Certain verbs are always followed by a verb in the - These verbs include: imagine, hate, like, dislike, keep,

ing form (NOT the infinitive): love, prevent, remember, risk, see, stop, mind.
I enjoy listening to the radio. 3 Some verbs can be followed by either form, with very
little or no change in meaning. These verbs include:
I enjoy to listen to the radio. ✗
hate, like, love, prefer.
These verbs include: avoid, can’t help, consider, You can use -ing after these verbs to describe the
dislike, enjoy, fancy, finish, imagine, involve, keep, action (or activities) in general:
mention, mind, don’t mind, miss, postpone, practise,
I like reading science fiction novels. / I like to
report, risk, stand, can’t stand, suggest.
read science fiction novels. I love singing. / I
Verb 1 preposition 1 -ing love to sing.
When a preposition follows the first verb, the next You can also use the to infinitive after these
verb is in the -ing form: verbs to describe an action in certain
I learn by doing. circumstances or on specific occasions:
I apologise for cheating. I like to read the instructions first when I buy
something new.
See also Unit 52: Verbs and dependent prepositions
I love to sing when I’m on my own.
Verb 1 object 1 -ing You can use -ing or the to infinitive after some verbs
Some verbs can be followed by an object and a verb in with no change in meaning. These verbs include:
the -ing form: begin, start, continue, can’t bear.
I don’t like other people helping me. I always aim to finish the job when I start to work on
This fence prevents the animals running away. something. 3
I always aim to finish the job when I start working on See also Unit 63 for changes in meaning with
something. 3 infinitive and -ing.
Practical Grammar 3 1 © National Geographic Learning

Upper Intermediate Unit

5a Exercises

1 Complete the sentences with the pairs of verbs. Change the form of the verbs where necessary.
apologise 1 be can’t help 1 think enjoy 1 play mind 1 stay
prevent 1 break start 1 work worry 1 cook

1 My family always enjoy playing board games.

2 When did you start to work for this company?
3 We mind for staying late, but we’ve been stuck in traffic.
4 Don’t worry about cooking dinner for me.
5 This lock will burglars into your house.
6 My parents don’t prevent you breaking at our house.
7 I cant help thinking that he lied to us.

2 Complete the conversation. Write the word in brackets in the -ing form or as an infinitive. Then listen
and check.
A: Did you enjoy 1 taking (take) the quiz?
B: Yes, it was interesting. I discovered that I’m good at 2 to do (do) creative things.
A: So you’re right-brain dominant?
B: Yes, I am. I don’t appear 3 to am (be) as good with details. What about you?
A: I was a mixture. On the whole I learn by studing (study) the rules first, and afterwards I attempt 5 to
4

answer (answer) questions one by one. That’s left-brain dominant. But I also risk 6 making (make)
mistakes from time to time, which is more right brain.
B: Have you asked anyone else in the class 7 to try (try) the quiz?
A: Not yet. I was thinking of 8 asking (ask) Pietro.
B: Good idea. I’d expect the test 9 showing (show) that he’s left-brain dominant. A: Me
too. But you never know!

3 Underline the correct options in italics. In some sentences both options are possible.
1 I love reading / to read poetry.
2 Getting a driving licence involves taking / to take a test.
3 Pretend liking / to like her cooking or she’ll be upset.
4 When did you begin collecting / to collect stamps?
5 He hates asking / to ask for help.
 6 I demand seeing / to see the manager!
7 Remind the children tidying / to tidy their rooms.
8 Even after the police have caught them, some people continue breaking / to break the law. 9 Why do you always
keep people waiting / to wait?
10 Some people prefer studying / to study online instead of learning in a classroom.

4 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. Use a verb in the -ing form or as an infinitive.
1 Recently, I’ve
started . 2 In my
spare time, I love
. 3 I can’t bear
people .
4 When choosing a film, I always prefer .

Practical Grammar 3 2 © National Geographic Learning