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Problems For Chapter 10

1. This document lists 22 practice problems related to rotational motion and the effects of the Earth's rotation. The problems cover topics like centrifugal acceleration at the equator, motion on a rotating merry-go-round, projectile motion accounting for Earth's rotation, and Coriolis forces. 2. Several problems ask students to calculate things like the lateral deflection of a projectile due to Earth's rotation, the change in range of a projectile, or the angular deviation of an object launched from the North Pole. 3. Other problems involve calculating quantities like the effective gravitational field at different latitudes on Earth, the depression of water at the center of a rotating lake, or the direction and

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LeJohn Hsu
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281 views4 pages

Problems For Chapter 10

1. This document lists 22 practice problems related to rotational motion and the effects of the Earth's rotation. The problems cover topics like centrifugal acceleration at the equator, motion on a rotating merry-go-round, projectile motion accounting for Earth's rotation, and Coriolis forces. 2. Several problems ask students to calculate things like the lateral deflection of a projectile due to Earth's rotation, the change in range of a projectile, or the angular deviation of an object launched from the North Pole. 3. Other problems involve calculating quantities like the effective gravitational field at different latitudes on Earth, the depression of water at the center of a rotating lake, or the direction and

Uploaded by

LeJohn Hsu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems for Chapter 10

Homework Assignment: 6, 8, 9, 12, 15


PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the centrifugal acceleration, due to Earth’s rotation, on a
particle on the surface of Earth at the equator. Compare this result
with the gravitational acceleration. Compute also the centrifugal ac-
celeration due to the motion of Earth about the Sun and justify the
remark made in the text that this acceleration may be neglected com-
pared with the acceleration caused by axial rotation.
2. An automobile drag racer drives a car with acceleration a and instanta-
neous velocity υ. The tires (of radius r0 ) are not slipping. Find which
point on the tire has the greatest acceleration relative to the ground.
What is this acceleration?
3. In Example 10.2, assume that the coefficient of static friction between
the hockey puck and a horizontal rough surface (on the merry-go-round)
is µs . How far away from the center of the merry-go-round can the
hockey puck be placed without sliding?
4. In Example 10.2, for what initial velocity and direction in the rotating
system will the hockey puck appear to be subsequently motionless in
the fixed system? What will be the motion in the rotating system? Let
the initial position be the same as in Example 10.2. You may choose
to do a numerical calculation.
5. Perform a numerical calculation using the parameters in Example 10.2
and Figure 10-4e, but find the initial velocity for which the path of
motion passes back over the initial position in the rotating system. At
what time does the puck exit the merry-go-round?
6. *A bucket of water is set spinning about its symmetry axis. Determine
the shape of the water in the bucket.
7. Determine how much greater the gravitational field strength g is at
the pole than at the equator. Assume a spherical Earth. If the actual
measured difference is ∆g = 52 mm/s, explain the difference. How
might you calculate this difference between the measured result and
your calculation?

1
8. *If a particle is projected vertically upward to a height h above a point
on Earth’s surface at a northern
q latitude λ, show that it strikes the
4 8h3
ground at a point : 3 ω cos λ g to the west. (Neglect air resistance,
and consider only small vertical heights.)

9. *If a projectile is fired due east from a point on the surface of Earth at
a northern latitude λ with a velocity of magnitude V0 and at an angle
of inclination to the horizontal of α, show that the lateral deflection
when the projectile strikes Earth is

4V03
d = 2 ω sin λ sin2 α cos α
g
where ω is the rotation frequency of Earth.

10. In the preceding problem, if the range of the projectile is R00 ; for the
case ω = 0, show that the change of range due to the rotation of Earth
is s
2R003
 
1/2 1 3
∆R = ω cos λ cot α − tan α 2
g 3

11. Obtain an expression for the angular deviation of a particle projected


from the North Pole in a path that lies close to Earth. Is the deviation
significant for a missile that makes a 4, 800 − km flight in 10 minutes?
What is the “miss distance” if the missile is aimed directly at the
target? Is the miss distance greater for a 19, 300 − km flight at the
same velocity?

12. *Show that the small angular deviation  of a plumb line from the true
vertical (i.e., toward the center of Earth) at a point on Earth’s surface
at a latitude λ is
Rω 2 sin λ cos λ
=
g0 − Rω 2 cos2 λ
where R is the radius of Earth. What is the value (in seconds of arc)
of the maximum deviation? Note that the entire denominator in the
answer is actually the effective g, and g0 denotes the pure gravitational
component.

2
13. Refer to Example 10.3 concerning the deflection from the plumb line
of a particle falling in Earth’s gravitational field. Take g to be defined
at ground
p level and use the zeroth order result for the time-of-fall,
T = 2h/g. Perform a calculation in second approximation (i.e., re-
tain terms in ω 2 ) and calculate the southerly deflection. There are
three components to consider: (a) Coriolis force to second order (C1 ),
(b) variation of centrifugal force with height (C2 ), and (c) variation of
gravitational force with height (C3 ). Show that each of these compo-
nents gives a result equal to

h2 2 2
Ci ω ω sin λ cos λ
g

with C1 = 2/3, C2 = 5/6, and C3 = 5/2. The total southerly deflection


is therefore (4h2 ω 2 sin λ cos λ) /g.

14. Refer to Example 10.3 and the previous problem, but drop the particle
at Earth’s surface down a mineshaft to a depth h. Show that in this
case there is no southerly deflection due to the variation of gravity and
that the total southerly deflection is only

3 h2 ω 2
sin λ cos λ
2 g

15. *Consider a particle moving in a potential U (r). Rewrite the La-


grangian in terms of a coordinate system in uniform rotation with re-
spect to an inertial frame. Calculate the Hamiltonian and determine
whether H = E. Is H a constant of the motion? If E is not a con-
stant of motion, why isn’t it? The expression for the Hamiltonian thus
obtained is the standard formula 21 mυ 2 + U plus an additional term.
Show that the extra term is the centrifugal potential energy. Use the
Lagrangian you obtained to reproduce the equations of motion given
in Equation 10.25 (without the second and third terms).

16. Consider Problem 9-63 but include the effects of the Coriolis force on
the probe. The probe is launched at a latitude of 45◦ straight up.
Determine the horizontal deflection in the probe at its maximum height
for each part of Problem 9-63.

3
17. Approximate Lake Superior by a circle of radius 162 km at a latitude
of 47◦ Assume the water is at rest with respect to Earth and find the
depth that the center is depressed with respect to the shore due to the
centrifugal force.

18. A British warship fires a projectile due south near the Falkland Islands
during World War I at latitude 50◦ . If the shells are fired at 37◦ ele-
vation with a speed of 800 m/s, by how much do the shells miss their
target and in what direction? Ignore air resistance.

19. Find the Coriolis force on an automobile of mass 1300 kg driving north
near Fairbanks, Alaska (latitude 65◦ N ) at a speed of 100 km/h.

20. Calculate the effective gravitational field vector g at Earth’s surface at


the poles and the equator. Take account of the difference in the equa-
torial (6378 km) and polar (6357 km) radius as well as the centrifugal
force. How well does the result agree with the difference calculated with
the result g = 9.780356[1 + 0.0052885 sin2 λ − 0.0000059 sin2 (2λ)]m/s2
where λ is the latitude?

21. Water being diverted during a flood in Helsinki, Finland (latitude


60◦ N ) flows along a diversion channel of width 47 m in the south di-
rection at a speed of 3.4 m/s. On which side is the water the highest
(from the standpoint of noninertial systems) and by how much?

22. Shot towers were popular in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
for dropping melted lead down tall towers to form spheres for bullets.
The lead solidified while falling and often landed in water to cool the
lead bullets. Many such shot towers were built in New York State.
Assume a shot tower was constructed at latitude 42◦ N , and the lead
fell a distance of 27 m. In what direction and how far did the lead
bullets land from the direct vertical?

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