0% found this document useful (0 votes)
218 views33 pages

p1 PPL Member Certification Standards

The document outlines the membership certification standards for obtaining a Private Pilot License for airplanes single engine land, including requirements for areas of operation, tasks, knowledge and risk elements, acceptable aircraft, and possible outcomes of the certification exam. It provides details on the content and structure of the exam, which evaluates an applicant's knowledge, risk management, and skills in areas like preflight preparation, performance maneuvers, slow flight, stalls, and emergency procedures. The standards are intended to ensure applicants demonstrate the skills and competency expected of a private pilot operating safely under visual flight rules.

Uploaded by

Son Tinh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
218 views33 pages

p1 PPL Member Certification Standards

The document outlines the membership certification standards for obtaining a Private Pilot License for airplanes single engine land, including requirements for areas of operation, tasks, knowledge and risk elements, acceptable aircraft, and possible outcomes of the certification exam. It provides details on the content and structure of the exam, which evaluates an applicant's knowledge, risk management, and skills in areas like preflight preparation, performance maneuvers, slow flight, stalls, and emergency procedures. The standards are intended to ensure applicants demonstrate the skills and competency expected of a private pilot operating safely under visual flight rules.

Uploaded by

Son Tinh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Membership Certification Standards

P1 Private Pilot License (PPL) ASEL:


Using the Member Certification Standards (MCS)
The MCS consists of Areas of Operation arranged in a logical sequence,
beginning with Preflight Preparation and ending with Postflight Procedures. Each
Area of Operation includes Tasks appropriate to that Area of Operation. Each
Task begins with an Objective stating what the member should know, consider,
and/or do. The MCS then lists the aeronautical knowledge, risk management,
and skill elements relevant to the specific Task, along with the conditions and
standards for acceptable performance. The MCS uses Notes to emphasize
special considerations. The MCS uses the terms "will" and "must" to convey
directive (mandatory) information. The term “may” denotes items that are
recommended but not required. The coding of each Task’s elements indicates an
area that should be taught and examined or demonstrated. For example, in
Tasks such as “General limitations of VFR flight” (PPL.I.A.K1), the member
should be prepared for questions on weather minima and limitations for VFR
flight according to the local rules of the airspace in which the check ride is being
conducted in.

Each Task in the MCS is coded according to a scheme that includes four
elements. For example: ​PPL.I.A.K1

● PPL​ = Applicable MCS (Private Pilot License - ​Airplane Single Engine Land​)
● I ​= Area of Operation (Preflight Preparation)
● A​ = Task (Pilot Qualifications and Aircraft Airworthiness)
● K1​ = Task Element Knowledge (General limitations of VFR flight)

P1 MCS Version 1.1


Check Ride Examination Requirements
The examination must be flown entirely ​without the use​ of a flight director or
autopilot.

Pilot Rating Aircraft Requirements


Aircraft allowed to be used for this pilot rating must be:

● Fixed-wing
● Non-Complex (No retractable gear or controllable pitch propellers)
● Single engine ​and​ Piston driven
● Max Gross weight less than 5670kg (12,500lbs)

2
Control Pages

Pilot Training Department Standard Operating Procedures


Document Identification
Type Membership Certification Standards
Version 1.1
Issue Date 23/09/2020
Effective Date Immediately
This policy applies to the examination process and standards that
Scope
VATSIM members must meet to earn this Pilot Rating.
Prepared by Ethan Hawes
Approved by Pilot Training Department
Review date 23/09/2020
Identification P1 Private Pilot License Membership Certification Standards

3
Revision Records

Revision
Date Description of Change Author
Number
1.0 18/8/2020 Initial Release E. Hawes
1.1 23/9/2020 Added control sect. and fixed formatting issues E. Hawes

Related Documents

Document Name Document Identification


Evaluation Form Applicable Pilot Rating’s Examiner Evaluation Form
Authorized Training Organization Policies and Procedures
ATO Handbook
Handbook

4
Table Of Contents:
P1 Private Pilot License (PPL) ASEL: 1

Using the Member Certification Standards (MCS) 1

Check Ride Examination Requirements 2

Pilot Rating Aircraft Requirements 2

Control Pages 3

Pilot Training Department Standard Operating Procedures 3

Revision Records 4

Related Documents 4

Areas of Operation 7

Preflight Preparation 7

A. Pilot Qualifications and Aircraft Airworthiness 7

B. Weather Information 8

C. Cross Country Planning 9

D. Operation of Systems 10

E. Airspace, ATC, and Communications 11

Preflight Procedures 13

A. Engine Starting 13

B. Taxiing 13

Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds 15

A. Normal Takeoff and Climb 15

B. Normal Approach and Landing 17

C. Go-Around/Rejected Landing 19

5
D. Circuit/Traffic Pattern 20

Performance Maneuvers 21

A. Steep Turns 21

Navigation 23

A. Navigation Systems, & Radar Services 23

Slow Flight and Stalls 24

A. Slow Flight 24

B. Power-Off Stall 25

Postflight Procedures 27

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing. 27

Emergency Procedures 27

A. Loss of Communications 27

Testing Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes 29

Member Responsibilities 29

Instructor Responsibilities 29

Evaluator Responsibilities 29

ATC Requirements for Examinations 30

Possible Outcomes of the Examination 30

Satisfactory Performance 31

Unsatisfactory Performance 31

Discontinuance 32

Testing after Discontinuance or Unsatisfactory Performance 32

Practical Examination Checklist (Member) 33

6
Areas of Operation
I.Preflight Preparation
Task A. Pilot Qualifications and Aircraft Airworthiness

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
VFR flight as a pilot and aircraft airworthiness

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.I.A.K1 General limitations of VFR flight

PPL.I.A.K2 Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight

PPL.I.A.K2a a. Flying VFR with failed or inoperative equipment

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.I.A.R1 Flying unfamiliar airplanes, or operating with unfamiliar


flight display systems, and avionics

PPL.I.A.R2 Inoperative equipment was discovered before or during


flight.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.I.A.S1 Apply general requirements to operate under Visual Flight


Rules (VFR) in a scenario given by the evaluator using the
local rules of the check ride location.

Note: ​This skill may be examined during the written exam

7
Task B. Weather Information

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
weather information for a flight under VFR.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.I.B.K1 Local acceptable sources of weather data for flight planning


purposes.

PPL.I.B.K2 Weather products and resources required for preflight


planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en
route, and arrival phases of flight. (METAR and TAFF
reports)

PPL.I.B.K3 Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route,


alternate, and destination under VFR in Visual
Meteorological Conditions (VMC) to include expected
climate and hazardous conditions such as:

PPL.I.B.K3a a. Wind (e.g., crosswind, tailwind, wind shear, etc.)

PPL.I.B.K3b b. Thunderstorms and Microburst

PPL.I.B.K3c c. Moisture/precipitation

PPL.I.B.K3d d. Clouds

PPL.I.B.K3e e. Icing

PPL.I.B.K3f f. Fog

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.I.B.R1 Factors involved in making the go/no-go and continue/divert


decisions, to include:

PPL.I.B.R1a a. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent

PPL.I.B.R1b b. Hazardous weather conditions to include known or


forecast icing or turbulence aloft
Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

8
PPL.I.B.S1 Correlate given examination weather information to make a
competent go/no-go decision.

Task C. Cross Country Planning

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
cross-country flights and VFR flight planning.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.I.C.K1 VFR Route planning, including consideration of different


classes of airspace, applicable communication frequencies
(CTAF/ATC), and selection of sim appropriate visual
navigation aids (airports, cities, major roads, rail lines,
bodies of water, etc.).

PPL.I.C.K2 Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles,


proper VFR cruising altitudes, and the effect of upper-level
winds.

PPL.I.C.K3 Calculating:

PPL.I.C.K3a a. Estimated time of arrival to include conversion to


universal coordinated time (UTC)

PPL.I.C.K3b b. Fuel requirements, to include reserve fuel

PPL.I.C.K4 The elements of a VATSIM VFR flight plan and completing


one.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.I.C.R1 Pilot.

PPL.I.C.R2 Aircraft.

PPL.I.C.R3 Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain,


obstacles).

PPL.I.C.R4 Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.

9
PPL.I.C.R5 Improper Fuel Planning

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.I.C.S1 Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan


assigned by the ATO/evaluator including a go/no-go
analysis based on the given examination weather, to the
destination. The use of electronic planning material (instead
of hand calculated) is acceptable.

*Note*: ​It is highly recommended to use pre-planned


departure airport and en route weather configurations
(Wind/Visibility/Sky Conditions) in the interest of accurate
Cross country calculations and ideal VFR weather that is
not contingent on real-world weather for the check ride.

PPL.I.C.S3 Calculated total enroute time and time between VFR


checkpoints (if conventional visual checkpoints are used
instead of a GPS direct routing). Members may utilize
resources such as Sky Vector, built-in simulator program
flight planning, Fltplan.com, Simbrief, etc.

PPL.I.C.S4 Calculation of trip total fuel burn: Planning and preparation


must be completed entirely by the member without
assistance and by using routine planning material. The use
of electronic fuel planning is acceptable (e.g. electronic
flight planning sheet) but the member must be able to show
an understanding of the planning process and how any
computer-generated data was arrived at.

PPL.I.C.S5 Properly file a VATSIM VFR flight plan for flight

Task D. Operation of Systems

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with the
safe operation of systems on the airplane provided for the
flight test.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.I.D.K1 Airplane systems, to include:

10
PPL.I.D.K1a a. Primary flight controls

PPL.I.D.K1b b. Secondary flight controls (trim, flaps, etc.)

PPL.I.D.K1c c. Power Plant Basic Operation (combustion process,


etc)
PPL.I.D.K1d d. Basic Electrical Components (Battery, Alternator,
etc)
PPL.I.D.K1e e. Avionics/Flight Instruments

PPL.I.D.K1h f. Pitot-static system, vacuum system, and associated


flight instruments
Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess
and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.I.D.R1 Failure to detect system malfunctions or failures.

PPL.I.D.R2 Improper management of a system failure.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.I.D.S1 Explain or be tested on knowledge in written or oral


examination form of ​at least ​three of the systems listed in
K1a through K1h above.

Note: ​These items, at ATO discretion, may be considered


to be tested using the written portion of the examination for
the pilot rating.

Task E. Airspace, ATC, and Communications

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
normal radio communications and runway lighting systems
to conduct safe airport operations.

Note: ​ATC is not required to be online during the check


ride. If not online, the examiner shall simulate the role of
ATC if check ride is done in person. ​If the examination is

11
done via a non-live method, ATC items must be tested in a
written examination format.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.I.E.K1 Types of airspace/airspace classes and associated


requirements and limitations.

PPL.I.E.K2 How to obtain proper radio frequencies.

PPL.I.E.K3 Proper UNICOM and radio communication procedures and


VFR ATC phraseology.

PPL.I.E.K4 Appropriate use of transponders.

PPL.I.E.K5 ATC VFR Radar assistance. (Flight Following etc.)

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.I.E.R1 Poor communication or radio reception quality.

PPL.I.E.R2 Confirmation or expectation bias. (Expecting the normal)

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.I.E.S1 Correctly identify airspaces and operate in accordance with


associated communication and equipment requirements.

PPL.I.E.S2 Explain the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums


and flying in particular classes of airspace.

PPL.I.E.S3 Select the appropriate ATC position (if available).

PPL.I.E.S4 Transmit using proper phraseology and procedures.

PPL.I.E.S5 Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC


instructions.

12
I.Preflight Procedures
Task A. Engine Starting

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
recommended engine starting procedures.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

[Intentionally Left Blank]

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

[Intentionally Left Blank]

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.II.A.S1 Complete the appropriate checklist.

Task B. Taxiing

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
safe taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.II.B.K1 Sources of acceptable airport aeronautical references and


information resources including Chart Supplements, airport
diagram, and appropriate references.

PPL.II.B.K2 Taxi instructions/clearances.

PPL.II.B.K3 ATO’s region-specific airport markings, signs, and lights.

PPL.II.B.K4 Visual indicators for wind. (Windsock in the simulator)

PPL.II.B.K5 Aircraft lighting.

PPL.II.B.K6 Procedures for:

13
PPL.II.B.K6a a. Appropriate flight deck activities before taxi, including
route planning and identifying the location of hot spots or
possible confusion when taxing
PPL.II.B.K6b b. Radio communications at towered and non-towered
airports
PPL.II.B.K6c c. Entering or crossing runways

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.II.B.R1 Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi


instructions.

PPL.II.B.R2 A taxi route or departure runway change.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.II.B.S1 Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if


applicable.

PPL.II.B.S2 Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published,


and maintain situational awareness.

PPL.II.B.S3 Complete the appropriate checklist

PPL.II.B.S4 Maintain positive control of the airplane during ground


operations by controlling direction and speed without
excessive use of brakes.

PPL.II.B.S5 Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, and ATC


clearances and instructions.

PPL.II.B.S6 Position the airplane properly relative to runway hold lines.

14
II.Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
normal takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff
procedures.

Note:​ If a crosswind condition does not exist, the member’s


knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated
through oral testing.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.III.A.K1 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff


and climb performance.

PPL.III.A.K2 Understand the difference between VX and VY.

PPL.III.A.K3 Appropriate airplane configuration.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.II.A.R1 Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane


performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.

PPL.III.A.R2 Effects of:

PPL.III.A.R2a a. Crosswind

PPL.III.A.R2b b. Windshear

PPL.III.A.R2c c. Tailwind

PPL.III.A.R2d d. Wake turbulence

PPL.III.A.R2e e. Runway surface/condition

PPL.III.A.R3 Abnormal operations, to include planning for:

15
PPL.III.A.R3a a. Rejected takeoff

PPL.III.A.R3b b. Engine failure on takeoff /climb phase of flight

PPL.III.A.R4 Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.

PPL.III.A.R5 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.III.A.S1 Complete the appropriate checklist.

PPL.III.A.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.

PPL.III.A.S3 Verify the assigned/correct runway.

PPL.III.A.S4 Verify wind direction with or without visible wind direction


indicators.

PPL.III.A.S5 Position the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.

PPL.III.A.S6 Clear the area; taxi into takeoff position and align the
airplane on the runway.

PPL.III.A.S7 Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight


instrument indications before rotation.

PPL.III.A.S8 Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and


accelerate to VY.

PPL.III.A.S9 Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the manufacturer’s


recommended speed or VY, +10/-5 knots

PPL.III.A.S10 Maintain VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.

PPL.III.A.S11 Configure the airplane following manufacturer or


recommended guidance.

PPL.III.A.S12 Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction


throughout takeoff and climb.

16
Task B. Normal Approach and Landing

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
normal approach and landing with emphasis on proper use
and coordination of flight controls.

Note:​ If a crosswind condition does not exist, the member’s


knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated
through oral testing.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.III.B.K1 A stabilized approach, to include energy management


concepts.

PPL.III.B.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on


approach, and landing performance.

PPL.III.B.K3 Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.

PPL.III.B.K4 Ground effect

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.II.B.R1 Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane


performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.

PPL.III.B.R2 Effects of:

PPL.III.B.R2a a. Crosswind

PPL.III.B.R2b b. Windshear

PPL.III.B.R2c c. Tailwind

PPL.III.B.R2d d. Wake turbulence

PPL.III.B.R3 Planning for:

PPL.III.B.R3a a. Go around and rejected landing

17
PPL.III.B.R3b b. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)

PPL.III.B.R4 Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.

PPL.III.B.R5 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.III.B.S1 Complete the appropriate checklist.

PPL.III.B.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate.

PPL.III.B.S3 Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned


runway or landing surface

PPL.III.B.S4 Scan runway or landing surface and the adjoining area for
traffic and obstructions

PPL.III.B.S5 Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,


and select a suitable touchdown point.

PPL.III.B.S6 Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in


its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust
factor applied

PPL.III.B.S7 Maintain crosswind correction and directional control


throughout the approach and landing.

PPL.III.B.S8 Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, in the touchdown


zone or first half of the runway (whichever is less), with no
side drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned
with and over the runway center/landing path.

PPL.III.B.S9 Maintain directional control and apply brakes for safe rollout

PPL.III.B.S10 Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made


within the tolerances specified above or for any other
condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.

18
Task C. Go-Around/Rejected Landing

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
go-around/rejected landing with emphasis on factors that
contribute to landing conditions that may require a
go-around.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.III.C.K1 A stabilized approach, to include energy management


concepts.

PPL.III.C.K2 Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and


density altitude on a go-around or rejected landing.

PPL.III.C.K3 Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and


approach/landing.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.III.C.R1 Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected


landing.

PPL.III.C.R2 Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude.

PPL.III.C.R3 Improper application of power.

PPL.III.C.R4 Improper airplane configuration.

PPL.III.C.R5 Collision hazards, to include aircraft, vehicles, vessels,


persons, wildlife, terrain, obstacles, and wires.

PPL.III.C.R6 Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.

PPL.III.C.R7 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.III.C.S1 Complete the appropriate checklist.

PPL.III.C.S2 Make radio calls as appropriate to Unicom or ATC.

19
PPL.III.C.S3 Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach to
landing.

PPL.III.C.S4 Apply takeoff power immediately and transition to climb


pitch attitude for VX or VY as appropriate +10/-5 knots.

PPL.III.C.S5 Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has


been verified or following the airplane manufacturer’s
instructions.

PPL.III.C.S6 Maneuver to the side of the runway/landing area when


necessary to clear and avoid conflicting traffic if necessary.

PPL.III.C.S7 Maintain VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.

PPL.III.C.S8 Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction


throughout the climb.

Task D. Circuit/Traffic Pattern

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
circuits/traffic patterns.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.III.D.K1 Towered and non-towered airport operations.

PPL.III.D.K1 Runway selection for the current conditions.

PPL.III.D.K2 Right-of-way rules.

PPL.III.D.K3 Use of automated weather and airport information.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.III.D.R1 Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and


wires.

PPL.III.D.R2 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

20
PPL.III.D.R3 Wake turbulence and/or wind shear.

Skills The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.III.D.S1 Properly identify and interpret airport runways, taxiways,


markings, signs, and lighting.

PPL.III.D.S2 Comply with recommended traffic pattern procedures.

PPL.III.D.S3 Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.

PPL.III.D.S4 Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use.

PPL.III.D.S5 Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the


appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.

PPL.III.D.S6 Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from


other aircraft in the traffic pattern.

III.Performance Maneuvers
Task A. Steep Turns

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
steep turns.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.IV.A.K1 Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, to include:

PPL.IV.A.K1a a. Coordinated and uncoordinated flight

PPL.IV.A.K1b b. Overbanking tendencies

PPL.IV.A.K1c c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight


changes
PPL.IV.A.K1d d. Load factor and accelerated stalls

PPL.IV.A.K1e e. Rate and radius of turn

21
Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess
and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.IV.A.R1 Failure to divide attention between airplane control and


orientation.

PPL.IV.A.R2 Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and


wires.

PPL.IV.A.R3 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

PPL.IV.A.R4 Failure to maintain coordinated flight.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.IV.A.S1 Clear the area.

PPL.IV.A.S2 Establish the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed; or if


one is not available, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.

PPL.IV.A.S3 Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a


45° bank.

PPL.IV.A.S4 Perform the Task opposite direction upon competition of the


first. (Two turns)

PPL.IV.A.S5 Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots,
bank ±10°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.

22
IV.Navigation
Task A. Navigation Systems, & Radar Services

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
navigation systems and radar services.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.V.A.K1 Ground-based navigation (orientation, course


determination, equipment, etc.)

PPL.V.A.K2 Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment and database


considerations)

PPL.V.A.K3 Radar assistance to VFR aircraft (e.g., operations,


equipment, available services, traffic advisories).

PPL.V.A.K4 Transponder (Mode(s) STBY and C/ALT)

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.V.A.R1 Failure to manage automated navigation and auto flight


systems

PPL.V.A.R2 Limitation or loss of a navigation signal in use

PPL.V.A.R3 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.V.A.S1 Use an airborne electronic navigation system. (If GPS


installed on aircraft being used for examination)

PPL.V.A.S2 Determine the airplane’s position using a navigation system


using GPS or Nav Aid(s).

PPL.V.A.S3 Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing, as


assigned by the examiner.

23
PPL.V.A.S4 Recognize and describe the indication of station or
waypoint passage, if appropriate.

PPL.V.A.S5 Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing, as


appropriate.

PPL.V.A.S6 Recognize signal loss or interference and take appropriate


action, if applicable.

PPL.V.A.S7 Maintain the appropriate altitude of ±300 feet and heading


±20° while tracking.

V.Slow Flight and Stalls


Task A. Slow Flight

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
dead reckoning, navigation systems, and radar services.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.VI.A.K1 Aerodynamics associated with slow flight in various airplane


configurations, including the relationship between angle of
attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight
and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.VI.A.R1 Inadvertent slow flight and flight with a stall warning, which
could lead to loss of control.

PPL.VI.A.R2 Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g.,


airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).

PPL.VI.A.R3 Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance


(e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).

PPL.VI.A.R4 Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and


wires.

24
PPL.VI.A.R5 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper
task management.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

[Intentionally Left Blank]

Task B. Power-Off Stall

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
power-off stalls.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.VI.B.K1 Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane


configurations, including the relationship between angle of
attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight
and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects. The
student doesn’t necessarily learn how to enter a stall, but
more importantly how to recognize and recover from one.

PPL.VI.B.K2 Stall characteristics (i.e., airplane design) and impending


stall and full stall indications (i.e., how to recognize by sight,
sound, or feel).

PPL.VI.B.K3 Factors and situations that can lead to a power-off stall and
actions that can be taken to prevent it.

PPL.VI.B.K4 Fundamentals of stall recovery.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.VI.B.R1 Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent


power-off stall, spin, and loss of control.

PPL.VI.B.R2 Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g.,


airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).

PPL.VI.B.R3 Failure to recognize and recover at the stall warning during


normal operations

25
PPL.VI.B.R4 The improper stall recovery procedure

PPL.VI.B.R5 Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, and cross-control


stalls.

PPL.VI.B.R6 Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance


related to power-off stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts,
and high-density altitude).

PPL.VI.B.R7 Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and


wires.

PPL.VI.B.R8 Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper


task management.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.VI.B.S1 Clear the area.

PPL.VI.B.S2 Select an entry altitude that will allow the Task to be


completed no lower than 3000ft AGL.

PPL.VI.B.S3 Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further


increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or
reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g.,
airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).

PPL.VI.B.S4 Configure the airplane in the approach or landing


configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain
coordinated flight throughout the maneuver

PPL.VI.B.S5 Establish a stabilized descent.

PPL.VI.B.S6 Transition smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to


a pitch attitude that will induce a stall.

PPL.VI.B.S7 Maintain a specified stall maneuver heading ±20°

PPL.VI.B.S8 Execute a stall recovery in the order of breaking the critical


angle of attack, regain positive control, then clean up the
airplane.

PPL.VI.B.S9 Configure the airplane as recommended by the


manufacturer, and accelerate to VY.

26
PPL.VI.B.S10 Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by
the examiner.

VI.Postflight Procedures
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing.

Objective To determine that the member exhibits satisfactory


knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
after landing, parking, and securing procedures

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

PPL.VII.A.K1 Airplane shutdown and securing.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.VII.A.R1 Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi


instructions.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

PPL.VII.A.S1 Demonstrate runway incursion avoidance procedures.

PPL.VII.A.S2 Park in an appropriate area.

PPL.VII.A.S3 Complete the appropriate shutdown and securing checklist.

VII.Emergency Procedures
Task A. Loss of Communications

Objective To determine the member exhibits satisfactory knowledge,


risk management, and skills associated with loss of
communications while operating solely by reference to
instruments.

Knowledge The member demonstrates an understanding of:

27
PPL.VIII.A.K1 Procedures to follow in the event of lost communication on
the VATSIM network during various phases of flight,
including techniques for reestablishing communications
(climbing, trying a new controller/frequency, etc.)

PPL.VIII.A.K2 When it is acceptable to deviate from an IFR clearance due


to radio failure or loss of communications.

Risk Management The member demonstrates the ability to identify, assess


and mitigate risks, encompassing:

PPL.VIII.A.R1 Possible reasons for loss of communication.

Skill The member demonstrates the ability to:

[Intentionally Left Blank]

28
Testing Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes
Member Responsibilities
The member is responsible for mastering the established standards for
knowledge, skill, and risk management elements in all Tasks appropriate to the
certificate and rating sought. The member should use this MCS, its references,
and the Practical Examination Checklist in this Appendix in preparation to take
the practical examination.

Instructor Responsibilities
The instructor is responsible for training the member to meet the established
standards for knowledge, skill, and risk management elements in all Tasks
appropriate to the certificate and rating sought. The instructor should use this
MCS and its references as part of preparing the member to take the practical
examination and, if necessary, in retraining the member to proficiency in all
subject(s) missed on the knowledge examination.

Evaluator Responsibilities
The evaluator who conducts the practical examination is responsible for
determining that the member meets the established standards of aeronautical
knowledge, skills (flight proficiency), and risk management for the Tasks in the
appropriate MCS. This responsibility also includes verifying the experience
requirements specified for a certificate or rating by having the prerequisite pilot
rating.

The ATO must develop at a minimum one Plan of Action (POA), written in
English, to conduct the practical examination, and it must include all of the
required Areas of Operation and Tasks. The POA must include a scenario that
evaluates as many of the required Areas of Operation and Tasks as possible.
The evaluator has the discretion to modify the POA to accommodate unexpected
situations as they arise. For example, the evaluator may elect to suspend and
later resume a scenario to assess certain Tasks.

In the integrated MCS framework, the Areas of Operation contain Tasks that
include “knowledge” elements (such as K1), “risk management” elements (such
as R1), and “skill” elements (such as S1). Knowledge and risk management
elements are primarily evaluated during the written examination phase of the
member certification process. The evaluator must assess the member on all skill
elements for each Task included in each Area of Operation of the MCS unless

29
otherwise noted or an approved waiver is issued. The evaluator administering the
practical examination has the discretion to combine Tasks/elements as
appropriate to testing scenarios.

The required minimum elements to include in the POA, unless otherwise noted,
from each applicable Task, are as follows:

● at least one knowledge element (if specified in the task);


● all skill elements; and
● any Task elements in which the member was shown to be deficient on the
knowledge examination.

Unless otherwise noted in the Task, the evaluator must test each item in the
skills section by asking the member to perform each one. No help coaching or
instruction should be provided to the member during the examination as its
primary purpose is to test their flying skills alone.

ATC Requirements for Examinations


ATC instructions and communications may be conducted either using a live
network controller OR the examiner may act in place of ATC if not online or a live
controller is desired not to be used​.​ ATOs are asked to provide examiners with
an ATC script to accompany the check ride’s plan of action that uses proper ATC
phraseology for the airspace the check ride is being conducted in. ATC
transcripted instructions MAY be provided if the examination is not done in a live
capacity.

Possible Outcomes of the Examination


There are three possible outcomes of the practical examination: (1) Pass
(satisfactory), (2) Fail (unsatisfactory), or (3) Discontinuance.

If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome is


uncertain, the evaluator must require the member to repeat that Task, or portions
of that Task. This provision does not mean that instruction, practice, or the
repetition of an unsatisfactory Task is permitted during the practical examination.

If the evaluator determines the member’s skills and abilities are in doubt, the
outcome of the examination is considered unsatisfactory.

30
Satisfactory Performance

Satisfactory performance requires that the member:

● demonstrate the Tasks specified in the Areas of Operation for the


certificate or rating sought within the established standards;
● demonstrate mastery of the aircraft by performing each Task successfully;
● demonstrate proficiency and competency following the approved
standards;
● demonstrate sound judgment and exercise aeronautical
decision-making/risk management; and
● demonstrate single-pilot competence and management in an airplane that
is certificated for single-pilot operations.

The satisfactory performance will result in the issuance of the proper pilot rating.

Unsatisfactory Performance

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification


include:

● Any action or lack of action by the member that requires corrective


intervention by the evaluator to maintain safe flight.
● Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the
area before and while performing maneuvers.
● Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the skill elements of the Task.
● Failure to take prompt and reasonable corrective action when tolerances
are exceeded.
● Failure to exercise risk management.

Note:​ Examiners are encouraged to provide members with a few opportunities to


reattempt Tasks found to be unsatisfactory. No more than three total attempts to
demonstrate proficiency in any Task during the check ride may be given.

If in the judgment of the evaluator, the member does not meet the standards for
any Task, the member fails the Task. The examination is unsatisfactory, and the
evaluator issues the check ride unsatisfactory. The evaluator lists the Task(s) in
which the member did not meet the standard, any Task(s) not tested. The
evaluator will complete this report using the applicable PTD approved pilot rating
examination form for that specific pilot rating.

The evaluator may choose to end a practical evaluation early if they feel the

31
member is not at all prepared or whose skills are not at the standards to pass the
exam. However, it is encouraged that examiners allow the check ride to continue
with the interest of examining as many tasks as possible. If an examiner
determines a check ride unsatisfactory, examiners should not express this result
until the debrief portion of the check ride.

Discontinuance

When it is necessary to discontinue a practical examination for reasons other


than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., computer failure, software issues,
real-world conflicts, etc.), the evaluator must return all examination evaluation
paperwork to the member. The evaluator must initial/sign, date, and issue a
Discontinuance that lists those Task and or Areas of Operation the member
completed. The evaluator should advise the member to present the
Discontinuance to the next evaluator when the practical examination resumes
receiving credit for the items completed. The Discontinuance should also be filed
into the member's examination records file. The member has 14 calendar days to
finish the remainder of the discontinued examination with an approved examiner.
If the discontinued exam is not completed in this time window, the examination
must be completely redone.

Testing after Discontinuance or Unsatisfactory Performance


To avoid having to retake the entire practical examination, a member has 90
days from the date of a first failure or Discontinuance to pass the practical
examination. The evaluator’s plan of action to complete the examination must
include any unsatisfactory or untested Area(s) of Operation and Task(s) as
indicated on the current Unsatisfactory or Letter of Discontinuance. While a
member may receive credit for any Task(s) completed within a failed or partially
tested Area of Operation, the evaluator has the discretion to reevaluate any
Task(s).

32
Practical Examination Checklist (Member)
Appointment with Evaluator

Evaluator’s Name:____________________________________________

Location:___________________________________________________
Date/Time: __________________________________________________

Acceptable Aircraft

● Approved ATO course syllabus practical examination aircraft

Personal Equipment

● ATO required test monitoring software installed


● Completed required Flight Planning/Flight Log (printed or electronic)
● Stable and working simulator settings to conduct practical examination in
● Approved stable and working simulator aircraft to conduct the practical
examination in
● Approved flight planning for assigned cross country and given weather
conditions by the examiner or examining authority
● ATO Approved aeronautical charts to be used to complete the check ride

Personal Records

● Successfully Completed Written Knowledge Examination

33

You might also like