Ms. Jalpaben D.
Pandya
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics Engineering
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Basic Electrical Engineering
Module 3 – Electrical Installations
SYLLABUS
• Components of LT Switchgear: Switch Fuse Unit (SFU), MCB, ELCB, MCCB
• Types of Wires and Cables, Earthing
• Elementary calculations for energy consumption, power factor improvement
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Components of LT Switch Gear
The apparatus used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical circuits
and equipment is known as switchgear.
The term ‘switchgear’ is a generic term encompassing a wide range of products like
circuit breakers, switches, switch fuse units, off- load isolators, HRC fuses,
contactors, earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs), etc...
A switchgear essentially consists of switching and protecting devices such as
switches, fuses, isolators, circuit breakers, relays, control panels, lightning arrestors,
current transformers, potential transformers and various associated equipment's
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Switch Fuse Unit
It has one switch unit and one fuse unit
When we operate the breaker, the contacts will get close through switch and then the
supply will passes through the fuse unit to the output
Whereas in Fuse Switch Unit there is no separate switch and fuse unit
There is only fuse unit which act itself as a switch
When we operate the fuse unit will close the input and output of the breaker
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MCB
A miniature circuit breaker automatically switches off electrical circuit during abnormal
condition of the network means in over load condition as well as faulty condition.
Nowadays we use an MCB in low voltage electrical network instead of fuse. The fuse may
not sense it but the miniature circuit breaker does it in a more reliable way
MCB is much more sensitive to over current than fuse
Handling a MCB is electrically safer than a fuse
Quick restoration of supply is possible in case of fuse as because fuses must be rewireable
or replaced for restoring the supply. Restoration is easily possible by just switching it ON
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MCB
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ELCB
Early earth leakage circuit breakers are voltage detecting devices, which are now switched
by current sensing devices (RCD/RCCB)
Generally, the current sensing devices termed as RCCB and voltage detecting devices
named as Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB).
An ECLB is one kind of safety device used for installing an electrical device with high earth
impedance to avoid shock.
These devices identify small stray voltages of the electrical device on the metal enclosures
and intrude the circuit if a dangerous voltage is identified. The main purpose of Earth
leakage circuit breaker (ECLB) is to stop damage to humans & animals due to electric shock.
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ELCB
An ELCB is a specific type of latching relay that has a structure’s incoming mains power
associated through its switching contacts so that the circuit breaker detaches the power
in an unsafe condition.
The ELCB notices fault currents of human or animal to the earth wire in the connection it
guards. If ample voltage seems across the ELCB’s sense coil, it will turn off the power, and
remain off until manually rearrange. A voltage sensing ELCB doesn’t detect fault currents
from human or animal to the earth.
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ELCB
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MCCB
Molded case circuit breakers are a type of electrical protection device that is
commonly used when load currents exceed the capabilities of miniature circuit
breakers.
They are also used in applications of any current rating that require adjustable
trip settings, which are not available in plug-in circuit breakers and MCBs.
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MCCB
A molded case circuit breaker, abbreviated MCCB, is a type of electrical protection device
that can be used for a wide range of voltages, and frequencies of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
The main distinctions between molded-case and miniature circuit breaker are that the
MCCB can have current ratings of up to 2,500 amperes, and its trip settings are normally
adjustable.
An additional difference is that MCCBs tend to be much larger than MCBs.
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MCCB
As with most types of circuit breakers, an MCCB has three main functions:
• Protection against overload – currents above the rated value that last longer than what
is normal for the application.
• Protection against electrical faults – During a fault such as a short circuit or line fault,
there are extremely high currents that must be interrupted immediately.
• Switching a circuit on and off – This is a less common function of circuit breakers, but
they can be used for that purpose if there isn’t an adequate manual switch.
The wide range of current ratings available from molded-case circuit breakers allows them
to be used in a wide variety of applications. MCCBs are available with current ratings that
range from low values such as 15 amperes, to industrial ratings such as 2,500 amperes. This
allows them to be used in both low-power and high-power applications.
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MCCB
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Types of Cables and Wires
Wire is a single electrical conductor, whereas a cable is a group of wires swathed in
sheathing.
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Types of Wires
Triplex Wires
Main Feeder Wires
Panel Feed Wires
Non-Metallic Sheathed Wires
Single Strand Wires
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Types of Cables
Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable Direct-Buried Cable
Underground Feeder Cable Twin-Lead Cable
Metallic Sheathed Cable Twin axial Cable
Multi-Conductor Cable Paired Cable
Coaxial Cable Twisted Pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
Ribbon Cable
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Electrical Earthing
The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to
the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. The
electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment
or neutral of supply system to the ground.
Mostly, the galvanized iron is used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple
path to the leakage current. The short circuit current of the equipment passes to the
earth which has zero potential. Thus, protects the system and equipment from damage.
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Electrical Earthing
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Battery
Batteries are the most common power source for basic handheld devices to
large scale industrial applications. A battery can be defined as a
combination of one or more electrochemical cells that are capable of
converting stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
2 Types of Batteries
1) Primary Batteries
2) Secondary Batteries
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Types of Batteries
1) Primary Batteries
As the name indicates these batteries are meant for single usage. Once
these batteries are used they cannot be recharged as the devices are not
easily reversible and active materials may not return to their original
forms. Battery manufacturers recommend against recharge of primary
cells.
Some of the examples for the disposable batteries are the normal AA, AAA
batteries which we use in wall clocks, television remote etc. Other name for
these batteries is disposable batteries.
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Types of Batteries
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Types of Batteries
2) Secondary Batteries:
Secondary batteries are also called as rechargeable batteries. These batteries can
be used and recharges simultaneously. They are usually assembled with active
materials with active in the discharged state. Rechargeable batteries are
recharged by applying electric current, which reverses the chemical reactions that
occur during discharge. Chargers are devices which supply the required current.
Some examples for these rechargeable batteries are the batteries used in mobile
phones, MP3 players etc. Devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches use
miniature cells and in places such as telephone exchanges or computer data
centre’s, larger batteries are used.
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Types of Batteries
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REFERENCE
Sr. Website Online links Modules
No Name
1. NPTEL https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105053/ M1, M2, M4,
M5
2. NPTEL https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105066/ M6
3. NPTEL https://nptel.ac.in/noc/courses/noc20/SEM2/noc20-ee68/ M1, M2, M4,
M5
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