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Evolution of Scientific Method

This document discusses how the scientific method developed and influenced modern science. It describes how figures like Aristotle, Copernicus, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes helped establish the scientific method of making observations, conducting experiments, and using evidence and logic to draw conclusions. The document then explains how later scientists like Blaise Pascal and Isaac Newton applied this scientific method to challenge prior theories, such as Aristotle's views and the geocentric model of the universe. Overall, the scientific method allowed scientists to process ideas and justify discoveries through reason and experimentation rather than just accepting prior authorities, leading to the revolution of modern science.

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94 views2 pages

Evolution of Scientific Method

This document discusses how the scientific method developed and influenced modern science. It describes how figures like Aristotle, Copernicus, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes helped establish the scientific method of making observations, conducting experiments, and using evidence and logic to draw conclusions. The document then explains how later scientists like Blaise Pascal and Isaac Newton applied this scientific method to challenge prior theories, such as Aristotle's views and the geocentric model of the universe. Overall, the scientific method allowed scientists to process ideas and justify discoveries through reason and experimentation rather than just accepting prior authorities, leading to the revolution of modern science.

Uploaded by

Itzel Nava
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Itzel Nava

Humanities 4
Period 2-6
11-10-20

Standing On the Shoulders of Giants


“Be a free thinker and don't accept everything you hear is true. Be critical and evaluate
what you believe in”- Aristotle. Aristotle is most known for his philosophies by fusing logic with
observation to make claims or else called theories. However, as time changes the way of thinking
and the way of processing our thinking change too. Capernicus was the one who started this way
of thinking, he defied the biblical observation of how earth was placed and used his observations
and evidence to prove his new conclusion. Later on a new method was created in order to sort
our ideas into a conclusion using evidence from experiments. This was used by the new
generation of scientists and they were based on the Scientific Method.
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes were the ones who developed and improved the
Scientific Method which made science revolutionize science into modern science. Francis
Bacon mentions these substantial points in his writing saying,“Observation and experiment for
gathering material, induction and deduction for elaborating it: these are only good intellectual
tools.” As can be seen, Bacon was all about experience and observation and analyzing these
things to come to a conclusion. These were the main key points that were used in order to
develop the scientific method. Furthermore, Rene Descartes even stated, “ To cultivate my
reason and in advancing myself as much as possible in the knowledge of the truth in accordance
with the method which i have prescribed myself, I have experienced so much satisfaction since
beginning to use this method.” In short, we can demonstrate that Descartes even applied this
method to himself and has enjoyed using it, and even found things more interesting. We can also
see that Descartes frequently uses this method to prove his reasonings. Unquestionably, the
Scientific Method was something that Scientist like Bacon and Descartes leaned on for proving
their discoveries and has greatly influenced them in their way of thinking and creating the, “New
Science.”
With the Scientific Method many scientists have now moved on from the old way of
thinking and how the world works especially Blaise Pascal and Isaac Newton. Blaise Pascal
states this in his writing of Pensees,“ Reason commands us far more imperiously than a master.”
Evidently, Pascal means that reason with evidence can even overcome the teachings of someone
with expertise,Pascal was for the most part an empiricist and experimentalist who held that our
knowledge of the natural world is acquired through the senses and must be tested and empirically
verified by experiment. Surely, Pascal is referring to ancient scientists and philosophers like
Aristotle. As revealed by Isaac, “ The six Planets revolved about the sun, in circles concentric
with the sun,” in his writing of Principia. Again, Newton developed his laws of motion and
gravity and proved, among other things, laws of planetary motions, dispelling any uncertainties
about the heliocentric model. Clearly, Newton has left the idea of how the earth was the center
(Geocentric) and used his reasoning and the scientific method to prove his discovery. In final
analyzes, these scientists now have a new way of thinking and processing their ideas on how to
justify their discoveries instead of believing geniuses from ancient times.
The Scientific Method has helped scientists like Bacon, Descartes, Pascal, and Isaac to
move on to the “Modern Science” and have a new way to process ideas, experiment and gain
evidence to prove their discoveries. And to also see the world from a different perspective and to
use reasoning.

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