RK

MONEYAND BANKING IN
AtBANIA,
FROMANTIQUIWTO
MODERN TIMES

Frrst Conference of the Museum of the

Bank of Albanro Proceedtngs

/4-/5 Jarce 2017

 i3

COlTTENTS

OPEN/NGADDRESS
Gent Se1ko, Governor, Bank of Albania

IHF BEGINN/NG OF COINAGE /N /[IYR/A AND THE TRADE

BENV E E N /I.T YR/ANS AND GREEKS 11
Keynole speoker: Prof . Oltvier Prcard, former Director of the French
Archoeological School af Athens, Professor af the Sorbonne Universil,y, Member
of the Acqdemte des lnscriptrons et Belles Lettres (lnstitute of Fronce)

SESSTON r

ArucrnNr crvrusATloN AND MoNEy As A MEANs oF EXcHANGE, AT THE Focus oF

THE AI.BANIAN AND INTERNATIONAL ARCHAIOIOGICAL DISCOVERIES t9
Session Choir: Prof . Olivier Picard, former Director of the French Archoeological
School of Alhens, Professor at lhe Sorbonne lJniversrty, Member of the
Acad6mie des lnscriptions ef Belles Leftres (lnsfifute of France)

FROM BARIER ECONOMY TO COINAGE 21

Dr. Eleni Popaefthymiou, Professor of Anctent Greek and
Roman Hisfory, Open UniversiF,, of Cyprus

SOME ASPECIS OF PRE-MONETARY EXCHANGE /N ATBAN/AN PREHISTORY 27

Dr. Rovena Kuti, Prof . Dr. llirion Giipoh, Rudenc Ruko,
lnstifute of Archaeology, Cenfer of Albanologtcal Studies

HOARDS OFANI/AUE COINS FOUND /NAIBAN/A, AN /MPORIANI

SOURCE OF INFORMAI/ON ON THE POLITICAI AND ECONOMIC
LIFE OF /IIYR/ANS /N IHE Y-l CENIURY BC 41
Prof . Dr. Shpreso Glongecol, lnstifufe of Archoeology, Center of Albanological Studies

l'' t*n{eren$ af tlte !,luseun af rhe Ssnk *f Alhantu - tuli,Nff l"Nil SI'NI{|NG lN ALBAN|/', fRAtul ANTISUITY T0 lt]lltilt; !i',ttS
CIRCULATION OF ROMAN IMPERIAL COINS /NAIBAN/A
(r4B.C - END OF V CENTURY A.D.) 49
Dr. Albanq Mela, lnstifufe of Archaeology, Cenler of AlbanologicolStudies

EPIDAM/DYRRAH - AT THE FOCUS OF MONEY AND BANK/NG ACTIVIN 57

Prof . Dr. Glergi Frctshdri, "Qendra Frasheiri" Foundalion

SESSION il
FEATIJRFs OF MONEY AND ECONOMrc NEVTLOPMENT DURING TI-IE MIDDLE AGES 67
Session Charr: Associofed Acadenic Shaban Sinani, Albanian Acadeny of Science

MONEYAS REGUIATOR OF REIATIONSH/PS /N IHE CITY OF

SHKODRA DUR/NG XIV.XV CENIURY 6?
Prof . Dr. Pellunb Xhufi, lnstitute of History, Center of Albonological Sfudies

S/IYER COINAGE /N IHE CITY OF SHKODRA AND IHEIR

ARCHAEOLOGIC CONTEXT OF XV CENIURY 77
Prof . Dr. G'€zim Hoxha, lnstitufe of Archaeology, Center of Albonological Studies

THE ECONOMY /N ATBAN/AN IERR/IOR/Es /N I6TH-I?TH CENIUR/FS. IHE

SUSIA/NABLE DEVELOPMENI OFA REG/ONAT ECONOMY STRADDLING TWO
WORLDS: THE REPUBLIC OF VENICE AND THE ONOMAN EMPIRE 85
Dr. Ardian Muhai, Center of Albanologtcal Studies

CHALLENGING IHE STATE: M/NI/NG BY THE ALBAN/AN PASHAT/CS /END OF

wilt 3ENTURy- BEGINN/NG OF XrX CENTURyI ASAN EXPRESS/ON OF THE
LEGITIMACY OF THE POLITICAL POWER AND AUTONOMY 91
Assoc. Prof . Dr. Drifan Egro, Europeon Universily of Trrana

$ESS|ON ilt
POSTER PRESENTATIONS v/
TH E VO SKOPOJ A GU I LD OF TAI LORS' CRED/I-IEND/NG OPERA I/ONS AND
R/SK MANAGEMENT (1 7 r 6- r 727) 99
Assoc. Prof . Dr. Konsfanfinos Grakoumts, Eurpeon Untverslty of Tirqna
Assoc. Prof . Dr. Juna Miluka, New York Universtly of Ttrana

PRENUPTIAL CONIRACIS OF MYZEQE AND IHEIR F/NANC/AI D/MENs/ON 111

Sokol Qunga, Cenfral Stafe Archive

BANKNOTES OF THE AUTONOMOUS REG/ON OF KORCA (1916-t 9t 8) AND

A DOCUMENTARY APPENDIX 117
Elsa Zhulah, Bank of Albania

LOANS - THE CORE OF THE ALB,AN/AN-CH/NESE ECONOM/C REI.AIIONS 131

Etlevq Goxhai, PhD Candidate
SESSrON tV
THr RBnNIIAN sTATE, EsTABusHMTNT AND coNsoLtDATloN oF
THE BANK|NG SYSTEM {r912-t992} r37
-':." cn Choir: Prof . Dr. Nevi/o Nika,European Universfiy of Tirana

PROY/S/ONAL GOVERNMENI OF VLORA, THE ALBANIAN NAI/ONAI BANKAND

THE GREAT POWERS (r912-t914) 139
-:::c Prof . Dr. Ledio Dushku, lnsfifute of L1istory, Cenfer of Albanologicql studies

FVENIS LEADING UP TO THE ESTABLISHMENI OF THE NAI/ONAI. BANK OF ALBANIA 145

i -,orbq QJraku, Center of Albonological Studies

THE FATE OF THE AI.BAN/AN BANKNOIE RESERYE DUR/NG AND AFIER THE WAR 151
--..oc. Acodenic Shaban Sinani, Albqnian Academy of Scrence

THE ALBANIAN CURRENCY/N C/RCUIAI/ON /N 1?45.1991, ATYPICAL REFIECI/ON

CF THE POLITICS AND IDEOLOGY OF THAT PERIOD - SIMILARII/ESAND
D/FFERENCES WITH OTHER FORMER COMMUNISIEASIERN BLOC 159
-'::. Dr. Adrian Civrcr, European LJnrversi\ of Tiranq

AIBAN/A'S MODERN BANK/NG SYSTEM - A QUICK REIROSPECI/YE /N

ITS 25TH ANN/YERSARY 167
--'cmoz Kolasi, Bqnk of Albaniq

l"{*nf*rsrrerf rie,4'lr,ssrm*firie$r,r* *f lnlbnni*-d4$lllfydll$$lffflffSl1litgdNt/,,{ftlit/,NTllluffY lA|l,ll|,tiltiii',',i

 $rx",?K& c*xt$Asx
cx?y sF s$fKssR& xr{ THH
,&X* ?${&gK ARCTSASSISSSC C{}XTEXT $S Xry
CXHTURY
?roi. Dr. S€:rirn ili--xic*

F#."'^ io'oTc^eoog;c lo-^d ^ r.e lirs- co-'-uord ot Rozoro cos'le .r t^e ciy oi Sh.od o ,r

l985 1986, (Sec. A), o complex of dweilings of XVr(Fig. l) century. Amid rhe rich findings
&ffi d scouered in these dwelling premises, such os I'rogments of ceromic or gloss dlshes, metol Lr
bone obiecis, four silver coins were found os wel1. They were glued to eoch Lther due to humidity
ond oxidotion. Following the physicol ond chemicol cleoning, it become evideni thot the coins
belonged to lhe mint ol the city ot the time of the Venetion occupcfion in the XV century.

iiq i . i;:t:c':tirirr: rr jelil; I it 'f,,-t.2,:t!:-i" i_csi/s ,:.i Siiiroic iiegJ l.)6(,:)

The four si ver coins ore of equol drometer, 20 nm ond equol weight, which due to the oxidotion
leve , vories from I to 1 .05 gr. The observe ond reverse sides of these coins ore o most equol, with
insignilicont differences, moiniy crising from the preservolion level (Fig. 2c-d)

n the cenlro medo lion of the obverse, surrounded by Mro smoll peorls ellipsoids, is presented the
-
figure of th-^ ciV pctron Soint Stephon. The Scini is stonding into o three-quorter view, focing
right, with tbe heod sighty turned in front. He is wecring o long montel to the end of the feei

Proi. Lrr. {l;:;:r ,rcrrc

ii)':r,.j, iciti l)'tj5, t:'r
ffi
i:

The lower port of the moniel, below knees, contoins chequered field with inword
lines with rhomb
potterns. The heod of the Sqint feotures the zucchetto "of senior ecclesiosticol
officiqls2 circled by
o smoll peorls nimbus. The Soint holds in his right hond o censer, honged in its three loces. ln
the
right hond, close to the chest oppeors the Gospel.

Outside the centroi medollion of the obverse, clockwise, the legend of Veneiion olphobet is
written:

" $ : STflffilw : Sdfgit?ffiflfi$I"

The legend is circled by o lorger outer circle of peorls, which occupies the entire obverse
side of
the coin. ln the spoce belween the lwo ellipses of peorls of the centrol medollion, in both
sides of
ihe Soint, we see the two-letter ocronym of the coin S {'{ .

The reverse of the coin shows in o schemolic woy rhe Lion of Soint Mork, consisting of
chorocteristic
wings ploced within c peorls circle. The heqd of the lion is circled by o nimbus"of peorls. In front
of the lion's feer ore feoiured *hree other peorls.

Outside the centrol medollion of the reverse side, c Moltese cross is ploced obove the heod
of the
lion. In o string from the cross, clockwise, the legend is written:

*: S : {llHft.{Itr/S :VffilSTI?{RV{It : 7fi :

An outer peorls circle surro-unds the legend ond the whole coin's reverse side. The ocronym,
in the
foce, observed in three of four discovered coins, (Fig. 2c-c), shows thot it is minted ot
Shkodro minl
when ihe cily wos ruled by the Venetion count ond coptoin Bertuci Civron ( 1437-j43913.

-m=rffi;iil
Srt *ffi M$ e Ceiies€ B.$!Rsds. tqss

fig. 2. Four cotns dlscovered in rhe excovatu:ns of leB5 fDesrgned by A. Bushari)

The term ' skulLcop" coresponds to lhe religtous dress in ltalion known with lhe nome "tl zucchelo,'
Lazail, l85l,6a; stockertlgla,% 95; Cor.Num. lt.vl, 1e22,671;Reyl92E,4e;Casrellani I%2,2lB2lg

\10NtY AilD BANKIN? tN AISI,NI/,, {ir0/r4 /,NlllUI{Y TA /rL}fr{'gN Tl/,/t{S - l't tonfr;rr;ne *f rtti' lluseun at' thl- Bunk a{ Alhtnit
 it

Meonwhie, we connot be cerioin obout the fourth coin (fig. 2d), which does not contoin on
ocronym on the foce. The legend on the obverse: 's:BTaFirnvs:scVritndr?3rs., the legend on ihe
reveTse: * S; fflXR(VS : UflIIdTIERV5II r 7(.

This coin mostly resembies with the coins minted by the count ond coptoin Benedetto Contorini
(r408 r4t0Y

Vincenzo Lozori in l85 I wcs ihe first one questioning the presence of o mint in Shkodro. At thot
time, he wos confident ihot the Venetion coins cointoining the nome of Shkodro, were minted
in Koiorris. Bui, obout four decodes loler, the well-known reseorcher of Venetion coins, Nicolo
Popodopoli-Adobrondini mentioned documents of the Venetion Senote, which certify the presence
of o mint in Sbkodro6. Twelve yeors loter, ihe Austrion numismotist Korl Stockert published ihe Mro
Venetion obove'mentioned documents ond noted thot the coins of Shkodro, were nol minted in
Kotorr, insteod the mint of Shkodro wos the porent minl to thqt of Kotorr/. Alreody lhe counts ond
coptoins of Shkodro in this period qre known ond hove stomped their ocronyms on the coins'
obverse8. The following toble (Fig. 3b) shows these ocronyms ond their nomes, occordingly.

The ocronym zg:, al the bottom of the egend on the reverse, sioles one of the issues of these coins
of XV century, minied ot Kotorri ond in Shkodro, which ore symbols of speciol issues of this ocol
minls, governed by the own stotutes of these cities ond for owoy from ihe direct observonce of the
moin governing corps of the stote of Venice e. ln oddition to ihe obove-mentioned ocronym, 40
lpes of ocronyms of dilferent issues ore noted on ihe reverse of mints of Venetion Shkodro (Fig 3c),
usedduring l40B
l453ro.Theinscriptiononcoins,thesignificonce,thellstingondtherighttime
of these ocronyms use on the reverse side of these ocol coins ore subiect of o more detoiled
observotion. Nevertheless, we ore conlident in offirming cn iniensive monetory octivily, cs in o
spon of 45 yeors, we note in every yeor o new issue from the Shkodrc mint.

4e,&b ffi# ffiffi \{I

r{r
t*
}fl.
)41 :

ffi# W€'3 ffiffi

1: {I
f'{!
{..o
a. *,
r"{l:
i,11:

b, Sillil ! ltrl{rrdi{F taFrncle B S[!.dre!. .l Sigld n. ihtin$ c notrdna!! rseiin. t( Sltdrdr { I {is- I 4Jl }

Fiq. 3. yereiio/t cor,rs ci Shkodro, ocranyms of boih observe crd reyerse

Conipcre:Slockeri 1ql0,El, nr.58;Ccr Num. li il, iQ22,55 l, nr-,c 6;se.e olso fig 3 i fromLanzccllection.
Lazad l85l,59
t Paocdopoli Aldabrondinr I8SB, 237
Stoclert !9iC,89gO
Stocke;l l9la, ai;CorNunr lt. Vl 1q22, 68i
t)
Papadooah'AHobrondr ni I BSB, 2A7
t:)
These accrcn yns ore iclen {rom fhe /ege,rds on rhe reyeise side o/ corns lssueC by: Stoctert I a I A, Q i-I Oa; Cor Num.
It' Vt, 1s22, 551 567 67i

j,' {snfer*nrs rf ii* dirsc*in a{ *c Srnk *{ Albsnls - ,4,i$trf y dl;S fil#trlftr$ Jl{ di,?,4tr1,4, l,f#ld i}rff0 Ulrc TA h11DtF.U l!UiS
Referring to the weight of l- l,O5 grom ond o Decree issued by ihe Venetion Senote on gJuly
1429, the four coin somples ore "grossetii" grosso equol to 4 solde, different from grosh of B
-
solds, nomed "grossoni",weighting I ,61 gromrr. I
The trodition of such monetory mints in Shkodro is known since the rule of the ciry by Rosho, ond
in porticulor under the rule by the feudol fomily of Balshor2. The King of Rosho Stefon Urosh hos
imitoted or more exoctly hos counlerfeited, the very successful coin - ihe Venetion grosso. Such
o foct is olso fixed in the mosterpiece "Divine Comedy" by Donte Alighieri. ln the XIX song of
,l40141,
Porcdise, verses Stephon Urosh of Rosho is mentioned omong others for misdeeds,
who: "che mo e ho visto il conio di Vinegio"r3.

Absolutely, the trodition of mints in Shkodro continued in the period of ihe Veneiion rule in the XVrh
century ra, os cleorly showed by the four somples found during the excovotions in I 985 ln the
costle of Shkodro {Fig. 2).

As mentloned obove, the presence of ihese mints in medievol Shkodro is noted since the middler5
or end of XlXth ceniuryr6. Reseorchers of the beginning of XX century, such os the Consul of Austrio-
Hungory in Ottomon Empire in Shkodro, Albonio Theodor lppenrz or ihe historions Konstontin
JiredekrB ond Mllon Shufloire consider the mint of Shkodra cnd mention the legend found on both
obverse ond reserve of these Jocol mints, without entering into their detois. The loter historions, to
the nowodoys one, Oiiver.Jens Schmitt20, hove repeoted this informotion, withoui ony novelty on
these mints ond their role in the trode of the cily. Meonwhile the deioiled orticie by the numismqtisl
Korl Stockert2r ond the publicotion by Corpus Numorum lioiicorum, vol. Vl, 192222 provide
detoiled informotion, still unexploited by historions. The French orchoeologist, Leon Rey, provides
rother interesting informotion. ln 1928 he wrofe he had seen in the orchoeologicol colleciion of
Fronciscon ond Jesuits Crders in Shkodro the Veneiion coins contoining the obove-stoted legends
on the obverse ond reveTse, with ond without ocronyms, minted ot the cily mint under the ru e of
Venetion counts or coploins of Shkodrq, os:

l.ZoucneBoldu(1433 1435),2. BertuciCivronll43T-1439),3.PoooMorosintll439-144Ol,

4. Frocesco Querini ll 442-1 444), 5. Poolo Loredon l1 447 I 449) dhe 6. Nicolo Diedo { I 45 I
145312s. The oriice by Zomir Tofilico in 20l32a is on effort to cotoloque these coins of Shkodro.

Pr:oodopoli'Aldo b r c: n d in t tBaB,25A,4t5
lppen lQ}i,lBq196
AlQhert, D;v. Com. Parctd xtx, 143144
F a po d opol rAi d ob ra n d n,, r tBsB,2s7
Laz':n, i 85 i 58 60
Pa pr:dopoii Aidobra ndi n i, l B9B 237 257
lppen lQAl,lBS'196
jrei-^k. lQl6, l0q
Su{flay 1924. 67-68
Schnitt 2007, 146 147
Sfoc(ert 1509,221-228, Stockert, lSl0,67 l28
Cor Num. it Vl, 1922, 55 567, 671
Rey lQ2B,49
Tofilica 201 3,6 I B I We nof t'hat lhe issue where t'his atlicle rs publishecl d'oes not meef ihe technlccl cono'ilions. Ihus
fher-^ are a lol incorrecfnesses ond lack of letters in reodinq teh legends.

"{il/'t!-l''
li4Sldfyd,ir, #dllf.Iff$ wdi$dilll. f8CIdd ilfllCI{]/ry IS #CItffiv t*nferr'nre af tlr*,4rlrrssurn of ths $sirk *f ll$rrrle:
t must be noted ihot such loco coins ot ihe iime of the Venetion rule, in porticulor ct the Albonion
seoside, ore still hidden ot the funds of our eilher oco or ceniro museums. But, they ore neither
exposed nor exposed in the museums' dlspicys.

An on ine reseorch, shows thot the Venetion coins, minls of Shkodro cify of XV century, ore nowodoys
present in the coins troding ond ouction houses of in Lonz, Munich (Numismotik Lonz Munchen -
l-londels- und Auktionshous), (Fig.3o) where ore presented the monetory mints of Venetion counts
cnd coptoins of Shkodro: l.
Benedeto Contorini (1408 l4l0) 2. Zouone Bodu (14331435)
3. Bertuci Civron 11437 1439), 4. Pcolo Morosini (1439 144a), 5. Froncesco Querini 11442
1444), ond 6. Nicoio Diedo (1451 1453)25, providing clmost o complete coins repertoire of
religious colleges in Shkodro described by Leon Rey in 192826.

ln the orchoeologicol coniext, the four coins of Shkodro ore of o high interest, os they odd evidence
to the history of the cily. The burned ond destroyed complex of the XV century houses hos remoined
inlcct since the second siege of Shkodro in l47B1479.Ihe excovotions hove brought to ight
unquestionoble troces burned under the mossive fire, destroyed wolls ond roofs hit by huge
bombshels (obove aOO kg.), rich inventory of housing obiects, folen on the floors of the houses,
etc. (Fig. I ond 4o-b ).

i:i.ti. 1. ::) H;lrLsneli oi: lil.: ,]e:i:r:r.::ll ro,:i lf i.-rr-ses ii: ri,:l..,i,,.,

This orchoeo ogico situolion offirms the subsloniiol truthfu ness of the work "De obsldione Scodrensi"
of lhe humonlst Morin Boreti2z from Shkodro. Hence, we con soy ihct excovotion in this site wos
onolher kind of reoding, not through the clphobet letiers, but through the shovel ond trowel of
the orchoeologist. lt moy be mentioned thot the reol verificotion of meosures ond weights of the
bombshells from the ottomon connons2s, described by Borleti resullos compeiely precise.

The four coins found on the f oor of the house, below the ruined roof , ore occomponied by f rcgments
of well known Venetion moiolico ond g oss housewore. The rich orchoeologico moteriol found on
the floor shows thct it is o house of the high sociely of the city (Fig. 5) This orgumeni is strenglhened
by the foct thct, under the floor, ihere is c woter cistern, mosiery bui t by gouged stone wols cnd
plostered with high quclity hydroisooting mortor. The covering of the cistern is of high quolity, with o
bricked orchwoy serving, ol the some lime, to sustoin the floor of the house2' (Fig. 4b).

N!/n. i{rnzlv1ijr;ci;er. Aukiior, I i5 p7 f,\:r 2AA31, t::t. l:r.l 56

,A.e',, i928, 48-4Q
:t..
Ectrleii, 2Ci 2
rrcx|o, iciri lQ8{:, 2b/
H,Lxhc. La[,i jq85, 266

J-" {c*i*i**i* *f if;* 14r':**m $ iii* *sti!, tf Ai!:';n!r; -lf#trty,4r!"e #Jfi'trit\I$ Jlldi$Jt\IJ'4, {';t*lL ll}*r::ii'i iA i,att,2'
82

l
-.:#
*

wFs ,'.:st i;':

Its
rr*
f{
. .. ..,,,.i I
,i,:,:ririri"

"
.j:
dr

ffiwb
,a'
ffSl t,ir ':.js ='
p:
-**:r', f'..
:
:dt ,x

'
1 :t
x-wlh
W
'+ry ,"9
':erg !, g

rc:K
{.dt .*r*
.
Wd i{
'':. .. \.: i
- i.i::ltll
rtr I
t# S i';1':
'r,f''$ - iil,
'. i:4r-,:3'-.d
.'*,- :" . .l':,. I
"' .; t,\, .' \
\,. ? ,€.
r* **3&5 i: s'' ' -i,!;".\ .'u\
..

Fig. 5 . Archeologtcal material found togelher with fhe coins on fhe house fioor

These obiects discovered ond documented through systemotic orchoeologicol excovotions, the
four silver coins somples, minted in Shkodro during the Veneiion rule iime, ore c meoningful ond
considerobly significont lestimony to the glorious history of this city, ot one of the most prominent
momenls of the resistonce_ in the seeond siege by Ottomons, in 1478-1 479.

Although they ore smcll objects, diometer 2O mm ond weight 1 gr, they hove the power of o strong
convincing orgument. Their imposing effect, especiolly to the orchoeologist, is equol to the effect
of the loter world-wide known works, which evoke these significont historicol events, : the polnting
of l585 "The Siege of Sculori" by the pointer Pcolo Veronese, on the ceiling of the Doge's Poloce
in Venice.

Thus, the contexl of our four discovered coins lestifies to the second siege of Shkodro by Ofiomons
in 1478-l479, the finol oct of o trogedy, thot would chonge the londscope not only to Albonio,
but to the whole Bolkons ond io o port of the continent for olmost 600 yeors.

We would like to conveniently conclude this poper with o possoge from the reolist ponegyric of
humonist Morin Borleil, provlding on the discription for Shkodro os; "... the most eminent cily ond
the epicentre of the region of Albonio, the wotchmon, the eye, the strength ond guordion of the
entire kingdom; the door to the lonion ond Adriotic seos, the shield of ltoly ond oll the Christions."30

3c Barlet'i 2412,66

NiC,N[y ANn EANf;1N? lN AISAN|I., fk0l,4 Al/nflf,ffY T0 /rif'il[RN Tl/r4[5 - l't knfercnte s{ tlse lltuseum af tl:e Brlnk *f /'lbunin
 p1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alighieri, Diu. Com. Parad. XIX D. Akghiei, La Diuina Commedia, Paradiso, Caato XIX, in:
http : / / diuinacon nedia. weeb fi . com f paradiso-canto-xix. htm I

Barleti 201 2 M. Barleti, Siege af S hkodra, (translated fui H. I-aca1 and preparation for pablication @ D.
Hosaflook), OnuJi, Tirana, 20/ 2.

Castellani 1932. Giuseppe Castellani, Abania Numismatica, in Rassegna Numismatica, Anno XXIX,
\lam. 7-8-9, Roma / 932, 203-225.
Lwglio-Agosto-Se/tembre,

Cor. Nwm. It. W, / 922. CoQus Nummorum Italicorum, Volame W. Veneto (7eche ninoi) Dalma4a,
Albania, Roma 1922

Hoxha, Lahi 7986. G. Iloxha, B.Inhi, The arcbaeological excauations of theyar 7985 in the castle oJ
s hkod?'r),'I/iia", / 98 6, 2, 266-26 8

Ippen 1901. Th.Ippen, UberMi.inrynAlbaniens,l{umismatische Zeitschift, Band )3, Wien / 901, 189-196

Jirefek, 1 91 6. K. Jireiek, Scutari and sein Gebiet in Mitnlalar, nb': Ilfiisch-Albanische Forschungen, I. Band,
Mlinchen und I *zp{g 1916, 94-7 24

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