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Fuzzy Sets: Lesson 01 Dewi Yanti Liliana, M.Kom

This document introduces fuzzy sets and their key concepts and operations. It begins by reviewing crisp (conventional) sets and their notation. Fuzzy sets allow for partial membership, where elements can belong to a set to a certain degree rather than fully belonging or not. The document defines fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers graphically. It also covers fuzzy set operations like complement, union, and intersection. α-cuts convert a fuzzy set into crisp sets by selecting a membership level α.

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Moh Shohib Habibi
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119 views41 pages

Fuzzy Sets: Lesson 01 Dewi Yanti Liliana, M.Kom

This document introduces fuzzy sets and their key concepts and operations. It begins by reviewing crisp (conventional) sets and their notation. Fuzzy sets allow for partial membership, where elements can belong to a set to a certain degree rather than fully belonging or not. The document defines fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers graphically. It also covers fuzzy set operations like complement, union, and intersection. α-cuts convert a fuzzy set into crisp sets by selecting a membership level α.

Uploaded by

Moh Shohib Habibi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FUZZY SETS

LESSON 01
Dewi Yanti Liliana, M.Kom
Learning Objectives
• Reviews the concepts and notations of sets
(crisp sets)
• Introduces the concepts of fuzzy sets. (Convex
set, α - cut operation)
• Cardinality of fuzzy set and fuzzy number

Material sources is taken from First Course on Fuzzy Theory and Applications, Lee, K.H.
Elements of Sets
• An universal set X is defined in the universe of discourse and it includes all
possible elements related with the given problem.
• If we define a set A in the universal set X, we see the following
relationships:

• a set A is included in the universal set X.


• If A is not included in X the relationship is:

• If an element x is included in the set A, this element is called as a member


of the set and the notation is:

• If the element x is not included in the set A the notation is:


• represent a set by enumerating its elements. For example,
• elements a1, a2, a3, an are the elements of set A, it is represented as:

• Another representing method

• The number of elements is called cardinality


• The cardinality of set A is denoted by |A|.
• If the cardinality |A| is a finite number, the set A is a finite set.
• If |A| is infinite, A is an infinite set.
Relation between Sets
• A set consists of sets is called a family of sets.
• For example, a family set containing sets A1, A2,… is represented by

• where i is a set identifier and I is an identification set.


• If all the elements in set A are also elements of set B, A is a subset of B.

• If ; then A and B have the same elements ( A = B )


• If ; then B has elements which is not involved in A. In
this case, A is called a proper subset of B

• A set that has no element is called an empty set Ø.


• An empty set can be a subset of any set.
Membership

• The number of elements in a set A is denoted by the cardinality |A|.


• A power set P(A) is a family set containing the subsets of set A represented
by
Operation of Sets
• Complement
Operation of Sets (cont.)
• Union
• X

• D

• F

• d
Operation of Sets (cont.)
• Intersection
Characteristics of Crisp Set
• Feature of Crisp Set
Convex Set

In other ways, if every point on the line connecting two points s and r in
A is also in A.
Fuzzy Set
Graphical representation of crisp set
Graphical representation of fuzzy set
• Example: Consider fuzzy set ‘two or so’. In this instance, universal set X are
the positive real numbers.
Fuzzy Set
Example #1
• The term “Young age” is vague.
• When we refer “young” might be in range [0 80]  it is a continuous set
• The horizontal axis shows age and the vertical axis means the numerical
value of membership function.
• The line shows possibility (value of
• membership function) of being contained in the fuzzy set "young".
• Ten year-old boy may well be young. So the possibility for the "age ten” to
join the fuzzy set of "young is 1. Also that of "age twenty seven" is 0.9.
• We might not say young to a person who is over sixty and the possibility of
this case is 0.
• If we add “very young” set, it means that the age should be lowered (the
line is moved leftward as in the figure).
• only the person who is under forty years old can be included in the set of
"very young".
• That is, if we denote A= "young" and B="very young",
Fuzzy Set
Example #2
• Define a fuzzy set A ={real number near 0}. The boundary for set “real
number near 0” is pretty ambiguous. The possibility of real number x to be
a member of prescribed set can be defined by the following membership
function.
• We can also write the fuzzy set with the function.

• Another fuzzy set A ={real number very near 0} can be defined and its
membership function is
the possibility of 1 is 0.25, that of 2 is 0.04 and of 3 is 0.01
Expansion of Fuzzy Set
• Definition (Type-n Fuzzy Set) The value of membership degree might
• include uncertainty. If the value of membership function is given by a
• fuzzy set, it is a type-2 fuzzy set. This concept can be extended up to Type-
n fuzzy set.
• Consider set A= “adult”. The membership function of this set maps whole
age to “youth”, “manhood” and “senior”.

Fuzzy Set of Type-2


• For instance, for any person x, y, and z,

• The values of membership for “youth” and “manhood” are also fuzzy sets ,
and thus the set “adult” is a type-2 fuzzy set.
Relation between Universal Set and
Fuzzy Set
• If there are a universal set and a crisp set, we consider the set as a subset
of the universal set. In the same way, we regard a fuzzy set A as a subset of
universal set X.
• Example: Let X = {a, b, c} be a universal set.
Example of Fuzzy Set
• Consider a universal set X which is defined on the age domain.
X = {5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85}
• The maximum value of the membership is called “height”.
• Suppose this “height” of some fuzzy sets is 1, this fuzzy set is
“normalized”. The sets “young”, “adult” and “senior” are normalized as in
the figure bellow

Non-Normalized Fuzzy Set and Normalized Fuzzy Set


α-Cut Set
• S

• note that α is arbitrary. This α-cut set is a crisp set.


• Example: The α -cut set is derived from fuzzy set “young” by giving 0.2 to α
Young0.2 = {15, 25, 35, 45}
• If α =0.4, Young0.4 = {25, 35, 45}
• If α =0.8, Young0.8 = {25, 35}.
• c
Convex Fuzzy Set
Fuzzy Number
• fuzzy number (fuzzy set) represents a real number interval whose
boundary is fuzzy.
The Magnitude of Fuzzy Set
Subset of Fuzzy Set
Standard Operation of Fuzzy Set
• Complement

• Union
• Intersection

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