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176 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES dc CIRCUITS

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SECTION 5.4 Power Distribution in a Series Circuit 13. Repeat Problem 12 for the circuit in Fig. 5.97.
12. For the circuit in Fig. 5.96, constructed of standard value 14. Find the unknown quantities for the circuits in Fig. 5.98 us-
resistors: ing the information provided.
a. Find the total resistance, current, and voltage across 15. Eight holiday lights are connected in series as shown in
each element. Fig. 5.99.
b. Find the power delivered to each resistor. a. If the set is connected to a 120 V source, what is the cur-
c. Calculate the total power delivered to all the resistors. rent through the bulbs if each bulb has an internal resis-
d. Find the power delivered by the source. tance of 281⁄8 ?
e. How does the power delivered by the source compare to b. Determine the power delivered to each bulb.
that delivered to all the resistors? c. Calculate the voltage drop across each bulb.
f. Which resistor received the most power? Why? d. If one bulb burns out (that is, the filament opens), what
g. What happened to all the power delivered to the resistors? is the effect on the remaining bulbs? Why?
h. If the resistors are available with wattage ratings of 16. For the conditions specified in Fig. 5.100, determine the un-
1/2 W, 1 W, 2 W, and 5 W, what minimum wattage rat- known resistance.
ing can be used for each resistor?

R1 R2
R1 R2 R3

22  10 
3 k 1 k 2 k
–
+ E 20.5 V R3 47 
E 120 V +
–
R4

3

FIG. 5.96 FIG. 5.97

Problem 12. Problem 13.

P=8W
+ V1 – + V2 –
P = 21 W
1A 2 1 I R1 R2 P=4W
+ + +
E R V3 E 1
– – – RT = 16 

(a) (b)

FIG. 5.98
Problem 14.

R1 R2

2 4 24 W
+
E 24 V R
–

FIG. 5.99 FIG. 5.100

Problem 15. Problem 16.
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S PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 177

SECTION 5.5 Voltage Sources in Series 18. Determine the current I and its direction for each network in
Fig. 5.102. Before solving for I, redraw each network with a
17. Combine the series voltage sources in Fig. 5.101 into a sin-
single voltage source.
gle voltage source between points a and b.
19. Find the unknown voltage source and resistor for the networks
in Fig. 5.103. First combine the series voltage sources into a
single source. Indicate the direction of the resulting current.

a
– – 10 V + + 18 V – – 8V +
4V a
+
–
6V
b
a b +
– 4V + – 8V + + 12 V – – 8V + + 6V –
b
– 12 V +

+ 8V –
(a) (b) (c)

FIG. 5.101
Problem 17.

+ 16 V – – 4V + – 18 V +

I
4.7 
+ –
8V 4V 1.2 
– +
4.7  5.6  5.6 
I

– 12 V +
(a) (b)

FIG. 5.102
Problem 18.

+ E – 3 k – 10 V + – 12 V +

P = 8 mW R
+ –
2 mA R 16 V 2 k 4V
– +
+ 20 V –

– E +
(a) (b)

FIG. 5.103
Problem 19.
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178 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES dc CIRCUITS

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SECTION 5.6 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 22. Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law, determine the unknown volt-
ages for the series circuits in Fig. 5.106.
20. Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law, find the unknown voltages
for the circuits in Fig. 5.104. 23. Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law, find the unknown voltages
for the configurations in Fig. 5.107.
21. Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law, determine the unknown volt-
ages for the configurations in Fig. 5.105.

– 4V + – 20 V + + 10 V – + 4V –

+ + + + + +
10 V 3V 30 V 8V 16 V R V
– – – – – –
R

– V + + 60 V –
– V +
(a) (b) (c)

FIG. 5.104
Problem 20.

+ 12 V – + V – + 14 V –

+ + + –
60 V 20 V + 6V 2V –
– – E – + 18 V
– +

(a) (b)

FIG. 5.105
Problem 21.

+ 6V –
+ V2 –

+ 5.6 k –
+ + 8V
10 V
10 V + V1 +
–
– V2 – +
– E 24 V
– +
V1 2.2 k
–

(a) (b)

FIG. 5.106
Problem 22.
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S PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 179

+ V1 – + 2V – + V1 – – 6V +

+
+
+ + +
20 V 10 V 10 V V2 2V
– – –
–
–
– 1V + – V2 + – 3V +
(a) (b)

FIG. 5.107
Problem 23.

SECTION 5.7 Voltage Division in a Series Circuit b. How much larger will voltage V3 be compared to V2
and V1?
24. Determine the values of the unknown resistors in Fig. 5.108
c. Find the voltage across the largest resistor using the volt-
using the provided voltage levels.
age divider rule.
25. For the configuration in Fig. 5.109, with standard resistor d. Find the voltage across the series combination of resis-
values: tors R2 and R3.
a. By inspection, which resistor will receive the largest
26. Using the voltage divider rule, find the indicated voltages in
share of the applied voltage? Why?
Fig. 5.110.

+ V1 – + V2 – + V3 –
+ 1V – + 50 V – + 100 V – R1 R2 R3

R1 = 2  R2 R3 100  1 k 8.2 k
+ +
E E 60 V + V –
– –

FIG. 5.108 FIG. 5.109

Problem 24. Problem 25.

20 

4 k 1 k + 2.5  + 1.5 
+ + +
2 k
30 V 40  V + 0.72 V V 0.6 
– – –
40 V V
–
–
3 k
0.5  0.9 
–

(a) (b) (c)

FIG. 5.110
Problem 26.
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180 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES dc CIRCUITS

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+ V1 – + 20 V – + V1 – + 10 V –

6 2 R1 + R2
+ + + +
E 4 V2 120 V 80 V R3 V3
– – – –
–

(a) (b)

+
R1 V1
+
–
1 V1
–
+
+ + 16 V 2
E 2 V2 –
– +
– 6V
+ + –
100  1000 V 2 V2
– –

(c) (d)

FIG. 5.111
Problem 27.

+ 2V – + V2 – + 12 V –
2 k 6 k
R1 R2 R3

1 k 2 k + +
+ + 20 V R 4V
E R4 3 k V4 – –
– –
I

(a)
FIG. 5.112
Problem 28.
3

– –
140 V 100 V 6
27. Using the voltage divider rule or Kirchhoff’s voltage law, + +
determine the unknown voltages for the configurations in
Fig. 5.111. R
28. Using the information provided, find the unknown quanti- (b)
ties of Fig. 5.112.
*29. Using the voltage divider rule, find the unknown resistance FIG. 5.113
for the configurations in Fig. 5.113. Problem 29.
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S PROBLEMS ⏐⏐⏐ 181

30. Referring to Fig. 5.114. *34. a. Design the circuit in Fig. 5.117 such that
a. Determine V2. VR2  3VR1 and VR 3  4VR 2.
b. Calculate V3. b. If the current is reduced to 10 mA, what are the new val-
c. Determine R3. ues of R1, R2, and R3? How do they compare to the re-
sults of part (a)?

+ 4V – + V2 – + V3 –
I R1 R2 R3
10 mA

10  20  R1 R2
+
+
E 40 V
– E 64 V R3
–

FIG. 5.114 FIG. 5.117

Problem 30. Problem 34.

31. a. Design a voltage divider circuit that will permit the use SECTION 5.9 Notation
of an 8 V, 50 mA bulb in an automobile with a 12 V elec-
trical system. 35. Determine the voltages Va, Vb, and Vab for the networks in
b. What is the minimum wattage rating of the chosen re- Fig. 5.118.
sistor if 1/4 W, 1/2 W, and 1 W resistors are available?
32. Design the voltage divider in Fig. 5.115 such that
VR1  1>5VR1. That is, find R1 and R2.

+ 72 V –
R1 R2

4 mA 12 V
Va Vb

FIG. 5.115 + – –
Problem 32. 8V
+

(a)

33. Find the voltage across each resistor in Fig. 5.116 if R1 

2R3 and R2  7R3.

Va Vb
+ –– + – +
20 V 6V 4V
+
R1 V1
– (b)
+ +
E 60 V R2 V2
– – + 10 V Va Vb
+ – + + – +
R3 V3 3V 21 V 6V
– –

(c)

FIG. 5.116 FIG. 5.118

Problem 33. Problem 35.
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182 ⏐⏐⏐ SERIES dc CIRCUITS

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36. Determine the current I (with direction) and the voltage V 39. Given the information appearing in Fig. 5.122, find the level
(with polarity) for the networks in Fig. 5.119. of resistance for R1 and R3.
37. Determine the voltages Va and V1 for the networks in Fig. 40. Determine the values of R1, R2, R3, and R4 for the voltage di-
5.120. vider of Fig. 5.123 if the source current is 16 mA.
38. For the network in Fig. 5.121 determine the voltages: 41. For the network in Fig. 5.124, determine the voltages:
a. Va , Vb , Vc , Vd , Ve a. Va , Vb , Vc , Vd
b. Vab , Vdc , Vcb b. Vab , Vcb , Vcd
c. Vac , Vdb c. Vad , Vca

30  4V
I –70 V Va
I 10 
+ – +
20  +
6 3 V + V1 – Va –8V
16 V 20  V1
– – + 12 V 2.2 k – +
10  10 V
3.3 k
80 V 26 V
–10 V
V
(a) (b) (a) (b)

FIG. 5.119 FIG. 5.120

Problem 36. Problem 37.

+12 V

47 V R1
2 k 3 k
a b c d
+4 V
+ –
R2 8
+
20 V 4 k –4 V
–
R3
e
–8 V

FIG. 5.121 FIG. 5.122

Problem 38. Problem 39.

+48 V a 2 k
b
R1
R2 +
44 V 4 k
+12 V –
+ 16 mA
E 100 V R3 c
–
–
20 V 6 k
R4
+
–20 V d

FIG. 5.123 FIG. 5.124

Problem 40. Problem 41.