For Even Roll Numbers
COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah
Campus
First Sessional Examinations (Fall 2021)
Department of: COMPUTER SCIENCE
Class/Program: BS(CS) Date: 05-05-2021 Time: 1 Hour 30 minutes
Subject: Data Communication and Networks
Instructor: Lubna Awan Maximum Marks: 30
Student Name: Registration #:
Question No. 1 (6 x 4 = 24)
Answer the following questions.
1. Consider the following signal encoding technique. Binary data are presented as input, am
for m= 1,2,3,…Two levels of processing occur. First, a new set of binary numbers are
produced:
B0=0
bm = (am + bm-1)mod 2
These are then encoded as
cm = bm - bm-1
On reception, the original data are recovered by:
am = cm mod 2
a. Verify that the received values of equal the transmitted values of am .
b. What sort of encoding is this?
2. For the bit stream 01001110, sketch the waveforms for each of the codes. Assume that
the signal level for the preceding bit for NRZI was high; the most recent preceding 1 bit
(AMI) has a negative voltage; and the most recent preceding 0 bit (pseudo ternary) has a
negative voltage.
3. The waveform of given Figure belongs to a Manchester encoded binary data stream.
Determine the beginning and end of bit periods (i.e., extract clock information) and give
the data sequence.
4. Because of the provision that a single flag can be used as both an ending and a starting
flag, a single bit error can cause problems.
a. Explain how a single bit error can merge two frames into one.
b. Explain how a single bit error can split a single frame into two frames.
5. Given IP Address – 172.16.0.0/25, find the number of subnets and the number of hosts
per subnet. Also, for the first subnet block, find the subnet address, first host ID, last
host ID and broadcast address.
6. Given an IP address & Subnet Mask, 192.168.1.58 and subnet mask is 255.255.255.240
Identify the original range of addresses.
Question No. 2 (6 x 1= 6)
User bits 101 (+ - +)
spread factor = 7. Find the chip sequences, sharing channel, digital signals and decoding
of composite signal.
For Odd Roll Numbers
COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah
Campus
First Sessional Examinations (Fall 2021)
Department of: COMPUTER SCIENCE
Class/Program: BS(CS) Date: 05-05-2021 Time: 1 Hour 30 minutes
Subject: Data Communication and Networks
Instructor: Lubna Awan Maximum Marks: 30
Student Name: Registration #:
Question No. 1 (4 x 6 = 24)
Answer the following questions shortly.
1. One positive side effect of bipolar encoding is that a bipolar violation (two consecutive + pulses
or two consecutive pulses separated by any number of zeros) indicates to the receiver that an error
has occurred in transmission. Unfortunately, upon the receipt of such a violation, the receiver
does not know which bit is in error (only that an error has occurred). For the received bipolar
sequence.
+-0+-0-+
which has one bipolar violation, construct two scenarios (each of which involves a different
transmitted bit stream with one transmitted bit being converted via an error) that will produce this
same received bit pattern.
2. For the bit stream 10101111, sketch the waveforms for each of the codes. Assume that the signal
level for the preceding bit for NRZI was high; the most recent preceding 1 bit (AMI) has a
negative voltage; and the most recent preceding 0 bit (pseudo ternary) has a negative voltage.
3. The waveform of given Figure belongs to a Manchester encoded binary data stream. Determine
the beginning and end of bit periods (i.e., extract clock information) and give the data sequence.
4. Using the example bit string given Figure, show the signal pattern on the line using NRZ-L
coding. Does this suggest a side benefit of bit stuffing?
5. Suppose a network with IP Address 192.16.0.0. is divided into 2 subnets, find number of
hosts per subnet.
Also, for the first subnet, find, Subnet Address, First Host ID, Last Host ID, Broadcast
Address
6. What is the Network ID, Broadcast Address, First Usable IP, or Last Usable IP on the subnetwork
that the node 192.168.1.15/26 and 172.29.217.11/22 belongs to?
Question No. 2 (6 x 1= 6)
1. User bits 110 (+ - +)
spread factor = 7. Find the chip sequences, sharing channel, digital signals and decoding
of composite signal.
