
2 2
 400   400  400  400
      2  cos 200
 3  3 3
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 20 Synchronous Machines

I a X s  80.204 V
80.204
Ia 
10
I a  8.0204 A

Pin  3VL I L cos 

5472  3  400  8.0204  cos 

cos   0.9847 lag
cos   0.985 lag
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.7 Given : 3-phase synchronous motor
VL  1100 V
I a  60 A
ra  1 
X s  30 
cos   0.8 leading
  36.860
Emf equation for synchronous motor at leading power factor is given by,
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2
1100
Vt   635.08 V
3

E f  (635.08  0.8  60 1) 2  (635.08  0.6  60  30) 2

E f  2226.59 V

E f LL  3  2226.59  3856.56 V

( I a X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 

Z s  Rs  jX s  (1  j 30) 
Z s  30.01 

(30.01 60) 2  (2226.59) 2  (635.08) 2  2  2226.59  635.08  cos 

cos   0.7492
  41.47 0
Power  3VL I L cos   3  1100  60  0.8  91452.22 W
P  91.452 kW
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 21 Synchronous Machines
Sol.8 Given :
VL  440 V
X s  1.5 
  280
PL  90 kW
E f Vt
PL  sin 
Xs
440
  E f  sin 280
90  10 3
 3
3 1.5
E f  377.32 V
( E f ) phase  377.32 V
E f Vt
Pmax  sin 
Xs
For maximum power
sin   1
E f Vt ( 3  377.32)  440
Pmax    181704.30 W
Xs 1.5
Pmax  191.704 kW
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.9 Given : 3-phase star connected synchronous motor
6600
Vt  6600 V , (Vt ) phase   3810.5 V
3
X s  20 
Pin  900 kW
8500
E f  8500 V, E ph   4907.47 V
3
3( E f ) phase (Vt ) phase E f LL  VtLL sin 
Pin  sin  
Xs Xs
8500  6600
900  103   sin 
20
sin   0.3208
  18.710
( I a X s )  E 2f  Vt 2  2 E f Vt cos 

 (4907.47) 2  (3810.5) 2  2  4907.4  3810.5  cos18.710

Electrical Machines [Workbook] 22 Synchronous Machines

I a X s  1783.2090 V
1783.208 1783.209
Ia  
Xs 20
I a  89.160 A

Pin  3VL I L cos 

900 103  3  6600  89.16  cos 

cos   0.883 leading
Sol.10 Given : 3-phase Y connected synchronous motor
Vt  500 V
I a  50 A
ra  0.4 
Xs  4
E f  380 V
As, E f  Vt
Synchronous motor is operating at under excitation and will operate at lagging power factor.
( I a Z s )  Vt 2  E 2f  2Vt E f cos 

Z s  Ra  jX s  0.4  j 4
Z s  4.02  , Z s  84.280
500
Vt   288.6751V
3
380
Ef   219.39 V
3

(50  4.02)  (288.6751) 2  (219.39)2  2  219.39  288.6751 cos 

cos   0.7189
  44.0320
E f  Vt E 2f
Power      
Zs Zs
288.6751 219.39 219.392
Power  84.28  44.032 
0 0

4.02 4.02
288.655  219.39 219.39
P  cos(40.257 0 )   cos(84.280 )
4.02 4.02
P  12022.92  1193.32
P  10829.64 W
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 23 Synchronous Machines

P3 phase  3  P1
 3 10829.64
P3 phase  32488.93 W

32488.93  3  500  50  cos 

cos   0.750 lag
Sol.11 Given :
Vt  500 V
Pout  120 kW
cos   0.8 leading
  36.860
  91%
ra  0.08 
Pout

Pin
Pout 120 kW
Pin  
 0.91
Pin  131.86 kW

Pin  3 VL  I L  cos 

131.86  103  3  500  0.8  I L

I L  190.3352 A
Electrical power developed to mechanical power.
 Pin  3I a2 Ra
 131.86  103  3  190.3352 2  0.08
 123.165 kW  123.2 kW
Hence the correct option is (C).
Chapter 6 : Synchronous Motor Connected to Infinite Bus
3E f Vt
Sol.1 P sin  ( E f and Vt are per phase values)
Xs
Vt sin  Vt sin 
P 
Xs 2fL
Vt sin 
P
f
P1 Vt1 sin 1 f2
 
P2 f1 Vt2 sin  2
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 24 Synchronous Machines

Considering, P1  P2
Vt2  0.9 Vt1 , f 2  0.9 f1
Vt1 sin 1 Vt2 sin  2

f1 f2
Vt1 sin 30 0.9Vt1 sin 2

f1 0.9 f1
sin 30  sin 2
2  300
i.e. load angle will remain same
Hence the correct option is (A)
Sol.2

Ia
cos f cos f

Ia Ia
cos f

Leading Lagging
P.F. UPF P.F. If
Under Overexcitation
excitation

Critical excitation
In synchronous motor, 'V ' curves present the variation of armature current with excitation (field)
Hence the correct option is (A)
Sol.3 The power factor of synchronous motor improves and increase in excitation and even become leading at
higher excitation
Hence the correct option is (A)
Sol.4 Synchronous condenser means an over-exited synchronous motor operating at no-load with leading pf
used in large power station for improvement of pf
Hence the correct option is (D)
Sol.5
Ia
cos f cos f

Ia Ia
cos f

Leading Lagging
P.F. UPF P.F. If
Under Overexcitation
excitation

Critical excitation
V-curve of synchronous motor shows the variation of armature and dc excitation at constant load
Hence the correct option is (A)
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 25 Synchronous Machines
Sol.6
Ia
cos f cos f

Ia Ia
cos f

Leading Lagging
P.F. UPF P.F. If
Under Overexcitation
excitation

Critical excitation
From the above diagram it seems that a synchronous motor is operating on no load at upf. If the field
current is decreased the power factor will become lagging and the armature current will increase
Hence the correct option is (B)
Sol.7
Ia
cos f cos f

Ia Ia
cos f

Leading Lagging
P.F. UPF P.F. If
Under Overexcitation
excitation

Critical excitation
A synchronous motor is operating on no load at unity power factor. If the field current is increased the
power factor will become leading and the current will increase
Hence the correct option is (D)
Sol.8 A synchronous motor is operating at upf with fixed excitation. If the load decreases, means armature
current due to decrease in armature current power factor will improve and reactive power will decrease
i.e. now synchronous motor will deliver the reactive power
Hence the correct option is (B)
Chapter 7 : Salient Pole Machine
Sol.1 Given : Salient pole synchronous motor.
The power flow in a salient pole synchronous machine is given by,
E f Vt Vt 2  1 1 
P sin    X  X  sin 2
Xd 2  q d 

The torque produced,

P 60  E f Vt V2  1 1 
T   sin   t X  
 2N s  X d 2  q X d  
E f Vt
where, sin   Electromagnetic power
Xd
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 26 Synchronous Machines
The reluctance power is given by,
Vt 2  1 1 
Preluctance   sin 2
2  X q X d 


To get maximum reluctance torque, the reluctance power must be maximum. Hence, the condition for
maximum reluctance torque is,
sin2  1
2  sin 1 (1)  900
900
  450
2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Sol.2 Given :
(i) 3- salient pole synchronous motor.
(ii) Initially operated at no load at normal excitation.
(iii)The field excitation of the motor is first reduced to zero and then increased in the reverse direction
gradually.
Variation of armature current w.r.t. field current at constant load power in a synchronous motor is given
by V-curve as shown below.
Ia

Load power = 0

If
Under Over
excitation excitation
Normal
excitation
When field current of motor is decreased the armature current increases and it is maximum when field
current is zero. When field current is zero, motor keeps running in the same direction as synchronous
reluctance motor. When field current is made negative the position of North and South poles gets
interchanged in the pole faces. The rotor of motor slips by one pole pitch and motor again keeps running
at synchronous speed. The operation of motor remains same with negative field current also as with
positive field current. So motor is initially under excited and armature current decreases with increase in
field current in reverse direction as shown below,
Ia

Load power = 0 Load power = 0

– If If
Over Under Under Over
excitation excitation excitation excitation
Normal Normal
excitation excitation
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 27 Synchronous Machines
Sol.3 Option (A) : Since the permeance of pole-arc oriented across d-axis is greater than the permeance of
pole- arc oriented along q-axis.
So, Xd  Xq
Hence, the statement (A) is correct.
Option (B) : Damper bars not only minimize hunting to tolerable level but also help the synchronous
motor to self-start.
Hence, the statement (B) is correct.
Option (C) : SCR is defined as the ratio of the field current required to produce rated voltage on open-
circuit to the field current required to produce rated armature current, with the armature terminals shorted
while the machine is mechanically running at synchronous speed.
Hence, the statement (C) is wrong.
Option (D) : The V-curve of a synchronous motor represents the variation in the armature current with
field excitation, at a given output power.
Hence, the statement (D) is correct.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Sol.4 As the field windings are short-circuited, there won’t be any DC voltage in field circuit to drive DC into
field circuit and hence it has only stator MMF rotating at synchronous speed ( Ns ) .
So, now the stator RMF will rotate in air-gap, and hence an EMF will be induced in the rotor and driving
a current which will produce a torque just like in an induction motor. Hence the machine will run as an
induction motor and hence the speed will not be equal to synchronous speed.
Sol.5 (C)
Sol.6 Power delivered by salient pole synchronous motor is given by
E f  Vt Vt 2  1 1 
P     sin 2
Xd 2  X q X d 
If field failure occurs then E f  0
 Power due to electromagnetic torque becomes 0.
E f Vt
P  0 (electromagnetic power)
Xd
Total power decrease, torque will decrease but power due to reluctance torque will continue to provide
and motor will run at rated speed. (synchronous speed)
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.7 Power delivered by salient pole synchronous rotor is given by,
E f  Vt Vt 2  1 1 
P     sin 2
Xd 2  XL Xd 
Power delivered will maximum when
sin 2  1
2  900
  450
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 28 Synchronous Machines
Sol.8 Reluctance power is developed due to saliency of pole
 It develops in salient pole alternator
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.9 Given :
Rating of generator  70 mVA
VL  13.8 kV
f  60 Hz
X d  1.83 
X q  1.21
cos  L  0.8

Rating of generator  3VL I L

70  106  3  13.8 103  I a

I a  2928.5883
VL 13.8
(Vt ) phase   103  7.867 kV
3 3
Vt sin   I a X q
tan(  ) 
Vt cos   I a ra
7.967  103  0.6  2928.5883  1.21
tan(  ) 
7.967 103  0.8  0
tan(  )  1.3059
    tan 1 (1.3059)
    52.5577
  52.5577  36.860
  15.697 0  15.7 0
  15.7 0
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.10 X d  0.8 pu
X q  0.5 pu
cos   0.8 lag
Prated  Vt  I a
1 kVA  1  I a
I a  1pu
Vt sin   I a X q 1 0.6  1 0.5
tan(  )  
Vt cos   I a ra 1 0.8  0
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 29 Synchronous Machines
tan(  )  1.375
    53.9720
  53.9720  36.860
  17.110
E f  Vt cos   I a ra  I d X d
I d  I a sin   1 sin(53.9720 )
I d  0.808 pu
E f  1 cos (17.110 )  1 0  0.808  0.8
E f  1.6 pu
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.11 Given :
VL  480 V
I a  50 A
cos   1
X d  3.5 
X q  2.5 
480
(Vt ) phase   277.128 V
3
I L  50 A
cos   1
sin   0
 
Vt sin   I a X q 277.128  0  50  2.5
tan(  )  
Vt cos   I a ra 277.128  1  50  0
tan(  )  0.45100
(  )  tan(0.4510)  24.277990
    24.280
  24.280
E f  Vt cos   I a ra  I d X d
I d  I a sin   50  sin(24.280 )
I d  20.5580 A
E f  277.128  cos(24.280 )  50  0  20.558  3.5
E f  324.6 V
Hence the correct option is (D).
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 30 Synchronous Machines
Sol.12 Given : 3 phase-synchronous motor
X d  1.25 pu
X q  1pu
X a  1pu
Vt  1pu
PL  0.5 pu
PL  Vt  I a cos 
0.5  1 1 cos  L
cos  L  0.5
 L  600
 
Vt sin   I a  q 1 0.866  1 1
tan(  )    3.732
Vt cos   I a ra 1 0.5  0
    tan 1 (3.7320 )
    750  
  750
  150
I d  I a sin   1 sin 750
I d  0.9659 pu
E f  Vt cos   I a ra  I d X q  1 cos150  1 0  0.9659 1.25
E f  2.1733pu
Hence the correct option is (C).
Chapter 8 : Voltage Regulation
Sol.1 Given :
Rating of generator  10 kVA
380
Vt  380 V, (Vt ) phase   219.4 V
3
P4
f  50 Hz
ra  1 
X s  15 
PL  8 kW
cos   0.8 lag
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 31 Synchronous Machines

PL  3VL I L cos  L

8 103  3  380  I L  0.8

I L  15.19 A

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s )

 (219.4  0.8  15.19 1) 2  (219.4  0.6  15.19  15)2

E f  Vt 406.94  219.9
% Voltage regulation  100  100
Vt 219.4
85.05%
If the load is suddenly removed then the terminal voltage will be equal to E f

 E f  Vt  3  406.94 V
E f  Vt  70.4.84 V
Sol.2 Given :
f  50 Hz
E f  1000 V
f  60 Hz
E f  ______
Induced emf is directly proportional to frequency
E f1 f1
 
E f2 f2
1000 50

E f2 60
50
E f2   1000
60
E f2  1200 V
Sol.3 Given :
Rating of generator  126 MVA
Vt  13.8 kV
f  60 Hz
X s  0.9 
E f  Ns  f
Vt  N s  f
Vt  N s  f
 kVA  Vt  N s  f
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 32 Synchronous Machines

Vt  60Hz 60 Hz

Vt 50 Hz 50 Hz

13.8 kV 60

(Vt )50Hz 50 Hz
(Vt )50Hz  11.5 kV
 Similarly
(kVA)60Hz 60 Hz

(kVA)50Hz 50 Hz
126 MVA 60

(kVA)50Hz 50
(kVA)50 Hz  105 MVA
Hence the correct option is (B).
Sol.4 Given :
f  50 Hz
G  2000 kVA
Vt  11kV
VR  10%
cos   0.8 lag
f 2  48 Hz
 E f  Ns  f
Vt  N s  f
kVA  Vt  N s  f
E f  Vt Ns f
Voltage regulation  100  
Vt Ns f
Voltage regulation is independent of speed.
(Vt )50 Hz 50 Hz

(Vt ) 48Hz 48 Hz
11kV 50

(Vt ) 48Hz 48
(Vt ) 48Hz  ______ kV
(kVA)50Hz 50 Hz
Similarly 
(kVA) 48Hz 48 Hz
(2000) kVA 50

(KVA) 48Hz 48
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 33 Synchronous Machines

(kVA) 48Hz  1920 kVA

Voltage regulation = 10% voltage regulation is independent of speed and frequency.
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.5 Given : 3 phase  connected alternator
Vt  400 V
X s  20  /phase
Load  12 kVA
cos   0 lead

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

12  103  3  400  I L
I L  17.32 A
I ph  10 A

E f  (400  0  0) 2  (400 1  10  20) 2

E f  600 V
E f  Vt 600  400
Voltage regulation  100   100  50%
Vt 400
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.6 Given :
X s  0.2 pu
Vt  1pu
I fl  1pu
cos  L  0.8lag
cos  L  UPF
cos  L  0.8load
Case-I : At 0.8 lagging PF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (1 0.8  0  1) 2  (1 0.6  1 0.2) 2

E f  1.1313pu
E f  Vt 1.1313  1
Voltage regulation  100   100  13.13%
Vt 1
Case-II : At UPF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (11  0 1) 2  (1 0  1 0.2) 2

E f  1.0198 pu
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 34 Synchronous Machines

E f  Vt
Voltage regulation  100
Vt
1.0198  1
  100
1
 1.98%
Case-III : At leading PF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (1 0.8  1 0) 2  (1 0.6  0.2 1) 2

E f  0.8944 pu
E f  Vt
Voltage regulation  100
Vt
0.8944  1
  100
1
 10.56%
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.7 Given : 3 phase star connected alternator
Rating of alternator = 500 kVA
Vt  2300 V
I a ra  50 V
I a X s  500 V
cos   UPF
cos   0.8 leading PF
2300
(Vt ) phase   1327.90 V
3
Case-I : At UPF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s )

E f  (1327.9  1  50) 2  (1327.9  0  500) 2

E f  1465.81V
E f  Vt
% Voltage regulation  100
Vt
1465.81  1327.9
  100
1327.9
 10.3858%
 10.4%
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 35 Synchronous Machines
Case-II : At 0.8 leading PF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (1327.9  0.8  50) 2  (1327.9  0.6  500) 2

E f  1156.22 V
E f  Vt
% Voltage regulation  100
Vt
1156.22  1327.9
  100
1327.9
 13.3%
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.8 Given : 3-phase star connected alternator
Rating of alternator = 3 MVA
f  50 Hz
Vt  11kV
I L  100 A
cos   0
E f  12370 V
Vt  11000
ra  0.4 
12370
( E f ) phase   7141.82 V
3
11000
(Vt ) phase   6351V
3
Case-I : At ZPF leading
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

(7141.82)  (6351 0  100  0.4) 2  (6351 1  100 X s ) 2

By solving above expression
7141.71  6351  100 X s
100 X s  790.71
X s  7.9071 
Full load current can be obtained as follows
3  106  3  11 103  I L
3 106
IL 
3 11 106
I L  157.45 A
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 36 Synchronous Machines
Case-II : At 0.8 lagging PF
E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (6351 0.8  157.45  0.4) 2  (6351 0.6  157.45  7.9071) 2

E f  7212.3V
E f  Vt
% Voltage regulation  100
Vt
7212.3  6351
  100
6351
 13.56%
Sol.9 Given : 3-phase  connected synchronous generator
Rating of synchronous generator  25 kVA
I f  5A
Voc  360 V
cos   0.81 leading
25  106  3VL I L
25  106
IL   36.084 A
3  400
Voc  360 V
I sc  36.084 A
360
Zs 
36.084
Z s  9.976 
Z s  Ra  jX s
As Ra is neglected
 Z s  X s  9.976 

 E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (400  0.8  0) 2  (400  0.6  36.084  9.976) 2

E f  341.76 V
E f  Vt 341.76  400
% Voltage regulation  100   100  14.56%
Vt 400
Sol.10 Given :
At 1000 rpm, I f1  1A , I sc1  20 A
At 900 rpm, I f2  1.5 A , I sc2  ____A
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 37 Synchronous Machines
I f1 I sc1
 
I f2 I sc2
1 20

1.5 I sc2
I sc2  30 A
Hence the correct option is (C).
Sol.11 Given : 3-phase star connected alternator
Rating of alternator  15 kVA
Vt  415 V
X s  5  /phase
Vdc  25 V
I dc  25 A
(kVA) L  10 kVA
cos   0.8 lag
415
(Vt ) phase   239.6 V
3
V 25
Rdc  dc   1
I dc 25
Rdc  1 
For Y connected alternator
I dc
A

R
V Vdc
R

Vdc
 Rdc  2 Ra /phase
I dc
Rdc
( Ra ) phase  0.5    0.5  phase
2
X s  5  /phase
10 103  3  415  I L  0.8
I L  17.39 A

E f  (Vt cos   I a ra ) 2  (Vt sin   I a X s ) 2

 (239.6  0.8  17.39  0.5) 2  (239.6  0.6  17.39  5) 2

E f  305.57 V
E f  Vt 305.57  239.6
% Voltage regulation  100  100  27.53%
Vt 239.6
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 38 Synchronous Machines

Chapter 9 : Parallel operation of synchronous generators

Sol.1 4.75
Sol.2 Given :
f nl2  51.5 Hz
f nl2  51Hz
S p 1  S p 2  1MW/Hz  1MW/Hz
Pc  2.5 MW
 P1  P2  2.5 …(i)
Load shared by generator 1 is given by,
P1  S p ( f nl1  f sy )
P1  1(51.5  f sy ) …(ii)
Similarly, for load 2 S p 2
P2  S p 2 ( f nl2  f sy )
P2  1(51  f sy ) …(iii)
From equation (ii)
f sy  51.5  P1 …(iv)
From equation (iii)
f sy  51  P2 …(v)
Equating equation (iv) and (v)
51.5  P1  51  P2
P1  P2  0.5 …(vi)
Solving equation (i) and (vi)
P1  P2  2.5
P1  P2  0.5
P1  1.5 MW
P2  1MW
 f sy  51.5  P1
 51.5  1.5
f sy  50 Hz
Sol.3 (C)
Sol.4 4.41
Sol.5 Given :
P1rated  200 MW
P2 rated  400 MW
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 39 Synchronous Machines
1st droop char  4%
2nd droop  5%
f nl  50 Hz
PL  600 MW
P1  P2  600 …(i)
From 1st droop.
f nl  f fl
4 100
f fl

4 50  f fl

100 f fl
f fl  48.076 Hz
From 2nd droop
50  f fl2
5 100
f fl2

f fl  45.619 Hz
P 200
 S p1    104 MW/Hz
f nl  f l1 50  48.067
P2 400
S p2    168 MW/Hz
f nl2  fl2 50  47.619

P1  104(50  f sy )
P2  168(50  f sy )
P1
f sy  50  …(ii)
104
P2
f sy  50  …(iii)
168
Equating (ii) and (iii)
168 P1  104 P2  0 …(iv)
Solving equation (i) and (iv)
P1  230.58
P2  370.588 Hz
f sy  47.78 Hz
Sol.6 Given :
Speed regulation of G1  4%
Speed regulation of G2  4%
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 40 Synchronous Machines

Rated power of G1  12 MW
Load power PL  10 MW
P1  P2  10 MW …(i)
Let power shared by generator G1 be x MW
4
Droop in speed of 200 MW  x
12
 Power supplied generator 2 be (10  x )
4
Droop in speed of 400 MW  (10  x)
8
 Two machines are operating in parallel, the droop in speed will be same
4x 4
 (10  x)
12 9
2 x  30  3x
5 x  30
x  6 MW
Load shared by generator  6 M
Load shared by generator 2  4 MW
Sol.7 When both the alternator i.e, A and R are supply an inductive load equally. Reactive power shared by
both generator is equal ‘A’.
If the excitation of alternator is increased then its power factor will result in improving power factor
of alternator B , so the alternator A will deliver more current and B will deliver less current.
Hence option (B) is correct.
Sol.8 (B)
Sol.9 Active power shared by generator is changed by changing driving torque.
Reactive power shared by generator is changed by changing excitation.
Hence option (A) is correct.
Sol.10 For the alternators operating in parallel. If load shared by one of the generator is to be increased, then to
cope up with the increased demand of load, driving torque (input torque) should by increased by keeping
excitation constant. This will help that alternator to remain in synchronism.
Sol.11 Given :
Load 1 Load 2
PL1  1000 kW PL2  800 kW
PL1  1MW PL2  0.8 MW
cos 1  0.8lag cos 2  0.707 lag
f nl  61Hz
S p1  1MW/Hz
S p1  S p1 [ f nl  f sy ]
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 41 Synchronous Machines

1  1[61  f sy ]
1MW  [61  f sy ]
f sy  60 Hz
After second load is connected
PL2  1MW  0.8 MW  1.8 MW
PL2  S p ( f nl2  f sy )
1.8  1(61  f sy )
f sy  59.2 Hz
Hence the correct option is (D).
Sol.12 Given : Rating of alternators
f nl1  50 Hz
f f1  48 Hz
f nl2  50 Hz
f f2  47.5 Hz
PL  3000 kW
PL  3MW
G1  2 MVA
G2  2 MVA
P1  P2  3MW
Pfl 2
S p1    1MW/Hz
f nl  f f 1 50  48
Pfl 2
S p2    0.8 MW/Hz
f nl2  f fl 50  47.5
P1  S p1 ( f nl  f sy ) …(i)
P1  1(50  f sy ) …(ii)
P2  0.8(50  f sy ) …(iii)
50  P1  f sy …(iv)
50  1.25 P2  f sy …(v)
Equating (iv) and (v)
50  P1  50  1.25 P2
P1  1.25 P2  0 …(vi)
Solving equation (i) and (ii)
P1  1.667 MW
P2  1.333MW
Hence option (A) is correct.
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 42 Synchronous Machines

Sol.13 PL  2.5 MW
f nl1  61.5 Hz
f nl2  61Hz
S p1  1MW/Hz
S p2  1MW/Hz
P1  P2  2.5 …(i)
P2  S p2 ( f nl2  f sy ) …(iii)
P1  1(61.5  f sy )
61.5  P1  f sy …(iv)
P2  1(61  f sy )
f sy  61  P2 …(v)
Equating equation (iv) and (v)
 61.5  P1  61  P2
P1  P2  0.5 …(vi)
Solving equations (i) and (vi)
P1  P2  2.5
P1  P2  0.5
2 P1  3
P1  1.5 MW
P2  1MW
P1  1(61.5  f sy )
f sy  61.5  P1  61.5  1.5
f sy  60 Hz
Hence option (A) is correct.
Sol.14 Given :
VL  400 V
PL  50 V
cos  L  0.8lag  36.860
cos 1  0.9 lag  25.840
Alternater 1 Alternater 2
P1  jQ1 P2  jQ1
Q Q2
tan 1  tan 2 
P1 P2
Q  Q 
1  tan 1  1  2  tan 1  2 
 P1   P2 
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 43 Synchronous Machines

S L  PL  jQL
QL  PL tan  L
QL  50 103  tan(36.56)
QL  37.48 KVAR
As power shared alternator 1 and 2 is same
 P1  P2  2 P  PL
PL 50 kW
P 
2 2
P  P1  P2  25 kW
Q1
 tan 1 
P1
1  P1 tan 1  25 103  tan(25.84)  12.1070 KVAR
QL  Q1  Q2
37.48  12.107  Q2
Q2  25.3729
Q2
tan 2 
P2
 25.3729 
2  tan 1  
 25 
2  45.42420
cos 2  cos (42.42420 )
cos 2  0.702 lag
Current supplied by alternator 2 is
P2  3VL I L cos 2

P2 25 103
IL  
3VL  cos 2 3  400  0.702
I L  51.40 A
Hence the correct option is (A).
Sol.15 Given :
VL  6600 V
Load 1  400 kW  (400  j 0) kVA
Load 2  300 kW at 0.8 lag
 (300  j 224.91) kVA
Electrical Machines [Workbook] 44 Synchronous Machines
Load 3  400 kW at 0.85lag
 (400  j 247.89) kVA
Load 4  800 kW at 0.7 lag
 (800  j816.6) kVA
Total load  ( PL1  PL2  PL3  PL4 )  j (QL1  QL2  QL3  QL4 )

  (400  300  400  800)  j (0  224.91  247.89  816.16)  kVA

Total load  (1900  j1288.96) kVA
Current supplied by one alternator is
I d  100 A at 0.9 PF lag

P1  3VL I L cos c  3  6600  100  0.9

P1  1028.83kW
Q1  P1 tan 1  1028.83  tan(cos 1 (0.9))  498.285
Q1  498.285 kVAR
 Power demand = Power supplied
PL  jQL  ( P1  P2 )  j (Q1  Q2 )
PL  P1  P2
1900  1028.83  P2
P2  871.47 kW
QL  Q1  Q2
1288.96  498.285  Q2
Q2  790.675 kVAR

Q   790.675 
2  tan 1  2   tan 1  
 p2   871.47 
2  42.217 0
cos 2  cos(42.2170 )  0.7407 lag

P2  3VL I L2  cos 2

817.47  103  3  6600  I L2  0.7409

I L2  102.886 A  103A
Hence the correct option is (B).

