1. What is DHCP & how it works?

A. DHCP is dynamic host control protocol. It is used for automatically ip assign in computer
on a network

Active Directory Questions and Answers:

1 :: Explain Active Directory?

"Active Directory is the directory service used in Windows 2000 Server and is the foundation of Windows 2000
distributed networks."

The core of Active Directory is a combination of an LDAP server and MIT Kerberos 5 KDC running on a Windows
2000 server acting as a domain controller that work as a unit to provide authentication ("Who are you?") and
authorization ("What are you allowed to do?") information within a group of interlinked systems.

Above and beyond that, the LDAP "face" of this structure behaves as an enterprise-wide distributed database
that not only contains Windows-specific information but can be extended to incorporate user-defined data as
well.

The AD is held together by DNS, which is used not only to locate specific machines within the AD but also to
locate which functions of the AD are running on which domain controllers.

2 :: What is Forest?
The term "forest" is used to describe a collection of AD domains that share a single schema for the AD. All DC's
in the forest share this schema and it is replicated in a hierarchical fashion among them. The preferred model
for Windows 2000 AD is to have an organization use a single forest that spans an entire enterprise.

While not an administrative block by themselves, forests are a major boundary in that only limited
communication is available between forests. For example, it is difficult for a user in one forest to access a
resource in another forest.

It is very difficult to integrate forests at this time because of potential problems reconciling schema differences
between two forests.

3 :: What is Domains in Active Directory?

In Windows 2000, a domain defines both an administrative boundary and a security boundary for a collection of
objects that are relevant to a specific group of users on a network. A domain is an administrative boundary
because administrative privileges do not extend to other domains. It is a security boundary because each
domain has a security policy that extends to all security accounts within the domain. Active Directory stores
information about objects in one or more domains.

Domains can be organized into parent-child relationships to form a hierarchy. A parent domain is the domain
directly superior in the hierarchy to one or more subordinate, or child, domains. A child domain also can be the
parent of one or more child domains, as shown below.

4 :: What is Organizational Units?

OU's have many of the attributes of an NT 4 domain. However, instead of requiring server resources to create
and support, they are a logical construct within the Active Directory so an OU does not have to support and
maintain a domain controller.

OU's are created by an administrator of an AD domain and can be freely named (and renamed). The OU can then
be populated objects of many types including computers, groups, printers, users and other sub-OU's.

The real power of an OU is that once it is established, the administrator of its "parent" can delegate
administrative authority -- in total or in part -- to any user or group that is in the AD.

When this happens, the designated user/group gains complete administrative authority over all objects in their
OU and thus has all of the rights and abilities that a Windows NT domain administrator would have as well as
some new ones such as the ability to further segment their OU into sub-OU's and delegate authority over those
sub-elements as they see fit.

5 :: What is the Group Policy?

Group Policy is one of the most exciting -- and potentially complex -- mechanisms that the Active Directory
enables. Group policy allows a bundle of system and user settings (called a "Group Policy Object" or GPO) to
be created by an administrator of a domain or OU and have it automatically pushed down to designated
systems.

Group Policy can control everything from user interface settings such as screen background images to deep
control settings in the client such as its TCP/IP configuration and authentication settings. There are currently
over 500 controllable settings. Microsoft has provided some templates as well to provide a starting point for
creating policy objects.

A significant advantage of group policy over the old NT-style policies is that the changes they make are
reversed when the policy no longer applies to a system. In NT 4, once a policy was applied to a system,
removing that policy did not by itself roll back the settings that it imposed on the client. With Windows 2000,
when a specified policy no longer applies to a system it will revert to its previous state without administrative
interference.

Multiple policies from different sources can be applied to the same object. For example, a domain might have
one or more domain-wide policies that apply to all systems in the domain. Below that, systems in an OU can
also have policy objects applied to it, and the OU can even be further divided into sub-OU's with their own
policies.

This can create a very complex web of settings so administrators must be very careful when creating these
multiple layers of policy to make sure the end result -- which is the union of all of the applicable policies with
the "closest" policy taking priority in most cases -- is correct for that system. In addition, because Group policy
is checked and applied during the system boot process for machine settings and again during logon for user
settings, it is recommended that GPO's be applied to a computer from no more than five "layers" in the AD to
keep reboot and/or login times from becoming unacceptably long.
1 :: What is the Difference between Windows 2003 standard Enterprise, Premium, Data center and
Web Edition?
WEB EDITION:

To position windows server 2003 more competitively against other web servers, Microsoft has released a
stripped-down-yet-impressive edition of windows server 2003 designed specially for web services. the feature set and
licensing allows customers easy deployment of web pages, web sites, web applications and web services.
Web Edition supports 2GB of RAM and a two-way symmetric multiprocessor(SMP). It provides unlimited anonymous
web connections but only 10 inbound server message block(SMB) connections, which should be more than enough for
content
publishing. The server cannot be an internet gateway, DHCP or fax server. Although you can remotely administer the
server with Remote Desktop, the server can not be a terminal
server in the traditional sense. The server can belong to a domain, but cannot be a domain controller. The included
version of the microsoft SQL server database Engine can support as many as 25 concurrent connections.

2 :: How do you recover an object in Active Directory, which is accidentally deleted by you, with no
backup?
Using ntdsutil.exe command,we can restored the AD objects.

3 :: What is the Logical / Physical Structures of the AD Environment?

physical structure:
Forest, Site, Domain, DC

logical structure:
Schema partition, configuration partition, domain
partition and application partition

4 :: How to change the windows xp product key if wrongly installed with other product key but you
have original
product key? What you will do to Make your os as Genuine?
Some third party software are available for this function or reinstall this system

5 :: If 512mb Ram is there what will be the minimum and maximum Virtual memory for the system?
To workout the total virtual memory (page file) required for windows XP you should take the amount of ram in the system
and + 25% (512MB + 25% (128MB) = 640MB total virtual memory. by setting both the min and max to 640MB you can
increase the performances of the operating system.

11 :: How will you verify whether the AD installation is proper ?

1. Verify SRV Resource Records

After AD is installed, the DC will register SRV records in DNS when it restarts. We can
check this using DNS MMC or nslookup command.
Using MMC
If the SRV records are registered, the following folders will be there in the domain
folder in Forward Lookup Zone.

• msdes
• sites
• tcp
• adp
Using nslookup
>nslookup
>ls –t SRV Domain
If the SRV records are properly created, they will be listed.

2. Verifying SYSVOL
If SYSVOL folder is not properly created data stores in SYSVOL such are scripts, GPO,
etc will not be replicated between DCs.
First verify the following folder structure is created in SYSVOL
Domain
Staging
Staging areas
Sysvol
Then verify necessary shares are created.
>net share
It should show two shares, NETLOGON and SYSVOL

3. Veri