Ejasmo Singapore and Asian Schools Math Olympiad Primary 2 (Grade 2) — GEP Practice 2014 to 2018 Contest Problems with Full Solutions Contributors: Henry Ong, BSc, MBA, CMA Merlan Nagidulin, BSc Rosa Anajao, MSc © Singapore International Math Contests Centre (SIMCC) All Rights Reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including Photocopying and recording, or by any information of retrieval system, without the prior permission ofthe publisher,About the Authors: Henry Ong is the Founder of SASMO and President of Singapore International Math Contest Centre (SIMCC). He still conducts Math Olympiad classes, not only in Singapore but also around the 20 countries that have joined SASMO. He now travels round the world giving out awards and scholarships to students and teachers. He is now promoting new contests, International Scholastic Trust Teachers’ Institute (IST!) and International Junior Honor Society (WHS). Merlan Nagidulin is the Academic Director for Math Olympiad and General Manager of SIMCC. Merlan graduated with a Bachelor of Science, Honours in Mathematical Sciences from Nanyang Technological University. Merlan won 2 gold medals in Kazakhstan National Math Olympiad and was awarded a bronze medal in the most prestigious International Math Olympiad (IMO Slovenia 2008). Rosa Anajao earned her master's degree in Physics from University of Waterloo, Canada and her master’s degree in Mathematics in University of Alberta, Canada. She received the Perimeter Scholars international graduate scholarship from Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. She is SIMCC’s Senior Math Olympiad Lecturer. Rosa did a research in topological string theory and algebraic geometry. Rosa participated in numerous math olympiads and reached the final stage of national level competitions in Philippines. Publisher Noble Education Pte Ltd specialises in printing educational resources and educational games. We introduced many thinking games and puzzles to MOE schools in Singapore and overseas. We help students, teachers and entrepreneurs to self-publish their own titles. We print contest papers for all Singapore International Math Contest Centre (SIMCC} academic competitions world-wide. Noble Education Pte Ltd ~ 55 Lor L Telok Kurau, 03-69, Bright Centre, Singapore 425500 SIMCC ~ 1 Goldhil Plaza, 03-23 Podium Block, Singapore 308899 Website: www.simec.org Copyright © 2018 by SIMCC llrightsreserved, No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, Including photocopying and recording, or by any information or retrieval ystem, except as may be expressly permitted by the Copyright Act of 1976 ar in writing tothe Publisher, Requests for Permission should be addressed to Permissions, Mr Henry Ong, 0 55 Lor L Tel Kurau, 05-6, Bright Centre, Singapore 425500 or emai: acmin@sim Fist Editon printed in Singapore, 2018 \SBN:978-981-11.9506-8Table of Contents International Scholastic Trust President's Message.. Competition and Prizes .. Introduction .... Problem Solving Procedure. Problem Solving Strategi SASMO 2014 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Contest ... SASMO 2015 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Contest ... SASMO 2016 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Contest ... SASMO 2017 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Contest SASMO 2018 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Contest .... Solutions to SASMO 2014 Primary 2 (Grade 2) ... Solutions to SASMO 2015 Primary 2 (Grade 2) ... Solutions to SASMO 2016 Primary 2 (Grade 2) ... Solutions to SASMO 2017 Primary 2 (Grade 2) Solutions to SASMO 2018 Primary 2 (Grade 2) ...International Scholastic Trust President’s Message October 21, 2018 Dear SASMO contestants, teachers and parents, We have grown from solving a single problem — giving Singapore students a chance to take a more encouraging contest, versus Hwa Chong Institution's SMOPS and Raffles Institution's RIPMWC. Today, all levels of students from Primary 1 to Junior College year 2 have many international mathematics contests such as NUS High School's NMOS, ACS Independent's Mathlympics, ‘SMO, AMC, AMC 8 and SIMCC’s AMO, Math Kangaroo, SIMOC, IJMO and Singa to compete in to discover their potential and gain recognition. Those students who win awards have been able to gain admission into top schools as well as win prestigious scholarships. Students from SASMO and the American Mathematics Olympiad (AMO) who win Gold, Silver and Bronze awards are invited to compete at Singapore International math Olympiad Challenge (SIMOC). Those who win Gold and Silver medals from SASMO and AMO qualify to compete with the best math talent in the world at the International Junior Math Olympiad (IJMO). We are glad that we have opened up more pathways for our students to discover their passion. Not only in mathematics, but also in Science, Computational Thinking, Informatics and Memory! Not only working alone in competitions but working with teams and students from different countries. Not only competing, but also celebrating our honours as we bring the best together in the International Junior Honor Society (ISHS). When the best students get together, we collaborate, discuss and share. Leaders’ Give and Givers’ Get — as we contribute to the community together at the Young Achievers Leadership Academy (YALA). With this publication of the 2014 to 2018 SASMO 5 years’ contests series, we hope to share the secrets of our success. How, by tackling many of these problems, many of our neighbourhood students’ have made it to the top schools of their choice during the annual Direct School Admissions (DSA) application. So, apply to take part in the various academic competitions that you are keen in and reach for the stars. Best Regards, Henry Ong PresidentCompetition and Prizes SASMO is devoted and dedicated to bringing a love for Mathematics to students. Unlike most Math Olympiad Competitions, SASMO caters not only to students in the top 5% but to the top 40% instead. It aims to arouse students’ interest and enthusiasm for mathematical problem solving, develop mathematical intuition, reasoning and logical thinking, as well as creative and critical thinking. In addition, this can help improve the students’ math grades because they can apply problem-solving strategies learnt during the training to their daily school mathematics. History: Created in 2006, SASMO is one of the largest Math Olympiads in the Asian region. We have expanded the competition to provide an International platform for students from Primary 2 to Secondary 4, with differentiated contest papers for every level. SASMO awards medals and certificates to the top 40% of participants. Calculators are not permitted When a problem introduces a more advanced concept, all necessary definitions are included. Awards: Each participant receives a Certificate of Participation or an award certificate for winners below. Each of the top 8%, 12% and 20% of all participants receives a Gold, Silver or Bronze medal and certificate respectively. Each student who achieves a Perfect Score of 85 points receives a Perfect Score certificate, Gold medal and $100.Introduction For Students Taking the Math Olympiad Challenge Congratulations. You have embarked on a journey of scholarship. Competitions like SASMO open many doors for you. Firstly, you learn new and interesting approaches to problem-solving and new topics. Next, you will meet talented students from other schools as you attend trainings and competitions. You build your endurance to “puzzle” out challenging problems and build your reputation as a problem solver, Finally, you will be exposed to various international competitions and scholarship opportunities. Here in Singapore, you increase your chances of getting into a top school via Direct School Admissions (DSA) and entry into the Gifted Education Programme as you compete regularly in high level competitions. This book is written for the participants in the Singapore and Asian Schools Math Olympiads (SASMO). It helps students to prepare well for the contest and develop higher-order thinking, All problems are designed to help students develop the ability to think mathematically, rather than to teach more advanced or unusual topics. The fun is in how you can see patterns and ways of solving each problem in non-technical ways even though you have not learnt the topic yet! In addition to the contest problems, the reader is provided with a list of familiar mathematical terms, as well as a review of some of the topics that are likely to be tested in the Olympiad. The book also contains some solved examples to provide different problem-solving techniques, and to familiarize the participant with different types of Olympiad questions. It is advised that the reader spends appropriate time studying these questions and solutions, as they will assist in tackling actual Olympiad problems.