COORDINATION SYSTEM

Encircle the best answer of the following questions.

1. Which of the following is a part of the peripheral nervous system?
a. Sensory pathway
b. Autonomic nervous system
c. Voluntary nervous system
d. Involuntary
e. All of the above
2. In sensory neurons, stimuli are received by the
a. axons
b. dendrites
c. cell body
d. myelin
e. nissl body
3. Nerve impulses are normally carried toward a neuron cell body by the neuron's
a. synaptic cleft
b. axon
c. myelin sheaths
d. hormones
e. dendrites
4. The junction between a neuron and its target cell is called a
a. neurotransmitter
b. synapse
c. node of Ranvier
d. threshold
e. voltage-gated channel
5. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles at the
a. cell body
b. dendrite
c. cell nucleus
d. postsynaptic membrane
e. presynaptic membrane
6. What is the acetylcholinesterase which have an important role in nervous system?
a. a neurotransmitter
b. an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter
c. a stimulant that triggers an action potential
d. a hormone
e. none of the above
7. What happen during depolarization?
a. Na+ moves out of the neuron
 b. K+ moves into the neuron
c. organic ions move out of the neuron
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
8. The myelin sheath is formed by _______________, which wrap around the axons of some
neurons.
a. nodes of Ranvier
b. dendrites
c. synapses
d. Schwann cells
e. cell bodies
9. The midbrain of vertebrates is also called the
a. medulla
b. mesencephalon
c. diencephalon
d. hypothalamus
e. cerebrum
10. Which of the following is not part of the hindbrain?
a. pons
b. medulla oblongata
c. cerebrum
d. cerebellum
e. all of the above are part of the hindbrain
11. Which of the following is not one of the four lobes of a primate's cerebral hemisphere?
a. optic
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. temporal
e. occipital
12. The thalamus is a primary site of
a. motor reflex coordination
b. visceral integration
c. sensory integration
d. hormone production
e. none of the above
13. Neurons that carry impulses away from the central nervous system are called
a. sensory nerves
b. afferent nerves
c. efferent nerves
d. interneurons
e. extensors
14. When you look at an intact human brain, what you see the most is a large, highly convoluted
outer surface. This is the
 a. cerebral cortex
b. medulla
c. cerebellum
d. reticular system
e. viscera
15. Which is true for the autonomic nervous system? Idk jg yang ini pusing:)
a. The sympathetic nervous system always stimulates the organ system.
b. The sympathetic nervous system always inhibits the organ system.
c. The parasympathetic nervous system always stimulates the organ system.
d. It depends on the organ system whether the division stimulates or inhibits it.
e. None of the above are true.
16. Which of the following is/are characteristic of the parasympathetic system? Soalnay keknya
ada kecuali deh
a. causes the pupil to contract
b. promotes digestion of food
c. retards the heartbeat
d. relax the bladder
e. all of the above
17. The central nervous system consists of the ____________.
a. combination of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
b. brain and spinal cord
c. combined sensory and motor systems
d. cranial and spinal nerves
e. spinal nerves and cranial nerves
18. The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order
to make decisions is called the ________.
a. peripheral nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. central nervous system
e. autonomic nervous system
19. The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the ________.
a. nodes of Ranvier
b. meninges
c. axomembranes
d. myelin sheath
e. ganglia
20. The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for _______________.
a. vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, and swallowing
b. kneejerk and blinking
c. sexual response
d. fast responses on test questions
e. all of the above
Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is an Endocrine Gland?

The gland that produced hormone that will be sent to certain organ by blood not duct.
2. The chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland is called a…
Hormone _______________________________________________________
3. How does an Endocrine Gland differ from an Exocrine Gland?
Endocrine gland don’t have duct, so they secrete the hormone directly to blood, while
exocrine has duct.
4. Where could a hormone receptor be located?
There are two main classes of hormone receptors. Receptors for  peptide hormones tend to
be cell surface receptors built into the plasma membrane of cells and are thus referred to
as trans membrane receptors. An example of this is insulin.  Receptors for steroid
hormones are usually found within the cytoplasm and are referred to as intracellular
or nuclear receptors, such as testosterone.
5. Name 9 endocrine glands in a human body.
Hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, ovary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, kidney
6. What hormones are released by the hypothalamus to control the anterior pituitary gland?
What is the action of each hormone?
- Growth hormone releasing hormone : to stimulate the release of GH in pituitary
gland.
- Corticotropin releasing hormone : to release ACTH in pituitary gland.
- GnRH to stimulate the FSH and LH in pituitary gland.
7. What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary, where are they produced, and
what is the target organ and action for each hormone.
8. What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary, where are they produced, and
what is the target organ and action for each hormone.

9. What hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid Gland, of this hormone and what does this
hormone do in the body?
Parathyroid hormone which maintain Ca level ( increase)
 10. What hormone is secreted by alpha cells and what hormone is secreted by beta cells in
the Pancreas and what do these hormones do in the body?
Alpha cell = glucagon, beta cell = insulin__________________________________
a. What cells are stimulated by insulin and what cells are not stimulated by insulin?
And stimulated to do what?
_____________________________________________________________________
11. What is meant by Type I and Type II diabetes (juvenile versus adult onset diabetes) and
what is the cause of each type?
Type 1 = body doesn’t produce insulin because of pancreas damage. Type 2 = doen’t
response to insulin.
12. What are the two parts of the Adrenal Gland, what hormones are secreted by each part,
and what do these hormones do in the body?
In no 7 and 8
13. Where is the pineal gland? What hormone does it produce? When is the hormone
secreted, and what does the hormone do?

To produce serotonin to control mood and melatonin to control sleep cycle.

A. Matching Type

endocrine
__13___ 1) calcium homeostasis
system
 
endocrine
__4___ 2) female reproductive glands
glands
 
___6__ target tissue 3) responsible for carbohydrate metabolism
 
__11___ Hormones 4) glands that send secretions called hormones to specific sites
 
___10__ pituitary gland 5) responsible for fight / flight
 
__9___ thyroid gland 6) specialized tissues that are effected by hormones
 
__1___ parathyroid 7) male reproductive glands
 gland
 
__12___ Oxytocin 8) produced by the ovaries
 
__3___ Pancreas 9) regulates metabolism and uses iodine

__5__ adrenal glands 10) often called the master gland

 
___2__ Ovaries 11) made up of three groups: Amines, Proteins, and steroids
 
12) produced by the posterior pituitary gland causes contractions
__7___ Testes
of the uterus and stimulates the release of milk
 
__8___ progesterone 13) the other regulating system of the body
 
___14__ Testosterone 14) development of secondary sex characteristics

WORKSHEET 1
Encircle the best answer of the following questions.
1. The purpose of living organisms in producing gametes for reproduction is
a. Producing offspring with different number of chromosomes from the parents
b. Producing offspring with the same number of chromosomes as the parents
c. Producing offspring that are more adaptive to the environment
d. Producing offspring with better traits than the parents
e. Inhering good traits to the offspring
2. In human, sperm formation occurs in…
a. Epididymis
b. Seminiferous tubules
c. Vas deferens
d. Vas eferens
e. Urethra
3. The maturation of follicle in the ovaries occurs under the influence of the hormones…
a. FSH
b. LH
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
e. Prolactin
4. The release of ovum from the ovary is called…
a. Ovulation
b. Ejaculation
 c. Erection
d. Maturation
e. Evolution
5. Vasectomy is a term for tying off or excision of this reproductive organ…
a. Scrotum
b. Seminiferous tubule
c. Vas deferens
d. Vas eferens
e. penis
6. In sperm production, from one primary spermatocyte… will result.
a. 1 functional sperm
b. 4 functional sperms
c. 1 functional sperm and 3 polar bodies
d. 2 functional sperms and 2 polar bodies
e. 3 functional sperms and 1 polar body
7. Ovulation is the release of egg cell from the ovary, triggered by the hormone…
a. FSH
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d. LH
e. Testosterone
8. Of the following male organs, which one is considered a primary sex organ?
a. ejaculatory ducts
b. gonads (testes)
c. penis
d. seminal vesicles
e. scrotum
9. Choose the correct order for the path of sperm from the testes to outside the body.
a. ductus deferens - epididymis - ejaculatory duct - penis
b. epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct - penis
c. ejaculatory duct - ductus deferens - epididymis - penis
d. penis - ejaculatory duct - epididymis - ductus deferens
e. ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct - epididymis - penis
10. Which cell has been fertilized by a sperm cell?
a. primary oocyte
b. secondary oocyte
c. ovum
d. oogonia
e. none of the above
Essay
1. What is a gamete? Sex cell
2. Name the male gamete and the female gamete? Sperm and ovum
3. State the name of the pouch covering the testes. scrotum
4. Why is it important that the temperature of the scrotum remains at 35 degrees Celsius?
So that the sperm stay healthy and able to fertilize the ovum
5. Label the diagram of the male reproductive system shown.

6. In males where is testosterone produced, Leydig cell

7. State the function of the epididymis. Storage of seprm
8. What is a vasectomy? Contraception method by cutting the vasdeferens
9. Name the tube through which sperm are released through the penis. Urethra?
10. Explain the difference between seminal fluid and semen. Seen is combination of seminal
fluid plus sperm
11. The release of sperm from the penis is called ejaculation
12. Why do sperm producing cells divide by meiosis? So that when combined with ovum the
choromosone is in the right number
13. In males state the function of FSH, stimulate spermatogenesis process
14. In males state the function of LH, stimulate the production of testosterone
15. Testosterone causes secondary male characteristics. List 3 such characteristi

PART 2
1. Label the diagram of the female reproductive system.

Structure of the Female reproductive system

Fallopian
Fallopiantube
tube
(Oviduct)

Funnel
infundibulum

Ovary
ovary

Ovarian Ligament
Ovarian
Uterus
uterus ligament
Lining of uterus
cervix endometrium
(endometrium)
Cervix
Wall of uterus
myometrium
Vagina
vagina

vulva
Vulva

2. In females where does meiosis occur? Ovary dong

3. After ovulation what is the follicle known as corpus luteum
4. What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum? progesterone
5. State the function of the fallopian tube. place where fertilization occurs.
6. The lining of the womb is called the uterus
7. List two functions of the vagina
receives the penis during sexual intercourse and also serves as a conduit for menstrual flow from
the uterus
8. What is the menstrual cycle?
9. Explain the term menopause
10. On which days of a typical cycle does menstruation (having a period) occur 1-5
12. Name a hormone which prevents eggs from developing in females. Ga tau bye
13. Which hormones in female are associated which secondary sexual characteristics. estrogen
14. State two secondary sexual characteristics in females.
15. What is fertilisation. Sperm and ovum meet.
16. Where does fertilisation normally occur. Fallopian tube

IMMUNE SYSTEM
Match the vocabulary term with the correct definition.
___c_ 1. pathogens
__d__ 2. lysozymes
__g__ 3. cytokines
_f___ 4. chemical barriers
__e__ 5. white blood cells
__a__ 6. nonspecific defenses
__h__ 7. inflammatory response
__j__ 8. histamines
__b__ 9. biological barriers
__i__ 10. phagocytosis

Definition
a. Defenses that are the same regardless of the type of pathogen; found in the first and
second line of defense.
b. Living organisms that compete with pathogens; help prevent harmful bacteria from
becoming established in or on the body.
c. Disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses.
d. Enzymes that kill pathogens by breaking open their cell walls; found in sweat, mucus,
tears, and saliva.
e. leukocytes
f. Chemicals that destroy pathogens at the body’s surface.
g. Proteins that act as chemical signals used to communicate between cells.
h. A complex biological reaction to tissue damage; one of the first responses of the immune
system to infection or injury; triggered by chemicals called cytokines and histamines.
i. The process of engulfing and breaking down pathogens and other unwanted substances.
j. chemicals that cause inflammation

WORKSHEET 2

Immune System Vocabulary Worksheet

 antigen  inflammation  antibody  vaccine  allergies

 infection  natural killer  humoral  plasma cell  HIV

cell immune response

 pathogen  lymphocytes  cellular  cytotoxic T  mast cells

immune response lymphocyte

 phagocytes  B cell  immune  helper T cell  histamine

memory

 macrophage  T cell  memory cell  fever  cytokine

Key Word Definition

1. phagocytes cells that engulf & destroy invading microbes

immune system remembers invaders it has destroyed before

2. immune memory
& kills them quickly the second time

inflammatory response that slows growth of pathogen by

3. infection
denaturing its proteins

4. fever invasion of microorganism by pathogens

5. helper t cell T cell that kills an antibody-antigen bound cells

6. lymphocytes white blood cells

 B cell that begins antibody production after antigen is
7. memory cell
encountered a second time

cells that develop in thymus & recognize antigen-antibody

8. t cell
bound cells

9. pathogen disease-causing agent

10. antibody protein that bind to antigens

11. allergies hypersensitive response to a non-harmful antigen

12. macrophage cells that consume foreign/damaged/dead materials

dead or weakened organism that induce specific immunity

13. vaccine
without causing disease

14. cellular immune response specific defense that uses T cells

15. inflammation swelling and redness; response to tissue damage

chemical released by mast cells that causes an inflammatory

16. histamine
response

B cells that produce more antibody after antibody binds to

17. plasma cell
antigen

18. antigen any foreign material that causes an immune response

19. cytotoxic T cell T cell that stimulates production of cytokines and CTLs

20. B cell cells that develop in bone marrow and produce antibodies

21. Natural killer cell kills virus-infected cells nonspecifically

22. Mast cell immune cells found in tissues, not blood

23. humoral immune

specific defense that uses antibodies
response

24. cytokine protein that activates B & T cells

25. HIV disease that kills TH cells