AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION FOUND

IN “THE JAKARTA POST” NEWSPAPER

THESIS

BY
GEDE WISNU SEGARA
NPM: 16.IG.S1.1706

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE
MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2020
 AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION FOUND
IN “THE JAKARTA POST” NEWSPAPER

THESIS

Presented to

Faculty of Foreign Languages Mahasaraswati Denpasar University

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the degree of Sarjana Sastra

BY
GEDE WISNU SEGARA
NPM: 16.IG.S1.1706

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2020
 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY

Herewith I,

Name : Gede Wisnu Segara

NPM : 16.IG.S1.1706
Address : Br, Tubuh Batubulan, Sukawati, 80582

Declare that:
1) This skripsi is the sole work of mine and has not been written in
collaboration with any other person, not does it include, without due
acknowledgment, the work of any other person.
2) If at a later time it is found that this skripsi is a product of plagiarism, I am
willing to accept any legal consequence that may be imposed to me.

Denpasar, 2nd March 2020

Gede Wisnu Segara

NPM 16.IG.S1.1706

iii
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS APPROVAL

This study certify that the sarjana thesis of GEDE WISNU SEGARA has been
approved by the board of supervisors.

Denpasar, 2nd March 2020

Supervisor,

I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra, S.S., M.Hum

NIDN. 0802068004

Co-Supervisor,

I Komang Sulatra, S.S., M.Hum

NIDN. 0013037902

iv
 BOARD OF EXAMINERS CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the sarjana thesis of GEDE WISNU SEGARA has been
approved by the Board of Examiners as one of the requirements for the degree of
Sarjana Sastra.

Denpasar, 2nd March 2020

Chair,

Someone special
NIDN. 00000000

Secretary,

I.Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra, S.S., M.Hum

NIDN. 0802068004

Member,

I Komang Sulatra, S.S., M.Hum

NIDN. 0013037902

Acknowledge by,
Dean of Faculty of Foreign Languages
Mahasaraswati Denpasar University

I Komang Sulatra, S.S., M.Hum

NIP. 197903132005011002

v
 ABSTRACT

Segara, Gede Wisnu. 2020. An Analysis of English Word Formation Found in

“The Jakarta Post” Newspaper. English Study Program, Faculty of Foreign
Languages, Mahasaraswati Denpasar University. Supervisor: I Gusti Bagus
Wahyu Nugraha Putra, S.S., M.Hum. ; Co-Supervisor: I Komang Sulatra, S.S.,
M.Hum.

This study entitled “An Analysis of English Word Formation Found in “The
Jakarta Post” Newspaper” is aimed to identify the kinds of English word
formation process in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper. The topic is focused to
analysis of the type of English word formation and the process of word formation
in “The Jakarta Post”. The theory proposed by Bauer (2004) is used as the main
theory about the type of English word formation, and the theory proposed by
Katamba (1993), Hatch and Brown (1995), Yule (2010), O’Grady and Guzman
(1996) are used to analyze the process of English word formation found in “The
Jakarta Post” newspaper. The method in collecting data was by documentation
method. The data analyzed by using the qualitative method. The method applied
in presenting data finding is formal and informal method. From the five edition on
“The Jakarta Post” newspaper this study found seven types of English word
formation those consist of 1 (2, 8%) datum that contained borrowing, 7 (20%)
datum that contained compounding, 12 (34, 3%) datum that contained
initialization and acronym, 1 (2, 8%) datum that contained blending, 2 (5, 7%)
datum that contained clipping, 6 (17, 2%) datum that contained inflection, 6 (17,
2%) datum that contained derivational. As the result, initialization and acronym is
the mostly used which has 12 data (34, 3%) from total data 35 from five edition in
“The Jakarta Post”. It is followed by compounding that has 7 data (20%) from 35
data, as well as borrowing and blending that the least used, that is only has 1
datum (2, 8%) from 35 data.

Keywords: word formation, process, The Jakarta Post

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to express his gratitude to Ida Sang Hyang Widi

Wasa, for his blessing so that this thesis can be completed on time. In completing

this thesis many people have given motivations, advices, and supports for the

researcher. The researcher also would like to express his gratitude and

appreciation to the following people.

1. The Dean of Faculty of Foreign Languages, Mahasaraswati Denpasar

University for his support.

2. Head and Secretary of English Study Program, Faculty of Foreign

Languages, Mahasraswati Denpasar University, for their kind help.

3. I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha, S.S., M.Hum. as the first supervisor and I

Komang Sulatra, S.S., M.Hum. as the second supervisor for their suggestion

and encouragement.

4. All lectures and staff of Faculty of Foreign Languages, Mahasaraswati

Denpasar University for their assistance.

5. Beloved parents who have gave support and prayers to the researcher during

the study of this thesis so that can run smoothly.

6. Beloved friends and colleagues for all prayers and motivation.

I realized that this thesis is far from perfection. Therefore, comments,

suggestions, and new ideas are needed for the improvement of this paper.

vii
Hopefully this thesis will be useful for those who want to develop their study on

English especially English word formation process.

Denpasar, 2nd March 2020

Gede Wisnu Segara

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER....................................................................................................................i
TITLE PAGE.........................................................................................................ii
STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY................................................................iii
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS APPROVAL.......................................................iv
BOARD OF EXAMINERS CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL.........................v
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................ix
LIST OF TABLE..................................................................................................xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION...............................................................................xii
LIST OF APPENDICES....................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study...........................................................................1
1.2 Problem of the Study.................................................................................3
1.3 Objective of the Study...............................................................................3
1.4 Limitation of the Study..............................................................................3
1.5 Significance of the Study...........................................................................4
1.5.1 Theoretical Significance................................................................4
1.5.2 Practical Significance.....................................................................4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................5
2.1 Review of Related Literature.....................................................................5
2.2 Concepts.....................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Word Formation.............................................................................8
2.2.2 The Jakarta Post.............................................................................9
2.2.3 Newspaper......................................................................................9
2.3 Theoretical Framework............................................................................10
2.3.1 Word Formation Process..............................................................10
2.3.2 Morpheme....................................................................................15
2.3.3 Root, Stem, and Base...................................................................16

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD...........................................................18

3.1 Data Source..............................................................................................18
3.2 Data Collection........................................................................................18
3.3 Data Analysis...........................................................................................18
3.4 Finding Presentation................................................................................19

CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION................................................20

4.1 Findings...................................................................................................20
4.2 Discussion................................................................................................21

ix
 x

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION......................................48

5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................48
5.2 Suggestion................................................................................................49

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................50
APPENDICES......................................................................................................51
 LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1 Types of English Word Formation Used in “The Jakarta Post
Newspaper” on December 1, 2019, December 2, 2019, December 3,
2019, December 4, 2019, December 5, 2019........................................21

xi
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

Adj : Adjective
Adv : Adverb
N : Noun
V : Verb

xii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1.1 The Data Sheet of English Word Formation Found in “The Jakarta
Post” Newspaper............................................................................51

xiii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Word formation is creation of a new word. Word formations sometimes

contrasted with semantic change, which is change in a single word’s meaning.

Word formation can also be contrasted with the formation of idiomatic

expression, although word’s can be formed from multi word phrase. In linguistic,

“Morphology is the study of formation and internal organization of word”

(Katamba, 1997:30). Matthews (1991:3) states that, “Morphology is the branch of

linguistics which is concerned with the ‘form of word’ in different uses and

construction). Morphology can be defined as “a branch of linguistics that

concerned with analyzing the structure of word”. In other word, morphology is the

branch of linguistics that studies pattern of word formation and internal

organization, and attempts to formulate the rules of construction of word to know

the knowledge of the speakers of those language. Word formation is creation a

new word, sometimes it changes the word meaning.

One of the English language newspaper in Indonesia is “The Jakarta Post”.

It has an online version that includes new from newspaper. The researcher will

use this newspaper as data source. The target audience for this daily newspaper is

foreigners and educated Indonesian. Although the number of Indonesian reader

from the middle class also continues to increase, many Indonesia people do not

understand the topic and contents of the information contained in the newspaper.

1
 2

Therefore, the researcher tries to analyze the English word formation that are

found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper, the word formation process including

affixation, compounding, conversion, coinage, back-formation, blending,

acronym, and clipping.

The data in this study used five newspaper edition taken from the newspaper

“The Jakarta Post”. The five newspaper were posted on December 1, 2019,

December 2, 2019, December 3, 2019, December 4, 2019, and December 5, 2019.

Why chosen these edition because, there are the new edition when during make

the study and also lot of English word formation. After reading the news contents,

there are some example of English word formation that are found in “The Jakarta

Post”. One of them is HIV/AIDS, HIV stand for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

HIV is type of initialization because, according to Hatch and Brown (1995:210)

the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. AIDS means Acquired

Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is type of acronym because the result as

prounced as a word not list of letters (source: “The Jakarta Post” Newspaper,

December 3, 2019). The other example is return, the process of word formation is

derivation because the word return get affix re become return. Affix - re + verb =

re + turn = return (source: “The Jakarta Post” Newspaper, December 2, 2019).

Based on the background above, this study is going to be conducted to

examine the types of word formation found in “The Jakarta Post” Newspaper.

Furthermore, by knowing the types of word formation and also the process of

word formation itself, it can give knowledge for the reader or other researcher.
 3

1.2 Problem of the Study

Based on the background above, there are two research problems discussed

in this study, they are:

1. What types of word formation are found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper?

2. How is the process of word formation found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper?

1.3 Objective of the Study

In general, the objective of this study is to describe the word formation that

are found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper:

1. To classify and describe the types of word formation in “The Jakarta

Post” newspaper.

2. To know the process of word formation found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper.

1.4 Limitation of the Study

This research, will be focused on finding and analyzing the types of word

formation. The word formation types that will be analyzed are borrowing,

coinage, compounding, initialization, acronym, blending, clipping, back

formation, conversion, inflection, derivation. Besides that, this research also

analyzes how is the process of word formation found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper.
 4

1.5 Significance of the Study

This research is divided into two significances they are theoretical

significance and practical significance.

1.5.1 Theoretical Significance

This research is a part of knowledge development in the field of linguistics.

This is not a new research but the study itself has many roles for language

learners. This study has concern to one matter that is a process. Its method is the

way to understand the process of word formation. Theoretically, this study is

hoped that can improve the abilities and knowledge about English word

formation.

1.5.2 Practical Significance

Practically, this research is expected to give a references to the reader who

wants to do a research about word formation. This research also give a

contribution to the others students who study morphology.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of Related Literature

This research is not the first one which takes word formation cases as the

topic. Previously, there are some researchers that observed word formation too. In

this part, the writer reviews some of them.

The first thesis is by Ariyanti (2019) entitled “A Morphological Analysis of

Suffixes found in Pollyanna Novel by Eleanor H. Porter”. It mainly aimed to find

the kinds of suffixes, the function and the morphological processes of suffixes.

This study used two theories. The first theory is proposed by Katamba (1993)

which was used in analyzing suffixes, function and morphological process of

Inflectional suffixes. Second theory is proposed by Bauer (1983) which was used

in analyzing the function and morphological process of Derivational suffixes. The

data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and presented by table and

descriptively based on the theories adopted in this study. The result of this study

shows that there were two kinds of suffixes. They are: Inflectional and

Derivational Suffixes. The total are 6 kinds of Inflectional suffixes with

percentages 23,0% and 20 kinds of Derivational suffixes with percentages 77,0%.

In Inflectional suffixes there are 6 functions. There are: Plural maker and 3-person

singular present with percentages 22,5%, past tense with percentages 44%, past

participle with percentages 0,9%, Progressive with percentages 30,1%,

5
 6

Comparative with percentages 1,6% and superlative with percentages 0,9%. In

Derivational suffixes there are 4 functions. There are: Verbalizer with percentages

5,3%, Nominalizer wit percentages 13,9%, adjective with percentages 17,7% and

adverbalizer with percentages 63,1%. The differences between this study with the

previous thesis is this previous study just focused to analyze the morphological

suffixes, meanwhile this study focused to analyzed of English word formation.

The similarities is the theory that are used in the previous thesis is same with this

study using theory from Bauer (2004) and Katamba (1993).

The second thesis is by Suciati (2019) entitled “A Morphological Analysis

of Derivational Affixes in the Book Understanding the City Child by Dorothy

Barcley”. This study focused on analyzing the types of derivational morphemes,

the function of those derivational affixes and the morphological process of the

morpheme that is found in the data source. In collecting data, descriptive

qualitative method is applied to elaborate the function of the morpheme and the

morphological process of the data. The data were analyzed based on theory that

proposed by Booij (2005). This study found that there are 2,493 data consist of

1,189 (44,7%) derivational nouns, -which are bi-, dis-, mid-, over-, re-, super-,

-ability, -ance, -ence, -er. –hood, -ian, -ibility, -ing, -ion, -ism, -ist, -ity, -mate,

-ment, -ness, -or, -ship, -work. 1059 data (42,5%) of derivational adjective, which

consist of a-, all-, dis-, in-, inter-, ir-, over-, un-, -able, -al, -ent, -er, -est, -ful,,

-ible, -ic, -ing, -less, -ly, -ous. Thirdly this study found 51 data (2%) of

derivational verb that consist of over- and re-. the last is derivational adverb which

found 194 data with data percentages (7,8%) that includes one suffixes that is un-
 7

and –ly. This study concludes that derivational noun is the most data occurrence

in this analysis. The differences between this present study with the previous

thesis is this previous study just focused to analyze the derivational affixes,

meanwhile this present study focused to analyzed English word formation. The

similarities is also discussed about morphological process.

The third thesis is by Rustamaji (2015) entitled “Process of English Word

Formation in Advertisement Boards in Kendal Regency”. This research based on

a study which attempts to find English advertisement boards, analyzed the types

of English word formation process used in the English advertisement boards, and

know the types of English word formation process used most often. The data were

taken from English advertisement boards found in Kendal regency. The

observation was conducted in three locations. They are east region, middle region,

and west region of Kendal regency. The qualitative approach and purposive

sampling method were applied im this study. Therefore, description and

interpretation was used. The result of this study shows that there were 113

advertisement boards containing English word found in the three main locations

of Kendal regency. Those data of English advertisement boards were found in

Kaliwungu (72 data), Kendal city (21 data), and Weleri (20 data). From 113 data

of English advertisement, 202 English word were found and 11 kinds of English

word formation process out of 13 types of English word formation were

identified. The data of suppletion and change could not be found. Derivation

process takes 24.7% (50 data); cliticization takes 1.9% (4data); compounding

takes 33.1% (67 data); conversion takes 5.4% (11 data); clipping takes 6.5% (13
 8

data); blending takes 2.4% (5 data); backformation takes 0.5% (1 data); acronym

takes 9.5% (19 data); onomatopoeia takes 0.5% (1 data); inflection takes 9.5% (19

data); and coinage takes 6% (12 data). It can be seen that compounding is the

most used in the advertisement boards in Kendal regency. It is suggested that the

study with the same topic must be conducted with different objects. The

differences between this present study with the previous thesis is the previous

study the data source taken from billboard advertisements in Kendal regency,

meanwhile this study the data source taken from the Jakarta post newspaper. The

similarities in this study is also discussed about English word formation.

2.2 Concepts

This section discusses three major part of concepts, namely word formation,

“The Jakarta Post”, newspaper. They can be explain as follow.

2.2.1 Word Formation

According to Bauer (2004), word formation as the process whereby new

words are coined to denoted new, or newly salient, concepts and secondly a

transposition function. Moreover, Wisniewski (2007) to all processes connected

with changing the form of the word by; for example, affixation, which is a matter

of morphology.
 9

2.2.2 The Jakarta Post

“The Jakarta Post” was started as a collaboration between four Indonesian

media under the urging of information minister Ali Murtopo and politician Jusuf

wanandi. After the first issue was printed on 25 April 1983, it spent several years

with minimal advertisements and increasing circulation. After a change in chief

editors in 1991, it began to take a more vocal pro-democracy point of view. The

paper was one of the few Indonesian English-Language dailies to survive the 1997

Asian Financial Crisis and currently has a circulation of about 40,000.

“The Jakarta Post” also features an online edition and a weekend magazine

supplement called j+. The newspaper is targeted at foreigners and educated

Indonesians, although the middle-class Indonesian readership has increased.

Noted for being a training ground for local and International reporters, The

Jakarta Post has won several awards and been described as being Indonesia

leading English-Language daily. The Jakarta Post is a member of Asia news

Network.

2.2.3 Newspaper

Newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about

current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.

Newspaper can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports,

and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts,

and reviews of local service, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial

cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns.

 10

2.3 Theoretical Framework

This study used theoretical theories of English word formation by some

linguists. These theories are very important for analyzing the data. The main text

book (theoretical books) in this study is proposed by Bauer (2004), and the

supporting text books is by Katamba (1993), Hatch and Brown (1995), Yule

(2010), O’Grady and Guzman (1996).

2.3.1 Word Formation Process

Word formation process also called morphological process is a means by

which new words are produced either by modification of existing words or by

complete innovation, which in turn become a part of the language. According to

Bauer (2004), word formation as the process whereby new word coined to denote

new, or newly salient, concepts and secondly a transposition function. In this

study the process of English word formation will use flat structure, the process of

English word formation using flat structure can be seen from this example:

un- + happy (adj) = unhappy (adj). (Hatch and Brown 1995:285).

The types of English word formation are borrowing, coinage, compounding,

initialization and acronym, blending, clipping, back formation, conversion,

inflection, derivation. They can be explain as follow.

1. Borrowing
 11

Foreign words are always being borrowed from other languages, especially

to accompany new ideas, inventions, products, and so on (Yule 2010:54). For

example, the word “yogurt” derived from Turkish, “croissant” derived from

French. In order cases, word that is borrowed may change in its writing or

pronunciation, as seen in the word “democracy”, which derives from Greek,

democratos.

2. Coinage

Coinage is words may also be created without using any of the methods

described above and without employing any other word or word parts already in

existence. O’Grady and Guzman (1996:160) state that ‘coinage’ or ‘manufacture’

is a new word created from names. It is common in case where industry needs a

name of product. Such brand names as Xerox, Kodak, linux, were made up

without reference any other word. The most famous example of coinage is the

word Google which means “to use internet to find out the information”.

3. Compounding

According to O’Grady and Guzman (1996:151) compounding is the

combination of lexical categories (noun, verb, adjective, or preposition). There are

three categories of compounding words, they are:

a. Noun Compound is two words or more combined to create a noun

compound.

E.g.: postcard, greenhouse.

 12

b. Verb Compound is two words or more combined to create a verb

compound.

E.g.: spoon-feed, overlook.

c. Adjective Compound is two words or more combined to create an

adjective compound.

E.g.: nationwide, red-hot.

4. Initialization and Acronym

Initialization is another reduction process where each letter on the word is

pronounced (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210). The examples are LA for Los Angeles,

Us for United State. Meanwhile, acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too,

but the result is pronounced as a word, not as list of letters (Hatch and Brown,

1995:210), for example: ASAP (As Soon as Possible) is kind of acronym because

pronounced as a word, not a list of letters.

5. Blending

Blending is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the beginning

of the word and the end of another (Yule 2010:55). Well known examples of

blends include:

a. Brunch from breakfast and lunch

b. Smog from smoke and fog

c. Gasohol from gasoline and alcohol

d. Motel from motor and hotel

 13

6. Clipping

Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or

more syllables (O’Grady and Guzman, 1996:157). For Example:

a. Website becomes web

b. Television becomes tv

c. Fabulous becomes fab

d. Gasoline becomes gas

We may shorten longer terms and then form new words. People usually us

the longer term if the situation is more formal and the shorter term if the situation

is more formal. However, the new term may entirely replace the longer original

word but it does not change the word class and the meaning of the word itself.

There are two kinds of clipping, there are Back lipped words and fore clipped

words. The example of back lipped words are:

a. Examination becomes exam

b. Taximeter becomes taxi

On the other hand, the example of fore clipped words are:

a. Airplane becomes plane

b. Telephone becomes phone

7. Back formation
 14

Back formation is a process that creates new word by removing a real or

supposed affix from another word in language (O’Grady and Guzman, 1996:158).

For example:

a. Regulation (noun) becomes regulate (verb)

b. Demonstration (noun) becomes demonstrate (verb)

c. Entertainment (noun) becomes entertain (verb)

From the examples above we may conclude that back formation process changes

the word class and the meaning of the word itself.

8. Conversion

Conversion is a process that assigns an already existing word to a new

syntactic category. Even though it does not add an affix, conversion resembles

derivation because of the change in category and the meaning that it brings about.

For the reason, it is sometimes called zero derivation (O’Grady and Guzman,

1996:157). There are several types of conversion:

a. Verb that comes from noun, example: ‘nail the door shut!’

b. Verb that comes from adjective, example: ‘dry the clothes!’

c. Verb that comes from preposition, example: to out gay bishops

d. Noun that comes from verb, example: a permit, a report

9. Inflection
 15

Inflection is a word formation by adding affixes so that it can create a new

form without changing the word class or meaning (Hatch and Brown, 1995:285).

There are some kinds of inflections:

a. Regular plural, e.g.:

Noun + suffix – s = key + s = keys

b. Irregular plural, e.g.:

Child = children

c. Zero plural morpheme, e.g.:

Deer (singular) = deer (plural), sheep (singular) = sheep (plural)

10. Derivation

Derivation is the morphological process that the result in the formation of

new lexemes (Bauer, 1983:27). The change of category can result in the change of

noun into verb, noun into adjective, and so on by adding the affixes. Example of

derivation process as below:

a. Noun to Adjective: boy + ish (boyish)

b. Verb to Noun: sing + er (singer)

c. Adjective to Adverb: happy +ly (happily)

d. Noun to Verb: vaccine + ate (vaccinate)

 16

2.3.2 Morpheme

Word and morpheme are important units in studying morphology. A

morpheme is the minimal linguistics unit which has a meaning or a grammatical

function (Katamba, 1994:41). In order words, many words are themselves

morpheme, for example the word of cool and fresh, they could not be broken

down into smaller units that in themselves carry meaning. Word are usually the

easiest units to identify in the written language. In written language, words are not

the smallest unit meaning. Many words are made of smaller units of meaning, and

these unit are combined in particular a way, forming words. Words that have only

one morpheme are also called monomorphic words, e.g. rabbit, sit, cat, etc. Words

with more than one morpheme are called polymorphic words, e.g. supernaturally

(super + natural + -ly).

Morpheme can be divisible into two types. There are free morpheme and

bound morpheme. Free morpheme is morpheme that can stand itself as a single

word. Its means that it can stand independently for example, the word table, cat,

water, can stand freely or independently. The free morphemes can generally be

identified as the set of separate English word forms, such as basic nouns,

adjective, verbs, etc. (Yule 2010:68). Whereas, bound morpheme is morpheme

that can’t normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form (free

morpheme) for instance the morphemes, re-, -ist, -ed, -s, un-, -al. these forms are

called as affixes. Affixes consist of two kinds, namely prefixes and suffixes. In

English, all affixes are bound morpheme (Yule 2010:68).

 17

2.3.3 Root, Stem, and Base

A root, stem, and base are the terms used in linguistics. A root is a form

which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional

morphology. A stem is a form that concerns only when it is dealing with

inflectional morphology. A base is any forms to which any kinds of affixes could

be added (Bauer, 1983:20-21).

For example, word drive is a root as there is no affix attached to it. If suffix

–s is attached to it to indicate that the subject is third person singular in the simple

present tense, the word drive is called a stem or base. If the word drive is attached

by suffix –er and becomes driver, the word called base.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Data Source

The data in this study was taken from the online version of The Jakarta Post

newspaper, the researcher got the online newspaper from the official website of

The Jakarta Post that is thejakartapost.com. The researcher used five newspaper

edition as data source which were posted on December 1, 2019, December 2,

2019, December 3, 2019, December 4, 2019, December 5, 2019. Why chosen this

edition because, there are the new edition when during make the study and also lot

of English word formation.

3.2 Data Collection

The data of this study ware analyzed using the documentation method which

means that the data were taken from the written texts related to word formation.

The step of collecting data, first, searching the data source on the online version of

The Jakarta Post newspaper. Second, reading and underlining the data especially

for the words those contained English word formation. Finally, identifying and

classifying the data based on the kinds of English word formation.

3.3 Data Analysis

The data of this study were analyzed us ing the qualitative method

which means that the information is frequently related to words. The first

18
 19

problem was analyzed by using the theory from Bauer (2004) to know the

types of English word formation. The second problem was analyzed by

using the theory from Hatch and Brown (1995:285) to explain the process

of English word formation using flat structure. This study used flat

structure because the process is elaborated simply and the result can be

seen immediately.

3.4 Finding Presentation

The findings of this study ware presented by using formal and informal

method. There are two kinds of methods for presenting the result data analysis,

namely formal and informal method. The formal method means the presentation is

done by the formulation using signs and symbol. The formal method is used to

put the number percentage of English word formation in the table, and to know

what types that are found in The Jakarta post newspaper. While, presentation of

the results of data analysis with informal methods is done by formulating in

ordinary words. It means that informal method in this research is used to

explaining the process of English word formation that found in the data.
20
 CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter consists of finding and discussion. The data in this research are

taken from English word formation which were found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper. All of the obtained data were presented in details in this chapter. The

analysis of the utterances is based on the problem in chapter 1.

4.1 Findings

In the finding, the selected data are taken from the online version of The

Jakarta Post newspaper. After conducting an observation through the five news

editions in The Jak arta Post newspaper. The researcher found 7 data in first

edition on December 1st, 2019, 7 data in the second edition on December 2nd,

2019, 5 data in the third edition on December 3 rd, 2019, 9 data in fourth edition on

December 4th, 2019, and 7 data in the fifth edition on December 5 th, 2019. Those

can be described in the table below.

21
 22

Table 4.1 Types of English Word Formation Used in “The Jakarta Post
Newspaper” on December 1, 2019, December 2, 2019, December 3, 2019,
December 4, 2019, December 5, 2019
No. Types of English Word The Number of Percentage
Formation Sample
1 Borrowing 1 2,8%
2 Compounding 7 20%
3 Initialization and Acronym 12 34,3%
4 Blending 1 2,8%
5 Clipping 2 5,7%
6 Inflection 6 17,2%
7 Derivation 6 17,2%
Total 35 100%

The percentage of word formation process found in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper was calculate. It was done by the following format calculation.

There are 35 (100%) term that are found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper.

there are eight types of English word formation process which exist in The Jakarta

Post newspaper. There are borrowing, compounding, initialization and acronym,

blending, clipping, inflection, derivation. Based on the finding there are 35 terms

that are found in five edition in The Jakarta Post newspaper with percentage

borrowing 1 (2, 8%), compounding 7 (20%), initialization and acronym 12 (34,

3%), blending 1 (2, 8%), clipping 2 (5, 7%), inflection 6 (17, 2%), derivation 6

(17, 2%). Thus, the most frequently process of word formation that are found in

this study are initialization and acronym with 12 (34, 3%).

4.2 Discussion

The data of this study were analyzed by using the qualitative method which

means that the information is frequently related to words. The first problem is
 23

analyzed by using theory from Bauer (2004) to categorize the data into several

kinds of English word formation. The second problem is analyzed by using theory

proposed by Hatch and Brown (1995) it is demonstrated by flat structure to

analyze the morphological process of the English word formation. In explaining

the data there were only 35 that were analyze. The analysis result of those data

were elaborated and explained clearly below.

1. Borrowing

Foreign words are always being borrowed from other languages, especially

to accompany new ideas, inventions, products, and so on (Yule 2010:54). In this

study, it was found 1 (2, 8%) total data that contained borrowing word from

overall 35 data. The data were analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 1

“Concern for democracy overshadow global Bali forum” the data was

found in edition December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used borrowing which is signed

in bold and underline. The word “democracy” derives from Greek “democratos”

which was coined from demos (people) and kratos (rule) in the middle of the 5th

century to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city states,

notably Athens. The flat structure of English word formation process of the word

“democracy” can be seen below.

Flat structure: Democratos (n)  Democracy (n)

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2. Compounding

According to O’Grady and Guzman (1996:151) compounding is the

combination of lexical categories (noun, verb, adjective, or preposition). In this

study, it was found 7 (20 %) total data that contained compounding word from

overall 35 data. The data were analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 2

“Most companies not protected against cybercrime.” The data was found in

edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underline. The word “cybercrime” is formed by grouping two words

‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. The word ‘cyber’ belongs to adjective and word ‘crime’

belong to noun. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to

word class noun. The word ‘cyber’ means relation to or characteristic of

information technology, virtual reality, and computers and ‘crime’ has meaning a

crime is any act or omission that violates a law which result in a punishment.

Thus, ‘cybercrime’ has meaning any criminal activity that involves a computer,

networked device or a network. From its meaning, it refers to criminal activity in

the social media. The flat structure of English word formation process of the word

“cybercrime” can be seen below.

Flat structure: cyber (adj) + crime (n)  cybercrime (n)

 25

Data 3

“Samoa in Christmas lockdown as measles deaths top 50.” The data was

found in edition December 3rd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘lockdown’ is formed by grouping two word

‘lock’ and ‘down’. Word ‘lock’ belong to noun and word ‘down’ belong to adverb.

The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to word class noun.

The word ‘lock’ has meaning a mechanism for keeping a door and word ‘down’

has meaning toward or in a lower place or position, especially to or on the ground

or another surface. Thus, ‘lockdown’ has meaning the confinement of prisoners to

their cells for all or most of the day as temporary security measure. From its

meaning, it refers to someone in the cells who did a criminal. The flat structure of

English word formation process of the word “lockdown” can be seen below.

Flat Structure: lock (n) + down (adv)  lockdown (n)

Data 4

“Depok declares emergency over hepatitis an outbreak”. The data was

found in edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘outbreak’ formed by grouping to word ‘out’

and ‘break’. The word ‘out’ belong to adverb and the word ‘break’ belong to

verb. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to word class

noun. Word ‘out’ has meaning moving or appearing to move away from a
 26

particular place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden and word ‘break’ has a

meaning separate or cause to separate into pieces as a result of a blow, shock, or

strain. Thus, ‘outbreak’ has a meaning the sudden or violent start of something

unwelcome, such us war, disease, etc. From its meaning, it refers to virus that

make body is not good well. The flat structure of English word formation process

of the word “outbreak” can be seen below.

Flat structure: out (adv) + break (v)  outbreak (v)

Data 5

“Concern for democracy overshadow global Bali forum” the data was

found in edition December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘overshadow’ formed by grouping two word

‘over’ and ‘shadow’. The word ‘over’ belong to adverb and the word ‘shadow’

belong to noun. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to

word class verb. The word ‘over’ has a meaning beyond and hanging or falling

from a point and the word ‘shadow’ has a meaning a dark area or shape produced

by a body coming between rays of light and a surface. Thus, ‘overshadow’ has a

meaning appear much more prominent or important then. From its meaning, it

refers to seem less important or impressive when compared to something. The flat

structure of English word formation process of the word “overshadow” can be

seen below.

Flat structure: over (adv) + shadow (n)  overshadow (v)

 27

Data 6

“People with HIV in Indonesia face rampant workplace discrimination” the

data was found in edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘workplace’ formed by grouping two word

‘work’ and ‘place’. The word ‘work’ belong to noun and the word ‘place’ belong

to noun. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to word

class noun. The word ‘work’ has a meaning activity involving mental or physical

effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result and the word ‘place’ has a

meaning a particular position or point in space. Thus, ‘workplace’ has a meaning

a place where people work, such as an office or factory. From its meaning, it

refers to a location where someone works for his or her employer. The flat

structure of English word formation process of the word “workplace” can be seen

below.

Flat structure: work (n) + place (n)  workplace (n)

Data 7

“Indonesia and all Southeast Asia should heed the music of connection” the

data was found in edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘southeast’ formed by grouping two word

‘south’ and ‘east’. The word ‘south’ belong to noun and the word ‘east’ belong to

noun. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to word class
 28

noun. The word ‘south’ has a meaning the southern part of the world or of a

specified country, region, or town and the word ‘east’ has a meaning the eastern

part of the world or of a specified country, region, or town. Thus, ‘southeast’ has

a meaning the southeastern part of a country, region, or town. From its meaning, it

refers to a compass point. The flat structure of English word formation process of

the word “southeast” can be seen below.

Flat structure: south (n) + east (n)  southeast (n)

Data 8

“Sea Games: RI women’s badminton team set for semis showdown with

Singapore” the data was found in edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used compounding which signed

in bold and underlined. The word ‘showdown’ formed by grouping two word

‘show’ and ‘down’. The word ‘show’ belong to verb and the word ‘down’ belong

to adverb. The result of grouping these words is a new word and belongs to word

class noun. The word ‘show’ has a meaning be, allow, or cause to be visible and

the word ‘down’ has a meaning toward or in a lower place or position, especially

to or on the ground or another surface. Thus, ‘showdown’ has a meaning a final

test or confrontation intended to settle a dispute. From its meaning, it refers to the

placing on the table to determine the winner of a pot. The flat structure of English

word formation process of the word “showdown” can be seen below.

Flat structure: show (v) + down (adj)  showdown (n)

 29

3. Initialization and Acronym

Initialization is another reduction process where each letter on the word is

pronounced. Meanwhile, acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too, but the

result is pronounced as a word, not as list of letters (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210).

In this study, it was found 12 (34, 3%) total data that contained initialization and

acronym word from overall 35 data. The data were analyzed and elaborated as

follow:

Data 9

“The 30th edition 2019 SEA Games nearby official commenced” the data

was found in edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘SEA’ categorized as acronym, as

it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of letters. ‘SEA’ is an abbreviation for

“South East Asian”. According to (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) acronym is a

word made up abbreviation, too, but the result is pronounced as a word, not as list

of letters. The word ‘SEA’ refers to location or consisting of the region that are

geographically. The morphological process of English word formation process of

the word ‘SEA’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: South East Asian  SEA

 30

Data 10

“Sultan Hassan Bolkiah of Brunei Darussalam at the VVIP line” the data

was found in edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘VVIP’ categorized as

initialization, as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The

word ‘VVIP’ is an abbreviation for “Very Very Important Person”. According to

(Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another reduction process where

each letter on the word is pronounced. The word ‘VVIP’ refers to the person how

is accorded special privileges due to their status or importance. The morphological

process of English word formation process of the word ‘VVIP’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Very Very Important Person  VVIP

Data 11

“US, Germany to share NATO budget burden” the data was found in

December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘NATO’ categorized as acronym,

as it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of letters. The word ‘NATO’ is an

abbreviation for “North Atlantic Treaty Organization”. According to (Hatch and

Brown, 1995:210) acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too, but the result is

pronounced as a word, not as list of letters. The word ‘NATO’ refers to

 31

international organization which consist of USA, Canada, Britain, and other

European countries, all of whom have agreed to support one another if they are

attacked. The morphological process of English word formation process of the

word ‘NATO’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: North Atlantic Treaty Organization  NATO

Data 12

“Indonesian needs grand change to mitigate HIV/AIDS: Activism” the

data was found in edition December 3rd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘HIV’ categorized as initialization,

as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. Meanwhile the word

‘AIDS’ categorized as acronym, as it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of

letters. The word ‘HIV’ is an abbreviation for “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”

and the word ‘AIDS’ is an abbreviation for “Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome”. According to (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another

reduction process where each letter on the word is pronounced. Meanwhile,

acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too, but the result is pronounced as a

word, not as list of letters. The word ‘HIV/AIDS’ refers to virus that attacks cells

that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other

infections and diseases. The morphological process of English word formation

process of the word ‘HIV’ and ‘AIDS’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Human Immunodeficiency Virus  HIV

 32

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)  AIDS

Data 13

“Indonesian LGBT community pains hope on youth for better, more

tolerant feature” the data was found in edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘LGBT’ categorized as

initialization, as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The

word ‘LGBT’ is an abbreviation for “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender”.

According to (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another reduction

process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The word ‘LGBT’ refers to

sexual orientation. The morphological process of English word formation process

of the word ‘LGBT’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender  LGBT

Data 14

“Vietnam to champions cohesive ASEAN” the data was found in edition

December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘ASEAN’ categorized as acronym,

as it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of letters. The word ‘ASEAN’ is an

abbreviation for “Association of Southeast Asian Nation”. According to (Hatch

and Brown, 1995:210) acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too, but the
 33

result is pronounced as a word, not as list of letters. The word ‘ASEAN’ refers to

organization of 10 countries in Southeast Asian and Pacific Rim countries whose

governments collaborate to promote socio-cultural, economic, and political

advancement in the region. The morphological process of English word formation

process of the word ‘ASEAN’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Association South East Asian  ASEAN

Data 15

“Palembang tradition seeks UNESCO recognition” the data was found in

edition December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘UNESCO’ categorized as

acronym, as it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of letters. The word

‘UNESCO’ is an abbreviation for “United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization”. According to (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) acronym is a

word made up abbreviation, too, but the result is pronounced as a word, not as list

of letters. The word ‘UNESCO’ refers to agency of the United Nations charged

with instituting and administering programs for cooperative, coordinated action by

member states in education, science, and the arts. The morphological process of

English word formation process of the word ‘UNESCO’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural

Organization  UNESCO
 34

Data 16

“US economy grew faster in Q3, but trade woes continue” the data was

found in edition December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘US’ categorized as initialization,

as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The word ‘US’ is an

abbreviation for “United States”. According to (Hatch and Brown, 1995:210)

initialization is another reduction process where each letter on the word is

pronounced. The word ‘US’ refers to citizens as Americans, a term deriving from

the United States of America, the country's official name. The morphological

process of English word formation process of the word ‘US’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: United States  US

Data 17

“Hamilton eyes victory in UEA zone” the data was found in edition

December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘UEA’ categorized as

initialization, as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The

word ‘UEA’ is an abbreviation for “Uni Emirat Arab”. According to (Hatch and

Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another reduction process where each letter on

the word is pronounced. The word ‘UEA’ refers to a federation of seven emirates
 35

rich in petroleum. The seven emirates are: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah,

Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain, UAE is the place for the highest

building in the world. The morphological process of English word formation

process of the word ‘UEA’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Uni Emirat Arab  UEA

Data 18

“Return to IMO poses challenges, opportunities for Indonesian” the data

was found in edition December 3rd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘IMO’ as categorized acronym, as

it spelled as a word instead of spelled each of letters. The word ‘IMO’ is an

abbreviation for “International Maritime Organization”. According to (Hatch and

Brown, 1995:210) acronym is a word made up abbreviation, too, but the result is

pronounced as a word, not as list of letters. The word ‘IMO’ refers to specialized

agency of the United Nations that is responsible for measures to improve the

safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from

ships. The morphological process of English word formation process of the word

‘IMO’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: International Maritime Organization  IMO

 36

Data 19

“PLN to boost geothermal power on Flores” the data was found in edition

December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘PLN’ categorized as

initialization, as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The

word ‘PLN’ is an abbreviation for “Perusahaan Listrik Negara”. ”. According to

(Hatch and Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another reduction process where

each letter on the word is pronounced. The word ‘PLN’ refers to Indonesian

government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electricity distribution

in Indonesia and generates the majority of the country's electrical power. The

morphological process of English word formation process of the word ‘PLN’ can

be seen below.

Morphological process: Perusahaan Listrik Negara  PLN

Data 20

“Government mulls plan to expend MRT to South Tanggerang” the data

was found in edition December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used initialization or acronym

which signed in bold and underlined. The word ‘MRT’ categorized as

initialization, as the process where each letter on the word is pronounced. The

word ‘MRT’ is an abbreviation for “Mas Rapid Transit”. According to (Hatch and
 37

Brown, 1995:210) initialization is another reduction process where each letter on

the word is pronounced. The word ‘MRT’ refers to the company that runs business

in the management of urban public railway modes and infrastructure, covering

infrastructure. The morphological process of English word formation process of

the word ‘MRT’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Mas Rapid Transit  MRT

4. Blending

Blending is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the beginning

of the word and the end of another (Yule 2010:55). In this study found 1 (2, 8%)

total datum that contained blending word from overall 35 data. The data were

analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 21

“The internet has allowed for the creation of thousands of new ways to

give, both time and money” the data was found in edition December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used blending which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘internet’ categorized as blending, according to

Yule (2010) blending is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the

beginning of the word and the end of another. The word ‘internet’ derived from

inter- + net-. The combination of the short terms of international + network

produce a new single word as ‘internet’. The reduction happened to the word

international by removing one syllable and the only term used in the combination
 38

is inter-, the word international categorized as adjective. Therefore the reduction

happened to the word network by removing one syllable and the only term used in

the combination is net-, the word network categorized as noun. The word

‘internet’ refers to the global communication network that allows computers

around the world to connect and share information. The morphological process of

English word formation process of the word ‘internet’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Internet (n)  International (adj) + Network (n)

5. Clipping

Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or

more syllables (O’Grady and Guzman, 1996:157). In this study found 2 (5, 7%)

total datum that contained clipping word from overall 35 data. The data were

analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 22

“Driver taxi online trying to keep comfort for passengers” the data was

found in edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used clipping which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘taxi’ categorized as clipping, according to

O’Grady and Guzman (1996) clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic

word by deleting one or more syllables. The word ‘taxi’ comes from the word

‘taximeter’ which cut some of syllable and created the new form of ‘taxi’ but it

does not change the meaning of the original. This term is used to simplify the
 39

word and did not change the meaning of the original word. The word ‘taxi’

categorized as verb, and it refers to a car with driver who you pay to take you

somewhere. The morphological process of English word formation process of the

word ‘taxi’ can be seen below.

Morphological process: Taxi  Taximeter

Data 23

“It looks like something out of a horror movie” the data was found in

edition December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used clipping which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘movie’ categorized as clipping, according to

O’Grady and Guzman (1996) clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic

word by deleting one or more syllables. The word ‘movie’ comes from the word

‘moving picture’ which cut some syllable and create the new form of ‘movie’ but

it does not change the meaning of the original. This term is used to simplify the

word and did not change the meaning of the original word. The word ‘movie’

categorized as noun, and it refers to a story or event recorder by a camera as a set

of moving images and shown in a theater or on television. The morphological

process of English word formation process of the word ‘movie’ can be seen

below.

Morphological process: Movie  Moving + Picture

6. Inflection
 40

Inflection is a word formation by adding affixes so that it can create a new

form without changing the word class or meaning (Hatch and Brown, 1995:285).

In this study found 6 (17, 2%) total datum that contained inflection word from

overall 35 data. The data were analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 24

“West, central Java lead efforts to lure investors” the data was found in

edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘investors’ derived by morphological process

twice, those are from verb of the morpheme ‘invest’ into noun and it became

‘investor’ because it used suffix –ior, and from noun of the base ‘investor’ into

noun plural and it became ‘investors’ because it used suffix –s. The morpheme

‘invest’ means expend money with the expectation of achieving a profit or

material result by putting it into financial schemes, shares, or property, or by using

it to develop a commercial venture. However, ‘investor’ means a person or

organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, etc. with the

expectation of achieving a profit. Therefore, ‘investors’ means the noun plural of

investor. In addition, this word has an inflection change due to changes the word

class and the meaning after added suffix –ior and –s. The flat structure of English

word formation process of the word ‘investors’ can be seen below.

 41

Flat structure: Invest (v) + -ior  Investor (n)

Investor (n) + -s  Investors (n) plural

Data 25

“Disable travelers get help for Christmas” the data was found on edition

December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘travelers’ derived by morphological process

twice, those are from verb of the morpheme ‘travel’ into noun and it became

‘traveler’ because it used suffix –er, and from noun of the base ‘traveler’ into

noun plural and it became ‘travelers’ because it used suffix –s. The morpheme

‘travel’ means make a journey, typically of some length or abroad. However,

‘traveler’ means a person who is traveling or who often travels. Therefore,

‘travelers’ means the noun plural of traveler. In addition, this word has an

inflection change due to changes the word class and the meaning after added

suffix –er and –s. The flat structure of English word formation process of the

word ‘travelers’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Travel (v) + -er  Traveler (n)

Traveler (n) + -s  Travelers (n) plural

Data 26

“Monas blast raises questions over national security” the data was found on

edition December 4th, 2019.

 42

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘questions’ derived by morphological process

twice, those are from noun of the morpheme ‘quest’ into noun it became

‘question’ because it used suffix –ion, and from noun of the base ‘question’ into

noun plural and it became ‘questions’ because it used suffix –s. The morpheme

‘quest’ means a long or arduous search for something. However, ‘question’ means

a sentence worded or expressed so as to elicit information. Therefore, ‘questions’

means the noun plural of question. In addition, this word has an inflectional

change due to change in meaning after added suffix –ion and –s. The flat structure

of English word formation process of the word ‘questions’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Quest (n) + -ion  Question (n)

Question (n) + -s  Questions (n) plural

Data 27

“Political parties insist on amending Constitution” the data was found on

edition December 5th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘parties’ is derived from word class of noun with a

base ‘party’ into noun plural ‘parties’ because it used suffix –es. The word ‘party’

means a social gathering of invited guests, typically involving eating, drinking,

and entertainment. However, ‘parties’ means the noun plural of party. Therefore,

this word has an inflection change due to change the meaning after added suffix –
 43

s. The flat structure of English word formation process of the word ‘parties’ can

be seen below.

Flat structure: Party (n) + -es  Parties (n) plural

Data 28

“Medan fines people caught lighting up in smoke-free zones” the data was

found on edition December 2nd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘zones’ derived from word class of noun with a

base ‘zone’ into noun plural and it became ‘zones’ because it used suffix –s. The

morpheme ‘zone’ means an area or stretch of land having a particular

characteristic, purpose, or use, or subject to particular restrictions. However,

‘zone’ means the noun plural of zone. Therefore, this word has an inflection

change due to change the meaning after added suffix –s. The flat structure of

English word formation process of the word ‘zones’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Zone (n) + -s  Zones (n) plural

Data 29

“Banyubiru buffalo farms provide livelihoods, lure tourists” the data was

found on edition December 3rd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used inflection which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘tourists’ derived by morphological process twice,

those are from noun of the morpheme ‘tour’ into noun and it became ‘tourist’
 44

because it used suffix –ist, and from noun of the base ‘tourist’ into noun plural

became ‘tourists’ because it used suffix –s. the morpheme ‘tour’ means a journey

for pleasure in which several different places are visited. However, ‘tourist’

means a person who is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure. Therefore,

‘tourists’ means the noun plural of tourist. In addition, this word has an inflection

change due to change the meaning after added suffix –ist and –s. The flat structure

of English word formation process of the word ‘tourists’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Tour (n) + -ist  Tourist (n)

Tourist (n) + -s  Tourist (n) plural

7. Derivational

Derivation is the morphological process that the result in the formation of

new lexemes (Bauer, 1983:27). The change of category can result in the change of

noun into verb, noun into adjective, and so on by adding the affixes. In this study

found 6 (17, 2%) total datum that contained derivation word from overall 35 data.

The data were analyzed and elaborated as follow:

Data 30

“Why Lion Air must compensate victims immediately” the data was found

on edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘immediately’ is derived from word class of

adjective with a base ‘immediate’ into adverb and it became ‘immediately’

 45

because it used suffix –ly. The word ‘immediate’ means occurring or done at

once; instant. However, ‘immediately’ means at once; instantly. Therefore, this

word has a twice derivation change due to changes the meaning and the word

class after added suffix –ly. The flat structure of English word formation process

of the word ‘immediately’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Immediate (adj) + -ly  immediately (adv)

Data 31

“Public transportation second most dangerous place for woman” the data

was found on edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘dangerous’ is derived from word class of noun

with a base ‘danger’ into adjective and it became ‘dangerous’ because it used

derivational morpheme –ous. The word ‘danger’ has meaning the possibility of

suffering harm or injury. However, the word ‘dangerous’ has meaning able or

likely to cause harm or injury. Therefore, this word has a twice derivational

change due to changes the meaning and word class after added suffix –ous. The

flat structure of English word formation process of the word ‘dangerous’ can be

seen below.

Flat structure: Danger (n) + -ous  Dangerous (adj)

Data 32
 46

“Restructuring plan aims to make SOEs profitable, competitive” the data

was found on edition December 4th, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘restructuring’ derived by morphological process

twice, those are from noun of the morpheme ‘structure’ into verb it became

‘restructure’ because it used affix re-, and from verb of the base ‘restructure’ into

noun and it became ‘restructuring’ because it use suffix -ing. The morpheme

‘structure’ has a meaning the arrangement of and relations between the parts or

elements of something complex. However, ‘restructure’ has a meaning a plan to

strengthen and the restructure the department. Therefore, ‘restructuring’ has a

meaning a reorganization of a company with a view to achieving greater

efficiency and profit, or to adapt to a changing market. In addition, this word has

twice derivational change due to changes the meaning and also the word class

after added suffix –ing and affix re-. The flat structure of English word formation

process of the word ‘restructuring’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Re- + structure (n)  Restructuring (v)

Restructure + -ing  Restructuring (n)

Data 33

“In the Name of Belief: RI embraces indigenous religious education” the

data was found on edition December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘religious’ is derived from word class of noun with
 47

a base ‘religion’ into adjective and it became ‘religious’ because it used suffix –

ous. The word ‘religion’ has a meaning the belief in and worship of a superhuman

controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. However, the word

‘religious’ has a meaning relating to or believing in a religion. Therefore, this

word has twice derivational change due to changes the meaning and also the word

class after added suffix –ous. The flat structure of English word formation process

of the word ‘religious’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Religion (n) + -ous  Religious (ajd)

Data 34

“Author delivers strong massage about artistic” the data was found on

edition December 3rd, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘artistic’ is derived by morphological twice, those

are from noun ‘art’ into noun and it became ‘artist’ because it used suffix –ist,

and from noun ‘artist’ into adjective and it became ‘artistic’ because it used suffix

–ic. The base ‘art’ has a meaning the expression of someone creative skills to

creation something such as painting, music, literature, dance, etc. however, ‘artist’

has a meaning a person who practices any of the various creative arts, such as a

painter, novelist, poet, or dancer. Therefore, ‘artistic’ has a meaning relating to or

characteristic of art or artistry. In addition, this word has twice derivational

change due to changes the word class and also the meaning after added suffix –ist
 48

and –ic. The flat structure of English word formation process of the word ‘artistic’

can be seen below.

Flat structure: Art (n) + -ist  Artist (n)

Artist (n) + -ic  Artistic (adj)

Data 35

“Protection of property rights leads to economic growth” the data was

found on edition December 1st, 2019.

The sentence above contained a word that used derivation which signed in

bold and underlined. The word ‘protection’ is derived from word class verb with a

base ‘protect’ into noun and it became ‘protection’ because it used suffix –ion.

The word ‘protect’ has a meaning keep safe from harm or injury. However, the

word ‘protection’ has a meaning the action of protecting, or the state of being

protected. Therefore, this word has twice derivational change due to changes the

word class and also the meaning after added suffix –ion. The flat structure of

English word formation process of the word ‘protection’ can be seen below.

Flat structure: Protect (v) + -ion  Protection (n)

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter present about outcome of this study in the term of conclusion

and suggestion. The conclusion present the result of this study contained in the

previous chapter. The suggestion belongs to the next researchers who are

interested to do the similar study.

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the analysis from the previous discussion, it can be concluded that

are ten types of English word formation process including borrowing, coinage,

compounding, initialization and acronym, blending, clipping, back formation,

conversion, inflection, derivation. The English word formation used to create

word found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper are seven types. There are 35 data

that are found in “The Jakarta Post newspaper. Those 35 data consist of borrowing

with 1 (2, 8%) data, compounding with 7 (20%) data, initialization and acronym

with 12 (34, 3%) data, blending with 1 (2, 8%) data, clipping with 2 (5, 7%) data,

inflection with 6 (17, 2%) data, derivation with 6 (17, 2 %) data.

As the result initialization and acronym is the mostly used in “The Jakarta

Post” newspaper which has 12 (34, 3%) data from 35 data from five edition. It is

followed by compounding that has 7 (20%) data from 35 data as well as

borrowing and blending as the least each only has 1 datum (2, 8%) from 35 data.

49
 50

The word those used initialization and acronym which has 12 (34, 3%) data

from 35 data in this study are the most commonly used in “The Jakarta Post”

newspaper as data source. Therefore, the data initialization and acronym more

prominent than other data. The result of this study might different from other

studies because depend on the data source that used and the amount of data that

found.

5.2 Suggestion

According to the result of this study, there are some suggestions for other

researchers who are researching with the similar topic, especially in English word

formation. English word formation always occur or can be found through some

source, either written or spoken. Other studies that related with this study can be

discussed since English word formation everywhere. Therefore, the edition in

“The Jakarta Post” newspaper can be used as one of the references to find out

more about the use of English word formation.

This study is far away from being perfect due to the limited knowledge that

the research has. Thus, the suggestions and constructive criticisms from the

readers are expected to make this study better. Hopefully this study can give clear

explanation and understanding in analyzing the similar study about English word

formation in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper or the other source.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonym. 2019. The Jakarta Post Published on December 1, 2019, from

http://www.thejakartapost.com/about

Anonym. 2019. The Jakarta Post Published on December 2, 2019, from

http://www.thejakartapost.com/about

Anonym. 2019. The Jakarta Post Published on December 3, 2019, from

http://www.thejakartapost.com/about

Anonym. 2019. The Jakarta Post Published on December 4, 2019, from

http://www.thejakartapost.com/about

Anonym. 2019. The Jakarta Post Published on December 5, 2019, from

http://www.thejakartapost.com/about

Ariyanti, N. L. 2019. A Morphological Analysis of Suffixes found in Pollyanna

Novel by Eleanor H. Porter. University of Mahasaraswati (UNMAS).

Bauer, L. 2004. English Word-Formation. London: Book Depository

International.

Hatch and Brown. 1995. Vocabulary Semantic and Language Education.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Katamba, F. 1993. Morphology. London: Palgrave.

Matthews, P.H. 1996. Morphology. 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

O’Grady and Guzman. 1996. Morphology: The Analysis of Word Stucture, in

Contemporary Linguistic : An Introduction. William Kingdom:
Longman.

Rustamaji, E. 2015. Process of English Word Formation in Advertisement

Boards in Kendal Regency. Semarang State University.

Suciati, G. A. P. 2019. A Morphological Analysis of Derivational Affixes in

the Book Understanding the City Child by Dorothy Barcley. University
of Mahasaraswati (UNMAS).

Yulle, G. 2010. The Study of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University

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 APPENDICES

Appendix 1.1 The Data Sheet of English Word Formation Found in “The
Jakarta Post” Newspaper

No Types of English Word Formation Word Total

1 Borrowing Democracy 1

2 Compounding Lockdown, Outbreak, Overshadow, 7

Workplace, Southeast, Showdown
3 Initialization and Acronym SEA, VVIP, NATO, HIV/AIDS, 12
LGBT, ASEAN, UNESCO, US,
UEA, IMO, PLN, MRT
4 Blending Internet 1

5 Clipping Taxi, Movie 2

6 Inflection Investors, Travelers, Questions, 6
Parties, Zones, Tourists
7 Derivation Immediately, Dangerous, 6
Restructuring, Religious, Artistic,
Protection
TOTAL 35

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