INTRODUCTION

In developing city like Warangal, water supply systems represent an important part

in the urban infrastructure and critical factor of public health issue and economic

development. The effectiveness of any resource management depends upon the

nature of a sequence of measures preceding the decision. Information regarding

location, at any given point of interest is necessary in the analysis and design of

several resources management projects such as dam construction, pipe-lining,

water reservoir operation, water distribution and wastewater disposal (Johnson,

2009).

Water is a scarce commodity, getting scarcer day by day. The humanitarian crises

are not just the quantity of water available but the basis on which distribution

networks are worked out. In the developing nation, most of municipalities

distribution networks are have been grossly over stripped by rapid growth

population. Neither the quantity of water available, nor the supplied mode is

adequate for the inhabitants of these cities. The people who bear the brunt of this,

however, are the poor. People living in over-crowded shanty towns are not

supplied an assured or clean supply of water. A primary impact is threats to life

through diffusion of infectious diseases including anaemia arsenicosis, ascariasis

diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, scabies (Pond, 2005). Other impacts includes reduces
benefits for recreation, diminished health of aquatic ecosystems, could open the

door to door corruption and increases violence between water user due to water

scarcity, pricing and uncertainty. Water supply in the slum area is not financially

beneficial for organization in developing country due to very low cost and at time

free of cost. In this circumstance, authorities in every town of the developing world

need to devise systems of water supply and distribution that accommodate the

needs of the growing number of urban poor.

In recent years, geographic information system (GIS) is a widely used tool in the

field of engineering, environmental science and related discipline. GIS is rapidly

changing the ways that engineering planning, design, and management of

resources are conducted (Johnson, 2009). Water resources system can analyze

mathematical model. However supply system are complex involving both physical

and human dimensions, thus may not be defined accurately by mathematical

method. GIS analysis and linked mathematical models can provide wide-ranging

capabilities to examine plans and designs because of mapping visualization help to

connect complex information. The goal of this study is to design a GIS based water

distribution system to deliver potable water especially in slum areas in required

quantities and in satisfactory level to improve the quality of life. This may

introduce a significant advantage in water consumption in slum area.

Water supply system (WSS) is a complex system that integrates several spatial

features. Therefore, it is needed to use multi- support information system to have

capability of storing; managing and analyzing the large data set. Design of surface

water supply system concerns the locations and capacities of diversion works and

storage, as well as the operations of these to meet multiple purposes and objectives.

Therefore in order to ensure the availability of sufficient quantity of good quality

of water, it becomes almost imperative in a modern society, to plan and build

suitable water supply schemes. This may provide potable water to the various

section of the community in accordance with their demand and requirements. Due

to the advent of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), it possible to visualize,

and model the entire cycle of water supply network from source to household.

Geographical Information System (GIS) which provide some of the most

comprehensive tools for storing, manipulation and analyzing. The implementation

of GIS can not only reduce the time needed for analyzing information but also can

ensure a more efficient use of the resource with high flexibility in time and scale. It

enables user to store and display large amount of data graphically to greatly

enhance the interpretation and analysis. One important GIS capability is in

handling both digital spatial features and the associated databases of attribute

information for map features (Healey, 1988). GIS also provide the tools for spatial

queries, spatial calculations and spatial data modeling and generate the attribute
maps. Once all the data are stored, both the digital map and the database can be

manipulated simultaneously. This is particularly important in many water planning

applications, which require data on a wide variety of physical, geological, social

and environmental attributes. This paper discusses some aspects of designing of a

GIS-base WSS in urban area

 LITERATURE REVIEW

A lot of research is going on in this area as it has wide range of application. A few

important contributions are discussed in the following text.

MENDONCA and REZENDE, 2000, used Geographical Information Systems

(GIS) techniques for selection of best river transversal sections for building dams

to create reservoirs. GIS is a fast procedure selecting the best sites taking into

account the environmental impacts from inundation. They described the joint

application of GIS and Stochastic Hydrology for selection of location and sizing

of water reservoirs in Brazil. Periodic Auto-Regressive Moving Average

(PARMA) Models and Reservoir Water Balance techniques were utilized for

defining the size of the reservoirs.

Jawad and Yahya, used geographic information systems (GIS) tools and remote

sensing data prepare and analyze digital layers of lithology, geological structure,

drainage and topography to detect the most promising sites for groundwater

exploration in an arid basin in Jordan. Maps of existing wells and generated maps

were intersected to calculate the percentage of wells in each interval of density and

count of lineaments and drainage. Different GIS functions of intersection and

spatial query were then applied to produce the final map for the most promising
sites for groundwater exploration. The study showed that remote sensing and GIS

provided efficient tools for mapping promising sites for groundwater exploration.

However, the data of groundwater wells would contribute to refining the final

locations of the most promising sites.

Prattana and Royol, addressed the capability of a computer system to integrate,

store, analyze, and display geographic information. Earlier, the GIS was limited to

cartography and various data management such as natural resource management,

environmental impact assessment, etc. Internet allows more geographic

information sharing for multiple users at same time. The Internet GIS system

facilitates the access, processing, and dissemination of geographic or

nongeographic information. They developed internet GIS application water

resource management for the better understanding of the user for overall country

watershed.

Khadri, Pande et al linked GIS and RS facilities with mapping of urban drinking

network, positioning of the storage water tank and selection of the source of water

for the water supply system, with consideration of ground surface properties. They

addressed use of GIS, GPS and RS technology for visualization and network

planning and Mapping. They collected information from various sources and
integrated it with GIS to identify the distribution supply networks. A spatial

database was designed and created and results were displayed in GIS maps, tables,

and graphics. It was proved that GIS is a competent and effective tool for

managing networks. They explained water network distributions supply system in

and around Chalisgaon city using Remote Sensing, GPS and GIS techniques. The

pattern of urban expansion over the demographic change and land use

modifications was also analyzed.

Larsen, Mark et al, presented examples of how GIS can be a good partner for

hydraulics modeling and integrating with asset management system to form an

efficient work bench for building maintaining and graphically presenting accurate

water supply and sewer models. The ability of GIS to work with large amounts of

data is a visual and easy way to understand than other slow and cumbersome

processes such as building hydraulic models.

Vairavamoorthy andYan et al, presented a GIS based spatial decision support

system for modeling contaminant intrusion into water distribution system. Three

models were developed to simulate the process and risk of contamination. A

seepage model predicts the contaminant zone of pollution sources and the change

of concentration during migration through soil. A pipe condition assessment

model ranks the condition of water pipe in terms of the potential of contaminant
ingress. An ingress model combines the geometry algorithm with contaminant

zone to obtain the potential pollution areas of water distribution pipe. They

integrated three models with ArcView GIS to support decision making for risk

mitigation. The contaminant ingress potential and potential pollution area of water

pipes were displayed as thematic maps in GIS. The areas resulting in high risk

were identified from the GIS maps. Thus GIS based spatial decision support

system helped to achieve maximum risk reduction.

Yan and Sultan et al, developed an integrated, remote sensing-based approach to

improve estimation of renewable water resources. They incorporated extraction of

spatial and temporal data using remote sensing techniques and then integrated data

to determine precipitation, soil moisture, reservoir volume and stages, and flows in

large river channels, which are key components in hydrologic processes. They

developed hydrologic model that simulates hydrologic processes, water usage for

energy production, and agricultural activities with a GIS capability to interpret and

implement multiple satellite sensor data for model input and model calibration.

This integrated; characterization method has been applied to the arid to semiarid

areas, Egypt. Their model provided estimates for potential water resources and can

be used as a tool for future management optimization.

Yu Weng and Huiting Liu, mentioned GIS technology to share information with

users effectively in the industry. In an era of big data, the main feature of GIS is

sharing and storage of spatial information. The idea of cloud computing turned all

IT resources into services, combined the model of HADOOP and GIS

Technology, which will be popular as water and electricity.

Dasika P. Rao, developed a remote sensing and geographic information system

(GIS)-based integrated approach for sustainable development of land and water

resources. The information on soils, water resources and land use/land cover was

collected from various sources and integrating them with the social, cultural, and

economic needs of the people, and using GIS as a tool. The integration helped in

the generation of an action plan identifying specific interventions in a watershed.

The implementation of action plans in some selected watersheds resulted in

slowing down of land degradation, rising of ground water levels, and greening of

wastelands. It was concluded that for sustainable development, it is essential to

take into account analysis of multiple objectives, impact and risk analysis.

Fletcher and Sun et al, developed a set of tools and procedures that combine the

power of GIS with a set of water quality models to support the management of

water resources and in-stream water quality. They focused on the Watershed

Characterization and Modeling System (WCMS), a set of GIS tools highlighted on

watershed issues in West Virginia including flow estimation, delineation of

watersheds for a selected pour point, identified potentially affected streams from a

pollutant source, rank watersheds for remediation, and use water quality data to

estimate pollutant loadings and concentrations related to acid mine drainage.

Water Quality Modeling System (WQMS), was developed to dynamically

estimate the impacts of pollutant or treatment on downstream water quality.

WQMS uses a stream network model developed with Java tools as an adjunct to

WCMS. WCMS and WQMS are designed as tools for regulators, industrial

operators, environmental planners, and communities to better understand stream

conditions and the cumulative impacts of pollution and treatment on water quality.

Yang and Liu et al, described the severity of drought in Yellow River basin

which the second largest river in China and plays main roles in water resources.

They used Drought Index to express the meteorological drought and NDVI mean

deviation to express the real drought. On the basis of various data, the value of

Drought Index and NDVI mean deviation was calculated and developed a model

of Slop and Correlation. The drought was divided into four regional classes and

respectively analyzed the temporal and spatial features of meteorological and real

drought.
Lin, Chu et al, used remote sensing and GIS techniques for Drought risk

assessment in arid environments. Using remote sensing and GIS techniques, they

quantified cumulative vegetative and hydrological drought risks in Ejin Oasis,

western China. They analysed spatial distributions in drought are often influenced

by spatial autocorrelation. The use of the Getis statistic (Gi*) provided insights on

the spatial relationships of land cover changes to drought risk assessment.

Specially, the location of significant Gi* values identified areas where the

differences in cumulative vegetative and hydrological drought risks occur and are

spatially clustered. Analyzing the local spatial autocorrelation of the differences

between vegetative and hydrological drought risks identified those areas that have

systematic sensitivity to areas of high drought risk.

Shakoor, Shehjad et al, described the importance and capabilities of modern

techniques such as remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS)

as water resource management and conservation tool. They calculated accurate

crop water requirement by using RS/GIS in combination with hydraulic models.

Data was collected from various sources to find water requirement and

CROPWAT model at various stages of crop growth developed. Then water

required for each individual crop was calculated. The study can help in avoiding
wastage of canal water at farm level, which can be optimally used for increasing

irrigated areas and crop productivity in the area.

Chiu, Liaw et al, developed a GIS based decision supporting system (DSS)

incorporating hydraulic simulation and economic analysis (Benefit –Cost-Ratio,

B/C), and uses the rooftop (Rain Water Harvesting Systems)RWHSs in Taipei

City. Two RWHS designs were tested in DSS to visualize the spatial distribution

of the reliability and B/C ratio, and to seek the optimum design. Rainwater

harvesting increased the water availability and reduced the dependence on

centralized water supply systems. However, the spatial, temporal, and economic

factors have not been well integrated to support RWHS design. The DSS in

showed to be useful for quantifying and visualizing the performances of RWHSs.

DSS included the spatial information, the simulation of hydraulic performance,

and optimized design. Sensitivity analysis further verifies that the DSS renders

higher information value than the traditional generalized method. Consequently,

this DDS is a feasible tool and has potential in enlarging the public participation

and subsequently promote the implementation of RWHS to ease the water

shortage problems.
Wang, Wei et al, designed a water supply network based on GIS, the system

based on Arc GIS platform, using ClientServer and Browser-Server model to form

a new composite model to set up the system. They explained seamless integration

of GIS of water supply pipeline network and hydraulic model which was based on

building pipeline network concise model dynamic and use the hydraulic

calculation function to guarantee the authenticity of hydraulic model, hydraulic

model which can help to simulate the whole system and analyze the condition of

pipeline network. The model can help operator to know the condition of water

pipe every segment in the system and forecast the events of pipe blowout, and

according to the requirements of system, the fast locating algorithm was modified

to reduce the time of searching objects. All these important technologies can

strengthen the security, improve the speed of locating objects and help operator to

analyze the pipeline condition.

Shi, Ye et al, used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as tools in hydrology &

hydrodynamic modeling and used in the evaluation of integrative development

and utilization of water resource. They related coupling of hydrology &

hydrodynamic models and GIS system, collaborative work of heterogeneous

systems and the integration of distributed spatial database. They described the

system GIS based modeling of hydrological analysis and cascade hydroelectric

station however the data and process were undertaken on separate platforms. It

reported a framework, system design, function design; correlative techniques for

GIS based modeling and analysis in digital valley system integration. A threetier

architecture was introduced as framework in the system integration process,

spatial database middleware ArcSDE integrate with Oracle to realize the

integrative management of spatial and property database, a COM-based GIS

component MapObjects was used for the GIS client-tier development, and

different specific models are developed as COM-based component, The integrated

system realizes both GIS and specific functions in hydrological analysis and

cascade hydroelectric station optional dispatching, the function and data

integration are both realized in some degree. This integrated system, explained

the basic GIS functions such as space query, statistics and analysis, but also

supplies a tool for visualization of the hydrology & hydrodynamic analysis and

simulation result and COM-based framework makes it convenient to extend

system function flexible by developing new specific models as a component.

Wand, Fang et al, Based on the multi-angled underlying surface information

provided and generated by GIS, the authors took into account topology, vegetation

and soil’s effects in the developmental process of runoff and built a spatial

distributed model of basin water storage capacity. On the base of these studies,
IHMS-VSWSC (Integrated Hydrological Modeling System Based on Various

Spatial Water Storage Capacity) was explored and developed to simulate basin

rainfall runoff process ， which simulated hydrologic processes including canopy

interception, snow melt, evapotranspiration, runoff production and flow

concentration. Lastly, this model was applied and verified in the hydrologic

simulation of Laoha River Dianzi basin, China. An average NASH-Sutcliffe

coefficient of 0.807 was achieved and it indicated that this hydrologic model was a

good one, as well as the spatial distributed model of water storage capacity the

authors built could describe relative spatial distribution of water storage capacity

in cold and arid area.

Hongqi, Huili et al, found Remote sensing technology a powerful tool for the

eco-environment status evaluation with its rapid updating, big scale and multi-

resolution characteristics, which enhanced the working efficiency and saved the

labor force. It was proved by the practices that RS combining the GIS technology

can provide powerful support for the eco-environment status evaluation and

regionalization. Through the analysis of evaluation result, eco-environment status

of Beijing kept stable overall, having a status of “Good”. Vegetation coverage and

urban building area change, water resources reduction and air pollutants emission
control became the most important factors influencing eco-environment

transformation.

Kurnaz and Salahova, developed a database using RS and GIS to grab resources

and opportunities of prediction, to reduce natural risk by implementing appropriate

engineering and technology with time in hand. They used GIS to bridge gaps

between data gathering, modeling and flood prediction. DEM-based models were

used to represent floodplain geomorphology. Potential inundation zones were

determined with the help of DEM-based surface and satellite image by data layers.

Guo and Ding build a data warehouse based on GIS and Data Mining technology

to dine out the area of the distinct difference. However, the results are using data

extracted from the excavation is comprehensive information, but not numerical

results, which can provide real-time decision-making based on analysis.

Hailini, yi et al, carried out a primary assessment for flood risk in Hubei Province

on the basis of digital topographic map of 1/ 250000 scale and strong function on

space analysis and overlapping of GIS (Geographic Information System) platform.

They calculated four raster coverages through analysis and digitization for

precipitation, topography, water system and frequency of historical floods for

flood risks. Then, a map of assessment for flood risk in Hubei Province is made by
overlapping these raster coverages of the four factors. They reached to a results

which matched with pasthistory.

Sulin and Wenbin, developed information system (GIS)-MapInfo software using

Matlab software, and visual basic language in this paper for the study of

groundwater resources management in Poyang Lake. The user interface was

developed using visual basic language, which can provide the running background

work environment of MapInfo.

Matlab was used to accomplish numerical calculation. The MapInfo’s functions of

spatial analysis and display were used in this system by visual basic program

activating MapInfo. Many functions could be accomplished including the spatial

and attribute data displaying, editing and querying, spatial statistics and analysis,

thematic map compiling, and groundwater quality visual evaluation. Groundwater

resources effective management and groundwater quality visual evaluation could

be realized by development of this system. The development of this system will

provide assistant decision supports for reasonable exploiting groundwater

resources.

Liu, Wang et al, presented a GIS-Based WRCC assessment System. This system

is composed of index system of WRCC assessment, data collection module, data

preprocessing module, data integration module etc. Hydrological data,

meteorological phenomena, water level, social economy, subsoil water, land use

zone, water environment etc. can all be input and processed in this system. Based

on the classification and regionalization of the ecosystem, multiple ecological

management objectives and the spatial variability of the environmental flow

requirements of the Shule River Basin can be analyzed in this system. An Index

system of water resources carrying capacity assessment was constructed in this

system, with the help of the dynamic data collection system.

Du, Zhang et al, developed GIS-based water supply demand model has been to

estimate the water supply demand. The model was used to predict the future water

demand of Wujiang City in the year of 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results indicated

an increase of about 9.8%, 24.0%, 31.8% in water demand due to future

development of Wujiang City. The results show that the water demand model is

sufficient enough to be employed to predict water demand in urban areas in

Wujiang City.

Mie and Lijie developed a network of hydro-geological information systems on

the basis of GIS for Evaluation and management of groundwater. Model base

management subsystem is designed, in which parameter calculation model, mining

prediction model, and groundwater resources management model are included.

Groundwater resource management model is build and applied. Groundwater

resources management model offers support for optimizing management and

rational use of water resource.

Meng, Bian et al, presented an application of webbased GIS and GPS technology

to assess water quality, by using a case study of comparing and contrasting

watersheds in Michigan. A simple and interactive web-based GIS provides

functions of the watershed management which can be opened in Internet/Intranet

for specific users or general public users. A palm-size GPS device provides

location information, x and y coordinates, in the observation site that can bring all

associate data of physical, chemical, and biological conditions.

Hsueh-Sheng, Chen et al, utilized the geographic information system (GIS) as a

basic space analysis method to conduct the regional planning on broken,

perforated and the cutting of farmlands, and integrate them with living,

production, ecological and other aspect indicators so as to carry out space overlay

mapping and suitability analysis. Through farmland resources and space planning,

current use of farmland resources, adjust the unsuitable sites, and adverse

environmental conditions or improper use of farmlands by coordinating with state

land functions and divisional simulation results.

Zhang, Li et al, Extracted watershed features from DEM (Digital Elevation

Model) for Hydrologic study and preprocess of hydrological simulation analysis

using Arc Hydro Tools. ArcHydro is a geospatial data model especially GIS for

Water Resources, developed for building hydrologic information systems to

synthesize geospatial and temporal water resources data supporting hydrologic

modeling and analysis. ESRI cooperated with the Center for Research in Water

Resources (CRWR) at The University of Texas at Austin, based on GeoDatabase,

designed and developed the Arc Hydro geospatial data model, which is specially

used in hydrological data model. DEM preprocessing, stream flow definition,

accumulated grid generation, automatic stream network generation and watershed

boundaries generation are five steps for the procedure. Hillsborough River

watershed, located in the central Florida, U.S. was studied for the research. Arc

Hydro Tools were used to extract watershed features and obtain the intended

delineated watersheds for future hydrologic model research. The study results

showed that, automatically extracting watershed features based on Arc Hydro

tools is feasible and effective.

Bo, Chang-lai et al, applied Vector Drawing Function in GIS Software to draw

single index figures in the actual conditions of the plain area of Jilin Province. The

attributive database of GIS is applied to evaluate the antipollution capability of

groundwater in the plain area of Jilin Province. The assessment results are

coincident with the hydro geological conditions of the study area.

Zhang, Zeng et al, analyzed the business application requirements of Three

Gorges Reservoir area water environment risk assessment and early warning

platform, referred to “Federal Enterprise Architecture”, based on the "SOA" and

"modular" system architecture design, and then according to the needs of data

resources “big focus”, established standard database exchange and procedure

interactive interface based on web services, as well as water environment database

based on GIS, explored the loosely coupled standard interface, the embedded

water quality model and the display method with GIS integration.

Guo, Xiao et al, designed a GIS based system to assist water resources

professionals in making economical and efficient decision. GIS and remote

sensing techniques are effectively used to replace, complement and supplement

data collection in various facets of different kinds of water resources projects. The

system consists of five parts: Geographical Information System (GIS), the

database, the mathematical model, the knowledge database and the User Graphical

Interface. The system can help water resource manager to appreciate the potential

of remote sensing capabilities for application in the management of precious water

wealth. The system can dynamically monitor water and provide decision support
for precious water management It has obvious economic, environmental and social

benefits.

Huang and Huang presented a water resource and environment management

information system based on GIS technology. The system select ArclMS product

as service platform, then use the EJB technology to encapsulate the map

realization. They described the key technology in the system development,

including the system architecture, the class to encapsulate the map realization and

the function of the system.

Zhang and Yang, analyzed the uniqueness of using the RS (Remote Sensing) /

GIS (Geography Information System) technology as an assistant tool in the

practical teaching. From the teaching practices, it showed that this method can

broaden the horizon of geography environment education way of thinking and

explore new ways to enhance the education quality. It is significant for not only

consisting with the requirements of essential-qualities-oriented education and

geography curriculum reform, but also representing the trend of development in

geography and the information society.

Nan-xiang and Xin-hui proposed a research method based on GIS and Analytic

Hierarchy Process (AHP). The influential factors including river basin, landform,

etc, are selected as the indicators. Then the weights of these factors are calculated
using AHP. Combining with the spatial analysis function of GIS technology, the

groundwater resources partition in Zhongmu County is studied. The result shows

the method is valid and rationable.

Song, Zheng et al, used Artificial neural network (ANN) based on Arc Engine

(AE) of GIS to predict surface water quality in the Chanzhi Reservoir, Qingdao,

China. The results reflected the water quality change trends with less than 10%

average relative error. Using MS SQL Server database technology combined with

Geodatabase, the system achieves the fundamental geographic information and

hydrological data management, and water quality prediction. It uses GIS

component technology to build an efficient and stable platform which applied to

general surface water quality prediction. This software had good information

extraction and query functions to help decision-makers to manage water resource

better.

Lui, Currit et al, generalized several water body characteristics in optical

remotely sensed images and then proposes a segmentation-based water body

extraction method. The proposed algorithm exploits several features and uses a

perception machine (PM) of neural network (NN) to build a classifier. An overall

classification accuracy of 96% indicates that this method holds promise for

extracting water bodies from optical remotely sensed images.

Li, Sun et al, developed a 3D water resources information system. On the basis of

contrast and analysis of current 3D GIS software, the GIS database was

established and the techniques of COM (Component Object Model) and 3D

visualization were implemented. The system breaks through the limitation of

traditional two-dimensional display and is independent of the development

environment and current GIS platform, which can quickly provide decision

support for the flood regulation and water storage. The proposed method can be

applied into other related fields, such as design, development and application of

3D.

Ma and Cui, explained the design and technological implementation method of

water quality information management system based on GIS, providing reference

for scientific management of water quality information for Fuzhou city of Jiangxi

province taking MapInfo as the platform.

Jia, Qian et al, extracted data by remote sensing image and functions of Arcgis

software, a new index system for the importance of water conservation districts

Chengde regions has been established by AHP. The result of the study is as

follows: the degree of water conservation in Chengde is divided into 4 classes,

which are extremely important area, medium important area, slightly important

area and ordinary area. Besides, corresponding suggestions on the development

and construction of various regions are put forward finally.

Luo, Xu et al, explored the integration of data warehouse (DW), virtual reality

(VR) and GIS in water resources information system to solve the problems of

water conservation. Firstly, DW was built in this system to integrate hydrological

data from ultra-short wave (USW) telemetering system with those from general

packet radio service (GPRS) telemetering system, providing the system with

desirable data without massive calculation in clients. Secondly, remote sensing

image was utilized as the base map of the system, which was also used for three-

dimensional animations generation so that watershed characteristics could be

demonstrated more intuitively. Finally, with the help of GIS, water resources

information system was developed which could meet diverse practical

requirements of water conservancy management.

Li, Sun et al, presented the 3D development tool and system architecture for

contrasting and analyzing current system development patterns. On the base of

research on 3D scene construction by OpenGL and hydrological feature extraction

in GIS, the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake in Sichuan, China, is considered as a study

area in the system implementation. Because of basic development, the system is

independent of any current GIS platform or control and able to extend function

flexibly. The system also breaks through the limitation of traditional two-

dimensional display and enables hydrological analysis. The proposed method can
be applied into other relevant projects by reason of flexible function, lower cost

and cross platform.

Jin, Liu et al, discussed the mature development of Geographic Information

System (GIS) and wide use of the DRASTIC (Depth to water, Net recharge,

Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone and hydraulic

Conductivity) model, a GIS-based DRASTIC model has been a main method in

groundwater vulnerability assessment. GIS-based DRASTIC model, analyses the

research advances of improved model at home and abroad, including reasonable

adjustment of evaluation indices, the coupling of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

(AHP) and the fuzzy mathematics theory, and discusses the trends of further

research as well.

Qian, Shen et al, explored the potential census data of pollution sources, with the

application of environmental management theory and GIS technology, the work of

integrating geospatial data and remote sensing of the data of Tangshan has

achieved successfully in 2010, the Symbolic of pollution sources has also been

realized, the Establishment of industrial pollution GIS provides the function of

query and analysis, it is important for quantifying and level to level management

of the sources, Furthermore it laid the foundation for the establishment of early

warning platform in the future.

Huang and Zhang, proposed a decision support system for the water resources

exploitation and overall planning. They showed the system structure and

introduced the application of remote sensing technique and GIS in that realm.

Decision Support Sub-system (DSS) for water resources management and scheme

evaluation was explained.

Kong and Yang, explained water resource information management system

which is based on Web GIS, internet and database technology. Therefore, the

study aimed to realize the water management internet and visualize based on water

data.

Agen, Yangyang et al, designed a site selection algorithm for water resources

points based on GIS technology. By analyzing the relationship between supply

and demand constraints, it plans points-site and solves the water resources

allocation problem. Although suboptimal, the algorithm has the merit of simplicity

and concision. Water resources distribution system using this algorithm is

implemented on the base of real geographic data from Qinghai province.

Ye, Wang et al, utilized geospatial data, supported by the water resource and civil

engineering data, the dam-break and flood simulation results can be dynamically

visualized in a creative 3D spatio-temporal Geographic Information System (GIS).

The spatio-temporal analysis, the bi-temporal comparison and theme statistic

analysis provided details of the inundated area. By taking the Smoothed Particle
Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation output results into spatiotemporal modeling, the

3D dynamic visualization of GIS was achieved.

Huang, Lin et al, introduced the design and implementation of the decision

support system based on GIS for flood control. This system is based on the

hydrology information system colligates real-time precipitation and flow

inspection, flood control administration, flood forecast and simulation, flood

information dissemination, related damage evaluation and illustrated the system

architecture, the functional framework and the design of decision support

subsystem.

Cui, Jia et al, designed and implemented architecture of municipal water

resources MIS (Management Information System) based on GIS. They designed

an algorithm for auto-generating of water isoline based on TIN. An algorithm for

the same color weighted minimum distance was proposed; GML was used to

represent and store the spatial information and map data.

 Methodology

The methodology was developed according to the needs and requirements for

the studies based on the overlaying the features on the LULC map and to

determine the water distribution network. As WSS uses spatial database, GIS

technology can act as important rules in collecting, storing, managing and

analyzing of spatial data set that are used in designing of WSS. Data collection is

an important part of the GIS projects. GIS Base WSS is used multi objects and

data sets Data collection is done based on satellite images are used to distinguish

the best path of water supply network. Satellite image are very useful to find the

best alternative to conducting the water pipes with taking ownership and land use

in to consideration.

Fig. 2 Digital Elevation Model map of Warangal City

Bird satellite Image was used collect some ground update data such as

service roads, farm land and barriers such as Water Tank, City Source and

settlement boundaries. Also, Satellite image and digital elevation model (DEM)

are used for train visualization.

here DEM OF WARANGAL CITY

Step-by-Step Methodology:-

The step-by-step approach followed for the study is as follows

 Collection of field data on the existing water supply distribution system and

transmission network system, elevation by various survey methods &

survey equipments such as Global Position System Garmin 7.2.

 Preparation of various thematic layers viz. Road Networks, Rivers, Railway

line, Buildings, Building groups etc. Maps are prepared from existing

vector based NRSA map (1:2000scale).

 Development of network layers via, Road network, Water Distribution

Network, transmission network system, and preparation of input data for

the data models by incorporating field attribute data.

 Generation of data model from GIS.