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Structural
Steel
and
Timber
Design
SAB3233
Topic
4
Design
of
steel
structures
(BS
EN
1993)
Mohammad
Prof
Dr
Shahrin
Topic
10
-‐
ConnecIons
Topic
9
–
Trusses
Topic
1
-‐
Overview
Topic
8
–
Columns
Topic
2
-‐
Basis
of
Topic
7
–
Laterally
Structural
Structural
Design
unrestrained
beamss
Steel
Design
(BS
EN
1990)
Topic
6
–
Laterally
Topic
3
–AcIons
on
restrained
beams
Structures
(BS
EN
1991)
Topic
4
–
Design
of
Topic
5
–
Cross-‐secIon
steel
structures
classificaIon
(BS
EN
1993)
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Structural Eurocodes- an overview
BS EN 1990, Eurocode Structural safety,
Basis of Structural Design serviceability and durability
BS EN 1991, Eurocode 1
Actions on Structures Actions on structures
BS EN 1992, Eurocode 2: Concrete
BS EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Steel
BS EN 1994, Eurocode 4: Composite
BS EN 1995, Eurocode 5: Timber Design and detailing
BS EN 1996, Eurocode 6: Masonry
BS EN 1999, Eurocode 9: Aluminium
Geotechnical
BS EN 1997, Eurocode 7 BS EN 1998, Eurocode 8 and seismic
Geotechnical design Seismic design design
Eurocode 3: Design of steel
structures –
rules and rules
Part 1-1: General
for Buildings
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005
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Eurocode 3 : Content
Eurocode 3 : Content
3
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Eurocode 3 : Content
Eurocode 3 : Content
4
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• the
principles
of
design,
concept
and
formulaIon
are
generally
similar
to
BS5950
• the
main
differences
of
the
two
design
rules
are
only
in
the
symbols,
terms,
safety
factors
and
limits
adopted
• disIncIon
is
made
between
– principles
which
must
be
obeyed
– applicaIon
rules
which
follow
the
principles
but
alternaIve
methods
are
allowed
• design
capaciIes
in
EC3
are
categorised
under
cross-‐secIon
resistance
and
member
buckling
resistance
(based
on
structural
behaviour
and
not
based
on
element/member)
• based
on
limit
state
design
principles
which
require
that
specific
'failure'
condiIons
must
be
checked
for
both
ulImate
and
serviceability
condiIons
• variability,
principally
of
acIons
and
materials,
is
accounted
for
by
parIal
safety
factors
which
also
incorporate
a
global
margin
of
safety
• EC3
incorporates
theories
in
the
first-‐order
and
second
order
which
consider
the
effects
of
deformaIons
• EC3
allows
us
to
choose
the
degree
of
accuracy
of
the
structural
analysis
• allows
for
the
“advanced
analysis
approach”
in
analysis
and
design
as
an
alternaIve
to
simplified
design
method
10
5
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• frame
imperfecIon(P-‐D
and
P-‐d
effect
)
to
be
included
in
the
structural
modeling
of
frames
• a
comprehensive
informaIon
on
the
elasIc-‐perfectly
plasIc
and
elasto-‐plasIc
methods
for
conInuous
and
semi-‐conInuous
steel
framing
• providing
classificaIon
of
the
connecIons
based
on
strength
and
rigidity
• the
informaIon
on
frame
stability
is
presented
in
detailed
whilst
the
terms
sway
and
non-‐sway
frames
are
well
defined
11
Distinction between principles and
application rules
(1)
The
Principles
comprise
:
•
general
statements
and
definiIons
for
which
there
is
no
alternaIve
• requirements
and
analyIcal
models
for
which
no
alternaIve
is
permiZed
(2)
The
Principles
are
idenIfied
by
the
leZer
P
following
the
paragraph
number.
(3)
The
ApplicaIon
Rules
are
generally
recognised
rules
which
comply
with
the
Principles
and
saIsfy
their
requirements.
(4)
It
is
permissible
to
use
alternaIve
design
rules
different
from
the
applicaIon
Rules
given
in
EN
1990
for
works,
provided
that
it
is
shown
that
the
alternaIve
rules
accord
with
the
relevant
Principles
and
are
at
least
equivalent
with
regard
to
the
structural
safety,
serviceability
and
durability
which
would
be
expected
when
using
the
Eurocodes.
12
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2.1
Requirements
(1)
P
The
design
of
steel
structures
shall
be
in
accordance
with
the
general
rules
given
in
EN
1990.
2.2
Principles
of
limit
state
design
Limit
states
-‐
states
beyond
which
the
structure
no
longer
fulfils
the
relevant
design
criteria
UlImate
limit
states
–
states
associated
with
collapse
or
with
other
similar
forms
of
structural
failure.
UlImate
limit
state,
concerned
with
‘collapse’like
yielding,
buckling
and
overturning.
The
following
condiIons
should
be
considered:
1.
Stability:
overturning
(equilibrium)
2.
Strength:
including
local
and
overall
buckling
effects
where
appropriate
13
Serviceability
limit
states
–
states
that
correspond
to
condiIons
beyond
which
specified
service
requirements
for
a
structure
or
structural
member
are
no
longer
met.
Serviceability
limit
state,
concerned
with
‘funcIon’:
like
deflecIon
and
vibraIon.
Both
condiIons
are
associated
with
sIffness
rather
than
strength.
For
most
buildings,
controlling
deflecIons
will
also
limit
vibraIons
ParIal
safety
factors
are
applied
to
characterisIc
values
to
obtain
design
values
Suffices
k
and
d
are
used
to
signify
characterisIc
and
design
values
respecIvely
14
7
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ULS
Load
combinaIons
can
be
simplified
as:
1,35
Gk
+
1,5
Qk
where
Qk
is
the
dominant
imposed
load,
and
1,35
Gk
+
1,35Qk
where
there
are
more
than
one
imposed
loads
Where
loads
have
a
beneficial
effect:
0.9
Gk
SLS
Load
combinaIons
can
be
simplified
as:
1,0
Gk
+
1,0
Qk
where
Qk
is
the
dominant
imposed
load,
and
1,0
Gk
+
0,9
Qk
where
there
are
more
than
one
imposed
loads
15
Analyse
using
appropriate
methods
and
accounIng
for
variability
to
determine:
1.
Design
effects
{E},
and
2.
Design
resistance
{R}
Ensure
no
limit
state
is
exceeded
{R
>
E}
16
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Eurocode 3 – Design Checks
• Design
checks
are
required
and
it
depends
on
the
type
of
structure
• Frames
are
checked
for
• StaIc
equilibrium
• Frame
stability
• Resistance
of
cross-‐secIons
• Resistance
of
members
• Resistance
of
joints
• Tension
members
need
only
checked
for
resistance
of
cross-‐
secIons
17
2.3
Basic
variables
2.3.1
AcIons
and
environmental
influences
2.3.2
Material
and
product
properIes
18
9
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Material properties
• 3
nominal
grades
of
steel
(EN
10
025):
• Fe
360
nominal
strength
=235
N/mm2
• Fe
430
nominal
strength
=275
N/mm2
• Fe
510
nominal
strength
=355
N/mm2
• Strengths
reduce
for
t>40mm
and
100mm
• For
all
steels
E
=
210
kN/mm2
19
ProperIes
of
Steel
Yield
Strength
fy
Stress, σ
py
σult , Us
Stress, σ
E = 205kN/mm2
σyu
σy , Ys
Strain, ε
Ultimate
strain
Elastic Plastic
range range Strain hardening Necking and failure
Strain, ε
0
Typical stress-strain curve for structural mild Idealized stress-strain curve of BS 5950
steel obtained from a tensile test
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Eurocode 3
3. Materials –
yield strength-
hot rolled
21
Eurocode 3
3. Materials – Yield strentgh
Steel grade
EN 1993-1-1
Thickness range Yield strength, fy
(mm)
S235
t < 40
235
40 < t < 80
215
S275
t < 40
275
40 < t < 80
255
S355
t < 40
355
40 < t < 80
335
For more detail of material properties, refer to Table 3.1
22
11
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Eurocode 3
3. Materials –
yield strength-
hot rolled
23
Eurocode 3
3.
Materials
-‐
yield
strength-‐
SHS
24
12
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3.2 Structural steel - material properties
25
26
13
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Section Properties
EC BS 5950
Major axis y-y x-x
Minor axis z-z y-y
Along the member x-x -
Elastic modulus Wel Z
Plastic modulus Wpl S
Yield strength fy Py
3,456 3.456
Thank You
14
