Unit 1  Lessons for life

A Tuareg tribesman at twilight, Libya

F E AT U R E S 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and these Tuareg proverbs.

What do the proverbs tell you about the Tuareg attitude to life?
10 Learning from the Better to walk without knowing where than to sit doing nothing.
past
In life, it is always possible to reach agreement in the end.
The lessons we learn from
the past Acquiring things you do not need will kill you.

2 1 Listen to two people talking about important lessons

12 What makes us who they have learned in life. Answer the questions.
we are?
1 What advice does each speaker now try to follow?
Understanding what makes 2 What experience led them to learn this lesson?
people who they are 3 Which lesson do you think a Tuareg person would agree
with? Why?
14 Immortal words
The language of 3 1 Complete the phrases the speakers use to describe the
Shakespeare life lessons they have learned. Then listen again and check.
1 The most lesson I’ve learned was …
18 Arctic wisdom 2 That’s become a sort of principle for me …
A video about how Inuit 3 A good rule of is …
elders pass on their 4 But it’s a lot easier than done …
knowledge 5 I always make a of not getting …

4 Think of an occasion when you learned an important lesson

or found a good way of doing something (e.g. about people,
friends, family, money, work, health, risk, fun). Describe what
happened. What did you do? What have you learned from it?

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 reading lessons in life  •  grammar time phrases  •  speaking your favourite saying

1a Learning from the past

Reading 3 Read the article again. According to the article, are the
sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 Work in pairs. Read the quotation.
1 Sometimes people don’t want to follow the lessons of
Do you think this is good advice? Is it easy
the past.
to follow? Discuss with your partner.
2 A lot of Chinese people feel that their society is not
Learn from the mistakes of others. You can’t interested in the past.
live long enough to make them all yourself. 3 China’s rapid development has begun to slow down.
4 Mandela was not opposed to violence in principle.
Eleanor Roosevelt, Diplomat
5 Nelson Mandela wanted the two sides in South Africa to
2 Read the article. Match the person (1–2) forget what had happened in the past.
with the type of lesson they taught (a–c). 6 The writer suggests that most people are too selfish.
There is one extra type of lesson.
4 Find words or expressions in the article with these meanings.
1 Confucius
1 show the right direction (para 1)
2 Nelson Mandela
2 period of significant growth (para 2)
a a lesson that is difficult to follow 3 do something as a result of information or advice (para 3)
b a lesson that has been misinterpreted 4 work hard towards a goal (para 4)
c a lesson that has been forgotten 5 copy someone’s behaviour (para 4)

L E A R N I N G F R O M government has become worried that people are becoming

more selfish and individualistic. Many Chinese have been
T H E P A S T saying for some time that the traditional values in society of
2
harmony, respect and hard work have been lost. Accordingly,
Why do we never seem to learn from the past? The mistakes a few years ago the government focused attention again on
or correct actions of others should point the way for us the teachings of Confucius.
in the future. But either we forget these lessons or we fail Prior to the 1990s, Confucianism had not been fashionable,
to follow them or, in some cases, we deliberately choose but in a country which is currently developing at a dizzying
to ignore them. Of all the lessons that we have to learn, speed, his teachings offer a sense of stability and order.
perhaps the most difficult is how not to be selfish or think Nowadays, people often talk about Confucius’ idea of a
only of ourselves. ‘harmonious society’, even if they do not always act on it.
In China, the government is trying to remind people of Sometimes it is difficult to learn lessons because the
the lessons given by Confucius, the ancient philosopher. standards of the ‘teacher’ are so high. This is certainly the
Because of China’s economic boom in recent years, the case with Nelson Mandela, who tried to spread the message
of reconciliation to two sides in South Africa who hated
and distrusted each other deeply. Mandela had always been
committed to peace, and while he was living in prison, he
decided that the only way to unite his divided country was
if the two sides could talk about what had happened in the
past and begin to rebuild some measure of trust. All those
who strive for peace know that in the long term they will
have to begin a dialogue with their enemy. Yet few are able
to follow the example set by Mandela, because it requires
such a high degree of unselfishness. It seems that heeding
this warning – not to be selfish – is perhaps the hardest
lesson of all for people to learn.
‘Consideration for others ‘If you want to make
is the basis of a good life, peace with your enemy,
a good society.’ you have to work with dizzying (adj) /ˈdɪziɪŋ/ very fast and confusing
Confucius your enemy.’ reconciliation (n) /ˌrek(ə)nsɪlɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ making peace and
Nelson Mandela re-establishing relations

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 Unit 1  Lessons for life

Grammar time phrases 7 Complete the conversations with the correct form
of the verbs. Use the time phrases to help you
TIME PHRASES decide which form to use.
Certain time phrases are commonly (but not always) used 1 A: How long (you / learn)
with certain tenses. Japanese? You speak it really well.
Present simple: often, never, every week, generally B: Thanks! I (start) having lessons
Present continuous: now, at the moment, this week two years ago. But I (learn) a
Past simple: two days ago, last week, at the time, when few words on a trip to Japan before that.
Past continuous: at the time
2 C:  (you / try) out the new gym
yet? I (go) last night. It’s great.
Present perfect simple: just, recently, so far, over the last
D: No. Every week I (tell) myself
two years, how long, for, since (2010), already, yet, ever,
never
I’m going to go, but I never
(seem) to make it. I’m sure I
Present perfect continuous: how long, for, just, recently,
(get) there in the end, though.
since
3 E: What (you / work) on
Past perfect simple and continuous: already, before that,
currently?
up to then
F: Well, for the last two weeks I
will, going to and present continuous for future: next (do) some work at the university computing
week, in three days / in three days’ time, soon, on Friday
department.
For further information and practice, see page 156. E: Oh, that explains it. I (see) you
outside the university building the other day.

5 Look at the grammar box and the time phrases 8 Complete the sentences by writing facts about
(1–8) below. Then follow the steps (a–b). yourself. Write one sentence which is not true.
Then work in pairs. Compare sentences with your
1 in recent years 5 currently
partner and try to guess the false sentence.
2 for some time 6 nowadays
3 a few years ago 7 while 1 My work? Currently, I …
4 prior to the 1990s 8 in the long term Currently, I’m looking for a new job.
2 I like seeing new places. A few years ago, I …
a Find the verbs that are used in the article with
3 In my free time, I usually …
each of the time phrases and identify the tenses.
4 I have never … , but I’ve always wanted to.
b Match the time phrases (1–8) with the tense in
5 I didn’t … last weekend, because I had already …
the grammar box.
6 I met my best friend when I … . I … at the time.
6 Complete the sentences with these time phrases. 7 I … for several years.
8 I don’t have the time or money at the moment,
at the moment   ​at the time   ​​ before that   ​ but sooner or later I …
ever   ​fifty years ago   ​for years   ​
in the coming years   ​nowadays   ​often   ​ 9 Complete the advice about life using these words.
over the last 25 years Then compare answers with your partner. Which
piece of advice do you like most? Why?
a 1
military service was compulsory
ever   ​​for   ​in   ​
never   ​​now   ​
while​
in the UK. But 2 young people
don’t have to go into the army. I think this will
1 Life is what happens you are making
change 3 because there is a feeling
other plans.
that young people need more discipline.
2 Value your friends. If you ignore them a
b 4 , people have definitely become
long time, they will start to ignore you.
more greedy. I’ve been saying 5
3 When you’re feeling stressed, ask yourself this
that it is not right for anyone to earn a hundred
question: five years, will the problem
times the average salary.
still seem so important?
c I’m having an interesting debate with my
4 No one has become poor by giving.
father 6 . He says that young
5 Get out more. A whole world of amazing
people don’t 7 show respect to
experiences is waiting for you right .
their elders anymore. But I don’t think you can
6 You should take yourself too seriously.
just demand respect; you have to earn it.
d When I was forty, I decided to stop working so
hard. 8 , I was working sixty hours Speaking my life
a week. It was the best decision that I have
9
made. 10 , I had had 10 Work in groups. Each write down two of your
no time to enjoy life. favourite (or least favourite!) sayings about life.
Then discuss your choices.

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 vocabulary and listening personality and identity  •  wordbuilding binomial pairs • 
pronunciation linking in word pairs  •  grammar the continuous aspect  •  speaking situations in your life

1b What makes us who we are?

A Paris painter next to his self-portrait

Vocabulary and listening 3 Look at these factors which can give people information
about you. Which do you think are the most significant?
personality and identity Number them in order (1–8) of importance.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and a your friends e your life experiences
caption. Discuss the questions. b your work f your interests/hobbies
c your age g your background
1 Why is the painter putting his
d your character h your beliefs and values
hands up?
2 What impression of the painter do 4 3 Listen to a sociologist describing how we define ourselves.
you get from his self-portrait? Tick (✓) the factors in Exercise 3 that he mentions. Which is
the most important, according to him?
2 Look at the expressions to describe
people. Answer the questions. 5 3 Listen to the talk again. Choose the correct option to
complete the sentences.
a control freak   ​a dreamer   ​
a driven person   ​a family person   ​ 1 The speaker thinks the question ‘What do you do?’ can
a free spirit   ​
a joker   ​ sound aggressive / judgmental as a conversation starter.
the life and soul of the party   ​ 2 Sally has been defined by her background because she
an outgoing type    didn’t grow up in the city / a normal family.
3 Sarah has dedicated her life to helping people who are ill /
1 What do you think each expression live in poor countries.
means? 4 The most important thing for John about his work is the
2 Which expressions do you think are challenge / security.
positive, negative or neutral? 5 Jack hasn’t been in a relationship since he was 34 / 25.
3 Give an example of someone you 6 Anne wants school children to eat better / more vegetarian
know who fits each description. food.

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 Unit 1  Lessons for life

Wordbuilding binomial pairs 9 Look at the grammar box. Which verb form in
bold describes something which:
WORDBUILDING binomial pairs
a is a current trend?
Certain pairs of words in English are irreversible, i.e. they b we expect to be happening (now or) in the future?
always appear in the same order. c started in the past and is still continuing?
rock and roll (never roll and rock), law and order d is the background to another more important
For further practice, see Workbook page 7 and 11. event in the past?
e was in progress up to a point in the past?
f happens regularly and is irritating?
6 Look at the wordbuilding box. Choose the correct
form of these irreversible word pairs (a–b). 10 Work in pairs. What is the difference in meaning, if
any, between these verb forms?
a He picks up pieces and bits / bits and pieces of
work as and when / when and as he can. 1 What do you do / are you doing?
b It seems that what defines people first and 2 My husband is always phoning / always phones
foremost / foremost and first is experience. me at work.
3 I’ve been reading / I’ve read the book you gave me.
7 Complete the word pairs using these words. 4 When I left school, I was working / worked at a
Discuss what you think each phrase means. restaurant at weekends.
5 This time next week, I’ll be sitting / I’ll sit on a
fro   ​games   ​large   ​​pains   ​quiet   ​sound   ​ beach in the Bahamas.
sweet   ​then   ​​wide 6 He had been working / had worked as a nurse
before he became a paramedic.
1 I need peace and to concentrate. 7 She was living / had been living / lived in
2 They all came back from their canoeing trip safe Germany before she moved to this country.
and . No one was injured, but most 8 California is eight hours behind us. Anne-Marie
of them had a few aches and . will be going / usually goes to bed now.
3 Try not to give a long talk. By and ,
it’s better to keep it short and . 11 Complete the sentences using the appropriate
4 People come from far and to see continuous form of the verbs.
Stonehenge. There are busloads of tourists
1 Marlon’s a fantastic football player, isn’t he?
coming to and all day.
I (watch) him playing
5 You think my job is all fun and ,
the other day. I expect in a few years he
but actually now and we do some
(play) professionally.
serious work too!
Apparently, some clubs
(already / watch) him.
8 Pronunciation linking in word pairs
2 Katja is such a great friend. Last week I
4 Listen to the word pairs in Exercise 7. (feel) really fed up about
Notice a) how the words are linked and work and she gave me some chocolates that she
b) the pronunciation of and in the word pairs. (save) for a special occasion.
Then practise reading the sentences. 3 Marta (get) very eccentric.
She keeps budgerigars and recently she’s
started letting them out of their cages; so they
Grammar the continuous aspect (fly) all over the house. I
THE CONTINUOUS ASPECT
(sit) in her kitchen the other
day and one flew down and landed on the table.
Present continuous
1 … you feel as if people are always judging you …
2 It’s now becoming a national movement. Speaking my life
Present perfect continuous
3 He has been saying that since he was 35.
12 Think of examples of the following things. Then
work in pairs and take turns to tell each other your
Past continuous
ideas and ask follow-up questions.
4 When his children were born, he was working as a
carpet salesman. • a habit of other people that irritates you
Past perfect continuous • two things that you imagine people you know
5 At one point, he had been intending to leave will be doing right now
the company … • a situation that you hope is temporary
Future continuous • something you haven’t finished but keep
6 In a few years, he won’t be moving about anymore. meaning to
• something you had been intending to do but
For further information and practice, see page 156.
then changed your mind

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 reading the language of Shakespeare  •  critical thinking purpose • word focus life • 
speaking call my bluff

1c Immortal words
Reading 6 Did the author state her purpose at any point?
In which of these writing types do you think it is
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. important for an author to begin by stating the
reason for writing?
1 Who are the most famous writers in your
country’s history? What did they write? • a description • a business report
2 What Shakespeare plays or characters can you • a job application • a personal letter
name? What do you know about them?
7 Do you think the author achieved her purpose?
2 Read the article. According to the author, why are Why? / Why not?
Shakespeare’s plays still so popular today?

3 Read the article again and answer the questions. Word focus life
1 What adjective describes what England was 8 Look at the article again. Find words or
like in Shakespeare’s time? (para 1) expressions with the word life that mean:
2 What new element did Shakespeare bring to
1 realistic (para 2)
play writing, according to Bloom?
2 for all one’s life (para 2)
3 Why does Hamlet find it difficult to make a
3 with a ‘big’ personality (para 3)
decision?
4 In Romeo and Juliet, what is the nurse’s attitude 9 Work in pairs. Look at the expressions with life in
to relationships? bold. Discuss what they mean.
5 Which adverb means that Shakespeare was good
at expressing ideas in just a few words? (para 4) 1 I sold my old Citroen 2CV car last year for
6 What verb tells you that Shakespeare created £300. Now I’ve just read that they’ve become
new words and expressions? (para 4) really valuable! That’s the story of my life.
2 Work stress is just a fact of life these days –
4 Look at the expressions in italics in paragraph 4. you have to learn to deal with it.
Use them to replace the words in bold below. 3 There were people at the conference from all
walks of life – writers, students, business people.
1 I need a new jacket. This one is past its best.
4 My son was worried about going to university,
2 I’m 24. I have money and a university degree. I
but now he’s having the time of his life.
can do anything I want to.
5 Thanks for driving me to the station – it was a
3 He said that one of the shops in town would
real life-saver. I’d have missed my train.
have the right battery, but it turned out to be a
search for something that couldn’t be found. 10 Work in groups. Each think of a personal example
4 What the critics say is not significant. What for two of the expressions in Exercises 8 and 9.
matters is whether the public like the film.
5 Everyone says it’s an obvious result that Not doing well in exams has been the story of my life!
Johanna will win, but I’m not so certain.
6 There’s no point telling her he’s no good. You Speaking my life
can’t see the faults in the person you love.
7 The teacher got us to play a game to help 11 Work in two groups of three. Play the game Call
people relax at the start. my bluff using words coined by Shakespeare.
8 After six different jobs, I’m with my first Group A: Turn to page 153.
company again. I’ve arrived back at the
starting point. Group B: Turn to page 154.
• For each word, rewrite the true definition in your
Critical thinking purpose own words, then write two false definitions.
Write example sentences for each definition.
5 Which option(s) (a–d) describes the author’s main • Group A reads the three definitions of the first word.
purpose for writing this article? Underline the Group B must guess which is the true definition.
sentences in the article that tell you this. • Group B then reads the definitions of their first
a to review Harold Bloom’s book word for Group A to guess the true one.
b to explain why Shakespeare is popular today • Then repeat this procedure with the other words.
c to examine if Shakespeare’s reputation is justified 12 Think of an aspect of your life. Choose a word
d to examine Shakespeare’s contribution to related to this, and find the English word. Then
modern-day English play Call my bluff with that word.

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 Unit 1  Lessons for life

5
The sixteenth-century dramatist Ben Jonson generously with poor Hamlet because we all know that frustrating
called his rival, Shakespeare, a writer ‘not of an age, situation where our hearts tell us one thing must be true
but for all time’. And so it has proved to be, because and our heads another. We laugh at the larger-than-life
Shakespeare’s plays are still the most translated and nurse in Romeo and Juliet because of the amusing way 35
5 most performed of any playwright’s in the world. But if she offers advice to Juliet about relationships, putting
you ask people the reason for Shakespeare’s continued practical considerations before romance; she is a person
popularity, you get different answers. Some say he that we too have met. The name Lady Macbeth has
was a great storyteller, others that the magic lies in become synonymous with cold, over-ambitious women;
the beauty of his poetry. Some say it is simply because while the character of Iago still serves as a warning 40
10 he left us a huge volume of work, which was written about the dangers of jealousy and how it leads to the
during a vibrant time in English history, particularly in manipulation of others.
the theatre.
Of course the language plays a big part too.
A more interesting answer that I came across recently The observations about people and life are made more
is one put forward by the critic Harold Bloom in his memorable by the way in which they are phrased, both 45
15 book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Bloom succinctly and poetically. Shakespeare has been dead
argues that Shakespeare gave us something that the for 400 years, but certain words and sayings of his still
world had not seen in literature before – characters exist in the English language today. Whether you are
with personalities, and particularly weaknesses, that ‘fashionable’ or ‘faint-hearted’, thank Shakespeare, who
we could relate to. These lifelike characters and the probably coined the terms. Iago promises to ‘wear his 50
20 observations that Shakespeare made about the human heart on his sleeve’, a phrase still commonly used for
condition are really what Jonson was referring to when people who do not try to hide their true feelings. In fact,
he talked about Shakespeare’s universal appeal. For it is amazing just how great Shakespeare’s influence on
Bloom, a lifelong fan of the poet, English speakers everyday modern language has been. Take, for example,
have Shakespeare to thank for much of their current these commonly used phrases: a foregone conclusion, come 55
25 language, cultural references and their understanding of full circle, has seen better days, break the ice, neither here nor
human psychology. there, the world is my oyster, a wild goose chase, love is blind.
While some might disagree with Bloom’s assertion Bloom’s title The Invention of the Human may seem a bit
about the invention of ‘personality’ in literature – many strong. ‘The enduring humanity of Shakespeare’, on the
earlier storytellers like Homer and Petrarch could claim other hand, would not be an exaggeration. 60
30 this – there is no doubt that Shakespeare’s characters
resonate with people very strongly. We sympathize

enduring (adj) /ɪnˈdjʊərɪŋ/ lasting a long time

faint-hearted (adj) /ˌfeɪnt ˈhɑː(r)tɪd/ lacking courage to act
resonate with (v) /ˈrezəneɪt/ create a feeling that something
is familiar or relevant

Immortal
words
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 real life getting to know people  •  pronunciation merged words in everyday phrases

1d How did you get into that?

Real life getting to know people 5 Pronunciation merged words in everyday
phrases
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
a 7 Listen to these questions and notice how
1 What kind of subjects do you generally like to the underlined words merge together when said
talk about – sport, entertainment, the news, quickly.
family and friends, work, something else?
2 What do you find are good conversation topics 1 I don’t think we’ve met.
for getting to know other people? 2 Is it your first day too?
3 What do you do?
2 Write three tips for a blog about ‘getting to know 4 What did you think of the show?
people’. Then share your ideas with the class. 5 What kind of films do you like?
3 6 Look at the conversation openers for b 8 Listen to these questions and write in the
getting to know people. Then listen to six short missing words.
conversations. Tick (✓) the conversation opener
they use in each conversation. 1 eat here?
2 living in New York?
GETTING TO KNOW PEOPLE 3 apartment have you got?
4 the new building?
Hi, I don’t think we’ve met. I’m …
Hi. Is it your first day at college too?
5 coffee or something?
Hey, I like your jacket.
6 Work in pairs. Act out two of the conversations for
Whereabouts are you from?
getting to know people you heard in Exercise 3.
So, what do you do?
What did you think of the show? Use the same conversation openers and follow-up
This is a long queue, isn’t it? questions. Answer as naturally as possible.
Have you seen that film everyone’s talking about?
I’m supposed to have given up sweet things, but I
7 Work with a new partner. Act out two more
can’t stop eating this cake. conversations. Follow these steps.
• Choose two of the conversation openers in the
box that you did not hear in Exercise 3.
4 6 Listen to the conversations again. Make
• Think of follow-up questions you might ask.
notes on the follow-up questions that each person
• Act out the conversations.
starting the conversation asked. Then compare
answers with your partner.

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 writing taking notes  •  writing skill using abbreviations Unit 1  Lessons for life

1e Your first day

Writing taking notes 5 Writing skill using abbreviations
1 Do you write notes sometimes on things you read or a Work in pairs. How many different
listen to? In what situations do you write notes? What abbreviations can you find in the notes? Try
do the notes consist of? What do you do with them? to guess what each one means.

2 9 Look at the notes taken by a student at a university b Compare your answers in Exercise 5a
orientation day. Then listen to an extract from the talk with another pair. Did you guess the same
and complete the information where the student put ??? meanings? Which abbreviations have the
in points 1 and 2. following meanings?
Shortened words Latin abbreviations
a including e for example
b roughly f that is to say
Talk by Principal to new students ???
c please note
1 Course reg 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. Mon in main uni hall – d and so on

compulsory. c We use abbreviations in semi-formal writing

and when writing in note form, but not
2 Overseas students. i.e. all except UK and ???, in more formal contexts. In which of the
following could abbreviations be used?
must take docs to Admissions office - incl.
1 an academic essay
education certificates, student visas + bank 2 your notes on a book you have read
account details – by end of next week. 3 a letter of complaint
4 an internal email to a close colleague
3 Uni has ‘buddy’ system (a 2nd year student)
d Look at this email message and rewrite it
to help OS sts know where things are and what in note form. Exchange notes with your
partner, cover the original email and try to
to do. reconstruct it from the notes.
4 Most courses approx. 9–12 contact hrs p.w.; plan

study time carefully. Lots of places to work, Please note that the meeting with Ellis &
Company will be tomorrow, Tuesday 12th
e.g. faculty library, main library, IT centre. May at 3 o’clock. Please can you let me
know approximately how many people from
5 If worried about study or sthg else, see student your department will be attending and if
you need further information. Thanks.
counsellor. NB each group has native speaker

counsellor.

6 Extra academic writing skills tuition available for 6 10 Listen to a talk from a university tutor
about reading for your university course
1st year sts – details in student booklet (times, and take notes. Remember to include only
the relevant points and to use abbreviations
level, etc.). where necessary.

7 Exchange notes with your partner. Use these

questions to check your notes.
3 Work in pairs. What other information did the speaker
• Do the notes include the same relevant
give that isn’t in notes 1 and 2? Discuss with your
points?
partner.
• Have they left out unnecessary
4 9 Listen again and check your answers. Why do you information?
think this information wasn’t included? • Do they use abbreviations correctly?

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 1f Arctic wisdom

An Inuit man ice fishing,

Nunavut Territory, Canada

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 Unit 1  Lessons for life

Before you watch 5 1.1 Watch the second part of the video (2.25
to 3.39) and complete the summary.
1 Look at the photo and the map of where the Inuit
In the past, elders were 1 for the
people live. Discuss with your partner what you
others in the community. Each one was an
think this place is like. Talk about: 2
on a particular area, helping the
• Population (many/few, old/young, etc.) community to 3 : on the weather,
• Weather on the environment, on different kinds of
• Communications (transport, internet, 4
. Inuits were happy with the
speaking/writing, etc.) 5
. The woman’s mother told her
• Way of life (traditional/modern/changing, daughter that she would see many 6 ,
stressful/relaxed, etc.) but she said, ‘Never 7 who you are.’

2 Key vocabulary 6 Watch the third part of the video (3.40 to the end)
and answer the questions.
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in 1 What has happened to the Iqaluit population in
the video. Guess the meaning of the words.
recent times? Why?
1 They have asked the government to fund the 2 Name two things the woman mentions when
building of a new community centre. talking about the key to a happy life.
2 The elders of the tribe meet once a week to 3 Why does she have a communication problem
discuss any problems in the community. with the younger generation?
3 He has low self-esteem because as a child 4 What is significant about the number 23?
he was always criticized for not being clever 5 What was the main characteristic of the culture
enough. of the Iqaluit in the past?
4 Thank you for all your comments on my essay. 6 What does the narrator say is the key to these
They have been invaluable. people’s future?
5 A disproportionate number of the university’s
students are from wealthy backgrounds. After you watch
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these
definitions.
7 Vocabulary in context
a extremely useful a 1.2 Watch the clips from the video. Complete
b too large or small in comparison to something the collocations. Then discuss your answers.
else
b Complete the sentences in your own words.
c older members of a group
Then compare your sentences with a partner.
d finance, provide the money for
e how good you feel about yourself 1 I always seek advice when …
2 The last time I experienced a communication
barrier was when …
While you watch 3 The key to living a happy life is …
3 1.1 Watch the video and check your ideas
from Exercise 1. What is your overall impression
8 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
of the place? 1 Is the advice and wisdom of elders highly
respected in your society?
4 1.1 Watch the first part of the video (0.00 to 2 Is this as it should be? Why? / Why not?
2.24) again which features an interview with the
Mayor of Iqaluit. Answer the questions. 9 Think of a story that one of your grandparents (or
an older person in your community) told you and
1 What has happened to the elders in a short
retell the story to your partner. Do the stories have
time?
a lesson that is still relevant today? Why? / Why
2 What is important about the elders?
not?
3 What phrase is still relevant and is often used
in Iqaluit?
infant mortality (n) /ˈɪnfənt mɔː(r)ˈtæləti/ the number of
4 How did these people’s parents live?
children that die before they are two years old
5 How were traditions passed down between nomadic (adj) /nəʊˈmædɪk/ with no fixed home, wandering
generations? from place to place

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 Unit 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Read the article. What is a ‘griot’? What lesson did 4 Complete the expressions.
the writer take away from his visit to Timbuktu?
1 a lifel painting
2 Choose the correct options to complete the article. 2 people from all w of life
3 to have the t of your life
4 a lifel passion
5 it’s the s of my life
6 just a f of life

5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Which of these phrases

best describes these people: your best friend, your
mother, your sister or brother? Give reasons.

a control freak   ​a dreamer   ​ a driven person   ​

a family person   ​ a free spirit   ​a joker   ​
the life and soul of the party   ​
an outgoing person   ​

6 ❯❯ MB Correct the underlined words to complete

these phrases about life lessons. Then give an
example from your own experience that illustrates
Some years ago I 1 visited / have visited Timbuktu each phrase.
in Mali. Generally, people 2 are thinking / think
of Timbuktu as a desert town somewhere at the 1 Trying to remain positive is a lot easier spoken
end of the world. But once upon a time, Timbuktu than done.
3 
was / has been a thriving city and key trading post, 2 A good rule of finger is: if you want something
a place in Africa with a long and rich history. done properly, do it yourself.
In the marketplace you get a sense of this: women 3 It’s a good idea to put a little money aside then
in brightly coloured clothes selling produce of all and when you can.
kinds. But my attention was drawn to a very old 4 My leading principle in life is: by and whole,
man who 4 had sat / was sitting in a corner. For a it’s better to ignore what others say about you.
while, people 5 had gathered / had been gathering I CAN
around him, so I joined them. He was a griot, or
describe different types of personality
traditional storyteller.
Griots 6 have been singing / sang about kings and use idioms and expressions about life
magicians, wars and journeys for generations. This
is how Malians 7 learned / have learned about their
history. He poured me a glass of tea and then I
Real life
8
 listened / was listening to him tell the story of King 7 Work in pairs. Complete the conversation starters.
Mansa and the golden age of Timbuktu, a story he
9
told / had told countless times before. At the end, 1 Hi, I don’t think we . I’m
the griot quoted old Mali saying: ‘To succeed you .
need three things – a brazier, time and friends.’ The 2 Hi. Is it your first too?
brazier is to heat water for tea. Time and friends are 3 Hey, I like .
what you need to share stories. It’s advice that 10 will 4 So, whereabouts ?
stay / will be staying with me in future years. 5 So, you do?
6 What did you think ?
7 This is a long queue, ?
3 ❯❯ MB Find six time phrases in the article. Which 8 Have you seen that film everyone
tenses are used with each time phrase? Then ?
choose four of the phrases and make your own 8 ❯❯ MB Choose four of the conversation starters
sentences with them. from Exercise 7. Act out four short conversations,
I CAN using follow-up questions and answers.
use the correct tense with specific time phrases I CAN
use the continuous aspect to describe actions in progress start a conversation with someone I don’t know
ask follow-up questions to get to know someone better

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