Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
School of Technology, Gandhinagar
Mid Semester Examination, March-2012
B. Tech. Mechanical & Civil Engineering
Semester-II
Course (Code): Chemistry (HS102) Time: 2 hrs
Date: 6-2-2012 Max. Marks: 50
Instructions to students:
1. Do not write anything other than your roll number on question paper.
2. Assume suitable data wherever required and mention it clearly.
3. Writing appropriate units, nomenclature, and drawing neat sketches/schematics wherever required is an integral
part of the answer.
1. What are the five most common types of fuel cells? With the help of a diagram, describe one such (5)
fuel cell
2. Explain why a good fuel should have high calorific value, moderate ignition temperature, low (5)
moisture content, low non-combustible matter and moderate velocity of combustion?
3. Explain with examples, what is knocking problem, how it is related to octane number, and the (5)
factors that affect octane number.
4. With the help of a suitable diagram and reactions, describe how ion exchange method is used for (5)
softening of water to produce de-mineralized water.
5. Describe with reactions (wherever applicable), how colloidal, phosphate, carbonate, calgon and (5)
electrical conditioning are applied to prevent formation of scales in boiler.
6. (a) Calculate the lower and higher calorific value of coal having the composition: carbon 90%, (2½)
hydrogen 5%, sulfur 2%, nitrogen 2% and ash 1%, considering latent heat of steam is 587 cal/g.
(b) A water sample was found to contain Ca(HCO3)2 = 28.4 ppm, Mg(HCO3)2 = 15.3 ppm, CaSO4 = (2½)
15 ppm, MgSO4 = 8 ppm, MgCl2 = 25 ppm, CaCl2 = 20 ppm, and NaCl = 30 ppm. Calculate
temporary, permanent and total hardness.
7.(a) What is hybridization of carbon-oxygen bond in the following molecules: (i) CH3OH (ii) CH3CHO (1)
(b) Write notes on: (i) sp3 (ii) sp2 (iii) sp hybridization with MO diagram. (3)
(c) Draw the molecular orbital structure of the following compounds (i) Formaldehyde (ii) Acetone (1)
8.(a) Explain the following reaction with mechanism. (3)
(i)Nitration of Benzene (ii) Sulfonation of Benzene (iii) Alkylation of Benzene
(b) Discuss the molecular orbital structure of Benzene. (1)
(c) What is the difference between aromatic, non aromatic and anti aromatic compounds, write with (1)
at least one example.
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9.(a) What is isomerism? Explain structural isomerism with at least one example. (3)
(b) What is optical isomerism? Explain optical and Geometrical isomerism with examples. (2)
10. Explain the following terms with one example each. (5)
(a) Enantiomers (b)Cis-trans isomerism (c)Racemic mixture (d) Diastereomers (e) Hückle rule
OR
10. (a) Explain why the nitro group (-NO2) act as meta-director. (5)
(b) Explain why the amino group (-NH2) act as ortho-para director
(c) Explain why pyridine is aromatic compound.
(d) What happens when benzene treated with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3?
(e) Explain the aromatic character of pyrrole, thiophene, furan and pyridine.
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