Scribd
Upload
424 views3 pages

2 πN 60 = 2 π (1200 rev) 60 = 40 π 18 μ

1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

Uploaded by

NUR ASYIQIN BINTI AZAHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
424 views3 pages

2 πN 60 = 2 π (1200 rev) 60 = 40 π 18 μ

1. Centrifugation is more expensive than filtration but offers faster separation and higher efficiency. Key factors that influence its use are the nature of the material being separated, available separation techniques like speed and rotor design, and its function of separating materials based on density, size, and viscosity. 2. Centrifugal filtration can separate solids from liquids at the nano-particle level while centrifugal decantation separates immiscible liquids with small density differences. Advantages of decantation include reduced waste, a compact design for easy sealing, and use at high and low temperatures. 3. Given specifications of a tubular centrifuge, calculations show: a) the residence time for a biomass separation

Uploaded by

NUR ASYIQIN BINTI AZAHAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ASSIGNMENTS 2 SEPARATION 2

1. Centrifuge may expensive compared to filtration method. Explain the factors influencing
the usage of centrifuge.
 Nature of operation
The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a centrifuge tube. The
tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed. For example, in liquid-
solid centrifugation, the heavier solids to the bottom creating a firm cake. The
lighter mixture that stays above the cake is then decanted.
 Separation techniques
There are 3 techniques of centrifugation includes micro-centrifugation, high speed
centrifuges and ultra-centrifugation.
 Function
Centrifugation is process that is used for separation of liquid, gas, or fluid according
to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.
 Efficiency
Centrifugation is faster than another conventional type of separation. Rotation of
the rotor about a central axis generates a centrifugal force upon the particles in the
suspension. This will also increase the separation factor.

2. Differentiate the advantages of centrifugal filtration and centrifugal decantation.

Centrifugal filtration Centrifugal decantation


Can separate solid from liquid in place of Can separate mixture of immiscible liquid
pressure, sometimes to even nano-particle that has small density difference
level
Reduced waste
Faster process
Variation of speed of rotation can control Compact structure for easy seal, and can be
the cake thickness used in high or low temperature.
Pre coat of filter air could use to accelerate Can also separate insoluble solid from
the filtration rate liquid

3. The centrifugal separation of a biomass of 80 μm sized cells of density 1.04 kg m-3 was
carried out in tubular centrifuge having a diameter of 15 cm and rotating at 1200 rev/min.

i. Calculate the residence time if the distance between the liquid surface and the
axis of rotation was 0.8 cm, the liquid density and the liquid viscosity were 1.0 kg
m-3 and 0.013 g cm-1s-1 respectively.

1200 rev
2π( )
2 πN min
ω= = =40 π
60 60

18 μ
t T=
ω2 ¿ ¿
g
18 (0.013 )
cm . s
¿
( 40 π )2 ( 0.04 ) g /c m 3 ¿ ¿

¿ 10.36 s

ii. What would be the volumetric capacity of the centrifuge if its length was 40 cm

ω 2 (ρs− ρ)d 2
Q= [πl ( ro 2−r 12 ) ]
r0
18 μ ln ⁡( )
r1

g
( 40 π )2( 0.04 3
)(0.008 cm)2
cm
¿ [π ( 40 cm ) ( 7.52−0.8 2) cm2 ]
g 7.5
(
18 0.013
cm . s )
ln ⁡(
0.8
)

¿ 539.43 cm3 /s

iii. Calculate the Σ factor

Q=v g Σ

2 πl r 2 ω2
¿vg
g

2 π ( 40 cm) ( 7.5 cm )2 (40 ω)2


Σ=
980.665 cm/s 2

¿ 227646.74 cm 2

¿ 22.76 m 2

iv. What will be the time required for centrifuging 1000 litres of broth

V
t T=
Q

(1 ×106 cm3)
¿
539.43cm3 / s
¿ 1853.81 s
¿ 30.9 minutes

You might also like