Std.

9th
Subject: History
Ch. 5 – India and other countries
Textual answers

Q.1.
1. Nepal 2. Pakistan and China 3. All of the above

Q.2.
Ans.1. The above statement is true.
Reasons: (1) India’s position in Asia is geographically and politically very
important.
(2) India is geographically the largest country in South Asia.
(3) India has established relations with its neighbors on the basis of values
like equality and mutual respect.
(4) India is economically and most technically (advanced) developed
country in South Asia.
(5) Thus, it is natural that India has a great influence among South Asian
countries.

Ans.2. The above statement is false.

Reasons: (1) There is disagreement about Sino-Indian borders.
(2) There is disagreement on the issues of Tibet.
(3) China invaded India in 1962.
(4) The growing friendship between Pakistan and China is a threat to the
security of India.
(5) India has made many attempts to improve the relations but has not
met with any success.
(6) Thus, these issues have been responsible for the conflict between the
two countries.

Ans.3. The above statement is true.

Reasons: (1) There was political instability in Sri-Lanka after 1985.
(2) The differences between the Sri-Lankan government and the Tamil
population resulted in political instability in Sri-Lanka.
(3) India wanted a peaceful resolution of the differences between the
Tamils and the Sri Lankan government.
(4) so, in order to help the Sri Lankan government, India had sent a
peacekeeping force.
Q.3
Ans:
SN Treatise/Exchanges Countries
1 Shimla Agreement
2 India-China
3 Sharing river waters and shared borders
4 India-Myanmar
5 Civil nuclear agreement
6 India-Maldives
7 Summit conference 2015

Q.4.
Ans.1. Shimla Agreement:
1. Even though the 1971 war was about the creation of Bangladesh, it had
the dimension of the Kashmir problem in it.
2. After the defeat of Pakistan in the Indo-Pak war of 1971, the Shimla
agreement was signed by the Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi
and Zulfikar Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1972.
3. It was agreed that the outstanding issues between India and Pakistan
should be resolved bilaterally.
4. It provided a new format to the interaction between India and Pakistan.

Ans.2. Indo-Nepalese friendship treaty:

1. Nepal is a landlocked country and is provided access to the outside
world by a free international border with India.
2. the foundation of friendship between India and Nepal was led by the
Indo-Nepalese friendship treaty in 1950.
3. According to this treaty, Nepalese citizens can not only enter India, but
they are also permitted to take up government jobs and carry on trade
in India.

Ans.3. McMahon Line:

1. The border dispute between India and China is related to the McMahon
line.
2. China claims that the area south of Aksai chin and McMahon line in
Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory.
3. China is not willing to accept the McMahon line as international border
between India and China.
4. India made several efforts to sort out this dispute by means of dialogue.
5. Does, this has given rise to a border dispute which led to the Chinese
invasion of India in 1962.

Ans.4. Indo-Afghanistan relations:

1. There is a lot of political instability in Afghanistan.
 2. With the return of normalcy in Afghanistan, India has extended help to
bring peace, security and stability, curb violence and establish a
democratic government.
3. India is helping Afghanistan in re-establishing communication facilities,
build roads, schools, health facilities and irrigation projects.
4. India is also extending cooperation in the field of science and
technology.

Q.4.
Ans.1:
1. America has been India's most important trading partner.
2. After the end of the Cold War, military relations between both countries
increased considerably.
3. India adopted a free market economy in 1991 which further
strengthened trade relations.
4. there was tension in relations between the 2 countries because India
conducted nuclear tests in 1998.
5. however, India managed to convince America that it will use nuclear
weapons responsibly.
6. Indo-American relationship was totally transformed and led to
increasing cooperation between India and America.
7. The civil nuclear agreement signed in 2005 and approved by the US
Congress in 2008 was a landmark event in Indo-American relations.

Ans.2:
1. India had helped in the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971.
2. The former East Pakistan had linguistic differences and political conflicts
with West Pakistan.
3. India actively supported the movement which tried to free Bangladesh.
4. Bangladesh willingly accepted democracy under the guidance of
India.
5. India has helped Nepal and Afghanistan in establishing democracy,
peace, security and stability.

Ans.3:
1. South Asian Association for regional cooperation (SAARC) was
established in 1985 by the countries in South Asia.
2. The purpose behind establishing the SAARC was to encourage
Economic Cooperation between the South Asian nations and thereby
achieve the development of the South Asian region.
3. It is a platform for South Asian countries to come together and discuss
common questions and interests which are alleviation of poverty,
development of agriculture and technological revolution.