Aerospace propulsion –II
[Unit III]
Subsonic and supersonic inlets
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Subsonic Inlets
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Introduction
For turbojet engines the airflow entering the compressor or
fan must have low Mach number, in the range 0.4 to 0.7.
If the engine is designed for subsonic cruise at, for
example, M = 0.85, the inlet must be designed to act as a
diffuser with reasonably gentle diffusion from M = 0.85 to
perhaps M = 0.6.
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Explanation
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Requirements of inlet
The flow velocity and direction leaving the inlet be
uniform, since distortions in the velocity profile at the
compressor inlet can severely upset the compressor
aerodynamics and may lead to failure of the blades due to
vibrations.
The performance of the inlet must not be unduly
sensitive to pitch (up-and-down)
down) and yaw (side-to-side)
motions of the aircraft.
The stagnation pressure loss in the inlet be small.
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Flow Pattern
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High speed (or) low mass
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Low speed (or) High mas
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Aerospace propulsion –II
[ASE 210]
[ Subsonic Inlets]
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Typical turbojet engine
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Classic pictures of flow separation
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Boundary layer & its separation
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Adverse pressure gradient
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High speed or low mass flow
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Low speed or high mass flow
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Aerospace propulsion –II
[Unit III]
Subsonic inlet Performance
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Boundary layer separation
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Isentropic efficiency
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Stagnation pressure ratio
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Typical subsonic diffuser performanc
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Aerospace propulsion –II
[Unit
Unit III]
Relation between minimum area ratio and external
deceleration ratio
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Boundary layer separation
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Boundary layer separation
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Aerospace propulsion –II
[Unit
Unit III]
Inferences from minimum area ratio (Amax/Ai)
to external deceleration ratio (Ui/Ua)
(
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Equation
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The value of S depend on the shape of the nacelle
[ S = 0.5 for this inference ]
Objective :
The size of the external surface necessary to
prevent external boundary layer separation, for any given
value of ui/ua.
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Inferences
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Cases : I and II
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The larger the external deceleration (i.e., the smaller the
value of (ui/ua), the larger must be the size of the nacelle if
one is to prevent excessive drag.
drag
Even in the absence of separation, the larger the nacelle,
the larger the aerodynamic drag on it.
But if the external deceleration is modest (e.g., ui/ua >
0.8), its effect on minimum nacelle size is quite small.
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The performance of an inlet depends on the pressure
gradient on both internal and external surfaces.
The internal pressure rise depends on the reduction of
velocity between entry to the inlet diffuser and entry to the
compressor
Nacelle size required for low drag can be quite strongly
dependent on the degree of external deceleration.
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