For more information, write or call:
TECHNOLOGICAL SERVICES DIVISION
Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI-DOST)
Telefax: 837-2071 loc. 2265 / 837-6156
e-mail:
[email protected] ISSN 1656 – 6831
Livelihood Technology Series 57
Briquetting
Technology
Department of Science and Technology
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
DOST Compound, General Santos Avenue
Bicutan, TaguigCity, Metro Manila, PHILIPPINES
http://www.itdi.dost.gov.ph
‘Our Business is Industry…”
1st edition 2019
Prepared by: ELNILA C. ZALAMEDA
TSD-ITDI
Engr. APOLLO VICTOR O. BAWAGAN
CED-ITDI
Edited by: VIOLETA A. CONOZA
TSD-ITDI
Cover layout by: LUZMIN R. ESTEBAN
TSD-ITDI
Adviser: NELIA ELISA C. FLORENDO
TSD-ITDI
Livelihood Technology Series 57
Briquetting Technology
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This brochure was made possible through
the research efforts of the Chemicals and Energy
Division (CED), ITDI-DOST.
BRIQUETTING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Briquetting is a process of molding or compacting materials
such as fines of biomass/coal with or without binder under
pressure. This is also known as densification technology as it
aims to lessen the volume per weight of material.
The technology can be classified on the basis of compaction
as high, medium or low pressure compaction.
The basic components of a briquetting plant consist of the
following equipment: mechanized briquettor (pillow or
extruder); raw material-binder mixer; carbonizer; crusher;
screen (manual or motorized); package sealer; cooking stove
for cooking of binder; and dryer.
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INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE-DOST
MAJOR TYPES OF BRIQUETTING MACHINE
Pillow type – rated at 250 kg/hr and is equipped with a
gear-reducer motor rated at 3 hp.
Small-scale extruder type – rated at 20 kg/hr and is
equipped with a gear-reducer motor rated at 0.5 hp.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS FOR BRIQUETTING
Materials Preparation
Charcoal fines that accumulated during charcoal processing
or during conversion of agri-wastes into charcoal are the
main components of charcoal briquettes. Charcoal is
produced using the carbonizer and the lump charcoals are
reduced into fine particles using a hammermill and passed
through a vibrating screen (32-mesh).
Binder Preparation
Briquetting studies show that approximately 6% by weight
of binder is the most feasible for use without sacrificing the
physical and chemical properties of the briquette. Starch
is the most commonly used binder and cassava starch is
the cheapest among the locally available starches.
Prior to briquetting, the starch is gelatinized by boiling in
water at 1:10 ratio with constant stirring until a transparent
solution is attained. The consistency of the gelatinized
binder is dependent on the initial moisture content and
type of charcoal used.
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INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE-DOST
Mixing of Binder and Charcoal
With the use of a mechanical binder-charcoal mixer, the
consistency of the mixture could be attained to achieve
uniform quality briquettes. The purpose of mixing is to
coat the charcoal particles with a film of binder
Briquetting Operation
From the binder-charcoal mixer, the mixture is transferred
to the briquettor and dropped directly to the molds or
cavities to form the charcoal briquettes. the briquettes are
then placed on trays and loaded on the drying carts and
allowed to dry.
Drying Operation
The briquettes are either air-dried, sun-dried or dried in a
furnace type briquette dryer. Air drying normally takes
about 3-5 days depending on the ambient air condition.
Sun drying takes about 2-3 days.
With the use of a furnace type dryer, however, drying takes
only 6-8 hours per batch at a drying temperature of 80-
90°C.
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INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE-DOST
Extruder Type Briquetting Machine
Crushing Machine
Charcoal-Binder Mixer
Drum-Type Pyrolyzer
Pillow-Type Briquetting Machine
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