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Exam 2011, questions
Fluid Mechanics 1 (Swinburne University of Technology)
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Examination Cover Sheet
1. CANDIDATE DETAILS: Student to complete (please print)
Name: ID Number:
2. EXAM DETAILS: Semester: 1 Year: 2011 Total of pages(incl. cover)
FACULTY: Engineering and Industrial Sciences Subject Code: HES 2340
Description: Fluid Mechanics 1
Duration of Exam 3 Reading time 15 % of overall assessment covered by this exam 65 %
3. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Materials Allowed You may take the following materials/ equipment into the examination venue:
Portable non-programmable calculators (All calculators must be master cleared)
Material/equipment that is not on this list is unauthorised material.
Where a student is found in possession of any unauthorised material:
The Student Examination Irregularity procedures of the Assessment and Appeals Policy and Procedures Higher
Education will be implemented.
Answering Requirements
Attempt all questions
The use of RED PENSis forbidden for this examination. Any other colour is acceptable
4. CANDIDATE DECLARATION
I am the person stated above
I agree to obey the Examination Supervisors instructions for proper conduct of the exam
I have read and understood the Instructions to Candidates provided
I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure that I have been correctly enrolled for the above subject and that I am fully
liable for any outstanding fees and charges
I am aware that I am not allowed to present for any special examination unless approval has been granted by the
appropriate Swinburne or external authority
STUDENTSIGNATURE: DATE:
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Swinburne Higher Education Division Exam Paper
QUESTION ONE (1+1+1+1+1+5=10 marks)
A. If u is velocity, x is distance, t is time, ρ is density, p is pressure and μ is dynamic viscosity,
which of the following is dimensionally homogeneous?
a. ∂u/∂t + u ∂u/∂x = -1/ρ ∂p/dx + μ ∂u/∂x
b. u ∂u/∂x = -1/ρ ∂p/dx + μ ∂2u/∂x2
c. u ∂u/∂x = - ∂p/∂x
d. ∂u/∂t = -∂p/dx + μ ∂2u/∂x2
B. The figure shows a visualisation of flow in a channel. The lines are:
a. Streamlines.
b. Streaklines.
c. Pathlines.
d. Timelines.
C. The pressure inside a bubble is higher than the pressure outside because of:
a. The higher density of the liquid.
b. The difference in hydrostatic pressure across the interface
c. The difference in viscosity of liquid and gas.
d. The surface tension of the interface.
D. A mining-industry slurry is tested in a rheometer. It is found that the shear stress increases
with the rate of shear strain applied. It is:
a. Shear thickening
b. Shear thinning
c. Newtonian
d. Inviscid
E. A diver working on an offshore rig descends to a depth of 20 m. The pressure in the diver’s
lungs should be approximately:
a. 100 kPa
b. 200 kPa
c. 300 kPa
d. 400 kPa
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F. The velocity distribution of water (20oC) flowing along a flat surface of a new design of
ship’s rudder has been measured experimentally and is given by u=a(y/b)1/6, where a=10
m/s, b=2 mm and y is the normal distance from the surface. What is the shear stress at 1 mm
from the surface?
QUESTION TWO (15 marks)
A. A small chemical-industry tank fitted with a manometer as shown contains a dense fluid
with specific gravity S=3.0 and 200 mm deep. Workers should have added water to a depth
of 150 mm above the dense fluid. What height Δh do you expect to find when you inspect
the tank?
(10 marks)
B. A sea-water aquarium is planned to have a circular window with diameter D=80 cm. Its top
is h=1.2 m below the water surface and the aquarium wall is at the angle shown in the figure
below.
What is the hydrostatic force acting on the window?
Where is the Centre of Pressure?
(5 marks)
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QUESTION THREE (15 marks)
A. An aircraft with wing section shown is flying at 80 m/s through air at 15oC. The pressure is
1 atm. Measurements show V1=85 m/s and V2=75 m/s. What is the pressure difference
between point 2 and point 1? (5 marks)
B. A jet of water of diameter d=50 mm into the atmosphere is created by a piston pushed into a
cylinder of diameter D= 100 mm with force F and speed 18 m/s. Neglecting all friction and
internal losses,
What is the speed of the jet?
What is F?
(10 marks)
Water
59oF
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QUESTION FOUR (15 marks)
A. A remotely-controlled submersible robot for offshore structure inspection is being
designed. Model tests have determined the drag force on it is given by
FD = CD ½ (ρ (V sub) 2) Ap ,
where CD = 0.3 and Ap= 0.28 m2. It is to be driven by a water jet drawn through an inlet
of 25 mm diameter and expelled through a nozzle of 5 mm diameter with speed Vjet. The
robot should move with V sub = 1 m/s in 15oC water. What should Vjet be? (5 marks)
B. The tank of water shown, including both the water and the tank structure, has a total
weight of 200 N. The pressurised air drives a jet of diameter d=12 mm out of the tank. The
tension in the cable is 10 N and the water height H = 425 mm. What is the air pressure in
units of atm gauge? (10 marks)
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QUESTION FIVE (15 marks)
A. A venturi meter of minimum diameter d=25 cm is located in a pipe of diameter D=40 cm.
The head loss from the venturi meter to the end of the pipe is given by
hL = 0.9 V2/(2 g) ,
where V is the speed of flow in the pipe after the venturi. There are no other significant head
losses. The kinetic energy correction factor is α=1. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa
absolute. Determine:
The head H at which cavitation commences
The discharge at which cavitation commences
a) Draw HGL and EGL of the system from the tank to the outlet
b) Where is the point of maximum pressure in the system?
c) Where is the point of minimum pressure in the system?
(8 marks)
B. For the system shown, consisting of two reservoirs, two pipes and machine at A,
(a) What is the flow direction?
(b) What kind of machine is at A?
(c) Are the two pipes, CA and AB, of the same diameter?
(d) Sketch the system EGL.
(e) Is there vacuum at any point? If so, where?
(7 marks)
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QUESTION SIX (15 marks)
A. In the pumped-storage system shown, L1 = 100 m, L2 = 1000 m, D1 = 1 m and D2 = 0.5 m.
The lower reservoir surface elevation is 150 m, the pump elevation is 100 m and the upper
reservoir surface elevation is 250 m. The kinetic energy correction factor is α=1 at all points.
The pipe entry is rounded, giving negligible head loss, but there is a head loss at the abrupt
exit. The pipe head loss is given by
hL = 0.018 (L/D) V2/(2 g)
where V is the speed of flow in the pipe. The pump and motor combined have an efficiency
of 74%. What input electrical power is required to pump 10oC water at 3 m/s from the lower
to the upper reservoir? (8 marks)
B. In the pipe system shown, pipe 1 is 1000 m long and 0.5 m in diameter; pipe 2 is 1500 m
long and 0.4 m in diameter. A total discharge of 1.2 m3/s of water at 10oC is required. The
pipe material is commercial steel. What is the ratio of flow in pipe 1 to the flow in pipe 2?
(7 marks)
QUESTION SEVEN (20 marks)
A. An undersea earthquake causes a disturbance of height Δy to the ocean surface as shown in
the figure (a). The disturbance Δy is small compared with the ocean depth, y. By applying
Bernoulli’s equation in a frame of reference moving with speed c as shown in the figure (b),
show that the resulting tsunami travels at a speed given by
c=√(g y),
where g is the acceleration due to gravity. [Hint: Neglect (Δy)2 terms] (15 marks)
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B. A slice gate 2 m wide is fitted in a horizontal irrigation channel. Downstream of the gate,
flow is 0.3 m deep at 3.6 m3 per metre of width. Could a hydraulic jump be created
downstream? If so, what would the depth be downstream of the jump? (5 marks)
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Hydraulic jump depth ratio equation Hydraulic jump head-loss equation Gradually Varied Flow equation
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Examination conditions start now.
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with any examination notice displayed in the examination room and with
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