STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT OF

11/6/2020 Mrs. Pramila Shrestha

Residential Building At
Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal

THAPA CONSULTANCY PVT. LTD

KAVREPALANCHOWK, NEPAL

1
 To whom it may concern
This report comprises the summary of the structural design of Residential Building of Mrs. Pramila
Shrestha designed and developed by Thapa Consultancy (P) Ltd.,Panauti-10.This report consists of design
procedures adopted, assumptions made, and the input assign in the design. During design it is assumed
that the client will completely followed the architectural as well as the structural design. It is also assumed
that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.
The designer will not be responsible if any alteration or change to the structural system is made by the
client or contractor without the prior permission from the designer, or the alteration to the non-structural
system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or the weight of the whole building is altered
by more than 10 % of the design weight of the floor and the total weight.
The design calculations and derivations are limited to only to let the concerned people know the
methodology adopted. However, the calculation may be provided to the client or the concerned
authorities when needed, upon request.

…………………………………………..
Er. Sopan Gochhe
Thapa Consultancy.

2
Contents
Project Detail............................................................................................................................................. 6
.................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Building Design Parameters .................................................................................................................... 12
Materials ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Concrete .................................................................................................................................................. 13
Reinforcement ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Load Calculations .................................................................................................................................... 14
1.1.1 Dead Load ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.1.2 Live Loads ............................................................................................................................ 15
1.1.3 Seismic Loads ...................................................................................................................... 18
Modal time period and mass participation............................................................................................. 22
Load Combinations ................................................................................................................................. 22
1.1.4 Load combinations used for design .................................................................................... 23
2. Structural Analysis............................................................................................................................... 25
3D modeling of the building ................................................................................................................... 25
3. Design of Elements ............................................................................................................................. 68
3.1 Design of Column ........................................................................................................................ 69
3.2 Design of Beam ........................................................................................................................... 83
3.3 Design of Slab .................................................................................................................................... 90
3.4 Design of Stair Case........................................................................................................................... 91
3.5 Design of Footing ............................................................................................................................. 96
4. HENCE SAFE....................................................................................................................................... 102
5. HENCE SAFE....................................................................................................................................... 102
References ............................................................................................................................................ 106

3
Figure 1 Basement Floor Plan ....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 1 Ground Floor Plan ........................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 First Floor Plan ................................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 3 Second Floor Plan............................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3 Third Floor Plan ............................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3 Fourth Floor Plan.......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4 Dead Load Loading ........................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 5 Live Load Loading .......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 6 Floor Finish Loading ...................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 7 3-D Modelling................................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 8 Plan of Building FF ...................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 9 Elevation of Building at Grid A-A ............................................................................................... 28
Figure 10 Drift in X-Direction .................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 11 Drift in Y-Direction .................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 12 Deformed Shape (Load Combo 1.5*(DL+LL) ............................................................................... 32
Figure 13 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) ................................................................................................. 33
Figure 14 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A........................................................................................... 34
Figure 15 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B ........................................................................................... 35
Figure 16 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C ........................................................................................... 36
Figure 16 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D .......................................................................................... 37
Figure 17 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) .................................................................................................. 38
Figure 18 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A ........................................................................................... 39
Figure 19 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B ........................................................................................... 40
Figure 20 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C............................................................................................ 41
Figure 20 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D ........................................................................................... 42
Figure 21 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) ................................................................................................ 43
Figure 22 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A ......................................................................................... 44
Figure 23 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B ......................................................................................... 45
Figure 24 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C.......................................................................................... 46
Figure 24 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D ......................................................................................... 47
Figure 25 Longitudnal reinforcing Basement Floor Plan............................................................................. 48
Figure 25 Longitudnal reinforcing Ground Floor ........................................................................................ 49
Figure 26 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan FF Floor) ..................................................................................... 50
Figure 26 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan SF Floor) ..................................................................................... 51
Figure 27 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan 3F Plan) ....................................................................................... 52
Figure 28 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan 4FFloor) ....................................................................................... 53
Figure 29 Longitudnal Reinforcing(Elevation Grid A-A) .............................................................................. 54
Figure 30 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid B-B) ............................................................................. 55
Figure 31 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid D -D) ............................................................................ 56
Figure 31 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid C-C).............................................................................. 57
Figure 32 Rebar Percentage Basement ....................................................................................................... 58
Figure 32 Rebar Percentage GF................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 33 Rebar Percentage FF ................................................................................................................... 60

4
Figure 34 Rebar Percentage SF ................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 35 Rebar Percentage TF ................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 35 Rebar Percentage 4F ................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 36 Rebar Percentage A-A ................................................................................................................. 64
Figure 37 Rebar Percentage B-B ................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 38 Rebar Percentage D-D ................................................................................................................. 66
Figure 38 Rebar Percentage C-C ................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 40 FOOTING LOAD ........................................................................................................................... 97

5
Project Detail
Name of the Project : Mrs. Pramila Shrestha
Location :,Shreekhandapur -6, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk,Nepal
Type of Building : Residential Building with Special RC moment-resisting Frame
Plinth Area :.758.41 Sq. Ft
Story : Basement Storey +5 Storey (ACCESIBLE TERRACE)

Figure 1 Basement Floor Plan

6
Figure 2 Ground Floor Plan

7
Figure 3 First Floor Plan

8
Figure 4 Second Floor Plan

9
Figure 5 Third Floor Plan

10
Figure 6 Fourth Floor Plan

11
Building Design Parameters
The building consists of a RCC framed structure, which is essentially an assembly of cast-in-situ-
concrete beams and columns. Floors and roof consist of cast-in-place concrete slabs. Lateral load
resisting system consists of bare frame elements only and the system has been designed to meet
the ductility requirements of IS 13920 - 1993.

12
Materials

Following loads have been considered for the analysis and design of the building based on the
relevant Indian Standards.

Concrete
Concrete is to conform to IS 456: Structural use of concrete. Unless noted otherwise concrete is to
be normal-weight, with a typical dry density of 2400 kg/m3. Concrete is to achieve the 28-day cube
strength as 20 N/mm2.

Reinforcement
Reinforcement bars are to be in accordance with IS 456: specification for carbon steel bars for
the reinforcement of concrete is to be in accordance with IS 1786: specification for high
deformed steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete.
The following design strengths are to be used for the design of concrete and reinforcement.
Grade of Concrete : M20 for all structural elements
Grade of steel : High Yield Fe 500 N/mm2

13
Load Calculations

1.1.1 Dead Load

Dead loads are calculated on the basis of unit weights of the specified construction materials in
accordance with IS 875.
Reinforced concrete: 25 KN / m3
Brick work with plaster: 19.20 KN/m3
Sand/ cement screed: 20 KN/m2

Figure 7 Dead Load Loading

14
1.1.2 Live Loads

The Live Load for building has been adopted as given IS 875 - Part II Section I Loads for business
and office buildings.

For living rooms, bed room etc. 2 kN/m2

For staircases 3 kN/m2

For kitchen 2kN/m2

For balcony 3 kN/m2

For passage 3 kN/m2

For terrace 1.5 kN /m2

15
Figure 8 Live Load Loading

16
Figure 9 Floor Finish Loading

17
1.1.3 Seismic Loads
The building model has been analyzed as per IS 1893(part-I): 2002 in the analysis software
which will automatically calculate the seismic forces.
AUTO SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx
accordingto IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = X + Eccentricity Y
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.52sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa 1.36 Sa
= = 1.94
6.4.5] g T g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI g
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X + Ecc. Y 0.52 3532.77 314.97

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`

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
5F 14.1224 0 0
4F 11.2776 149.9937 0
TF 8.4328 108.9838 0
SF 5.588 47.6968 0
FF 2.7432 11.2753 0
Base 0 0 0

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Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Y + Eccentricity X
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period T = 0.52sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.35

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa 1.36 Sa
= = 1.82
6.4.5] g T g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y + Ecc. X 0.52 3532.77 314.97

20
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
5F 14.1224 0 0
4F 11.2776 0 149.9937
TF 8.4328 0 108.9838
SF 5.588 0 47.6968
FF 2.7432 0 11.2753
Base 0 0 0

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 Modal time period and mass participation
IS 1893: 2002 clause 7.8.4.2 states that number of modes to be used in the analysis should be such
that the sum total of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic
mass of the structure. Analysis was carried out for first 10 modes so that the mass participation
satisfies this criterion in both orthogonal directions. Error! Reference source not found. shows time p
eriod and mass participation ratio for all modes.

Participating Mass Ratios

Case Mode Period UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ
sec
Modal 1 0.739 0.0095 0.6989 0 0.0095 0.6989 0
Modal 2 0.639 0.8197 0.0162 0 0.8292 0.7151 0
Modal 3 0.585 0.0068 0.1462 0 0.8359 0.8613 0
Modal 4 0.252 0.0139 0.0853 0 0.8498 0.9467 0
Modal 5 0.216 0.088 0.0153 0 0.9378 0.962 0
Modal 6 0.201 0.0087 0.001 0 0.9465 0.963 0
Modal 7 0.161 0.0124 0.0228 0 0.9589 0.9858 0
Modal 8 0.135 0.0256 0.0122 0 0.9845 0.998 0
Modal 9 0.128 0.0115 0.000003661 0 0.9959 0.998 0
Modal 10 0.121 0.001 0.00004711 0 0.9969 0.9981 0
Modal 11 0.114 0 0 0 1 1 0
Modal 12 0.1 0 0 0 1 1 0

Load Combinations
Following loads have been considered in the static analysis of the building as per IS 875-1987
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (+EQX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (-EQX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (+EQy)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (-EQy)

22
Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X, +Y and –y directions. Thus ±E above implies 4
cases, and in all, 13 cases (as shown below) must be considered. Since large amount of data is
difficult to handle manually, all load combinations are analyzed using software.
For design of various building elements (beams or columns), the design data may be collected
from computer output. For above load combinations, analysis is performed and results of
deflections in each story and forces in various elements are obtained.

1.1.4 Load combinations used for design

Following 13 load combinations have been adopted as per IS 875: 1987 for the design of frame
members:
1.5 (DL + LL)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQX)
1.2 (DL + LL + EQY)
1.2 (DL + LL - EQY)
1.5 (DL + EQX)
1.5 (DL - EQX)
1.5 (DL + EQY)
1.5 (DL - EQY)
0.9 DL + 1.5 EQX
0.9 DL - 1.5 EQX
0.9 DL + 1.5 EQY
0.9 DL - 1.5 EQY

Design Assumptions
Concrete Grade, M20 fck = 20 MPa for column
Concrete Grade, M20 fck = 20 MPa for other member
Steel Grade, Fe 500 fy = 500 MPa for all

The concrete has been designed using limit state method based on IS 456 –2000. The detailing of
reinforcement has been based on IS 13920 –1993 .The design has been based on the most critical
load combination mentioned above.

For the above loads and load combinations, the design of beams and columns is carried out by the
ETABS.2016.2.0
Static Coefficient Method of Analysis was performed using IS 1893:2002. The design base shear
was compared with base shear computed using fundamental period.

23
 Mass Source:-

Load Multiplier
LIVE 0.25
DEAD 1
WALL 1
FLOOR FINISH 1
PARTITION 1
STAIR 1

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2. Structural Analysis
The analysis and design have been carried out using software called ETABS 2016.2.0, which is a
special purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures. It provides the
Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize
the structural elements in a building model. The building geometry based on architectural drawings
been generated using above named software. The dead load, live load and lateral loads were
supplied to the digital models as per standard code of practices. Several analysis run were
performed to achieve the best result to meet the design and service requirements.

For the analysis, following loading parameters were considered:

i. Self-weight of the frames and slabs

ii. Floor finishing dead loads

iii. Fixed wall loads as per architectural drawings

iv. Staircase load

v. Partition wall loads as per architectural drawings only.

vi. Live loads

3D modeling of the building

i. 3D model of the building

ii. Plan of the building
iii. Elevation of the building

25
Figure 10 3-D Modelling

26
Figure 11 Plan of Building FF

27
Figure 12 Elevation of Building at Grid A-A

28
 Maximum drift ratios: within limit of 0.004

TABLE: Story Response

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
5F 14.1224 Top 1.735 1.511
4F 11.2776 Top 1.486 2.511
TF 8.4328 Top 1.049 1.974
SF 5.588 Top 0.525 1.561
FF 2.7432 Top 0.144 1.541
Base 0 Top 0 0

29
Figure 13 Drift in X-Direction

30
Figure 14 Drift in Y-Direction

31
Figure 15 Deformed Shape (Load Combo 1.5*(DL+LL)

32
Figure 16 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy))

33
Figure 17 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A

34
Figure 18 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B

35
Figure 19 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C

36
Figure 20 AFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D

37
Figure 21 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy))

38
Figure 22 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A

39
Figure 23 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B

40
Figure 24 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C

41
Figure 25 SFD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D

42
Figure 26 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy))

43
Figure 27 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) A-A

44
Figure 28 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) B-B

45
Figure 29 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) C-C

46
Figure 30 BMD (Load Combo 1.5(DL+EQy)) D-D

47
Figure 31 Longitudnal reinforcing Basement Floor Plan

48
Figure 32 Longitudnal reinforcing Ground Floor

49
Figure 33 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan FF Floor)

50
Figure 34 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan SF Floor)

51
Figure 35 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan 3F Plan)

52
Figure 36 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Plan 4FFloor)

53
Figure 37 Longitudnal Reinforcing(Elevation Grid A-A)

54
Figure 38 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid B-B)

55
Figure 39 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid D -D)

56
Figure 40 Longitudnal Reinforcing (Elevation Grid C-C)

57
Rebar Percentage

Figure 41 Rebar Percentage Basement

58
Figure 42 Rebar Percentage GF

59
Figure 43 Rebar Percentage FF

60
Figure 44 Rebar Percentage SF

61
Figure 45 Rebar Percentage TF

62
Figure 46 Rebar Percentage 4F

63
Figure 47 Rebar Percentage A-A

64
Figure 48 Rebar Percentage B-B

65
Figure 49 Rebar Percentage D-D

66
Figure 50 Rebar Percentage C-C

67
3. Design of Elements
The design of all structural elements is done using ‘Limit State Method’. All relevant Limit State
is considered in design to ensure adequate safety and serviceability.
The design includes design for durability, construction and use in service should be considered as
a whole. The realization of design objectives requires compliance with clearly defined standards
for materials, production, workmanship, and also maintenance and use of structure in service.
This section includes all the design process of sample calculation for a single element as column,
beam, slab and foundation.
• Design of Column
• Design of Beam
• Design of Slab
• Design of Stair case
• Design of Footing

68
3.1 Design of Column

69
 TABLE: Concrete Column Summary - IS 456-2000
Story Label Design Section As,min As Mid Bar As Corner Bar As
mm² mm² mm² mm²
5F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
5F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C11 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C11 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C11 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C1 Column 12 x 12 743 833 104 104
4F C1 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C1 Column 12 x 12 743 757 95 95
4F C2 Column 12 x 12 743 808 101 101
4F C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C2 Column 12 x 12 743 795 99 99
4F C3 Column 12 x 12 743 745 93 93
4F C3 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C3 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C4 Column 12 x 12 743 793 99 99
4F C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

70
4F C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C5 Column 12 x 12 743 832 104 104
4F C5 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C5 Column 12 x 12 743 784 98 98
4F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

4F C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

4F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
4F C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 862 108 108
TF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 781 98 98
TF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 1639 205 205
TF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 1120 140 140
TF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 916 115 115
TF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

71
TF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 1232 154 154
TF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 824 103 103
TF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 1339 167 167
TF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 812 101 101
TF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 1526 191 191
TF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 946 118 118
TF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 1140 142 142
TF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 797 100 100
TF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 827 103 103
TF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 1288 161 161
TF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 807 101 101
TF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 801 100 100

TF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

TF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
TF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 1505 188 188
SF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

72
SF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 1069 134 134
SF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 2216 277 277
SF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 1405 176 176
SF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 1206 151 151
SF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 1563 195 195
SF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 891 111 111
SF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 1709 214 214
SF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 1001 125 125
SF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 2036 255 255
SF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 1044 130 130
SF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 1483 185 185
SF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 808 101 101
SF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 1508 188 188
SF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 1689 211 211
SF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 828 104 104
SF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 834 104 104
SF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 1040 130 130
SF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

73
SF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 1036 129 129
SF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
SF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

FF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 1942 243 243

FF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 798 100 100
FF C11 Column 12 x 12 743 1071 134 134
FF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 1836 230 230
FF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C1 Column 12 x 12 743 973 122 122
FF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 1488 186 186
FF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C2 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 1559 195 195
FF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C3 Column 12 x 12 743 773 97 97
FF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 1666 208 208
FF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C4 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 1880 235 235
FF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C5 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 1542 193 193
FF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C6 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 1777 222 222
FF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C7 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 1781 223 223
FF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C8 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 1359 170 170
FF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

74
FF C9 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 1656 207 207
FF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C19 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 1640 205 205
FF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93
FF C20 Column 12 x 12 743 743 93 93

75
 ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FF C6 7 Column 12 x 12 DCon2 1181.1 2743.2 0.802

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 61.3 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
559.0319 1.5258 11.1806 11.1806 11.1806 743 0.8

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.704046 2362.2 1.3929 0 11.1806
Minor Bend(M2) 0.691117 2362.2 1.5966 0 11.1806

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 2.2489 54.578 29.6894 29.5734 337.85
Minor, Vu3 0.3001 54.578 29.6894 58.4532 337.85

76
 Joint Shear Check/Design
Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 7.4 1323.8683 371.3656 559.0319 0.802976

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.861 304.8 5.456 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.861 304.8 5.356 12 No 0

Notes:

N/A: Not Applicable

N/C: Not Calculated

N/N: Not Needed

77
 SAMPLE DESIGN OF COLUMN
Concrete Grade =M25
M20 Steel Grade= Fe500

Ref. Step Calculations Output

Column ID C6 C12 C 12x12 at BAS-GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
1 Known Data
Overall Depth of Column, . 304.80 mm D= 304.8mm
Width of Column, B= 304.80 mm B = 304.8mm
Height, L= 2.845 m L = 2.8448m
2
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 25.00 N/mm
2
Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm

Clause 26.5.3.1
Min. Reinforcement,
of IS 456: 2000 a
2
0.8% of BD Astmin = 743.22 mm Astmin=743.22432mm2
Clause 26.5.3.1
Max. Reinforcment, Max. Ast = 4% of BD 3716.12 Astmax =3716.1216mm2
of IS 456: 2000 b Astmax = mm 2
2
But in extreme case, Max. Ast = 6% of BD Astmax = 5574.18 mm Astmax =5574.1824mm2

2 Design for section

Axial Load, Pu = 559.00 KN
Moment about x-axis Mx = 11.18 KNm
Moment about y-axis My = 1.80 KNm
eccentricity =
Clause 25.4 of IS clear height of column lateral dim ension
+ e= 15.04 mm
456:2000 500 30
clear height of column L= 2.44 m
eccentricity  20mm
take e= 20.00 mm
Min.Moment Pue = 11.18 KNm
Moment about y-axis Mx = 11.18 KNm
Moment about x-axis My = 11.18 KNm
a Approx Design
i Design for Earthquake in X-direction
Axial Load, Pu = 559.00 KN
Ultimate Moment about x-axis M ux = 11.18 KNm
Pu 0.24
=
f ck DB
M ux
= 0.016
f ck BD 2
Clear cover, C= 40.00 mm
f= 20.00 mm

78
 d' = 40+25/2 =53mm d' = 50.00 mm
d'/D =53/304 =0.173 d'/D = 0.164 0.151428571
SP16, chart 49 P 0.100
ii Design for Earthquake in Y-direction
=
f ck
Axial Load, Pu = 559.00 KN
Ultimate Moment about x-axis M uy = 11.18 KNm
Pu
= M ux 0.24
f ck BD = 0.016
Clear cover,
f ck BDC 2= 40.00 mm
f= 20.00 mm
d' = 40+25/2 =53mm d' = 50.00 mm
d'/B =53/304=0.174 d'/B = 0.164
SP16, chart 49 P 0.010
=
f ck
The required steel will be higher of above two P 0.070
=
f ckpt = 1.66 %
Asc = 1542.2 mm 2
Providing (816Ø)mm dia
Asc provided = 1607.68 mm2 Act. Asc=1607.68mm2
Percentage of steel, pt = 1.73 %
P 0.087
SP16, chart 49 for p/fck = 0.11 and Pu/fck BD = 0.14 =
f ck 0.170
M ux l = 120.35 KNm M ux l= 96.28KN-m
SP16, chart 49 for p/fck = 0.075 and Pu/fckBD = 0.08 M ux
2
= 0.170
f ck BD
M uy l = 120.35 KNm M uy l = 96.28KN-m

Clause 39.6 Puz = 0.45fck Ag + (0.75fy -0.45fck)Asc Puz= 1629.95 KN

IS 456:2000 Pu 0.34
=
an = 0.84 aPn = 2.00
uz
n n 0.890 <1 Hence OK
 M ux   M uy 
  + 
Hence
 OK
M uxl 
M 
 uyl 
3 Design of Lateral Ties

79
 diameter ³ 20/4 =5mm 8.00 mm
³ 8mm
i. Providing 8mmf lateral ties Lateral Ties,f = 8 mm
Clause 26.5.3.2 Pitch of Lateral Ties minimum of of below
b of the column=305 mm
£ 300mm
£ 16f = 16x8 = 128mm 128.00
Clause 26.5.1.5 0.75d = 0.75x305 = 228.6 mm 228.60 mm
Clause 7.3.3 IS £ b/2 =305/2=153 mm 153.00 mm
But From Ductility Consideration
Clause 7.4.1 Confinement Length l 0 l0=762 mm
³ 305mm
³ L/4 711.20 mm
³ 762mm
ii. Pitch of Lateral Ties For Confinment Zone,l0
Clause 7.4.6 ³ 75mm Pitch=100 mm
Clause 7.4.6 £ 1/4 x 305=76.2mm 76.20 mm
= 100 mm
Provide 8mmf lateral ties @ 100mm upto 762mm
from either ends of column
iii. Pitch at mid portion of column For Mid Portion
= 125mm Pitch=125 mm
Provide 8 mmf lateral ties @ 125mm on remaining
part.

80
COLUMN
ID BB-GF GF-FF FF-SF SF-TF TF-4F

C11 4-20d + 4-12d 8-16D 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d --------------------------

----
--------------------------
C3 8-16d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d ----

C6 8-16d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d

C9 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d

--------------------------
C1 8-20d 8-20d 4-20d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d -------

--------------------------
C4 4-20d + 4-12d 4-20d + 4-12d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d -------

C7 4-20d + 4-12d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d

C19 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d
--------------------------
C2 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d --

--------------------------
C5 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d ---

C8 4-20d + 4-12d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d

C20 4-20d + 4-12d 8-16d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d 4-16d + 4-12d

81
82
3.2 Design of Beam

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FF B8 103 Main Beam 9 X 14 DCon2 828 4140.2 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 381 228.6 0 25 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
9.8425 3.9737 32.5072 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
9.8425 6.2333 16.0757 0

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

83
 Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) 0 209 0 0 209
Bottom (-2 Axis) 16.0757 209 106 0 209

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
32.5072 37.4537 32.5526 53.6747 253.39

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
3.9737 32.5072 198.6 351 260.62

84
 SAMPLE DESIGN OF BEAM
Concrete grade = M 20
Steel grade = Fe500 and Fe 415 for stirrups
Beam along Grid D1-C1 at 1st Floor
Ref. Step Calculation Output
1 Known Data
Overall Depth, D= 355.60 mm D = 355.6 mm
Width, B= 228.60 mm B = 228.6 mm
Lenth of Beam, L= 305 mm
Considering 16 mm dia bar, f= 20.00 mm
clear cover = 25mm c= 25.00 mm
effective depth ,d = D - clear cover- f/2
d = D - clear cover- f/2 d = 350.00 mm
d' = clear cover +f/2 d' = 35.00 mm

characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm2

Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm2
IS:13920-1993 L/D = 0.86 >4
cl. 6.1.4 2 Minimum reinforcement Hence ok
IS13920:1993 0.24 fck
cl. 6.2.1.b Ast min = bd Astmin = 171.751 mm
2
Astmin =
fy
pt,min= 0.215%
IS13920:1993 Maximum reinforcement
2
cl. 6.2.2 Ast max = 0.025bd Astmax = 2,000.3 mm Astmax=2267.7mm2
limiting moment, Mulim = 2.76bd2 Mulim = 9.80 KNm Mulim =96.18KNm
3 Beam 1D-2E;

-91.74kNm 21.83N-m
0.00kN-m 0.00kN-m
Sp16 Table2 1. Design for Hogging Moment
Ultimate moment Mu = 16.10 KNm (Hogging moment) -ve
Mu > Mulim Doubly Reinforce
For Doubly Reinforced Beam
Table 54, SP16 d' / d = 0.10
Mu / bd2 = 0.58
Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.660 %
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 528.1 mm2 Astmin =363.9mm2
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.660 % (Top)
2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 528.07 mm
Since, Ascmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 528.1 mm2

85
 Since, Ascmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 528.1 mm2
Asc at bottom is not required but as per IS
13920:1993, cl.6.2.3 Asc must be at least 50% of
Ast
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.33 %
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 264.03 mm2 Ascmin =181.95mm2
(Bot)
2. Design for Sagging Moment
The beam is designed as T beam
The limiting capacity of the T-beam assuming xu < Df
and xu < xu,max may be calculated as follows.
Ultimate moment Mu = 9.80 KNm (Sagging moment) +ve

IS 456: 20
cl. 23.1.2

Where Df = Depth of flange 127 mm Slab thickness

bw = width of web / rib 228.60 mm
bf = width of flange
Lowest of above 2

1041.400 mm
2
Ast= 528.07 mm
IS:13920:1993
cl.6.2.3
30.64 mm
< Df xu,max=0.49*d
< xu,max xu,max=182.52mm
Hence OK
But Asc must be at least 50% of Ast hence,
2
Asc = 264.03 mm
3. Required Reinforcement
2
Ast,Top = 528.07 mm
2
Ast,Bott = 422.07 mm

Provide Ast,Top (3-16φ )=339.12 mm^2

Ast,Bot (3-16φ )=339.12 mm^2

4 Design Shear Strength of Concrete

Tensile steel provided at right end = 0.66% pt
IS:456:2000 Permissible design shear stress of concrete

86
 Shear force carried by shear reinforcement Vc = 46.41 kN
Maximun shear at left end, Vu = 74.15 kN
Ʈv= 0.798144 MPa
Here ,Ʈv< Ʈcmax hence safe
Design Shear
Vus = Vu – Vc 27.74 kN
Vus / d = 0.79 kN/cm
Referring to Table 62 of SP:16, we get the
required spacing of 2 legged 8φ stirrups as
400mm c/c

As per Clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920:1993, the spacing

of stirrups in the mid-span shall not exceed
d/2 = 396.8/2 =198.4mm

Minimum shear reinforcement as per

Clause 26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000 is given by:
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b)
= 2 x 50 x 0.87 x 415 / (300 x 0.4)
= 300 mm.

Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 6.3.5 of IS13920: 1993
shall be the least of:
i) d/4 = 396.8/4 =100mm
ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar
= 8 x 16 = 128 mm
However, it need not be less than 100 mm.
Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8 φ stirrups @100mm Provide 8 φ stirrups
c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d = @100mm c/c over a
2 x 396.8 =793.6mm length of 793.6mm

Elsewhere, provide stirrups at 150 mm c/c

87
 BEAM REBAR
LOCATION 1-2. 2-3. 3-4. FLOOR
DETAILS
3-12d +
TIE BEAM 3-12d + 2-12d 3-12d + 2-12d 212d BAS.

3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-

MAIN BEAM GF
16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d

3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-

MAIN BEAM FF
AA 16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d

3-16d +/ 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-16d +/ 3-12d 3-16d +/ 3-12d SF
12d
3-12d + 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-12d + 3-12d 3-12d + 3-12d 12d TF

3-12d +
MAIN BEAM 3-12d + 3-12d 3-12d + 2-12d 4F
212d
3-12d +
TIE BEAM 3-12d + 2-12d 3-12d + 2-12d BAS.
212d

3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-

MAIN BEAM GF
16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d

3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-

MAIN BEAM FF
BB 16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d

3-16d +/ 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-16d +/ 3-12d 3-16d +/ 3-12d SF
12d
3-12d + 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-12d + 3-12d 3-12d + 3-12d TF
12d
3-12d +
MAIN BEAM --------- --------- 212d 4F

3-12d +
TIE BEAM 3-12d + 2-12d 3-12d + 2-12d BAS.
212d

3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-

MAIN BEAM GF
16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d
CC
3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2- 3-16d +/ 2-
MAIN BEAM FF
16d+12d 16d+12d 16d+12d

3-16d +/ 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-16d +/ 3-12d 3-16d +/ 3-12d SF
12d

88
 3-12d + 3-
MAIN BEAM 3-16d +/ 3-12d 3-12d + 3-12d TF
12d
3-12d +
MAIN BEAM --------- --------- 212d 4F

89
3.3 Design of Slab
Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is less than 2 hence the slab is designed as a two way slab.

TwoAdjacentEdgesDisContinuous:
Basic dimensions of slab = Lx Ly
3.40 4.70
Basic Ly/Lx ratio = 1.382 <2
Hence designed as two way slab
Clear cover to reinforcement d' = 15 mm
Provided overall depth D = 127.00 mm
Effective depth d = 119.50 mm
Diameter of bar f = 8 mm

Select Grade of Concrete fck = 20 N/mm²

Select Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm²

Load calculation :

Dead load of the slab DL = 3.175 kN/m²

Floor finish(Roof finish) FF = 1.500 kN/m²
Live load LL = 2.000 kN/m²

Total load TL = 6.675 kN/m²

Moment and Area of Steel calculations:

Span Moment Mu Mu/bd² Pt Ast reqd Min Ast Dia of bar Spacing Ast pro
2
Coefficient kN.m N/mm % mm² mm² mm mm mm²
shorter x neg 0.071 8.19 0.57 0.20% 239.00 143.4 8 150 335.10 safe
x pos 0.053 6.14 0.43 0.15% 179.25 143.4 8 150 335.10 safe
longer y neg 0.045 5.25 0.37 0.12% 143.40 143.4 8 150 335.10 safe
y pos 0.034 3.94 0.28 0.08% 95.60 143.4 8 150 335.10 safe

Check for Deflection

The effective depth provided = 119.500 mm

From figure 3 of I.S 456:2000 modification factor is
Modification factor = 2.00
Required depth under deflection consideration = 30.00 mm
HENCE SAFE

90
3.4 Design of Stair Case
Design of staircase(Single Flight)
Grade of concrete (Fck) = 20 KN/m2
Grade of steel (Fy) = 500 KN/m2
Live load per m2 on plan = 3 KN/m2
Floor Finish thickness = 30 mm
Specific weight of RCC(γRCC) = 25 KN/m3

1) Riser and tread detail

For flight Total
Riser 178
No. of riser 16 16
Tread 254
No. of tread 15 15

Total floor height = 8534 mm

= 28.00 ft

2) Calculation of effective span and approximation of thickness of waist slab

For flight AB
Landing 1 = 1066.8 mm
Landing 2 = 1495 mm
Support width on both sides = 230 mm Beam Support
Effective span(L) = 6486.8 mm

Therefore thickness of waist slab is to be between L/25 to L/20

= 259.472 324.34
mm mm
ii) For flight BC
Landing 1 = 635 mm
Landing 2 = 1524 mm
Support width on both sides = 230 mm Beam Support
Effective span(L) = 4294 mm

Therefore thickness of waist slab is to be between L/25 to L/20

= 171.76 214.7
mm mm

Hence,taking effective depth of waist slab as 125 mm with effective cover 25 mm

The overal depth of waist slab is 150mm

91
3) Calculation of loads on flights
For flight AB
Area of step section = 22,606.00 mm2
Finish area = 12,960.00 mm2
Area of inclined slab = 46,524.19 mm2
Total area = 82,090.19 mm2
= 0.08 m2

Dead Load(DL) of step section 1 m in width and 280 mm in plan length

= 2.05 KN/m

DL per m2 on plan = 8.08 KN/m2

Live load per m2 on plan(LL) = 3.00 KN/m2
Total load per m2 on plan(W) = 11.08 KN/m2

Taking 1.5 factor of safety

Total factored load per m2 on plan = 16.62 KN/m2

Taking 1 m width of slab

Uniform load(UDL) on flight per m(Wu ) = 16.62 KN/m

ii) For flight BC

Area of step section = 22,606.00 mm2
Finish area = 12,960.00 mm2
Area of inclined slab = 46,524.19 mm2
Total area = 82,090.19 mm2
= 0.08 m2

Dead Load(DL) of step section 1 m in width and 280 mm in plan length

= 2.05 KN/m

DL per m2 on plan = 8.08 KN/m2

Live load per m2 on plan(LL) = 3.00 KN/m2
Total load per m2 on plan(W) = 11.08 KN/m2

Taking 1.5 factor of safety

Total factored load per m2 on plan = 16.62 KN/m2

Taking 1 m width of slab

Uniform load(UDL) on flight per m(Wu ) = 16.62 KN/m

92
4) Calculation of loads on Landings per m2 on plan
Self weight of slab = 3.75 KN/m2
Finish load = 0.75 KN/m2
Total dead load = 4.50 KN/m2
Factored dead load = 6.75 KN/m2
Live load = 3.00 KN/m2
Factored Live load = 4.50 KN/m2
Total Factored load(Wu) = 11.25 KN/m2

Taking 1 m width of slab

Uniform dead load only on landings per m = 11.25 KN/m
Uniform load on landings per m(Wu ) = 11.25

ii) For landing BC (Clause 33.2,IS:456-2000)

For both landing
Width of support wall = 230 mm
Since (230/2 = 115 mm) > 110 mm

In a distance of 150 mm from the face of the wall,there will be no live load in accordance with
clause 33.2 of the code.In a distance equal to 150 mm from the wall and a distance equal to 75 mm
inside wall only dead load will be considered.In remaining span same load as in landing AD will act.

5) Check for effective depth and determination of reinforcement.

i) For flight AB
UDL on flight = 16.62 KN/m
UDL on landing A and B = 11.25 KN/m
Landing width 1 = 1.22 m
Landing width 2 = - m
Flight length = 1.89 m

Reaction at end A and B

RA 20.60 KN/m
RB 24.58 KN/m
Point of contraflexure
1.42
Max-Mu 65.66 KN-m

5) Check for effective depth and determination of reinforcement.

i) For flight BC
UDL on flight = 16.62 KN/m

93
 Landing width 1 = 1.07 m
Landing width 2 = - m
Flight length = 1.12 m

Reaction at end B and C

RB 13.83 KN/m
RC 16.77 KN/m
Point of contraflexure
0.99
Max-Mu 23.85 KN-m

Check for effective depth

Mu = 0.36*Fck*b*Xu,lim*(d-0.416*Xu,lim)
For Fe-500 and M-20 concrete and Xu,lim = 0.46*d
For unit width b = 1 m
On substituting the value we get
d = 160.80 mm

Adopt effective depth of 125 mm with effective cover of 25 mm so, overal depth is 150

Therefore limiting moment

Mu,lim = 0.138*Fck*b*d2 = 2.76*b*d2
= 62.10 KnN-m
>Mu Double reinforced
Determination of reinforcement

Mu = 0.87*Fy*Ast*(d-0.416*Xu)

Mu = 0.87*Fy*Ast*(d-Fy*Ast/(Fck*b))
62.10*106 = 0.87*500*Ast*(125-500*Ast/(20*1000))
Now solving for Ast we get,
Ast 1,058.38 mm2
Using 12 mm bars spacing of bars is As 113.10 mm2
Spacing (S) = 106.86 mm

So,provide 12 mm bars @ 100 mm C/C.

So,area of steel provided = 1,470.30 mm2

94
Check for shear (Clause 40.1,40.2.1,Table-19,IS:456-2000)
Maximum shear force at face (V max) = RB
= 13.83 KN
Nominal shear strength of concrete ( τv) = Vmax/bd
= 0.11 N/mm2
Percentage of tensile steel of mid span(A st) = 100*Ast/bd
0.010 %
Shear strength of M20 concrete for 0.01% steel(τc) = 0.18 N/mm2
Shear stregth of slab (τs) = Kτc
For overal depth D=150 mm , K = 1.3 (Clause 40.2.1.1)
So , τ s
= 0.23 N/mm2 > 0.225 (τv)
Hence,it is safe in shear.
Check for development length (Clause 26.2.1,26.2.1.1 ,IS:456-2000)
The minimum development length required (Ld) = (0.87*Fy*Ф)/(4*τbd)
Dia of bars used (Ф) = 12 mm
For M20 concrete designed bond stress( τbd) = 1.2 N/mm2
Which is increased by 60% for Fe-500 used
Fy = N/mm2
500
So,The minimum development length required (Ld) = 47*Ф = 679.688 mm
Hence, minimum of 752.188 mm anchorage length beyond the point up to which rod is to
be provided should be extended.

Moment of resistant offered by 12 mm bars @200 mm C/C

M = 0.87Fy*Ast(dx-Fy*Ast/Fckb)
= 72.43 KN-m
Maximum shear force at face (V max) = RA
= 13.83 KN
Ld ≤ 1.3M/V+Lo
Assuming additional anchoraage length (Lo) = 0
OR, 47Ф ≤ 6806.065
OR, Ф≤ 144.81 mm
Provided Ф(12 mm) ≤ 87.02 mm
Hence ok
So no additional anchorage length is required.

6) Temperature (Distribution) Reinforcement

Provide 1-10 mm bar as temperature reinforcement in each riser.In the waist slab provide minimum of
0.12 % steel as temperature reinforcement.
Therefore area of temperature reinforcement = 180 mm2 /m

95
 3.5 Design of Footing

TABLE: Joint Reactions

Story Joint Label Unique Name Load Case/Combo FZ
kN
Base 12 3 DCon2 213.1495
Base 26 5 DCon2 356.6648
Base 27 9 DCon2 354.9613
Base 28 12 DCon2 314.998
Base 29 14 DCon2 456.5017
Base 30 16 DCon2 492.2017
Base 31 18 DCon2 400.1695
Base 32 20 DCon2 526.4503
Base 33 22 DCon2 501.2464
Base 34 24 DCon2 256.4061
Base 35 26 DCon2 453.2996
Base 36 28 DCon2 423.9519
Base 37 30 DCon2 9.839733
Base 1 31 DCon2 38.52767
Base 2 32 DCon2 7.048267

96
 Figure 51 FOOTING LOAD

NOTE-THE LOAD SHOWN IN FIGURE MUST BE DIVIDED BY 1.5 FOR ACTUAL LOAD
ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN

FORCES DETAILS :
40.02
0.19
0.0092

0.35

97
Axial Load = P1 =T 370.88 0.35
Moment along Major axis = Mx =T-m

Moment along Minor axis = Mz =T-m G.L

COLUMN DETAILS :
Length = ( Larger Dimension of Column )m

Width = ( Smaller Dimension of Column 1.6 )m

1.55 1.3
FOOTING DETAILS : 0.4
Length = L =m 0.05
12
Width = B =m 0.4

Depth = D =m 1.7
1.7 1.60
Cover to Main R/f =m
X

Diameter of R/f in Footing =mm

SOIL DETAILS : M - 20
Fe - 1.55
Density of Soil = g =T/m3 Z Z
500
Depth of foundation below G.L = H =m 1.5

X
1.60
MATERIAL CONSTANT :
Concrete Grade =N/mm2
R/f Grade =N/mm2

Load Factor = gf =
DESIGN FORCES :
Axial load = P = 40.02 T

Self Weight of Footing = 2.48 T

Total Vertical Load = 42.50 T

Moment along Major axis 0.19 T-m

Moment along Minor axis 0.0092 T-m

PRESSURE CALCULATION : 140

98
SBC =T/m2 14.27115
FOR EARTHQUAKE CONDITION ALLOWABLE S.B.C = 1.25 x 14.271 17.83894 =T/m2

P + Mx + Mz

P=

A - Zx - Zz

\ Pmax = 17.14 + 0.29 + 0.0144 = 17.44 T/m2 < S.B.C

SAFE

\ Pmin = 17.14 - 0.29 - 0.0144 = 16.84 T/m2 TENSION NOT R/F

CREATED

CALCULATION FROM BENDING CONSIDERATION :

99
 1600

600

1550 350
350
625

16.8
2
T/M 17.4
2
T/M
MOMENT AT CRITICAL SECTION ALONG WIDTH :

M = Pmax x 0.6 x 0.6 / 2

M= 3.14 T-m

Mu = 47.08 KN-m
Ast = 316.57 mm2 ( To be distributed in 1.6 m Length ) Min Req = 480
mm2 ( Ast = 0.12 x b x D )

Required Spacing of Bar = 12 # @ 235 C/C ALONG WIDTH

PROVIDE 12 # @ 125 C/C ALONG WIDTH

\ Ast = 904.78 mm2

MOMENT AT CRITICAL SECTION ALONG LENGTH :

100
 M = Pmax x 0.625 x 0.625 / 2

M= 3.41 T-m

Mu = 51.09 KN-m

Ast = 344.20 mm2 ( To be distributed in 1.55 m Length )

Min Req = 480 mm2 ( Ast = 0.12 x b x D )

PROVIDE 12 # @ 235 C/C ALONG LENGTH

\ Ast = 481.27 mm2

CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR ALONG LENGTH :

Critical Section is at diatance of ' d ' from face of column

V = 4.80 T

\ Actual Shear stress tv Vu

= bxd

1.5 x 4.80
=
350x x
1000
10000
= 0.206 N / mm 2

Pt = 100 x As = 100 x 481.27

b x d 1000
350x = 0.14

0.6
1.55 0.625 0.275

1.60

Pt tc
\ Shear force at critical section = 17.44 x 0.275
0.15 0.28
0.2 0.33
0.30
\ tc =N / mm2

< tv

101
 4. HENCE SAFE
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR ALONG WIDTH :

Critical Section is at diatance of ' d ' from face of column

0.6
1.55 0.625

0.25
1.60
\ Shear force at critical 17.44 x 0.25
section =
V = 4.36 T
\ Actual Shear stress tv
= Vu
bxd
= 4.36
1.5 x
350x x
1000
= 10000
0.187 N / mm2
100 x As
Pt = = 100 x 904.78
b x d 1000
350x = 0.26
\ tc =N / 0.30 mm 2

< tv

5. HENCE SAFE
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR :

Critical Section is at distance of 'd/2' from face of column

102
 1.60

0.7
1.55 0.7 d/2

d/2

\ Shear force at Critical 17.44 x Area of

Section = Shadeded
Portion
= 17.44 x 1.99

= 34.70 T
Critical Perimeter = 2 x 0.7 + 2 x 0.7

= 2.80 m
Vu
bxd
\ Actual Shear stress tv = 1.5 x 34.70
2800.00
350
=
x
N/
= 0.531 mm2 x 10000
Allowable Shear stress = ks.tc ( CLAUSE 31.3.3 IS 456 : 2000 )
where, ks = ( 0.5+b )

Short Side of Column = 0.35

b=
Long Side of Column = 0.35 = 1.00 ks = 1.50 but not greater

than 1.0

Where,
tc = 0.25 fck

103
 tc = 0.25 M - 20 = 1.12 N/mm2
Allowable Shear stress = ks.tc = 1.12 N/mm2 SAFE

CHECK FOR OVERTURNING :

ALONG LENGTH :
Rm Restoring Moment = 40.02 x 0.80

Rm = 32.02 T.m

Applied Moment = 0.2 T.m

Restoring Moment F.O.S. =

Applied Moment
P
32.02
= = 168.51
0.19
SAFE
0.80
> 2.2

104
 ECCENTRIC FOOTING DESIGN

INPUT UNIT
ECCENTRIC COLUMN LOAD 314 KN
CENTRAL COLUMN LOAD 454 KN
C TO C DISTANCE 1.44 M
SIZE OF ECCENTRIC COLUMN 0.3 M
SIZE OF CENTRAL COLUMN 0.3 M
ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY 170 KN/M2
FACTOR OF SAFETY 1.5

SIZE OF FOOTING
REQUIRED SIZE OF ECCENTRIC FOOTING 2.03176471 M2
REQUIRED LENGTH OF SQUARE FOOTING 1.42539984 M
PROVIDED LENGTH OF FOOTING 1.6764 M
PROVIDED BREADTH OF FOOTING 1.6764 M
PROVIDED AREA OF FOOTING 2.81031696 M2

SIZE OF FOOTING 314 454

REQUIRED SIZE OF CENTRAL FOOTING 2.93764706 M2
REQUIRED LENGTH OF SQUARE FOOTING 1.71395655 M
PROVIDED LENGTH OF FOOTING 1.98 M
PROVIDED BREADTH OF FOOTING 1.98 M
PROVIDED AREA OF FOOTING 3.9204 M2

ECCENTRICITY 0.6882
TAKING MOMENT ABOUT R2=0
R1= 601.436552 KN
THEREFORE R2= 166.563448 KN

QU1(PER METER WIDTH)= 538.1501 KN/M2

QU2(PER METER WIDTH)= 126.18443 KN/M2

DESIGN SHEAR FORCE 556.077414 KN

DESIGN MOMENT -135.464428 KN-M

105
References
➢ IS 456- 2000Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

➢ IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures

➢ IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,

➢ IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures

subjected to seismic forces

➢ NBC Nepal Building Code

➢ Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain

➢ Limit State Design of Substructure- Swamisharan

➢ ETABS manual V 16

106