Traces of Iran’s Culture in:*

Europe, America, China, India, and Arabia

By: Prof. M.S. Tajar
(Former Lecturer, University of the Philippines)

ABSTRACT:
This article is trying to narrate the “Forgotten Story of the Iranian Civilization” in the world.
That starts from 10,000 years, and it continues to do so, up to the present. In order to avoid
too much details, we will try to limit ourselves to the most important aspects, and with the
most significant cultural parts, that this great country has played, in the world stage, in
general, and more specifically, in Europe, the Americas, China, India, and the Arab Lands.
We will try to study the religious, linguistic, cultural, historical and social influences of
Iran/ancient Persia/ in almost all the major civilizations of the world, with a few examples for
every aspect of civilization, in each land.
Key Words:
Iran, Persia, Europe, the Americas, China, India, Arab Lands
Culture, Civilization, Mithraism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Torah, Bible,
Quran
****
 ” No other nation on earth, has contributed to the human civilization, as much as Iran”
The American- Iranian Philosopher/ Jason Reza Jorjani/ “Iranian
Leviathan”/Amazon book store, 2019.
 ”I actually spend every waking hour of my life, studying this extraordinary country”
Sir John Malcolm/ The British
Ambassador to Iran (d.1900 A.D.)
 ”The golden glow of Rome, blinded us (the Europeans) to the fact that there were more
advanced civilizations around, i.e. The Persian.”
Cristopher Mathew, the British Historian (“The
Daily Mail”/June 12/ 2006/P. 55)
* “The Persian Civilization was ahead of Egypt, by 500 years, of India by 1,000 years, of China
by 2,000 years, of Greece by 3,000 and Rome by 4,ooo years!”(Ref. The well- known American
Orientalist/Iranologist/ Professor Arthur Pope /” Chashm Andaaz Magazine”/Tehran, 1998
p.20)
* The French Orientalist, Professor Calmar of The Sorbonne University, says:
“The Persian Civilization, is the mother of all civilizations!”(Ref. A. H. Saadian, “IRAN: Land and
the People”/p.358)
* “The Greeks and the Romans, later copied the best features of the Persian method of
governing the empire, as did the Arabs, the Mongols and the Turks” (Ref. D. Grassier, “World
History”/ New York, 1970 p.17) * “Islam was
fortunate to have conquered Persia; the energetic Islamic movement got a big boost, by
joining forces with the powerful civilization of Persia”
Dr. Mohammad Iqbal/ philosopher/ national poet of Pakistan “ The Development Of
Metaphysic in Persia.” Munich, Germany, 1907.

* “If we look very closely, we will come to only one conclusion: “Persia is the source of
civilization in the world!” (Hegel, the prominent German
philosopher)Hegel 1857/p.147

* “How I wish, the Persians would keep their Greece colony, and that way, the Europe would
be a better continent now!” (Nietzsche, the German Philosopher of the 19 th century) “Thus
Spoke Zarathustra” 1885/p.113.

*” How Iran Became the Cradle of Civilization” Barbara Hewing/German Archeologic Institute

*”The Iranian Dig opens window on new Civilization” Andrew Lawler, “Science”, 21 May,
2004

*” The first public hospital system in the world, was in Persia” (= Gondi-Shapur/376 A.D.)

--- Cyril Elgood, “A Medical History of Persia”/Amazon Books

***
The Iranian Civilization, with 10,000 years of history (Arata and Jiroft Civilizations), is
considered to be the source of many cultural influences in many other cultures, both near and
far. This civilization is truly universal; since the first Greek philosophers—Hypocrites,
Demosthenes, Democritus and Pythagoras, were all trained in the Persian lands, under the
Persian Majies and with the Zoroastrian philosophy. While the great philosopher, Plato, was
greatly influenced by the Persian thought/= The “Wise Kings”/ the “Republic”/ the Utopia” etc.
(Ref.Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, the American-Iranian philosopher in “Prometheus and Atlas”)
Meanwhile, the Savior of the Jews/ Messiah/Meshach/was none, but Cyrus the Great, the
benevolent king of Persia (Ref. Bible/ Torah/ Isa. 45:1) and the Iranian born Jewish Prophets
like Ezra, Isiaih, Nehemiah, Ezekiel and Daniel, wrote their parts of the Torah, and the 10
Commandments, in the land of Persia. (The tombs of those Jewish Prophets, still exist in Iran,
today)Add to that, the roles of the other Biblical characters, like Esther and Mordechai, and
many other biblical personalities, who were all products of the Iranian Culture. (Ref. Dr.
Zardosht Sotudeh/ lecture/ Internet)/ also: The Edict of Cyrus, in Ezra 1.(OldTestament)
During the birth of Christ, the Three Kings (wise men of the Bible), who were the Persian
astrologers/ the first scientists of the world/ came from Iran. Probably, even Paul the
Pharisee/ Parsee/ who wrote 30% of the Christian Bible, and he created the Christianity that
we know today, originated from the ancient Persia, too. (The Pharisian Jews)
A number of the “Chinese Sages” (Those bearded Chinese, Korean, and Japanese Zen
Gurus!?) also were from the Central Asian parts of Iran/Turkistan. They include the famous
Chinese poets “Doh Fu” (600 A.D.) and Li Bai (701-762). Also we have to remember here the
greatest Chinese Admiral “Ma Ha”/ Zhang Hah (1371-1433 A.D.), a Muslim migrant from the
Central Asia/Iranian Lands. He is believed to have discovered The Americas, long before
Columbus, in 1492.
Then, we have also the Persian Ashkani (Ashknazi?!) Prince- turned-monk “An Shia
go"/
“Ang Xi” (= the foreigner!) He was the first scholar, who introduced the Buddhism into China,
and the rest of the Southeast Asia, circa 148 A. D. (Some Iranologists even believe that
Buddhism was originally an Iranian religion. Look at the Buddha Statue in “BAMIAN”/
Afghanistan/Ancient Iran/, and the “Fasting Buddha” statue in Peshawar museum, in
Pakistan). Ref. Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani/ Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/Lecture/Internet.
In Europe and America, from the Saka people / Sykes/of Saxony in Germany ( Kerman) to
the Anglo- Saxons of England (who built” London”/ Laudon/= stale water!) were all from the
Saka tribes of the Iranian Sakestan/Sajistan/Sistan of today’s Iran. The “Catalans” of Spain are
from the “Goethe- Alans/Goths and Iranians of the Sarmatia people/Sogdian tribes of Central
Asia; they were all from Persia (Iran) too!
The, Croats, the Bosnians, the Albanians, the Slovakians and the Iberians (=The Spanish
and the Portuguese) all trace their backgrounds to the “Caucuses Mountains”/also known as
the “Head of Iran Lands”
Meanwhile, India and Arabia were even closer neighbors of Iran, and thus they are
influenced much more than the rest, as we shall see later.
Now, to explain further about the traces of the Iranian culture, throughout those foreign
lands, here are a few samples, for each one of them, in brief.
A. Europe and America
The European Civilization is basically Aryan (= Iranian) It started from the first partition
of the Caucasians , from the Caucasus region of Iran –Central Asia- Turkey -- Russia- and
moving towards Europe ( = Greece) Asia (=the Greater Iran) and up to India.
1) The Scandinavians/ the Sakes/ Sykes/ of Sakestan/ Sajistan/ Sistan of Iran,
plus the “Saxons” of Germany, the Anglo-Saxons of England, the Celts, the
Irish of “Ireland”(Aryan Land= Iranians!) as well as the “Sasans”/ Saxons/ of
Chechnya(=Sasan-ia!) in the Caucasus, trace their roots to the Iranian tribes.
(Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/ lecture/Internet)
2) In the rest of Caucasus, the Ossetia, Irun, Aran, Azerbaijan, Armenia ( Haistan)
Georgia, Dagestan, Darband, Shrivan, Tallish, etc. for thousands of years, have
been Aryan (=parts of the main land Iran) before the Tsarist Russia Gobbled
them, in 1820s.
3) In Western Europe, the Mithraic temples of the Persian sun god, spread all
over (circa 1, 000 B.C.)
Especially in Rome; and they were known as “ Mithreas” or Mithrium.
A lot of the rituals in the Christian / Catholic/ church are actually adapted from
those Mithraic religious practices; for instance:
a) The imagined birth of Jesus Christ/ December 25/ is actually the birth of the
Persian sun god, Mithra!(Jesus was born in April or March; that’s why the
Bible says that the manger was empty, because the sheep were grazing
grass/ not snow!/and the wise Persian three kings, met the shepherds
outside the city(Ref. The New Testament/ Mathew 2 :1/ also the Discovery
channel / the Birth of Jesus/Nov. 15/2009)

b) The Mithraic head gear of the catholic priests called the “Miter”, as well as
their habits or clothes, the rituals of wine and bread, and many other catholic
practices.
c) The Last Supper, is actually a Mithraic story, and even the number of the 12
disciples, come from the legends of Mithra.

4) The “Catalan” region of Spain was settled by the Goethes (Germans) and the
Alans/Aran/Eran/Iran (the Iranians of the Sarmatia tribes)
5) Two Iranian “Chevaliers” (=Savar/ horse riders) ended up as the saviors, and
later the kings, in the region of Gaul (=Gilan/ jilan ?) which is now France!
Those two champion kings were the Persian father and son, Guar (Gauhar) and
Sang-vand, in 600 A.D. (Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/ Lecture on Persian
history/Paris, 2015)
5) Today, in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Greek, there are more
than 1,000 Avestan words, with much more related ones; that shows the close
interactions between the Aryans of Iran, and the Aryan nations of Europe. Here
are some Persian words used in English. For example:
1/ Pedar for father, 2/ Madar for mother,3/ Baradar for brother,4/ Dokhtar for
daughter, 5/ Behtar for better,6)Behesht for best7) Pary for fairy,7) Pardis
for paradise,8) Toxic for Talkh, 9) Right for raast, 10)Daad for Data, 11)
Guitar, 12) God, from Persian “ Khoda” 13) Good from “khoob” 14) Bad/=
bad, 14) Lips from “lab” 15) Pajamas from “pa-jamah” 16) Eyebrow from
“ab-ru” 17)Punch from “panj”/= five/ 18) Post/Past from “ Posht” 19)Opium
from “apyoun”20)Saracen from “Khorasan”/ Khorasanis 21)Persian carpet,
22) Persian cat 23) Persian Blue 24) Persian Garden, 25) Shiraz/Sherry/26)
Canvas/ kanaf,27)Pagoda, 28)Pistascios,39) Star/ setaareh 30)Cake,31)
Bank,32) Check,33) Bazaar, 34) Chess/ shah,35)Door/ dar/36)Bang,37)
Cow/ gaao,38)Man/ mind/me,39)Shawl, 40)Caravan/=”van”41) Group/
Grouh,42) Rose/ Ruz 43)Roxan ,44) Jasmine 45)Lemon/ Limu, 46)Mouse/
moosh, 47) Sponge,48)Jel/gel, 49) Receipt/rasid, 50) Naav) Origin of
“navy” / Navigation/ Navigator/ 51) Persian Lamb 52)Persian Berries, 53)
Persimmon 54) Name ( Naam) 55)Stand (=Istadan)56) Run(=Run-dan) 57)
Khaki 58)Shampoo 59) Soap (=Saboon) 60) Foundation (=Bon-daheshn) 61)
Turquoise (=Persian stone) 62)Asphalt (=From Arabic Al-Zaft= Persian
‘Zaft’)63) Alps (=Alborz/Harborz)64) Caucasus (=Persian “Kauh/
Kooh/Mountain) 65)Astrolabe (= Setsareh Yaab/stars finder) 66)
Algorithm(=Al-Khwarizmi/ Iranian Mathematician/9th century)67) Al-
gibra=Arabic word used by the Iran Math Master al-Khwarizmi/ The
inventor of “zero” in Math)68) Gibberish( the Iranian Scientist “ Jaaber
Tusi/ Khorasani”/ whose scientific language was difficult to understand!
69 ) Gibraltar (Arabic “jabal Tariq”/ honoring the Iranian general, who
conquered Spain/ 711A.D. 70)Persian Ammoniac 71) Persian Lilac( Syringa
Persica) 72) Persian Wheel( ancient water pump) 73) Persiana ( Persian
Blinds)74) Aduana (Spanish for customs/ Persian ‘Divan’)75)Persian
Lamb)76) Persian Scarlet 77)Persian Yellow 78) Persian Rose 79) Persian
earth 80) Persian Clove,81) Persian Lawn, 82)Persian Daisy, 83)Persian deer
84) Persian Rose 85)Persian iris, 86)Persian Green, 87) Persian Apple, 88)
Persian berry, 89)Persian buttercup, 90) Persian date, 91) Lepus Lazuli
(=Laaj-vard) 92)Cup (Qap) 93)Coffee (from Arabic Qahwa/= Persian
‘cavi’/king/ powerful)94)Veranda (=Bar-amada/inside garden)95)Camar-
Bund(=Belt/ Kamar-Band) 96 Band 97) Scimitar (=Shamshir/ Sword) 98)
Sherryvalies/Cherryvales (=Shalvar/Pants)99) Enter ( Andar)100)Rustic
(=Rusta-yi) 101) Coast (= Kost/ Kosti/ Koshti)102) Son( from Persian
‘Zadeh’= child) 103) Cold(=Sard/ Kholod in Russian) 104)Asia (=Ossetia
people= Azad=Free Men)105)Osteoporosis(=Os-Tekhan/= bone )106)
Dent/Dental(=Dand-an)107 Lucipher (=Luz=Ruz= Light)108)
Cake( Kak)109)Cookies ( Kukeh)110) Saffron/(Arabic ‘Za-faran’ from Persian
“zar-Paraan”111)Hood(=from Persian ‘Khood’)112) Day ( From the Persian
‘Day’= Daylight/ also one of the months of the year)113)Pagan(Baghan/
gods/goddesses)114)Song/Sang(=Sanj)115)Rook(=Rokh)116)Rank(=Rang)11
7)Aura(=Ahura)118)Juvenile(=Javan)119)
Young(=Javan)120)Me(=Man)121)Am(=Am)122) Be(=
Beed/Beedan/Budan)123)Cancer(=Carchang/Kharchang)124)Nah(=No)125)
Noh(=Nine) Nov(=New) 126)
Is(=ist/ast/hast)127)Ex(=Az)128)Voice(=avaaz)129)Officer(Afsar)130)
Mummy(Moumi)131)Caftan(Kaftan)131) Bronze( Brenj)132) Naphtha
( Naft)133) Bondage ( Band/Bandeh/Bandi)134)
Diva/Daeva/Deos/Theos/Zeus/Jesus=Je-Zus,135) Divine,136)
Divan137)Figure(=Paikar)138) Icon(=Gooneh)139) Dog (= Sog/ Sag=
Soghdian=Saka=Sakestan=Sajistan= Sistan/ Sykes/Sasan/Saxon/
Saxony/Scandinavia/Sasan-ia(=Chechnya)140) Magnet(=Magies’
Stuff)141)Margarita/Margaret/Margarine(From the Avestan
‘marjan’/Pearls/Corals)142)Rashion(From the Avestan Angel
‘Rashna/Rashnu/ Godess of Justice)143)Sun(From the Avestan
‘Zon’/Zoon/Zoor/The Aryan Sun-god/ also known as ‘Sol’in Spanish and
other European countries, as well as Suraj in India, also ‘Surya’ as in
Syria/Assyria, etc. ‘Zoor’ in the Holy Quran, and in Hadith)144) Randy(From
the Persian
‘rend/rendy’)145)Kersuf/Kershuf(‘Hand’Kerchief)146)Abkari/Abqari(Water
Colored)147)Ukrine( Country/ ‘Un- Karaneh’ / No-
Boundry/Limmits)148)Anil(Nilu/Color and
Flower)149)Arabe(Chariots)150)Arm ( From Avestan
‘Areme’)151)Azoth(Zhiveh Plus the Arabic Article ‘Al-/ The/ Al-
Zhiveh)152)Bactrian(=Bactaran/Weastern
Provinces)153)Barbica(Castle/Prison)154)Barmecide(The Barmak
Persians)155)Bear(=Persian ‘Baar”)156)Beaver,157)Belleric(=Belilah)158)
Bellum(Bullam)159)Bardash(Bardah/Varta)160)Beryl(Blure)161)Village(-
vil/Ardavil)162)Villa,
163)Bombastic(Pambeh)164)Borax(Booreh)165)Bowler(Kolaah)166)Bund(B
and)
167)Bundok(Fandoq)168)Cabaan(Qaba)169)Calandar(Qalandar/Kalantar)17
 0)Carcas
(Charcas/Sarkash)171)Carob(Kharnoob)172)Cassock(Kasaa)173)Carboy,
174)Cebratine ,175)Chicane(Chogaan) 176)Crab(Khar-Pa/Khar- Chang)
177)Cry (Gerya)178)Devil(Dev/Deev)179)Digit(Dast)180 )Do (-
Daadan/Daad/Data)181) Did,etc.)182)Eat(Aash) 183)Etc.
(Eta)184)Gab(=Gap) 185)Gape
(Gapa)186)Garbled(Kharaab)187)Guard( Gord)188)Halo ( Haaleh)
189)Hanger (Khanjar)190)He (Ou) 191)Hemp
(Kanaf)192)Hyleg(Hilek/Hileh)193)Ice(Isi/Yakh) 194)Immortal (A-
Mordaad)195)Injury(Ranj/Ranjur)196)Jar(Jarrah/Jazra)197)Jargon(Zargon)1
98)Kinjar (Khanjar)199)Kibbe/Kibbeh(Kubeh/Kubideh)200)Lascar
(Lash’gar)201) Mantion(Maniya/Maandan) 202) Hall(From Avestan
‘Haal’ )203) etc. ,etc.( For details, see “ The
Persian words in English, in Filipino and in
Arabic.www.independent.academia.edu.ph. Prof.
M.S.Tajar/www.scribd.m.s.tajar)

6) In Spain, too, there are various cultural traces from Persia, like dances, such
as the “Sara-bandan” as well as the Flamenco, Gitano, and the Latin music,
whose grand master was a Persian, by the name of “Ali Zaryab”(789-850 A.D)
and his entire family, with the first “Music Institute” in 8th century Europe!
( Ref.”Islam in the West” Dr. N. A. Ali, Tehran University Press/ 2108. Pp345-
370)

7) The conquest of Spain, in 711 A.D. by the Persian Muslim general, “Tariq
Bin Ziyad Hamadani (of Gibraltar fame) brought in lots of Persian –Islamic influences into
Spain, and Europe in general. Those “Persian gardens” of Cordoba and Granada (=Pardis or
Paradise), the Red Palace (Alhambra) the “Mesquite de Cordoba”/which is now a Church/ and
many other social trends, like eating three meals! (The Europeans used to eat two meals a
day) the fashion designing, toothbrush and toothpaste, soap and shampoo, public bathrooms,
sewerage system in the cities (City of Civil, got the first sewage system in entire Europe, in 8 th
century!)The production and the use of paper, the university system, astronomical institute,
the public libraries, public celebrations, like the Persian New Year, called “Nouruz”/ Niruz,
( March 21, the beginning of the Spring Season.The European new year, in which the last
month is called “December”/ The tenth month!!/ was a later Catholic gobbledygook!)

It’s very interesting to note, that aside from the musical and dance traditions in Spain, from
Persia, several regions and cities in Spain, still carry their ancient Persian names, like “Jerez
“(Shiraz) and Cadiz from “Qadesiyyeh”/Cadus People of Caucus/ as well as Badajoz from
“Badakhshan”, Alcazar (from the Arabic “al-qasr/ From Persian ‘Kasra’/ Caesar/ Kaiser/
Tsar),Aduana( from the Arabic “ad-Diwan”/ from Persian “divan”/ Tax Office) , “Guadalquivir”
(= From the Arabic Wade Al- Kabir/ The Big Valley/River, from the Persian “ Vaadi”) and the
Guadalajara, Guadalupe, Gaudete, etc.

The Spaniards used to call the Muslims as “frogs” because they were washing
their hands, faces and feet, five times a day, to worship. And they would take a
bath very often; while the Christian Europe, shunned taking a bath, because it
was a mark of sensuality, and anti-spiritual!

There is a very interesting story, about the Catholic Queen of Spain, the Queen
Isabel of Castile (of the famous union of “Fernando and Isabel”, the Catholic
king and queen, who expelled the entire Muslim

and the Jewish population from the Catholic Spain, in 15 th century) because
they “hated the Muslims, for taking a bath, very often!” or not eating pork, etc.etc.

This Queen of Castile, bragged about her spirituality and Catholicity, by saying
that she had taken a bath, “only twice in her entire life! ---Once upon her birth,
and the second time, when she wanted to marry the king Ferdinand of Aragon
(Spain)

But, as we said before, the Muslim population of Spain, used to wash five times
a day, their hands, faces and feet, in order to pray to Allah (S.W.T) and they
used to take a bath at least once in a week, in order to attend the Friday
Prayers.
This, forced the famous American historian of the 20 th century, Will
Durant, to write:
“For me, to believe in Mohammad, as a prophet, there is no need for any
miracles; The fact that he was able to change the Arabs of the desert, from the
“un-washed” to wash their hands, faces and feet, five times a day, is enough
proof of his Prophethood, and his truth!” (Ref. Will Durant “The Story of
Civilization”p.598
To be fair, Queen Isabel of Spain was not unique in her culture of anti
“Bathing” in Europe of the Middle Ages/ Dark Ages/; even a prestigious
European Institution like “Oxford” in England, used to teach that: “Taking bath,
is a “Pagan” tradition (not Good Christian Practice!)” According to the historian
Philippe Hattie, /himself a Lebanese-American Christian/ in his monumental
work, titled “History of The Arabs ”McMillan International, 2005, p280
 THE PERSIANS IN SPAIN
A big number of the Iranian masons, architects, scholars, artists and musicians,
migrated to the Moorish Spain for centuries; the likes of the great Imam “Ibn
Hazm Andalusi/Isfahani”, the Islamic scholar,Abdur Rahman “Kermani”, Ahmad
Al-Razi, and the master musician “Ali Zaryab” and many others, who were
never recognized as “Persians” either because of their Muslim names, or for
the fear of being discriminated against, by the Arab caliphs, in the Moorish
Spain (711-1509 A.D.).
8) The glamorous “Persian Tile works” in Spain’s Moorish Palaces and
Mosques, many Public Baths (as well as in Morocco and Egypt, etc.), were the
art works of the Persian masons and artists, and it continued till the Othmans
rule for 700 years in Turkey, the Safavids of Persia , the Egyptian Mamelukes
( themselves Persian- Sasan(= Chechen )slaves, now the rulers in Egypt) as well
as the “Persianized Mughal emperors in the Indian subcontinent, with Taj
Mahal, Qutub Minar,the Delhi Jamie Masque, the Shahi Qala and Mosque in
Lahore ( now Pakistan) and many others in Bangladesh, Afghanistan,
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and other “-istans” of the central Asia, and the former
Soviet Union / Former Russian Empire.

9) Persian Traces in Greece, Italy, France and the Rest of Europe

Aside from the “Saka”/ Sykes/ of Scotland, the “Irs” / Aryans/ of Ireland, the
Sykes of “Saxony “in Germany, and the Anglo-Saxons of England, the Sasans/
Chechens/ of the Caucuses, and the “Scandinavian”/Sakes/the Iranian culture
is very much visible in Italy, too. From the Persian “domes” in Vatican and
other Basilicas, up to the Mithraic symbols everywhere, including in the rituals
and the celebrations of the Catholic Church. But, a relatively recent
development in the world of the religious literature, could be cited as:
“The Divine comedy of Dante, as an adaptation of the Arta Viraf, a
Persian prophet, who visited the Heavens, thousands of years earlier”(Ref.
Avesta/ The Zoroastrian Holy Book/ “Arta Wiraz Namag” or The Iran’s Divine
Commedia/ Internet)

10) The “Ashkenazi Jews” in Europe, have no connection in blood with the
Semitic Abraham of the Ur of Chaldea/ the Iraq of today.(Ref.Bible/” Harper’s
Bible Dictionary” p. 373) But rather, they are also from the
“Sake”/Sykes/Ashkani/Ashcan tribes of the ancient Iran. (Ref. Dr. Zardosht
Sotudeh/ Lecture on the Internet)
11) The Balkan region, in the Eastern Europe/the former Yugoslavia/is named
after the Persian “Bala-khaneh” which is used in English as “Balcony” too.
12) The Croats/ The Slaves/ the Persian fighting forces in the “Feudal Europe of
the Middle Ages” from whose signature “Neckties” we have today, the
“cravat”/Croat/ in Spanish, and French.
13) Many artisans, who worked in the building of the Mithraic temples,
churches, and palaces of Europe, also known as the “Masons”/the Masonic
order. They started the Persian word “Rozaneh” or ‘’Rosen” for the windows in
those Churches.
14) The introduction of “pants” called shalvar/Shryvalis/Chevalier/ in Greece
and in the ancient Rome, where the “skirt” was in use for men/ just like in
Wales, England, until now.
15)The Muslim fighters, were called “Saracens” in the European languages,
referring to their “Khorasani”/ Persian origins.( From “Abu Muslim Khorasani”
whose mostly Iranian freedom fighters fought against, and finally deposed, the
racist Umayyad Arab caliphs, in Damascus, and they brought in to power the
Abbasid dynasty, in 8th century A.D.)
16) The tradition of the celebration of the “Three Wise Men”/ The Three Kings/
in Europe, and the entire Christian world, plus the tradition of bread and wine,
the Church hymns/ like the Zoroastrian Gatha/ and the priests’ headgears, etc.
etc.
17) The French Chevaliers (=Persian Shalavar/ savar) and many other stories
and traditions, which are related to this tradition.
18) The French Revolution of 18th century was actually:
“A return to their Mithraic traditions of Gaul (= Gilan/ jilan?) From the
Catholic Christianity “(Ref. Zardosht Sotudeh/ lecture/ Internet)
19) The symphonies, like “ The Magic Flute” by Mozart, and others, like
“Chehreh-Zad / Schahrazad/or the plays by many European artists, like the
works of Amanollah Hosain, Richard Daniel- Pour, etc. are some more
examples of the Iranian culture in that part of the world.
20) Voltaire, and many other French revolutionaries, and the pioneers of the
Enlightenment, confess that they were inspired by the early Iranian traditions,
like the Mithraic, and the Zoroastrian teachings.
21) “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” by the eminent German thinker, Nietzsche, and
many writings by the great German philosophers like Hegel, Goethe, etc. are
but a few reminders of a deep Zoroastrian influence. Nietzsche, even went so
far as to wish: “It would have been better if the Persians were victorious over
the Greeks. In that case, Europe would have had a more tolerant government,
just like that of Cyrus the Great, with his first human rights charter, in the
world!”(Ref. Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani/ the Iranian American philosopher/
lecture/Internet)
22) The” Cross” was another Persian tradition that was popularized by the
Romans in punishing those who opposed their rule, (Spartacus?) or even Jesus
Christ, according to the Christian traditions.( Note: The biggest “Cross” in the
world, is the tomb of king Darrius Of Persia, carved in the stone, in the
mountain near the Persepolis/Iran)
23) As for the Greek, they are the “first cousins of the Iranians, just like the
Brahmins of India”. No need to go in to details, but suffice it to say:
“Almost everything in Greece and Sparta (ex- parta? / Parthians?)has its roots
in the ancient Iranian culture, from the Minoan civilization, to the Greek first
wise men, the Greek mythology , the Greek democracy, etc. where almost
every aspect, contains some Iranian traces. It would be very interesting to add
here that even the official name of Greece/ i.e.” íonia” or Yunan/ is actually a
Persian name for that great nation. Yunan, comes from the Aryan word “
Javan”/ Joven in Spanish and “Jovanni” in Italian, which means the “young
people/ like the ‘’young Turks. It probably refers to those young people, who
separated themselves from the early Aryans/Iranians/ and moved on towards
Greece. (To study that, we need a book or several books of research) Ref. Dr.
Jason Reza Jorjani ” Prometheus and Atlas”/ New York/ 2018.
24) The Persian lady Artemis, the first woman admiral in the world, not only
fought the Greeks in the sea, but she also taught them the “Democracy/
Gender Equality” long before women’s Liberation, became popular in Greece
and the rest of Europe. The Persian Queen “Iran-Dokht” became Empress of
the Persian Empire,2500 years ago, while no woman ever became a ruler in
Greek Democracy; and the Greek Philosopher, Plato , doubted, whether the
women also have the human soul! The Greeks made fun of the Iranians “Being
under the thumbs of their women!” They even gave the name “Amazon” to
the Iranian lady archers. (Dr.Jason Reza Jorjani “The Prometheus and Atlas”/
Amazon Books/2018)
25) The British, copied their ‘Flag’ from the ancient Sassanid empire, to make it
look like them (Please check the flag of the Old Persian Empire, on the
Internet/ the “viriloid”) as we mentioned before, even the name “London” was
given by the early Sarmatian/ Persian tribes. London, or “lau+ Don” is from the
old Sogdian “don” for water (like Danube, in Eastern Europe)
26) In the rest of Europe, and America, almost all of their flags use the
“Mithraic”/ Iranian/Phrygian cap/Liberty cap/a soft conical cap, with the apex
bent over/ a signature of ‘Mithraism’ of Persia.(Ref Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, the
 American-Iranian Philosopher in “Prometheus and Atlas”/ lecture on the
Internet)
27) In the field of Science and Philosophy, there is an undeniable fact, that the
Islamic civilization was the “bridge that brought the Europe from the “middle
Ages”/Dark Ages/into Renaissance” in 14th century, and this bridge was built by
the Muslims for the West, by two Lines: 1) Muslim Scholars, 2) The Crusade
Effect.
In both cases, it was mostly the “Persian Role” that did the real
influence, as follows:
1) As we have stated before, 90% of the “Muslim Scientist and
Philosophers” were the Persians (Ref.Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, the
American-Iranian Philosopher in “Prometheus and Atlas”/
Lecture/Internet.
2) Saladin the Great, who won the Crusade, with all kindness to the
crusaders/ no mass execution, like the crusaders! / was “A Kurdish
Persian Leader”, whose Iranian family names “Shaadi”/Shir-Kuh, are the
best evidences of his Persian Heritage. (Ref.”A Nobel Enemy: How Saladin
Became a Hero in the West”/ The Economist Magazine/London/May
30/2019/
Those two factors that changed the west (Gave them the Civilization /
Renaissance!), could not be over looked, in the study of the Persian influence
on the western way of life, today. Just to add one more evidence of the
scientific role of the Persians in the west, take note of this little information,
from the British scholar and historian, Sir Thomas Arnold:” The oldest astrolabe
in the world, exists in the Oxford Museum, in England; it was built in Isfahan,
Iran by an artist, called Mahmood”
(Ref. Sir Arnold Thomas “The Islamic Heritage “Amazon books/2019.P.56
28) The Iranian polymath “ Biruni”(973-1050 A.D.) was the first scholar in
history, who debunked the “flat Earth” notion(Ref.Jurjy Zaydan “The History of
Islamic Civilization”/ Tehran, Iran,2015, p.616

29) In the field of Chemistry(= The Alchemy came from the Persian word
“sim”/Simia/meaning “Silver” plus the Arabic “al= the)almost all the various chemical
elements, acids, ethanol ,etc. were discovered by the Muslim scientists; and almost all those
Muslim scientists were Persians,like:

1) Jabir Hayyan Tusi/Khorasani=Saraceni/Iranian (721-815 A.D.)

2) Kindi or “al-kindi” (800-870 A.D.)from “kufa”/Kuppa/ the
Persian city, now in Iraq-Iran border.
 3) Razi/Razes/Tehrani/Iranian (854-925 A.D.)

THE AMERICAS (North and South)

Almost all those Iran’s cultural influences that were mentioned in Europe, have
also been transferred in to the Americas (both South and North) when the
European colonial powers, like the British, the French, the Portuguese and the
Spaniards, invaded and colonized, both south and north America. The later
European migrations in to the Americas, was another source of the Europeans
bringing in more of those traditions with them, to the U.S. as well as to the
other countries in South America.
One of the visible Persian cultural influences in North America, is the “Statue of
Liberty” at the New York harbor. It was the French revolutionaries’ gift to the
so-called “land of Liberty”. (For “whites only!”/White is right!)
The Statue of Liberty is actually the Iranian Mithraic goddess (the oldest
religious sect in the world) It’s not only in the New York harbor, but also in
almost every court of justice around the world--- especially in Europe and the
Americas. (Note: The word “justice” is related to the Persian term
“raasti”/Asha/ the basic teaching of the Prophet Zoroaster of Iran, according to
Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh, the prominent Iranologist. The Prophet Zoroaster, some
5,000 years ago Declared: “There is only one way to go, and that’s “Asha”!
/Ashi/Archy/ The opposite is “Un- Archy”/ Anarchy!)
30) The French Revolution/Fall of Bastille/ 1848 A.D/ was a “Mithraic”
inspiration, with the Mithraic “caps”/ Freedom cap/and Mithraic thoughts. The
same French revolutionaries, brought their revolution to America; thus the
American Revolution of 1786 was the continuation of that Mithraic French
revolution; several other revolutions in Latin America were also the
continuation of the same Mithraic Aspiration for Freedom; and Mithra was an
Aryan/ Iranian Goddess of 4, 000 years ago. All these is symbolized by the
“Statue of Liberty/ Mithra/ in New York harbor--- the French revolutionaries
“gift” to the American Revolution. That’s what we mean by: “The Traces of
Iran’s culture in the world in general, and in Europe and the American States,
in particular”. (Ref. Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, the American-Iranian
Philosopher/Lecture/Internet/ Also Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/Lecture/ Internet)
31) We must also add to this, the cultural and the religious, as well as the
intellectual contributions of the millions of the Iranian-Americans, in the South
and North America, today. Also, the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran, had lots of
religious and cultural influences around the world, especially among the
Muslim Communities, including the African –Americans, and the Nation of
Islam, in the USA. (This topic, needs another separate study of its own!)
32) Not only the British, but their American colonies in the United States, have
also adopted the Sassanid/Persian flag as of their own. Almost all the states/
Confederates in the South/ use the “crossed” flag, with the red color of the
“Mithraic” red/ Mithra, slaughtering the bull.

PERSIAN POETRY IN U.S. LITERATURE

The Persian poetry, has played a great role in the U.S. as the poetry
of Rumi, the great Persian Sufi, has been the bestselling book of poetry,
some 700 years after his death. Also the “Omar Khayyam Fans Clubs” have
been very popular in the U.S., as his Divan (book of poetry) is the most
translated book, than any other literary work, aside from the Bible.
Emerson, the American literary giant, was influenced by Sa-di of Shiraz, a
poet, “whose poetry is so fluent, as if it were prose, and his prose is so sweet,
that it sounds like poetry!” (Ref. “GOLESTAN” by Mohammad Ali Forughi, the
Prime Minister of Iran, in 1930s)
Another American man of letters, Mr. Daniel Lewinsky, translated the
great Persian poet, Haafez, and called him “The greatest poet, who
walked the earth!” (Ref. “The Divan of
Hafiz” by Daniel Lewinsky, New York, 1995)
Also, the other great Persian scholars, like “ Ghazzali” , Imam Bukhari,and the
philosopher, physician Avicenna ( the greatest scholar, during the Middle Ages,
according to the American Journal, “ The Intl. Herald Tribune” Oct. 12/ 1998)
The Great “Al-Khwarizmi”/ of the “Algorithm”/Algebra ,and the Arabic
Numbers/, and many other Persian wise men, have influenced the great men
of letter, and science, and politics(e.g. Tomas Jefferson, etc.) in the U.S. and
Canada and the rest of the world.

SOUTH AMERICA/LATIN AMERICA

Almost anything that could be said about the role of the Persians in the
Moorish Spain and Portugal (711- 1500 A.D) with regards to the cultural,
linguistics and the Musical influences, were also transferred in to the Latin
America, by the Spanish “Conquistadores’’ and their fellow Catholics, from
Portugal, during the 16-18th century colonial rules.
But the most remarkable influence to mention here, is the “Latin Music”,
whose ‘father’ was none, but the extra ordinary master of music, “Ali Zaryab”
the founder of the Moorish Musical Institution, in the Iberian Peninsula---
Spain and Portugal. Ali Zaryab(789-850 A.D) was a Persian music genius, who
studied under the great Persian musicians, Abu Iss-haq Musili al- Shirazi, and
his son, Ibrahim.
Even the so-called “Arabic”/ i.e. Persian/ musical “Maqams” owe their
perfection, in Moorish Spain, and their further developments into the Latin
Music/and in the Arab world/ to Zaryab, and to so many other Persian music
virtuosos, who have influenced many intellectual minds, around the world, for
thousands of years. (e.g. Barbud, the master musician of the king Anush-
ravan’s palace, Maestro Nakisa, etc.etc.)
Another interesting story, about the relationship between the Persians and
the Latin Americas, is the un-pland migration of some Iranian navy men, some
2,000 years ago, in to the Latin America. They were part of a naval
‘”expedition” team, sent by the Persian ruler of the time, to “discover” and to
conquer the unchartered territories, in that part of the world. But, a sudden
change in the Empire, from the “Ashkani Dynasty” in to the “Sasanids” forced
those “Explorers” to stay/stranded/ in Latin America! (Ref. “Persian Letters”/
Iran Quarterly/ Tehran, 2005 p. 54.)
This, also proves the fact, that long before the European conquistadores,
like “Christopher Columbus” in the 15th century, or the Chinese -Iranian
Admiral, “ Zhang Ha”/ Zhang Ma” in the 13th century, the Persians had
discovered, and colonized America; that was even before the Birth of Christ!

CHINA’S PERSIAN HERITAGE

China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world--- five thousand

years of culture. But compared to the 10,000 years of the Iranian culture and
civilization (i.e. “The Jiroft Civilization” and the Arata Culture) China is
considered to be very “young!”
That’s why:
1) The Chinese/ Korean, philosophy of the “Yin and Yang” is actually an
adaptation from the Iranian philosophy of the “Light and Darkness”/ Ahura
and Ahriman/ the foundation of the Zoroastrian religion (the oldest
Unitarian religion, that has also influenced the other religions--- including
Judaism, Christianity and Islam)
2) The Chinese clothing/ the loose tunic and pants (shalvar) are influenced by
the Iranian Sarmatian tribes of the central Asia (the excellent horse riders,
wearing pants!)
3) The China-ware, is called the “Parthian ware”/ Persian Ware/ in China;
because, they were originated in Persia.
4) The “Blue Jars” are called the “Mohamedan Blue” by the Chinese
themselves.(Ref.”The Dicovery Channel”/ Oct. 28/2004}
5) In the field of religion, the Buddhism, Christianity, Manicheanism, and Islam,
were all introduced in China, through the Iranian gurus and teachers or the
Imams (e.g. Imam Bukhari, Imam Nasa-iy, Imam Tirmizi, etc.)
6) The latest findings in the Chinese region of “Turfan” shows that lot of the
Manichean books and writings/ in old Sogdian/Avestan/old Iranian
alphabets/ have been in use there, for a long time, and many more of
them are still being discovered.
7) Aside from those, an ancient Iranian religion /Shamanic (i.e. Samani) belief,
called “Bon” religion, is still in practice, in the Tibet region of China/India…
The Bon religion was founded by a “Khorasani”/Saracen/Ancient Persian
guru, called Shenrod, some 5,000 years ago!(Ref.Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/
Lecture/ Internet)

Here are, in brief, some more examples of the Iranian cultural heritage, in
China:
a) Almost all the Islamic establishments i.e. mosques, cemeteries,
charity homes, etc.in China, are built in the ancient Iranian style.
b) Many Islamic practices, traditions, names, words and expressions,
that are being used today, by the 80 million Chinese Muslims/ Huns,
Uighurs and others/ are from the old Persian terms, like “Namaz” for
prayer (while the Arabic is Salat) or “Bang” for Arabic Azaan or
“Aabdast” for the Arabic wudhu , “Nik- khaah” for the Arabic Nikaah,
the intention to pray (= Niyya in Arabic) etc. etc.
c) As we mentioned earlier, the “Blue Jars” are called “the
Mohamedan Jars” in China , that shows their origin from Persia.(Ref.
“The Discovery Channel”/Oct.28/2004)
d) Fung Shui, the well-known practice in China, has its origin in the Old
Iranian practices of the Mithraic teachings, too.
e) The horse, alfalfa, grapes and several other grains and vegetables,
are some of the natural exports of Persia in to China.(Ref. Iran: The
Land and the People/pp 80-90)
f) In fact, the names “China” /and also “India”/ are the Iranian given
names for both of those countries, whose native names are “Jung
Wa” and “Bharat” respectively.
g) The Lotus flower (= the symbol of Mithraism/ the prominent flower
of the Persepolis) is another Persian heritage in to China(And the
rest of the world)
h) Some 150 Persian Scripts, books on Buddhism, Shamanism and
Manicheanism, discovered in China’s “Turfan” region, in 2006, are
just a few signs of the Ancient Iranian cultural/religious influences in
China.

i) When “Ebn Battuta” the renowned Moroccan / Berber/ traveler,

visited Asia, including Iran and China, he wrote about many
prominent Persian scholars and businessmen, who were living in
China. Here are a few of them in brief:
1) K.A.Esfahani (in Quan-Zho)
2) Sharaf Tabrizi
3) Borhan Kazeruni
(Ref. “Ibn Battuta” pp.252-53)

J) On the other hand, SOUREN MELIKIAN, a veteran journalist, and

the “International Herald Tribunes’” Art researcher, gives a long list
of the Persian Cultural influences in China, and then he concludes
that: “China’s Iranian connection is only beginning to unravel!”
(Ref. IHT P.11/Art Section/April 9-19, 2005)

INDIA
In the case of India, the Persian heritage is even bigger than in the
other lands.
There have been several waves of the Iranian cultural, social, religious
and political influences in the Indian subcontinents (India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, etc.) Here are a few examples, in brief:
1) Almost 3,000 years ago, with the first wave of the migration by the
Aryans/Iranians/ Brahmins/ to India, a lot of the Iranian Culture,
including religious (Mithraism) and linguistic (Sanskrit) entered in to
the Indian subcontinent
2) After the 7th century invasion of Iran, by the Arab Muslim forces,
and the subsequent invasion of India, thru Persia, another wave of
the Iranian migrants (both Muslim and Zoroastrian) went in to
India.
3) The invasion of India, by Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi, a Turkic ruler,
from the Iranian central Asia, and then the invasion of that vast
land, this time by the Iranian ruler, Nader Shah, in 1739 A.D.
brought lots of Persian culture, in to the Indian subcontinent. The
Persianized Turkic soldiers (= The Urdu) and the Persian Sufis
 carried many of the Iranian religious, linguistic and social
influences, with them in to India.
4) The 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution (called “A miracle of our Age”
by the father of the Algerian revolution, Ben Bella/ see Time
Magazine/ New York/ Feb. 1979) not only changed many things in
the Muslim world, but also in those countries, where the Muslims
are in the minority, and that includes, India, with the biggest
Muslim minority in the world( some 200 plus million Muslims)
In the case of India, it was as follows:
a) Influence on India, as a whole
b) Especially, on the Muslim population of India
c) More specifically, on the Shia Muslims of India
5) The first flag of the modern Indian republic, was created by a
Parsee Lady/ Persian Zoroastrian/ by the name of KHOMA
ROSTAM, in Kolkata, India, in 1907.(Two years after the first Iranian
Revolution/ The first national revolution in Asia, in 1905-6)
6) The Declaration of Independence of India/ Pakistan/ Bangladesh,
from the British rule, in 1947, was announced in Persian language/
the official language in India, for almost 700 years/ on All- India
Radio Network.
7) The first “non-white”/ not British/ Member of Parliament, in Great
Britain, was a Parsee/ Persian Zoroastrian/ from India, by the name
of Dada Bai Naoroji, in 1892.
He was the first member of parliament, who criticized the “British
milking of the Indian people” (Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/ lecture/
Internet.
8) Zubin Mehat, The most popular musical conductor in India, and
one of the best in the world, was another Parsee, born to a
Zorastrian/Irani family in Mumbai, India.(Ref.IHT/Feb.1/2007)
The Parsee/ Parsi/ Zoroastrians are a very tiny minority in India
(70,000 thousands, in a population of 1. 5 billion) yet, they have
contributed in to it more than any other group. That’s why, Dr.
Zardosh Sotudeh, the prominent “Iranologist”, Turkologist and
linguist par excellence, says:
“Any good value to the Indian Society’s development, has
definitely a “Parsee” contribution!” (Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/
Lecture/ Internet.
I, think that the main reason for this good behavior/ the
good contributions/ of the Zoroastrian communities, in India, Iran,
 Pakistan and around the world, has its roots in the fundamental
philosophy of the Zoroastrian religion, that teaches those Three
Basic Rules of a clean and fruitful life, or:(Seh Bukht/Seh Gopt )=
1)“Humt” 2)”Hukht” 3)”Huvarasht”(In Pahlavi language)
and in Avesta:
1) Hu- Mata (Good Thought)
2) Hu- Khta ( Good Word)
3) Hu-Varashta( Good Work)
9) Let’s not forget here that these Zoroastrians of India, not only
played great roles in culture, education, social services, health
centers, libraries and educational centers in India, but they did the
same in Iran, as well---as a” home, away from home” feeling!
Two of the most popular Iranian writers were also much
admirers of this Old Persian Community, so much so that, they spent
their entire lives in writing about them, and from them, to their
Iranian readers. They were:
1) Sadeq Hedaayat(1903-19510) the most popular
novelist, in Iran.
2) Pour- Davood(1885-1968) the most well-known
Iranian researcher, on the Parsi Community of
India.

THE BRAHMINS OF INDIA

The Brahmin Caste (the Aryan/Iranians) were the first Iranian

tribes, that moved from the Central Asian region, in to the Indian
territories. Another branch went in to Greece, and the rest went to
Iberia/ Spain and Portugal/and other parts of Europe, but the main
Aryan branch, stayed in the Greater Iranian main land. Here are
some more details about them:
A) The Aryan Brahmins dominated the native people of India,
also known as “Dravidians” ( The early African migrants into India )
and they established the ‘Four Caste’ system ,that had been first
initiated by the King Jam-Shid (=Yama/Yam/Yaman) a ruler of the
early Aryan people.

Until now, that Old Iranian Caste system is practiced in the

Indian subcontinent, as:
 1) The Brahmins ( the upper class)
2) The Kshatriyas
3) The Vaishya
4) The Shudras (= Untouchables!)

B) The Sanskrit (Avestan)

The Sanskrit language, the Rig Vedas, and many other
traditions, like the beliefs in many Aryan gods and goddesses, or Devas, like Mithra, Anahita,
Indira, Varuna, etc. were originally the Aryan (Iranian) influences, in the Indian subcontinent.
C) The Sufi Islam
The Islam of the Indian subcontinent was not /and is not/ the “orthodox Arabian”
style, but rather, a moderate Persianized form of the Sufi Islam ( just like the Islam in North
Africa, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc.)
The great Persian Sufi Masters, like “Khawja Mo-in ud-Din Cheshti/ “Khawja Osman
Hajwiri/ Khawja Ganj Shakar/ Nizam Din Aulia/ Baba Farid/ Mir Seyyed Ali Hamdaani(Shah
Hamadan) and many other Iranian Fakirs and Dervishes, brought with them, a moderate Islam
in to the Subcontinent.
D) Sikhism
Although Sikhism was born in India (It’s a form of half Islam, half Hindu combination)
yet, lots of its teachings, and fundamental principles and practices (like the 5 “K”s of the Sikh
Faith: Kara, Karad, Kacha, Kash, Kanga) were the adaptations from the Old Iranian religious
practices. (Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/ Lecture/Internet)
Even “Guru Nanak” (1469-1539 A.D) the founding father of Sikhism, was very well
versed in the Persian Language and Literature, and he travelled to Iran, before his declaration
of Sikhism.Interstingly, his father’s name is “Mehta” a Parsi/ Zoroatrian name. Some scholars
believe that Guru Nanak, and several other Sikh teachers came from the Zoroastrian/ Parsi
origins. He is called “Baba”/ a Persian word for Papa.
E) The Urdu Language
The “Urdu” (= Army) language, with some 800 million speakers worldwide, was a
result of the 700 years of the presence of the Persian language, literature and culture, in the
Indian subcontinent.
The Urdu, is some 50% Persian, 30% Persianized Arabic, and 20% Sanskrit (=The
Avestan—Iranian ancient tongue)
F) Poetry and Music
Almost entire poetry in India is either Persian or Urdu (“the beautiful daughter of Persian
Language!” as it was described by Dr. Mahmood Shirani, the prominent Indian Professor of
Literature) Ref.”The Persian Letters”/ Iran Quarterly/ Sum.2,000/P.199.
To know this point better, you should just watch one Bollywood (Hindustani and
Pakistani) movie.
As for the music,” Amir Khosrow Dehlawi ”(1253 -1325) the legendary music master,
and the inventor of several musical instruments in the world, was actually the son of an
Iranian migrant, from the Central Asia ( the Greater Iranian Lands)
So were “Asadullah Ghalib” (The father of Urdu Poetry) and Mr. “Hali”/ “Mir Anees”/
Mir Taqi Mir/ Bidel, and many other poets and song writers, in the Indian subcontinent.
Dr.Muhammad Iqbal, (1877-1938) the Indian born, national poet of Pakistan, is a great
example of the Persian cultural influences in the Indian subcontinent: 1) He wrote his own
doctoral dissertation on the “Development of Metaphysics in Persia”(Munich, Germany/1908),
2) He, being an Indian, composed 70% of his own poetry in “Persian “and only 30% in
Indian(=Urdu).He said: “I get my poetic inspirations in Persian” 3) And once, he even wrote to
a friend: “My soul is Persian!”(Ref. The Persian Letters”/Iran Quarterly/Tehran, 2009)
QAWWALI THE IRANIAN ART IN INDIA/PAKISTAN
One of the most visible cultural influences of Persia to enter in to the Indian Subcontinent
(including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal etc.,) which has become popular throughout
the world is “qawwali”( the spiritual music and chants) The Most basic instruments are Persian
and the poems are Persian or Urdu ( half- Persian)Just like the Pakistan national anthem,
which is entirely Persian( except for one connecting letter ‘Ka’)
“BOLLIWOOD” A PARSI HERITAGE
In the fields of music and the movies, the first movie that was made in India, was
produced by a Parsee (Iranian- Indian) and interestingly, it was titled “The Flowers of Persia”!
(Ref. Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh/ lecture/ Internet)Not only in India, but even in Iran itself, these
Indian- Iranians were the first people, who introduced the movie industry, during the 1940s.
Up to now, the Indian movies(The biggest film production in the world, 1,000 pictures
a year) are dominated by the Parsi Finaciers/ Directores/ and“Khans”/ the Pathans and other
Persian and Muslim artists, who are mostly, the children of “Central Asian/ Iranian” migrants.
G) “INDIAN FOOD”
 The Hindu population of India, being “vegetarians” could never come out with those
exquisite foods, the main ingredient of which is the “Animal Meat”; as a result, almost any
Indian delicious food, is Iranian in origin, both in name and in substance. For example: 1)
“Biryani” 2) Pulao/ Polov/Pilaf/3) Kebab/ Persian Kabob/4)Spinach 5) Tandoori 6) Panir 7)
Masala 8) Naan 9) Murgha, 10)Gulab Jaman/11) Baklava (=Pahlava),12)Zardah, and Various
other Sweets, etc. etc. (Ref. see the Indian Cuisine, for details)
F) The INDIAN FASHION
The Indian clothes, like “SHIRVANI” and cap( of the late Prime Minister of India, Jawhir la’
l Nehru/ the Nehru Tunic) as well as “JINNAH CAP” of the late Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the
founding father of Pakistan,( and the SUKARNO Cap in Indonesia/Malaysia/ Brunei) are all
originated from the fashions of the ancient Persia.
The typical “Shalwar- Qamis” of the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and the Afghanis( A
name, invented by the British colonizers, to separate Eastern Khorasan from Greater Iran, in
19th century A.D.) are from the influences of the Persian culture, which are still visible on the
stone carvings of the Persepolis Palaces of Iran.
The Indian turban (= Dul- band?) in Rajasthan, as well as the Sikh turban, the Sikh
dagger/ khanjar/ khoon- gar/and pajamas (= Paa- Jama) plus several other Indian fashion
accessories,/Parsi Gara,/Qalam Kaari/Kalam-kari/Darzi/ Zari Duzi/( Persian style embroidery)
have their roots in the Iranian culture, too.
Swastika,( The symbol of the revolving sun/ see BBC Report/ Oct. 5, 2000) which is a
fundamental symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, “ Bon” Faith, and several other Aryan religions, is
actually the symbol of Mithra, the sun god of the ancient Iran( Even Hitler, and his Aryan
forces, “ borrowed”/ and abused/ this symbol, for a few years!)
This Swastika symbol, can still be seen, in almost all the ancient Church buildings, in the
Eastern Europe, the historic buildings in Italy/ Rome/ and the rest of the historic Europe and
Asia. Some of the Old Iranian Mosques’ domes and minarets, contain these Swastikas, in the
form of the “Revolving Sun” (See the Isfahan Blue Dome mosques, the Ardabil mosques, the
Bukhara and Samarqand mosques, religious schools in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, the
Central Asia--- ancient Persia)
G) THE DIWALI AND BARASAT
The Diwali, the colorful Indian celebration of light (= light vs. darkness/ the Zoroastrian “light
vs. darkness”) has its roots in the Aryan traditions. The Barasat (= from the Persian “Baresh”/
rain) also has its origins in the Aryan celebrations (In the rest of the Southeast Asia, like
Thailand, Cambodia (= Cambyses, king of Persia) and Myanmar, etc. the “Water Celebrations
in the spring” are related to the Aryan Barasat tradition)
 Nowruz, the Persian new year (March, 21st, the first day of spring) is also celebrated in the
Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) and a dozen other countries, in Asia, the
Central Asia, and even by the Coptic natives of Egypt, as “NIRUZ”.
The “Palava” (= the Pahlavi/ Parthian/ Parthian Warriors) still exist as a tribe, in India. The
“Palawan” islands in the southern Philippines, and “Palau” islands of the Pacific Ocean, are
related to this ancient tribe of Persia. Let’s not forget to mention the “Iranon” tribe of the
Muslim Filipinos, as well.
The “Parsee/ Parsi”/ Zoroastrians, who migrated to India from Persia, 1, 000 plus years
ago, have influenced the Indian culture, much more than what can be explained in one paper.
They have been the pioneers in almost every industry in the Indian subcontinent, like the
railways, steel industries, the Air India, the atomic energy (the founder of the atomic energy of
India was a Parsee, by the name of Dr.Homi Bhabha/1923-2010) as well as in the movie
industry, the Hindi Music, the newspapers and magazines, food industry, the real estate, etc.
In the Indian political life, as well as in the social circles, they have had lots of influence. For
example, the husband of the long time prime minister of India, the late Indira Gandhi, was a
Parsee gentleman, by the name of “Firuz Gandhi”. His son Rajiv Gandhi also became the prime
minister of India, and his grandson “Rahul Gandhi” and her sister, Priyanka, are still active in
the Congress Party of India, and the possible prime ministers, in the future. (In Pakistan and
Bangladesh, parts of India up to 1947 partition, four of their prime ministers, and many other
political leaders also, trace their origins to Persia: 1) Iskandar Mirza, prime minister of
Pakistan, 2) Gen. Ya-qub Khan, President of Pakistan, 3) Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of
Pakistan,4) Nusrat Bhutto, the first lady of Pakistan/ the mother of Benazir/ 5) Mr. Pir Zadah,
The former foreign minister of Pakistan, 6) Begum Hasina Zia, the Prime minister of
Bangladesh, and many other political and industrial figures, in those countries, were either
Persian themselves, or born to a Persian parent/e.g. The Isfahani family, the Shirazis, the
Yazdis,etc.)
It’s very interesting to add here that the Founder of Karachi/ The biggest city of
Pakistan and its commercial center was a Parsee/ Persian Zoroastrian, too. The late JAMSHID
NUSHERWAN JEE, a Parsee Philanthropist- businessman(D 1934 A.D.) created this city from a
small town into ‘The Best port in Asia’ and the first airport in the Indian subcontinent, before
the independence of India and Pakistan, in 1947.(Ref. “ History of Karachi”p.116)
H) Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal, the pride of India, and one of the” Seven wonders of the world”, is actually:
“A Persian Islamic Monument, designed by an Iranian architect, for an Iranian queen
in India, and it was built by a Perso-phil Emperor, of the Moghul dynasty, in the subcontinent
of India”(Ref. The Village Voice weekly/ Manila, the Philippines/ Nov. 19/ 2002)
 The Persian Queen of Shah Jahan, the Moghul Emperor of India, was called “Mumtaz
Mahal”, whose father migrated from Iran into India, in 11th century A.D.
The charismatic prime minister of India, in 1950s Mr. Jawaher Lal Nehru (whose first
name is Persian, and being a “Brahmin”/his roots are also Aryan) in one of his books on world
history, discussing the Taj Mahal, wrote:
“Taj Mahal is actually, the flower of Persia, planted in the garden of India” (Ref. “The
Letters of a Father to his Daughter” by Jawaher Lal Nehru, New Delhi, 1950 ed.)
I) The “Namaste” greeting in the Hindu Culture, is actually the “Namaz”/ salutation/ of
the Aryans, which literally means “I Salute you” from the Zoroastrian and Islamic
words of the daily “Namaz”.
There are many other cultural influences of Iran in the Indian subcontinent (India,
Pakistan and Bangladesh) which need volumes, in order to discuss in details, but
because of the limitations of time and space, we leave it to another occasion.

THE ARAB WORLD

The connections between Iran and the Arab world is very unique from different aspects,
from conquering, to be conquered on and off, several times. Before the advent of Islam, when
the Persian Empire was ruling over almost half of the known world, with 45% of the world
population and 125 states, from India to Greece, and from Egypt to Ethiopia, many Arab
countries of today, including Hejaz (the Saudi Arabia) and Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, the UAE,
Iraq up to Syria, Jordan, Palestine and Lebanon were under its rule. For almost five hundred
years, Egypt was under the rule of Persia,( Ref “Aljazeera Report” Feb. 12/ 2010) The
Emperors of Persia, like King Darius, and King Cambyses ( whose name is on Cambodia, until
today) were considered as “FAR-RA”(Pharaoh in Latin) which translates in Persian as
“Farzand= child+ Ra= the sun god of Egypt” in short “the Son of The Sun god”!(Ref. “Abul Alaa
Maududi of Pakistan/ himself of the Iranian ancestry/ in “Qur’an” Commentary/ Lahore,
Pakistan, 1998)p.98
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
As for the Hejaz ( the Saudi Arabia of today) the first cities built for the “ Bedouins of the
Desert” was by the Persian aristocracy and the Iranian artisans and the masons,
who were called “Tazi”/ Tajik/ like Tajikistan, meaning the people with
“Taaj”(from the Persian Taag, meaning Tiara/ ‘’crown’’/ head gear/, (Ref. “A.A.
Deh-Khoda, “Iran Encyclopedia”/ Tehran/ 2018)
No wonder that in Arabic, the tent duelers, called the city as “Madinah” which is related to the
Medes of “Ha+ Madan”, the first city builders in the world!”(Note: even the words
 like Medicine, Medical and several other natural products, are related with the
Mede civilization. The Greek story of Medea, and the Median herb, etc., are some
other cultural terms, from the Median Land)
BABYLON OR IRAQ
Other Arab lands , like Iraq of Today(Babylon of the old history) for centuries were
parts of the Persian Empire, when in 530 B.C. Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered
Babylon, without any bloodshed, and he liberated the Jews from their 60 years of
mass slavery (Only the Prophet Mohammad A.S. of Islam, some 1,000 years later,
would match Cyrus in magnanimity, when he conquered Mecca, without
bloodshed, in 630 A.D.and he told the population of Mecca: “All of you are free!”.
But before that, the conquerors, used to enslave, harm, kill or even skin their
enemies alive, as the Assyrian king, “Sargon” used to brag about such brutalities!)
ARABIA FELIX OR YEMEN
Yemen was very close to the Persian Empire, because it was saved from the
Ethiopian forces, by the kings of Persia, several times. Yemen, was actually a
“Satrapy” ( Khashtro- Pan) of the Persian Empire, who would appoint them as
their representative rulers. That’s why a big amount of the Persian lifestyle and
traditions still could be observed among the Yemeni people, like wearing the
Persian turban on their heads, or a Persian dagger/ khanjar, on their waists, etc.
OMAN AND BAHRAIN
The Sultanate of Oman and Bahrain, were also parts of the Persian Empire. The cultures of
these two countries are very much influenced by the ancient Persia, too. For
example, the Turbans /”Taaj” of the Omani men, their wearing the Persian
daggers, like the Yemenis, etc. Even the name of the late King Qaboos of Oman
(Death 2020) was Persian, not Arabic. The name Oman could even be from the
Persian word “AU-MAN” (= Water site). As for Bahrain, the civilization of “Dilmun”
(The Iranian tribe of Daylamians) is still very much alive in that Island nation of the
Persian Gulf. This little Island, used to be a province of Iran/ just like
“Afghanistan”/ until the British colonialists occupied it, in 1820 A.D.
The other Arab nations, like the countries of North Africa, from Morocco
up to Egypt, have had many Persian rulers/ and thus cultural influences, too. From
the “Rustamid” rulers of what is now Tunisia(“Tun” and Tabas/ Thebes/ of
Persia?), up to the “Mamelukes” of Egypt (the former Caucasian/ Iranian slaves,
now kings of Egypt!) brought lots of their Iranian culture, into the Arab countries
(The “Zingy Dynasty of Syria” and the Kurdish, Iranian Saladin” bin Shadi”, who
defeated the European Crusaders, and he established the sultanate, in the land of
Egypt”) all changed the society, to their Persian culture and color. Another good
example could be the “Nowruz”/Persian new year celebrations, the Sufi Islamic
practices, as well as those unique architecture of the Mosques in Egypt (i.e. Al-
Rifayi Royal Mosque in Cairo/ Midan al- qala)and many other Persian “tile works”
in North African territories. Interestingly, the historic city of “Qairawan” in
Tunisia, has got its name from the Persian “Caravan” of Iran (Also the term “van”
and Vanette, in European languages).
As we mentioned before, the tradition of “housing” (From the name of the
King “Houshang”/ the founding father of the Aryans, who stated the practice of
‘’Housing”/ Hutan in China) and the city dueling, (from the “Bedouin” / tent
dueling) both were initiated in the world by the Medes of Iran, some 7,000 years
ago. That’s why the words “Madinah” /Madyan in the Holy Quran/ Mada-yen, etc.
came from the “Medes” of “Ha-Madan” (Hamadan, one of the earlier four
capitals of Iran (The three others being “Susa”/ Swiss? / Persepolis and
Ktesfoon/Ctesiphon ( Bagh-Dad”/ Bagh- data/ God- city, in Iraq, today)
By the way, the words like “Medicine”/ Medical/ Medici/ “Medea” and the
Greek term “ The Medean herb” for alfalfa (= in Arabic “alfasfa” from the
Persian “ Aspast”/ Asp-ast/ the horses’ feed/ come from the same First City
in the world, or the present day “ Ha-madan” in Iran.
The Arabs, being nomadic people/ The “Bedouins”/ learned to live in the
‘’Cities” and villages, mostly from the Persian traditions. Even to “wear
shoes” (!) was a Persian custom, strange to the Bedouins. Today, in some
tribal regions of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman, you can still see the old
Bedouins, who avoid ‘’Wearing shoes” in the sands of the Arabian
Peninsula (While a leather shoe belonging to a man, 5,000 years ago, was
discovered in the Caucuses Mountains of Armenia, a province of the
Persian Empire, of those days) Ref. “The Foreign Post”/ Manila weekly/ The
Philippines, Dec. 15/ 2000)
Yet, as we mentioned, many Arab tribes, refuse the “Housing”/
Tradition of King Hushang/ and wearing “shoes” until today!
According to the eminent Iranian scholar, Mr. Deh-khoda ( Diaku ?/
Duke?) the Iranian royalty, or “Tazi”(Tajiks/ Tajikistan/ “people with the
headgear or Taj/ Taag) were the first people, who introduced the “city
building” in the Arabian Peninsula ( the native Arabian Bedouins were
nomads) Ref. “ Deh- Khoda, Vol. 2/ P. 305)
No wonder, the Holy Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) has been quoted
as saying: “The other Arab tribes, call us, the Quraysh, as the Persians of
Arabia!” (Ref. “Khdamaat…” by Prof. Motah-hari, Murtaza, / Qom/ Iran,
1999)
 It’s very much probable, considering that the word “Quraysh” that’s
the tribe of the Prophet (A.S.) sounds much like the Persian name “Koresh”
as Cyrus the Great, is called by the Iranian people (Note: Not necessarily,
Cyrus of the Persepolis, but a certain head of an Iranian tribe of yore.) Even
the name of the Cyprus Island nation in the Mediterranean Sea, and the
“Qurush” coins in several Middle East countries comes from the Cyrus,
which is pronounced in the Middle East, as “Kurosh”.
THE IRANIAN LINGUISIC INFLUENCES
The Iranian linguistic influences in Arabic language, before Islam, is
very remarkable (A secret that many parties have tried to keep silent for too
long!)Today, our research has shown that there are more than 10, 000 Avestan/
Persian words in Arabic language. But more remarkable are those Persian words
in the Islamic “Hadith” and in the “Holy Quran”, which contain more than 200
Avestan terms, repeated in 4,000 verses out of the 6,235 verses of the Holy
Quran.
(For details, you may refer to the “Persian and Avestan Words, in English,
Filipino, and Arabic, in Hadith and in the Holy Quran” by Prof. M.S. Tajar. www.
Independent. Academia. Edu. Ph. / www. Scribd. M.S.Tajar)

AFTER ISLAM

After the advent of Islam, the role was reversed, meaning to say, that instead of the
Persian culture and language influencing the Arabs, it was the Arabic culture and
language that overwhelmed the Iranian Languages. Aside from the Arabic
Alphabet, almost 40% of the Persian language is made of the Arabic words, and
this made the Persian language versatile and universal--- Those universal poets,
such as “Rudaki”, Daqiqi, Ferdausi, Sa-di, Haafez, Rumi, Nezaami, Omar
Khayyam….. (Almost 1,000 prominent poets)

Islam, not only changed the religion, but it was so powerful that it changed even
the languages of many nations----- i.e. The Babylonians, Assyrians, Nebatians,Arab
Egyptians,Phinicians,Berbers / the Amazigh, etc. Those nations, ended up as the
“Arab Iraq and Syria, The Arab Egypt, the Arab Jordan, The Arab Lebanon and the
Arab North Africa. The only non-Arab countries in the Middle East, that accepted
Islam, without speaking Arabic, were Iran and Turkey (The two super powers of
those days as the Byzantine and Persia)
 It’s very interesting to mention a related story, here. Once, somebody
asked the prominent Egyptian journalist and historian, Mr. Hassanein Haykal:
“Dr. Haykal! How come, the Egyptian civilization, and the “Coptic Language” could
not resist, the crushing force of the Arabic language, as did the Persian, for
example?” The late Egyptian scholar replied: “We didn’t have a Ferdausi, like the
Iranians, to protect our language!” (Ref. “Interview with Dr. Haykal” Iran Weekly/
1989)

THE ARAB CONQUEST OF PERSIA

The Arab forces conquered Persia in the years 633-654 A.D. Some of the
Arab Caliphs mistreated the defeated peoples. They used the name of Islam, to
enslave the conquered nations’ populations---- the Iranians, the Romans, the
Africans, etc. as did the European colonialists in our time (the Christians and the
Jewish slave traders, with the 17 million African slaves, in 18th and19 th centuries.
Their American descendants continued abusing the African-Americans in cotton
plantations; and they are discriminating against them, until now). The Arabs used
to call the non-Arabs as “maula” and “mawali” in plural, meaning slaves. (Islam
and slavery?!)
Yet, among those “slave” nations, no nationality shined and influenced the
Arab culture more than the Persians. Here are a few examples, in brief:
1) The greatest “Imams” of the Sunni Islam/ Arabs/ became the Iranian
scholars--- like 1) “Salman the Persian”2) Imam Abu Hanifah 3) Imam
Hanbal (Hannibal?) 4) Imam Bukhari 5) Imam Muslim 6) Imam Tirmizi, 7)
Imam Nasa-yi, 8) Imam Sajistani (Sistani) 9) Imam Ibn Maja (=Maji!)
Qazvini, 10) Imam Ibn Hazm Isfahani(Andalusia) 11) Allamah Ragheb
Isfahani,12)Imam Shaikh Abdul Qader Gilani/ Jilani,13)Imam Mohammad
Ghazzali,14) Imam Fakhr Razi 15)Imam Zamakh-shari,16) Imam Taftazani,
17) Imam Juwaini,18) Imam Rahuyah,19)Imam ibn Qutaybah Dainawari
and many others.
2) The Persian scholars in the Arab/Islamic civilization went so far, as to
make the Arab-Andalusian scholar, “ibn Khaldun” to confess that:
“I never came across any great Islamic scholar, who was not a Persian, or
the student of a Persian!”(Ref. ibn Khaldun “Moqaddamah”/ Beirut, Darul
Elm/ 1990) Yes, he was right! Because, 90% of all the Islamic scholars and
scientists, happen to be the Persians/ Iranians. (Ref. Dr.Jason Reza Jorjani,
the Iranian American Philosopher, “Prometheus and Atlas”/ New York”/
2019.
Also, the famous Arab-American historian, Professor Philipp Hilti of
The Harvard University wrote: “The greatest physicians of the world, in
 9th and 10th centuries, were the Persian Muslim specialists” (Ref.”The
History of the Arabs”/ Amazon Books 2019)

3) IRANIAN SCHOLARS STARTED ARABIC GRAMMAR

The history tells us that, before Islam (circa 500 A. D.) there existed not a
single book in Arabic language. A few poetry pieces that were composed,
were also oral and memorial, but not written. The seven so-called
“Mo-allaqaat” poems in Ka-bah(=Cube/Aryan/Iranian) were a few lines of
crooked writing, without any “dots’’ or “Vowels” whatsoever (just like the
Hebrew alphabet, today). Even the Holy Quran got those vowel- ability and
dots, much later, during the Caliph Abdul Malik (circa 650s)when the Persian
Minister “Ibn Maqlah” improved, the Arabic Alphabet and writing rules.
(Ref.”Persian Names”/ India/ 2004/p. 81)
As for the “Jahiliyyah Poetry” the prominent Egyptian Arabic scholar
“Taha Hosain” believes that:” The Jahiliyyah poetry is a myth that was
created during the Omayyad and the Abbasid dynasties, to brag about the
non-existent Arab poetry!” (Ref. Dr. Taha Hosain, “Jahiliyyah Poetry Myth”/
the Internet lecture/ 1980.)
4) IRANIAN “SIBUYAH” THE FATHER OF ARABIC MORPHOLOGY
Because of their need to understand the language of the Holy Quran and
the Hadith, the Persians had to study Arabic. But a desert language had no
“rules and regulations” to study. Therefore, somebody had to create those
rules (i.e. Qiyasi/ Suma-iy rules) and here comes the great Persian scholar
and linguist “ Sibuyah of Shiraz” who wrote the book of the Arabic Grammar,
known only as“ Al-Kitab”/ the BOOK/.He was born in Shiraz city/Iran, and
died in “Savah” city/Central Iran/ at the young age of 40 (What a fruitful
Short life!)
Then, there was the need for a “Dictionary of the Arabic Language”.
Even there, another Iranian lexicon from Shiraz, “Firuz Abaadi” wrote his
opus Magnus, called “al-Qamus”. Until today, the word al-Qamus, in Arabic
language means “Dictionary” (Just like “Zerox” that in English means the
copying machine!)
5) THE “ARAB”/IRANIAN PHILOSOPHERS
According to the American-Iranian Philosopher, Jason Reza Jorjani,
almost 90% of all the Muslim Philosophers/ Scientists/ Scholars of the
“Islamic Civilization” from the 7-13 centuries A.D. were the Persians--- like
Avescina, Razes, Farabi,Juvaini, Ghazzali,Khwarazmi(= of Al-Gorithm), Jabir
Bin Hayyan,Tusi/ Khorasaani/Kufi(of Gibberish fame!) Hakeem Kashani,
 Qutb Shirazi, Ragheb Isfahani, Ibn Hazm Andalusi, etc.etc. Yet, the world calls
them “Arab”, mistakenly. The most famous “Arab “Philosopher is “al-Kindi”.
While in Arabic language, there is no meaning for the word “Kind”, in
Persian, “kind” means 1) City(like “Tash-kind” kint/ Samar Kind/kint or “Ouz-
Kind/ kint 2) Kind also is the Persian word for “candy” in English, 3) Kand in
Persian means also “ champion”/sports man 4) Kanda in Persian, also means
“Philosopher”/ Scholar.
6) THE PERSIAN WHO DIED FOR WRITING BEST ARABIC
Everybody knows “Ibn Muqaffa ”(D. 760 A.D.) the genius young Iranian
writer, who became the victim of his own perfect writings in Arabic
literature; even better than the best Arab writers! He was sentenced to
death, by the Arab Caliph, and his body was cut to pieces, while he was still
alive, and burned in fire! His crime? Well:” You are writing so well, that no
other person can do. You are “competing” with the Holy Quran!” (ISIS/Daesh
101?)
“Ibn Muqaffa” was 36 years old, when he was brutally killed! He
wrote 15 books in Arabic and Persian, which are still being studied in many
Arab colleges and universities, as the classic texts. Here are some of them:1)
Kalilah and Dimnah 2) Adab al- Kabeer 3) Adab al- Sagheer 4)Mazdak 5) Taaj.
Etc.

7) “DICTIONARY” The Iranian Revolution in Arabic/Islamic Education

The first “Dictionary” in the Muslim world, was written by the Iranian
Muslim scholars, several hundred years ahead of the Jews, and the Christian West. (Ref.
Professor Hamza Yusof, the American Muslim Scholar/ Lecture/ Internet)

The first “Dictionary in the Muslim World” was the Arabic Dictionary
“Al-Ayn” by the Iranian Muslim Scholar, Khalil Bin Ahmad “Farahidi”/”Farhudi”( D 791 A.D.)The
family name “Farahid/ Farhud” is not Arabic, but Persian, made up of “Far” (= Glory/ Like “Far-
Rao”) He was born in “Oman”/ Au-man? A Satrapy of Iran for centuries), and he was raised in
“Basrah”/=Pas-raah/= meaning ‘by way’ in Persian/ the border city of modern Iraq( an Iranian
province since Cyrus the Great , 2500 years ago, up to 1534 A.D. being occupied by the
Ottomans) Farhidi’s parents were Persian Satrapies sent to rule in Yemen( an Iranian Satrapy
for centuries)by the Persian emperor, ANUSH RAVAN.This Farhudi Also trained another great
Persian scholar, and the father of Arabic Grammar, “SIBUYAH”. All this goes to show that
Farahidi was another “Pearl of Persia”.

After Farahidi, many other Persian Linguists created many other great Arabic and
Persian dictionaries. Some of those Persian-Arabic lexicographers, are: 1) Firuz Abaadi, of the
world renowned “al-Qamus” 2) Abu Fah’s Soghdi, 3)Asadi Tusi,4) Zamakh-Shari, etc.etc. That’s
why the “lexicographers” declared:

“The leading lexicographers in the Islamic world, were the Persians” (Ref.M.A.K.
Halliday,”Lexicography: A Short History”/Amazon Books/2019)

8)”PUBLIC BATH” A Persian Heritage

Before Islam, no tradition of public bath existed in Arabia. But the Persians used to
have the public bath in every city and even their villages! After the conquest of Iran, by the
Muslim Arabs, the public baths became a norm, in the Arab lands, too. It went up to Spain in
711 A.D. which surprised even the Queen Isabela of Castile! During the Ottoman Empire, this
Iranian tradition went into Turkish territories, and from there into Europe, and called “Turkish
Bath” (Just like the Iranian precious stone, that the Turks introduced to the Europeans as
“Turquoise”!)

9)”PUBLIC HOSPITAL SYSTEM” Another Persian Heritage

As we have quoted before, the historian “Cyril Elgood” writes:” The credit for the
first hospital system, goes to Persia” (Ref. Medical History of Persia”/ Amazon books/2019)

The Arabs/Turks and the Europeans/ copied this system, later. Here is the brief list
of some well-known hospitals:

1) The Persian public Hospital/”Gondi- Shapur/ 375 A.D./Iran/ Khuzestan.

2) The “Marestan”(=Persian for hospital) was in Jerusalem 595 A.D.( The “Muristan
Street still exists in old Jerusalem, today)
3) The first Public Hospital in Damascus, in 699 A.D. (Ref. Jurji Zaydan” The Islamic
Civilization”/ Cairo, 1969)
4) The first “Marestan” in Cair/Egypt, started in 782 A.D.
5) The first “Marestan” in Baghdad (= Bagh-Data/ Persian for “Gods-City) was
established in 9th Century, under the mainly Iranian Physicians… Al- Razi/
Rhazes/ and others.
6) The “Marestan” in Andalucia/ Spain/9th century
7) The “Marestan” in Damascus, Neishabur, Isfahan, Tabriz, etc. (24 Public
Hospitals, in the Muslim World) followed, long before the European learned
about it in 14th century and beyond. (Ref.Philipp Hatti “The History of The
Arabs”/ Amazon Books/2019)

Before ending this section, let me also add that, it was the great Persian
physicians like, Avicenna and Zakariyya Razi( The “ Ethanol”/Alcohol inventor)
who started making “Tablets with Sweet- colorful covers” to make taking
medicine less bitter, for everybody! That’s why Dr.Sigrid Hunke, the German
Scholar, wrote: “Every sweet-colored pill, that we take, reminds us of the two
 great Muslim Physicians----Avescina and Razi/Razes” (She forgot to say that both
of them were Persians!)Ref.Dr Sigrid Hunke “The Islamic civilization in
Europe”/Tehran/ 2009/p.50

10)THE “ARAB”/PERSIAN MUSICAL MAQAMS

The Iranian “artisans”, masons, craftsmen( =Forefathers of the “Free Masons” in Europe!), not
only changed the Arab tents, and mud houses, in to the palaces for the new Arab Caliphs, but
during their mason works, they started singing the classic “Persian songs” and thus, they were
able to introduce the art of music and song, in the Arab lands(e.g.”Qand Al-Farsi” or the
Persian Candy/ Singer, Bin Bash-Shar, etc.).This music was called “Maqam” (the eight
fundamental styles that has dominated the Arabic music, the Holy Quran recitation, the Azan
for prayer, since 1400 years up to now) before that, only the African musicians/ Ethiopians in
particular/ used to entertain the Arabs.

Actually, the basics of the Arabic music, the Holy Quran recitation, and
the call to prayer /=Adhan/”bang”/ are all Persian, both in their origins, as
well as in their names. Here are their Persian names, and a short
introduction:
1) Saba ( Musical Style)
2) Nahavand (=Nahavandiyyat in plural form) Nahavand is an ancient
city, in western Iran.
3) Ajam (=Aal-e Jam/ the children of King Jam- shid/ Yam/ Yama/
Yaman/ Yamuna, of ancient Iran) the word “ajam” in Arabic means
the non-arab/ dumb/ or people of other countries/ Barbarians!
4) Beyaad (not bayat!) it was “Be-yaad” which means “In- Memory” of
Isfahan/ Shiraz/ Kurd/ Turk, etc.
5) Sika (From the Persian “Seh-Gaah”/ 3rd level)
6) Hejaz ( the style, mostly used for azaan/ It’s named “hejaz” because
of religious reason,i.e. ‘azaan’)
7) Rast/Raast ( Strait)
8) Kurd/ “Kurdish”/ Median/Iranian.
(Note: The acronym of these eight Maqams in Arabic Letters, has
been created as: Initials “S”/N/A/B/S/H/R/K) or ‫صنع بسحرک‬
These eight Persian Musical Maqams, are called “Arabic”, just as
the 1,001 Persian Stories were introduced, to the world as “The
Arabian Nights” by the Arabs, or some ignorant European
translators. The same goes for the so-called “Arabian Horse ”or
even the “Arab Poet Omar Khayyam”(whose poems are all in
Persian, with not a single line in Arabic)or the Arab physician
“Avicenna”( who was born in Balkh of Persia, and died in Persia,
and his tomb is in the Iranian city of Hamadan, today!)
 Going back again to the “Maqams”,there are some 50 more sub-maqams, or
other musical terms, with the Iranian names and origins, like :1) Nava/ Nawa,2) Zanjaran/
Zangaraan,3)Be-Yaad Shiraz, Beyaad Isfahan, Be-yaad Kurd, Be-Yaad Turk, etc.4)Del-
Navaaz( Heart Soothing 5) Do- Kah (Doh –Gaah)6) Sika(Seh- gaah)7) Jaar-kah ( Char- gaah)8)
Banj-kah( Panj-gaah) 9) Haft-kah, ( Haft-gaah)10) Auj ,11) Aushaar, 12) Mahur,13) Dashti,14)
Shoor, 15) Takht, 16) Dabkah (From the Avestan “ Dab” meaning animal skin) 17) Tablah
18)Daff, 19) Chang 20) Gitar 21) Tonbak 22) Santur 23 ) Nay 24) Oud(= Wood in English)25 )
Hejaz “Diwan” 26 ) Hejaz “Kar- Kard” 27)Hejaz Homayun,28) Bastah 29)Khosh
Rank/Rang,30)Khonabad/Khonabat,31)Amaan(=Amon/Ameen!)32)Janum/janam/33)Daad-
Bidaad,35) ,etc. etc. Pls. see my research, on the Internet, entitled “The Arabic Maqams,
Another Persian Heritage?”www.independent. academia.edu. Ph. Prof. M.S. Tajar/
www.scribd. M.S.Tajar)

AVESTAN WORDS IN ARABIC/ HADITH/ QUR’AN

b) IN ARABIC LANGUAGE

There are thousands of the Avestan/Iranian words in Arabic,

today (probably up to 10,000 in different forms). Here are a few examples:
1) Khandaq, 2) Manjaniq, ) Meghnatis, 3)Arroz/ Rice, 4) Khonya/ Ghina, 5)
Shahin, 6) Baaz,7) Khwan ,8) Khawaja,9) Sukkar,10) Diwan,11) Nikah( nik-
khaah) 12) Wat’y ( khu-ved/ wedding in English!)13)Mehrajan ( Mehragan=
Mithra -Kana)14) Namuzaj (= Nemunah)15) Foloos( pool=money)16)
Baqlawa/ Baklawa in English, from the Persian “Pahlava” 17) Khuza (=Khud,
also “ hood” in English!)18) Madinah (also in Spanish as Medina! From the
Medio-Persia) 19) Barda-ah (Parthava/ Partha)20) Azar-
Bijaan( Azirbaijan)21) Shishan (= Chechnia/ Sasania!)22) Tiflis
(=Tabriz/Tafresh/ Tabres) 23) Comeh(= Qom!)24) Kufah (=Kupah) 25)
Basrah (= Pas-raah= out of the way!) 26) Rauzaq (= Rudah/ Dish) 27)Kharboz
( Melon/which became “Calabasa” in Spanish, too!)28) Diwan ( Tax Office/
Arabic”al-Diwan”/ in Spanish ‘Aduana’29) Al-Kimia(alchemy/ Chemistry
from Persian “siim”/ silver)30) Daniq/ Dawaniqi/(=Dank/Dang/
Percentage)31) Baarrah(Birun/ Biruni)32) Al-Barid (Postal system)33)
Marzaban( Governor)34) Barnaamaj(Barnaamah)35) Amrad/Mordaan(=
Amard/ not a Man)36) Tarikh 37) Ruz- naamaj) 38) Sakk/ Sokuk (=Chek/
Shah)39) Suftaja (=Check) Nabiz (Liqure)40)Naskh ( nask)41) Ameen
(Oum/Ouma/ Amon!)42) Faraanaq(Parvanah)43) Marestan( Bi-marestan/
Hospital,44)Rustaq ( Rusta)45)Dehqan/Dahaqin,46) Khanjar (=Khun-Gar)47)
Ka-kah(Kaak=Cake) 48) Za-faraan(= Zar-Paran)49)Deen(=dae-na)50)
Seraat(=Chenut)51) Qat-ah/ Kat/Kar/ Karpa 52) Haraam (=Ha-Raam?/
 Ahraam?/ Aaa-raam?/Raam?)53) Zar-kash/Jarkas=Char-kash=Sar-
kash=Eagle, the title of the Persian tribes in Caucasia) 54) Hindasah( From
the Persian, ‘Ha-Andazah”)55) Mohandes/ Engineer/ from the Persian ‘Ha-
Andazah’56)Ibn Maja(=Maji!)57) Majid (=Maji)58 ) Majd (=Magh)59)
Mukh/Brain(=Magh)60) Demagh(=Magh)61)Hajin(=Ha-Agin= Mixed Race)
62) Al-Anbiq(=Anbik)63)Alkohl(= Al-Gol/ Flower/ Grass/ Ethenol)64) Shal-
jam( Shal-gham)65) Naft 66) Ward(Barg)67) Mihraab(= Mehr-Aba= Mithra-
Aba)68)Somaq ( Somak)69)Filfil(=Pel-Pel=Spices)70)Fil(=Pil)71)Abnoos,72)
Dostoor ,73) Fondoq,74)Khan,75)Baba (Papa)76)Kahraba(=means
‘electricity’)76) Khulafa “Raashidin= Raast-Din/ Right-Religion=The
Zorastrian Persian term for”Right-Doer!”/ Good Caliphs in early Islam)
77)Meghnatis(=Magnet in English=Magies’ Thing)78)Eshaa(=Evening
Prayer)79) Jaah(=Gaah/ Position/Place)80)Khadiv(=king of Egypt)81)
Zuti(Grandfather of Imam Abu Hanifa/Sunni Islam/Zuti means “Zoroastrian
Priest”82)Maja/ Ibn Maja/ Sunni Imam/ from “Maji”/ Magha/ Zoroastrian
Priest)83)Qand (= Kand/ Candi in English!)84)Qand/Like “samar Qand”=
Kand= Kandah= Persian for City)85) shay(=Chiz/Things)86)
Kharaaj)87)Marjan(From the Persian ‘ Margarita’/ Maragel/Margarine)88)
etc.etc.

c) IN “HADITH”

1) Thareed, 2) Bakh-Bakh/ Bah-Bah (Wow, Wow, in English!) 3)Ridh-wan/Roz-

baan ( including Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia!)4)Rizq/ Ruzi/Ruchik 5)Taj/
Taag,6)Jauhar and Jawaher/ Gauhar,7) Arus ( =white/ silver, like Argentin!/
Don’t cry for me…)8)Mahr( Mehri/ Mithra Commitment)9)Adab/Adib( = Dab
means skin/ derm/ early writing papers)10) Dabir( see Adab),11)Talisman(=
Talish-an)12)Rish (Rishi in India!)13) Tajwid (of Quran Recitation) from “Gaat”/
Gita/ guitar in English!)14)Tibb/Tabib/Tab/ (in Tibet!)15) Isfinaj (Spinach in
English!)16) Suq(= Char-Suk)17) Rafdh (Refuse in English!) 18) Aal (=Eil)19)
Karraar(= Kard)20)Mukh(-Magh’z/ Mogh/Moghaan)22)Tijaan(Taaj/Taag)23)
Waqt (Vakht)24)Jaur (Zoor)25) Zoor ( Zoor)26 Hoor(Hoor)27) Ma-naa/
Mana(Minu)28) Raudhah ( Ruz/ Rood)29)Khoraafah,30)Kharaaj 31) Jizya
( Gazit)32 ) Masjid ( Mazget/ Mazdaa- Kadah)33)Diwan (=Divan/ Aduana in
Spanish!)34) Amir (= Mir/ Naa Mir/ Nim-rud) 35) Haaman, 36) Qaarun, 37)
Majus, 38)Ebraheem (Brahmin)39)Kesaa/Kisaa (=Kaazah in Persian/Cassock in
English!/ Case/ Casa/Casino in Spanish) 40)Karrar (= Kar/Kard/ Kardan/
Tekraar)41) Sharq (=Cheraagh)42) Sukraan/ Muskiraat(= Shakar/ Sugar in
English!)43) Hobal/ Ha- BAL/ Ha- Ba-al) 44) Bali/ Balaa/= Baleh/ Ba-al) 45)
Mihrab(=Mehrab=Mithra-Aba)46) Eshaa(=Evening Prayer)47) Shay(=Chiz/
Things)48)Kharaaj,49)Shaikh (=Shah)49) Shahwah (=Shah) 50) Marjan(From
the Persian ‘Marajan/ Margal=Margarita/Margarine)51)etc. etc.
 d) IN THE QURAN

According to the Arab scholars like “imam Sayuti/Prominent linguist of Arabic/ as well
as Shaikh Jawaliqi,/ Shaikh Raaghib Esfahani/ Lebanese scholars of Arab literature,
like “Ady Shir”/ and Dr. Al-Munjid,/ and the Iranian scholars/ Linguists, like A.A. Deh-
khoda, /Imam Shush-tari, /B. Khorram-Shahi, etc. there are more than 200 non-
Arabic( Mostly Avestan/ Persian ) words, in the Holy Quran.
Those 200 plus words (With different Arabicized forms) have been repeated in
different shapes and forms, in 4, 000 places, out of the 6,236 verses in the Holy
Qur’an. Here are a brief list of some of those words:
1) Ferdaus( =Pardis/ Paradise in English!)Sarabil(=Shalvar, Scherivalis in
English!)3)Fil(=Pil= Elephant) 4)Sejjil(= sang-gel/stone)
Sejjin(=Zendan/jail)6)Estabraq (= Setabr/silk)7)Arsh(=Ark/Arg,8)Burj
(=Burg), 9) Ben/Ibn(= Bon=seed, like Ben in Benjamin),10)Misr
( =Mudrai=Mithra= Egypt!),11)Assama(= Aasman= Sky)12) Marjan(= Pearl)
13) Deen( Deana= religion)14) Seraat(=Sarak=Way=Path)15) Seraaj(=
Cheraagh= Lamp)16) Meshkaat(= Lamp Stand)17) Mesk(=Musk) 18)
Zabaniyah( Hell Guards)19)Barzakh (Pardak/Pardah)20)Kanz(=Ganj/
Ganga/=Treasure)21) Deen(= De-na/ Diana/ Vejdaan/ Conscience)22)Salib
(=Chalipa = Cross),23)Ifrit(=Afrideh= Afrodite),23)Qaryah (= Korah=
Town),24) Jonaah(= Gonaah= Sin) 24) Jizya(= Gazit= Taxes)25)Harut(=
Khordad) 26)Marut (= Mordad)27) Shaker (= Chaker),28) Sherk (= Cherk)
29)Kaafur(=Camphor)30)Sanam(= Shaman)31)Na’l(=Nail , also in
English!)32)Rij’s(=Zisht)33)Yaqut( Yakand) 34) Sarmad
(Sarmat)35)Abariq(Abriz)36)Sundus(=Silk) 37)Zanjabil
(=Ginger)38)Zank(=Tang)38)Majus (= Majies)39) Qissis(= Keshish)40)
Waraq ( Barg)44) Sabah(=Pegaah) 45) Wardah (= Bargah) 46) Raudha (
Rose Garden)47)Sihr (= Shauhar)48)Dinar(= Dinarius) 49) Abad (Aabaad/
ever) 50)Sarab (Mirage)51)Daar (= Darakh’t) 52)Mihrab (= Mithra Abaa)
53) Abqari (= Aab Kaari)54) Sakhat (Sakh’t) 55) Bayan (= Payaam) 56)
Burhan( Pruhan)57) Jund ( Ghund/ Ghunda/ Gundah)58) Auzaar (=Afzaar)
59) Qirtas(= Karbas) 60) Shay (Cheez) 61) Qobur (=Goor) 62)Mizaan
( Vazn)63) Ajam ( Aal-e Jam)64)Nahy (Nah/= No)65) Zinah (Aadinah) 66)
Sard ( Zerah) 67) Kaffal (Kapal) 68) Tajas-sus ( Jasoos) 69) Ka’s ( Kazah) 70 )
Zamharir( Zamestaan) 71)Ghelmaan( Gul-maan/= like flower) 72) Juruf
( Jharf)73) Khair ( Khor/ khub) 74)Dirham ( Deram) 75 )Tab-Bat ( =
Tab) 76) Zor-riyya (Zar/ Zar-ra)77) Nadhar ( Negar) 78) Salat ( Salute/ =
Namaaz= Namaste in India)79) Ka-bah (= Cube/ Cubicle) 80)Kawa-eb ( =
Cube)81) Bagh-tah( = Bagh/ God’s Will) 82 ) Qasr (=
Qaysar/Kasra) 83) Mashriq ( = Cheraagh) 84) Naskh ( Nas’k) 85) Qamis (=
Chemise) 86)Qisas/(Qissah= Katch-ka) 87) Eemaan(= Oma/Om in India/
 Amon in Egypt/ Amen in Jewish,Christianity and Sunni Islam, too) 88) Kuw-
Wirat (= Kuur/ Cover)89) Namareq (= Narmak/ Narm) 90) Wah’y (= Euy)
Wat’y (= Khu- vatu/ Vetu/= Wedd in English!) 91) Asfia (= Aspid/ Sepid) 92)
Hawary(= Ha –Wary = Student) 93) Najes (= Nasu)
94) Yam (=Yam/ Yamuna/ Jam) 95) Saa-ah (= Chakhat/ Tasu) 96) Qurban (=
Karpan) 97) Kar-ra (= Kardan= Tekrar)98) Shah-Wah(= Shah/ Shad) 99) Zur (=
Zur) 100) Qala-id (= Kelid/ Key) 101) Mathal (= Matal/ Myth) 102) Bakh’s (=
Bakh-shish)103) Qarn (= Karna/ Surna/ Zurna)104 ) Qaswara (=Keshvar) 104)
Ajr (= Arj/Arz) 105 Jahan-nam (= Chah- nam/ Kah-nam) 106 ) Zarabi (= Zar-
aabi = Persian carpet) 107) Zaniya/ Zaan (= Zan= Gene)108) Arsh(= Arshia)
109) Oswah (= Aasaa/Olgu) 110)Abkaara/ Bakirah/ (= Pakizah)111)Fitnah (=
Pitna)112) Tan-nur (= Naar) 113) Naar (= Anaar) 114) Noor (= Naar= Luz=
Light)115)Saraadiq (= Saraa-pardah/ Sar-taaq/ Sar-daab?)116) Sar-mad(= Sar-
aamad)117) Shaikh (= Shah) 118) Bastah (= Pustah)119) Ma-qaam (= Gaam or
Jaam)120)Firaun/Pharao(= Far= farzand=child+ Ra= the sun god= the child of
sun-god)121 ) Masjid (= Mazget= Mazda Kadah)122)Sharaab(= Shar-Au/
Zaraab)123)Nah’s(= Nasu/ Najis)124)Saif ( Sepid-Bar)125) Marrah (= Karrah/
Karr)126) Qaarun(= Kaaran/ Kaarun)127)Awwal (= Aah- vah)
128) Thalaath(=Seh…)129)Yudabbir(= Dab/ Dabir)130 Ya-juj/ Ma-juj (= Magh/
Majus)131) Khayr (Khor/ Khorasan)132) Eed (=Yaad/ Yaad Vashem)133)
Yaseen(= Yasna/ Yasn/ Jashn)134) Habak / Hobok 135)Wazir (= Vachir)136)
Majid (= Magh/Maghi,137)Maulid(=Milad/ Yalda/ Mitra-daad)138) Kahf
=Qaaf( Cave in English!)139) Ba-al(= Bagh/Bagha)140) Ahl (= Aal/Eil)
141)Eimaan(= Amah/ Aum/ Amon/ Amen!) 142) Mo-min (=
Eimaan)143)Shaytan (= Shatana) 145) Ankara (= Angara Maynu)146)
Munkar(= Angara Maynu)147) Nakeer(= Angara Maynu)148)Azaan (=Aa-
zin=Aa-yin)149) Jibt (=Qibt/ Copt/ Egypt!)150) Ankabut( =Ankabud)
151) Wadi(Valley in English!/ Guada.. in Spanish!)152) Yazid (= Zaad/ Zaa-
idan)153)Taaghut(= Tagh/ Bagh/Baghistan)154) Bagha/ Bagh’y(= Baghwan!)
155) Qaus(= Qouch)156) Karrah (=
Chaarah)157)Oruj(=Arj/Arzes)158)Tabaq(Tabuk)159)Rizq(Ruzi/Ruchik)160)Qa
dam(Gaam)161)Shakar(Chaaker)
162)Shaakilah(Shikl/Sekkeh)163)Amr(Mir/Amir)164)
Shubbiha(Shab/Shabah/Ashbaah)165)Motashabih
( Shab/Shabih)166)Khabir(Khu-Bar)167)lajju/ lajj/
Lojji(Lag)168)Wazna(Vazn)169)Montadherin(Nadhar/
Negar/Negaresh,170)Yonfu/ Nafy(Nah/Nahy)
171) Nahy(Nah)172)Foraat(=Shirin)173)Faraj(=Faraagh)174)Farah(=Farr/Farra
Izadi)175)Hawa(=Hava)176)Saqf(Sagh/Saqq)
177)Jazaa(Sezaa)178)Jaur(zour)179)Hujuraat(Hugra/Yukrat)180)Kharaaj(Ha-
raaj/Ha-baaj)181)Tareeq(Tareek/Trek ,in English/
 Hebrew)182)Aziz(Aazhizh)183)Mawaaqit(Waqt/Vakht)184)Mauqutaa ( Waqt/
Vakht)
185)Fauj(Paug/ in English and German= Putch)186)
Afwaajaa(Fauj)187)Qadeem
(Qadam/=Gaam)188)Kareem(Geraami)189)Waraa(Faraa)190)Nofura(Nefrat)1
91)Mau-Idhah/Ya-idho-kom(= “Wise” in Aryan Languages)192)Majus
(Magush/ Magh/ Maji in English)193)Mauzoon
( Vazn)194)Nasak(Nask)195)Haamaan 196)Qaarun 197) Ebraahim (Brah-Man/
Brahmin in English/ Hindi/Sanskrit)198) Azar(Azar/ AzarBaijan/Aag in
Sanskrit/ Hindi/ Ether in English!)199) Qistaas(=Justice/ Right/
Raast),200)Sukaara( Shakkar/ Sugar in English!),201) Kasaunaa(=Kesaa/
Kaazah/ Ka’s/ In English “Case”/ Cassock/ In Spanish “Casa”/ Casino),202)
Balaa (= Ba-al/ Ba-li),203),”BIS”millaah(=Pa-Naam Izad/ in Persian BEH…., In
Russian PA…., like “Pa-Ruski….Pa-Angliski…)204)Dhank / Dhankaa/
(=Tang)205) Esm/Ism (=Basmah/ Vasmah 206) Yaasin (= Yasna/ Jashn=
Setaayesh/ Pray/Praise)207 Ashab “Ras”/Aras People/Russian Tribes)
208)Wardah(=Bargah)209) Mihrab(=Mehr-Aba= Mithra-Aba
210)Qistaas(=raasti/ Justice,) 211) Gharaaniq/ Gharnuq/ from Aryan
“Crane”/Greek “Geranos”/German “Krahn”/Kranich/English”Crane/
Cron/Oxford Dictionary says:”It means “Crown”212) Eshaa(=Evening)213)
Soor(=Sor-na/Korna/Qarna)214)Kharaaj) 215)Shay(=Chiz/=Things)216)Marjan
(From the Avestan ‘Margarite’?Marjan=Corals/Pearls)etc.etc.

There are many other Avestan/ Persian words in the Holy Qur’an
(which had entered the Arabic language, even before the advent of Islam) but
those words need more technical debates, and linguistic explanations, that’s
beyond this paper.

PERSIAN WORDS IN ENGLISH

This part, must have been included in the European section, but
because of the debate over the existence of the “Persian words in other languages”, I would
like to remind our readers that:
It’s not only in Arabic ( or Hebrew, which are both Semitic languages, and both of them
contain lots of the Avestan/ Persian words) but more so is English, and other European
languages, like Greek, French, Spanish, Portuguese as well as the Slavic Languages (like
Russian) that are using many Persian words, because all of them share the same Aryan roots.
In English today, there are more than 1,000 Avestan/Pahlavi and Persian words, some
examples are as follows:
1)Pedar (Father) 2) Madar ( Mother)3)Baradar(Brother) 4) Dokhtar (Daughter) 5)Behtar
( Better)6) Behesht ( Best)7) Pardis (Paradise)8)Khub ( Good) 9 )Khoda ( God) 10 Khud (Hud)
11) Toh ( Thau) 12 ) Doh ( two)13)Seh( Three), 13 ) Six ( Shesh) 14) Hasht ( Eight) 15) Noh
( Nine)16)Dah(=Ten/Dutch!)17) Davaz-dah(=Twelev/Dozen)18)Sizdah(=Thirteen)19) Char-dah
(=Fourteen) 20) Panzdah(Fifteen)Shanzdah ( Sixteen)21) Heft-Dah(Seventeen)22)Hizh-
Dah(Eighteen)23)Nouz-Dah (Nineteen)16) Nah (No) 17)Na’l (Nail)18) Lab( Lips) 20) Posht
(post/ past/ back)21)Andar (Enter)22)Fresh Kard ( To Freshen) 23) to cut/ = kat= Kar=
karpa/24)Alanbiq (from the Arabic, but ultimately, the Persian
‘Anbik’)25)Trabodoures(=Persian “Tarab”/ music 26)Man(=Mind/ Human)27)Mantra,
28)Alcohol( From the Arabic, but ultimately from the Persian ‘ al- Gol’/ gol= flower/ grass/ this
was discovered by the Persia scientist/ Chemist/ Physician, ZAKARIYYA RAZI/ Rhazes in 13 th
century A.D.) 29)Aryans=Iranians= Nobles)30)Quarter (=Char/Charak)31)Doctor(=Dostoor=
Wiseman/Minister in Zoroasrianism),32)Ace(Aas) ,33)
Spinach,34)Sepoy(=Sepaahy)35)Pope(=Papa/Baba)36) Cave(Kauh/from
Caucasus)37)Cassock(Kaz/Kasa/Casa)38)Dervish39)Kabob(Kabaab)40)Caravansaray,41)Boomb
ast/pompous(=Panba/
Cotton)42)Jackal(Shaghal)43)Ether(Athar/Azar),44)Caviar,45)Turban46)Carafe(Qarrabeh)47)
Kareez,48)Balcony(=Baala Khaneh/ Balkans)
49)Shishah,50)Prestige(Parastesh)51)Priest(Frestadeh/Disciple/Freshte/Parastesh)52)Mourn/
Mourning (=Moora/Zanja-Moorah)53)Tulip(-Doh-Lab)54)Shame(Sharm)55)Lily(Nili/Nilu-
Par)56)Taffeta,57)Amber (Anbar)58)Musk (=Mash’g)59) Right (=Raast)60) Robbery(=Rob-
budan)61)Cypress(=Sarv)62)Bouquet(Boq-Cheh/ Book-
Che/Bound)53)Here(Eider)54)Year(Yar)55)Magazine(=Makh-zan/Khazina/Ganjinah)61)
Easy( Aasaan)62)Narcissus(Narges/Narjes)63)Shaman(Sanam/Ataman)64) Drug(=Daru/
Drakht=Wood/Grass)65)Mass(Meh/Mah)66)Spy/Espinage(=Espaso)67)Partisan (=Parthian
Fighter)68)Quinine(=Gana-Gana)69) Calabsh/Calabasa in Spanish(=Kharboza)69) Chamber
(=Chambar/Camera, too)70)Candy(=Qandi)71)Juleb (=Golab)72)Chakra( Charkh/
Karkha)73)Anger(Angara Maynu)74) Rice (=Riceh/Risheh)75)
Cinnabar76( Galingale(Khalanjan)77) Baugh (=Baagh)78)Dark (=Taarik)79)Marry( From the
Avestan term ‘Mahri’/Mahriyya/ Mithra /Godess of commitmensd and bonds)80)etc.etc. (For
more details, pls. see my research on the Internet titled: “Persian Words in English, Filipino,
and Arabic and in the Holy Qur’an” www. Independent. Academia. Edu. Ph. Prof. M.S. Tajar/
www. Scribd. M.S.Tajar)
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD WITH PERSIAN NAMES
There are many countries, cities or lands, around the world, that have been either
conquered or at least, named by the Persian Empire, since 3, 000 years up to the modern
Period. There were 127 countries and territories, under the Empire, from a few decades up to
500 years or even thousands of years, like Afghanistan, Bahrain (up to the last 200 years/Just
before the British colonialists grab them) Pakistan, Hindustan (India) Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,
Qirqizistan, Azerbaijan, Chechnya (= Sasania), Bosnia, Yugoslavia, Bolivia, Surinam, and many
parts of Caucasus, before the Russian Tsars took them away,in 81th century, like Georgia and
Armenia, Iraq, Yemen and Oman, etc. Before them, Egypt and Palestine, as well as Greece and
Lydia, Macedonia etc. etc. Were also “Satrapies” (= Khash-tria) of the Persian Empire.
Therefore, a big number of those countries, as well as their cities, were named by the Persians.
Now, here are some of the most prominent and familiar names:1 ) all the countries ending in –
Istan/ Hindustan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Turkmenistan Azerbaijan(=Athur-Patkan!),
Tataristan, Kurdistan( in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria and Russia), regions like Nuristan, Waziristan ,
Rajasthan, Khalistan of the Indian Sikhs, Dagestan in Caucasus, are Persian names. Also, those
lands ending in –ia (the Aryan suffix for place= ja/ ya/ ia) are Persian names. A good example
is “Turkiya” (The official name of Turkey) the name “Turk” (in English torque!) is Persian, and
the ending – ia is also Persian. The same goes with Greece/ Ionia/ Yunan/ which comes from
the Persian term “Javan” (In Spanish “Joven”/ Italian “Jovanni” which in Aryan means “young
People”! Also Swiss (= Swisia= Susa)Haistan( Official Name of Armenia)Syria (=Suri= from
Persian “suri”=red )Irestan( Aryan/Iran Land/ autonomous part in Caucasia) Kuwait ( from
Persian “Kut” Kota/ Fortress/ Settlement, like “Quetta in Pakistan)Dutch(=Persian ‘Dah’= Ten/
the number of tents/ houses that made a settlement in early Aryan villages) etc.
CITIES, CAPITALS WITH PERSIAN NAMES

“Espania” (the Official name of Spain, probably from “ Espahania”/ Isfahan/Iran), cities of
“Cadiz” ( Qadesiyyah”/ Xerez ( Shiraz), Badajos ( Badakhsha) Madrid (= From “Maturid” in the
Central Asia/ Also from “Mudray” the original name of Egypt/ Mithra). The Eastern European
region of the “Balkan” from the Persian “Bala- Khaneh” ( which became Balcony in English!)
the “Punjab” state in India and Pakistan, from the two Persian words of “Panj= five + Aab=
water , meaning “Five Rivers”, Bash-Kurdistan in Russia, Crimea, Russia ,Qarah – Bagh,
Caucasus, Peshawar, Pakistan, Chaman, Haydar Abad, Quetta (= Cota/ Castle) Pakistan , Kuwait
(= Cota),Bukhara( of Imam Bukhari) Mozaffar Abad ( Pakistan/ Azad Kashmir) Faiz abad,
Jamshid Pour , Salman Pak, Sulaymaniyya, Nineveh, Tuz Khormato, Khuja Rabi, Erbil,
Khursabad, in Iraq,”Kufa”/ Kuupa/ Qubba /= Hillside/ Chafiyyah comes from here),”Shahr –
Zur”/ Shahr-Zuri, in Iraq, Samarqand, Tashkent, in Central Asia, Manila (= May-Nila= the
“Nilufar” land/ city of Lilies) Marawi (= city of “Marv”) in the Philippines /“Bandar “ Sri
Begawan “ Brunei,/ “Kuala”/ Qala/ Kala/ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia…’’Yaar- Naaz’ a city in the
Persianite part of China(Also known with its historic Persian name “Chinestan”/Sing-chian/
China- Land in Iran History. The word Yaar- naaz, literally means ‘Beloved- Lover’ in
Persian.’’Maraga’’/Maraagha/Maa-gaa(=Market Place/Ref.Dr
Sotudeh/Prof.Kasravi)Khaseeb(Iraqi Plaeatu/=From Persian ‘Khas’/=Khosh/Happy
Valey/Dr.Sotudeh/Kasravi)

Actually, there are much more to share, but the limitation of this research doesn’t allow it.
(For more details, you may visit www. Independent. Academia. Edu. Ph. Prof. M.S. Tajar/
www. Scribd. M. S. Tajar “Contribution of Persia to World Civilization”).

REFERENCES:
1) “Prof. Arthur Pope, “The Persian Civilization”, New York, 1950
 2) Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, “The Prometheus and Atlas”, New York, 2018
3) Dr. Jason Reza Jorjani, “Iranian Leviathan”, Amazon Book Store, 2019
4) Dr. Zardosht Sotudeh, Iranologist, London, Lecture Series/ Internet/ 2020
5) A.A. Deh-Khoda, Encyclopedia Iranica, Tehran, 2012
6) Sa-idyan,: IRAN, Land and the People”, Tehran, 2000
7) Dr. Mohammad Iqbal, “The Development of Metaphysics in Persia”, Munich, Germany,
1908/, Pakistan, 1978
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