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Ethernet: Computer Networking Technology

Ethernet is a local area network technology that allows multiple computers to connect and share data. It uses cables to connect computers to hubs or switches to form the network. There are different types of Ethernet cables that support various transmission speeds up to 1000 megabits per second. Ethernet uses a protocol called CSMA/CD to manage collisions when multiple computers send data simultaneously. It has been widely adopted as the standard local network technology since the 1990s.

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70 views9 pages

Ethernet: Computer Networking Technology

Ethernet is a local area network technology that allows multiple computers to connect and share data. It uses cables to connect computers to hubs or switches to form the network. There are different types of Ethernet cables that support various transmission speeds up to 1000 megabits per second. Ethernet uses a protocol called CSMA/CD to manage collisions when multiple computers send data simultaneously. It has been widely adopted as the standard local network technology since the 1990s.

Uploaded by

Obidiran Kehinde
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Ethernet

computer networking technology

How a local area network using Ethernet might be


connected
RJ45 Ethernet connector

Ethernet is a way of connecting


computers together in a local area network
or LAN. It has been the most widely used
method of linking computers together in
LANs since the 1990s. The basic idea of
its design is that multiple computers have
access to it and can send data at any time.
This is comparatively easy to engineer.
If two computers send data at the same
time, a collision will occur. When this
happens, the data sent is not usable. In
general, both computers will stop sending,
and wait a random amount of time, before
they try again. A special protocol was
developed to deal with such problems. It is
called Carrier sense multiple access with
collision detection or CSMA/CD.

Different cable types


There are different Ethernet standards.
Today, Ethernet cables look like thick
telephone cables. They connect to boxes
called hubs or switches. Each cable runs
from a computer's network interface card
(NIC) to such a box. This cable is called
10BaseT or 100BaseT, or 1000BaseT
Cable.

All cable types:

10Base2 and 10Base5: These coaxial


cables are like those used in television,
but thinner. They are also called
"thinnet" or "coax". Each computer has a
"T" plugged into it, and cables plug into
each side of the "T". Sometimes, instead
of a "T", a vampire tap is used. It
supports 10MBits per second transfer
speed. It was the first to be adopted,
and became rare during the 21st
century.
10BaseT: Cables look like thick phone
cables, but with 8 copper wires instead
of 2 or 4, and they go from each
computer' to a Hub or a Switch.
Supported speed is 10 MBit/second.
10BaseF: Same as 10BaseT, but cables
transmit light pulses, instead of
electrical signals.
100BaseT: Cables look the same as
10BaseT, but can run at up to 100 MBits
per second
1000BaseT: Cables look the same as
10BaseT, but can run at up to 1GBit
(1000MBit) per second.

Today, the cables for 10BaseT, 100BaseT,


and 1000BaseT are the same. Their
transmission medium is unshielded
twisted pair for Category 5 (UTP-Cat5) or
5e. Shielded cable (STP-Cat5 or Cat5e)
can be used when there is a lot of
electrical noise, and Category 6 (UTP-Cat6
or STP-Cat6) works better with faster
signals such as 1GBit or 10GBit.

Different devices
Other devices, such as video game
consoles, can also be connected using the
same kind of cabling. Certain computer
peripherals, for example printers and
certain hard disks can be directly
connected to the network with such
cables.

Different speeds
Ethernet can go at different speeds. In the
beginning, Ethernet was at 10 MBits per
second. The Ethernet most often used
today is at 100 MBits per second. Most
new computers now have the NIC built in,
and can go at 1GBit per second. There are
also standards for 1GBit per second and
10 GBit per second. 100 MBit can usually
talk to 10 MBit, and 1 GBit can talk to 100
MBit and usually to 10 MBit (both full and
half duplex).

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