DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL
200 Surcharge load, gsurc. 3 KN/m3
W5
16 mm dia bar as vert. @ 120 c/c
2
W22 10 mm dia bar as dist. @ 140 c/c
6000.0 W1
Hx 6850 7500
W3
W6
2
12 mm dia bar as Top & Bottom. @ 110 c/c
2 1500 10 mm dia bar as Dist. @ 150 c/c
c b
c' W4 650
b'
900 mm stem width
2
1000.0 2600
4500
12 mm dia bar as Top & Bottom. In Toe @ 110 c/c 10 mm dia bar as Dist. In Toe @ 150 c/c
d a
c b
112.60 KN/m2
h
28.12 I
je = 7.81 KN/m2
j g ig = 16.25 KN/m2
f cf = 132.91 KN/m2
e
Soil pressure diagram at foundation base.
DATA
Height of embankment above ground level h1 = 6.0 m
Grade of Concrete. fck = 20 Mpa
Unit weight of concrete, γc γc = 25 KN/m3
Grade of Reinforcement. fy = 415 Mpa
Density of the liquid. gl = 10 KN/m3
Concrete Cover to main reinforcement. = 50 mm.
Maximum diameter of Bar = 20 mm.
Effective Thickness of the wall d = 840 mm.
Bulk density of soil, n gs = 16 KN/m3
Surcharge weight gsurcharge = 3 KN/m3
Moisture content,w = 0.5
Specific gravity,G = 2.67
Saturated soil density gw = 7.15 KN/m3
Angle of repose, f Ø = 27
Partial Factor of Safety = = 1.5
Depth of water table =
Assumed wall thickness at top,ttop ttop = 200 mm.
Wall thickness at bottom, tbottom tbottom = 900 mm.
Bearing capacity of soil, S.B.C Pbc = 75 KN/m2
Gross bearing capacity, Pbcnet + g x Df Pbcgross = 185 KN/m2
Co-efficient of friction µ = 0.5
DIMENSION OF RETAINING WALL
Maximum depth of foundation, (Pbc/γs) x {(1-sinΦ)/(1+sinΦ)}^2 Df = 0.661 m
Provide depth of foundation Dprov. = 1.5 m
Total depth from Wall top to foundn. bottom, (Dprov. + h1) Ht = 7.5 m
Thickness of base slab calculation: -
Thickness of base slab required, ts = (Ht/12) or 0.08xHt ts = 625 mm
Adopt thickness of base slab tprov. = 650 mm
Height of stem, hs = (Ht - tprov.) hs = 6.85 m
Co-effict. of active earth pressure, Ca = (1-sinΦ﴿/﴾1+sinΦ﴿ Ca = 0.38
Width of heel slab, Xheel = Ht x {√ ( Ca/3 )} Xheel = 2.65 m
Width of base slab required = B = (1.5 x Xheel) B = 3.98 m
Width of base provided B = 4.50 m
Width of Toe slab assumed Xtoe = 1.00 m
Co efficient of earth pressure at rest ko = 0.5
DESIGN OF STEM: --
Height of stem = 6.85 m
Ultimate Moment at wall stem , Mu = 1.5Ca x {γs x h /6} s
3
Mu = 503.45 KN-m
Mu/bxd 2
= 0.71
Assuming singly reinforced section, Refer Table 2 of SP:16.
Mu/bd2 pt
0.7 0.203
0.75 0.218
pt = 0.2071
Reinforcement required, Ast required = (pt x 103 x d / 100) Ast,reqd. = 1615.0 mm2/m
Ast1 with min reinf of 0.2% on each face = Ast,Minm. = 382.2 mm2/m
However, reinforcement provide, Ast Provided = 16 f bars @ 120 mm c/c as
1675.52 mm2/m
Distribution reinforcement:-
Ast,distribution with min reinf of 0.12% on each face = = 540 mm2/m
However, reinforcement provide, Ast Provided = 10 f bars @ 140 mm c/c as
561.00 mm2/m
CHECK FOR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AT BASE : --
Calculation for 1 met. Run of wall.
C.G Distance from
Weight / Loads Load (KN) Moment (KN-m)
edge of slab
1.Weight of soil over heel slab = W1 = (4.0 x 4.70 x 16.2) 312.36 1.3 406.068
2. Weight of wall (Rectangular section) = W2 = 4.7 x 0.25 x 25 34.25 2.1 71.93
3. Weight of Triangular wall section = W3 = 0.5x0.25x4.7x25 59.94 1.65 98.90
4. Weight of base slab = W4 = 6.50 x 0.50 x 25 73.125 2.25 164.53
5. Weight of soil over heel slab = W5 = 0.25 x 4.7 x 16.2 76.72 1.35 103.57
6. Weight of soil over toe slab = W6 = 2.0 x 0.700 x 16.2 13.6 4.00 54.40
7. Moment due to earth pressure & surcharge, M = Ca.(үs.hs^3) / 6 ----- ----- 335.63
Total ∑W = 569.99 ∑M = 1235.02
Distance of resultant point force from edge "a" = ∑M / ∑W = 2.167 m
Eccentricity, e = ( Z - 0.5 x B ) = 0.083 m B/6 = 0.750
< B/6,Hence O.K & Soil pressure is compressive from point 'a' to 'd'
Maximum soil pressure at pt 'd', Pmax = ( W/B ) x (1+ 6e/B ) Pmax = 140.73 KN/m2 …Toe
Comp. - Safe
Maximum soil pressure at pt 'a', Pmin = ( W/B ) x (1- 6e/B ) Pmin = 112.60 KN/m2 …Heel
Comp. - Safe
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB: --
Maximum bending moment in the heel slab is computed at section"b" - "b", using the moment calculation shown below.
Moment calculation for 1 met. Run of heel slab.
C.G Distance from
Weight / Loads Load (KN) Moment (KN-m)
edge of slab
1. Weight of soil over heel slab = W1 = (4.0 x 4.70 x 16.2) 312.36 1.3 406.07
2. Self weight of heel slab = W2 = (4.0 x 0.5 x 25) 42.3 1.3 54.93
3. Weight of soil over heel slab = W5 = 0.25 x 4.7 x 16.2 76.72 1.35 103.57
Deduction due to upward pressure
Deduction due to upward pressure Wu = Pmin x (4.0) - {abih} 292.77 1.3 380.60
Upward pressure - {ghi} = Wig = 1/2 x 2.0 x ig 21.124 0.87 18.308
Net, W = 117.438 Net M = 165.66
Ultimate moment, Mu = 1.5 x Net M = 248.49 KN-m
Ultimate shear force, Vu = 1.5 x Net W = 176.16 KN
Design shear,τc = (Vu / b x d) = 0.210 Mpa
Refer Table 19 of IS:456 & for M20 grade of concrete, the % of reinforcement required for τc = 0.174 is as --
pt (% of reinforcement) Ast / b x d = 0.15
Ast = 0.15 x b x d = 975 mm2/m
Mu / bxd2 = 0.352
Assuming singly reinforced section, Refer Table 2 of SP:16.
Mu/bd2 pt
0.35 0.099
0.4 0.114
pt = 0.0996 < pt provided- Hence O.K
Therefore, reinforcement provide, Ast Provided = 12 f bars @ 110 mm c/c as
1028.16 mm2/m
Distribution reinforcement:-
Ast,distribution with min reinf of 0.12% on each face = = 504 mm2/m
However, reinforcement provide, Ast Provided = 10 f bars @ 150 mm c/c @ Both faces
524 mm /m2
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB: --
Maximum bending moment in the toe slab is computed at section"c" - "c", using the moment calculation shown below.
Moment calculation for 1 met. Run of toe slab.
C.G Distance from
Weight / Loads Load (KN) Moment (KN-m)
edge of slab
Deduction of weight.
1. Weight of soil over toe slab = W1 = (1.0 x 1.0 x 16.2) 24 0.75 18.00
2. Self weight of toe slab = W2 = (1.0 x 0.5 x 25) 16.3 0.5 8.13
Upward pressure { cdjf}, Wu = P x (1.0) - {abih} 132.91 0.5 66.46
Upward pressure - {jfe} = Wig = 1/2 x 1.0 x je 3.906 0.67 2.604
Net, W = 96.571 Net M = 42.94
Ultimate moment, Mu = 1.5 x Net M = 64.40 KN-m
Ultimate shear force, Vu = 1.5 x Net W = 144.86 KN
Design shear,τc = (Vu / b x d) = 0.172 Mpa
Refer Table 19 of IS:456 & for M20 grade of concrete, the % of reinforcement required for τc = 0.172 is as --
pt (% of reinforcement) Ast / b x d = 0.15
Ast = 0.15 x b x d = 975 mm2/m
Mu / bxd2 = 0.09
Assuming singly reinforced section, Refer Table 2 of SP:16.
Mu/bd2 pt
0.0 0.085
0.3 0.085
pt = 0.0850 < pt provided- Hence O.K
Therefore, reinforcement provide, Ast Provided = 12 f bars @ 110 mm c/c
1028.16 mm2/m
Distribution reinforcement:-
Ast,distribution with min reinf of 0.12% on each face = = 504 mm2/m
However,reinforcement provide, Ast (@ Both faces) = 10 f bars @ 150 mm c/c
523.60 mm2/m
STABILITY AGAINST OVERTURNING : -
Stability against overturning is checked by computing the overturning & stabilizing moment about toe…
Overturning moment, Mo = ( Ca x γs x hs3 / 6)+(k0 x γs x h) x h/3 Mo = 339.49 KN-m
Stabilizing moment due to vertical forces about the toe
Ms = ∑W*(B-Z) Ms = 1329.94 KN-m
Factor of safety against overturning, FOS = (0.9 x Ms / Mo) F.O.S = 3.53 > 1.40- Hence Safe
STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING : -
Sliding force = Pa = (0.5 x Ca x γs x Ht2 ) + (k0 x γs x h) Pa = 176.7 KN
Resisting force, FR = μ x W FR = 285.00 KN
Factor of safety against sliding = (0.9 x FR) / Pa FOS = 1.45 > 1.40- Hence Safe
Safe, hence no need of Shear key below stem
Reinforcement percentage, pt for singly reinforced sections
fy = 415 N/mm2
fck(N/mm ) =
2
20 25 30
Mu/bd2 pt pt pt
(N/mm )2
0.00 0.085 0.084 0.084
0.30 0.085 0.084 0.084
0.35 0.099 0.099 0.098
0.40 0.114 0.113 0.113
0.45 0.128 0.127 0.127
0.50 0.143 0.142 0.141
0.55 0.158 0.156 0.156
0.60 0.172 0.171 0.17
0.65 0.187 0.186 0.185
0.70 0.203 0.201 0.2
0.75 0.218 0.216 0.214
0.80 0.233 0.231 0.229
0.85 0.248 0.246 0.244
0.90 0.264 0.261 0.259
0.95 0.28 0.276 0.274
1.00 0.295 0.291 0.289
1.05 0.311 0.307 0.304
1.10 0.327 0.322 0.319
1.15 0.343 0.338 0.334
1.20 0.359 0.353 0.35
1.25 0.376 0.369 0.365
1.30 0.392 0.385 0.38
1.35 0.409 0.401 0.396
1.40 0.426 0.417 0.411
1.45 0.443 0.433 0.427
1.50 0.46 0.449 0.443
1.55 0.477 0.466 0.459
1.60 0.494 0.482 0.475
1.65 0.512 0.499 0.491
1.70 0.53 0.515 0.507
1.75 0.547 0.532 0.523
1.80 0.565 0.549 0.539
1.85 0.584 0.566 0.556
1.90 0.602 0.583 0.572
1.95 0.621 0.601 0.589
2.00 0.64 0.618 0.605
2.02 0.647 0.625 0.612
2.04 0.655 0.632 0.619
2.05 0.659 0.635 0.622
2.06 0.662 0.639 0.625
2.08 0.67 0.646 0.632
2.10 0.678 0.653 0.639
2.12 0.685 0.660 0.646
2.14 0.693 0.667 0.653
2.15 0.697 0.671 0.656
2.16 0.701 0.675 0.659
2.18 0.709 0.682 0.666
2.20 0.717 0.689 0.673
2.22 0.725
2.24 0.733
2.26 0.741
2.28 0.749
2.30 0.757
2.32 0.765
2.34 0.773
2.36 0.781
2.38 0.790
2.40 0.798
2.42 0.806
2.44 0.814
2.46 0.823
2.48 0.831
2.50 0.840
2.52 0.848
2.54 0.857
2.56 0.866
2.58 0.874
2.60 0.883
2.62 0.892
2.64 0.901
2.66 0.910
2.68 0.919
2.70 0.928
2.72 0.937
2.74 0.946
2.76 0.955
2.77 0.959
2.80 0.959
2.85 0.9815
2.90 1.004
2.95 1.021
3.00 1.038
3.05 1.0555
3.10 1.073
3.15 1.0905
3.20 1.108
3.25 1.125
3.30 1.142
3.32 1.149
3.34 1.156
3.35 1.1595
3.36 1.163
3.38 1.17
3.40 1.177
3.45 1.1945
3.50 1.212
3.60 1.246
3.70 1.251
3.80 1.315
3.90 1.35
4.00 1.355
4.10 1.419
4.20 1.454
4.30 1.459
4.40 1.523
4.50 1.558
4.60 1.593
4.70 1.627
4.80 1.662
4.90 1.696
5.00 1.731
5.10 1.766
5.20 1.8
5.30 1.835
5.40 1.87
5.50 1.904
5.60 1.939
5.70 1.974
5.80 2.005
5.90 2.043
6.00 2.075
6.10 2.112
6.20 2.147
6.30 2.181
6.40 2.216
6.50 2.251
6.60 2.285
6.70 2.32
6.80 2.355
6.90 2.359
7.00 2.424
7.10 2.459
