C3 Revision Booklet Exam Questions Mark Scheme

M1. (a)    number
1

0 allow 8
1

(b)     beryllium or magnesium or strontium or barium or radium

allow correct symbols
1

(c)     (i)      an alkali metal

1

(ii)     a transition metal

1

(d)     for undiscovered elements

accept so elements with similar properties were in the same groups
accept so elements fitted the pattern of properties
1
[6]

M2. (a)      (i)     UI / solution turns blue / purple

allow violet / lilac
1

any two from:

•        floats

•        melts / forms a sphere

•        moves

•        effervescence / fizz / bubbles / gas

•        (yellow) flame

•        reduces in size
2

(ii)     2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

2

(b)                        it = francium

outer electron / shell / energy level must be mentioned once for all 3
marks

biggest atom or (outer) shell / energy level / electron furthest from nucleus or most (number of)
shells
1

least attraction (to nucleus) or most shielding

1

(outer) electron more easily lost / taken

1
 (c)     any two from:

transition elements:

•        high melting point or high boiling point

•        high density

•        strong / hard

•        not very reactive

•        catalysts

•        ions have different charges

•        coloured compounds

Converse applies for group 1 metals

2
[10]

M3.          (a)     all have seven electrons in their outer shell / energy level
1

(b)                must be comparative in all points or converse

chlorine atom is smaller than bromine atom

or
chlorine atom has fewer shells than bromine atom
1

outer shell / energy level of chlorine has stronger (electrostatic) attraction to

the nucleus than bromine

or
outer shell of chlorine is less shielded from the nucleus than bromine
1

so chlorine more readily gains an extra electron

1
[4]

M4.         (a)      (i)     carbon
1

(ii)     calcium
1

(b)     (shake with) soap (solution)

ignore detergent
1

scum
accept less lather with hard water
allow solid / precipitate
correct results with no test score 1
1
 (c)     any two from:

•        good for health / healthier

ignore vitamins

•        stronger bones / teeth

•        less heart disease

2
[6]

M5.          (a)     (i)      on heating, the calcium hydrogencarbonate decomposes

1

forming a scale of insoluble calcium carbonate

1

(ii)     the scale reduces the efficiency of the heating element

or the scale increases energy costs / uses more energy
1

(b)     (i)      the sodium carbonate / carbonate ions react with calcium /
magnesium ions, forming a precipitate of calcium
carbonate / magnesium carbonate
1

therefore the water is softened because this removes the

calcium / magnesium ions, which cause hardness, from
the water
1

(ii)     sodium / hydrogen ions are present in the ion exchange resin
1

therefore the water is softened because these ions take

the place of calcium / magnesium ions that cause
hardness in the water
1
[7]

M6.   two methods and 1 linked explanation or 1 method and two explanations, 1 linked = 3 marks

          no linking of method and explanation then max 2 marks

ignore references to removal of hardness

          method 1:

          filter

          explanation 1:

          remove insoluble substances / remove solids / small bits / dirt / mud/ soil / sand / silt

          method 2:

          precipitate / flocculate / add eg. aluminium

allow other named substances

          explanation 2:

          removes (some) soluble material as solids / removes (some) metal ions
          method 3:

          add chlorine / chlorine dioxide / ozone

          explanation 3:

          sterilise / kill bacteria / microorganisms / microbes

ignore ‘remove bacteria’
ignore disinfect
[3]

M7.          (a)     goes up

1

(b)     (i)      B
1

(ii)     A
1

(iii)    a catalyst
1

activation energy
1

(c)     (i)      eg (ensures) complete reaction

allow spread heat / energy

or even heating
allow mixes properly or mix them together or to get correct
temperature
ignore dissolves
1

(ii)     lid (on beaker)

accept cover beaker

or

insulate (beaker) / use a plastic cup

1
[7]

M8.          (a)     low density;

gives out light energy when burnt;
combustion product is not harmful;
any two for 1 mark each
[2]

M9.          (a)  M1: (bonds broken) = 2148 (kJ)

1

M2: (bonds made) = 2354 (kJ)

1

M3: change in energy

= (-) 206 (kJ) ecf, ignore sign
1
 (b)     energy released from forming new bonds is greater than energy needed to
break existing bonds
allow the energy needed to break bonds is less than the energy
released in forming bonds
do not accept energy needed to form bonds
1
[4]

M10.         (a)      (i)     (bubble gas produced through) limewater

incorrect tests = zero
1

(limewater) goes cloudy / milky

1

(ii)                ignore yes or no

red flame indicates that calcium / lithium ions present

allow aluminium has no flame colour

or

Ca/Mg also produce a (white) precipitate with NaOH

1

the (white) precipitate formed in test 3 or by adding sodium hydroxide

solution would dissolve (in excess) if aluminium ions were present
1

(iii)               ignore yes or no

because a white precipitate is formed in test 4 or by adding acidified silver nitrate

1

but chloride ions are in hydrochloric acid

1

M11.          (a)     must be description of a titration no titration = no marks

          NaOH in burette

do not accept biuret etc
1

          add NaOH until (indicator) changes colour

if specific colour change mentioned, must be correct – colourless
to pink / red or ‘goes pink / red’
do not accept ‘clear’ for colourless
1

          note (burette) volume used or final reading

accept ‘work out the volume’
1

          one other point: eg repeat

accept:
(white) tile or add dropwise / slowly or white background or
swirling / mix or read meniscus at eye level or wash apparatus
1
 (b)     0.054
for 2 marks
(0.1 × 13.5)/25 for 1 mark

(c)     don’t know – insufficient evidence to decide

owtte
any sensible answer

          or

          depends on whether acid level is considered safe or unsafe

          yes, safe – acid level low / weak acids / low compared with stomach acid
owtte
any sensible answer
2

          no, unsafe – acid level (too) high / other substances or bacteria may be
present / insufficient evidence to decide
owtte
any sensible answer
1

M12.(a)     air
1

(b)     recycle
allow re-use
1

(unreacted) nitrogen and hydrogen

allow N2 and H2
1

(c)     N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

allow correct multiples
1

(d)                        allow converse arguments                   ignore references to

compromise

because a higher temperature would reduce (equilibrium) yield

allow higher temperature favours backward reaction
1

because a lower temperature would reduce rate

1

M13. (a)     (i)      increase yield

1

         reaction is exothermic

         or

         allow decreased yield because rate of reaction is slower /

fewer collisions for 2 marks
must get both points for 2 marks
 1

(ii)     increase yield

1

         plus one from:

•        more (gaseous) reactant molecules than (gaseous)

product molecules (owtte)
accept greater volume on the left than the right owtte

•        increased rate of reaction / more collisions

1

M14.          (a)     (i)      7 C-H bonds and 1 C-O-H bond

1

(ii)                ethanol dissolves in water to form a neutral solution

1

(b)     (i)      oxidation

1

(ii)     any one from:

•        in vinegar

•        to make esters

1
[4]

M15.(a)     (i)
allow other arrangements provided connectivity is correct
allow  OH
1

(ii)     oxygen
accept O2
allow O
1

oxidation
allow oxidisation / oxidising / oxidised
allow redox
1

(b)     (i)      ring around  

1
 (ii)     ester(s)
do not allow ether(s)
1

(iii)    propanol
propanol accept propan-1-ol
allow propyl alcohol
1
[6]

M16.          (a)     (i)      CnH2n+1OH

1

(ii)      OH
1

(b)     (i)      ethanol has only covalent bonds in its molecule

1

(ii)     3 (O2)
1

3H2O
1

(c)     (i)      acidic

1

(ii)     an ester
1
[7]