10. Human Settlements= Answer in one or two words *Identify the types of human settlements from the following statements: Their money and time is saved by living on the farm. There is a lot of social life in this settlement. Shops are located on both the sides of the road This settlement is found at the foothills of mountains or along the coast. Each house is located away from the other. This settlement is good from a security point of view. Having houses away from each other is good for health The houses are too close to each other. Answers: 1. Scattered settlements 3. Linear settlements 5. Scattered settlements 7 Scattered settlements SNAMAwWNE Nucleated settlements Linear settlements Nucleated settlements Nucleated settlements 2 OANP\n sos Qy__Differentiate between the following +4, Ahamlet and a village Ans: AHamlet AVillage z i, | The settlement which is dependent on locally. available natural resources and consists of people engaged in a particular occupation is known as a hamlet. ii, | Each hamlet consists of people engaged in only one occupation. Nucleated Settlements and Scattered Settlements The settlement where the original occupations | of the majority of the people are based on | natural resources is called as rural settlements | or villages. | |The people of a village can be engaged in different activities based on natural resources | like agriculture, fishery, etc. ‘Nucleated Settlements Scattered Settlements i. The houses in nucleated settlements are close to each other. ii, These settlements are found closer to water sources like brooks, rivulets, rivers, lakes, | reservoirs, etc. The houses in scattered settlements are far away from each other. | Such settlements are generally found in areas of high relief, dense forests, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural lands. |. | Social services are available in these |__| settlements. The population in these settlements is more as people of different castes, religions, races and ideologies live together. iv, Facilities and services in these settlements are | not adequate. The population in these settlements is limited like that in small hamlets.@ Answer in brief *1, Explain how human settlements have evolved. Ans: i In ancient times, the occupations of people were dependent on the available natural resources ii. Asa result, human settlements developed according to the occupations of the people. e.g. Fishing hamlets near sea coast, tribal hamlets in forest areas, etc. ie C—Oili, As agriculture developed in fertile areas, farmers too build their houses in or near the Later, these settlements gradually grew bigger. ds, The settlements where the original occupations of majority of the people were based on natural resources came to be known as rural settlements. Thus, human settlements flourished at places with favourable geographical conditions.+3, Explain the various types of human settlements. ‘Ans: Human settlements are of the following three types: ii, Scattered settlement: a. The settlements where the houses are few and are far away from each other are called as scattered settlements. b. Such settlements are generally found in areas of high relief, dense forests, grasslands, hot deserts and extensive agricultural lands. ‘The population in these settlements is limited like that in small hamlets. d. The facilities and services in these settlements are not adequate. The houses depend on the centrally located villages for their day-to-day requirements. e. Due to their close proximity to nature, these settlements are free from pollution. Nucleated settlements: a. The settlements where the houses are close to each other are known as nucleated settlements. b. These settlements are found close to water sources like brooks, rivulets, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Fertile plains, transport hub & mining centres, commercial centres as also defense, health, education and other social & religious factors lead to the development of such type of settlements. d. The settlements take different shapes depending upon how they develop or expand fe. The roads in old parts of these settlements are narrow. Social services too are available in these settlements. f. As people of different castes, religions, races and ideologies live together, the social life in these settlements is better. eeLinear settlements: a. The settlements which are seen along roads, railways, rivers, seas coasts and in foothill regions, etc. and spread along straight line are known as linear settlements. b. They are narrow in shape and multiple lines of houses develop as the settlement grows. The roads in these settlements are parallel to each other. d. Shops are also seen in these types of settlements. +4, _ Explain the natural factors affecting the location of human settlements. Ans: Human settlements generally develop at places with favourable geographical conditions. The important natural factors affecting the location of human settlements are as follows: Water: Humans cannot survive without water. Hence, early civilizations developed near various sources of water like rivers, seas, etc. Water is also essential for occupations like agriculture. River banks: Rivers are one of the largest source of water. The land around the rivers is also very fertile. Hence, most of the civilizations are developed on river banks. Apart from fulfilling daily requirements of water, rivers are useful for agriculture, fishing and water transports. Climate: Conducive climate is essential for life to sustain. Livings beings including humans cannot survive in regions with extreme climatic conditions like extreme cold or heat. The climate also i. determines the occupations of the people of a region. Land / Soil: Human settlements flourish in places where the production of food grains is possible. iv. The places where land is more fertile, the agriculture can be practised and hence such locations are more suitable for human settlements. Vv. Physiography: The land should be favorable for settlements to become stable. Generally, human settlements are found more on plains, as constructions of houses on mountainous and hilly terrain is difficult.