ETHICS & CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Life and Death :

Elder Suicide OR Dignified Exit?

1. Afiff Wira Pradana - 2006552312

2. Ahadi Andrian Wibowo - 2006552350
3. Andre Tanuwijaya - 2006552464
OUR BACKGROUND

Afiff Wira Pradana Ahadi Andrian Wibowo Andre Tanuwijaya

 S1 Univ. Sebelas Maret  S1 Universitas Indonesia – Ilmu  S1 Univ. Diponegoro

– Manajemen Perpustakaan  Product Manager
 Account Manager PT  PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) PT. Toyota Astra Motor
Garuda Indonesia Tbk - Divisi Procurement & Fixed Asset (2015 – Present)
(Persero) Tbk (2018 –  Music & Sport  Music & Basketball
Present)
 Sport & Movie
STORYLINE : Elder Suicide OR Dignified Exit?

- 80 years old - Family discuss how to care Grandpa - Decent Health of Grandpa
- His wife died 7 years ago - Grandpa don’t want to move states or (Enough to make him paralyzed)
- Live alone be nursed by stranger
- (his children 4 states after him) (want to live in his hometown) - Treatable but very costly

- If he drink a pill and just rest - Grandpa start questioning why he doesn’t - For him is a waste of money
until he die it will be called suicide have right to end his own life?
(which he doesn’t want to) (which he doesn’t ready) - Better to give to his Grandchildren for
- He is very tired and have enough college tuition
- Why society don’t prepare Financial - He want to die quietly and peacefully
& Legal way for those who ready to die
and recycle service for they belonging?
How can choosing my own end be considered
anything other than that Dignified Exit?
 Little Theory, What is Ethics?
Understand Right or Wrong The Golden Rule
Moral standard are principles based on religious, cultural, or “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, or
philosophical beliefs by which judgements are made treat others as you would like to be treated”, this belief is
about good or bad behaviour. shared by many different religions in the world

the danger with the Golden Rule is that not everyone thinks
Value System like you, acts like you, or believes in the same principles that
A set of personal principles formalized into a code of you do.
behaviour. When individuals share similar standards in a
community, we can use the terms Values and Value System Ethical Theory
1. Virtue Ethics
• Integrity to established a concept of living, “what sort a person I want to
The Value of Value become”, the problem societies can place different emphasis. Ex : Greek
and Christian
Value can be expressed in 2 ways :
2. Ethics for Greater Good
1. Intrinsic Value, The quality by which a value is a good thing in • Focus on outcome of action rather than virtues, focus on greater
itself and is pursued for it’s own sake, whether anything come number of people. The problem is action will be justified in any means.
from that pursuit or not. Ex : happiness, health, and self-respect. Ex : Holoacaust fr. Nazi
3. Universal Ethics
2. Instrumental Value, The quality by which the pursuit of one value • There are certain and universal principles that should apply , duty and
is a good way to reach another value. For example, money is obligation to a purely moral ideals rather than needs. The problem is no
valued for what it can buy rather than itself. one accountable for the consequences
 Little Theory, What is Ethics?
Ethical Dilemma Resolving Ethical Dilemma
A situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but There is 3 step model, but Arthur Dobrin identified 8 question to
rather a right or right answer. answer when resolving problem :
1. What is the Fact?
The decision you must make requires you to make a right choice 2. What can you assume the fact that you don’t know?
3. What do the fact means?
knowing full well that you are: 4. What does the problem look like from people who involved?
 Leaving an equally right choice undone; 5. What will happen if you choose one thing rather than another?
 Likely to suffer something bad as a result of that choice; 6. What do your feelings tell you?
 Contradicting a personal ethical principal in making that choice; 7. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another?
 Abandoning an ethical value of your community or society in 8. Can you explain and justify your decision to others?
making that choice.
Ethical Reasoning
Ethical Relativism Present the arguments that we develop on reasoning process :
Gray area in which your Ethical Principal are defined by the 1. Pre-conventional (Punishment and reward)
traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the • Stage 1 : Obedience and punishment
circumstances of the present moment. • Stage 2 : Individualism, instrumentalism and exchange
2. Conventional (Aware of broader influence outside family)
• Stage 3 : Good boy/girl orientation
• Stage 4 : Law and order orientation
3. Post Conventional (Clear effort to define principles and moral values)
• Stage 5 : Social contract legalistic orientation
• Stage 6 : Universal ethical principle orientation
 8 STEPS TO ETHICAL DILEMMA SOLVING
1. Fact 4. Problem through the eyes involved
• 80 years oldman that live alone (wife died 7 years ago) • His family who love him will be very sad and disagree to what
• Want to stay in his places now and don’t to nursed by he chooses as Right to Die
strangers
• Have prostate cancer but still treatable (can walk and still 5. If we choose this old man to die peacefully using pill, it will breaking
conscious) family and society ethics. But if this old man stay alive, his family
• The treat is very costly , so better to give to his grandchild need to think again about his child tuition for college, because the
instead of treating him money goes to his grandfather health
• Tired of life , but isn’t ready to die
• Want to die peacefully and quite like using pills, but don’t 6. Our feeling is same with the family, if one of our family feels like tired
want to consider as suicide of life, we will treat him/her until our money is done. As long the
2. Assumption Fact person still conscious and treatable
• His family is loved him, and thinking how to care him
nicely 7. If we decide to give up for grand father, we will feel regret. Because
• His family cash and money is limited his health still treatable. And this grandpa still conscious
• In Ohio, there’s no clear system about “Right to Die”
3. The Fact mean 8. While this is not private reason, any reason to end of someone life is
• This oldman already tired with his life, but he was not correct. We recognize the value of human life above all else,
searching a quiet and peaceful death. So when he was many restriction will applied if someone will have right to die
ready, he will use it that right. He believe in Right to Die
 OUR ETHICAL REASON OUR ETHIC’S VALUE
1. Level 2 Conventional
Base on Theory, What is our Ethical vision?
• Stage 3 : Too meet expectation in society and family that In any circumstances, we already discuss and believe in
this thing isn’t right enough, because we will end Universal Ethics that any idea should be prioritize moral
someone’s life ideals than needs, which we will choose to decide any
decision.
• Stage 4 : In Indonesian Law, religion and belief. They will
not allow this one to end someone’s life and begging for
die
We recognize the value of human life above all else as a
2. Level 3 Post Conventional universal ethical principle, all of human is having right to
release their “dying state”
• Stage 5 : However in individual right, if that person isn’t
conscious and un-treatable . It will be justified if this We influenced by Indonesian culture and our religion to
person want to die on family agreement to end their make any judgement.
suffer.  We have right to assistance dying under many
circumstances , but not for someone seek for assistance
dying for him/herself

• Stage 6 : Meanwhile this is something new, we need to

make standard about this one, comprehensive and what
kind of restriction that we need.
Little Study, is it happen before?
1. Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life to
2. Assisted suicide, also known as assisted dying, is suicide
relieve pain and suffering. (Helga Kuhse, 2017)
undertaken with the aid of another person. The term
Euthanasia is categorized [by whom] in different ways,
usually refers to physician-assisted suicide (PAS), which is
which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary:
suicide that is assisted by a physician or other healthcare
• Voluntary euthanasia is legal in some countries.
provider. Once it is determined that the person's situation
• Non-voluntary euthanasia (patient's consent
qualifies under the physician-assisted suicide laws for that
unavailable) is illegal in all countries.
place, the physician's assistance is usually limited to
• Involuntary euthanasia (without asking consent or
writing a prescription for a lethal dose of drugs.
against the patient's will) is also illegal in all countries
and is usually considered murder.

• Euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, while
assisted suicide is permitted in Switzerland.
• A number of states in the United States have made assisted dying legal.
• In Oregon assisted dying has been legal for terminally ill, mentally competent adults since
1997. Since then other states have introduced similar laws including Washington, California
and Hawaii.
EXAMPLE CASES
Reasons for Requesting Physician-Assisted Suicide
Angela Morrow, RN (2020)
Most of the patients Cancer, Neurological Disease, End-Organ Failure
Main reasons people requested : Possible reasons people requested :
 Loss of control and independence  Loss of sense of purpose
 Loss of ability to participate in enjoyable and meaningful  Unacceptable quality of life and/or inability to enjoy life
activities  Loss of physical ability (for example, walking, or speaking)
 Illnes-related suffering (for example, pain or nausea)  Hopeless suffering and prospect of recovery
 Fear of future suffering
According to the Death with Dignity Act of Oregon, only a terminally ill
who is at least 18 years of age Terminal Illness that will lead to death
within six months

 The patient capable of making healthcare decisions for themselves

 The patient must make two verbal requests to their prescribing
physician separated by at least 15 days
 The patient needs to also make a written request, and this written
request must be signed in the presence of two witnesses, one of
which cannot be related to the patient
EXAMPLE CASES
2. Assisted suicide deaths explode in state
1. Marieke Vervoort: Paralympian ends life through
euthanasia at age of 40
Victoria government revealed there were 67 deaths in those six
months, bringing the total deaths by legal assisted suicide in the
Vervoort, who won gold and silver at the London 2012
state in the scheme’s first year to 124 with a total of 231 permits
Paralympics, and two further medals at Rio 2016, had an
issued.
incurable degenerative muscle disease. Vervoort's disease
There were 97 instances of lethal drugs being dispensed, bringing
caused constant pain, seizures, paralysis in her legs and
the total for the first year to 154. A quarter of the people who
left her barely able to sleep. Euthanasia is legal in Belgium
died saw just 11 days pass from their application until death.
and in 2008 Vervoort signed papers which would one day
Applications were received from Victorians across a spectrum of
allow a doctor to end her life. (BBC, 2019)
ages from 32 to 100 with an average age of 71 years. Of those
who have died, 78 per cent had a cancer diagnosis, 15 per cent
had a neurodegenerative disease such as motor neurone disease,
and seven per cent had other diseases including pulmonary
fibrosis, cardiomyopathy or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease.
The number of medical practitioners trained and registered to
support voluntary assisted dying increased by 30 per cent from
the first six months, with 37 per cent located outside
metropolitan Melbourne. (catholicweekly, 2020)
CONCLUSION
1. Should people have the moral right to end their lives if they so please?
We believe people have the moral right to end their lives UNDER STRICT & STANDARD TERMS

2. Does being near the end of one’s life make the decision to end it justified ?
Near the end of one’s life is general phrase, this phrase is need to fulfil many terms so it will be valid and can be justified
the action to end someone’s life.

3. What might the phrase “right to die” mean?

Right to die in our understanding means, someone who believe that their own life and fate is on their hand.

4. Do people have the right to seek assistance in dying?

Yes, as long the restriction and terms is fulfilled.

5. Do people have the right to give assistance in dying?

Yes, as long the restriction and terms is fulfilled.
CONCLUSION
6. What kind of restriction, if any, should there be on assisted suicide?

Following best example , we believe in these :

• Terminally ill at least above 18 years old that will lead death to 6 month
• Patient Capable of making healthcare decision for themselves
• Two verbal request to their physician
• Patient need to make written request
• Under agreement from Family/Close circle
THANK YOU