GPA Standard 2145-03
Table of Physical Constants
for Hydrocarbons and Other
Compounds of Interest to the
Natural Gas Industry
Adopted 1942
Revised 1957,1962,1966,1971,1975,1977,
1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,
1997,1998,2000,2003
Gas Processors Association
6526 East 60th Street
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145
FOREWORD
The Table of Physical Constants for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to the Natural Gas
9 Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2145 provides the gas processing industry with a convenient
compilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin hydrocarbons and other compounds
occurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as well as for a few other compounds of interest to the
industry. The physical properties selected are those considered most valuable for engineering and
analytical computations in gas processing plants and laboratories. The properties are based upon the TRC
Thermodynamic Tables - Hydrocarbons and NIST Standard Reference Databases 10 (MSTIASME Steam
Properties) and 23 (REFPROP). The data in this publication have been checked, evaluated and
recalculated when necessary by the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) at NIST in Boulder,
Colorado.
Some of the numbers in the tables result from other numbers in the tables by simple calculation; the final
results are as internally consistent as is reasonably possible. Values obtained from such related data may
differ from the tabulated values in the last digit because of numerical round off, but the differences are
beyond the accuracy of the data (see the comment at the bottom of pages 3 and 9). Each of the values in
V
the Standard result from a preferred method of calculation. The value of the gas constant used in the
tables is 8.314472 joules per mole per Kelvin. Numbers in bold face are different from the previous
edition of 2 145.
The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those for many more
3 compounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. The Bleventh Edition, which became available
in 1998, has the same values as GPA Publication Standard 2145-96. Values in subsequent annual
publications of GPA 2145 may not agree exactly with those in the Data Book because it is not revised
yearly. When revision dates coincide, the values in the two tables are identical.
DISCLAIMER
GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to
do so Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information contained
I.
in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations
- should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or
suppliers to warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning health and safety risks or
precautions.
GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby
expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the
violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any
infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS) becomes effective January 1,2003
Component Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane
Malar Mass 16.042 30.069 44.0% 58.122 58.122 72149 72.149
Boiling Point I
at 60 OF. 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0 055397 ( 1.0383 ( lsznl 2.0071 1 2.0071 1 2.4914 1 2.4914
Densitv lbm/( 1000 ft3) 42.274 1 79.237 1 116.201 153.161 153.161 190.121 190.12
Summation Factor
60 OF. psis-' I 0.01 161 0.02381 0.0349 1 0.04441 0.0471 1 0.05721 0.0603
'1volume
Numbers in this table do not have accuracies greater than I parf in 1000. In some cases, extra digits have been added to calcubted
values to achieve internal consistency or to permit recalculation of experimental values.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (PPS) becomes effective January 1,2003
4
6 ,
". '*
Refer to the notes on pages 4 and 5 as well as the references on page 13. All values in this table have been adjusted to the International
Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the last version of GPA 2145.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS) becomes effective January 1,2003
Btulgal, fuel as ideal gas 47473 1 I 1 1 1 8836
Net Heating Value
at 60 OF. ideal reaction
~tulft'.fuel as ideal gas 586.8 1 I I I I
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
-- - ..- - - - --. -
I 7.1561 I I I I
1
Bhdlbm at the boiling point I 234.4 1 85.63 1 91.601 89221 86.811 970.12
Specific Heat I I
at 60 OF, 14.696 psia
C,, Btu/(lbm OF), ideal gas 0.23939 0.24829 0.21894 124036 0.23992 0.44477
C v ,BW(1bm OF), ideal gas 0.18112 0.17740 0.15688 0.74421 0.17134 033453
k =C ", ideal gas 13217 139% 1.3956 1.6667 1.4002 13295
C,, Btu/(lbm OF). sat. liq. 0.5079 1.0004
Flammability Limits
at 100 OF. 14.6% ~ s i a
~ower,vo~ume % In air 4.301 I I 1 I
Upper. volume % in air 45.501
Octane Number
Motor clear
! 1 I 1 1
TABLE FOR NOTES
GPA STANDARD
Component Notes c1 c2 c
3 i-C4 n-C4 i-C, n-C,
Molar Mass a
Boiling Point
at 14.696 psia, OF
I c I c I c I C I C I C I C
Freezing Point
at 14.696 psia, O F 1 f,g 1 f~g I f,g 1 f I f I f I f
Vapor Pressure
at 100 OF, psia I i I 1 I c I c I c I c I c
Density of Liquid
AND REFERENCES
2145-03 (FPS)
.*-
..-
n-C6 n-C7 n-C8 n-C, n-Clo COz H2S Nz 0 2 He Air H20
c l p r 1 P 1 c p r 1 c l p r 1 clp,r 1 f.h 1 d I d I d I d I d I e
NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (F'PS)
a Coursey, J. S. and Dragoset, R. A. (2001). Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 2.2.1), [Online]. Available:
http:l/physics.nist.gov/Comp 12002, February 131. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Originally
published as R.D. Vocke, Jr., Atomic Weights of the Elements 1997, Pure Appl. Chem., 71(8), 1593 (1999)
b The molar mass for air is based upon the following composition expressed in mole fraction: N2(g), 0.7812; O,(g), 0.2096; Ar(g),
0.0092.
c Calculated with the evaluated vapor-pressure equation in the TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
d NIST REFPROP Database: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (Reference 2)
e NIST Water Properties (Reference 3)
f TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
g At saturation pressure (triple point)
h Subliminationpoint
- Shaded values are estimated for the hypothetical liquid state
j The temperature is above the critical temperature
k Derived from the absolute density and the density of water from reference 3
1 Reference 4
m Saturation pressure
n Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point
0 The value used for the gas constant is 8.3 14472 ~.mol-'.~-'.
[10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol~"R)]
p Calculated values
q Defined value
r Reference 5
s Alegebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
t Gas at 60 OF and liquid at the normal boiling point
- The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 OF and 14.696 psia based upon ideal reaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to
other bases
v Derived with enthalpies of combustion for the appropriate phase at 298.15K from reference 1 (TRCTables). Adjustment to 60
OF was accomplished with ideal-gas heat capacities listed in reference 6 and liquid phase heat capacities listed in reference 7
w Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values differ by the ideal enthalpy of
vaporization at 60 OF
x Ideal enthalpy of vaporization
Y The + sign and number specify the number of crn3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added pergallon to achieve the ASTM octane
number of 100. corresponding to that of 2.2.4-trimethylpentane
z Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1,2003
Numbers in this table do not have accuracies greder than I pad in 1000. In some cases, extra digits have been added to cakulnted
values to achieve internal consktency or to permit recalculation of experimental values.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1,2003
Refer to the notes on pages 10 and 1 1 as well as the references on page 13. All values in this table have been adjusted to the International
Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the last version of GPA 2145.
8
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1,2003
TABLE FOR NOTES
GPA STANDARD
AND REFERENCES
2145-03 (SI)
-
P 1 p 1 p r 1 c p r 1 c p r 1 f,h 1 d I d I d I d I d I e
NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI)
a Coursey, J. S. and Dragoset, R. A. (2001). Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 2.2.1), [On!inel. ;\.;ailable:
http://physics.nist.gov/Comp [2002, February 131. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburc. &ID. Originally
published as R.D. Vocke, Jr., Atomic Weights of the Elements 1997, Pure Appl. Chem., 71(8), 1593 (1999)
b The molar mass for air is based upon the following composition expressed in mole fraction: N2(8),0.7812; 0 2 ( p ) .0 . 2 ~ 6 Ar(g),
:
0.0092.
c Calculated with the evaluated vapor-pressure equation in the TRC Table Database (Reference I)
d NIST REFPROP Database: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (Reference 2)
e NIST Water Properties (Reference 3)
f TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
g At saturation pressure (triple point)
h Swlimination point
i Shaded values are estimated for the hypothetical liquid state
j The temperature is above the critical temperature
k Derived from the absolute density and the density of water from reference 3
1 Reference 4 '
m Saturation pressure
n Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point
0 The value used for the gas constant is 8.314472 J . ~ o ~ ' . K - [10.7316
'. psia ft3/(lbmol.0~)]
p Calculated values
q Defined value
-
s Alegebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
t Gas at 15 "C and liquid at the normal boiling point
u The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 15 OC and 101.325 kPa based upon ideal reaction, see GPA 2172 for ccinversion to
other bases
v Derived with enthalpies of combustion for the appropriate phase at 298.15K from reference 1 (TRC Tables). Adjustment to
288.15 K was accomplished with ideal-gas heat capacities listed in reference 6 and liquid phase heat capacities listed in
reference 7
w Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values differ by :he ideal enthalvy ot
vaporization at 15 "C
x Ideal enthalpy of vaporization
y The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to achieve the ASTM octane
number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
z Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
1 X. Yan, Q. Dong, X. Hong, and M. Frenkel, NISTtTRC Table Database, NIST Standard Reference Database 85,
Version 2002. NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD.
2 E. W. Lemrnon and M. 0 . McLinden, Reference Fluid and Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (REFPROP),
NIST Standard Reference Database 23, Version 7, Beta Version, February 5, 2002. NIST Standard Reference Data
Program, Gaithersburg, MD.
3 A.H. Harvey, A.P. Peskin, and S.A. Klein, NISTIASME StearnProperties, NIST Standard Reference Database 10,
Version 2.2, NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD (2000);
and;
W. Wagner and A. Pruss, "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water
Substance for General and Scientific Use," J. Phys. Chem Ref. Data, in press (2002).
4 Wilhoit, R. C.; Marsh, K. N.; Hong, X.; Gadalla, N.; Frenkel, M.; "Thermodynamic Properties of Organic
Compounds and their Mixtures; Densities of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkanes," Group N,Volume 8, Subvolume B:
Landolt-B6mstein, 1996.
5 Dymond, J. H.; Marsh, K. N.; Wilhoit, R. C.; Wong, K. C.; "The Virial Coefficients of Pure Gases and Mixtures;
Virial Coefficients of Pure Gases," Group IV,Volume 21, Subvolume A: Landolt-Btjmstein, 2002. In Press.
6 Frenkel, M.; Kabo, G. J.; Marsh,K. N.; Roganov, G. N.; Wilhoit, R. C.; "Themmdynarnicsof Organic Compounds
in the Gas State, Vol. I & 11," TRC Data Series, 1994.
d
7 Zabransky, M.; Ruzicka, V.; Majer, V.; Dornalski, E. S.; "Heat Capacity of Liquids," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,
Monograph 6, ACS/AP, 1996.
8 Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazard Properties: Flash Points, Flammability Limits and Autoignition
Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983.
9 Obert, Edward F.; "Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution." Harper & Row: NewYork, 1973.
