#
If the patient has a history of gout, which of the following drugs is most likely to
exacerbate this condition?
-Colestipol
-Gemfibrozil
-Lovastatin
-Niacin
-Simvastatin
A 55-year-old patient currently receiving other drugs for another condition is to be
started on diuretic therapy for mild heart failure. Thiazides are known to reduce the
excretion of
-Diazepam
-Fluoxetine
-Imipramine
-Lithium
-Potassium
Aldosterone release is stimulated by
-Angiotensin --Angiotensin
-Angiotensin 3
-Angiotensin and Angiotensin 3
Following potassium sparing diuretic inhibits action of aldosterone
-Amiloride
-Triamterene
-Spironolactone
-All of the above
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase results in
-Abolition of NaHCO3 reabsorption in proximal tubule
-Enhanced of NaHCO3 reabsorption in proximal tubule
-Enhanced NAHCO3 secretion in distal tubule
-None of the above
The oral absorption of following osmotic diuretic is negligible
-Glycerin
-Mannitol
-Isosorbide
-All of the above
Following loop diuretic is a phynoxy acetic acid derivative
-Furosemide
-Bumetanide
-Ethacrynic acid
-All of the above
#
Following potassium sparing diuretic is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
-Amiloride
-Triamterene
-Spironolactone
-All of the above
Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except
-Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast
media)
-Severe hypotension or circulatolry collapse
-Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure
-Hemolysis, myoglobinuria
-Hyperkalemia
A 29-year-old woman who was in her 41st week of gestation had been in labor for
12 hours. Although her uterine contractions had been strong and regular
initially, they had diminished in force during the past hour. Which of the
following drugs would be administered to facilitate this woman's labor and
delivery?
-Dopamine
-Leuprolide
-Oxytocin
-Prolactin
-Vasopressin
Which one of the following agents is not used in oral or implantable
contraceptives?
-Clomiphene
-Ethinyl estradiol
-Mestranol
-Norethindrone
-Norgestrel
All of the following are recognized effects of combined oral contraceptives except
-Breakthrough bleeding
-Decreased risk of endometrial cancer
-Increased risk of ischemic stroke
-Increased risk of ovarian cancer
-Nausea
A 50-year-old woman with a positive mammogram undergoes lumpectomy
and a small carcinoma is removed. Biochemical analysis of the cancer reveals the
presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. After this procedure, she will
probably receive
-Danazol
-Flutamide
-Leuprolide
-Mifepristone
-Tamoxifen
A young woman complains of severe abdominal pain at the time of
menstruation. Careful evaluation indicates the presence of significant endometrial
deposits on the pelvic peritoneum. The most appropriate therapy for this patient
would be
-Fultamide, orally
-Medroxyprogesterone acetate by intramuscular injection
-Norgestreal as an implant
-Oxandrolone by intramuscular injection
-Raloxifene orally
Diethylstilbestrol should never be used in pregnant women because it is associated
with
-Development of deep vein thrombosis in the pregnant woman
-Feminization of the external genitalia of male offspring
-Infertility and development of vaginal cancer in female offspring
-Miscarriage
-Virilization of the external genitalia of female offspring
Finasteride has efficacy in the prevention of male-pattern baldness by virtue of its
ability to
-Competitively antagonize androgen receptors
-Decrease the release of gonadotropins
-Increase the serum concentration of SHBG
-Inhibit the synthesis of testosferone
-Reduce the production of dihydrotestosterone
A 52-year-old postmenopausal patient has evidence of low bone mineral
denisity. She and her physician are considering therapy with raloxifene or a
combination of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Which
of the following patient characteristics is most likely to lead them to select
raloxifene?
-Previous hysterectomy
-Recurrent vaginitis
-Rheumatoid arthritis
-Strong family history of breast cancer
-Troublesome hot flushes
Following delivery of a healthy baby, a young woman begins to bleed extensively
because her uterus has failed to contract. Which one of the following drugs should
be administered to this woman?
-Desmopressin
-Octreotide
-Oxytocin
-Prolactin
-Triamcinolone
#
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Its characteristic
properties make the drug most suitable for treatment of a female patient who
-Decides to start using an oral contraceptive
-Has postmenopausal osteoporosis and is at risk for breast cancer
-Needs postcoital contraception
-Suffers from hirsutism
-Wants a therapeutic abortion
Select the drug which can improve urinary flow rate in benign prostatic
hypertrophy without affecting prostate size
-Amphetamine
-Prazosin
-Finasteride
-Goserelin
The drug used for cervical priming to facilitate labour is
-Oxytocin
-Stilboestrol
-Progesterone
-Prostaglanding E2
Which of the following statements about spironolactone is TRUE?
-Spironolactone reverses many of the manifestations of aldosteronism
-Spironilactone is also an androgen antagonist and as such is used in the treatment
of hirsutism in wormen
-Spironolactone is useful as a diuretic
-All of the above
All of the following statements regarding diuretics are true, EXCEPT:
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to increased reabsorption of NaHCO 3
-Loop diuretics decrease Na+ reabsorption at the loop of Henle by competing for
the Cl-site on the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter
-In general, the potency of a diuretic is determined by where it acts in the renal
tubule
-Hydrochlorothiazide decreases urinary calcium excretion
The drug inhibits the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Spironolactone (Aldactone)
The drug acts by competitively blocking NaCl cotransporters in the distal tubule:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Spironolactone (Aldactone)
#
The drug acts at the proximal tubule:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Spironolactone (Aldactone)
The drug acts by competing with aldosterone for its cytosolic receptors:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Spironolactone (Aldactone)
The drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the collecting
tubules:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
Chronic use of this drug can lead to distal tubular hypertrophy, which may reduce
its diuretic effect:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
The drug has a steroid-like structure which is responsible for its anti-androgenic
effect:
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Sustained use of this drug results in increased plasma urate concentrations:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug can be used to treat glaucoma:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
#
The drug can cause ototoxicity:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug acts only on the lumenal side of renal tubules:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug can promote sodium loss in patients with low (e.g., 40 ml/min)
glomerular filtration rates:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug needs aldosterone present in order to be effective:
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug can be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug is sometimes part of fixed-dose combinations used to treat essential
hypertension:
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Both of the above
-Neither of the above
The drug should never be administered to patients taking potassium supplements:
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Neither of the above
The drug decreases calcium excretion in urine:
-Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
The drug acts by competitively blocking the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug acts at the proximal tubule:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug acts in the distal convoluted tubule:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug acts in the collecting tubules:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug is the most potent diuretic:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug acts by competitively blocking the NaCl cotransporter:
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
The drug inhibits sodium and chloride transport in the cortical thick ascending
limb and the early distal tubule:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
The drug can cause ototoxicity:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
The drug blocks the sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporter in the thick
ascending loop of Henle:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
The drug is one of the most potent diuretics:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
#
The drug is usually given in combination with a thiazide diuretic:
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
-Amiloride (Midamor)
All of the following statements regarding diuretics are true EXCEPT:
-Furosemide (Lasix) can increase the likelihood of digitalis toxicity
-Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) can decrease the excretion of lithium
-Ibuprofen can increase the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone
-Chlorthalidone has a longer duration of action than furosemide
The drug is the least potent diuretic:
-Osmotic diuretics
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
These agents must be given parenterally because they are not absorbed when given
orally:
-Osmotic diuretics
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
These drugs may be used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis:
-Osmotic diuretics
-Loop diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics
-Potassium-sparing diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix) acts at this nephron site:
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting duct
Metolazone (Mykrox) acts at this nephron site:
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting duct
#
Acetazolamide (Diamox) acts at this nephron site:
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting duct
Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts at this nephron site:
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting duct
Amiloride (Midamone) acts at this nephron site:
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-Collecting duct
The drug competitively blocks chloride channels and prevents movement of
sodium, potassium, and chloride into the renal tubular cells:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Triamterene (Dyrenium)
-Mannitol (Osmitrol)
The drug acts by affecting the tubular fluid composition in a non-receptor mediated
fashion:
-Furosemide (Lasix)
-Acetazolamide (Diamox)
-Triamterene (Dyrenium)
-Mannitol (Osmitrol)
A 56-year-old woman recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure started a
therapy that included furosemide. Acetazolamide was added to counteract the
potential metabolic alkalosis induced by furosemide. Which of the following
molecular actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of acetazolamide in
this patient?
-Inhibition of carbonic acid dehydration in the tubular lumen
-Stimulation of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule
-Inhibition of Na + reabsorption in the early distal tubule
-Stimulation of H + reabsorption in the proximal tubule
-Stimulation of carbonic acid formation inside the tubular cells
A 69-year-old depressed man with a 10-year history of glaucoma was admitted to
the emergency department after he took several tablets of one of his
medications in a suicide attempt. The patient was drowsy and complained of
nausea, paresthesias, and tiredness. Physical examination revealed erythematous
skin eruptions. Lab tests indicated hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Which of
the following medications might have caused the patient's symptoms?
-Mannitol
-Latanoprost
-Timolol
-Acetazolamide
-Pilocarpine
A 55-year-old alcoholic man was admitted to the emergency department because
of disorientation, amnesia, confusion, and bizarre behavior for the past 24 hours.
His wife reported that the man was being treated for hypertension and for recently
diagnosed glaucoma. Physical examination revealed a cachectic male in a confused
mental state. His abdomen appeared tense with prominent veins and ascites, and a
musty, pungent odor was noted in his breath. Neurologic signs included
nystagmus, ataxia, and asterixis. Which of the following drugs most likely
triggered the patient's syndrome?
-Acetazolamide
-Nifedipine
-Losartan
-Timolol
-Lovastatin
A 54-year-old woman recently diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma was
prescribed topical timolol. Two weeks later, intraocular pressure was decreased but
was still above the normal value. The ophthalmologist decided to add a topical
drug that acts by decreasing aqueous humor production. Which of the
following drugs was most likely prescribed as the second drug?
-Pilocarpine
-Carbachol
-Latanoprost
-Dorzolamide
-Mannitol
A 15-year-old boy awoke with weakness and 1 hour later realized that he could
not move his legs. The attack lasted about 2 hours but then disappeared without
residual symptoms. The boy was referred to a neurologic clinic, where the
diagnosis of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis was made. He was
prescribed potassium chloride and a diuretic that is able to prevent the attacks in
many cases. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
-Mannitol
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Ethacrynic acid
-Triamterene
-Acetazolamide
A 67-year-old man was found to have a plasma calcium level of 12.2 mg/dL during
a follow-up visit. The man had a 3-year history of Hodgkin lymphoma. He was
recently diagnosed with nephrolithiasis for which he had been treated with
hydrochlorothiazide for the past 3 weeks. Which of the following best explains the
most likely mechanism of thiazideinduced hypercalcemia?
-Activation of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger in the distal tubule
-Increased Ca 2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule
-Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
-Decreased renal excretion of vitamin D
-Activation of Na + /K + /2Cl ? symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
-Increased glomerular filtration of Ca 2+
A 67-year-old woman was found to have a plasma level of potassium 2.8 mEq/L
(normal 3.5?5.0 mEq/L) during a follow-up visit. The woman had been receiving
hydrochlorothiazide for 1 month to treat her recently diagnosed essential
hypertension. Which of the following actions most likely contributed to the
thiazide-induced increase in renal excretion of potassium?
-Increased Na + load in the lumen of the collecting tubule
-Blockade of Na + /K + /2Cl ? cotransporter
-Thiazide-induced decrease in renal secretion of uric acid
-Stimulation of Na + /K + pump
-Decreased delivery of bicarbonate to the collecting duct
A 52-year-old alcoholic man suffering from liver cirrhosis was admitted to the
emergency department because of a 2-week history of nausea, vomiting, and lower
abdominal cramps. Physical examination showed a tense abdomen with prominent
veins, and 3+ ascites was noted by shifting dullness and a fluid wave. A diagnosis
of ascites was made, and an appropriate therapy was started. Which of the
following diuretics would be contraindicated for this patient?
-Ethacrynic acid
-Spironolactone
-Acetazolamide
-Furosemide
-Triamterene
#
A 76-year-old woman from a nursing home presented to the emergency department
with a change in her mental state over the past few hours. She had a medical
history of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Her medications included
aspirin, captopril, lovastatin, and a diuretic. On physical examination she showed
decreased skin turgor, orthostatic hypotension, and disorientation to time, place,
and person without focal neurologic deficits. Pertinent blood test results on
admission were Na + 125 mEq/L, creatinine 2.7 mg/dL. Which of the
following drugs most likely caused the patient's syndrome?
-Captopril
-Spironolactone
-Lovastatin
-Triamterene
-Acetazolamide
-Indapamide
A 63-year-old man with a long history of heart failure was admitted to the
emergency department because of severe dyspnea and edema in his legs, thighs,
and lower abdominal wall. Pertinent lab results on admission included a
glomerular filtration rate of 20 mL/min. A diuretic with which of the following
mechanism of action would be appropriate to relieve the edema in this patient?
-Blockade of Na + reabsorption in the proximal tubule
-Blockade of Na + channels in the collecting tubule
-Blockade of Na + /K + /2Cl ? symport in the loop of Henle
-Inhibition of aldosterone actions in the collecting tubule
-Blockade of Na + /Cl ? symport in the early distal tubule
A 42-year-old obese woman was hospitalized because of hypokalemia despite
daily administration of a potassium supplement. Laboratory tests on admission
revealed metabolic alkalosis. The patient admitted taking furosemide tablets in an
effort to lose weight. Which of the following actions most likely contributed to
furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis in this patient?
-Increased reabsorption of uric acid
-Increased delivery of Na + to the distal tubule
-Mild inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
-Decreased reabsorption of Ca 2+ in the loop of Henle
-Inhibition of renin secretion
A 78-year-old man from a nursing home was admitted to the emergency
department because of a change in his mental state over the past few hours. He had
a medical history of angina and hypertension presently treated with isosorbide
mononitrate, losartan, and hydrochlorothiazide. Physical examination showed a
person with decreased skin turgor and disorientation to time and place without
focal neurologic deficits. Blood pressure was 110/65 mm Hg on standing and
140/88 mm Hg on lying. Pertinent blood tests on admission were Na + 116 mEq/L
(normal 136?145 mEq/L); K + 3.1 mEq/L (normal 3.5?5.0 mEq/L); uric acid 10.2
mg/dL (normal 3.0? 8.2 mg/dL); creatinine 3.1 mg/dL (normal 0.6?1.2 mg/dL).
The physician thought that the syndrome was due to diuretic therapy. Which
of the following drug-induced adverse effects most likely caused the patient's signs
and symptoms?
-Kidney insufficiency
-Hypokalemia
-Hypovolemic hyponatremia
-Hyperuricemia
-Hypervolemic hyponatremia
#
A 66-year-old woman suffering from systolic cardiac failure was brought to the
emergency department because of a sudden onset of extreme dyspnea. She
presented with cyanosis, tachypnea, hyperpnea, restlessness, anxiety, and a sense
of suffocation. Cough was prominent and produced pink-tinged, frothy sputum.
Pulse was thready and fast (120 bpm), blood pressure 80/45 mm Hg, and rales
were audible at the lung bases. Which of the following drugs was most likely
included in the immediate medical treatment of this patient?
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Amiloride
-Mannitol
-Epinephrine
-Furosemide
-Metoprolol
A 63-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department because she
had become more lethargic and unresponsive over the past several days. Her past
medical history was significant for bone metastases from breast cancer. Physical
examination revealed a dehydrated, cachectic female responsive only to painful
stimuli. Pertinent serum values were Na + 148 mEq/L (136?145 mEq/L); Ca 19.2
mg/dL (8.5?10.5 mg/dL). An intravenous saline infusion was started, and a
diuretic was given concurrently. Which of the following diuretics was most
likely administered?
-Acetazolamide
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Furosemide
-Amiloride
-Spironolactone
#
A 64-year-old woman suffering from stage C heart failure had her diuretic
medication changed because of a serious allergic reaction to furosemide. Which of
the following diuretics was most likely prescribed?
-Spironolactone
-Acetazolamide
-Mannitol
-Ethacrynic acid
-Triamterene
-Indapamide
A 49-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of generalized
weakness, continuous nausea, and diarrhea. Bowel movements were frequent and
watery. The patient's own report was vague, but notes in the chart from other
hospitals revealed that she had a very long history of laxative abuse. Blood test
results on admission showed pronounced hypokalemia (K + 2.8 mEq/L). An
appropriate therapy was started that included the administration of
triamterene. Which of the following actions best explains the potassium-sparing
effect of this drug?
-Enhancement of K + reabsorption in the proximal tubule
-Blockade of Na + channels in the collecting duct
-Enhancement of K + reabsorption in the loop of Henle
-Blockade of aldosterone receptors in the collecting duct
-Blockade of Na + reabsorption in the proximal tubule
A 60-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of symptoms of
episodic weakness, polydipsia, and polyuria over the past 2 weeks. Vital signs on
admission were blood pressure 136/95 mm Hg; heart rate 80 bpm; respirations
13/min. Significant serum results on admission were K + 3.1 mEq/L (normal
3.5?5.0 mEq/L); aldosterone 45 ng/dL (normal 7?30 ng/dL). A computed
tomography scan showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Which of the following
drugs was most likely included in the therapeutic regimen of this patient?
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Mannitol
-Furosemide
-Fenoldopam
-Nitroprusside
-Spironolactone
A 54-year-old alcoholic man was admitted to the emergency department with a 2-
week history of nausea, vomiting, and lower abdominal cramps. Physical
examination revealed an afebrile, jaundiced, and cachectic male in moderate
distress. The abdomen appeared very tense with prominent veins, and 2+ ascites
was noted by shifting dullness and a fluid wave. Pertinent serum values on
admission were Na + 144 mEq/L (normal 136?145 mEq/L); K + 2.9 mEq/L
(normal 3.5?5.0 mEq/L); bicarbonate 34 mEq/L (normal 22?28 mEq/L); albumin
2.3 g/dL (normal 3.3?4.8 mEq/L). Which of the following diuretics would be the
drug of choice for this patient?
-Indapamide
-Mannitol
-Spironolactone
-Furosemide
-Triamterene
A 65-year-old patient was scheduled for surgery to remove a glioma located on his
left parietal lobe. Which of the following drugs would be most appropriately given
before and after surgery to prevent increased intracranial pressure?
-Mannitol
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Triamterene
-Verapamil
-Propranolol
A 57-year-old Black woman, recently diagnosed with closed-angle glaucoma, was
scheduled for iridotomy. Which of the following agents was most likely given
intravenously before and after surgery to reduce intraocular pressure?
-Furosemide
-Triamterene
-Mannitol
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Homatropine
-Phenylephrine
A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-week history of
muscle cramps, lethargy, and confusion. Past history of the patient was
significant for depression treated with amitriptyline. Vital signs on admission
were blood pressure 134/82 mm Hg (with no significant changes upon standing);
heart rate 85 bpm; respirations 14/min. Physical examination was
unremarkable. Pertinent lab test results on admission were serum Na + 118
mEq/L (normal 136?145 mEq/L); serum osmolality 220 mOsm/kg (normal 275?
295 mOsm/kg); urine osmolality 950 mOsm/kg (normal 50?1400 mOsm/kg).
A diagnosis was made, and an appropriate therapy was prescribed. Which of
the following drugs was most likely included in the patient's treatment?
-Mannitol
-Triamterene
-Conivaptan
-Acetazolamide
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Furosemide
A 69-year-old man was recently diagnosed with severe cardiac failure, and the
physician started treatment with propranolol, captopril, and digoxin. Diuretic
therapy was also included. Which of the following pairs of diuretics would have
been most appropriate for this patient?
-Hydrochlorothiazide and acetazolamide
-Furosemide and spironolactone
-Triamterene and acetazolamide
-Hydrochlorothiazide and mannitol
-Furosemide and mannitol
A 63-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department because of a 12-
hour history of dyspnea and bradycardia. He was taking propranolol, captopril,
furosemide, and amiloride because of a previous myocardial infarction, as well as
ibuprofen for osteoarthritis. Physical examination showed the patient was in
respiratory distress with the following vital signs: blood pressure 150/86 mm Hg;
heart rate 40 bpm; respirations 20/min. A lab analysis was ordered. Which of
the following substances was most likely increased in the patient's serum?
-Sodium
-Calcium
-Glucose
-Potassium
-Urea nitrogen
-Triglycerides
A 32-year-old woman suffering from idiopathic hypercalciuria was diagnosed with
a large urinary stone in the right renal pelvis. She was scheduled for surgical
removal of the calculus. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for
this patient to prevent new stone production after the operation?
-Acetazolamide
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Furosemide
-Triamterene
-Spironolactone
