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(Reaffirmed 2014) 
IS 13370 :  1992
(Reaffirmed 2008)
(Reaffirmed 2013) 
(Reaffirmed 2019)
 

(Reaffirmed 2012) 

Indian Standard (Reaffirmed 2011) 

LINEAR FATTY ALCOHOLS FOR SURFACE  

ACTIVE AGENTS — SPECIFICATION

(Reaffirmed 2010) 

(Reaffirmed 2009) 
UDC 661.72 : 661.185
 

(Reaffirmed 2008) 

(Reaffirmed 2007) 

(Reaffirmed 2006) 

(Reaffirmed 2005) 

© BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
March 1992 Price Group 3
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Soaps and Other Surface Active Agents Sectional Committee, CHD 025

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Soaps and Other Surface Agents Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council.

Linear fatty alcohols are used as starting materials for various types of surfactants. The surfactants
derived from these alcohols have good emulsifying, dispersing, wetting and detergent properties.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
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IS 13370 : 1992

Indian Standard
LINEAR FATTY ALCOHOLS FOR SURFACE
ACTIVE AGENTS — SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE 4.2 Flaked alcohols shall be packed in HDPE bags
with polyethylene liner.
This standard prescribes the requirements and
methods of sampling and test for linear fatty alcohols, 4.3 Fused alcohols shall be packed in open mouth
namely, octanols, decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl (MS) drums.
alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl and mixtures of lauryl-
myristyl and cetyl-stearyl alcohol for use in the manu- 5 MARKING
facture of surface active agents.
The containers shall be legibly and indelibly marked
2 REFERENCES with the following information:
The following Indian Standards are necessary ad- a) Name of the material;
juncts to this standard:
b) Net mass of the material;
IS No. Title
c) Indication of the source of manufacture;
286 : 1978 Methods of sampling and test for
soaps ( second revision ) d) Batch number or lot number in code or other-
wise; and
1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water ( third
revision ) e) Month and year of manufacture.
2362 : 1973 Determination of water by the Karl
Fischer method ( first revision ) 6 SAMPLING
3 REQUIREMENTS The method of drawing representative samples of the
material, number of tests to be performed and the
3.1 Description criteria for conformity of the material to the require-
The fatty alcohols shall be straight chain even ments of this specification shall be as prescribed in
numbered saturated alcohols represented by the Annex B.
general formula R – OH, where R is an alkyl group.
The carbon chain length of the alkyl group may vary 7 TESTS
from C3 to C18.
3.1.1 These may be mixtures of one or more alcohols 7.1 Tests to evaluate the characteristics prescribed in
from the above mentioned range. Table 1 shall be carried out as prescribed in the
relevant clauses of Annex A. Reference to relevant
3.2 The material shall also comply with the clauses of Annex A is given in col 13 of Table 1.
requirements given in Table 1 when tested according
to the methods prescribed in Annex A and IS 286 : 7.2 Quality of Reagents
1978. Reference to relevant clauses of Annex A and
IS 286 : 1978 is given in col 12 and 13 of Table 1. Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and dis-
tilled water (see IS 1070 : 1992) shall be used in tests.
4 PACKING
4.1 Liquid alcohols shall be packed in closed mouth NOTE – 'Pure chemicals' shall mean chemicals that do not
contain impurities which affect the results of analysis.
(MS) drums.
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Table 1 Requirements for Linear Fatty Alcohols for Surface Active Agents

IS 13370 : 1992
(Clause 3.2)
Sl Characteristic Types Cetyl- Method of Test,
No. Stearyl Ref to
Octanol Decanol Lauryl Lauryl- Myristyl Cetyl Stearyl Cetyl Alcohol Cl No. in
Myristyl
Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Stearyl II IS 286 Annex A
Alcohol
(I)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)
i) Appearance,
at 30°C Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid — —
(fused) (flakes) (flakes) (flakes) (flakes)
ii) Colour
Hazes, Max 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 – A-1
iii) Hydroxyl value 415-423 345-155 295-306 285-295 255-265 225-235 200-210 210-225 205-220 — A-2
iv) Acid value, Max — A-3
v) Saponification
value, Max – A-4
2

vi) Iodine value, Max 0.5 17 —

vii) Moisture, percent
by mass, Max – A-5
viii) Hydrocarbon, percent — A-6
by mass, Max
ix) Composition by GLC, percent

C6 0-0.5, Min
C2 90, Min 0.5 — — — — — — — — A-7
C10 0-10 90, Min 0-2 0-2 — — — — — —
C12 — 0-5 95, Min 70-75 0-5 — — — 0-2 —
Cl4 –
— 0-5 25-30 90, Min 0-5 0-3 2-7
–
0-2 0-5 90, Min 0-5 40-60 25-35
C16 – — — — — 0-5 95, Min 40-60 60-70 —
C20 – — — — — — 0-2 0-3 0-2 —
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IS 13370 : 1992
ANNEX A
( Table 1, Clauses 3.2 and 7.1 )
METHODS OF TEST FOR LINEAR FATTY ALCOHOLS FOR SURFACE
ACTIVE AGENTS

A-1 DETERMINATION OF COLOUR (HAZEN) where

A-1.1 Apparatus B = volume in ml of potassium hydroxide solu-
tion required for blank,
A-1.1.1 APHA (Hazen) Colorimeter S = volume in ml of potassium hydroxide solu-
tion acetylated sample.
A-1.1.2 Nessler Cylinders
N = normality of potassium hydroxide solu-
2 cm internal diameter, 12 cm long with marking at tion, and
4.7 cm.
M = mass in g of the sample.
A-1.2 Procedure
A-3 DETERMINATION OF ACID VALUE
Fill one Nessler cylinder with water and other with
fatty alcohol. Put the colorimeter wheel marked with A-3.0 Acid value is the number of milligrams of
No. 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70. See through the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free fatty
lens and rotate colorimeter the wheel till both sides of acids in 1 g of sample.
colorimeter show same colour. Note down the reading
of colorimeter. A-3.1 Reagents
A-3.1.1 Alcoholic Sodium Hydroxide — 0.1 N.
A-2 DETERMINATION OF HYDROXYL
VALUE A-3.1.2 Methanol
A-3.1.3 Isopropanol
The hydroxyl value is the number of milligrams of
potassium hydroxide equivalent to the hydroxyl con- A-3.2 Procedure
tent of one gram of sample.
Weigh accurately about 10 g of the sample into a
A-2.1 Reagents conical flask. Add about 25 ml of a 2 : 1 mixture of
methanol : isopropanol previously neutralized with 0.1
A-2.1.1 Acetylating Reagents N sodium hydroxide to a faint pink phenolphthalein
colour. Warm to dissolve the sample and titrate against
Freshly prepared before use by mixing 25 ml of acetic 0.1 sodium hydroxide to the same faint pink colour.
anhydride with 75 ml pyridine.
A-3.3 Calculation
A-2.1.2 Methanol
A-2.1.3 Isopropanol Acid value =
A-2.1.4 Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide — 0.5 N.
where
A-2.2 Procedure T = ml of sodium hydroxide required for
Weigh 0.5 to 0.6 g of the sample into a stoppered neutralization,
conical flask. Add 5 ml of the freshly prepared N = normality of hydroxide solution, and
acetylating reagent accurately by a pipette. Attach an
air condenser and reflux on a steam bath for 1 hour. M = mass in g of the sample.
Add 5 ml of distilled water through the air condenser.
Reflux for a further 10 minutes. Cool to room tem- A-4 DETERMINATION OF SAPONIFICATION
perature. Rinse the air condenser and the neck of the VALUE
flask temperature. Rinse the air condenser and the
neck of the flask with 25 ml of a neutralized mixture of A-4.0 Saponification value is the number of milli-
2 : 1 methanol : Isopropanol. Titrate against 0.5 N grams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1 g
alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Conduct a duplicate of sample.
and two blanks simultaneously.
A-4.1 Reagents
A-2.3 Calculation
A-4.1.1 Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide — 0.1 N.
Hydroxyl value = A-4.1.2 Hydrochloric Acid — 0.1 N.

3
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IS 13370 : 1992
A-4.2 Procedure upside down into the silicagel tube and allow the
pentane to drip when the round flask is empty, the
Accurately weigh about 3 to 5 g of the sample into a sample flask is washed by 50 ml pentane, which is
250 -ml stoppered conical flask. Add accurately 40 ml transferred to the long necked flask and dripped through
of 0.1 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide to the sample the silicagel tube. This takes about two hours. After
from a burette and reflux on a sand bath/mantle with an this, remove the 100-ml flask in which the pentane,
air condenser for 30 minutes. Titrate against 0.1 N
with extracts, is collected and put another 50 ml
hydrochloric acid with phenolphthalein indicator.
pentane through the silicagel and collect it in a sepa-
Conduct a blank estimation simultaneously.
rate flask.
A-4-3 Calculation For C18 and other alcohols with a high melting point,
the silicagel tube shall be heated with a heating bulb.
The heating bulb is placed at a distance from the
Saponification = column sufficient to keep the alcohol in a liquid state.
value
Care should be taken that the pentane does not boil.
where After the extraction is complete, evaporate the pentane
B = ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid required for from the 100-ml flask on the steam bath until about
neutralization of blank; 5 ml solution is left in the flask. Transfer this solution
to a dry and weighed (M) aluminium bowl. Wash the
S = ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution; flask twice with 5 ml of pentane. Keep the aluminium
N = normality of hydrochloric acid solution, bowl on the steam bath and gently evaporate the
and pentane. Watch the pentane evaporation closely, and
when bubbling ceases, remove the bowl immediately.
M = mass in g of the sample. Keep the bowl in the vacuum desiccator at ambient
temperature for 15 minutes. Weigh the aluminium
A-5 DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE bowl again ( N ). The difference in mass (N -M )
gives the hydrocarbon weight. The second extrac-
A-5.1 Outline of the Method tion with 50 ml pentane is done in the same way and
the hydrocarbon determination should not be more
The method determines the actual water content of the than 1 mg.
material by titration with Karl Fischer reagent which
reacts quantitatively with water. A-6.3 Calculation
A-5.2 Procedure Hydrocarbon,
Take about 20 g of material, weigh accurately and percent by mass =
determine the moisture content by the procedure given
in IS 2362 : 1973.

A-6 DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBON

where
The analysis measures the hydrocarbon content in
fatty alcohols. The principle in the analysis is the N = mass in g of the residue,
absorption of the fatty alcohols on silicagel, while the
hydrocarbons are not absorbed. M = mass in g of the aluminium bowl, and
a = mass in g of the sample.
A-6.1 Reagents
A-6.1.1 Pentane A-7 DETERMINATION OF COMPOSITION BY
GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
A-6.2 Procedure
A-7.1 The percentage of various fatty alcohols in a
Weigh accurately about 2 g of sample into a 100-ml
given sample is determined by gas liquid
flask and add it 50 ml of pentane to it. If it is an alcohol
chromatography. Details of a typical procedure is
with a high melting point then it has to be melted first
given below.
in a steam bath and weighed promptly and, after
adding pentane, the mixture has to be heated.
A-7.2 Any suitable gas liquid chromatograph may be
Take a glass tube of 50 cm length and 1.2 cm internal used.
diameter. Fill the bottom of the tube with some glass
and press it together with a metal rod. Fill up with A-7.3 Details of Operation
powdered silicagel (800-200 mesh) and gently tap the
tube against a wooden plate about 30 times until the Sample injected as fatty alcohol:
column is 45 cm full.
Column . 22.86 × 0.317 5 cm/OD SS
Place a 100-ml flask underneath the tube. Transfer the
sample solution by a small funnel to a round flask with Packing : packed with 5 percent SE - 30 on
a long and narrow neck. Put the long necked flask chromosorb WAW DMCS

4
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IS 13370 : 1992
Sample size : 0.1 to 0.2 microlitres as 50 Carrier gas : Nitrogen 40 ml/min gas flow
percent solution in chloroform
Detector : Flame ionization detector
Programming : Tempenture programming Injection Temp : 250°C
110°C
Detector Temp : 300°C
( 1 Min ) – 7°C/Min – 220°C
hold NOTE — These conditions may, however, be altered depending
upon the availability of the type of the instrument.

ANNEX B
( Clause 6 )
B-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR Table 2 Number of Containers to be Selected
SAMPLING from Lots of Different Sizes
Lot Size Sample Size
B-1.1 Samples shall be taken in a protected place not
N n
exposed to damp air, dust or soot.
(1) (2)
B-1.2 The sampling instrument shall be clean and dry. Up to 15 3
16 to 40 4
B-1.3 Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, 41 to 65 5
66 to 110 7
the material being sampled, the sampling instrument 111 and above 10
and containers for samples from adventitious con-
tamination. B-2.3 In order to ensure randomness of selection, the
following procedure is recommended for use:
B-1.4 To draw a representative sample, the contents
of each container selected for sampling shall be mixed "Arrange all the containers in the lot in a sys-
as thoroughly as possible by suitable means. tematic manner and starting from any one count
themas 1,2,3 , up to r and so on, where r is the
B-1.5 The samples shall be placed in suitable, clean, integral part of N/n (N and n being the lot size
dry and air-tight glass bottles or other containers on and sample size respectively). Every rth pack-
which the material has no action. age thus counted shall be withdrawn to give a
sample for the test."
B-1.6 The sample containers shall be of such a size
that ullage of about 5 percent is left after pouring in the B-3 COMPOSITE SAMPLE
sample. From each of the containers selected according
to B-2.3, a representative portion of the material from
B-1.7 Each sample container shall be sealed air-tight different parts of the container shall be drawn. From
after filling and marked with full details of sampling, each of these individual portions, an equal quantity of
the date of sampling and other details, if any. the material shall be taken and thoroughly mixed to
constitute a composite sample not less than 1 500 g.
B-2 SCALE OF SAMPLING The composite sample shall be divided into three equal
parts, one for the purchaser, another for the supplier
B-2.1 Lot and the third to be used as a referee sample. These shall
be transferred to clean containers and labelled with full
identification particulars of the sample. Referee samples
All the containers in a single consignment of the shall be used in case of any dispute between the
material drawn from a single batch of manufacture purchaser and the supplier.
shall constitute a lot. If a consignment is declared to
consist of different batches of manufacture, the batches B-4 TESTS
shall be marked separately and the containers in each
batch shall constitute a separate lot. Tests for the determination of all the characteristics
given in 3.1 and Table 1 shall be carried out on the
composite sample.
B-2.2 For ascertaining the conformity of the material
in any lot to the requirements of this specification, B-5 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
samples shall be tested for each lot separately. The
number of containers to be selected at random from For declaring the conformity of the lot to this specifi-
lots of different sizes shall be in accordance with cation, the test results on the composite sample shall
Table 2. meet the corresponding requirements specified in the
standard.

5
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Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the
producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity
to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the
use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained
from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
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following reference :

Doc : No. CHD 025 ( 9099 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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