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C53000-G1176-C155-1
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Book-No. C53000-G1176-C155-1
Preface
Purpose of This This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and placing into service
Manual of the device. In particular, one will find:
• General information regarding operation of SIPROTEC® 4 devices → Chapter 4.
• Information regarding customizing of the device → Chapter 5.
• Descriptions of device functions and settings → Chapter 6.
• Instructions for operation while in service → Chapter 7.
• Instructions for mounting and commissioning → Chapter 8.
• Compilation of technical specifications → Chapter 10.
• As well as a compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the
Appendix.
Target Audience Protection engineers, commissioning engineers, personnel concerned with adjust-
ment, checking, and service of selective protective equipment, automatic and control
facilities, and personnel of electrical facilities and power plants.
Applicability of This manual is valid for SIPROTEC® 4 7SA522 Distance Protection;
This Manual firmware version 4.2.
Indication of Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities
on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC Council Directive 89/336/EEC) and concerning electrical equip-
ment for use within certain voltage limits (Low-voltage Directive 73/23/EEC).
This conformity is proved by tests conducted by Siemens AG in accordance with Ar-
ticle 10 of the Council Directive in agreement with the generic standards EN 50081
and EN 50082 for EMC directive, and with the standards EN 60255–6 for the low-volt-
age directive.
The product conforms with international standards of series IEC 60255 and the Ger-
man standard DIN 57435 /Part 303 (corresponds to VDE 0435/Part 303).
ANSI This product has been designed according to ANSI C37.90.* standards.
7SA522 Manual iii
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Preface
This product is UL–certified with the data as stated in Section 10.1:
IND. CONT. EQ. IND. CONT. EQ.
TYPE 1 TYPE 1
69CA 69CA
Additional Support For questions regarding SIPROTEC® 4 devices, please contact your Siemens repre-
sentative.
Training Courses Individual course offerings may be found in our Training Catalog, or questions can be
directed to our training center. Please contact your Siemens representative.
Instructions and The following indicators and standard definitions are used:
Warnings
DANGER
means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will oc-
cur if safety precautions are disregarded.
WARNING
means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage could
occur if safety precautions are disregarded.
Caution
means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions
are disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting da-
mage of the protected equipment.
Instruction
is an important piece of information regarding the product or the part of the manual
that deserves special attention.
Warning!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high
voltage. Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from im-
proper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equip-
ment. These personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures de-
scribed in this manual, as well as with safety regulations.
Prerequisites to proper and safe operation of this product are proper transport, proper
storage, setup, installation, operation, and maintenance of the product, as well as
careful operation and servicing of the device within the scope of the warnings and in-
structions of this manual.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage
equipment (e.g. ANSI, IEC, EN, or other national or international regulations) must be
observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment dam-
age.
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
iv 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Preface
Within the meaning of safety precautions of this manual and the instructions, qualified
personnel are those persons who are qualified to set up, install, place into service, and
operate this device, and who possess the following qualifications:
q Training and instruction (or other qualification) for switching, grounding, and desig-
nating devices and systems.
q Training or instruction in accordance with safety standards for care and use of cer-
tain safety equipment.
q First aid training.
Typographic and The following text formats are used to identify concepts giving device information de-
Graphical Conven- scribed by the text flow:
tions
3DUDPHWHUQDPHV, or identifiers for configuration or function parameters that appear
in the device display or on the screen of a PC (with DIGSI® 4) are shown in mono-
script (same point size) bold text. This also applies to header bars for selection menus.
3DUDPHWHUFRQGLWLRQV, or possible settings of parameters that appear in the de-
vice display or on the screen of a PC (with DIGSI® 4), are additionally shown in italic
style. This also applies to selection items for selection menus.
“$QQXQFLDWLRQV”, or identifiers for information produced by the device or required
by other devices or from the switch-gear is shown in mono-script (same point size) and
placed into quotation marks.
For diagrams in which the identifier type results from the representation itself, text con-
ventions may differ from the above-mentioned.
The following symbols are used in diagrams:
GND Fault device-internal (logical) input signal
GND Fault device-internal (logical) output signal
UL1–L2 internal input signal of an analog quantity
F#
>Release
external binary input signal with function number F# (binary input,
respective annunciation to the device)
F#
external binary output signal with function number F# (annunciation
Dev. Trip
from device)
Parameter address
3DUDPHWHUQDPH
)81&7,21 example of a parameter switch )81&7,21 with address and
2Q possible conditions 2Q and 2II
2II
Parameter Conditions
Furthermore, the graphic symbols according IEC 617–12 IEC 617–13 or similar are
used in most cases.
7SA522 Manual v
C53000-G1176-C155
Preface
=1
Exclusive OR (Non-equivalence): output active, if
only one of the inputs is active
=
Coincidence: output active, if both inputs
are active in the same direction
≥1 Dynamic input signals
Creation of an analog output signal
out of several analog input signals
,SK!!
Monitoring stage with
Iph> parameter address and parameter name
7,SK!!
T 0 Timing element (pickup delay) with
parameter address and parameter name
0 T
Timing element (resetting time delay)
Transition-operated timing element
T
with action time T
S Q Static memory (RS–flipflop) with Set
R Q
Input (S), Reset Input (R), Output (Q)
and Negated Output (Q)
vi 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Preface
Analog input value
≥1
OR–Logic of input value
& AND–Logic of input value
Inversion of Signal
Liability Statement Copyright
We have checked the text of this manual against the Copyright © Siemens AG 2000. All rights reserved.
hardware and software described. Exclusions and devi- Dissemination or reproduction of this document, or evaluation and com-
ations cannot be ruled out; we accept no liability for lack munication of its contents, is not authorized except where expressly per-
of total agreement. mitted. Violations are liable for damages. All rights reserved, particularly
The information in this manual is checked periodically, for the purposes of patent application or trademark registration.
and necessary corrections will be included in future edi-
tions. We appreciate any suggested improvements. Registered trademarks
SIPROTEC®, SIMATIC®, SIMATIC NET ®, SINAUT ®, and SICAM®,
We reserve the right to make technical improvements and DIGSI® 4 are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. Other desig-
without notice. Release 4.20.03 nations in this manual may be trademarks that if used by third parties for
their own purposes may violate the rights of the owner. n
7SA522 Manual vii
C53000-G1176-C155
Preface
viii 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Overall Operation ................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2 Applications ......................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.3 Features .............................................................................................................................. 1-8
1.4 Scope of Functions.............................................................................................................. 1-9
2 Hardware and Connections ............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Flush Mounting (Cubicle Mounting) ...................................... 2-2
2.1.1 Housing ............................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.2 Screw terminal connections................................................................................................. 2-6
2.1.3 Connections to Plug-In Terminals ..................................................................................... 2-10
2.1.4 Connections to Optical Communication Interfaces............................................................ 2-13
2.1.5 Connections to Electrical Communication Interfaces ........................................................ 2-15
2.2 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Surface Mounting ................................................................ 2-16
2.2.1 Housing ............................................................................................................................. 2-16
2.2.2 Screw terminal connections............................................................................................... 2-19
2.2.3 Connections to Optical Communication Interfaces............................................................ 2-19
2.2.4 Connections to Electrical Communication Interfaces ........................................................ 2-23
3 Initial Inspections ............................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Unpacking and Re-packing ................................................................................................. 3-2
3.2 Inspections upon Receipt .................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.1 Inspection of Features and Ratings..................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.2 Electrical Check................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3 User Interface ...................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.1 Operation Using the Operator Control Panel....................................................................... 3-4
3.3.2 Operation Using DIGSI® 4................................................................................................... 3-6
3.4 Storage .............................................................................................................................. 3-11
7SA522 Manual ix
C53000-G1176-C155-1
4 SIPROTEC® 4 Devices ...................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.1 Protection and Control ......................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.2 Communication.................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.3 Settings................................................................................................................................ 4-4
4.1.4 Operations ........................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.1.5 Oscillographic Fault Records............................................................................................... 4-4
4.2 Operator Control Facilities ................................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.1 Operator Control Panel On Device ...................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.2 DIGSI® 4 Tool...................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.3 Information Retrieval............................................................................................................ 4-8
4.3.1 Annunciations ...................................................................................................................... 4-9
4.3.2 Measurements ................................................................................................................... 4-11
4.3.3 Oscillographic Fault Records............................................................................................. 4-13
4.4 Control ............................................................................................................................... 4-14
4.5 Manual Overwrite / Tagging............................................................................................... 4-16
4.6 General about the Setting Procedures .............................................................................. 4-17
4.7 Configuration of the Scope of Device Functions................................................................ 4-20
4.8 Configuration of Inputs and Outputs (Configuration Matrix) .............................................. 4-21
4.9 Programmable Logic CFC ................................................................................................. 4-24
4.10 Power System Data ........................................................................................................... 4-26
4.11 Setting Groups................................................................................................................... 4-27
4.12 General Device Settings .................................................................................................... 4-29
4.13 Time Synchronization ........................................................................................................ 4-30
4.14 Serial Interfaces................................................................................................................. 4-31
4.15 Passwords ......................................................................................................................... 4-33
5 Configuration .................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Configuration of Functions................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.1 Settings................................................................................................................................ 5-6
5.2 Configuration of the Binary Inputs and Outputs................................................................... 5-8
5.2.1 Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 5-8
5.2.2 Structure and Operation of the Configuration Matrix ......................................................... 5-13
5.2.3 Establishing Information Properties ................................................................................... 5-16
5.2.4 Performing Configuration................................................................................................... 5-25
5.2.5 Transferring Metering Values ............................................................................................ 5-32
5.2.6 Settings for Contact Chatter Blocking................................................................................ 5-34
x 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
5.3 Creating User Defined Functions with CFC....................................................................... 5-36
5.4 Serial Interfaces ................................................................................................................ 5-45
5.5 Date and Time Stamping................................................................................................... 5-49
6 Functions........................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 General................................................................................................................................ 6-2
6.1.1 Power System Data 1.......................................................................................................... 6-7
6.1.1.1 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-11
6.1.2 Setting Groups .................................................................................................................. 6-13
6.1.2.1 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-15
6.1.2.2 Information Overview......................................................................................................... 6-15
6.1.3 General Protection Data .................................................................................................... 6-16
6.1.3.1 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-24
6.1.3.2 Information Overview......................................................................................................... 6-26
6.2 Distance Protection ........................................................................................................... 6-28
6.2.1 Earth Fault Recognition ..................................................................................................... 6-28
6.2.1.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-28
6.2.1.2 Setting of the Parameters for this Function ....................................................................... 6-30
6.2.2 Calculation of the Impedances .......................................................................................... 6-31
6.2.2.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-31
6.2.2.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ........................................................................ 6-37
6.2.2.3 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-39
6.2.2.4 Information Overview ........................................................................................................ 6-40
6.2.3 Distance Protection with Polygonal Tripping Characteristic (optional) .............................. 6-44
6.2.3.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-44
6.2.3.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ........................................................................ 6-49
6.2.4 Distance Protection with MHO Characteristic (optional).................................................... 6-56
6.2.4.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-56
6.2.4.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ........................................................................ 6-60
6.2.4.3 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-63
6.2.5 Tripping Logic of the Distance Protection.......................................................................... 6-65
6.2.5.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-65
6.2.5.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ........................................................................ 6-69
6.3 Measures to Be Taken in Case of Power Swings (optional) ............................................. 6-70
6.3.1 Method of Operation.......................................................................................................... 6-70
6.3.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ........................................................................ 6-76
6.3.3 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-76
6.3.4 Information Overview......................................................................................................... 6-76
6.4 Protection Data Interfaces and Protection Data Topology (optional) ................................ 6-77
6.4.1 Function description .......................................................................................................... 6-77
6.4.2 Setting Function Parameters ............................................................................................. 6-80
6.4.3 Settings ............................................................................................................................. 6-84
6.4.4 Information Overview......................................................................................................... 6-85
6.5 Transmission of Binary Information (optional) .................................................................. 6-86
6.5.1 Information Overview......................................................................................................... 6-86
7SA522 Manual xi
C53000-G1176-C155-1
6.6 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes.................................................................... 6-89
6.6.1 Method of Operation .......................................................................................................... 6-90
6.6.1.1 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B (PUTT) ...................... 6-91
6.6.1.2 Direct Underreach Transfer Trip ........................................................................................ 6-93
6.6.1.3 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT)..................................................................... 6-94
6.6.1.4 Unblocking with Z1B .......................................................................................................... 6-98
6.6.1.5 Blocking scheme.............................................................................................................. 6-103
6.6.1.6 Transient Blocking ........................................................................................................... 6-106
6.6.1.7 Measures for Weak and Zero Infeed ............................................................................... 6-107
6.6.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-109
6.6.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-111
6.6.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-112
6.7 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional)...................................................... 6-114
6.7.1 Method of Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-114
6.7.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-120
6.7.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-126
6.7.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-129
6.8 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional) ............................................. 6-130
6.8.1 Method of Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-131
6.8.1.1 Directional Comparison Scheme ..................................................................................... 6-131
6.8.1.2 Directional Unblocking Scheme....................................................................................... 6-135
6.8.1.3 Directional Blocking Scheme ........................................................................................... 6-137
6.8.1.4 Transient Blocking ........................................................................................................... 6-139
6.8.1.5 Measures for Weak or Zero Infeed .................................................................................. 6-140
6.8.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-142
6.8.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-145
6.8.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-145
6.9 Weak-Infeed Tripping ...................................................................................................... 6-147
6.9.1 Method of Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-147
6.9.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-149
6.9.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-150
6.9.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-150
6.10 External Direct and Remote Tripping............................................................................... 6-151
6.10.1 Method of Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-151
6.10.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-152
6.10.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-152
6.10.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-152
6.11 Overcurrent Protection..................................................................................................... 6-153
6.11.1 Method of Operation ........................................................................................................ 6-154
6.11.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-160
6.11.3 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-166
6.11.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-167
xii 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
6.12 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection................................................................... 6-169
6.12.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-169
6.12.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-170
6.12.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-170
6.12.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-170
6.13 Automatic Reclosure Function (optional)......................................................................... 6-171
6.13.1 Function description ........................................................................................................ 6-172
6.13.2 Setting the function parameters....................................................................................... 6-188
6.13.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-194
6.13.4 Information overview ....................................................................................................... 6-197
6.14 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) .................................................................... 6-201
6.14.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-201
6.14.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-204
6.14.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-208
6.14.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-209
6.15 Voltage Protection (optional) ........................................................................................... 6-211
6.15.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-211
6.15.1.1 Overvoltage Protection .................................................................................................... 6-211
6.15.1.2 Undervoltage Protection .................................................................................................. 6-215
6.15.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-218
6.15.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-221
6.15.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-223
6.16 Fault Location .................................................................................................................. 6-226
6.16.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-226
6.16.2 Applying the Function Parameter Setting ........................................................................ 6-228
6.16.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-229
6.16.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-229
6.17 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional).................................................................... 6-231
6.17.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-231
6.17.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-242
6.17.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-246
6.17.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-247
6.18 Monitoring Functions ....................................................................................................... 6-248
6.18.1 Method of Operation........................................................................................................ 6-248
6.18.1.1 Hardware–Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 6-248
6.18.1.2 Software–Monitoring........................................................................................................ 6-250
6.18.1.3 Monitoring of the External Instrument Transformer Circuits ............................................ 6-250
6.18.1.4 Trip Circuit Supervision ................................................................................................... 6-255
6.18.1.5 Response to Failures....................................................................................................... 6-258
6.18.1.6 Group Alarms .................................................................................................................. 6-261
6.18.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-261
6.18.3 Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6-263
6.18.4 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-264
7SA522 Manual xiii
C53000-G1176-C155-1
6.19 Function Control .............................................................................................................. 6-267
6.19.1 Detection of Line Energization......................................................................................... 6-267
6.19.2 Processing of the Circuit Breaker Position ...................................................................... 6-269
6.19.3 Overall Fault Detection Logic of the Device..................................................................... 6-272
6.19.4 Overall Tripping Logic of the Device................................................................................ 6-273
6.19.5 Circuit Breaker Trip Test.................................................................................................. 6-280
6.19.6 Setting Parameters .......................................................................................................... 6-281
6.19.7 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-281
6.19.8 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-281
6.20 Supplementary Functions ................................................................................................ 6-283
6.20.1 Processing of Messages.................................................................................................. 6-283
6.20.2 Operational Measurement .............................................................................................. 6-285
6.20.3 Data Storage for Fault Recording .................................................................................... 6-288
6.20.4 Applying the Function Parameter Settings ...................................................................... 6-289
6.20.5 Settings............................................................................................................................ 6-290
6.20.6 Information Overview....................................................................................................... 6-291
6.21 Processing of Commands................................................................................................ 6-296
6.21.1 Types of commands ........................................................................................................ 6-296
6.21.2 Steps in the Command Sequence ................................................................................... 6-297
6.21.3 Interlocking ...................................................................................................................... 6-298
6.21.3.1 Interlocked/Non-Interlocked Switching ............................................................................ 6-298
6.21.4 Recording and acknowledgement of commands............................................................. 6-301
7 Control During Operation................................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Read-out of Information ....................................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.1 Messages ............................................................................................................................ 7-2
7.1.1.1 Output of Messages............................................................................................................. 7-2
7.1.1.2 Event Log (Operating Messages) ........................................................................................ 7-5
7.1.1.3 Trip Log (Fault Messages)................................................................................................... 7-6
7.1.1.4 Saving and Erasing the Messages ...................................................................................... 7-9
7.1.1.5 General Interrogation......................................................................................................... 7-10
7.1.1.6 Spontaneous Messages .................................................................................................... 7-10
7.1.2 Switching Statistics ............................................................................................................ 7-11
7.1.2.1 Viewing the Switching Statistics ........................................................................................ 7-11
7.1.2.2 Resetting and Setting the Switching Statistics................................................................... 7-12
7.1.3 Measured Values............................................................................................................... 7-13
7.1.3.1 Measured Values............................................................................................................... 7-13
7.1.3.2 Energy ............................................................................................................................... 7-18
7.1.3.3 Setting Set Points .............................................................................................................. 7-19
7.1.3.4 Resetting of Metered Values and Minimum/Maximum Values .......................................... 7-22
7.1.4 Fault Records .................................................................................................................... 7-24
7.1.4.1 Viewing Fault Records....................................................................................................... 7-24
7.1.4.2 Saving the Fault Records .................................................................................................. 7-27
xiv 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
7.2 Control of Device Functions .............................................................................................. 7-28
7.2.1 Read and Set Date and Time ............................................................................................ 7-28
7.2.2 Changeover of Setting Groups .......................................................................................... 7-34
7.2.3 Test Messages to the System (SCADA) Interface during Test Operation......................... 7-36
7.2.4 Test Mode of the Signal Transmission (optional) .............................................................. 7-38
7.3 Circuit Breaker Test Function ............................................................................................ 7-42
7.4 Control of Switchgear ........................................................................................................ 7-46
7.4.1 Display Equipment Position and Control ........................................................................... 7-47
7.4.2 Manual Overwriting............................................................................................................ 7-50
7.4.3 Set Status .......................................................................................................................... 7-51
7.4.4 Interlocking ........................................................................................................................ 7-53
7.4.5 Tagging ............................................................................................................................. 7-54
7.4.6 Switching Authority ............................................................................................................ 7-55
7.4.7 Switching Mode ................................................................................................................. 7-56
7.4.8 Control Messages.............................................................................................................. 7-57
7.4.9 Other Commands .............................................................................................................. 7-58
8 Installation and Commissioning ..................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Mounting and Connections.................................................................................................. 8-2
8.1.1 Installation ........................................................................................................................... 8-2
8.1.2 Termination variants ............................................................................................................ 8-6
8.1.3 Hardware Modifications ..................................................................................................... 8-10
8.1.3.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 8-10
8.1.3.2 Disassembly of the Device ................................................................................................ 8-11
8.1.3.3 Jumper Settings on Printed Circuit Boards........................................................................ 8-15
8.1.3.4 Interface Modules .............................................................................................................. 8-22
8.1.3.5 To Reassemble the Device ............................................................................................... 8-25
8.2 Checking the Connections................................................................................................. 8-27
8.2.1 Data Connections .............................................................................................................. 8-27
8.2.2 Checking the Protection Data Communication.................................................................. 8-29
8.2.3 Power Plant Connections .................................................................................................. 8-30
7SA522 Manual xv
C53000-G1176-C155-1
8.3 Commissioning .................................................................................................................. 8-32
8.3.1 Testing mode and transmission blocking........................................................................... 8-33
8.3.2 Checking the system interface........................................................................................... 8-33
8.3.3 Checking the Binary Inputs and Outputs ........................................................................... 8-35
8.3.4 Checking the Communication Topology ............................................................................ 8-38
8.3.5 Tests for the Circuit Breaker Failure Protection................................................................. 8-42
8.3.6 Current, Voltage, and Phase Rotation Checks .................................................................. 8-43
8.3.7 Directional Checks with Load Current ............................................................................... 8-45
8.3.8 Polarity check for the voltage input U4 .............................................................................. 8-46
8.3.9 Polarity Check for for the Current Measuring Input I4 ........................................................ 8-48
8.3.10 Measuring the operating time of the circuit breaker........................................................... 8-51
8.3.11 Testing of the Teleprotection System ................................................................................ 8-52
8.3.11.1 Teleprotection with Distance Protection ............................................................................ 8-52
8.3.11.2 Teleprotection with Earth Fault Protection......................................................................... 8-54
8.3.11.3 Transfer trip signal transmission for breaker failure protection and/or stub protection ...... 8-56
8.3.11.4 Signal Transmission for Internal and External Remote Tripping ....................................... 8-56
8.3.12 Testing User-Defined Functions ........................................................................................ 8-57
8.3.13 Trip and Close Test with the Circuit Breaker ..................................................................... 8-57
8.3.14 Switching Check for the Configured Operating Devices.................................................... 8-57
8.3.15 Triggering Oscillographic Recordings................................................................................ 8-58
8.3.16 Generate Indications.......................................................................................................... 8-59
8.4 Final Preparation of the Device ......................................................................................... 8-61
9 Routine Checks and Maintenance................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 9-2
9.2 Routine Checks ................................................................................................................... 9-3
9.3 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................ 9-4
9.3.1 Replacing the Buffer Battery................................................................................................ 9-4
9.3.1.1 Battery Change on Devices with Panel Flush Mounting and Cubicle Flush Mounting
as well as Panel Surface Mounting...................................................................................... 9-4
9.4 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................... 9-7
9.5 Corrective Action / Repairs ................................................................................................ 9-10
9.5.1 Software Procedures ......................................................................................................... 9-10
9.5.2 Hardware Procedures........................................................................................................ 9-10
9.6 Return ................................................................................................................................ 9-13
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10 Technical Data ................................................................................................................................ 10-1
10.1 General Device Data ......................................................................................................... 10-2
10.1.1 Analog Inputs .................................................................................................................... 10-2
10.1.2 Power Supply .................................................................................................................... 10-2
10.1.3 Binary Inputs and Outputs ................................................................................................. 10-3
10.1.4 Communications Interfaces ............................................................................................... 10-4
10.1.5 Electrical Tests .................................................................................................................. 10-7
10.1.6 Mechanical Stress Tests ................................................................................................... 10-9
10.1.7 Climatic Stress Tests....................................................................................................... 10-10
10.1.8 Service Conditions........................................................................................................... 10-10
10.1.9 Certifications.................................................................................................................... 10-11
10.1.10 Construction .................................................................................................................... 10-11
10.2 Distance Protection ......................................................................................................... 10-11
10.3 Power Swing Supplement (optional) ............................................................................... 10-14
10.4 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes.................................................................. 10-14
10.5 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional)...................................................... 10-15
10.6 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional) .............................................. 10-21
10.7 Weak-Infeed Tripping ...................................................................................................... 10-22
10.8 Protection Data Interface and Distance Protection Topology
(optional) ......................................................................................................................... 10-23
10.9 External Direct and Remote Tripping .............................................................................. 10-24
10.10 Overcurrent Protection .................................................................................................... 10-24
10.11 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection................................................................... 10-27
10.12 Automatic Re-closure Function (optional) ....................................................................... 10-27
10.13 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) .................................................................... 10-28
10.14 Voltage Protection (optional) ........................................................................................... 10-29
10.15 Fault Location .................................................................................................................. 10-31
10.16 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional).................................................................... 10-32
10.17 Monitoring Functions ....................................................................................................... 10-32
10.18 Transmission of Binary Information (optional) ................................................................. 10-34
10.19 Supplementary Functions................................................................................................ 10-35
10.20 Dimensions...................................................................................................................... 10-37
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A Appendix........................................................................................................................................... A-1
A.1 Ordering Information and Accessories ...............................................................................A-2
A.1.1 Accessories .........................................................................................................................A-5
A.2 General Diagrams................................................................................................................A-8
A.2.1 Panel Flush Mounting or Cubicle Mounting .........................................................................A-8
A.2.2 Panel Surface Mounting ....................................................................................................A-13
A.3 Connection Examples........................................................................................................A-22
A.4 Preset Configurations ........................................................................................................A-29
A.5 Protocol Dependent Functions ..........................................................................................A-36
B Appendix........................................................................................................................................... B-1
B.1 Settings................................................................................................................................B-2
B.2 List of Information .............................................................................................................B-21
B.3 Measuered Values............................................................................................................B-61
Index ...........................................................................................................................................Index-1
xviii 7SA522 Manual
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Introduction 1
The SIPROTEC® 4 devices 7SA522 are introduced in this chapter. An overview of the
devices is presented in their application, characteristics, and scope of functions.
1.1 Overall Operation 1-2
1.2 Applications 1-5
1.3 Features 1-8
1.4 Scope of Functions 1-9
7SA522 Manual 1-1
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Introduction
1.1 Overall Operation
The numerical Distance Protection SIPROTEC® 7SA522 is equipped with a powerful
32 Bit microprocessor. This provides fully numerical processing of all functions in the
device, from the acquisition of the measured values up to the output of commands to
the circuit breakers. Figure 1-1 shows the basic configuration of the device.
MI IA AD µC OA
IL1 ∩ ERROR
RUN
IL2
IL3 Output Relays
user-
programmable
I4
UL1 LEDs
on the front
panel, user-
UL2 programmable
UL3
Display on
# the Front Panel
U4
µC
Front Serial Oper- to
ating Interface PC
7 8 9 Time e.g
Operator Synchronization DCF77
4 5 6
control panel IRIG B
1 2 3
(6& (17(5 . 0 +/- Serial PC/
Service Interface modem
Serial System to
Binary inputs, programmable Interface SCADA
CC/
Protection Data
remote
Interface 1
end
PS
CC/
Protection Data
Uaux Power supply Interface 2
remote
end
Figure 1-1 Hardware structure of the numerical device 7SA522 (maximum configuration)
1-2 7SA522 Manual
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Introduction
Analog Inputs The measuring inputs MI transform the currents and voltages derived from the
instrument transformers and match them to the internal signal levels for processing in
the device. The device has 4 current and 4 voltage inputs. Three current inputs are
provided for measurement of the phase currents, a further measuring input (I4) may
be configured to measure the earth current (residual current from the current
transformer star-point), the earth current of a parallel line (for parallel line
compensation) or the star-point current of a power transformer (for earth fault direction
determination).
A voltage measuring input is provided for each phase–earth voltage. A further voltage
input (U4) may optionally be used to measure either the displacement voltage (e–n–
voltage) or any other voltage UX (for overvoltage protection). The analogue signals are
then routed to the input amplifier group IA.
The input amplifier group IA ensures that there is high impedance termination for the
measured signals and contains filters which are optimized in terms of band-width and
speed with regard to the signal processing.
The analogue/digital converter group AD has a multiplexor, analogue/digital
converters and memory modules for the data transfer to the microcomputer.
Microcomputer Apart from processing the measured values, the microcomputer system also executes
System the actual protection and control functions. In particular, the following are included:
− Filtering and conditioning of the measured signals,
− continuous supervision of the measured signals,
− monitoring of the individual protection function pick-up conditions,
− Interrogation of threshold values and time sequences,
− Processing of signals for the logic functions,
− Reaching trip and close command decisions,
− Storage of fault annunciations, fault annunciations as well as fault recording data,
for system fault analysis,
− Operating system and related function management such as e.g. data storage, real
time clock, communication, interfaces etc.
Binary Inputs and The microcomputer system obtains external information through binary inputs such as
Outputs remote resetting or blocking commands for protective elements. The “µC” issues in-
formation to external equipment via the output contacts. These outputs include, in par-
ticular, trip commands to circuit breakers and signals for remote annunciation of im-
portant events and conditions.
Front Elements Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a display screen (LCD) on the front panel provide
information such as targets, measured values, messages related to events or faults,
status, and functional status of the 7SA522.
Integrated control and numeric keys in conjunction with the LCD facilitate local
interaction with the 7SA522. All information of the device can be accessed using the
integrated control and numeric keys. The information includes protective and control
settings, operating and fault messages, and measured values (see also Chapter 7).
The settings can be modified as are discussed in Chapter 6.
If the device is provided with the main functions of system control, the required
operation can also be carried out via the front cover.
Serial Interfaces A serial operating interface on the front panel is provided for local communications
with the 7SA522 through a personal computer. Convenient operation of all functions
of the device is possible using the SIPROTEC® 4 operating program DIGSI® 4.
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Introduction
A separate serial service interface is provided for remote communications via a
modem, or local communications via a substation master computer that is
permanently connected to the 7SA522. DIGSI® 4 is required.
All 7SA522 data can be transferred to a central master or main control system through
the serial system interface. Various protocols and physical arrangements are
available for this interface to suit the particular application.
A battery backed clock is always provided and can be synchronized via a
synchronization signal with IRIG-B (GPS via satellite receiver) or DCF 77.
Additional interface modules provide the option to carry out further communication
protocols.
Protection Data Depending on the version there are one or two protection data interfaces. Via these
Interface (optional) interfaces the data for the teleprotection scheme and further information such as
closing the local circuit breaker, other external trip commands coupled via binary
inputs and binary information can be transmitted to other ends.
Power Supply The 7SA522 can be supplied with any of the common power supply voltages.
Transient dips of the supply voltage which may occur during short-circuit in the power
supply system, are bridged by a capacitor (see Technical Data, Sub-section 10.1.2).
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Introduction
1.2 Applications
The numerical Distance Protection SIPROTEC® 7SA522 is a fast and selective
protection device for overhead lines and cables with single- and multi-ended infeeds
in radial, ring or any type of meshed systems with an earthed system star-point.
The device incorporates the functions which are normally required for the protection
of an overhead line feeder and is therefore capable of universal application. It may
also be applied as time graded back-up protection to all types of comparison
protection schemes used on lines, transformers, generators, motors and busbars of
all voltage levels.
The devices located at the ends of the protected zone exchange measuring
information via protection data interfaces using dedicated communication links
(usually fibre optic cables) or a communication network. If the 7SA522 devices are
equipped with a protection data interface, they can be applied for an object with
2 ends. Lines with three terminals (teed feeders) require at least one device with two
protection data interfaces.
Protection Recognition of the distance to fault with distance protection measurement, is the basic
Functions function of the device. In particular for complex multiphase faults, the distance
protection has a non-switched 6-impedance-loops design (fullscheme). Different
pickup schemes enable a good adaption to system conditions and the user
philosophy. The influence of wrong distance measurement due to parallel lines can be
compensated by feeding the earth current of the parallel line to the relay. Parallel line
compensation can be used for distance protection as well as for the fault locator. It
may be supplemented by teleprotection using various signal transmission schemes
(for fast tripping on 100 % of the line length). In addition, an earth fault protection (for
high resistance earth faults, ordering option) is available, which may be directional,
non-directional and may also be incorporated in signal transmission. On lines with
weak or no infeed at one line end, it is possible to achieve fast tripping at both line ends
by means of the signal transmission scheme. Subsequent to energizing the line onto
a fault which may be located along the entire line length, it is possible to achieve a non-
delayed trip signal.
In the event of a failure of the measured voltages due to a fault in the secondary
circuits (e.g. trip of the voltage transformer mcb or a fuse) the device can automatically
revert to an emergency operation with an integrated time delayed overcurrent
protection, until the measured voltage again becomes available. The overcurrent
protection consists of three definite time overcurrent stages and an inverse time
(IDMT) stage. For the IDMT stage, a number of characteristics based on various
standards are available. The stages can be combined according to the user’s
requirements. Alternatively, the time delayed overcurrent protection may be used as
back-up time delayed overcurrent protection, i.e. it functions independant and in
parallel to the distance protection.
Depending on the version ordered, most short-circuit protection functions may also trip
single-pole. It may work in co-operation with an integrated automatic reclosure
(available as an option) with which single-pole, three-pole or single and three-pole
automatic reclosure as well as several interrupt cycles are possible on overhead lines.
Before reclosure after three-pole tripping, the permissibility of the reclosure can be
checked by voltage and/or synchronization check by the device. It is possible to
connect an external automatic reclosure and/or synchronization device as well as
double protection with one or two automatic reclosure functions.
In the event of a communication failure, if there is no possible reserve, the devices can
automatically be switched to emergency operation using an integrated overcurrent
7SA522 Manual 1-5
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Introduction
time protection until communication is healthy again. This overcurrent time protection
has three definite-time overcurrent stages and one inverse-time (IDMT) stage; a
series of characteristics according to various standards is available for the inverse-
time stage. Alternatively, the overcurrent time protection can be used as a back-up
overcurrent time protection, i.e. it operates independent of and parallel to the Distance
Protection at either end.
Apart from the short-circuit protection functions mentioned, further protection
functions are possible such as overvoltage protection, circuit breaker failure protection
and protection against the effects of power swings (simultaneously active as power
swing blocking for the distance protection). For the rapid location of the damage to the
line after a short-circuit, a fault locator is integrated which also may compensate for
the influence of a parallel line and load.
Digital If the distance protection is to be complemented by digital teleprotection schemes, the
Transmission of data required for this purpose can be transmitted via the protection data interface by
Protection Data employing a digital communication link. Communication via the protection data
(optional) interface can be used for transmitting further information. Besides measured variables
also binary commands or other information (ordered variant) can be transmitted.
With more than two devices (= ends of the protected object) the communication can
be built up as a ring. This enables a redundant operation in case one communication
line fails. The devices will automatically find the remaining healthy communication
lines. But even with two ends, communication lines can be doubled to create
redundancies.
Messages and A series of operating messages provides information about conditions in the power
Measured Values; system and the 7SA522 itself. Measurement quantities and values that are calculated
Storage of Data for can be displayed locally and communicated via the serial interfaces.
Fault Recordings
Messages of the 7SA522 can be indicated by a number of programmable LEDs on the
front panel, externally processed through programmable output contacts, and
communicated via the serial interfaces (see “Communication” below). With the help of
the CFC graphic tool (Continous Function Chart) user-defined annunciations and
logical combinations of internal or external signals can also be generated.
Important events and changes in conditions are saved under Annunciation in the
Event Log or the Trip Log, the latter being used for faults. The instantaneous
measured values during the fault are also stored in the device and are subsequently
available for fault analysis.
Communication Serial interfaces are available for communications with PCs, RTUs and SCADA
systems.
A 9-pin D-subminiature female connector on the front cover is used for local
communication with a personal computer. DIGSI®4 software is required to
communicate via this port. Using the SIPROTEC® DIGSI®4 operator software, all
operating and evalution procedures may be implemented via this operating interface,
such as setting and modification of configuration and parameter settings, configuration
of user-specific logic functions, reading out and display of operating and fault event
messages as well as measured values, reading out and display of fault records,
queries of device states as well as queries of measured values, and issuing of control
commands.
Depending on the version ordered, further interfaces are on the rear side of the device.
Thus a comprehensive communication can be built up with other digital operating
control and storage systems:
1-6 7SA522 Manual
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Introduction
The service interface can be operated via data or fibre optic cables. Communication
via modems is also possible. This enables remote operation from a PC using the
DIGSI®4 operating software, e.g. if several devices are to be operated from a central
PC.
The system interface is used for central communication between the device and the
control centre. It can also be operated via data and fibre optic cables. Several
standardized protocols for data transfer in accordance with IEC 60870-5-103 are
available. This profile also enables the integration of devices into the SINAUT®LSA
and SICAM® automation systems.
Further interfaces ensure the communication between the devices at the ends of the
protected object. The protection data interfaces are described in the paragraph titled
“Protective Functions”, to be found above.
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Introduction
1.3 Features
• Powerful 32-bit microprocessor system.
• Complete digital processing of measured values and control, from the sampling of
the analog input values up to the closing and tripping commands to the circuit
breakers.
• Complete galvanic and reliable separation between the internal processing circuits
of the 7SA522 and the external measurement, control, and DC supply circuits
because of the design of the analog input transducers, binary inputs and outputs,
and the DC converters.
• Complete scope of functions which are normally required for the protection of a line
feeder.
• Digital transmission of protection data possible for teleprotection schemes. Faults,
failure or signal propagation delays are monitored continuously in the
communication network with automatic runtime re-adjustment.
• Distance Protection system for up to 3 ends with digital protection data
transmission.
• Selectable tripping characteristics: polygonal with separate setting along the X–axis
(reach) and R–axis (arc resistance reserve) and separate R–setting for earth faults,
or MHO–circle–characteristic.
• Direction determination (with polygon) or polarization (with MHO–circle) is done
with unfaulted loop (quadrature) voltages and voltage memory, thereby achieving
unlimited directional sensitivity.
• Compensation of the influence of a parallel line during earth faults is possible.
• Abundance of additional protective and control functions available, some as
options.
• Continuous calculation and display of measured quantities on the front of the
device. Indication of measured quantities of the remote line ends.
• Simple device operation using the integrated operator panel or by means of a
connected personal computer running DIGSI® 4.
• Storage of operational data, fault data, and oscillographic fault records with SER
information to be used for analysis and troubleshooting.
• Communication with central control and data storage equipment via serial
interfaces through the choice of data cable, modem, or optical fibers, as an option.
• Constant monitoring of the measurement quantities, as well as continuous self-
diagnostics covering the hardware and software.
1-8 7SA522 Manual
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Introduction
1.4 Scope of Functions
The numerical Distance Protection SIPROTEC® 7SA522 has the following functions
(sometimes dependent on the order variant):
Distance Protection • Protection for all types of short-circuit in systems with earthed star point;
• Selectable polygonal tripping characteristic or MHO–circle characteristic;
• Reliable distinction between load and short-circuit conditions, also on long, heavily
loaded lines;
• High sensitivity in the case of a weakly loaded system, extreme stability against
load jumps and power swings;
• Six measuring systems for each distance zone;
• Six distance zones, selectable as forward, reverse or non-directional reaching, one
may be graded as an overreaching zone;
• Nine time stages for the distance zones;
• Optimum adaption to the line parameters by means of the tripping characteristic
with diverse configuration parameters and “load trapezoid” (elimination of the
possible load impedances);
• Direction determination (with polygon) or polarisation (with MHO–circle) is done
with unfaulted loop (quadrature) voltages and voltage memory, thereby achieving
unlimited directional sensitivity, and not affected by capacitive voltage transformer
transients;
• Current transformer saturation detection and compensation;
• Compensation against the influence of a parallel line is possible;
• Shortest tripping time is approx. 15 ms (fN = 60 Hz) or 17 ms (fN = 50 Hz);
• Phase segregated tripping (in conjunction with single-pole or single- and three-pole
auto-reclosure) is possible;
• Non delayed tripping following switch on to fault is possible;
• Two sets of zero sequence compensation factors.
Power Swing • Power swing detection with dZ/dt–measurement with three measuring systems;
Suppplement
• Power swing detection up to a maximum of 7 Hz swing frequency;
(optional)
• In service also during single-pole dead times;
• Settable power swing programs;
• Prevention of undesired tripping by the distance protection during power swings;
• Tripping for out-of-step conditions can also be configured.
Teleprotection Can be configured to various schemes for:
Supplement
• Permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT) (directly via pickup or via separate
overreach zone);
• Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT) (release or blocking schemes, with
separate overreach zone or directional pickup);
7SA522 Manual 1-9
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Introduction
• All teleprotection schemes are applicable for 2- and 3-terminal lines;
• Communication between devices via dedicated communication connections (in
general optical fibre) or a communication system possible (as an option);
− Steady monitoring of the communication ways and the signal propagation delay
with automatic re-adjustment;
− Automatic changeover of communication ways in case of transmission failure or
transmission disturbance is provided for ring topology;
Earth Fault • Earth fault overcurrent protection, with a maximum of three definite time stages
Protection (DT) and one inverse time stage (IDMT) for high resistance earth faults in earthed
(optional) systems;
• For the IDMT protection a selection of various characteristics based on several
standards is possible;
• High sensitivity (depending on the version from 3 mA is possible);
• Phase current stabilization against error currents during current transformer
saturation;
• Inrush stabilization with second harmonic;
• Each stage can be set to be non-directional or directional in the forward or reverse
direction;
• Direction determination with zero sequence system quantities (I0, U0), with zero
sequence current and transformer star-point current (I0, IY). or with negative
sequence system quantities (I2, U2);
• One or more stages may function in conjunction with a signal transmission
supplement; also suited for lines with three ends;
• Non-delayed tripping after switch on to fault with any stage is possible.
Transmission of • Transmission of the measured values from all ends of the protected object;
Information (only
• Transmission of 4 commands at all remote ends;
with Digital
Protection Data • Transmission of 24 additional binary signals to all remote ends.
Transmission)
Tripping/Echo at • Possible in conjunction with teleprotection schemes;
Line Ends with No
• Allows fast tripping at both line ends, even if there is no or only weak infeed
or Weak Infeed
available at one line end;
• Phase segregated tripping is possible (version with single-phase tripping);
External Direct and • Tripping at the local line end from an external device via a binary input;
Remote Tripping
• Tripping of the remote line end by internal protection functions or an external device
via a binary input (with teleprotection).
Time Delayed • Selectable as emergency function in the case of measured voltage failure, or as
Overcurrent back up function independent of the measured voltage;
Protection
• Maximally two definite time stages (DT) and one inverse time stage (IDMT), each
for phase currents and earth current;
1-10 7SA522 Manual
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Introduction
• For IDMT protection a selection from various characteristics based on several
standards is possible;
• Blocking options e.g. for reverse interlocking with any stage;
• Non-delayed tripping in the case of switching onto a fault with any stage is possible;
• stub protection: additional stage for fast tripping of faults between the current
transformer and circuit breaker (when the isolator switching status feed back is
available); particularly suited to sub-stations with 11/2 circuit breaker arrangements.
High Current Fast • fast tripping for all faults on total line length;
Switch-on-to-Fault
• Selectable for manual closure or following each closure of the circuit breaker;
Protection
• With integrated line energization detection.
Automatic • For reclosure after single-pole, three-pole or single and three-pole tripping;
Reclosure
• Single or multiple reclosure (up to 8 reclosure attempts);
(optional)
• With separate action times for every reclosure attempt, optionally without action
times;
• With separate dead times after single-pole and three-pole tripping, separate for the
first four reclosure attempts;
• Controlled optionally by protection start with separate dead times after single, two
and three-pole starting
• optionally with adaptive dead time, reduced dead time and dead line check.
Synchronism and • Checking synchronization conditions before reclosure after three-pole switching;
Voltage Check
• Fast measuring of voltage difference Udiff of the phase angle difference ϕdiff and the
(Dead-line /
frequency difference fdiff;
Dead-bus Check)
(optional) • Alternative check of dead-line / dead-bus before reclosure;
• Switching under asynchronous network conditions with advance calculation of the
synchro-time possible;
• Adjustable minimum and maximum voltage;
• Check synchronism or dead-line / dead-bus also before manual closure of the
circuit breaker possible, with separate limit values;
• Measurement via transformer also possible;
• Measuring voltages optionally phase-phase or phase-earth
Voltage Overvoltage and undervoltage detection with different stages
Protection
• Two overvoltage stages for the phase-earth voltages, with common time delay
(optional)
• Two overvoltage stages for the phase-phase voltages, with common time delay
• Two overvoltage stages for the positive sequence voltage, with a time delay each
• Two overvoltage stages for the negative sequence voltage, with a time delay each
• Two overvoltage stages for the zero sequence voltage or any other single-phase
voltage, with a time delay each
• Settable drop-off to pick-up ratios for the overvoltage protection functions
7SA522 Manual 1-11
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Introduction
• Two undervoltage stages for the phase-earth voltages with common time delay
• Two undervoltage stages for the phase-phase voltages with common time delay
• Two undervoltage stages for the positive sequence voltage, with a time delay each
• Settable current criterion for undervoltage protection functions
Fault Location • Initiated by trip command or reset of the fault detection;
• Computation of the distance to fault with dedicated measured value registers;
• Fault location output in ohm, kilometers or miles and % of line length;
• Parallel line compensation can be selected;
• Taking into consideration the load current in case of single-phase earth faults fed
from both sides
Circuit Breaker • With independent current stages for monitoring current flow through every pole of
Failure Protection the circuit breaker;
(optional)
• With independent monitoring time steps for single-pole and three-pole tripping;
• Start by trip command of every internal protection function;
• Start by external trip functions possible;
• Single or two stages;
• Short drop off and overshoot times.
User Defined Logic • Freely programmable combination of internal and external signals for the
Functions implementation of user defined logic functions;
• All common logic functions;
• Time delays and measured value set point interrogation.
Commissioning; • Display of magnitude and phase angle of local and remote measured values;
Operation (only with
• Display of the measured values of the communication link, such as runtime and
Digital Transmission
availability.
of Protection Data)
Monitoring • Monitoring of the internal measuring circuits, the auxiliary supply, as well as the
Functions hard- and software, resulting in increased reliability;
• Monitoring of the current and voltage transformer secondary circuits by means of
summation and symmetry checks;
• Trip circuit supervision is possible;
• Check of the load impedance, the measured direction and the phase sequence;
• Monitoring the signal transmission of the digital communication way (optional).
Further Functions • Battery buffered real time clock, which may be sychronized via a synchronization
signal (DCF77, IRIG B via satellite receiver), binary input or system interface;
• Fault event memory for the last 8 network faults (faults in the power system), with
real time stamps (ms-resolution);
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Introduction
• Fault recording memory and data transfer for analogue and user configurable
binary signal traces with a maximum time range of 15 s;
• Switching statistic: counter with the trip commands issued by the device, as well as
record of the short-circuit current and accumulation of the interrupted short-circuit
currents;
• Commissioning aids such as connection and direction checks as well as circuit
breaker test functions.
n
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Introduction
1-14 7SA522 Manual
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Hardware and Connections 2
This chapter describes the construction and connection of the 7SA522. The different
housing versions and available termination techniques are described.
The recommended and permitted data for the wiring is stated and suitable accessories
and tools are given.
2.1 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Flush Mounting (Cubicle Mounting) 2-2
2.2 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Surface Mounting 2-16
7SA522 Manual 2-1
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Hardware and Connections
2.1 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Flush Mounting (Cubicle Mounting)
The numerical Distance Protection SIPROTEC® 7SA522 for panel and cubicle flush
mounting is enclosed in a 7XP20 housing. 2 housing sizes are available, namely 1/2
und 1/1 (of 19 inch).
Different termination techniques are available depending on the ordered version.
2.1.1 Housing
The housing consists of a rectangular tube with a rear plate specific to the device
version and a front cover. Guide rail mats are mounted at the top and bottom on the
inside of the tube, to guide the modules during insertion. Each guide rail mat has
visible numbering from 1 to 42, designating the mounting positions of the modules.
The connection between the modules and to the front cover is by means of flat ribbon
cables and the corresponding plug connectors. The rear plate screwed to the tube
contains the required connectors for the external connections to the device.
The front cover can be detached after removal of the covers located on the 4 corners
of the front cover and the 4 screws that are then revealed. Housing size 1/1 has 2
additional screw covers located at the centre of the top and bottom of the front cover
frame; accordingly 6 screws must be removed in this case. The front cover has a
membrane keypad containing the control and indication elements required for the user
interface with the device. All terminations to the control and indication elements are
combined by a converter module on the front cover, and routed to the processor
module (CPU) via a plug connector.
The name plate containing the principal data of the device, such as auxiliary supply
voltage, the rated test voltage and the ordering code (MLFB) is located on the external
top of the housing and on the inside of the front cover.
The mechanical dimension drawings are located in Section 10.20.
2-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
View of Front Panel
11) 11)
(Housing Size 1/2) SIPROTEC
SIEMENS
10) RUN ERROR 7SA522
+$8370(18
0HOGXQJHQ
1)
0HVVZHUWH
9) 2)
MENU
3)
8) ENTER
4)
LED ESC
Meldungen F1 7 8 9
Messwerte
7) F2 4 5 6
5)
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
6)
11) 11)
Figure 2-1 Front view of a 7SA522, housing size 1/2, for panel flush mounting or cubicle
mounting
Referring to the operating and display elements in Figure 2-1:
1. Display (LCD)
The LCD shows processing and device information as text in various lists.
Commonly displayed information includes measured values, counter values,
binary information regarding the condition of circuit breakers, status of the device,
protection information, general reports, and alarms.
2. Navigation keys
These keys serve for navigation through operating menus.
3. MENU key
This key activates the main menu.
4. ESC and ENTER keys
These keys serve to escape from specific menues or execute changes (such as
setting changes).
5. Numerical keys
These keys serve for entry of numerical values, such as limit value settings.
6. Function keys
Four function keys allow the quick and simple execution of frequently used
actions. Typical applications include, for example, jumping to a particular position
in the menu tree such as the fault data in the Trip Log or the measured values. The
function keys are programmable, and may be used to execute control functions
such as closing or tripping circuit breakers. Next to the keypad, a labeling strip is
provided on which the user-specified key functions may be written.
7. 9-pin female D-subminiature connector
This serial interface is for the connection of a local PC running DIGSI® 4.
7SA522 Manual 2-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
8. LED key
This key has the dual purpose of resetting latched LEDs and the latched contacts
of output relays, as well as testing all of the LEDs.
9. Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
The function of these indicators can be programmed. There is a vast selection of
signals from which to choose. Some examples are device status, processing or
control information, and binary input or output status. Next to the LEDs on the front
panel, a labeling strip is provided on which the user-specified LED functions may
be written.
10. Operating condition indicators
The two LEDs “RUN” (green) and “ERROR” (red) indicate the operating condition
of the device.
11.Coverings for the screws that secure the front panel.
View of Front Panel The significance of the operating and display elements is the same as explained after
(Housing Size 1/1) Figure 2-1.
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
+$8370(18
0HOGXQJHQ
0HVVZHUWH
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
Meldungen F1 7 8 9
Messwerte F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Figure 2-2 Front view of a 7SA522, housing size 1/1, for panel flush mounting or cubicle
mounting
2-4 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
View of Rear Panel Figure 2-3 is a simplified view of the rear panel of the version of the device with screw-
(Housing Size 1/2) type terminals and optical fiber ports for the service interface at location B.
.
Ch2
2 2
1 1
4 4 E
3 3
6 6
Ch1
5 5
8 8
7 7
R 10 K 10
Ch2
9 9
12 12
11 11
14 14 D
13 13
16 16
Ch1
15 15
18 18
17 17
RS232
RS485
2
2
1 1 C
P-Master
P-Slave
4
3
4 6
3
Q J 5
Ch2
8
6 7
5
10
9 B A
8 12
7
11
Ch1
Figure 2-3 Rear view of a 7SA522, housing size 1/2 (terminal arrangement example
only)
View of Rear Panel Figure 2-4 shows a simplified view of the rear panel of a device with screw-type
(Housing Size 1/1) terminals.
Ch2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 E
3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5
Ch1
8 8 8 8
7 7 7 7
R 10
P 10
K 10 H 10
Ch2
9 9 9 9
12 12 12 12
11 11 11 11
14 14 14 14 D
13 13 13 13
16 16 16 16
Ch1
15 15 15 15
18 18 18 18
17 17 17 17
RS232
RS485
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 C
P-Master
P-Slave
4 4 4
3 3 3
4 6 6 6
3
Q N 5
J 5
G 5
Ch2
8 8 8
6 7 7 7
5
10 10 10
9 9 9 B A
8 12 12 12
7
11 11 11
Ch1
Figure 2-4 Rear view of a 7SA522, housing size 1/1 (terminal arrangement example only)
7SA522 Manual 2-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2.1.2 Screw terminal connections
The following must be distinguished in the case of connection via screw terminals:
terminal plugs for voltage connections and
terminal plugs for current connections.
The terminal screws have a slot head for tightening or loosening with a flat screw driv-
er, sized 6 × 1 mm.
Terminal Blocks for The voltage connection terminal modules are available in 2 variants (Figure 2-5).
Voltage
Connections
2
1
4
3
6
5
8 2
7 1
10 4
9 3
12 6
11 5
14 8
13 7
16 10
15 9
18 12
17 11
18 terminal 12 terminal
Figure 2-5 Connection plug module with screw terminals for voltage connections — rear
view
Figure 2-6 shows an example of the allocation of an individual screw terminals to their
terminal numbers.
2 connection terminal 1
connection terminal 2 1
Figure 2-6 Allocation of screw terminal to terminal number — example
Terminal Block for There is one version of a terminal block for current connections to a 7SA522. The ter-
Current minal block is illustrated in Figure 2-7.
Connections
The correlation between the terminals and their terminal numbers is the same for the
current terminals as shown in Figure 2-6.
2-6 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
8 terminal
Figure 2-7 Terminal block of screw terminals for current connections — rear view
The available poles are arranged into pole pairs, each containing two poles. In this
manner, the two neighbouring terminals form one pair. Accordingly the current termi-
nal module with 8 poles contains 4 pairs.
In combination with the plug connection on the module side, these terminal pairs have
an integrated short-circuiting function which short-circuits the two neighbouring cur-
rent passages when the module is withdrawn. If the current transformer secondary cir-
cuits should become open circuited, large voltages can arise, which may endanger op-
erating personnel and the insulation of the CTs. When the module is inserted, the cur-
rent paths have a low impedance termination via the measuring inputs on the module.
During insertion of the module, the short-circuit of the current path is automatically re-
moved. The interruption only occurs once a reliable contact to the plug connector on
the module is established. This does not reduce the care that must be taken when
working on the current transformer secondary circuits!
The short-circuiting contacts of the current terminals are located on the housing side,
inside the terminal module connector, while the operating pins are located on the mod-
ule side of the plug connector.
Connections to Ring-type and fork-type lugs may be used. To ensure that the insulation paths are
Voltage Terminals maintained, insulated lugs must be used. Alternatively, the crimping area must be in-
sulated with other methods, e.g. by covering with a shrink sleeve.
The following must be observed:
Connections with cable lugs: inner diameter of lugs, 4 mm;
maximum outer diameter of lugs, 10 mm;
conductor with cross-section of 1 mm2 to 2.6 mm2 (AWG 16 to 14).
Use copper wires only!
Cable lugs of series PIDG from Messrs. Tyco Electronics AMP are recommended, e.g.
Ring cable lug: PIDG PN 320565–0
Fork lug: PIDG PN 321233–0.
Direct cable connections: solid or stranded conductor with connector sleeve;
conductor with cross-section of 0.5 mm2 to 2.6 mm2 (AWG 20 to 14).
When using one single conductor, the conductor end must be inserted such that it will
be drawn into the contact cavity while tightening the screw.
Use copper wires only!
Wire strip length: solid conductor 9 to 10 mm (0.35 to 0.39 in).
Maximum tightening torque: 1.8 Nm (16 in-lb).
7SA522 Manual 2-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
Connections to Ring-type and fork-type lugs may be used. To ensure that the insulation paths are
Current Terminals maintained, insulated lugs must be used. Alternatively, the crimping area must be in-
sulated with other methods, e.g. by covering with a shrink sleeve.
The following must be observed:
Connections with cable lugs: inner diameter of lugs, 5 mm;
maximum outer diameter of lugs, 12 mm;
conductor with cross-section of 2.6 mm2 to 6.6 mm2 (AWG 14 to 10).
Use copper wires only!
Cable lugs of series PIDG from Messrs. Tyco Electronics AMP are recommended, e.g.
Ring cable lug: PIDG PN 130171–0
Fork lug: PIDG PN 326865–0
Direct cable connections: solid or stranded conductor with connector sleeve;
conductor with cross-section of 2.6 mm2 to 3.3 mm2 (AWG 14 to 12).
When using one single conductor, the conductor end must be inserted such that it will
be drawn into the contact cavity while tightening the screw.
Use copper wires only!
Wire strip length: solid conductor 10 to 11 mm (0.39 to 0.43 in).
Maximum tightening torque: 2.7 Nm (24 in-lb).
Short-Circuit Links Short-circuit links are available for convenience in making terminal connections.
The short-circuit links can connect two neighbouring terminals located on the same
side of the terminal module. By connecting further links, neighbouring terminals can
be included in the short-circuit. On each terminal it is possible to connect two shot-
circuiting links, or one short-circuit link and one lug, or one individual conductor.
The links meet the safety requirements for protection against electric shock.
There are two types of links, one for voltage connections and one for current connec-
tions. The links are illustrated in Figure 2-8. Ordering information for the links is pro-
vided in Section A.1 in the Appendix.
Short-circuit links for Short-circuit links for
voltage connections current connections
Figure 2-8 Short-circuit links for voltage connections and current connections
Covering Caps Terminal covering caps are available for the screw terminal modules, to increase the
protection of personnel against hazardous voltages (degree of protection against ac-
cess to dangerous parts) on the terminal modules. The degree of protection is in-
creased from the standard “back of the hand protection” (IP1x) to “finger protection”
(IP2x).
The terminal covering caps provide an enclosure which securely covers all voltage
carrying components. They are simply snapped onto the terminal module. It must be
2-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
noted that all screws on the terminal module must be screws in before snapping the
cover on. The terminal covering cap can simply be removed with a screw driver 6x1.
There are two types of covering caps, as shown in Figure 2-9. Ordering information is
provided in Section A.1 in the Appendix.
>PCGF<
:AMP
>PCGF<
:AMP
C73334-A1-C31-1
C73334-A1-C32-1
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
Covering cap for Covering cap for
18 terminal voltage 12 terminal voltage
connection terminal block or 8 Terminal Current
connection terminal block
Figure 2-9 Covering caps for terminal blocks with screw terminals
7SA522 Manual 2-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2.1.3 Connections to Plug-In Terminals
Plug-in terminals are only available for voltage connections. Current connections are
made with screw terminals on all 7SA522.
Terminal Blocks for There are two versions of plug-in terminal blocks. They are shown in Figure 2-10.
Voltage
Connections
c b a
1
4
5
6
c b a
7 1
8 2
9 3
10 4
11 5
12 6
13 7
14 8
15 9
16 10
17 11
18 12
a b c a b c
18 terminal 12 terminal
Figure 2-10 Terminal blocks of plug-in terminals for voltage connections — rear view
The system of numbers and letters used to designate the plug-in terminals is
illustrated in Figure 2-11.
c b a
Plug-in terminal 1
1
2
Plug-in terminal 2
12
a b c
Figure 2-11 Correlation between plug-in terminals and connection numbers/letters
Each plug-in terminal forms a complete set of connections that consists of three pins
arranged as follows:
Pin a: Signal connection
Pin b: Common connection
Pin c: Shielding connection
The signal pins are the only terminal pins that are directly connected to the internal
printed circuit boards of the 7SA522. Depending on the version of the terminal block,
18 or 12 signal connections are provided. Refer to Figure 2-12.
There are two isolated groups of common pins. Within a group the pins are inter-
connected as shown in Figure 2-12. The common pins “b” are not connected to the
2-10 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
boards inside the 7SA522. Each common group can, for example, be used for signal
multiplication or as a common point for a signal (independent of the signals on the pin
“a” terminals). Depending on the version of the terminal block, 18 or 12 common
connections are available.
Grouping of common connections within a terminal block is as follows:
12 terminal block: Group 1 Terminals 1 through 6
Group 2 Terminals 7 through 12
18 terminal block: Group 1 Terminals 1 through 9
Group 2 Terminals 10 through 18
All shielding pins are connected together as shown in Figure 2-12. The shielding pins
are also connected to the housing. Depending on the version of the terminal block, 18
or 12 shielding connections are provided.
12 terminal Signal connection 18 terminal
Common connection
Shielding connection
c b a 1 c b a 1
2 a b c 2 a b c
c b a 3 c b a 3
4 a b c Common connections, group 1 4 a b c
c b a 5 looped together c b a 5
6 a b c 6 a b c
c b a 7 c b a 7
8 a b c 8 a b c
c b a 9 c b a 9
10 a b c 10 a b c
c b a 11 c b a 11
12 a b c Common connections, group 2 12 a b c
looped together c b a 13
14 a b c
c b a 15
16 a b c
Shielding connections c b a 17
looped together 18 a b c
Figure 2-12 Schematic diagram of the plug-in terminal blocks
Connections to Connections to plug-in terminals are made with pin connectors.
Plug-In Terminals
There are two versions of pin connectors (Figure 2-13):
Version 1: 2-pin connector
Version 2: 3-pin connector
7SA522 Manual 2-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
a
b a c b
Figure 2-13 2-pin connector and 3-pin connector
Ordering information for the pin connectors is provided in Section 1.1 of Appendix A.
The design of the pin connectors is such that only correct connections can be made.
For example, the design of the 2-pin connector allows connection only to pins “a” and
“b”. An erroneous connection to pins “b” and “c” is excluded due to the construction of
the pin connectors.
The pin connectors snap in to the plug-in terminals. The connectors can be removed
without tools.
Control wires are connected to contacts of the pin connectors. Wires with 0.5 mm2 to
2.5 mm2 diameter (AWG 20 to 14) can be accommodated.
Use only flexible copper control wire!
The crimp connector required depends on the diameter of the conductor being used.
Section 0.5 mm2 to 1.0 mm2:
e.g. Bandware 4000 pieces type: 0-827039–1 from AMP Corp.
Individual piece type:0- 827396–1 from AMP Corp.
Section 1.0 mm2 to 2.5 mm2:
e.g. Bandware 4000 pieces type: 0-827040–1 from AMP Corp.
Individual piece type: 0-827397–1 from AMP Corp.
Connection of a conductor to a contact is performed using,
e.g., a hand crimping tool type 0–734372-1 from AMP Corp.
matrix type 1-734387-1 from AMP Corp.
Individual pieces are recommended.
The gold-plated connector (recommended) depends on the diameter of the conductor
that is used.
Section 0.75 mm2 to 1.5 mm2:
e.g. Bandware 4000 pieces type: 163083-7 from AMP Corp.
Individual piece type: 163084-7 from AMP Corp.
Connection of a conductor to a contact is performed using a hand crimping tool,
e.g. a hand crimping tool type: 0-539635–1 from AMP Corp.
matrix type: 0-539668–2 from AMP Corp.
Individual pieces are recommended.
2-12 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
After the wires are crimped, the contacts are pressed into the terminals of the
connector until they snap into place..
Note:
Stress relief for individual pin connector must be provided with cable ties. Stress relief
must also be provided for the entire set of cables, e.g., cable ties.
The following separation tool is needed to remove the contacts from the pin
connectors:
Type: 725840–1 from AMP Corp.
The separation tool contains a small tube that is subject to wear. The tube can be
ordered separately:
Type: 725841–1 from AMP Corp.
2.1.4 Connections to Optical Communication Interfaces
Optical The three available versions of optical communication interfaces with ST-connector
Communication are shown in Figure 2-14. The ports are supplied with caps to protect the optical
Interfaces with components against dust or other contaminants. The caps can be removed by turning
ST-connector them 90° to the left.
P-Master Ch2
AMO
UART
Ch1 P-Slave
Ch1 P-Slave
2 channel 1 channel 1 channel
Figure 2-14 Optical communication interfaces with protective caps
Connections to Optical connector type: ST–connector
Optical
Communication Fibre type: Multimode graded-index (“G”) optical fibre
Interfaces with G50/125 µm,
ST–Connectors G62.5/125 µm,
G100/140 µm
Wavelength: λ = 820 nm (approximately)
Allowable bending radius: For indoor cable rmin = 5 cm (2 in)
For outdoor cable rmin = 20 cm (8 in)
Laser class 1 (acc. EN 60825–1) is achieved with fibre type G50/125 µm and
G62.5/125 µm.
7SA522 Manual 2-13
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
Connections to The optical communication interfaces with FC-connectors and screw connections also
Optical provide caps to protect the optical components against dust or other contaminants.
Communication
Interfaces with
FC–Connectors
Figure 2-15 Optical communication interfaces with caps
Connections to Optical connector type: FC–connector
Optical
Communication Fibre type: Monomode
Interfaces with 9/125 µm,
FC–Connectors Wavelength: λ = 1300 nm (approximately)
Allowable bending radius:For indoor cable rmin = 5 cm (2 in)
For outdoor cable rmin = 20 cm (8 in)
2-14 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2.1.5 Connections to Electrical Communication Interfaces
Electrical 9-pin D-subminiature female socket connectors are provided for all electrical commu-
Communication nication interfaces of the 7SA522. The connector is illustrated in Figure 2-16. The pin
Interfaces assignments are described in Sub-section 8.2.1.
RS232 RS485
5 1 1
RS232-LWL
9 6 6
6 9 9
1 5 5
P-Slave
Front Serial Operational Interface AME Rear Serial Interface
for Time Synchronization
Rear Serial Interface
Figure 2-16 9 pin D-subminiature connector
Connections to Standard 9-pin D-subminiature plug connectors per MIL–C–24308 and DIN 41652
Serial can be used.
Communication
The necessary communication cables are dependent on the type of interface:
Interfaces
• RS232/EIA232: Three-wire or five-wire, twisted and shielded, e.g. interface cable
7XV5100–4.
• RS485/EIA485: Three-wire, twisted and shielded.
• Profibus: Two-wire or four-wire, twisted and shielded:
Wire type A, DIN 19245, part 2 and EN 50170 vol. 2, twisted and shielded,
Wire Resistance: 135 Ω to 165 Ω (f > 100 kHz)
Capacitance: < 30 nF/km (48 nF/mile)
Circuit resistance: < 110 Ω/km (177 Ω/mile)
Conductor diameter: > 0.64 mm
Conductor cross-sectional area: > 0.34 mm2
e.g., SINEC L2 Industrial twisted pair installation wire
(see catalogue 1K 10 “SIMATIC NET, Industrial Communications Networks”).
• Time synchronization: At least two-wire, shielded.
7SA522 Manual 2-15
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2.2 Version of 7SA522 for Panel Surface Mounting
The numerical Distance Protection SIPROTEC® 7SA522 for surface mounting is
enclosed in a 7XP20 housing. 2 housing versions are available, 1/2 und 1/1 (of 19 inch).
The device is fitted into a surface mounting housing.
2.2.1 Housing
The housing consists of a rectangular tube with a rear plate which is specific to the
device version, and a front cover. This housing fitted into a surface mounting housing
and secured with 4 screws, which are located behind screw covering caps at the four
corners of the front cover. Two additional screw covering caps and associated
securing screws, are located at the centre top and bottom of the front cover frame with
the housing size 1/1. The surface mounting housing contains the wiring from the back
plate specific to the device version to the screw terminal.
Guide rail mats which aid the insertion of the modules are mounted on the inside of
the rectangular tube. Connections between the modules and from the modules to the
front cover are established with flat ribbon cables and corresponding plug connectors.
The front cover can be detached after removal of the covers located on the 4 corners
of the front cover and the 4 screws that are then revealed. Housing size 1/1 has 2
additional screw covers located at the centre of the top and bottom of the front cover
frame; accordingly 6 screws must be removed in this case. The front cover has a
membrane keypad containing the control and indication elements required for the user
interface with the device. All terminations to the control and indication elements are
combined by a converter module on the front cover, and routed to the processor
module (CPU) via a plug connector.
The name plate containing the principal data of the device, such as auxiliary supply
voltage, the rated test voltage and the ordering code (MLFB) is located on the external
top of the housing and on the inside of the front cover.
The mechanical dimension drawings are located in Section 10.20.
2-16 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
View of Front Panel 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 11 72 73 74 75
(Housing Size 1/2) 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
11) 11)
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
10) RUN ERROR 7SA522
+$8370(18
0HOGXQJHQ
1)
0HVVZHUWH
9)
2)
MENU
3)
4)
8) LED ESC ENTER
Meldungen F1 7 8 9
7)
Messwerte F2 4 5 6
5)
F3 1 2 3
6) F4 0 +/-
11) 11)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L+ L- 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Figure 2-17 Front view, 7SA522, housing size 1/2, for panel surface mounting, without
optical connections
Referring to the operating and display elements in Figure 2-17:
1. Display (LCD)
The LCD shows processing and device information as text in various lists.
Commonly displayed information includes measured values, counter values,
binary information regarding the condition of circuit breakers, status of the device,
protection information, general reports, and alarms.
2. Navigation keys
These keys serve for navigation through operating menus.
3. MENU key
This key activates the main menu.
4. ESC and ENTER keys
These keys serve to escape from specific menues or execute changes (such as
setting changes).
5. Numerical keys
These keys serve for entry of numerical values, such as limit value settings.
6. Function keys
Four function keys allow the quick and simple execution of frequently used
actions. Typical applications include, for example, jumping to a particular position
in the menu tree such as the fault data in the Trip Log or the measured values. The
function keys are programmable, and may be used to execute control functions
7SA522 Manual 2-17
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
such as closing or tripping circuit breakers. Next to the keypad, a labeling strip is
provided on which the user-specified key functions may be written.
7. 9-pin female D-subminiature connector
This serial interface is for the connection of a local PC running DIGSI® 4.
8. LED key
This key has the dual purpose of resetting latched LEDs and the latched contacts
of output relays, as well as testing all of the LEDs.
9. Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
The function of these indicators can be programmed. There is a vast selection of
signals from which to choose. Some examples are device status, processing or
control information, and binary input or output status. Next to the LEDs on the front
panel, a labeling strip is provided on which the user-specified LED functions may
be written.
10. Operating condition indicators
The two LEDs “RUN” (green) and “ERROR” (red) indicate the operating condition
of the device.
11. Coverings for the screws that secure the front panel.
View of Front Panel The significance of the operating and display elements is the same as explained after
(Housing Size1/1) Figure 2-17.
101102 103104105 106 107108109 110111 112113 114 115116 117118119 120121122123124125126127128 129130 131 132133134 135136137138139 140141 142143144145146 147148149 150
151152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176177 178 179180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187188 189 190 191 192 193194 195 196 197 198 199 200
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
+$8370(18
0HOGXQJHQ
0HVVZHUWH
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
Meldungen F1 7 8 9
Messwerte F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 L+ L- 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 85 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Figure 2-18 Front view of a 7SA522, housing size 1/1, for panel surface mounting, without optical connections
2-18 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
2.2.2 Screw terminal connections
Terminal Blocks All connections to the device are by means of two-tier screw terminals located at the
top and bottom of the surface mounting housing. For the housing size 1/2 there are 100
such terminals and for the housing size 1/1 there are 200 such terminals.
The plug connection module in the device for the current terminals automatically short-
circuits the current transformer circuits when the modules are withdrawn. This does
not reduce necessary care that must be taken when working on the current
transformer secondary circuits.
Connections to Solid conductor or stranded wire with lugs can be used.
Terminals The following specifications must be observed:
Direct cable connections: solid or stranded conductor with connector sleeve
conductor with cross-section of 0.5 mm2 to 7 mm2 (AWG 20 to 9).
Use copper wires only!
Maximum tightening torque: 1.2 Nm (0.9 ft-lb or 10.6 ft-in)).
2.2.3 Connections to Optical Communication Interfaces
Optical Optical communication interfaces may be 1- to 4-channel. The ports are supplied with
Communication caps to protect the optical components against dust or other contaminants. The caps
Interfaces can be removed by turning them 90° to the left.
A maximum of two fibre optic channels are located in each inclined housing. In the
case of device versions with 1 and 2 channels, the inclined housing is located at the
bottom side of the device. With device versions having up to a maximum of 4 fitted
optical channels, there is a second inclined housing mounted to the top side of the
device (refer to Figure 2-19). If no inclined housing is fitted a cover plate is mounted
instead. Unused fibre optic connections are replaced by plastic studs.
7SA522 Manual 2-19
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
Housing for optical communication interfaces, channel D and E
Housing for optical communication interfaces, channel B and C
Figure 2-19 Side view of 7SA522, panel surface mounting, possible optical communication
interfaces
A table indicating the available channel designations B to E is printed onto the inclined
housing. In Figure 2-20 the channels B and C are fitted.
Channel C Channel B
Channel E Channel D
Figure 2-20 Inclined housing with fibre optic connections (example: channel B and C fitted)
For the device variant with the electrical Profibus interface RS485 and DNP3.0 a direct
fibre communication connection in the surface mounting housing is not possible. For
2-20 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Hardware and Connections
this purpose, the inclined housing features a DSUB-socket for electrical connection on
channel B which can be converted externally to optical connection via a separate
electro-optical converter.
Channel C Channel B
Channel E Channel D
Figure 2-21 Inclined housing with fibre optic connection and DSUB socket for Profibus
interface
Connections to Optical connector type: ST–connector
Optical
Communication Fibre type: Multimode graded-index (“G”) optical fibre
Interfaces with G50/125 µm,
ST-connector G62.5/125 µm,
G100/140 µm
Wavelength: λ = 820 nm (approximately)
Allowable bending radius: For indoor cable rmin = 5 cm (2 in)
For outdoor cable rmin = 20 cm (8 in)
Laser class 1 (acc. EN 60825–1) is achieved with fibre type G50/125 µm and
G62.5/125 µm.
Optical Interfaces Optical communication interfaces with FC-connectors are provided with 1 channel or
(FC–Connector) 1 to 2 channels. The ports are supplied with caps to protect the optical components
against dust or other contaminants. They can be removed from the interfaces.
The fibre-optic channels are located in an inclined housing. The inclined housing is at
the top side (channels “D” and “E”), see Figure 2-19).
Fibre-optic connections that are not needed are replaced by plastic studs.
7SA522 Manual 2-21
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Hardware and Connections
Kanal C Kanal B
Kanal E Kanal D
Figure 2-22 Inclined housing with fibre-optic connections (channel D and E fitted)
Connections to Optical connector type: FC–connector
Optical
Communication Fibre type: Monomode
Interfaces with 9/125 µm,
FC–Connectors Wavelength: λ = 1300 nm (approximately)
Allowable bending radius:For indoor cable rmin = 5 cm (2 in)
For outdoor cable rmin = 20 cm (8 in)
2-22 7SA522 Manual
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Hardware and Connections
2.2.4 Connections to Electrical Communication Interfaces
Electrical 9-pin D-subminiature female socket connectors are provided for all electrical
Communication communication interfaces of the 7SA522. The connector is illustrated in Figure 2-19.
Interfaces The pin assignments are described in Sub-section 8.2.1.
Kanal C Kanal B Kanal C Kanal B
Kanal E Kanal D Kanal E Kanal D
Plastic studs
Figure 2-23 Inclined housing with DSUB sockets
Connections to Standard 9-pin D-subminiature plug connectors per MIL–C–24308 and DIN 41652
Serial can be used.
Communication
The necessary communication cables are dependent on the type of interface:
Interfaces
• RS232/EIA232: Three-wire or five-wire, twisted and shielded, e.g. interface cable
7XV5100–4.
• RS485/EIA485: Three-wire, twisted and shielded.
• Profibus: Two-wire or four-wire, twisted and shielded:
Wire type A, DIN 19245, part 2 and EN 50170 vol. 2, twisted and shielded,
Wire Resistance: 135 Ω to 165 Ω (f > 100 kHz)
Capacitance: < 30 nF/km (48 nF/mile)
Circuit resistance: < 110 Ω/km (177 Ω/mile)
Conductor diameter: > 0.64 mm
Conductor cross-sectional area: > 0.34 mm2
e.g., SINEC L2 Industrial twisted pair installation wire
(see catalogue 1K 10 “SIMATIC NET, Industrial Communications Networks”).
7SA522 Manual 2-23
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Hardware and Connections
2-24 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Initial Inspections 3
This Chapter describes the first steps that should be taken upon receiving the
SIPROTEC® 4 7SA522.
Unpacking and re-packing is explained.
Visual and electrical checks that are appropriate for initial inspection are discussed.
The electrical tests include navigating through the operating menus of the device us-
ing the operator control panel on the front of the device, and the operator control win-
dows in DIGSI® 4. For personnel inexperienced with the 7SA522, these checks also
provide a quick and simple method for understanding the operation of the control pan-
el and DIGSI® 4. The electrical tests can be done without measuring quantities being
applied.
Observations relevant to long-term storage of the device are noted.
3.1 Unpacking and Re-packing 3-2
3.2 Inspections upon Receipt 3-3
3.3 User Interface 3-4
3.4 Storage 3-11
7SA522 Manual 3-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Initial Inspections
3.1 Unpacking and Re-packing
The 7SA522 is packaged at the factory to meet the requirements of IEC 60255–21.
Unpacking and packing must be done with usual care, without using force, and with
appropriate tools. Visually check the device immediately upon arrival for correct me-
chanical condition.
Please observe also the brief reference booklet and all notes and hints that are en-
closed in the packaging.
The transport packaging can be reused in the same manner for further transport. Stor-
age packaging alone, for the individual devices, is not sufficient for transport. If alter-
native packaging is used, shock requirements according to IEC 60255–21–1 Class 2
and IEC 60255–21–2 Class 1 must be met.
The device should be in the final operating area for a minimum of two hours before the
power source is first applied. This time allows the device to attain temperature equilib-
rium, and dampness and condensation to be avoided.
3-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Initial Inspections
3.2 Inspections upon Receipt
3.2.1 Inspection of Features and Ratings
Ordering Number Verify that the 7SA522 has the expected features by checking the complete ordering
number with the ordering number codes given in Sub-section A.1 of the Appendix.
Also check that the required and expected accessories are included with the device.
The ordering number of the device is on the nameplate sticker attached to the top of
the housing. The nameplate also indicates the current, voltage, and power supply rat-
ings of the device. A verification that these ratings are the expected values is especial-
ly important. The jumpers for the control voltage of the binary inputs are set at the fac-
tory for a DC control voltage equal to the DC voltage rating of the power supply. The
jumpers can be changed if a different control voltage is to be used.
3.2.2 Electrical Check
Operating conditions that meet VDE 0100/5.73 and VDE 0105 Part 1/7.83, or national
and international standards, are to be observed.
Before applying power supply voltage or any measuring quantities for the first time, be
sure the device has been in the operating area for at least two hours. This time period
allows the device to attain temperature equilibrium, and prevents dampness and con-
densation from occurring.
Warning!
The following inspection steps are done in the presence of dangerous voltages. Only
appropriately qualified personnel familiar with and adhering to safety requirements
and precautionary measures shall perform these steps.
Power-Up For a first electrical inspection of the device it is sufficient to ensure safe grounding of
the housing and to apply the power supply voltage:
o Connect the ground of the device solidly to the ground of the location. The ground of
a 7SA522 designed for flush mounting is on the rear panel; the ground of a device de-
signed for surface mounting is on the terminal with the grounding symbol.
o Prepare the connections to the power supply. Verify that the power supply voltage has
the correct magnitude. Check polarity connections to the device inputs. Follow the ap-
propriate connection diagram in the Appendix, Section A.2.
o Close the protective switches to apply the power supply.
o The green “RUN” LED on the front panel must light after no more than 0.5 second, and
the red “ERROR” LED must go out after no more than 10 seconds.
o After no more than 15 seconds, the start-up messages must vanish from the display
(in which the complete ordering number, the version of firmware implemented, and the
factory number are shown), and the default display must appear. Depending on the
assignment of the LEDs, some indicators may light up during and after power-up.
7SA522 Manual 3-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Initial Inspections
3.3 User Interface
3.3.1 Operation Using the Operator Control Panel
Operator Control The device has a hierarchically structured operating tree, within which movements
Panel and actions are made using the , , , keys and the MENU, ENTER , CTRL and ESC
keys on the front panel.
The brief discussions below illustrate the navigation techniques using the integrated
operations in the operator control panel. Some typical operations are covered. For
easier understanding, the accompanying figures show the entire contents of the men-
us, while only a limited number of lines can be seen in the display at any time.
Reading Ordering To view the complete ordering number of the device, the version of firmware imple-
Number/Version mented, and the serial number:
q When the device is ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 ap-
pears.
q Using the key, select the menu item 6HWWLQJV, and move to the device settings
using the key. The 6(77,1*6 menu appears, as shown in Figure 3-1.
q Using the key, select the menu item 6HWXS([WUDV and switch to the selection
6(783(;75$6 using the key. See Figure 3-2.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
&RQWURO²!
!6HWWLQJV²! 6(77,1*6
7HVW'LDJQRVH²!
'HYLFH&RQILJ²!
0DVNLQJ ,2 ²!
36\VWHP'DWD²!
*URXS$²!
*URXS%²!
*URXS&²!
*URXS'²!
&KDQJH*URXS²!
2VF)DXOW5HF²!
!6HWXS([WUDV²!
'HYLFH²!
Figure 3-1 Main menu and sub-menu 6(77,1*6
q Using the key, select the menu 0/)%9HUVLRQ and view the selection 0/)%
9(56,21 using the key.
The device-specific data appear in two or three lines. Press the key as necessary
to view all of the data:
3-4 7SA522 Manual
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Initial Inspections
6(783(;75$6
'DWH7LPH²!
&ORFN6HWXS²!
6HULDO3RUWV²!
'HYLFH,'²!
!0/)%9HUVLRQ²! 0/)%9(56,21
&RQWUDVW²! 0/)% ;< ²(3
+$
%)²1U
0/)%9(56,21
)LUPZDUH
%RRWV\VWHP
Figure 3-2 Display of device-specific data (example)
Viewing Measured To view the measured values:
Values
q If the main menu is not shown, press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
q Using the key, select the menu item 0HDVXUHPHQW, and move to the measure-
ment values using the key. The 0($685(0(17 sub-menu appears.
q Using the key, select the menu item 2SHUDWLRQVHF (operating measured
values, secondary), and switch to the 23(5$7,216(& sub-menu using the
key.
q Using the and keys, all operating measured values can be viewed.
Since no measured AC voltages or currents are present at this time, all operating
measured values show near zero. Deviations of the last digit are insignificant.
To return to the main menu, press the MENU key once, or repeatedly press the ESC key
or the key.
Viewing Reading the operational messages is described to serve as an additional example.
Operational
Messages
q If the main menu is not shown, press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
q Using the key, select the menu item $QQXQFLDWLRQ, and switch to the annun-
ciations using the key. The $1181&,$7,21 sub-menu appears.
q Using the key, select the menu item (YHQW/RJ, and move to the (9(17/2*
sub-menu using the key.
The last number in the upper right corner of the display indicates the number of oper-
ational messages stored in memory. The number before the slash indicates the mes-
sage presently being displayed. Upon entering the menu, the latest (newest) message
is shown. The date and time of the event are shown in the display line above the mes-
sage.
q Use the key to read other operational messages.
q Press the LED key; all LEDs should illuminate. Press thekey. The newest mes-
sage in the event log should be “5HVHW/('”, and the number of messages in
memory should increase by one (maximum of 200).
To return to the main menu, press the MENU key once, or repeatedly press the ESC key
or the key.
7SA522 Manual 3-5
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Initial Inspections
Setting the Display If the image in the integrated LCD does not have satisfactory contrast, adjustments
Contrast can be made. A stronger contrast serves, among other purposes, to improve the read-
ability of the image from an angle. With increasing numbers, the contrast is increased
and the picture gets darker. If the contrast is too weak or too strong, there is a risk that
the display will be unreadable and that no operation will be possible using the integrat-
ed operator control panel. Therefore, the preset contrast value should only be
changed in small steps (1 or 2 levels).
q When the device is ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 ap-
pears.
q Using the key, select the menu item 6HWWLQJV, and switch to the settings using
the key. The 6(77,1*6 sub-menu appears.
q Using the key, select the menu item 6HWXS([WUDV and switch to the selection
6(783(;75$6 using the key. See Figure 3-3.
q Using the key, select the sub-menu item &RQWUDVW.
q If a change of the contrast of the integrated LCD is desired, press the ENTER key. En-
ter now the password. (000000 = default). The existing setting appears in a frame
with a blinking cursor.
q Overwrite the present setting with the desired setting using the numerical keys. The
setting range is 11 to 22.
q Confirm the change with the ENTER key, or cancel the change with the ESC key.
Exit the sub-menu using the ESC key, or return to the main menu using the MENU key.
6(783(;75$6
'DWH7LPH²!
&ORFN6HWXS²!
6HULDO3RUWV²!
'HYLFH²,'²!
0/)%9HUVLRQ²!
!&RQWUDVW²! ENTER 6(783(;
0/)%9HQ²!
&RQWUDVW²!
Figure 3-3 Operating sub-menu for adjusting the display contrast
3.3.2 Operation Using DIGSI® 4
DIGSI® 4 User DIGSI® 4 has the typical PC application Windows operating environment to guide the
Interface user. The software has a modern, intuitive, user-interface. Further details are found in
Section 4, as well as in the DIGSI® 4 handbook “Device Configuration”.
Some applications of DIGSI® 4 which are described below concern viewing the meas-
urement values, reading messages, and setting the time clock. The handling of the op-
erator control windows of DIGSI® 4 can be learned quickly by following the simple ex-
amples as described below. To perform the steps in the examples, first connect the
SIPROTEC® 4 device to the PC and match the DIGSI® 4 interface data with the equip-
ment. To accomplish this:
q Establish a physical connection between a serial interface of the PC and the oper-
ating serial interface of the device on the front panel.
q Open the DIGSI® 4 application in the PC.
3-6 7SA522 Manual
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Initial Inspections
q Generate a new project by clicking on )LOH → 1HZ in the DIGSI® 4–Manager menu
bar.
Figure 3-4 Dialogue box to open a new project in DIGSI® 4
q Enter a name for the new project in the 1DPH entry field (e.g. test 1) and close the
box with 2..
q Select )ROGHU by clicking on the item in the newly opened window. Then click in
the menu bar the item 'HYLFH and select the option ',*6,!'HYLFH 3OXJ
3OD\ , as shown in Figure 3-5. The Plug & Play dialogue box opens, as shown in
Figure 3-6.
Figure 3-5 Window with selection of Plug and Play
q Enter the designation of the PC serial interface (COM 1,2, 3, or 4) and select in the
dialogue box under )UDPH the transfer format, to be used in making the connection.
q Click on 2.. DIGSI® 4 automatically determines the type of device present and
reads the settings needed for communication (transfer format, transfer speed)
through the interface.
7SA522 Manual 3-7
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Initial Inspections
Figure 3-6 Plug & Play dialogue box for communication between device and PC
A direct connection is then established (on-line), the data are exchanged between the
PC and the device, and the initial screen for DIGSI® 4 opens, as shown on Figure 3-7.
q By double clicking 2QOLQH in the navigation window (left window), the structure
opens (directory tree).
q By clicking on one of the menu items offered there, the associated contents become
visible in the right window.
Figure 3-7 DIGSI® 4 — online initial screen — example
Viewing Measured As an example the procedure for viewing the measured values is described.
Values
q Double click on 0HDVXUHPHQW in the navigation window (left).
q Double click on the subdirectory 6HFRQGDU\9DOXHV in the navigation window.
q Click on 2SHUDWLRQDOYDOXHVVHFRQGDU\.
q The present date and time are shown in the data window (right), as illustrated in Fig-
ure 3-8.
q Double click on this entry in the data window.
3-8 7SA522 Manual
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Initial Inspections
Figure 3-8 DIGSI® 4 — Viewing the secondary operating measured values — example
A table of the secondary operating measured values appears, as shown in Figure 3-9.
Since no measured AC currents or voltages are present at this time, all operating
measured values are close to zero. Deviations of the last digit are insignificant. The
measured values are automatically updated.
In the same manner, other measured and counter values can be read out.
Figure 3-9 DIGSI® 4 — Table of secondary operating measured values – example
Viewing The read-out of operating messages is described to serve as an additional example.
Operational
Messages
q Double click on $QQXQFLDWLRQ in the navigation window.
q Click on (YHQW/RJ in the function selection.
The present date and time are shown in the data window.
q Double click on this entry in the data window.
A table of the accumulated event messages is displayed. See Figure 3-10as an ex-
ample. The number designation for an event is provided with a description of the mes-
sage. The corresponding cause, value (ON or OFF), and date and time of the event
are given. The events are listed chronologically; the newest message is shown first.
7SA522 Manual 3-9
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Initial Inspections
Figure 3-10 DIGSI® 4 — Operational messages window — example
q Press the LED key on the device; all LEDs should light while the key is pressed.
q The message “Reset LED” appears as the newest message as soon as the window
is updated. The window can be updated by clicking on 9LHZ in the menu bar, and
then on 5HIUHVK. Pressing the F5 function key on the keyboard also updates the
window.
The operating messages can be saved in DIGSI® 4, and also deleted from the de-
vice’s memory as described in Sub-section 7.1.1.
Setting Date and To enter the date and time:
Time
q Click on 'HYLFH in the menu bar. See Figure 3-11.
q Select 6HW&ORFN.
Figure 3-11 DIGSI® 4 — Selection of the option 6HW&ORFN - example
The dialog field 6HWFORFN GDWHLQGHYLFH opens. The field shows the present
date and the approximate present time according to the device. The day of the week
is automatically derived from the date and cannot be edited.
3-10 7SA522 Manual
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Initial Inspections
• Edit the input fields 'DWH and 7LPH. The format depends on your regional settings
of the PC. See Figure 3-12.
Date: mm/dd/yyyy or dd.mm.yyyyy
Time: hh.mm.ss
Click 2. to download the entered values to the device. The former values are
changed and the dialog field is closed.
Figure 3-12 DIGSI® 4 — Dialog Field: 6HWFORFN GDWHLQGHYLFH
3.4 Storage
If the device is to be stored, note:
SIPROTEC® 4 devices and associated assemblies should be stored in dry and clean
rooms, with a maximum temperature range of –25° C to +55° C (–12° F to 131° F).
See Sub-section 10.1.7 under Technical Data. To avoid premature aging of the elec-
trolyte capacitors in the power supply, a temperature range of +10° C to +35° C (50° F
to 95° F), is recommended for storage.
The relative humidity must not lead to condensation or ice buildup.
After extended storage, the power supply of the device should be energized, approx-
imately every two years, for one or two days to regenerate the electrolytic capacitors
in the power supply. This procedure should also be done prior to the device being put
in service. Under extreme climatic conditions (tropics), pre-warming is achieved at the
same time, and condensation is prevented.
After long storage, power should not be applied until the device has been in the oper-
ating area for a minimum of two hours. This time period allows the device to attain tem-
perature equilibrium, and prevents dampness and condensation from occurring.
For energy-saving reasons the buffer battery switches off automatically after 1 to 2
days without auxiliary voltage.
n
7SA522 Manual 3-11
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Initial Inspections
3-12 7SA522 Manual
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices 4
This chapter provides an overview of the family of SIPROTEC® 4 devices and the in-
tegration of the devices into power plants and substation control systems. Principle
procedures are introduced for setting the devices, controlling primary equipment with
the devices, and performing general operations with the devices.
Please note the SIPROTEC® 4 family of devices is described in general in this chap-
ter, and the examples shown may differ in detail from a specific device. Also, depend-
ing on the type and version of a specific device, some of the functions discussed may
not be available.
Details about the extent of the functions of the devices, the individual settings, and the
representation structure of the system data are found in the following chapters and the
DIGSI® 4 instruction book.
4.1 General 4-2
4.2 Operator Control Facilities 4-5
4.3 Information Retrieval 4-8
4.4 Control 4-14
4.5 Manual Overwrite / Tagging 4-16
4.6 General about the Setting Procedures 4-17
4.7 Configuration of the Scope of Device Functions 4-20
4.8 Configuration of Inputs and Outputs (Configuration Matrix) 4-21
4.9 Programmable Logic CFC 4-24
4.10 Power System Data 4-26
4.11 Setting Groups 4-27
4.12 General Device Settings 4-29
4.13 Time Synchronization 4-30
4.14 Serial Interfaces 4-31
4.15 Passwords 4-33
7SA522 Manual 4-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.1 General
The SIPROTEC® 4 family is an innovative product series of numerical protective and
control devices with open communication interfaces for remote control and remote
setting, ergonomically designed operator panels, and highly flexible functionality.
4.1.1 Protection and Control
The devices utilize numerical measuring techniques. Complete numerical signal
processing offers high measurement accuracy and long-term consistency, as well as
reliable handling of harmonics and transients. Digital filtering techniques and adaptive
stabilization of measured values ensure the highest security in establishing the devic-
es’ correct responses. Device errors are recognized and quickly annunciated by inte-
grated self-monitoring routines. Failure of protection during a fault is therefore almost
entirely prevented.
You may choose devices with separate protective and process control functions, or
select a solution that implements both requirements.
The following solutions are available:
q Protection and control in separate devices,
q Protective devices that provide the capability to control the circuit breaker or primary
switching device through a communication interface,
q Devices with combined features that, in addition to protective functions, allow on-
site operation for several circuit breakers and primary switching devices and that
provide extensive substation control functions.
4.1.2 Communication
SIPROTEC® 4 devices are completely suited for the requirements of modern commu-
nication technology. They have interfaces that allow for integration into higher-level
control centres, and user friendly operation through an on-site PC or via a modem con-
nection. Simple, comfortable device setup and operation are provided.
SIPROTEC® 4 devices support the widespread, internationally accepted communica-
tion standards
q IEC 60870-5-103,
q PROFIBUS FMS,
q DNP 3.0 Level 2,
q MODBUS ASCII/RTU,
q PROFIBUS DP and
q UCA II / Ethernet (future)
4-2 7SA522 Manual
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
Operation and Observation To Network Control Centers
IEC60870-5-101
SICAM WinCC
DIGSI 4
DCF, GPS
Time Synchronization
SICAM SC
IEC60870-5-103
Profibus FMS
Feeder Devices
Profibus DP, DNP3.0
Figure 4-1 Integration of feeder devices in substation control system — example
In the sample configuration in Figure 4-1, data transmitted from the feeder devices can
be processed in the sub-station control device SICAM SC, displayed at the operating
and observation station SICAM WinCC, and transferred by the remote terminal unit
interfaces (via the network channels) to network control centres (SCADA).
In the case when commands are sent to the devices, equally flexible processing is
possible; that is, substation switching operations can be initiated from the network
control centres, as well as from the operation and observation unit of the substation
control system.
Note:
All SIPROTEC® 4 devices also operate with the proven star coupler (e.g. 7XV5). Thus,
for simple applications, you can retrieve all information from your office or while on the
road.
7SA522 Manual 4-3
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
The PROFIBUS DP protocol facilitates the connection of SIPROTEC®–devices to
SPS-based process control systems (e.g. SIMATIC S5/S7). The protocols DNP3.0
and MODBUS ASCII/RTU allow the connection to a wide range of control systems by
other manufacturers.
4.1.3 Settings
The devices in the SIPROTEC® 4 family are delivered with default settings. After set-
tings are made for specific applications, the devices are suitable for direct use in power
systems.
The windows-based DIGSI® 4 software program offers an application-oriented inter-
face with thorough guidance for quick and simple setting of the devices.
DIGSI® 4 is installed on a normal personal computer. For local use, the PC is connect-
ed to the operating serial interface on the front panel of the device.
4.1.4 Operations
All on-site operations of a SIPROTEC® 4 device can be done with DIGSI® 4. Exam-
ples of operations are switching, retrieval of information, or changing of setting groups.
These operations can also be performed using the operator control panel on the front
of the SIPROTEC® 4 device.
4.1.5 Oscillographic Fault Records
DIGSI® 4 can also be used to retrieve oscillographic fault data captured by the
SIPROTEC® 4 device. The DIGRA® 4 software program can then be used to provide
several different graphical representations of the captured signals. DIGRA® 4 also cal-
culates additional values on the basis of the captured signals. The program presents
the data in analogue curves with time base, phasor diagrams, locus diagrams, and
harmonic charts.
4-4 7SA522 Manual
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.2 Operator Control Facilities
4.2.1 Operator Control Panel On Device
The operating panels of SIPROTEC® 4 devices are ergonomically designed and easy
to read. The operating panels allow on-site control operations to be done, individual
settings to be entered, and all information required for operations to be displayed.
The operating panel contains either a full graphical display or a four-line display, de-
pending on the specific device of the SIPROTEC® 4 family.
Operating Panel
with Four-Line
Display
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
MAIN MENU 01/05
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
Annunciation 1
Measurement 2
MAIN MENU 01/04
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SJ61/62
Annunciation 1
MENU
Measurement 2
MAIN MENU 01/05
Annunciation 1
MENU
Measuremen 2
LED ESC ENTER Trip MENU
Pickup A
Event Log Pickup B
F1 7 8 9
Pickup C
Operation.
F2 4 5 6 LED Pickup GND ESC ENTER
Pri
Device faulty
F3 1 2 3
Meldungen F1 7 8 9
F4 0 +/-
Meßwerte
LED F2 4 5 6 ESC ENTER
F3 1 2 3
Event Log F1 7 8 9
F4 Operation. 0 +/-
Pri F2 4 5 6
Trip Log F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Figure 4-2 SIPROTEC® 4 Device, operator control panel with four-line display — examples
Note:
Refer to Chapter 2 to determine the type of operating field for your specific
SIPROTEC®4 device.
7SA522 Manual 4-5
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
The functions of the operating and display elements on the operator control panel are
described below.
Display Process and device information are displayed in the LCD display. Commonly dis-
played information includes circuit breaker status, measured values, counter values,
binary information regarding the condition of the device, protection information, gen-
eral messages, and alarms.
The light for the display is normally off. The light automatically turns on whenever a
key is pressed on the operating field. If no input from the operator control panel occurs
for ten minutes, then the light turns off again. The light can be controlled via a binary
input that is configured (programmed) for this purpose.
Keys The keys have various functions.
q Navigation through the operating menus of the device and movement within the op-
erator control display are accomplished with the , , , keys.
q The main menu is opened with the MENU key.
q Changes are cancelled or confirmed with the ESC and ENTER keys, respectively.
q Numerical values are entered with the 0 to 9 keys, the . key for a decimal
point, and the +/– key for a negative sign. If a value of infinity (∞) is desired, press
the decimal point key twice; ∞ appears in the display.
q The F1 to F4 keys are programmable. The keys are typically used to execute com-
monly performed actions. Labelling strips are provided.
q Latched LEDs and output relays are reset and the group of LEDs are tested with
the LED key.
LEDs q “RUN” and “ERROR” LEDs indicate the condition of the device.
q All other LEDs are freely configured to indicate process information, status, events,
etc. Labelling strips are provided.
Operating Serial Local communication with the device is established through the front operating serial
Interface interface with a PC running DIGSI® 4. The interface on the device is a 9-pin, female,
D-subminiature port.
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4.2.2 DIGSI® 4 Tool
DIGSI® 4 uses the familiar Windows operating environment.
User Guide In DIGSI® 4 only the settings that are available within a specific device are shown in
the specific windows. If a protective feature is changed from disabled to enabled in the
Device Configuration, then the settings relevant to that feature become available.
Entering settings for SIPROTEC® 4 devices is easy due to many types of assistance
offered, such as context menus, pop-up lists for the selection of available options, and
specific limits for the entry of numerical values.
Configuring A configuration matrix is used to assign the binary inputs, output relays, and LEDs. In-
Inputs and Outputs formation to be stored in the various buffers and transmitted via the system interface
is also selected in this matrix. The setting options are presented in an easy-to-read
tabular format. Parts of the matrix can be minimized or expanded as desired to simplify
the displayed sections, and therefore the setting process. Filter functions can reduce
the size of the matrix to display only relevant information.
Passwords Password entry is required for tasks such as changing settings, executing control
commands, or exercising the test and diagnostics features. The passwords protect
against unauthorized access to these critical tasks.
Commissioning DIGSI® 4 simplifies commissioning with test functions for the binary inputs, outputs
Aids and LEDs. Control of primary equipment can be done. The measured values of the
device can be viewed with the program. Oscillographic fault records can be triggered
with DIGSI® 4.
Help System The help system clarifies the individual functions and settings, and provides additional
support.
Note:
Detailed information about DIGSI® 4 can be found in the DIGSI® 4 Manual, order
number E50417-H1176-C097.
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.3 Information Retrieval
A SIPROTEC® 4 device has an abundance of information that can be used to obtain
an overview of the present and past operating conditions of the device and the portion
of the power system being protected or controlled by the device. The information is
represented in separate groups:
q Annunciations,
q Measurements,
q Oscillographic fault records.
Remote If the device is integrated into a substation control system, then information transfer
can take place, via a connection to the system interface of the SIPROTEC® 4 device,
to:
q higher level control systems, or
q substation control devices, e.g. SICAM SC.
Local On site, the operator control panel of the SIPROTEC® 4 device can be used to retrieve
information.
DIGSI® 4 Information retrieval is simple and fast when DIGSI® 4 is used. For local use, connect
a PC to the operating serial interface at the front of the SIPROTEC® 4 device. For re-
mote retrieval of information, communication occurs via a modem connected to the
service serial interface. DIGSI® 4 must operate in the Online mode to obtain informa-
tion from the device.
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4.3.1 Annunciations
The scope of the indication (messages) that are given under Annunciation is deter-
mined when settings for the configuration of functions are applied to the SIPROTEC®
device.
The messages are divided into the following categories, and displayed using DIGSI® 4
or the operator control panel of the device:
q Event Log: Operating messages: independent of network faults, e.g. messages
about switching operations or monitoring functions;
q Trip Log: Fault messages;
q General interrogation: display of present condition messages;
q Spontaneous messages; continuous display of important messages from the de-
vice; e.g., after faults, switching operations, etc.
Figure 4-3 DIGSI® 4, annunciations – example
Display in DIGSI® 4 To view the indications in DIGSI® 4 2QOLQH:
• Select $QQXQFLDWLRQ in the navigation (left) window.
All annunciation groups are shown in the data (right) window.
• Double click on an annunciation group in the data window, such as (YHQW/RJ.
The data and time appear. Double click on the entry. The list of indications appears.
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Display on To display messages in the operating field of the SIPROTEC® 4 device:
the Device
• Select 0DLQ0HQX → $QQXQFLDWLRQ →
e.g. (YHQW/RJ or 7ULS/RJ.
0$,10(18
!$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
!0HDVXUHPHQW²! $1181&,$7,21
!(YHQW/RJ²!
!7ULS/RJ²!
(9(17/2*
5HVHW/('21
Figure 4-4 SIPROTEC® 4, device display of operating messages in the event log — ex-
ample
75,3/2*
!/DVW)DXOW²! /$67)$8/7
!QG/DVW)DXOW²!
1HWZRUN)DXOW21
Figure 4-5 SIPROTEC® 4, device display of fault messages— example
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.3.2 Measurements
The registered measured values are classified into the following categories for display
in DIGSI® 4 or on the operating field of the device:
q Primary values, based on the measured secondary values and the settings entered
for the current transformers and voltage transformers.
q Secondary values, which are the measured values or are derived from the meas-
ured values.
q Percentage values, relative to nominal ratings.
q Other values calculated by the device, e.g. thermal values or user-defined values.
q Statistics values.
Figure 4-6 DIGSI® 4 measured value display — example
Display in DIGSI® 4 To display the measured values in the DIGSI® 4 2QOLQH:
• Select 0HDVXUHPHQW in the navigation (left) window. The measured value groups
appear in the data (right) window.
• Double click on a group, for example 3ULPDU\9DOXHV.
• Double click on the next item in the data window, 2SHUDWLRQDOYDOXHVSUL
PDU\ in the example. The date and time appear.
• Double click on the date and time, and the measured values appear.
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
Display on To display the measured values in the operating field of the SIPROTEC® 4 device:
the Device
• Select 0DLQ0HQX → 0HDVXUHPHQW →
e.g. 2SHUDWLRQSUL.
0$,10(18
!$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
!0HDVXUHPHQW²! 0($685(0(17
!2SHUDWLRQSUL²!
!2SHUDWLRQVHF²!
0($685(0(17
!2SHUDWLRQSUL²! 23(5$7,2135,
!2SHUDWLRQVHF²!
!,/ $
!,/ $
Figure 4-7 SIPROTEC® 4, device display of measured values — example
Note:
Measured values can also be displayed in the default display and the control display.
Prior to this the measured values to be indicated have to be configured in the config-
uration matrix under settings in DIGSI ® 4. Then their position within the LCD displays
can be designed using the Display Editor.
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4.3.3 Oscillographic Fault Records
As an option, SIPROTEC® 4 devices can have waveform capturing and event record-
ing. Furthermore, the elements that are shown in the fault records can be selected by
the user.
The fault record data are retrieved from the device memory by DIGSI® 4 and are
stored as oscillographic records in standard COMTRADE format.
The DIGRA® 4 program is used to convert the oscillographic data into graphical rep-
resentations that can be used to analyse the fault or the event captured by the device.
DIGRA® 4 calculates additional values from the waveform data, e.g. impedances and
rms values, and displays the captured and calculated values in:
q analogue curves with timebase (time signals),
q phasor diagrams,
q locus diagrams, and
q harmonic graphs.
Figure 4-8 DIGRA® 4 graphical representations of the waveform data — view examples
Details can be found in the DIGSI® 4 manual, order number E50417-H1176-C097,
and the DIGRA® 4 manual, order number E50417-H1176-C070.
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4.4 Control
The multiple application possibilities for SIPROTEC® 4 devices allow an equally flex-
ible concept for command processing and control.
Remote If the device is integrated into a master control system, then command outputs can be
remotely controlled via the system interface using telegrams from
q Higher-level control systems, or
q substation control devices such as SICAM SC.
Local On-site, the SIPROTEC® 4 device offers the possibility to control a circuit breaker or
primary switching equipment using the operator control panel.
For devices with a four-line display, switching operations are controlled using:
• 0DLQPHQX → &RQWURO → %UHDNHU6ZLWFK → &RQWURO → Equipment and in-
tended direction 21 or 2)) (Figure 4-9), or
• The Function Keys F1 to F4.
The functionality of these keys is programmable.
0$,10(18
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
!&RQWURO²! &21752/
!%UHDNHU6ZLWFK²!
!7DJJLQJ²!
&21752/
!%UHDNHU6ZLWFK²! %5($.(56:,7&+
!7DJJLQJ²!
!'LVSOD\²!
!&RQWURO²!
Figure 4-9 On-site control using the operator control panel
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The status of a primary switch can be read out on the display using %5($.(56:,7&+
→ 'LVSOD\ (Figure 4-10).
%5($.(56:,7&+
!'LVSOD\²! ',63/$<
!&RQWURO²!
!%UHDNHU23(1
'LVF6ZLW&/26
Figure 4-10 Determining primary switch status using the operator control panel
DIGSI® 4 Control operations can be carried out using the DIGSI® 4 Tool. Connect a PC to the
operating interface of the device on site, or communicate with the SIPROTEC® device
using a modem and the service interface.
DIGSI® 4 must operate in the Online mode for this function.
• Select &RQWURO in the Navigation window and double click on %UHDNHU
6ZLWFKHV in the data window.
In the dialogue window that follows, all relevant primary switching equipment is dis-
played in a table with the present status.
• Enter the intended switching direction in the Scheduled column. Answer the ques-
tion with <HV.
The password is requested, the interlocking conditions are checked, and the com-
mand is issued.
Note:
The control option of DIGSI® 4 is typically used during commissioning, and for test and
diagnostic purposes.
CFC Using the graphically supported design tool CFC for logic functions in DIGSI® 4, infor-
mation can be logically combined. Command outputs can be derived from the output
of logic functions. The link of the output of the CFC functions to the respective device
outputs is determined in the configuration matrix.
Passwords Only authorized personnel can perform switching operations. Switching operations
are protected by passwords.
Interlocking Command outputs may be subject to interlocking checks, which can be configured in-
dividually and graphically using the CFC logic too. Standard interlocking, such as
ground switch closed status indication, may be already contained in the basic settings
of certain device types when delivered from the factory.
Command Process- Details about the command output time, checkback indication monitoring time, etc.,
ing Times are entered within the framework of the settings.
Event Recording All switching operations are recorded in the message list with date and time.
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4.5 Manual Overwrite / Tagging
Manual Overwrite If the breaker/switch position is not available from the switch-gear, the status of the
switchgear device can be manually set to the actual present position using the opera-
tor control panel: 0DLQ0HQX → &RQWURO → %UHDNHU6ZLWFK → 0DQ2YHU
ZULWH. The simulated switching status is used for interlocking checks, and for auto-
matically initiated switching operations.
Set Status For convenience during commissioning or at other times, decoupling of the informa-
tion exchange between the switchgear and the protective device may be desired for a
short period, without disconnecting the wires. This function is activated using the op-
erator control panel: 0DLQ0HQX → &RQWURO → %UHDNHU6ZLWFK → 6HW6WDWXV.
Tagging To identify unusual operating conditions in the power system, tagging can be done.
The tagging can, for example, be entered as additional operating conditions in inter-
locking checks, which are set up with CFC. Tagging is configured in the same way as
for operating devices.
• The status of the tagging is displayed on the operating panel, 0DLQ0HQX → &RQ
WURO → 7DJJLQJ → 'LVSOD\ (Figure 4-11),
or changed using
• 0DLQ0HQX → &RQWURO → 7DJJLQJ → 6HW.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
&RQWURO²! &21752/
%UHDNHU6ZLWFK²!
7DJJLQJ²! 7$**,1*
,QWHUORFN²!
'LVSOD\²!
6HW²!
Figure 4-11 Tagging equipment from the operator control panel
Note:
The Manual Overwrite function is always done using the operator control panel on the
SIPROTEC® 4 devices.
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4.6 General about the Setting Procedures
The SIPROTEC® 4 devices are delivered with standard default settings. Changes to
the settings are done with DIGSI® 4.
The setting procedure for a SIPROTEC® 4 device consists of
q Overall Protection and Control Design:
q determining the functions that are to be used (device configuration),
q assigning the binary inputs, outputs, LEDs, buffers, system port, etc. (I/O-configu-
ration
q defining user-definable logic functions (CFC).
q Specific Settings:
q settings for all elements to be used,
q settings of the protective functions,
q settings of the process control functions.
Settings are first done Off-line. The settings are then loaded into the SIPROTEC® 4
device on-site using the operating serial interface, or remotely by modem and the
service interface.
Figure 4-12 Setting a SIPROTEC® 4 device using DIGSI® 4 – example
The transfer of data from DIGSI® 4 to the SIPROTEC® 4 device is indicated in the dis-
play. The progress of the transfer is displayed. See Figure 4-13.
7SA522 Manual 4-17
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
/2$'3$5$0(7(5
'RZQORDGDFWLYH
Figure 4-13 Screen of Device during Settings Transfer
Setting Sequence When setting a SIPROTEC® 4 device, adhere to the following sequence:
q Specify the interfaces, the device data, and the time synchronization,
q Determine the device functions to be used,
q Carry out routing
q Design the assignment of the inputs and outputs using the configuration matrix,
q Design all of the special logic that is to be employed using CFC (optional),
q Enter the power system data,
q Apply the settings to groups A to D (groups B to D optional),
q Set the passwords.
Setting steps partially build on the decisions from the previous steps. By following the
sequence listed, unnecessary changes and rework are avoided. The sequence en-
sures that information required for an individual step will be available.
To design the control display, for example, the physical connections between the de-
vice and the primary equipment must be known. These connections are determined
and setup during configuration of the inputs and outputs in the matrix. During the dis-
play design, simply select the relevant available equipment indications, and assign
these indications with selected graphic symbols.
Note:
Changes to the configuration matrix and the control display are protected by password
No. 7 (Password for parameter set).
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Settings for Setting changes to individual protective elements and functions can be done using the
Protective operator control panel on the SIPROTEC® 4 device.
Elements
Other settings such as input/output and device configuration can be viewed from the
front panel, but not changed.
• Display the settings on the LCD using 0DLQ0HQX → 6HWWLQJV →
e.g. 0DVNLQJ ,2 .
• Change settings such as date and time using 0DLQ0HQX → 6HWWLQJV → 6HWXS
([WUDV.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
&RQWURO²!
6HWWLQJV²! 6(77,1*6
7HVW'LDJQRVH²!
'HYLFH&RQILJ²!
0DVNLQJ ,2 ²!
36\VWHP'DWD²!
*URXS$²!
*URXS%²!
*URXS&²!
*URXS'²!
&KDQJH*URXS²!
2VF)DXOW5HF²!
6HWXS([WUDV²!
'HYLFH²!
$FWLYH*URXSLV $
Figure 4-14 Changing settings using the operator control panel — example
Note:
Changes to the individual settings are protected by Password No. 5 (Password for
single settings).
7SA522 Manual 4-19
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.7 Configuration of the Scope of Device Functions
The individual devices within the SIPROTEC® 4 family can be supplied with various
protective functions. The ordering number of the device determines the available func-
tions. The functions are specified more precisely through the process of enabling and
disabling in the Device Configuration area of the settings.
To specify the active functions using DIGSI® 4:
• Double click on 'HYLFH&RQILJXUDWLRQ in the data window.
• Click on the individual fields and select the functions to be enabled.
Figure 4-15 DIGSI® 4, setting the device configuration — example
The device configuration can be viewed from the operator control panel on the
SIPROTEC® 4 device.
• In the main menu, select 6HWWLQJV → 'HYLFH&RQILJ.
'(9,&(&21),*
3KDVH'LVWDQFH
4XDGULODWHUDO
Figure 4-16 Viewing device configuration from the operator control panel — example
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.8 Configuration of Inputs and Outputs (Configuration Matrix)
A configuration matrix is used to determine processing of the binary inputs, outputs,
LEDs, and indication buffers.
Configuration is performed with DIGSI® 4.
The configuration matrix is primarily divided into the following columns:
q Device functions
q Information, e.g. indications or command with
q information number, identification of the information,
q display text, representative brief text of the information on the device display,
q long text, extensive description of the information,
q type, identification of the information, e.g. CF_D2 double command with feedback
indication;
q Source, that is, origin of the information with
q binary inputs, for the input of binary information
q function keys, freely programmable keys on the operating field, e.g. assigned
switching operations, etc. as the origin of the information,
q CFC (programmable logic), user-specific logic outputs as the origin of the informa-
tion;
q Destination of the information, with
q binary outputs for the output of signals,
q LED, display of information on the device front, e.g. messages,
q system interface, transmission of information, e.g. to a substation control system,
q CFC (programmable logic), information as an input to a user-specified logic,
q buffer, in which the information should be entered,
– event log or
– earth fault message
– trip log,
q display, information shown in
– control display
– default display
q control menu, primary device can be controlled or tagging can be set.
The user determines the configurations by
q clicking on the appropriate column, or by
q Using the context menu: L (latched), U (unlatched), H (activate high),
L (activate low), (not configured), (configured) etc.
DIGSI® 4 checks the entry for plausibility and locks the input field if necessary. A
locked input field is shown in gray.
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Figure 4-17 DIGSI® 4, Input/Output Masking with the Configuration Matrix, Example
Filter Functions With the use of filters, either all information can be displayed or a selection can be
done according to indications, commands, or measured values.
Additionally, there is a filter setting that differentiates between information configured
and not configured.
The filters allows for a quick overview and simple checking of the configuration set-
tings.
Also, columns and rows can be temporarily hidden from view, so that you can view
only the sections of the total matrix that are relevant.
New Information A further function of the configuration matrix is the capability to define new information.
This is accomplished by inserting a new line, defining the appropriate information type,
and assigning it to a source and a destination. The new information can also be dis-
played in the LCD of the SIPROTEC® 4 device after it has been downloaded to the
device.
Function Keys The function keys on the operator control panel of the SIPROTEC® 4 device can be
assigned to commonly performed operating functions, e.g. initiation of a switching op-
eration. Select the appropriate function key F1 to F4 in the Source F column for the
related information (e.g. switching command).
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
CFC SIPROTEC® 4 device information can be connected in a user-specified manner using
the programmable logic components of the DIGSI® 4 CFC. For example, the user can
implement interlocking checks, create grouped messages, or derive limit value viola-
tion messages.
Information can be both a source and a destination in combined CFC editing. The spe-
cific logic’s inputs, e.g. the individual messages that are to be combined to form a
grouped message, must be marked in the Destination C column. The logic’s output,
the grouped message in this example, is derived from the Source C column.
Viewing the Config- The configuration can be seen on the operating panel of the SIPROTEC® 4 device.
uration on the
• In the main menu, select 6HWWLQJV → 0DVNLQJ ,2 .
Operating Panel
0$6.,1* ,2
!%LQDU\,QSXWV²!
!/('²!
• In the next menu, select 0DVNLQJ ,2 → e.g. %LQDU\,QSXWV.
%,1$5<,13876
!%LQDU\,QSXW²!²
!%LQDU\,QSXW²!²
Figure 4-18 Reading the configuration using the operator control panel, example assignment
of binary input 2
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.9 Programmable Logic CFC
The CFC program in DIGSI® 4 can be used to create additional logic in SIPROTEC®
4 devices. For example, special interlocking conditions for controlled equipment can
be designed. Limit checks for measured values can be created, and corresponding
control can be designed.
SIPROTEC® 4 devices may have some CFC functions set at the factory, according to
the type and version of the device.
User-defined CFC functions are done in graphical form. Generic logic modules (AND,
OR, NAND, etc.) and analog modules that are specially created for the requirements
of process control engineering (e.g., MAX, MIN, etc.) are available.
The CFC-modules are combined to form complete CFC-logic functions in order to
q perform system-specific checks (e.g. interlocking),
q generate messages if measured values approach a critical value, or
q build group messages for transfer to a substation control systems.
Figure 4-19 DIGSI® 4, CFC basic options — example
CFC Designing Figure 4-20 shows the graphical nature of the CFC logic tool, and some of the com-
ponents that can be used to build the logic.
Note:
CFC settings are protected in DIGSI® 4 by Password No. 7 (Password for parameter
set).
Details about designing with the CFC program can be found in the instruction book,
order number E50417-H1176-C098.
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
Figure 4-20 CFC Logic — example
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4.10 Power System Data
Power System In the window for Power System Data 1, important settings are entered that relate to
Data 1 the power system and primary equipment connected to the device. The settings in-
clude:
q system data such as frequency, voltage, etc.
q data for the main current transformers and voltage transformers,
q circuit breaker or primary switch-gear information.
Figure 4-21 DIGSI® 4 setting the power system data — example
Power System Power System Data 2 are part of the setting groups, which can be switched over dur-
Data 2 ing operation (see chapter 4.11). These include for example:
q Primary Operating Voltage
q Primary Operating Current
q Characteristic Data of the protected object etc.
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4.11 Setting Groups
A SIPROTEC® 4 device has up to four setting groups A through D. The setting options
for each group are the same; however, the applied settings can be, and are typically
intended to be, different in each group. The active setting group can easily be changed
while the device is in-service. A major advantage of multiple setting groups is the ca-
pability of optimizing the protection and control for the existing configuration of the net-
work being protected. In other words, the protection and control can be changed as
the network changes.
The setting groups are saved in the device. The setting groups can be changed during
operation using DIGSI® 4, from the operator control panel on the device, by triggering
binary inputs, or via the system interface.
Figure 4-22 DIGSI® 4, Entering Settings in Setting Group A; Other Groups are Similar
Note:
Settings that are common to all protective functions, of one setting group are available
in Power System Data 2.
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Settings Double click on a protective function shown in the listbox of Figure 4-22 to obtain a
dialogue box for entering the settings associated with this function (Figure 4-23).
Figure 4-23 DIGSI® 4, entering settings for a protective function — example
Changing Setting The setting groups can be changed during operation using DIGSI® 4, from the opera-
Groups tor control panel on the device, by triggering binary inputs, or via the system interface.
The active setting group is indicated.
&+$1*(*5283
$&7,9(*5283
*URXS$
&+$1*(WR
*URXS$
*URXS$
*URXS%
*URXS&
*URXS'
%LQDU\,QSXW
,(&²²
Figure 4-24 SIPROTEC® 4 device, changing setting groups on the operator control panel
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.12 General Device Settings
The settings of the display to show information of network faults on the LEDs and the
LCD on the front of the SIPROTEC® 4 device are defined in the DIGSI® 4 window
shown in Figure 4-25.
Figure 4-25 DIGSI® 4, general device settings (targets) — example
The setting can also be changed at any time using the operator control panel on the
SIPROTEC® 4 device: 0DLQ0HQX → 6HWWLQJV → 'HYLFH.
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4.13 Time Synchronization
Time tracking in a SIPROTEC® 4 device can be implemented using:
q DCF77 Radio Receiver (Time Signal from PTB Braunschweig),
q IRIG-B Radio Receiver (Time Signal from the global positioning satellite (GPS) sys-
tem),
q signals via the system interface from, for example, a substation control system,
q radio clock using a system-specific synchronizer box,
q minute impulses on a binary input.
Time signal generators are connected via a 9-pin D-subminiature port on the back
panel of the device.
Setting of the time synchronization is done exclusively with DIGSI® 4:
• Double click on 7LPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ in the data window and enter the set-
tings.
Figure 4-26 DIGSI® 4, setting of the time synchronization — example
Read-out on the Using the SIPROTEC® 4 device operator control panel, the time synchronization set-
Operator Control tings can be retrieved: 0DLQ0HQX → 6HWWLQJV → 6HWXS([WUDV → &ORFN6HW
Panel XS.
6(783(;75$6
'DWH7LPH²!
&ORFN6HWXS²! &/2&.6(783
6HULDO3RUWV²!
'HYLFH,'²! 2IIVHWPLQ
0/)%9HUVLRQ²! (UURU7LPHPLQ
&RQWUDVW²! 6RXUFH,QWHUQDO
Figure 4-27 Read-out of time synchronization settings from the operator control panel
4-30 7SA522 Manual
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.14 Serial Interfaces
Devices in the SIPROTEC® 4 family can be equipped with up to four serial interfaces.
q The system interface on the back panel of the device is for connection to a central
master control system. Depending on the type and the version of the device the fol-
lowing protocols are available:
• IEC 60870–5–103,
• PROFIBUS FMS,
• PROFIBUS DP,
• DNP3.0 Level 2,
• MODBUS ASCII/RTU
q The time control interface on the back panel of the device is used for connection of
a radio-controlled clock (see Section 4.13).
q The operating interface is used for on-site connection to a PC, on which DIGSI® 4
is installed. Via this interface the settings can be loaded and all DIGSI® 4 operations
can be applied, e.g. read-out of oscillographic fault records or event logs.
q The service interface on the back panel is for connection to a PC of remote diag-
nostic facilities, e.g. DIGSI® 4 via modem and/or a star connection. All DIGSI® 4 op-
erations are possible via this interface.
In the DIGSI® 4 interface settings window (under “Serial Ports”) there are, among oth-
er items, settings for:
− transmission protocols and
− transmission speeds.
Note:
The system interface can be equipped with different modules for connection to other
devices via optical fibres, RS485 (EIA485) bus or RS232 interface.
An example of how to proceed during the configuration of an IEC-interface is shown
on the next page. In Chapter 5 there are more examples concerning the configuration
of protocols.
7SA522 Manual 4-31
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
To set the framing and baud rate:
• Double click on 6HULDO3RUWV in the data window and enter the specific settings
in the window that follows.
Figure 4-28 DIGSI® 4, Interface Settings Window
• Read-out on the
Operator Control Panel
The interface settings can be checked using the SIPROTEC® 4 device operator con-
trol panel.
In the main menu, select 6HWWLQJV → 6HWXS([WUDV → 6HULDO3RUWV → follow-
ing menus.
6(783(;75$6
'DWH7LPH²!
&ORFN6HWXS²!
6HULDO3RUWV²! 6(5,$/32576
'HYLFH²,'²!
)URQW3RUW²!
0/)%9HUVLRQ²! 6\VWHP3RUW²!
&RQWUDVW²! 6HUYLFH3RUW²!
Figure 4-29 Read-out of serial interface settings from the operator control panel, example
Note:
The serial interface for the connection of a time control device is described in the Sub-
section 4.14, Time Synchronization.
4-32 7SA522 Manual
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
4.15 Passwords
Passwords are assigned to a SIPROTEC® 4 device to protect against unintended
changes to the device or unauthorized operations from the device, such as switching.
The following access levels are defined:
q Switching/tagging/manual overwrite,
q Non-interlocked switching,
q Test and diagnostics,
q Hardware test menus,
q Individual settings,
q Setting Groups.
Figure 4-30 DIGSI® 4, window indicating the active passwords — example
When using DIGSI® 4 or the operator control panel on the SIPROTEC® 4 device, a
password is requested for the specific functions.
Note:
Password protection against unauthorized access is only in place during on-line op-
eration. The passwords for setting changes are first activated when the settings are
loaded into the device. The passwords are irrelevant in the DIGSI® 4 off-line mode.
To deactivate a password, you must know the password.
7SA522 Manual 4-33
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SIPROTEC® 4 Devices
Passwords can only be changed using DIGSI® 4.
To change an existing password:
• In the Passwords window shown in Figure 4-30, double click on the password to be
changed. In the next window (Figure 4-31), enter the present password, the new
password, and confirm with the new password again and 2..
Figure 4-31 DIGSI® 4, changing passwords
Passwords are numbers up to 8 digits.
At delivery all passwords are set to 000000.
Note:
If the password for setting group switching has been forgotten, a temporary password
can be received from Siemens. The temporary password can be used to define a new
password for this function.
The registration number of the DIGSI® 4 software package will be required to re-
ceive the temporary password.
4-34 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration 5
Configuration is the process of customizing the relay for the intended application.
To accomplish this, the following questions must be answered:
• Which functions are needed?
• Which data and measured quantities need to be retrieved via which inputs?
• Which information, measured data, and control actions need to be issued via which
outputs?
• Which user-definable functions need to be performed in CFC
(Continuous Function Chart)?
• Which information should be displayed on the front panel of the device?
• Which interfaces are to be used?
• Which time source is to be used to synchronize the internal clock?
This chapter describes in details how to configure the 7SA522.
5.1 Configuration of Functions 5-2
5.2 Configuration of the Binary Inputs and Outputs 5-8
5.3 Creating User Defined Functions with CFC 5-36
5.4 Serial Interfaces 5-45
5.5 Date and Time Stamping 5-49
7SA522 Manual 5-1
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Configuration
5.1 Configuration of Functions
General The 7SA522 relay contains a series of protective and additional functions. The scope
of hardware and firmware is matched to these functions. Furthermore, commands
(control actions) can be suited to individual needs of the protected object. In addition,
individual functions may be enabled or disabled during configuration, or interaction
between functions may be adjusted.
Example for the configuration of the scope of functions:
A substation has overhead line and transformer feeders. Fault location must only be
carried out on the line feeders. The devices in the transformer bays will therefore be
configured to disable this function.
The available functions must be configured as HQDEOHG or GLVDEOHG. For individual
functions, the choice between several alternatives may be presented, as described
below.
Functions configured as GLVDEOHG are not processed by the 7SA522. There are no
messages, and corresponding settings (functions, limit values) are not displayed
during detailed settings.
Note:
Available functions and default settings are depending on the ordering code of the re-
lay (see ordering code in the appendix for details).
Determination of Configuration settings may be entered using a PC and the software program DIGSI® 4
Functional Scope and transferred via the operating interface on the device front, or via the serial service
interface. Operation via DIGSI® 4 is described in Chapter 4 as well as in the DIGSI® 4
manual, order number E50417–H1176–C097.
Entry of password No. 7 (for setting modification) is required to modify configuration
settings (see Chapter 4, last section). Without the password, the settings may be read,
but cannot be modified and transmitted to the device.
The functional scope with the available options is set in the 'HYLFH&RQILJXUDWLRQ
dialogue box (see Figure 5-1) to match equipment requirements. To change a
function, click on the corresponding line under 6FRSH, and select the desired option
in the list which appears. The drop-down list closes automatically upon selection of an
item.
5-2 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
Figure 5-1 Device Configuration dialogue box in DIGSI® 4 — example
Before closing the dialogue box, transfer the modified functional setting to the relay by
clicking on the item ',*6, → 'HYLFH. The data is stored in the relay in a non-volatile
memory buffer.
The configured functional scope can be viewed at the front of the relay itself, but
cannot be modified there. The settings associated with the functional scope can be
found in the 0$,10(18 under → 6HWWLQJV → 'HYLFH&RQILJ.
Special Cases Most settings are self-explanatory. The special cases are described below.
Each device (depending on the version ordered) can feature one or two protection
data interfaces for communicating the protection signals. In address you
determine if protection data interface 3,17(5)$&( is to be used, in address
if protection data interface 3,17(5)$&(is to be used. For a protected object
with two ends each device requires at least one protection data interface. For more
ends it must be guaranteed that all associated devices are connected with each other
either directly or via other devices. For more detail on this topic read Subsection 6.6.1,
protection data topology.
If the setting group change-over function is to be used, the setting in address
*US&KJH237,21 must be set to (QDEOHG. In this case, it is possible to apply up to
four different groups of settings for the function parameters (refer also to Sub-section
6.1.2). During normal operation, a convenient and fast switch-over between these
setting groups is possible. The setting 'LVDEOHG implies that only one function
parameter setting group can be applied and used.
Address 7ULSPRGHapplies only for devices that feature one-pole or three-pole
tripping. Set this address to SROH if one-pole tripping is also desired i.e., if
1-pole or 1-pole/3-pole automatic reclosure is used. This requires an internal
automatic reclosure function or an external reclosing device is to be used.
Furthermore, the circuit breaker must be suited for 1-pole control.
7SA522 Manual 5-3
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Configuration
Note:
When having changed address , first save the changes by clicking onto the 2.
button. Then open the dialogue box again, since other setting options depend on ad-
dress .
The tripping characteristic type can be selected for the distance protection, dependent
on the device version. In setting address the selection for the phase–phase
measuring systems 3KDVH'LVWDQFH is done and in address the selection for
the phase–earth measuring systems (DUWK'LVWDQFH is done. A selection between
a polygonal tripping characteristic 4XDGULODWHUDO and circular MHO characteristic
0+2 is available. In Subsections 6.2.3 and 6.2.4 the characteristics and measuring
techniques are described in detail. The setting in these two addresses may be
different. If the device is to be applied for only phase–earth loops or only phase–phase
loops, then the unused function is set to 'LVDEOHG.
If the Distance Protection is to be supplemented with a teleprotection system, the
desired scheme can be selected in address 7HOHSURW'LVW. The following
schemes are available: the permissive underreach transfer scheme via pickup 3877
3LFNXS and via the permissive overreach transfer scheme 3277, the signal
comparison scheme VLJQDOFRPSDULVRQ, the 'LU&RPS3LFNXS scheme, the
81%/2&.,1* scheme, the %/2&.,1* scheme as well as the schemes via Pilot wire
comparison (3LORWZLUHFRPS) and reverse interlocking5HY,QWHUORFN
If the device features a protection data interface for communicating via digital
transmission ways, choose setting 3277RYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH.7Kese
schemes are described in detail in Subsection 6.4.1. If the teleprotection supplement
is not required for the distance protection, the setting must be 'LVDEOHG.
The tripping characteristic group of the time delayed overcurrent protection can be set
in address %DFNXSRYHUFXUUHQW %DFN8S2& . In addition to the definite
time overcurrent protection (DT), an inverse time overcurrent protection can be
configured — depending on the order variant — to either correspond to the IEC
characteristics (72&,(&), or to the ANSI characteristics (72&$16,). The various
characteristics are shown in the technical data. The time delayed overcurrent
protection may naturally also be disabled ('LVDEOHG).
The tripping characteristic of the earth fault protection can also be selected, in this
case in address (DUWKIDXOWRYHUFXUUHQW (DUWK)DXOW2& . In
addition to the definite time overcurrent stages (DT, up to three stages can be
implemented), it is also possible to configure — depending on the order variant — an
inverse earth fault stage. This inverse stage may either correspond to the IEC
characteristic (72&,(&) or to the ANSI characteristic (72&$16,), or to an inverse
logarithmic characteristic (72&/RJDULWKP). If an inverse tripping stage is not
required, the stage that is usually referred to as “inverse” may also be used as a fourth
definite time stage 'HILQLWH7LPH. The various characteristics are shown in the
technical data. The earth fault protection may naturally also be disabled ('LVDEOHG).
If you are using the earth fault protection, you can complement it by teleprotection
schemes. Under address 7HOHSURW()you can select the desired mode.
You can choose between 'LUHFWLRQDO&RPSDULVRQ3LFNXS, the 8QEORFNLQJ
and the %ORFNLQJ mode. For a detailed description of these modes please read Sub-
section 6.8.1. If the device features a protection data interface for communication via
digital link, you must set 3877RYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH. If you do not want
to use teleprotection schemes with earth fault protection, set 'LVDEOHG.
If the device has an automatic reclosure, the addresses and are significant.
If no reclosure is desired at the feeder for which 7SA522 is used or only an external
5-4 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
device is used for reclosure, address $8725(&/26( is switched to 'LVDEOHG.
Automatic reclosure is only permitted for overhead lines. It may not be used in any
other case. If the protected object consists of a combination of overhead lines and
other equipment (e.g. overhead line in a block with a transformer or overheadline/
cable), reclosure is only permissible if it can be ensured that it can only take place in
the event of a fault on the overhead line.
Otherwise set the number of desired reclosure attempts there. You can select
$5 F\FOH to $5F\FOHV. You can also set $'7 (adaptive dead time): in this
case the behavior of the automatic reclosure depends on the cycles of the remote end.
However, the number of cycles must be set at least at one end of the line and this end
must have a reliable infeed. The other end or ends may operate with adaptive dead
time. See section 6.11.1 for detailed explanations.
The $5&21752/02'( under address allows a total of four options. You can
determine whether the sequence of automatic reclosure cycles is defined by the fault
situation of the pick-up of the starting protection function(s) or by the type of trip
command. The automatic reclosure can also operate with or without action time.
The 7ULS ZLWK7DFWLRQ or 7ULS ZLWKRXW7DFWLRQ command setting is
preferred when single-pole or single/three-pole automatic reclosure cycles are
planned and are possible. In this case different dead times (for every interrupt cycle)
are possible after single-pole tripping and after three-pole tripping. The tripping
protection function determines the type of tripping: single-pole or three-pole. The dead
time is controlled dependent on this.
Using the3LFNXSZLWK 7DFWLRQ or 3LFNXSZLWKRXW 7DFWLRQsetting,
different dead times can be set for the auto-reclosure cycles after single, two and
three-phase faults. The fault detection configuration of the protection functions at the
time the trip command disappears is decisive. This operating mode also enables the
dead times to be made dependent on the type of fault for three-pole interrupt cycles.
Tripping is always three-pole.
The 7ULS ZLWK7DFWLRQsetting provides an action time for every interrupt cycle.
This is started by the general starting signal (i. e. logic OR combination of all internal
and external start signals of all protection functions which are configured to start the
automatic reclosure function. If there is still no trip command when the action time
expired, the corresponding automatic reclosure cycle cannot be executed. See
section 6.13.1 for further explanations. For the time graded protection this setting is
recommended. If the protection function to operate with reclosure does not have a
general fault detection signal for starting the action times, select the setting 7ULS
ZLWKRXW7DFWLRQ.
Address 7ULSPRGH only applies for devices which can trip VLQJOHSROH or
WKUHHSROH. Set single/three-pole if you also want single-pole tripping, i.e. if you
want to work with single-pole or with single/three-pole automatic reclosure, provided
that automatic reclosure is available or an external reclosure device is used. The
circuit breaker must also be suitable for single-pole control.
In address )DXOW/RFDWRUfor fault location the user determines not only the
settings (QDEOHGand'LVDEOHG. The required number of output relays (FNo
to must therefore be available and allocated.
For fault location you can determine )DXOW/RFDWRU(QDEOHGand Disabled . at
address .
For the trip circuit supervision the number of trip circuits that shall be monitored is set
in address 7ULS&LU6XS with the following settings: WULSFLUFXLW,
WULSFLUFXLWV or WULSFLUFXLWV.
7SA522 Manual 5-5
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Configuration
5.1.1 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
103 Grp Chge OPTION Disabled Disabled Setting Group Change Option
Enabled
110 Trip mode 3pole only 3pole only Trip mode
1-/3pole
112 Phase Distance Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Phase Distance
MHO
Disabled
113 Earth Distance Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Earth Distance
MHO
Disabled
120 Power Swing Disabled Disabled Power Swing detection
Enabled
121 Teleprot. Dist. PUTT (Z1B acceleration) Disabled Teleprotection for Distance prot.
POTT
Unblocking
Blocking
POTT over Protection Inter-
face
Disabled
122 DTT Direct Trip Disabled Disabled DTT Direct Transfer Trip
Enabled
124 SOTF Overcurr. Disabled Disabled Instantaneous HighSpeed SOTF
Enabled Overcurrent
125 Weak Infeed Disabled Disabled Weak Infeed (Trip and/or Echo)
Enabled
126 Back-Up O/C Disabled Time Overcurrent Backup overcurrent
Time Overcurrent Curve IEC Curve IEC
Time Overcurrent Curve
ANSI
131 Earth Fault O/C Disabled Disabled Earth fault overcurrent
Time Overcurrent Curve IEC
Time Overcurrent Curve
ANSI
Time Overcurrent Curve
Logarithmic
Definite Time
132 Teleprot. E/F Directional Comparison Pik- Disabled Teleprotection for Earth fault
kup overcurr.
PUTT over Protection Inter-
face
Unblocking
Blocking
Disabled
5-6 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
133 Auto Reclose 1 AR-cycle Disabled Auto-Reclose Function
2 AR-cycles
3 AR-cycles
4 AR-cycles
5 AR-cycles
6 AR-cycles
7 AR-cycles
8 AR-cycles
Adaptive Dead Time (ADT)
Disabled
134 AR control mode with Pickup and Action time with Trip and Auto-Reclose control mode
with Pickup but without Action time
Action time
with Trip and Action time
with Trip but without Action
time
135 Synchro-Check Disabled Disabled Synchronism and Voltage Check
Enabled
137 U/O VOLTAGE Disabled Disabled Under / Overvoltage Protection
Enabled
138 Fault Locator Enabled Enabled Fault Locator
Disabled
139 BREAKER Disabled Disabled Breaker Failure Protection
FAILURE Enabled
140 Trip Cir. Sup. Disabled Disabled Trip Circuit Supervision
1 trip circuit
2 trip circuits
3 trip circuits
145 P. INTERFACE 1 Enabled Enabled Protection Interface 1 (Port D)
Disabled
146 P. INTERFACE 2 Disabled Disabled Protection Interface 2 (Port E)
Enabled
147 NUMBER OF 2 relays 2 relays Number of relays
RELAY 3 relays
7SA522 Manual 5-7
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Configuration
5.2 Configuration of the Binary Inputs and Outputs
General Upon delivery, the display on the front panel of the relay, some of the function keys,
the binary inputs and outputs (output contacts) are assigned to certain information.
These assignments may be modified, for most information, allowing adaptation to the
local requirements.
During configuration, certain information within the relay is assigned to certain
physical interfaces (e.g., binary inputs and output contacts) or logical interfaces (e.g.,
user-defined logic, CFC).
It must be determined which information should be linked with which device interface.
It may also be determined which properties the information and the interfaces should
have.
Messages and statistical values from earlier events can be lost during configuration;
therefore, operational and fault data and statistic counters which are memorized in the
relay should be read and saved if desired, prior to changing the configuration.
5.2.1 Preparation
Before configuration is started, the overall interfacing requirements must be assessed.
The required inputs and outputs must be compared with the number of physical inputs
and outputs present on the relay. The types of indications and commands, and their
requirements, should be taken into account.
Indications Indications may be device information regarding events and conditions that can be
transmitted via output contacts (e.g. start-up of the processor system or a trip signal
initiated by a protective function). These are defined as output indications.
(binary output
signal) (system)
Trip
(7SA522) L+ Output indication/tripcommand via relay contact
Figure 5-2 Output indication (OUT)
Indications also include information from the substation to the relay regarding events
and conditions in the system (e.g. position or condition of a circuit breaker). These are
defined as LQSXWLQGLFDWLRQV. Input indications with one binary input are VLQJOH
SRLQWLQGLFDWLRQV (SP). Two binary inputs whose normal conditions are oppo-
site, and which are monitored by the relay, are required for a GRXEOHSRLQWLQGL
FDWLRQ (DP).
5-8 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
M e.g. Isolation
e.g. mcb switch
(7SA522) (7SA522)
L+ Binary input L+
(e.g. BI1) Binary input
L–
(e.g. BI 2)
(system)
(system)
Binary input
L– (e.g. BI 3)
Single point indication (SP) Double point indication (DP)
Figure 5-3 Input indications
Additionally to the predefined input and output indications new customer specific indi-
cations and even control commands for switching devices may be created.
Commands Commands are output indications that are especially designed for the output of control
signals to switchgears in the system.
q Set for each device whether it should trip 1pole, 11/2pole or 2pole, with single or
double point indication, with or without feedback (see Table 5-1 and Figure 5-4 to
5-9). Thus the necessary quantity of the information to be processed is calculated
and the type of command is determined.
q Allocate the available binary inputs and outputs according to the requirements.
Please observe the following:
− The annunciations and commands of a switchgear must be allocated to binary
inputs and outputs numbered consecutively;
− The trip command must always be located before the close command;
− There may be restrictions due to grouping of binary inputs and outputs of a
SIPROTEC®-device
As soon as the type of command is defined DIGSI ® 4 allocates the necessary number
of binary outputs of a device. The corresponding outputs relays are numbered
consecutively. This has to be observed for the assignment of the output relay to the
control functions.
Table 5-1 lists the most important command types as they are offered in the
configuration matrix (also refer to the paragraph “Binary Outputs for Switching
Devices” in Subsection 5.2.4). All double commands (with or without feedback) are
also available as transformer tap commands. The following figures (from 5-4 to 5-9)
show timing diagrams, control settings, and the order of relay allocations for frequently
used command types.
Table 5-1 Most important command types
Single Command with With 1 relay without feedback &B6
Single Output with feedback &)B6
Double Command with With 2 relays without feedback &B'
Single Outputs with feedback &)B'
7SA522 Manual 5-9
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Configuration
Table 5-1 Most important command types
Double Command with Single With 3 relays without feedback &B'
Outputs plus Common Output with feedback &)B'
Double Command with Double With 4 relays without feedback &B'
Outputs with feedback &)B'
Double Command with Double With 3 relays without feedback &B'
(Close) and Single (Trip) with feedback &)B'
Outputs
For double commands, the first output relay is selected using DIGSI® 4. The other
output relays will be automatically selected by DIGSI® 4. In the sequence of output
relays, each TRIP command is placed before the associated CLOSE command.
For commands with feedback indications, DIGSI® 4 reserves another line in the
configuration matrix for the switching device feedback indications. Here, the OPEN
position feedback is placed before the CLOSED position feedback as well.
For Figures 5-4 through 5-9, the following abbreviations apply:
− C+ Relay contact for closing
− C– Relay contact for tripping
− CC Relay contact is common
− CCC Relay contact is common to a bus
− L+; L– Control voltage
CLOSE
command L+
C+
C+
CLOSE Switching
t device
1
L–
Matrix configuration: X
C+
Figure 5-4 Single command with single contact
5-10 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Configuration
CLOSE TRIP
L+
command command
C+ C–
C+
CLOSE Switching TRIP
C– device
L–
1 2 t
Matrix configuration: XX
C+
C–
Figure 5-5 Double command with single contacts
CLOSE TRIP L+
command command C+ C–
C+
CLOSE Switching TRIP
C– device
CC
CC
1 2 3 t
L–
Matrix configuration: XXX
C–
C+
CC
Figure 5-6 Double command with single contacts plus common contact
In contrast to other output relays the relay common to a bus is allocated to different
switching devices (see Figure 5-7). For security reasons the switching devices cannot
be switched at the same time.
The relay common to a bus automatically adopts the properties of the controlling relay,
i. e. it is not configured individually. The output is single-pole.
CLOSE TRIP L+
Command Command C+ C–
C+
CLOSE Switching TRIP Switching Device
C– Device 1 2...n
CCC
CCC
1 2 n t
L–
Matrix Configuration: X X X
CCC
C+
C-
Figure 5-7 Double command with single output common to a bus 1
7SA522 Manual 5-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Configuration
CLOSE TRIP
command command L+
C+1 C+1 C–1
C+2 CLOSE Switching TRIP
device
C–1
C+2 C–2
C–2
L–
t
1 2 3 4
Matrix configuration: XXXX
C–1
C+1
C–2
C+2
Figure 5-8 Double command with double contacts (with 4 relays)
CLOSE TRIP L+
command command C+1 C–
C+1
CLOSE Switching TRIP
C+2 device
C– C+2
L–
t
1 2 3
Matrix configuration: XXX
C–
C+1
C+2
Figure 5-9 Double command with double and single contacts (with 3 relays)
5-12 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
5.2.2 Structure and Operation of the Configuration Matrix
General This section deals with the structure and operation of the configuration matrix. The
configuration matrix can be viewed without making any configuration changes.
Information characteristics and configuration steps are described in Sub-section 5.2.3,
and configuration is demonstrated in Sub-section 5.2.4.
Configuration of information is performed, using a PC and the DIGSI® 4 software
program, via the operator or service interface. The configuration is represented in
DIGSI® 4 as a matrix (Figure 5-10). Each row is assigned to an information of the
device. It is identified by a function number No, LCD text (display text D), an
explanation (long text L, minimized in Figure 5-10), and an information type T. The
columns give the interfaces which should be the sources and/or destinations of the
information. In addition to physical device inputs and outputs, there may be internal
interfaces for user definable logic (CFC), message buffers, or the device display.
Filter Information Catalog Standard View Short view
Figure 5-10 Extract from the configuration matrix in the DIGSI® 4 user interface — example
7SA522 Manual 5-13
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Configuration
Information in the rows is assigned to appropriate interfaces in the columns via an
entry in the intersecting cell. This establishes which information controls which
destination, or from which source information is received.
In the configuration matrix, not only the configuration is shown, but also the type of
configuration. For example, information regarding an event which is configured for
display on a LED may be latched or unlatched.
The possible combinations of information and interfaces is dependent on the
information type. Impossible combinations are filtered out by DIGSI® 4 plausibility
checks.
The matrix columns are divided into three types: Information, Source, and Destination.
To the left of the matrix, information is divided into information groups.
Reducing the The matrix may become very extensive because of the amount of information
Matrix contained within. Therefore, it is useful to limit the display via filtering to certain
information, thus reducing the number of rows.
The tool-bar below the menu bar contains two pull-down menus by which information
may be filtered. Using the first menu, the rows can be limited to indications,
commands, indications and commands, or measured and metered values. The
second menu allows to display only configured information, information configured to
physical inputs and outputs, or non-configured information.
A further reduction in the number of rows is possible, by compressing an information
group to one row. This is done by double-clicking on the group label area (located to
the far left). If this is done, the number of rows is reduced, allowing the user to focus
on the information groups of interest. A second double-click restores all rows in the
information group.
To limit the width of the matrix, two possibilities exist: The tool bar allows to switch
between standard view and short view, or individual columns can be hidden.
In the latter case you double-click on the field with the column heading thus hiding the
contents of the associated column. In the example of Figure 5-10, the long text (/)
under IQIRUPDWLRQ is not shown. By double-clicking on long text field (/), the long
text becomes visible again, and vice versa.
With two options on the tool bar you may switch between standard view and short
view, thus modifying the all columns under the 6RXUFH and 'HVWLQDWLRQ title
blocks. The columns associated with the ,QIRUPDWLRQ block remain unchanged.
In standard view, all binary inputs, binary outputs, and LEDs are accessible, as shown
in Figure 5-10 for the binary outputs and LEDs.
In short view (not illustrated in the figure), a common column is displayed for each of
the sources and destinations. Within the individual cells of a common column,
information regarding the configuration type is available in an abbreviated form. For
example, the abbreviation H1 in a cell of the common binary input (BI) column means
that the corresponding information is configured with active voltage (High) to binary
input 1. If an information is assigned to several sources or destinations, the
abbreviations of all destinations are shown, separated by commas. If there is not
enough space in the cell for the simultaneous display of all abbreviations, a double-
click on the cell and movement of the text cursor within the cell allows to scroll through
the entire contents of the cell.
To switch between standard view and short view, the menu item 9LHZ can also be
used.
5-14 7SA522 Manual
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Information Groups All information is organized into information groups. In addition to general relay
information, information regarding individual device functions is also included.
By clicking on an information group title area with the right mouse button, a context
menu can be viewed, which contains information regarding the properties of that
information group. This is particularly useful if the information group is associated with
a function that contains parameter settings.
If the information group belongs to a protective function for the relay, a dialogue
window can be accessed in which the settings of the protective function may be read
out and modified. The procedure for entering settings of a protective function is
described in general in Chapter 4. Details regarding the settings for various functions
are found in Chapter 6.
The settings group to be processed may be selected via the menu item 9LHZ →
6HWWLQJ*URXS.
Information The column header ,QIRUPDWLRQ contains the function number, the LCD text
(display text), an explanation (long text), and the information type. The following
abbreviations are used for the information types:
• Annunciations:
− SP Single Point Indication (binary input, e.g. LED reset, refer also to
subsection 5.2.1)
− DP Double Point Indication (binary input, refer also to subsection 5.2.1)
− OUT Output Indication (protection output signals e.g. pickup, trip ...)
− IntSP Internal Single Point Indication,
− IntDP Internal Double Point Indication.
− TxTap Transformer Tap Indication
• Control Commands for switching devices (refer to subsection ):
− C_S Single Command with Single Output without Feedback,
− CF_S Single Command with Single Output with Feedback,
− C_SN Single Command with Single Output Negated without Feedback,
− C_D2 Double Command (2 relays) with Single Outputs without Feedback,
− CF_D2 Double Command (2 relays) with Single Outputs with Feedback,
− C_D12 Double Command with Single Trip Outputs and Double Close Outputs
without Feedback,
− CF_D12 Double Command with Single Trip Outputs and Double Close Outputs
with Feedback,
− C_D3 Double Command (3 relays) with Single Outputs and Common Output
without Feedback,
− CF_D3 Double Command (3 relays) with Single Outputs and Common Output
with Feedback,
− C_D4 Double Command (4 relays) with Double Outputs without Feedback,
− CF_D4 Double Command (4 relays) with Double Outputs with Feedback,
− C_D2N Double Command (2 relays) with Single Outputs Negated
without Feedback,
− CF_D2N Double Command (2 relays) with Single Outputs Negated with
Feedback.
• Measured Values:
− MV Measured Value,
− MVU Measured Value, User Defined,
7SA522 Manual 5-15
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− MVT Measured Value with Time,
− LV Limit Value,
− LVU Limit Value, User Defined.
• Metered Values:
− MVMV Metered Value of Measured Value,
− PMV Pulse Measured Value.
The information contains various properties depending on the information type, which
are partially fixed and may be partially influenced.
Source The source denotes the origin of the information which the matrix receives for further
processing. Possible sources are:
− BI Binary Input,
− F Function key, which may serve to introduce a switching action,
− C CFC, i.e., message comes from user-definable logic,
− S Sytem Interface.
Destination The destination indicates to which interface the information is forwarded. Possible
destinations are:
− BO Binary Output,
− LED LED display on the Device Front Panel,
− O Operation Event Buffer in the Device,
− T Trip Log Buffer in the Device,
− S System Interface,
− C CFC, Information is processed by CFC Program of the User-definable Logic.
− CM Control of switchgears if a switch plant is indicated in the Control Menu of
the device.
5.2.3 Establishing Information Properties
General Different types of information contain different types of properties. To view the
properties associated with a specific information unit (indication, command, etc.),
position the mouse on the specific row under ,QIRUPDWLRQ, and then use the right
mouse button to access a context menu where 3URSHUWLHV can be selected.
For example, if the cursor is positioned on a specific output indication, the right mouse
button is pressed, and the menu item 3URSHUWLHV is selected, then a choice of
whether the indication should appear in the oscillographic fault records (Figures 5-11,
5-12, and 5-13) is presented. For internal single point indications, the default status of
the indication (on, off, or undefined) after device reset can be selected as well (Figure
5-12).
5-16 7SA522 Manual
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Output Indication
(OUT)
Figure 5-11 Information properties — example for the information type “Output Indication”
(OUT)
Internal Single
Point Indication
(IntSP)
Figure 5-12 Information properties — example for the information type “Internal Single Point
Indication” (IntSP)
7SA522 Manual 5-17
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Singe Point
Indication (SP)
Figure 5-13 Information properties — example for information type “Single Point Indication”
(SP)
Double Point In addition to the properties entered for single point indications, a “Suppress
Indication (DP) intermediate position” check box is available, which may be checked to suppress the
intermediate indication during operations. If this field is marked, then the filter time,
which can also be set (see margin heading “Filtering/Contact Chatter Suppression”
below), is only effective for the intermediate (= undefined position) indication. Hence,
briefly undefined conditions or contact chattering will not lead to an alarm; however,
defined changes in the condition (final positions) are immediately reported.
Figure 5-14 Information properties — example for information type “Double Point Indication”
(DP)
5-18 7SA522 Manual
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Filtering / Contact For input indications (single point indications 63, double point indications '3,
Chatter Transformer Tap Changer (TxTap), if available), filter times may be entered (pick-up
Suppression and drop-out delays) to suppress momentary changes in potential at the binary input
(e.g. contact chatter), refer also to Figure 5-13 and 5-14. Filtering occurs during an
input change of state, with the same setting values whether coming or going.
Information is only distributed when the new state continues to exist after a preset time
interval (in milliseconds). The setting range is from 0 to 86,400,000 ms, or 24 hours.
Whether or not the filter interval is restarted for each change of state during the filtering
(filter re-triggering) is selectable.
It is also possible to set chatter suppression for each indication (Figure 5-13 and 5-14).
The contact chatter settings, themselves, are set the same for all input indications (see
Sub-section 5.2.6).
Transformer Tap The transformer tap changer position is communicated, via binary inputs, in a
Changer (TxTap) specified encoding format (maximum of 62 positions). Only binary inputs that are in
direct order with regard to numbering can be used.
For the encoding formats available (binary code, BCD code, “1 of n” code), four
settings (number of positions, number of bits, display offset, and position change) may
be programmed. Their bit pattern corresponds to an individual transformer tap
changer position which is represented in the device display and in the indication
buffers (Figure 5-15).
Figure 5-15 Information Properties Example for Information Type “Transformer Tap
Changer” (TxTap)
If none of the available encoding formats are selected, each individual tap changer
position may be set in a table. The table is accessed after the pull-down menu 7DEOH
for encoding is opened, by selecting the button to the side.
7SA522 Manual 5-19
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The encoded transformer tap changer position bit pattern is transformed into digital
values between 1 and 62. An unrecognized pattern is interpreted as position 63.
The number of bits coincides with the number of the binary inputs to be configured,
and limits the number of positions to be represented.
Using the display offset, the beginning of the evaluated bits may have an offset of a
programmed number. The stepping of the transfomer taps may be modified, using the
tap interval feature (see example).
Example:
Four transformer position settings are to be represented by three binary inputs, using
the designators 3 through 6. The encoding is binary.
Orientation Desired representation
BI1 BI2 BI3
- - - 63.00
X - - 3.00
- X - 4.00
X X - 5.00
- - X 6.00
X - X 63.00
Using three binary inputs (= 3 bits), a maximum of 23 = 8 position settings may be
represented in binary code. In order to begin the representation of transformer tap
changer positions with the value 3, the display offset is chosen accordingly. The
following must be set on the information property window:
Encoding %LQDU\
Number of positions
Number of bits
Display offset
Position change
The three binary inputs used for this must have sequential numbers, such as BI 1, BI
2, and BI 3.
User Defined For the information type “Measured Values User Defined” (098), the units, the
Measured Values conversion factor, and the number of significant digits following the decimal point may
(MVU) and Limit be specified. For the information type “Limit Values User Defined” (/98), a limit value
Values (LVU) may be programmed (Figure 5-16).
5-20 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 5-16 Information properties example for information type “Limit Value User Defined”
(LVU)
If, for example, a low current reporter should be established using the CFC logic, and
the percentage of the measured current should be matched to a certain amp value,
the following values are entered in window according to Figure 5-16:
The 'LPHQVLRQ is A (amps). The &RQYHUVLRQ)DFWRU is 150: 150 A corresponds
to 100 % input current. The limit value upon start-up is set for 120 A.
Metered Values For metered values, the polarity (+/–) is an indicator for the direction of the power flow
(Figure 5-17 and 5-18). For the metered values of measured values (MVMV) the user
may also define the units for pulsed measured values (309) (Figure 5-17), the
conversion factor, and the number of decimal places (Figure 5-18). If ZLSLQJ
SXOVH6 is selected, each individual impulse increases the counter by one. If the
double current pulse option is selected, then each individual transition (positive or
negative) increases the counter by one. If, for example, MVARh is entered as the units
and 1000 is entered as the conversion factor, then 1000 impulses are equal to 1
MVARh.
7SA522 Manual 5-21
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Figure 5-17 Information Properties, Example for Information Type “Pulse Metered Value”
(PMV)
5-22 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 5-18 Information Properties Example for Information Type “Metered Value of
Measured Value” (MVMV)
Entering Your Own The available information in the configuration matrix is determined by the device type
Information and the configured functional scope. If necessary, you may extend the configuration
matrix to information groups or individual information defined and entered by yourself.
Such user defined groups and information may be deleted at any time, in contrast to
predefined groups and information.
In order to insert a new information group, click on a cell within a group that is next to
the location where the new group should be located. After pressing the right mouse
button, a context menu appears (Figure 5-19).
Figure 5-19 Dialogue box to insert a new information group
If one of the first two alternatives is selected, a second dialogue box opens, in which
the name of the new information group is entered, in short text (display text) and in
long text (Figure 5-20). After clicking 2., the new group is positioned.
Figure 5-20 Entry of the name of a user defined information group
7SA522 Manual 5-23
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Configuration
Information may be entered into the new information group using the information cat-
alog (Figure 5-21). The information catalog is found in the menu bar under the 9LHZ
option, or via an icon in the toolbar. User information may be entered into both the user
defined groups and any other available information group.
Figure 5-21 Information catalog window
The information catalog is basically structured the same way as the DIGSI® 4 Manag-
er with folders and sub-folders. To proceed to information of sub-folders in the catalog,
click on a plus symbol or double-click on an folder icon. The designation of the initial
levels of the catalog correspond to the information groups $QQXQFLDWLRQV, &RP
PDQGV, 0HDVXUHG9DOXHV and &RXQWHU9DOXHV.
To insert a specific information unit into an information group, first select it in the cat-
alog, and using the left mouse button, it should then be dragged from the information
catalog window to a group area on the left of the matrix. After the mouse button is re-
leased, the new information unit is inserted into the proper group.
In order to change the user defined information, double-click on the field containing
the new information and edit the text.
Note:
When inserting information of the type &RQWUROZLWK)HHG%DFN, two new rows will
be created within the group: one line for the actual command, and one for the associ-
ated feedback message.
Deleting Groups Only user defined groups and information can be deleted. To delete an entire group,
and Information click on the field containing the group designator, then press the right mouse button to
open the context menu, and select 'HOHWH*URXS. A confirmation window will
appear (Figure 5-22).
5-24 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 5-22 Confirmation window before deleting a user defined group
Click <HV if you actually want to delete the group.
Note:
When deleting a group, all information definitions within this group will be deleted.
To delete individual entries, click on ,QIRUPDWLRQ in the line with the entry to be
deleted. Then press the right mouse button to open the context menu, and select
'HOHWH,QIRUPDWLRQ. The remaining steps are the same as those for deleting a
group.
5.2.4 Performing Configuration
The actual assignment between the information (rows) and the sources and destina-
tions (columns) of the information is made in the cell of intersection. You click into the
cell and press the right mouse button. A pull down menu appears where you may de-
termine the properties of the assignment. In certain cases, the pull down menu will of-
fer ; (allocated) or B (not allocated) as the configuration choices. In other cases, three
options will be offered (e.g. / = latched, 8 = unlatched, and B = not allocated). Entries
resulting in an implausible configuration are blocked and inaccessible to the user.
Configuring Binary Single point indications, double point indications, transformer tap indication and pulse
Inputs as Sources metered values can all be configured as binary inputs. In addition, whether or not
binary inputs are activated by the presence of control voltage can be established. That
is,
• “H” (High with voltage active): Control voltage at the binary input terminals activates
the indication;
• “/” (Low with voltage active): Control voltage at the binary input terminals
deactivates the indication.
Note:
A single logical indication should not be configured to two binary inputs, since an OR-
combination of both signals is not ensured. The operating program allows only one
combination, and deletes the first combination when a second is established.
7SA522 Manual 5-25
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In addition, a single point indication cannot be configured to a binary input and to CFC
as a source at the same time. In this case, an error message would be displayed. Click
on 2., and select another configuration.
Figure 5-23 Error message resulting from double configuration
If a double point indication (DP) is configured to one binary input (e.g. feedback
indications from switching devices), the next binary input is also set in the matrix. If this
configuration is undone, the second binary input is automatically de-configured. The
order of the binary input channels is already defined. The trip command is always
followed by the close command.
If a transformer tap indication is allocated to a binary input, other binary inputs may
also be allocated. The total of it is identical with the number of the bits configured for
the transformer tap indications. If one of the configurations is reset, all other
configurations to binary inputs depending on the one deleted, will automatically be set
toQRWFRQILJXUHG.
Configuring a The four function keys on the front of the relay may also be configured as sources in
Function Key as a order to establish a link using CFC. In this situation, each function key may be linked
Source with a customer created Internal Single Point Indication (IntSP). A function key may
be occupied because it has already been set as an operating function for the relay. As
delivered from the factory, the device’s function keys F1, F2, and F3 are pre-
configured:
F1 operating messages
F2 primary measured values
F3 overview of the last eight fault messages
Note:
When an indication is configured to a function key, its factory-assigned function is de-
leted. Re-establishment of the factory default function of the F-keys is only possible
by initializing the relay with a new factory parameter set created within DIGSI ® 4. All
device settings have to be re-entered.
In order to configure a new indication, select one of the options (OPEN/CLOSE, ON/
OFF, etc.) from the indication group in the information catalog and drag it to the left
side of the matrix. Upon release, a new row appears in the matrix. If the mouse is
positioned at the intersection of this row with column F, and the right mouse button is
pressed, a context menu opens (Figure 5-24) in which the function key may be set as
a source by clicking the proper choice.
5-26 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 5-24 Selecting a function key as an information source
Configuring CFC as If certain information should be created as a result of the implementation of a user
a Source defined logic function (CFC), this information must appear in the matrix as a source
from CFC. Otherwise, this information will not be available to the user when editing the
CFC logic.
You must not configure information to CFC as a source if it is already configured to a
binary input.
Configuring Binary Up to ten (10) information units (commands and indications) may be configured to one
Outputs as a binary output (output relay). One indication may be configured to up to ten (10) binary
Destination outputs (LEDs and output relays).
During configuration of binary outputs, you may select, for each output relay (besides
of the logic function itself), whether it should be latched (/) or unlatched (8). If you
select latched, the output relay remains energized, even after the indication is no
longer present. It must be manually reset by pressing the LED Reset button on the
front panel of the device, or via a binary input with the indication function “!/('
5HVHW”, or via the serial system interface. If unlatched is selected, the output relay
disengages as soon as the indication disappears.
Fast Binary Some binary outputs of device 7SA522 - depending on the order variant, refer to
Outputs “General Diagrams” in Section A.2 of Appendix A - have a response time which is
approx. 3 ms shorter. Therefore they are very suited for sending trip commands as
well as for issuing initiate signals to signal transmission equipment for teleprotection.
High-speed Depending on the device version (7SA522*–*N/P/Q/R/S/T***–) the five binary outputs
outputs BO16, BO20, BO21, BO22 and BO23 are equipped with static circuits with a response
time of less than 1 ms. In these versions the outputs are used preferably for issuing
tripping commands. In the General Diagrams in Appendix A.2 they are designated
with „high-speed”.
Binary Outputs for Take care when configuring binary outputs for switching devices. For switching
Switching Devices devices, the type of command (e.g., single or double commands, with or without
feedback) is defined and configured to the output relay. If the preset command types
are not desired, then appropriate command types can be selected from the
Information catalog (see also “Entering Your Own Information” in the previous sub-
section) and inserted into the configuration matrix.
7SA522 Manual 5-27
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Example:
Double Command with
2 relays (acc. Table 5-1)
Figure 5-25 Window information catalog (example for different command types)
If a command with multiple outputs is configured, all binary outputs required in the
matrix for the configuration are automatically defined. If one of these outputs is de-
configured, all other binary outputs associated with the command will be automatically
de-configured.
Please pay attention to the comments and switching examples in Section 5.2.1,
particularly the fixed defined sequence of relay assignments (TRIP before CLOSE).
When configuring commands (C_), the context menu is dependent on the type of
command. In some cases, the selection latched/unlatched is not available. Instead,
the alternatives are ; (configured), B (not configured), and ) (busy flag). The latter
means, independent of the switching direction, an indication is issued during each
operation of the switching device.
For double commands with a common output, a fourth alternative & (Common contact)
appears. Using this, the binary output may be defined as the common output (common
contact). When this is the case, several double commands with common contacts may
be assigned to the same common output (common contact), thus saving binary
outputs. This assumes the signals at the common outputs have the same potential.
Using the 2EMHFW3URSHUWLHV dialogue window, additional properties for
commands issued to the switching device may be defined. Thus, the operating mode
(pulse or latched output of a switching command), the seal-in time for pulse
commands, the output delay of the command, and feedback monitoring may be set
(see Figure 5-26). The output delay is relevant for equipment which removes an
indication before the switching is completed.
5-28 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 5-26 Dialogue box: object properties for a command with feedback
The conditional checks that should be conducted before execution of a switching
command can also be defined:
• Substation interlocking: interlocking of substations is carried out (configuration via
a substation)
• Zone controlled (Bay Specific Interlocking): Logic functions in the device created
with CFC are processed for interlocked switching.
• Switching direction check (scheduled/actual): The switching command is negated
and a corresponding indication is issued if the circuit-breaker is already in the
scheduled position. As soon as this check is activated, the switching direction check
will not only be enabled for interlocked, but also for non-interlocked switching.
• Blocked by protection: CLOSE commands to the switchgear are blocked as soon
as one of the protective functions in the device picks up a fault. TRIP commands,
in contrast, can always be executed.
7SA522 Manual 5-29
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Please be aware of the fact that also pickups from the overload protection or the
sensitive earth current supervision can cause and maintain a fault and therefore
block a close command. When resetting the interlocking also take into
consideration that the automatic reclosure lockout for motors in this case does not
automatically negate a close command sent to the motor. The automatic reclosure
must then be interlocked differently, e.g. via bay specific interlocking with CFC.
• Double operation: Parallel switching operations are blocked with respect to each
other: while one switching operation is being conducted, a second one cannot be
performed.
• Switching Authority – Local Commands: A local control switching command is only
allowed if local control is enabled on the relay (via lockswitch or setting).
• Switching Authority – Remote Commands: A remote control switching command is
only allowed if remote control is enabled on the relay (via lockswitch or setting).
Configuring a LED Single point indications (SP), output indications (OUT), and internal single point
Display as a indications (IntSP) may be assigned to LEDs. When this is done, you may select
Destination whether the indications are to be latched (/) or unlatched (8).
Up to ten (10) indications may be assigned to a LED display. One indication may be
assigned to a maximum of ten (10) outputs (LEDs and output relays).
Configuring an A maximum of three indication buffers may be available for messages: Operation
Indication Buffer (Event Log) Buffer (2) and Fault (Trip Log) Buffer (7). Nearly all indications of the
as a Destination protective functions are firmly assigned to these indication buffers. For the others,
Table 5-2 provides an overview of which indication type may be configured to which
buffer.
Table 5-2 Overview of Indication Buffers
Information Type ↓ \Message Buffer → O T
Single Point Indications (SP) X X
Double Point Indications (DP) X
Output Indications (OUT) X X
Internal Single Point Indications (IntSP) X X
Internal Double Point Indications (DP) X
Transformer Tap Indication (TxTap) X
Select one of the following options for the named indication types:
• 2 (on or coming) – the indication is stored in the buffer with the time of its arrival
• 22 (on/off or coming/going) – the indication is stored in the buffer with the time of
its arrival and departure
• B (not configured) – the indication is not stored in a buffer.
Configuring the The information listed in Table 5.4 can be allocated according to the type of the system
System Interface as interface. Setting an „X“ in the matrix cell the information is transferred via the system
a Destination interface to its connected components.
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Tabelle 5-3 Overview of indications via the system interface
System Interface → IEC Profibus Profibus DNP3.0
Information Type ↓ FMS DP
Single Point Indications (SP) X X X X
Double Point Indications (DP) X X X X
Output Indications (OUT) X X X X
Internal Single Point Indications (IntSP) X X X X
Internal Double Point Indications (DP) X X
Transformer Tap Indication (TxTap) X
Command with/without Feedback (C_**) X X X X
Measured Value (MV) X X X
Measured Value with Time (MVT) X X
Measured Value, User Defined (MVU) X
Pulse Metered Value (PMV) X X X X
Metered Value of Measured Value X X X X
(MVMV)
Limit Value User Defined (LVU)
User-defined information (switch gears, indication, metered values etc.) can be
entered in the configuration matrix. However, it cannot be connected to a control
system via IEC 60870–5–103 and PROFIBUS FMS. For the other protocols please
use pre-defined CFC-indications (see also Table “Protocol Dependent Functions” in
the Appendix).
Configuring CFC Single point, double point, and output indications, as well as limit and measured
as a Destination values, may be configured to CFC as the destination.
Configuring the Single point and double point indications as well as all types of commands can be
Control as a allocated to the control as a destination. Thus they are available for the operational
Destination control in the display of the device and the DIGSI® 4 Menu &RQWURO
Configuring the In addition to the measured values available in the relay, user defined measured and
Measured Value limit values may be configured into the measured value window. These values also
Window as a become available in the device display in the corresponding measured value window
Destination and in the DIGSI® 4 Menu 0HDVXUHPHQW.
Configuring the User defined pulse values and metered values derived from the measured values may
Metered Value be configured into the metered value window so that they may be displayed at the front
Window as a relay panel. They are then available in the corresponding measured value window in
Destination the display of the device.
Retrieving Device Retrieving the configurations is also possible from the device front. You may access
Configurations configuration information under 0DLQ0HQX: → 6HWWLQJV → 0DVNLQJ ,2 .
from the Device
The menu title 0$6.,1* ,2 appears in the title bar. Configuration information
Front
regarding each (physical) input and output is indicated in the display.
7SA522 Manual 5-31
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Any new user defined information is also shown in the display once loaded into the
relay from DIGSI® 4.
When selecting the 0$6.,1* ,2 menu, either binary inputs, LEDs, or binary
outputs may be selected. Selection of binary inputs is illustrated in Figure 5-27.
0$6.,1* ,2
%,1$5<,13876
!%LQDU\,QSXWV²!
!/('²! !%LQDU\,QSXW²!²
%LQDU\2XWSXWV²!
Figure 5-27 Reading the configuration in the front display of the device — example
Information regarding a binary input may be displayed by using the navigation keys to
select the binary input. See Figure 5-28.
%,1$5<,1387
!!5HVHW/('63+
6WDWXVDW7HUPLQDO
Figure 5-28 Selection of binary input 2 — example
In the example of Figure 5-28, information is displayed regarding binary input 2. The
display for binary input 2 indicates that it is configured as reset of the latched LEDs
using a single point indication with voltage active (High). The present conditions of
binary input 2 is also given as 0 (not active). If a binary input is active, a 1 is displayed.
Assignment of LEDs may be indicated at the relay, itself, using a replaceable labelling
strip with plain text on the front panel located, directly next to the LEDs.
The LED indication presettings which are present in the device when it leaves the
factory, those of the binary inputs and the output relay pre-configuration are
summarised in Appendix A.4.
5.2.5 Transferring Metered Values
The transferring of metered values from the buffer of a SIPROTEC®-device or
substation controller may be performed both cyclically and/or by external polling.
In the configuration matrix, click on 2SWLRQV and then on 5HVWRUH0HWHUHG
9DOXHV. A dialog box, which contains a register for editing the individual values for
cyclical transferring will open.
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Cyclical Here, the user may specify the source of the cyclical trigger for the transfer. Also, the
Restoration user may set the time interval and determine whether the metered value buffer should
be deleted after transfer to the SIPROTEC®-device has taken place.
Figure 5-29 Dialog Box to Restore Metered Values and Program Cyclical Restoration
In the current version of DIGSI® 4, triggering occurs based on the programmed
Absolute time.
7SA522 Manual 5-33
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5.2.6 Settings for Contact Chatter Blocking
Contact Chatter The contact chatter filter checks whether the number of condition changes at a binary
Suppression input exceeds a preset value during a predetermined time interval. If this occurs, the
binary input will be blocked for a certain time, so the event list does not contain a large
number of unnecessary entries. The setting values necessary for this feature may be
entered in a dialogue box, as shown in Figure 5-30. This dialogue box can be found
from the open configuration matrix by clicking 2SWLRQV in the menu bar and then
selecting &KDWWHU%ORFNLQJ.
Figure 5-30 DIGSI® 4: Setting the chatter blocking feature
Defining the The operating mode of the chatter blocking feature is determined by five settings:
Monitoring Criteria
• 1XPEHURISHUPLVVLEOHVWDWHFKDQJHV
This setting establishes how often the state of a binary input within the ,QLWLDO
7HVW7LPH may change. If this number is exceeded, the binary input is or remains
blocked. If the setting is 0 the chatter blocking is disabled.
• ,QLWLDOWHVWWLPH
Within this time interval (in seconds), the number of state changes of a binary input
is checked. The time interval begins with the first activation of a signal to the binary
input.
• 1XPEHURIFKDWWHUWHVWV
This number represents how many check cycles should be conducted before the
binary input is finally blocked. Please consider that even a high set value can be
reached over the normal life span of the device and could lead to blocking of the
binary input. Therefore this value can also be set to infinity. For this, enter the
character sequence of oo.
• &KDWWHU,GOH7LPH
If the 1XPEHURISHUPLVVLEOHVWDWHFKDQJHV at a binary input is exceeded
during the ,QLWLDOWHVWWLPH or the 6XEVHTXHQWWHVWWLPH, the &KDWWHU
LGOHWLPH interval is initiated. The affected binary input is blocked for this time
interval. The &KDWWHULGOHWLPH setting is entered in minutes. This settings can
only be programmed if the 1XPEHURIFKDWWHUWHVWV is not set to zero.
• 6XEVHTXHQWWHVWWLPH – Within this time interval, the number of state changes
at a binary input is checked again. This interval begins after the &KDWWHULGOH
WLPH interval has expired. If the number of state changes is within allowable limits,
the binary input is released. Otherwise, the idle interval is restarted, until the
maximum 1XPEHUFKDWWHUWHVWV is reached again. The 6XEVHTXHQWWHVW
WLPH setting is entered in seconds. This settings can only be programmed if the
1XPEHURIFKDWWHU tests is not set to zero.
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The settings for the monitoring criteria of the chatter blocking feature are set only once
for all binary inputs; however, the status of the chatter suppression can be set
individually for each binary input. See “Filtering/Contact Chatter Suppression” in
Subsection 5.2.3.
Note:
Chatter blocking cannot be activated for any of the standard protective indications.
The following should be noted:
• If there is contact chatter at a binary input and the input is blocked, the
corresponding indication will be displayed with “CCF” (example: “!'RRURSHQ&&)
21”). Also, the indication “&RQWDFWFKDWWHUILOWHU” reports this condition. Both
messages are shown in the operating buffer (event log).
• Chattering of a single point indication is set as ON (coming) if the binary input is
activated by energization (configured High-active).
• Chattering of a single point indication is set as OFF (going) if the binary input is
deactivated by energization (configured Low-active).
• If this behaviour causes undesired results in individual situations, an interlocking
may be configured in CFC.
• Chattering of a double point indication will be considered as an “intermediate”
condition.
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5.3 Creating User Defined Functions with CFC
General The 7SA522 relay is capable of implementing user defined logic functions which may
be processed by the relay. This CFC feature (Continuous Function Chart) is needed
to process user defined supervision functions and logic conditions (e.g. interlocking
conditions for switching devices) or to process measured values. Interlocking
conditions and command sequences, for example, may be programmed, using pre-
defined function modules, by persons without any specialized software programming
abilities. A total of 21 types of functional modules (FM), with which the desired
functions may be composed, are saved in a library. Detailed explanations are in the
CFC manual, order number E50417–H1176–C098, or in the DIGSI® 4 manual, order
number E50417–H1176–C097.
The creation of a logical PLC function is performed by means of a personal computer
using application DIGSI® 4 and transferred via the operator or service interface. In
order to create user defined logic functions, the indications and measured values
required by these functions must first be configured in the matrix with CFC as the
source or destination (see Section 5.2).
CFC can be started by double-clicking on &)&. The names of all available CFC charts
will appear. The desired CFC chart for processing can be selected via a double-click
of the mouse. The CFC program will start, and the chart will be displayed. If no chart
is available yet, you can create a new chart via the menu &UHDWH → &)&²&KDUW.
Run-Time The functions to be implemented in CFC may be divided into four task levels:
Properties
• Measured values: This task is processed cyclically every 600 milliseconds
(09B%($5% = measurement value processing) and might become slower if the
device is in pick-up state.
• System logic: Operation is triggered by events (i.e. these functions are processed
for each change of state at one of its inputs). System logic has lower priority than a
protection function and will be suppressed as soon as the relay picks up
(3/&B%($5% = slow PLC processing).
• Protective functions: These functions have the highest priority, and, like the system
logic functions, are event-controlled and processed immediately after a change of
state (3/&B%($5% = fast PLC processing).
• Switchgear Interlocking: This task is triggered by commands. In addition it is
processed cyclically approximately every second. It might becomes slower if device
is in pick-up state (6)6B%($5% = interlocking).
The function to be implemented must be associated to one of these four task levels.
To implement a function from the 6HWWLQJV → &)& menu, activate the menu by
selecting (GLW, and then 5XQ6HTXHQFH, and then the desired task level (See Figure
5-31).
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Figure 5-31 Establishing the task level
Within the Run Sequence menu, select (GLW, and then 3UHGHFHVVRUIRU
,QVWDOODWLRQ, to ensure that the function modules selected from the library will be
implemented into the desired task level (Figure 5-32).
Figure 5-32 Assignment of function modules to the selected task level
The proper assignment is important for several reasons. For example, if interlocking
logic were to be set up in the measured values task level, indications would constantly
be created by the cyclical processing, filling the buffer unnecessarily. On the other
hand, the interlocking condition at the moment of a switching operation may not be
processed at the right time, since measured value processing is done only every
600 ms.
Table 5-4 Selection guide for function modules and task levels
Run-Time Level
Function Modules Description MW_BEARB PLC1_BEARB PLC_BEARB SFS_BEARB
Meter processing Slow PLC Fast PLC Interlocking
ABSVALUE Magnitude calculation X – – –
AND AND-gate – X X X
BOOL_TO_CO Boolean to control (conver- – X X –
sion)
BOOL_TO_DI Boolean to double point – X X X
BUILD_DI Create double point annuncia- – X X X
tion
CMD_INF Test – – – X
CONNECT Connection – X X X
D_FF D-flipflop – X X X
7SA522 Manual 5-37
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Table 5-4 Selection guide for function modules and task levels
Run-Time Level
Function Modules Description MW_BEARB PLC1_BEARB PLC_BEARB SFS_BEARB
Meter processing Slow PLC Fast PLC Interlocking
DI_TO_BOOL Double point to boolean – X X X
LIVE_ZERO Live-zero, non linear curve X – – –
LOWER_SETPOIN Lower limit X – – –
T
NAND NAND-gate – X X X
NEG Negator – X X X
NOR NOR-gate – X X X
OR OR-gate – X X X
RS_FF RS-flipflop – X X X
SR_FF SR-flipflop – X X X
TIMER Timer – X X –
UPPER_SETPOINT Upper limit X – – –
X_OR XOR-gate – X X X
ZERO_POINT Zero suppression X – – –
Configuration The configuration is performed within the configuration sheets (see Figure 5-33).
Sheet
Configuration sheet 1
IS1 1
FM1
Input 3 1
FM2 FM3 Output
signals signals
IS2 2 3 1 2 OS4
IS3 2
Function modules
Figure 5-33 Principal representation of function modules in a CFC working page
The left border column of the configuration sheet shows the inputs; the right border
column shows the outputs of a function. In the above diagram the inputs are
connected with input signals IS1 to IS3. These may be indications from the breaker
(via binary inputs), from device function keys, or from a protective function. The output
signal (OS4 in the diagram) may control an output relay, for example, and can create
entries in the message buffers, depending on the preset configuration.
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Configuring and The default run-time sequence is determined by the sequence of the insertion of the
Connecting logic modules. You may redefine the run-time sequence by pressing <CTRL> – <F11>
Function Modules on the PC keyboard. Please refer to the CFC manual. The necessary function
modules (FM) are contained in a library located to the right of the configuration chart.
The module also indicates to which of the four run-time levels (MW_BEARB,
PLC1_BEARB, PLC_BEARB, SFS_BEARB) it is assigned. The modules possess at
least one input and one output. In addition to these inputs and outputs, which are
displayed on the configuration sheet, a module may have additional inputs. The
additional inputs can be made visible by selecting the module title block, pressing the
right mouse button, selecting the menu option 1XPEHU2I,2V (see Figure 5-
34), and then increasing the number.
Figure 5-34 Example of an OR gate: module menu
Under the 2EMHFW3URSHUWLHV menu, you may edit the name of the module, insert
a comment, or edit run-time properties and connection parameters.
Connecting modules with each other, and linking them with system input and output
signals, is performed by selection of the desired modules input or output and
subsequently pressing the right mouse button, and selecting the menu option ,QVHUW
&RQQHFWLRQWR2SHUDQG (see Figure 5-35).
Figure 5-35 Example of module input menu
A window with a list of input signals will appear. By selecting one of these signals and
activating with 2., the selected signal is entered into the left border panel and, from
there, a connection is created to the module input. Selection of an output is done in
the same manner. A connection between two modules is established by a simple
sequential clicking on the two connections.
If the link line display becomes unwieldy or impossible because of space limitations,
the CFC editor creates a pair of connectors (target icons) instead. The link is
recognizable via correlated numbering (see Figure 5-36).
7SA522 Manual 5-39
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Configuration
Connector
Figure 5-36 Connector
Events Events (SP_Ev, DP_Ev) are not suitable for processing in CFC, and should therefore
not be used as input signals.
Consistency check In addition to the sample configuration chart 1, other configuration sheets may exist.
The contents of any particular configuration sheet is compiled by DIGSI® 4 into a
program and processed by the protective device. For CFC charts developed by the
user, syntactic correctness can be verified by clicking the menu command &KDUW, and
then &KHFN&RQVLVWHQF\. The consistency check will determine if the modules
violate conventions of various task levels, or any of the space limitations described
below.
Check of functional correctness must be performed manually.
The completed CFC chart can be saved via menu item &KDUW, and &ORVH. Likewise,
the CFC chart may be reopened and edited by clicking on &KDUW, selecting the
appropriate chart, and clicking on 2SHQ.
Please note that certain limits and restrictions exist due to the available memory and
processing time required. For each of the four PLC task levels there is only a finite
processing time available within the processor system. Each module, each input to a
module (whether connected or not), each link generated from the border columns
demands a specific amount of processing time. The sum total of the individual
processing times in a task level may not exceed the defined maximum processing time
for this level.
The processing time is measured in so called TICKS. In the 7SA522 the following
maximum TICKS are permitted in the various task levels:
Table 5-5 Maximum number of TICKS in the task levels of 7SA522
Run-Time Level Limits in TICKS
0:B%($5% (Measured value processing) 10000
3/&B%($5% (Slow PLC processing) 1900
3/&B%($5% (Fast PLC processing) 200
6)6B%($5% (Interlocking) 10000
In the following table, the amount of TICKS required by the individual elements of a
CFC chart is shown. A generic module refers to a module for which the number of
inputs can be changed. Typical examples are the logic modules AND, NAND, OR,
NOR.
5-40 7SA522 Manual
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Table 5-6 Processing times in TICKS required by the individual elements
Individual Element Amount of TICKS
Module, basic requirement 5
each input more than 3 inputs for generic modules 1
Connection to an input 6
Connection to an output signal 7
Additional for each configuration sheet 1
The utilized processor capacity which is available for the CFC can be checked under
2SWLRQ → 5HSRUWV in the register &KHFNFRQVLVWHQF\. By scrolling, an area is
reached, where information regarding the cumulated memory consumption of the
memory reserved for CFC can be read in percent. Figure 5-37 is an example showing
an over-utilization by 56 % in the task level PLC_BEARB (marked in the Figure), while
the other task levels are within the permissible range.
Figure 5-37 Read-out of the CFC configuration degree of utilization
If the limits are exceeded during configuration of the CFC, DIGSI® 4 issues a warning
(refer to Figure 5-38). After acknowledgement of this alarm, the system utilisation can
be viewed as described above.
Figure 5-38 Warning message on reaching the limits
7SA522 Manual 5-41
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A few examples are given below.
Example 1 (MW): A configuration for low-current monitoring alarm (see Figure 5-39) which can be
Low Current produced using CFC, should be a first example. This element may be used to detect
Monitor operation without load, or to recognize open circuited conditions. By connecting
measured current values with a limit function via an OR function, an indication may be
generated which can be used to cause switching operations.
• The configuration sheet is assigned to task level MW_BEARB.
• Four function modules (3 lower-value limit modules and an OR gate), are taken
from the function module library and copied into the configuration sheet.
• In the left panel, the measurement values to be monitored (IL1, IL2, IL3 in % of the
nominal current) are each selected and connected with the measured value inputs
of each limit module function.
• A lower limit setpoint value (IL<) is linked with the limit inputs of each of three limit
sensor functions.
• The limit value function outputs are passed on to the OR gate.
• The output of the OR gate is connected to the right border column at annunciation
“, DODUP”.
The limit value message is triggered when the preset limit value is below the setpoint
(low current) in at least one of the three phases. The hysteresis of the limit values is
fixed and need not be entered (5 % of set point plus 0.5 % of nominal value).
Measurement FM:
Vol
IL1
Annunciation BO
Lower
Setpoint
Set points
Limit
IL<
Measurement FM:
Vol
IL2 FM:
Annunciation BO
Lower
Setpoint
>1 I<
alarm OUT
Limit
Set points
IL<
FM:
Measurement
Vol
Annunciation BO
IL3 Lower
Setpoint
Limit
Set points
IL<
Figure 5-39 Under-current monitoring as an example of user defined measurement value
processing
Example 2: Interlocking logic (see Figure 5-40) is to be implemented for the operation of an
Isolation Switch isolating switch using function key 4. The user must take the switch position
Interlocking indications of the corresponding isolation switch and the grounding switch into
account. The CLOSE and TRIP indications from the auxiliary contacts of each switch
are used.
5-42 7SA522 Manual
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• Function modules NOR (2 required), XOR, and AND are taken from the library and
copied into the working page.
• The number of inputs of the AND gate is increased to 7.
• The CLOSE indications from the circuit breaker (CB) and from the grounding switch
(GS) are supplied to the inputs of the NOR functions.
• The OPEN indications from the circuit breaker (CB) and from the grounding switch
(GS) are supplied to the inputs of the AND function.
• The switch position indications from the disconnect switch (IS) are linked to the
inputs of the XOR function.
• The outputs of the NOR and XOR gates are connected to the inputs of the AND
function.
• Function key 4 is linked with an input of the AND function.
• The output of the AND gate is linked to the right border column at the switching
command “Disconnector Close”.
Function
Key 4
CB is
CLOSED
≥1
CB is
OPEN
GS is ≥1
CLOSED
&
GS is Disconnector
OPEN Close
IS is
CLOSED
=1
IS is
OPEN
Door
is CLOSED
Figure 5-40 Interlocking an disconnect switch as an example of a user defined interlock
protective function
Example 3 (PLC1): By using slow PLC processing, an additional, event-driven logic condition may be
Additional Logic constructed which delivers indications regarding switch-gear operating status. These
indications may be passed externally via LEDs or relay contacts, or used as input
signals for further logical links. In the example (see Figure 5-41), the output
information indication from the circuit breaker interlocking logic (CB TRIP) and a joint
indication from all protective element trip signals (Protection TRIP) are linked to a new
“&LUFXLW%UHDNHU2SHUDWLRQ” message. Furthermore, the single point indication
(SP) 7HVW2SHU, which may be coupled via a binary input, is linked with an internal
reusable “7HVWRSHU” message.
7SA522 Manual 5-43
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Configuration
CB TRIP
≥1 Circuit Breaker
Protection TRIP Operation
>Test Oper. Test Oper.
Figure 5-41 Additional logic as an example for a PLC_1 event-driven logic condition
5-44 7SA522 Manual
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5.4 Serial Interfaces
Note:
The protection data interfaces for protection transmission are described in Section 6.4
in the protection functions.
The device contains one or more serial interfaces: an operator interface integrated into
the front panel, and — depending on the model ordered — a service interface and a
system interface for connection of a central control system. Certain standards are
necessary for communication via these interfaces, which contain device identification,
transfer protocol, and transfer speed.
Configuration of these interfaces is performed using the DIGSI® 4 software program.
Click on 6HWWLQJ in the navigation window and double-click in the data window on
,QWHUIDFHV. Next, select the specific data in the resulting dialogue box (Figure 5-
42). The dialogue box contains a varying number of tabs (depending on the
capabilities of the PC and the relay) with setting options for the interfaces.
Figure 5-42 DIGSI® 4, Settings of the PC interface
Serial port on PC In the first tab, you enter the communication interface of the PC which is connected to
the 7SA522 relay (&20&20 etc.). Manual entry of settings for data format and
baud-rate need not be made if these values were taken from the “2SHUDWRU
,QWHUIDFH” tab or the “6HUYLFHLQWHUIDFH” tab (if present). In fact, many settings
are read from DIGSI® 4 directly via the interface, and the corresponding setting fields
are then inaccessible (see Figure 5-42). Alternatively, the option ,QGHSHQGHQWRI
GHYLFH may be selected.
Data exchange is monitored by the PC for the reaction times of the device. You may,
within preset limits, configure maximum relay reaction times. The displayed values
RQ 1 and RQ 2 correspond to the preset reaction times in milliseconds. In general,
these values should not be modified. Modification is only necessary if a time-out often
7SA522 Manual 5-45
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Configuration
occurs during communication with the device. In order to modify these values, enter
an integer value for RQ 1, between 200 and 9999, and for RQ 2, from 0 to 9999.
Service and Settings for the interfaces at the device can performed in these tabs. The link
Operator Interface addresses and maximum message gap appear in the 6HUYLFH,QWHUIDFHand
2SHUDWRU,QWHUIDFHtab besides the settings for data format and transfer speed
(example Figure 5-43).
Figure 5-43 DIGSI® 4, Settings for the service interface — example
For the ,(& communication, each SIPROTEC® device must have a unique IEC
address assigned to it. Only the addresses which are within the current address range
and have not yet been occupied are displayed.
The setting for the maximum message gap is only applicable when the device is to
communicate using a modem via one of the interfaces. A gap is the maximum
allowable time duration of interrupted transmission within one telegram transmission.
Transfer gaps are created when using modems as a result of data compression, error
correction, and baud-rate differences. For good data transmission between modems,
a setting of sec is recommended. For poor connections, this value should be
increased.
Large values slow down communications in case of errors. When using a direct PC
connection, 0D[PHVVDJHJDSV may be set to sec.
Note:
Do not use operator interface for modem communication!.
Other Interfaces Enter specific settings and addresses to identify devices in the other tabs, if
necessary, or check the preset values.
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Configuration
Device addresses are used by the system to identify each device and must be unique
throughout the substation. Detailed instructions for setting the interfaces are available
in the “DIGSI® 4 Communications” manual.
If you desire to expand or modify interfaces later, refer to the modification instructions
for the interfaces, and if necessary for the hardware, see also instructions in Sub-
section 8.1.3 of this manual.
Profibus FMS on For a Profibus connection — if available — between a SIPROTEC® device and the
the PC SICAM® SAS or DIGSI® 4, a minimum transfer rate of 500 kBaud is recommended for
disturbance-free communication.
Signal Idle State For optical connections, the signal idle state is preset for “light off.” Modification of the
signal idle state is accomplished in the tab for the interface settings (see Figure 5-44).
Figure 5-44 Settings for an optical interface — example
Reading and Modi- Reading and partial modification of the most important interface settings is possible,
fying Interface Set- using the key-pad and display on the device panel. You may access the setting page
tings at the Device for the interface via 0$,10(18 through 6HWWLQJV → 6HWXS([WUDV → 6HULDO
3RUWV.
Under the sub-menu title 6(5,$/32576, you will find )URQW, 6\VWHP, and 6HUYLFH
3RUW, and selections may be made using the navigation button. By pressing the
button, the sub-menu for a particular interface can be accessed. The display and
the ability to change settings directly at the device are the same at both the front and
service interfaces. Figure 5-45 shows the data of the front (operator) interface, as an
example.
7SA522 Manual 5-47
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Configuration
)52173257
!3K\V$GGU!!!!!
!%DXGUDWH%DXG
3DULW\( ',*6,
Figure 5-45 Reading and setting the front interface at the device panel
The type and number of system interface(s) is dependent on the device type and ver-
sion and might be completely missing. The system interface data may be read at the
device, but cannot be modified there, whereas the data for the operator and service
interface can be modified. In addition to the settings already mentioned for the opera-
tor and service interfaces, the signal idle state for an optical link may also be read at
the device. For an electrical interface, the response “2))²6LJ,QDFWLYH” appears
as shown in Figure 5-46.
6<67(03257
,(&²²
!,(&²²²!
!3K\V$GGUHVV!
!%DXGUDWH%DXG
3DULW\( ',*6,
*DSVVHF
Figure 5-46 Read-out of system interface setting values in the device display — example
5-48 7SA522 Manual
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5.5 Date and Time Stamping
Integrated date and time stamping allows for the exact evaluation of sequence of
events (e.g. operations or error messages, or limit violations). The following clock
settings are available:
• Internal RTC clock (Real Time Clock),
• External synchronization sources (DCF, IRIG B, SyncBox, IEC 60870-5-103),
• External minute impulses via binary input.
For the Distance Protection System with two or three 7SA522-devices connected via
protection data interface (order variant) the time usually is synchronized in only one
device, the so-called “Real-Time-Master” device; generally it is the device with index
1. It synchronizes the other device (or other devices for more than 2 ends) via the
protection communication. Thus it can be assured that all devices of the protection
system operate on the same time basis. Only in case of communication failure each
device is influenced by one of the mentioned time sychronization sources.
Note:
The device is delivered from the factory with the internal RTC clock selected as the
time source, independent of whether the device is equipped with a SCADA interface
or not. If time synchronization is to be carried out from an external apparatus, the latter
has to be indicated.
Time Settings for time synchronization may be found in DIGSI® 4 under 6HWWLQJV →
Synchronization 7LPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQ (Figure 5-47).
Figure 5-47 Setting Window in DIGSI® 4 – example
7SA522 Manual 5-49
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Configuration
To open the 7LPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ )RUPDW window, the user should double-
click on 7LPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ. See Figure 5-48.
Figure 5-48 Dialogue box for time synchronization and format in DIGSI® 4 – example
Here you may select the time standard for internal time stamping. For the master
device you may select from the following modes:
Table 5-7 Operating modes for time synchronization
Item Operating Mode Explanations
1 IQWHUQDO&ORFN Internal synchronization using RTC
2 ,E& ²² External synchronization using the system interface and the IEC 60870–
5–103 protocol
3 ,R,*%7LPHVLJQDO External synchronization using IRIG B
4 '&F7LPHVLJQDO External synchronization using DCF 77
5 SIMEAS time signal 6\QFBR[ External synchronization using SIMEAS Sync. Box
6 3XOsHYLDELQDU\LQSXW External synchronization with pulse via binary input
7 Fieldbus External synchronization via fieldbus
8 Internal or Timing Master Only for devices with digital communication way:
as above No. 1 to 7; normally, however, the time is synchronized by the
9 ,E& or Timing Master absolute timing master. Only when the protection data communication
10 ,R,*%or Timing Master with the absolute time master fails, is the synchronization accomplished
via the indicated source.
11 '&For Timing Master
12 6\QFBR[ or Timing Master
13 %LQDU\LQSXW or Timing Master
14 Fieldbus or Timing Master
The RTC runs, even when the auxiliary voltage is absent, by means of an internal
battery. During the device powering up, or if the auxiliary voltage has failed, this RTC
is the first synchronization source for the internal clock, independent of operating
mode selected.
5-50 7SA522 Manual
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Configuration
In “,QWHUQDO” mode, the system time is controlled using only the RTC as the
synchronization source. It may be set manually. The procedure for manual date/time
setting is given in Section 7.2.1.
If an external source is selected, only the selected synchronization source is used. If
the source fails, the internal clock continues unsynchronized.
If time synchronization is to take place via a master control system, the option ,(&²
²² or 352),%86)06* must be selected (Figure 5-48).
*: not available in firmware Version 4.0 and 4.1
When using radio clock signals, you must take into account that it can take up to three
minutes after device start-up or restored reception for the received time signal to be
decoded. The internal clock is not re-synchronized until then.
With IRIG B, the year must be set manually, because this standard does not include
a year value.
For synchronization using pulses via a binary input, the present device time will
advance to 00 seconds of the next minute for values greater than 30 seconds when
the positive slope of the pulse arrives. For second values less than 30, the device time
will be set to 00 seconds of the current minute. Because this signal is not monitored,
each pulse has a direct effect on the internal clock.
For devices whose clock is synchronized by the “absolute time master”, you must
select one of the options with the supplement „... RU7LPLQJ0DVWHU“ (No. 8 to 14
in Table 5-7). The device only uses the indicated source if it is not supplied with a time
from the “absolute time master”.
Synchronization The “Synchronization Offset” (2IIVHW) setting allows correlation of the time signal
Offset received from the radio clock to local time (time zone). The maximum settable offset
is ± 23 h 59 min = ±1439 min.
Annunciation due The tolerance time ((UURU7LPH / )DXOWLQGLFDWLRQDIWHU) for time
to Missing synchronization fault indicates how long cyclical synchronization may be absent until
Synchronization an alarm is given.
External or internal synchronization normally occurs every minute. The setting for the
tolerance time must, therefore, always be at least two minutes. Under poor radio clock
reception conditions, you may delay the trigger of the “error” status condition even
longer.
Changing the When changing synchronization mode, the hardware will change over to the new
Synchronization source within one second. This causes breakdown of cyclical synchronization, and the
Mode internal clock will be disrupted — as at start-up — until the new synchronization
source takes over.
After modification to the synchronization offset in the time signal/operating mode, or
when changing year in IRIG B, the cyclical synchronization is not lost, but there is a
jump. To call attention to this, the time value causing a jump is reported with “7LPH
LQWHUUXSWLRQ21” — without the synchronization offset, and subsequently with
“7LPHLQWHUUXSWLRQ2))” — with the synchronization offset.
Operating After the “7LPHLQWHUUXSWLRQ21” message, you must take into account that the
Messages from the clock will jump. This message is issued under the following circumstances:
Timing System
7SA522 Manual 5-51
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Configuration
− if a synchronization interruption lasts longer than the tolerance time interval
mentioned above, or as mentioned above, if the synchronization mode is changed;
− if a time jump is anticipated. The message itself is stamped with the old time.
The message “7LPHLQWHUUXSWLRQ2))” is triggered:
− when the synchronization is re-established (e.g., after a break in reception by the
radio clock);
− immediately after a time jump. This message is stamped with the new time after the
jump, thus allowing determination of the jump interval.
Time Format The time display may be set using either the European format (DD.MM.YYYY) or the
US format (MM/DD/YYYY).
5-52 7SA522 Manual
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Functions 6
This chapter describes the numerous functions available in the SIPROTEC® 7SA522
relay. The setting options for each function are defined, including instructions for
reporting setting values and formulae where required.
6.1 General 6-2
6.2 Distance Protection 6-28
6.3 Measures to Be Taken in Case of Power Swings (optional) 6-70
6.4 Protection Data Interfaces and Protection Data Topology (optional) 6-77
6.5 Transmission of Binary Information (optional) 6-86
6.6 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes 6-89
6.7 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional) 6-114
6.8 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional) 6-130
6.9 Weak-Infeed Tripping 6-147
6.10 External Direct and Remote Tripping 6-151
6.11 Overcurrent Protection 6-153
6.12 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection 6-169
6.13 Automatic Reclosure Function (optional) 6-171
6.14 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) 6-201
6.15 Voltage Protection (optional) 6-211
6.16 Fault Location 6-226
6.17 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional) 6-231
6.18 Monitoring Functions 6-248
6.19 Function Control 6-267
6.20 Supplementary Functions 6-283
6.21 Processing of Commands 6-295
7SA522 Manual 6-1
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Functions
6.1 General
A few seconds after the device is switched on, the initial display appears in the LCD.
In the 7SA522 the measured values are displayed.
The setting parameters can be entered via the keypad and display on the front of the
device, or by means of a personal computer connected to the front or service interface
of the device utilising the DIGSI® 4 software package. The level 5 password
(individual parameters) is required.
From the Select the 0$,10(18 by pressing the MENU key. Using the key, select 6HWWLQJV,
Device Front and then press the key to navigate to the 6(77,1*6 display (see Figure 6-1).
In the 6(77,1*6 display, use the key to select the desired function, and then use
the key to navigate to that function (e.g., use the key to select the 36\VWHP
'DWD function, and then use the key to navigate to the 36<67(0'$7$display,
as shown in Figure 6-1.
In general, an item number appears in the menu list to the right of each selection. Nav-
igation can be accomplished using the item number in place of the and keys.
This feature is particularly helpful in large menus (e.g., setting lists). Based on the ex-
ample above, from the 0$,10(18, the 6(77,1*6 display can be reached by press-
ing 4 on the keypad, and then the 36<67(0'$7$ display can be reached by
pressing 0 3 on the keypad.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
&RQWURO²!
6HWWLQJV²! 6(77,1*6
7HVW'LDJQRVH²!
'HYLFH&RQILJ²!
0DVNLQJ ,2 ²!
36\VWHP'DWD²!
*URXS$²!
Figure 6-1 Example of navigation from the front control panel
Each setting contains a four-digit address number followed by the setting title as
shown in Figure 6-2. The value of the current setting is displayed in the line just below
the setting address number and title. The value may be text (Figure 6-2, Address 201)
or numerical (Figure 6-2, Address 202).
36<67(0'$7$
&76WDUSRLQW
WRZDUGV/LQH
9QRP35,0$5<
N9
Figure 6-2 Example of power system data display
6-2 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
Settings are selected using the and keys. When the ENTER key is pressed, the
user is prompted for a password. The user should enter Password No. 5 and then
press the ENTER key. The current value of the setting appears in a text box, with a blink-
ing text insertion cursor.
Text Values A text setting may be modified using the and keys to select one of two or more
options.
Numerical Values A numerical setting may be modified by overwriting the current value using the numer-
(including ∞) ical keypad. See Figure 6-3. A value of “infinity” may be entered by pressing the dec-
imal key twice . . . The “∞”−symbol will appear in the display.
If the number entered is not within allowable limits, the maximum or minimum allowa-
ble value will appear in the lower portion of the display. To enter a new, allowable val-
ue, the ENTER key should be pressed again.
Note that measured values and limit values must be entered in secondary quantities
when using the front control panel of the device.
Confirmation Any modification to a setting value must be confirmed by pressing the ENTER key. A
blinking asterisk is an indication that setting modification mode is still open. Other
modifications can be made to settings, even in sub-menus (if present), as long as set-
ting modification mode is still open. The actual modification of settings occurs once
setting modification mode is closed (see below, “Exiting the Setting Mode”).
Example for numerical setting:
36<67(0'$7$
!9QRP35,0$5< ENTER
!!N9
3:6HWWLQJV" Enter password No. 5 and confirm with
ENTER
9QRP35,0$5< Enter the new value and confirm with ENTER
36<67(0'$7$[ The modified setting value appears in the
list; a blinking asterisk in the title bar indi-
9QRP35,0$5< cates setting modification mode is still
> > > N9
open.
Figure 6-3 Example of setting modification using the front control panel
If a setting modification is not confirmed with the ENTER key, the original value reappears
after one minute, and a message window appears after three minutes notifying the
user that the setting modification period has expired. When the ENTER key is pressed, a
further message window appears, notifying the user that the setting modifications
were discarded. Further modification of settings is possible by pressing the ENTER key
and re-entering the password.
7SA522 Manual 6-3
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Functions
Exiting the If an attempt is made to exit setting modification mode using the key or the MENU key,
Setting Mode the message $UH\RXVXUH" will be displayed followed by the responses <HV1R
and (VFDSH (see Figure 6-4). If the response <HV is selected, modification of settings
can be confirmed by pressing the ENTER key. To cancel pending modifications to settings
and exit setting modification mode, the response 1R must be selected. Press the
key until the response 1Ris highlighted. Press the ENTER key to confirm and exit. Incor-
rect entries may be retracted in this manner. To remain in the setting modification
mode, press the key until the response (VFDSHis highlighted. Press the ENTER key
to confirm, and the user can remain in setting modification mode without down-loading
modifications.
$UH\RXVXUH"
ENTER
!<HV1R(VFDSH
6HWWLQJVDUHRN
!&RQWLQXH ENTER
Figure 6-4 Ending the setting mode using the front control panel
:
From PC with Using DIGSI® 4 to modify settings.
DIGSI® 4
To select a function, double-click on 6HWWLQJV, and then double-click on the desired
setting function (e.g., 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD is selected by double-clicking
6HWWLQJV, and then double-clicking 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD as illustrated in Figure
6-5).
K450.gif
Figure 6-5 Navigating using DIGSI® 4 — example
6-4 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
A dialogue box associated with the selected function is displayed (e.g., if 3RZHU
6\VWHP'DWD function is selected, the dialogue box shown in Figure 6-6 will
appear). If a function contains many settings, the dialogue box may include multiple
windows. In this situation, the user can select individual windows via tabs located at
the top of the dialogue box (e.g., in Figure 6-6, tabs exist for 3RZHU6\VWHP, &7·V,
97·V, and %UHDNHU).
Figure 6-6 Power system data dialogue box in DIGSI® 4 — example
The left column of the dialogue box (identified as the 1R column) contains the four-
digit address number of the setting. The middle column of the dialogue box (identified
as the 6HWWLQJV column) contains the title of the setting, and the right column of the
dialogue box (identified as the 9DOXH column) contains the current value of the setting
in text or numerical format. When the mouse cursor is positioned over a numerical field
in the 9DOXH column, the allowable range is shown.
To modify a setting, click on the setting value which is displayed in the 9DOXH column.
Text Values When a text setting value is selected, a pull-down menu of possible setting options is
displayed. To modify the setting, simply click on the desired option. The pull-down
menu closes, and the new setting value appears in the 9DOXH column.
Numerical Values When a numerical setting value is selected, the setting is modified using the number
(including ∞) keys, if applicable, with a decimal comma (not a decimal point). A value of “infinity”
may be entered by pressing the small o key twice. Confirm the setting modification by
clicking on $SSO\, or select another setting to modify.
7SA522 Manual 6-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
If the value entered is outside the allowable range, a message block appears on the
screen describing the error and displaying the acceptable range of values. To
acknowledge the message, click 2., and the original value reappears. A new entry
can be made or another setting value can be modified.
Primary or Setting values can be entered and displayed in primary terms or secondary terms, as
Secondary Values desired. DIGSI® 4 automatically performs the conversions based on the settings
entered for the transformer data and conversion ratios.
To switch between primary values and secondary values:
q Click on 2SWLRQV in the menu bar, as shown in Figure 6-7.
q Click on the desired alternative.
Another method is available by using the buttons on the toolbar.
Figure 6-7 Selection of primary or secondary value entry — example
Additional Settings Those settings that are modified only in special cases are typically hidden. They may
be made visible by checking on 'LVSOD\$GGLWLRQDO6HWWLQJV.
Confirmation Each entry may be confirmed by clicking $SSO\. Valid values are accepted
automatically when another field is selected.
The final acceptance of a modified setting takes place once the setting mode is exited
(see below “Exiting the Setting Mode”).
The dialogue box may be closed by clicking 2.. Once closed, another function may
be selected for setting modification, or you can exit the setting mode.
Exiting the In order to transfer the modified setting values to the relay, the user should click on
Setting Mode ',*6, → 'HYLFH. The user will be prompted for Password No. 5. After entering the
password and confirming with 2., data is transferred to the relay where modifications
become effective.
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Functions
6.1.1 Power System Data 1
Some system and plant data are required by the device, so that it may adapt its
functions to these data, according to its mode of operation. Amongst others, the plant
and instrument transformer ratings, polarity and termination of the measured values,
parameters of the circuit breaker, etc. These data are summarized in 3RZHU6\VWHP
'DWD 36\VWHP'DWD .
If the key MENU is operated, the main menu is displayed. With the key the option
6HWWLQJV is selected and by pushing the key the selection of 6HWWLQJVis
confirmed. To enter the plant data 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD 36\VWHP'DWD
must be selected in the menu 6HWWLQJV.
With DIGSI® 4 the corresponding selection is reached by double click on 6HWWLQJV.
Polarity of Current In address &76WDUSRLQW the polarity of the current transformers must be
Transformers entered, in other words, the location of the CT star-point (Figure 6-8). This setting
determines the measuring direction of the device (forward = line direction). A change
of this parameter also results in the polarity reversal of the earth current input.
%XV
IL1 IN
IL2
IL3
IL1
IN IL2
IL3
/LQH /LQH
$GGUHVV $GGUHVV
WRZDUGV/LQH WRZDUGV%XVEDU
Figure 6-8 Current transformer polarity
Instrument In the address 8QRP35,0$5< and 8QRP6(&21'$5< the device is
Transformer informed of the primary and secondary rated voltage (line voltage) of the voltage
Nominal Values transformers. In the address &735,0$5< and &76(&21'$5< the primary
and secondary rated current (phase current) of the current transformers are entered.
Please observe that the rated current transformer secondary current must
corresponds to the rated current of the device, as the device would otherwise compute
incorrect primary data.
Correct entry of the primary data is a prerequisite for the correct computation of
operational measured values with primary magnitude. If DIGSI® 4 is used to enter
parameters as primary quantities, the correct entry of the primary data is an important
prerequisite for the correct operation of the device.
Voltage The device contains four voltage measuring inputs, three of which are connected to
Transformer the set of voltage transformers. For the fourth voltage transformer U4 input several
Connection options are available:
7SA522 Manual 6-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
• Connection of the U4 input to the open delta connection e–n of a set of voltage
transformers, refer to appendix A, Figure A-20:
Address is then set to: 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8GHOWDWUDQVI.
When connected to the e-n winding of a set of voltage transformers, the voltage
transformation ratio of the voltage transformers is usually:
⁄ ---------------
- ⁄ ---------------
U Nprim U Nsec U Nsec
------------------ -
3 3 3
In this case the factor 8SK8GHOWD (address , matching ratio for the
secondary nominal voltages of phase voltage transformer and open-delta voltage)
must be set to 3/√3 = √3 ≈ 1.73. For other transformation ratios, e.g. when the
displacement voltage is generated by means of interposing transformers, this factor
must be adjusted accordingly. This factor is of importance for the monitoring of the
measured values and the scaling of the measurement and disturbance recording
signals.
• In case the busbar voltage is connected to the U4 input for synchronism check, refer
also to appendix A, e.g. Fig A-15. In this case address is set to: 8
WUDQVIRUPHU = 8V\QFWUDQVI
If the transformation ratio differs from that of the line voltage transformers this can
be adapted with the setting in address 8OLQH8V\QF. In address
8V\QFFRQQHFW, the type of voltage used for synchronism check is configured.
According to this setting, the device automatically selects the appropriate phase to
phase or phase to ground voltage. If the two reference voltages used for
synchronism check are not separated by a device that causes a relative phase shift
of the measured voltages (e.g. star-delta power transformer) then the parameter in
address ϕ8V\QF8OLQH is not required. If however a transformer with a
vector group unequal to zero separates the two voltage sources, this setting must
be used to compensate the phase shift according to the vector group of the
transformer. This setting is only available in DIGSI 4 under $GGLWLRQDO
6HWWLQJV. The phase angle setting is defined as follows: place Usync at zero
degrees as reference voltage, draw in Uline with the correct phase relationship
relative to Usync; the setting corresponds to the angle of 8V\QF measured in
counter-clockwise direction.
Example (refer also to Figure 6-9):
Busbar 400kV primary
110 V secondary
Feeder 220 kV primary
100 V secondary
Transformer 400 kV / 220 kV
Vector group Yd(n) 5
The vector group of the transformer defines the phase shift of the voltage from the
high voltage to the low voltage side (Vector group 5 corresponds to a phase shift of
5 x 30° in the clockwise direction of the low voltage side relative to the high voltage
side). In this example, the feeder voltage is connected to the low voltage side of the
transformer. If Usync (busbar or high voltage side) is placed at zero degrees, then
Uline is at 5 x 30° in the clockwise direction, i.e. at –150°. According to the definition
for the setting, the angle from 8V\QFto8OLQH in the counter-clockwise direction
must be taken, i.e. °.
Address $: ϕ8V\QF8OLQH = 360° - 150° = 210°
Since the busbar voltage transformer provides 110 V secondary with nominal
primary voltage and the line voltage transformer only 100 V under the same
6-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
conditions, this difference must also be considered:
Address : 8OLQH8V\QF = 100 V/ 110 V =
L1
Busbar
L2
400 kV
L3
(any voltage)
400 kV
Yd5 110 V
400 kV/220 kV
USS
220 kV/100 V
UL1
UL2
87UDQVIRUPHU = 8SS7UDQVIRUPHU
UL3 8SS&211 = /²/
ϕ 8SS8OLQH = °
UE 8OLQH8SS:'/ =
feeder
220 kV
Figure 6-9 Busbar voltage, measured across a transformer
• Connection of the U4 input to any other voltage signal UX, which may be processed
by the overvoltage protection function, refer to Appendix A, Figure A-21:
Address is then set: 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8[WUDQVIRUPHU.
It is assumed, that the Ux transformer ratio is equal to the phase voltage transfomer
ratio.
• If the U4 input is not required, the following setting is applied:
Address 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 1RWFRQQHFWHG.
Also in this case the factor 8SK8GHOWD (Address , refer to the above) is of
importance, as it is utilised for the scaling of the measurement and disturbance
recording signals.
Current The device contains four current measurement inputs, three of which are connected
Transformer to the set of current transformers. The fourth current measuring input I4 may be utilised
Connection in various ways:
• Connection of the I4 input to the earth current in the starpoint of the set of current
transformers on the protected feeder (normal connection, refer to Appendix A,
Figure A-15):
Address is then set to: ,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSURWOLQH and
Address to ,,SK&7 = 1.
• Connection of the I4 input to a separate earth current transformer on the protected
feeder (e.g. a summation CT, refer to Appendix A, e.g. Figure A-16).
Address is then set to: ,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSURWOLQH and
Address is set to ,,SK&7:
Ratio of earth current transformer
I 4 ⁄ I ph CT = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio of phase current transformers
7SA522 Manual 6-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
This is independent on whether the device has a normal measured current input for
I4 or a sensitive measured current input for I4.
Example:
Phase current transformers 500 A/5 A
Cable core balance current transformer60 A/1 A
60 ⁄ 1
I 4 ⁄ I ph CT = ----------------- = 0.600
500 ⁄ 5
• Connection of the I4input to the earth current of the parallel line (for parallel line
compensation of the distance protection and/or fault location function, refer to
Appendix A, Figure A-17):
Address is then set to: ,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSDUDOOLQH and
usually address is set to ,,SK&7 = 1.
If the set of current transformers on the parallel line however has a different ratio to
those on the protected line, this must be taken into account in address 221:
Address is then set so that: ,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSDUDOOLQH and
Address so that ,,SK&7 = IN paral. line /IN prot. line.
Example:
Current transformers on protected feeder1200 A
Current transformers on parallel feeder1500 A
1500
I 4 ⁄ I ph = ------------- = 1.250
1200
• Connection of the I4 input to the neutral current of a power transformer; this
connection can be used for the polarisation of the directional earth fault protection
(refer to Appendix A, Figure A-18):
Address is then set to: ,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,<VWDUSRLQW, and
address ,,SK&7 according to the ratio of the transformation ratios of the
current transformer in the transformer neutral and the set of current transformers on
the protected feeder.
• If the I4 input is not required, the following settings are applied:
Address ,WUDQVIRUPHU = 1RWFRQQHFWHG,
Address ,,SK&7 is then irrelevant.
In this case the zero sequence current for the protection functions is computed by
means of the sum of the phase currents.
Rated Frequency Address 230 5DWHG)UHTXHQF\ corresponds to the frequency at which the power
system operates. The setting is dependent on the model number of the relay
purchased, and must be in accordance with the nominal frequency of the power
system.
Phase Rotation Address 3+$6(6(4 is used to establish the phase rotation. The preset phase
sequence is “L1 L2 L3”. For systems that use a phase sequence of “L1 L3 L2”, address
must be set accordingly.
Units of Length Address 'LVWDQFH8QLW corresponds to the units of length (miles or km)
applicable to fault locating. Changing the length unit will not result in an automatic
conversion. The new setting values must be entered at the appropriate addresses.
6-10 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
Mode of Earth Matching of the earth to line impedance ratio is an essential prerequisite for the
Impedance accurate measurement of the fault distance (distance protection, fault location) during
(Residual) earth faults. In address )RUPDW== the format for entering the residual
Compensation compensation is determined. It is possible to either use the ratio 5(5/ and ;(;/ or
to enter the complex earth (residual) impedance factor .. The actual setting of the
earth (residual) impedance factors is done in conjunction with the general protection
data (refer to Section 6.1.3).
Closing time of the The closing time of the circuit breaker 7&%FORVH (address 239) is necessary if the
circuit breaker synchro-check function of the relay is used also for asynchronous switching. In this
case, the relay calculates the ideal closing instant such that the two voltages (bus bar
and feeder) are in synchronism at the instant when the breaker primary contacts close.
Trip/Close Under address $ the minimum trip command duration 70LQ75,3&0' is set.
Command Duration This applies to all protection and control functions which may issue a trip command.
This also determines the length of the trip command pulse when a circuit breaker trip
test is initiated via the device. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under
“Additional Settings”.
Under address $ the maximum close command duration 70D[&/26(&0' is set.
This applies to all close commands issued by the device. It also determines the length
of the close command pulse when a circuit breaker test cycle is issued via the device.
It must be set long enough to ensure that the circuit breaker has securely closed.
There is no risk in setting this time too long, as the close command will in any event
be terminated following a new trip command from a protection function. This setting
can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Circuit Breaker With the 7SA522 it is possible to initiate from the front of the device or with DIGSI® 4
Test an on load circuit breaker test consisting of a trip and close command. The duration of
the commands is determined by the command duration settings above. With address
7&%WHVWGHDG the duration from the end of the trip command up to the start of
the close command for this test is determined. This setting should not be shorter than
0.1 s.
6.1.1.1 Settings
Note: The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings
refer to IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A these values are to be multiplied by 5.
Addresses with an attached „A“ can only be changed with DIGSI® 4 in “Additional
Settings“..
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
201 CT Starpoint towards Line towards Line CT Starpoint
towards Busbar
203 Unom PRIMARY 1.0..1200.0 kV 400.0 kV Rated Primary Voltage
204 Unom SECON- 80..125 V 100 V Rated Secondary Voltage (L-L)
DARY
205 CT PRIMARY 10..5000 A 1000 A CT Rated Primary Current
7SA522 Manual 6-11
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Functions
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
206 CT SECONDARY 1A 1A CT Rated Secondary Current
5A
210 U4 transformer not connected not connected U4 voltage transformer is
Udelta transformer
Usync transformer
Ux reference transformer
211 Uph / Udelta 0.10..9.99 1.73 Matching ratio Phase-VT To
Open-Delta-VT
212 Usync connect. L1-E L1-L2 VT connection for sync. voltage
L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
214A ϕ Usync-Uline 0..360 ° 0° Angle adjustment Usync-Uline
215 U-line / Usync 0.80..1.20 1.00 Matching ratio U-line / Usync
220 I4 transformer not connected Neutral Current (of I4 current transformer is
Neutral Current (of the pro- the protected line)
tected line)
Neutral Current of the paral-
lel line
Starpoint Curr. of earthed
power transf.
221 I4/Iph CT 0.010..5.000 1.000 Matching ratio I4/Iph for CT’s
230 Rated Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz Rated Frequency
60 Hz
235 PHASE SEQ. L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 Phase Sequence
L1 L3 L2
236 Distance Unit km km Distance measurement unit
Miles
237 Format Z0/Z1 Zero seq. comp. factors RE/ Zero seq. comp. Setting format for zero
RL and XE/XL factors RE/RL and seq.comp. format
Zero seq. comp. factor K0 XE/XL
and angle(K0)
239 T-CB close 0.01..0.60 sec 0.06 sec Closing (operating) time of CB
240A TMin TRIP CMD 0.02..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Minimum TRIP Command Dura-
tion
241A TMax CLOSE CMD 0.01..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Maximum Close Command
Duration
242 T-CBtest-dead 0.00..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Dead Time for CB test-autore-
closure
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6.1.2 Setting Groups
Purpose of Setting A setting group is a collection of setting values to be used for a particular application.
Groups In the 7SA522 relay, four independent setting groups (A to D) are possible. The user
can switch between setting groups locally, via binary inputs (if so configured), via the
operator or service interface using a personal computer, or via the system interface.
A setting group includes the setting values for all functions that have been selected as
(QDEOHG during configuration (see Chapter 5). Whilst setting values may vary among
the four setting groups, the selected functions of each setting group remain the same.
Multiple setting groups allows a specific relay to be used for more than one application.
While all setting groups are stored in the relay, only one setting group may be active
at a given time.
If multiple setting groups are not required, Group A is the default selection, and the
rest of this sub-section is of no importance.
If multiple setting groups are desired, address *US&KJH237,21 must have
been set to (QDEOHG in the relay configuration. Refer to Chapter 5. Each of these sets
(A to D) is adjusted one after the other.
Copying Setting In most cases, only a few settings will vary from setting group to setting group. For this
Groups reason, an option exists to copy stored setting values from one setting group to
another setting group using DIGSI® 4:
To copy the setting values from setting group to another setting group, you should
highlight the setting group in the list whose setting values are to be copied. Next, go
to the menu bar, click on(GLW and select &RS\ (see Figure 6-10).
Figure 6-10 Copying a setting group in DIGSI® 4
7SA522 Manual 6-13
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The next step is to highlight the name of setting group in the list into which the setting
values should be copied. Go to the menu bar, click on (GLW and select 3DVWH. A
confirmation box will appear (see Figure 6-11). Select <HV to copy the setting values.
Note:
All existing setting values in the setting group that has been copied to will be overwrit-
ten. An inadvertent copy operation can be reversed by closing and reopening the
DIGSI® 4 session without saving changes.
Figure 6-11 DIGSI® 4: Confirmation before copying a setting group
Setting groups may be copied more easily using the “Drag & Drop” feature. To use the
“Drag & Drop” feature, the name of the setting group in the list whose setting values
are to be copied should be highlighted. Holding down the left mouse button, the cursor
can then be dragged to the name of the setting group into which the setting values are
to be copied.
After copying setting groups, it is only necessary to modify those setting values that
are to be set differently.
Restoring Factory The factory settings may be restored for a modified setting group. To restore factory
Settings settings to a setting group, the name of the setting group whose settings are to be
restored is highlighted. Next, select the menu option (GLW and then click on 5HVHW.
A confirmation box appears, click on <HV to confirm restoration of factory settings.
Note:
All setting values in the setting group being restored to factory settings will be over-
written. An inadvertent reset operation can be reversed by closing and reopening the
DIGSI® 4 session without saving changes.
Switching between The procedure to switch from one setting group to another during operations is
Setting Groups described in Sub-section 7.2.2. The option of switching between several setting
groups externally via binary inputs is described in Subsection 8.1.2.
6-14 7SA522 Manual
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6.1.2.1 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
302 CHANGE Group A Group A Change to Another Setting
Group B Group
Group C
Group D
Binary Input
Protocol
6.1.2.2 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
7 >Set Group Bit0 >Setting Group Select Bit 0
8 >Set Group Bit1 >Setting Group Select Bit 1
Group A Group A
Group B Group B
Group C Group C
Group D Group D
7SA522 Manual 6-15
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6.1.3 General Protection Data
General protection data (36<67(0'$7$) includes settings associated with all
functions rather than a specific protective or monitoring function. In contrast to the
Power System Data 1 (36<67(0'$7$) as discussed in Sub-section 6.1.1, these
settings can be changed over with the setting groups. To modify these settings, select
the 6(77,1*6 menu option *URXS$ (setting group A), and then 36\VWHP'DWD.
The other setting groups are *URXS%*URXS&, and *URXS', as described in
Subsection 6.1.2.
System starpoint The device is suited to systems with an earthed system starpoint (effective or low
(neutral) impedance earthed).
Rating of the The rated primary voltage (line voltage) and rated primary current (phase) of the
Protected Plant protected plant are entered in the address )XOO6FDOH9ROW and
)XOO6FDOH&XUU. These parameters influence the display of the operational
measured values in percent. If these ratings correspond to those of the voltage and
current transformers, the settings are the same as those in address and
(Section 6.1.16.1.1).
General Line Data The settings of the line data in this case refers to the common data which is
independent on the actual distance protection grading.
The line angle (Address /LQH$QJOH) may be derived from the line parameters.
The following applies:
XL XL
tan ϕ = ------- or ϕ = arc tan -------
RL R L
where RL being the resistance and XL the reactance of the protected feeder. The line
parameters may either apply to the entire line length, or be per unit of line length as
the quotient is independent of length. Furthermore it makes no difference is the
quotients were calculated with primary or secondary values.
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 with the following data
R’1 = 0.19 Ω/km
X’1 = 0.42 Ω/km
The line angle is computed as follows
XL X’1 0.42 Ω /km
tan ϕ = ------- = -------- = ----------------------------- = 2.21 ϕ = 65.7°
RL R’1 0.19 Ω /km
In address the setting /LQH$QJOH = ° is entered.
The per unit length reactance X' is entered as relative quantity [
, in address in
Ω/km, when for example the unit of length is given in NP (Address , refer to Section
6.1.1 under “8QLWVRI/HQJWK” or under address in Ω/mile, when the unit of
length is given in 0LOHV. The corresponding line length is entered in address
/LQH/HQJWK in kilometres or under address /LQH/HQJWK in miles. If the unit
6-16 7SA522 Manual
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of length in address 236 is changed after the per unit length impedances in address
1110 or 1112 or the line length in address 1111 or 1113 have been entered, the line
data must be entered again for the revised unit of length.
When entering the parameters with a personal computer and DIGSI ® 4 the values
may optionally also be entered as primary values. The following conversion to
secondary quantities is then not required.
For the conversion from primary to secondary values the following applies in general:
Ratio of current transformers
Z sec = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ⋅ Z prim
Ratio of voltage transformers
Correspondingly the following applies to the per unit length reactance of a line:
N CT
X’sek = ----------- ⋅ X’prim
N VT
with
NCT — Ratio of the current transformers
NVT — Ratio of the voltage transformers
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 similar to above
R'1 = 0.19 Ω/km
X'1 = 0.42 Ω/km
Current transformer 600 A/1 A
Voltage transformer 110 kV/0.1 kV
The secondary per unit length reactance is therefore:
N CT 600 A/1 A
- ⋅ X’prim = --------------------------------------- ⋅ 0.42 Ω /km = 0.229 Ω /km
X’sec = ---------
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
In address the following is set [
= Ω/km.
Earth Impedance Matching of the earth to line impedance is an essential prerequisite for the accurate
(Residual) measurement of the fault distance (distance protection, fault locator) during earth
Compensation faults. This compensation is either achieved by entering the resistance ratio RE/RL
and the reactance ratio XE/XL or by entry of the complex earth (residual)
compensation factor K0. Which of these two entry options applies was determined by
the setting in address )RUPDW== (refer to Section 6.1.16.1.1).
Corresponding to the option determined there, only the relevant addresses appear
here.
Earth Impedance When entering the resistance ratio RE/RL and the reactance ratio XE/XL the addresses
(Residual) to apply. These ratios are simply formally calculated and are not identical
Compensation with the real and imaginary part of ZE/ZL. A computation with complex numbers is
with Scalar Factors therefore not necessary! The values may derived from the line data using the following
RE/RL and XE/XL equations:
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Resistance ratio: Reactance ratio:
RE 1 R XE 1 X
------- = --- ⋅ ------0- – 1 ------- = --- ⋅ ------0 – 1
RL 3 R1 XL 3 X1
Whereby the following applies
R0 — Zero sequence resistance of the line
X0 — Zero sequence reactance of the line
R1 — Positive sequence resistance of the line
X1 — Positive sequence reactance of the line
These values may either apply to the entire line length or be based on a per unit of line
length, as the quotient is independent of length. Furthermore it makes no difference if
the quotients are calculated with primary or secondary values.
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 with the following data
R1/s = 0.19 Ω/km
X1/s = 0.42 Ω/km Positive sequence impedance
R0/s = 0.53 Ω/km
X0/s = 1.19 Ω/km Zero sequence impedance
(where s = line length)
The following results are obtained for the earth impedance ratio:
RE 1 R0 1 0.53 Ω /km
------- = --- ⋅ ------- – 1 = --- ⋅ ----------------------------- – 1 = 0.60
RL 3 R1 3 0.19 Ω /km
XE 1 X 1 1.19 Ω /km
------- = --- ⋅ ------0 – 1 = --- ⋅ ----------------------------- – 1 = 0.61
XL 3 X1 3 0.42 Ω /km
The earth impedance (residual) compensation factor setting for the first zone Z1 may
be different from that of the remaining zones of the distance protection. This allows the
setting of the exact values for the protected line, while at the same time the setting for
the back-up zones may be a close approximation even when the following lines have
substantially different earth impedance ratios (e.g. cable after an overhead line).
Accordingly, the settings for the address 5(5/ = and ;(;/ =
are determined with the data of the protected line while the addresses 5(
5/ =%= and ;(;/ =%= apply to the remaining zones Z1B
and Z2 up to Z5 (as seen from the relay location).
Earth Impedance When the complex earth impedance (residual) compensation factor K 0 is set, the
(Residual) addresses to apply. In this case it is most relevant that the line angle is set
Compensation with correctly (cf Address , see paragraph “General Line Data”, page 16) as the
Magnitude and device needs the line angle to calculate the compensation components from the K0–
Angle (K0–Factor) factor. These factors are defined with their magnitude and angle which may be
calculated with the line data using the following equation:
ZE 1 Z
- = --- ⋅ -----0- – 1
K 0 = ------
ZL 3 Z1
Whereby the following applies
Z0 — (complex) zero sequence impedance of the line
Z1 — (complex) positive sequence impedance of the line
6-18 7SA522 Manual
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These values may either apply to the entire line length or be based on a per unit of line
length, as the quotients are independent of length. Furthermore it makes no difference
if the quotients are calculated with primary or secondary values.
For overhead lines it is generally possible to calculate with scalar quantities as the
angle of the zero sequence and positive sequence system only differ by an
insignificant amount. With cables however, significant angle differences may exist as
illustrated by the following example.
Calculation example:
110 kV single conductor oil-filled cable 3×185 mm2 Cu with the following data
Z1/s = 0.408·ej73° Ω/km positive sequence impedance
Z0/s = 0.632·ej18,4° Ω/km zero sequence impedance
(where s = line length)
The calculation of the earth impedance (residual) compensation factor K0 results in:
Z0 0.632 j(18.4°–73°) –j54.6°
------ = --------------- ⋅ e = 1.55 ⋅ e = 1.55 ⋅ ( 0.579 – j0.815 )
Z1 0.408
= 0.898 – j1.263
1 Z0 1 1
K 0 = --- ⋅ ------ – 1 = --- ⋅ ( 0.898 – j1.263 – 1 ) = --- ⋅ ( – 0.102 – j1.263 )
3 Z1 3 3
The magnitude of K0 is therefore
1 2 2
K 0 = --- ⋅ ( – 0.102 ) + ( – 1.263 ) = 0.42
3
When determining the angle, the quadrant of the result must be considered. The
following table indicates the quadrant and range of the angle which is determined by
the signs of the calculated real and imaginary part of K0.
Table 6-1 Quadrants and range of the angle of K0
Real part Imaginary tan ϕ(K0) Quadrant/Range Rules for calculation
part
+ + + I 0° ... +90° arctan(|Im|/|Re|)
+ – – IV –90° ... 0° –arctan(|Im|/|Re|)
– – + III –90° ... –180° arctan(|Im|/|Re|) – 180°
In this example the following result is obtained:
ϕ ( K 0 ) = arc tan --------------- – 180° = – 94.6°
1.263
0.102
The magnitude and angle of the earth impedance (residual) compensation factors
setting for the first zone Z1 and the remaining zones of the distance protection may be
different. This allows to set the exact values for the protected line, while at the same
time the setting for the back-up zones may be a close approximate even when the
7SA522 Manual 6-19
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following lines have substantially different earth impedance ratios (e.g. cable after an
overhead line). Accordingly, the settings for the address . = and
$QJOH. = are determined with the data of the protected line while the addresses
. != and $QJOH,. != apply to the remaining zones Z1B
and Z2 up to Z5 (as seen from the relay location).
Note:
If a combination of values is set which is not recognized by the device, it operates with
preset values K0 = 1·e0°. The following event locks appear: „'LV(UURU. != “
or “'LV(UURU. = “.
Parallel Line Mutual If the device is applied to a double circuit line (parallel lines) and parallel line
Impedance compensation for the distance and/or fault location function is used, the mutual
(optional) coupling of the two lines must be considered. A prerequisite for this is that the earth
(residual) current of the parallel line has been connected to the measuring input I4 of
the device and that this was configured with the power system data (Section 6.1.1) by
setting the appropriate parameters.
The coupling factors may be determined using the following equations:
Resistance ratio: Reactance ratio:
RM 1 R 0M XM 1 X 0M
-------- = --- ⋅ ----------- -------- = --- ⋅ ----------
RL 3 R1 XL 3 X1
with
R0M — mutual zero sequence resistance (coupling resistance) of the line
X0M — mutual zero sequence reactance (coupling reactance) of the line
R1 — positive sequence resistance of the line
X1 — positive sequence reactance of the line
These values may either apply to the entire double circuit line length or be based on
a per unit of line length, as the quotient is independent on length. Furthermore it makes
no difference if the quotients are calculated with primary or secondary values.
These setting values only apply to the protected line and are entered in the addresses
505/3DUDO/LQH and ;0;/3DUDO/LQH.
For earth faults on the protected feeder there is in theory no additional distance
protection or fault locator measuring error when the parallel line compensation is used.
The setting in address 5$7,23DU&RPS is therefore only relevant for earth
faults outside the protected feeder. It provides the current ratio IE/IEP for the earth
current balance of the distance protection (in Figure 6-12 for the device at location II),
above which compensation should take place. In general, a presetting of 85% is
sufficient. A more sensitive (larger) setting has no advantage. Only in the case of a
severe system un-symmetry, or a very small coupling factor (XM/XL below
approximately 0.4), a smaller setting may be useful. A more detailed explanation of
parallel line compensation can be found in section 6.2.2.1, under distance protection.
6-20 7SA522 Manual
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I
IEP
IE
II
l
Figure 6-12 reach with Parallel Line Compensation at II
The current ratio may also be calculated from the desired reach of the parallel line
compensation and vice versa. The following applies (refer to Figure 6-12):
IE x⁄l x 2
--- = -------------------------
-------- = ------------------ or l 1
I EP 2–x⁄l 1 + ---------------
I E ⁄ I EP
Current The 7SA522 contains a saturation detector which largely eliminates the measuring
Transformer errors resulting from the saturation of the current transformers. The threshold above
Saturation which it picks up can be set in address ,&7VDW7KUHV. This is the current
level above which saturation may be present. The setting ∞ disables the saturation
detector. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional
Settings”. If current transformer saturation is expected, the following equation may be
used as a thumb rule for this setting:
n’
Setting value I-CTsat. Thres. = -------------------- ⋅ I nom
1 + ωτ N
where
P N + Pi
n'= n · ------------------
- = actual over-current factor (accuracy limit factor)
P’ + P i
PN = rated burden of the current transformer [VA]
Pi = internal burden of the current transformer [VA]
P' = actual connected burden (protection device + connection cable)
ω = 2πf = system frequency
τN = system time constant
Circuit Breaker In order to function optimally, several protection and supplementary functions require
Status information regarding the state of the circuit breaker. The device contains a circuit
breaker state recognition function which processes the status of the circuit breaker
auxiliary contacts as well as recognising switching operations, close and open, by
processing of measured values (refer also to Section 6.19).
In address $ the remaining current 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW, which will definitely not
be exceeded when the circuit breaker pole is open, is set. If parasitic currents (e.g.
through induction) can be excluded when the circuit breaker is open, this setting may
be very sensitive. Otherwise this setting must be increased correspondingly. In most
7SA522 Manual 6-21
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cases the preset value is sufficient. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4
under “Additional Settings”.
The remaining voltage 3ROH2SHQ9ROWDJH which will definitely not be exceeded
when the circuit breaker pole is open, is set in address $. Voltage transformers
are presumed to be on the line side. The setting should not be too sensitive because
of possible parasitic voltages (e.g. due to capacitive coupling). It must in any event be
set below the smallest phase-earth voltage which may be expected during normal
operation. The preset value is usually sufficient. This setting can only be modified with
DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The switch-on-to-fault activation (seal-in) time 6,7LPHDOO&O (address $)
determines the activation period of the protection functions enabled during each
energization of the line (e.g. fast tripping high-current stage). This time is started by
the internal circuit breaker switching detection when it recognizes energization of the
line or by the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts, if these are connected to the device via
binary input to provide information that the circuit breaker has closed. The time should
therefore be set to be longer than the circuit breaker operating time during closing plus
the operating time of this protection function plus the circuit breaker operating time
during opening. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional
Settings”.
In address /LQH&ORVXUH the criteria for the internal recognition of line
energization are determined. In the case of RQO\ZLWK0DQ&O only the manual close
signal derived via binary input is used to recognize the circuit breaker closing
condition. With the setting ,258RU0DQ&O the measured currents or voltages are
used as an additional criterion to recognise energization of the line. &%25,RU0
& on the other hand implies that either the currents or the circuit breaker auxiliary
contact state is used to determine closing of the circuit breaker. If the voltage
transformer are not situated on the line side, the setting &%25,RU0& must be
used. In the case of ,RU0DQ&ORVH only the currents or the manual close signals
are used to recognize closing of the circuit breaker.
While the seal-in time after all closures (6,7LPHDOO&O address $, refer
above) is activated following each recognition of line energization, the seal-in time
after manual closures (6,7LPH0DQ&O address $) is the time following
manual closure during which special influence of the protection functions is activated
(e.g. increased reach of the distance protection). This setting can only be modified
with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Note:
For CB Test and automatic reclosure the CB auxiliary contact status derived with the
binary inputs > CB1 ... (FNo. 366 - 371, 410 and 411) are relevant for indicating the
CB switching status. The other binary inputs > CB ... (FNo. 351 - 353, 379 and 380)
apply to the recognition of line status (address 1134) and reset of trip command
(address 1135) which is used by the other protection functions, e.g. echo function,
switch-onto-fault overcurrent etc. . For applications with only one CB, both binary input
functions e.g. 366 and 351 can be allocated to the same physical input.
In address 0$1&/26( the selection is made whether the synchronism check
between the busbar voltage and the voltage of the switched feeder must be done for
a manual close. To do this, either the device must have integrated synchronism check
function or an external device for synchronism check must be connected.
In the former case the synchronism check function must be configured (section 5.1)
as available, a busbar voltage must be connected to the device and this must be
6-22 7SA522 Manual
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correctly parameterized in the system data (section 6.1.1, address 8
WUDQVIRUPHU =8V\QFWUDQVI as well as the corresponding factors).
If no synchronism check is to be performed with manual closing, set 0$1&/26( =
ZLWKRXW6\QFKURQLVPFKHFN. If on the other hand synchronism check is
required, set ZLWK6\QFKURQLVPFKHFNIf the manual close function of the device
is not to be used at all, set 0$1&/26(to 1R.
Address 5HVHW7ULS&0' determines which criteria allow for the reset of an
issued trip command. The setting &XUUHQW2SHQ3ROH ensures that the trip command
resets after the current disappears. The measured current must drop below the value
set in address $ 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW before the trip command resets (see
above). With the setting &XUUHQW$1'&% the circuit breaker auxiliary contact must
additionally indicate that the circuit breaker has opened. This setting demands that the
status of the auxiliary contacts is marshalled to a binary input.
Three-pole Address SROHFRXSOLQJ determines whether each trip command resulting
Coupling from fault detection in more than one phase is three-pole, or if three-pole coupling of
the trip command only results when more than one phase is tripped. This setting is
only relevant with one- and three-pole tripping and therefore only available in this
version. Additional information can be found in Section 6.19.3 fault detection logic of
the device.
With the setting ZLWK3,&.83 every fault detection in more than one phase leads to
three-pole coupling of the trip outputs, even if only a single-phase earth fault is situated
within the tripping region, and further faults only affect the higher zones, or are located
in the reverse direction. Even if a single-phase trip command has already been issued,
each further fault detection will lead to three-pole coupling of the trip outputs.
If, on the other hand, this address is set to ZLWK75,3, three-pole coupling of the trip
output (three-pole tripping) only occurs when more than one pole is tripped. Therefore
if a single-phase fault is located within the zone of tripping, and a further arbitrary fault
is outside the tripping zone, single-phase tripping is possible. Even a further fault
during the single-pole tripping will only cause three-pole coupling if it is located within
the tripping zone.
This parameter is only available in the single- and three-pole tripping version. It
applies to all protection functions of the 7SA522, which can trip single-pole.
The difference made by this parameter becomes apparent when multiple faults are
cleared, i.e. faults occurring almost simultaneously at different locations in the
network.
If, as shown in the example (Figure 6-13), two single phase to ground faults occur on
different lines – in this example parallel lines – the protection relays on the two faulted
lines, at all four line ends, pick up. In this example, all four relays detect a L1-L2-E
fault, in other words a two phase to ground fault. However, each individual line is only
subjected to a single phase to ground fault. If single pole tripping and reclosure is
employed, it is therefore desirable that each line only trips and recloses single pole.
This is achieved by setting 3pole coupling to with TRIP. In this manner each
of the four relays at the four line ends recognises that single pole tripping for the fault
on the respective line is required.
7SA522 Manual 6-23
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L1–E
L2–E
Figure 6-13 Multiple fault on a double-circuit line
In some cases, however, a three-pole trip would be preferable for this fault scenario,
e.g. if the double-circuit line is located next to a large generator unit (Figure 6-14). This
is because the generator considers the two single-phase to ground faults as one
double-phase ground fault, with correspondingly high dynamic load on the turbine
shaft. With SROHFRXSOLQJ set to :LWKIDXOWGHWHFWLRQ, the two lines
are switched off three-pole, since each device picks up as with L1–L2–E, i.e. as with
a multi-phase fault.
L1–E
L2–E
Figure 6-14 Multiple fault on a double-circuit line next to a generator
Address $ 7ULSSK)OW determines that the short-circuit protection functions
perform only a single-pole trip in case of isolated two-phase faults (clear of ground),
provided that single-pole tripping is possible and permitted. This allows a single-pole
rapid automatic reclosure cycle for this kind of fault. The trip type can be set to SROH
OHDGLQJSKDVH or SROHODJJLQJSKDVH. The parameter is only available in
versions with single-pole tripping. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4
under “Additional Settings”. If this option is used, it must be born in mind that the
phase selection should be the same throughout the entire network and that it must be
the same at all ends of one line. More information on the function is also contained in
Section 6.19.3 Overall Fault Detection Logic of the Device. The default setting is
WULSOHSROH.
6.1.3.1 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“..
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1103 FullScaleVolt. 1.0..1200.0 kV; 0 400.0 kV Measurement: Full Scale
Voltage (100%)
1104 FullScaleCurr. 10..5000 A 1000 A Measurement: Full Scale Cur-
rent (100%)
1105 Line Angle 30..89 ° 85 ° Line Angle
6-24 7SA522 Manual
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1110 x’ 0.0050..6.5000 Ohm / km 0.1500 Ohm / km x’ - Line Reactance per length
unit
1111 Line Length 1.0..1000.0 km 100.0 km Line Length
1112 x’ 0.0050..10.0000 Ohm / mile 0.2420 Ohm / mile x’ - Line Reactance per length
unit
1113 Line Length 0.6..650.0 Miles 62.1 Miles Line Length
1116 RE/RL(Z1) -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp. factor RE/RL
for Z1
1117 XE/XL(Z1) -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp. factor XE/XL for
Z1
1118 RE/RL(Z1B...Z5) -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp.factor RE/RL for
Z1B...Z5
1119 XE/XL(Z1B...Z5) -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp.factor XE/XL for
Z1B...Z5
1120 K0 (Z1) 0.000..4.000 1.000 Zero seq. comp. factor K0 for
zone Z1
1121 Angle K0(Z1) -135.00..135.00 ° 0.00 ° Zero seq. comp. angle for zone
Z1
1122 K0 (> Z1) 0.000..4.000 1.000 Zero seq.comp.factor K0,higher
zones >Z1
1123 AngleI K0(> Z1) -135.00..135.00 ° 0.00 ° Zero seq. comp. angle, higher
zones >Z1
1126 RM/RL ParalLine 0.00..8.00 0.00 Mutual Parallel Line comp. ratio
RM/RL
1127 XM/XL ParalLine 0.00..8.00 0.00 Mutual Parallel Line comp. ratio
XM/XL
1128 RATIO Par. Comp 50..95 % 85 % Neutral current RATIO Parallel
Line Comp
1130A PoleOpenCurrent 0.05..1.00 A 0.10 A Pole Open Current Threshold
1131A PoleOpenVoltage 2..70 V 30 V Pole Open Voltage Threshold
1132A SI Time all Cl. 0.01..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Seal-in Time after ALL closures
1134 Line Closure Manual Close BI only Manual Close BI Recognition of Line Closures
Current OR Voltage or only with
Manual close BI
CBaux OR Current or
Manual close BI
Current flow or Manual close
BI
1135 Reset Trip CMD with Pole Open Current with Pole Open RESET of Trip Command
Threshold only Current Threshold
with CBaux AND Pole Open only
Current
1140A I-CTsat. Thres. 0.2..50.0 A; ∞ 20.0 A CT Saturation Threshold
1150A SI Time Man.Cl 0.01..30.00 sec 0.30 sec Seal-in Time after MANUAL clo-
sures
7SA522 Manual 6-25
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1151 MAN. CLOSE with Synchronism-check without Synchro- Manual CLOSE COMMAND
without Synchronism-check nism-check generation
NO
1155 3pole coupling with Pickup with Trip 3 pole coupling
with Trip
1156A Trip2phFlt 3pole 3pole Trip type with 2phase faults
1pole, leading phase
1pole, lagging phase
The indicated secondary current values and values of impedance for setting ranges
and default settings refer to IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values
are to be multiplied by 5. The values of impedance are divided by 5.
6.1.3.2 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
351 >CB Aux. L1 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L1
352 >CB Aux. L2 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L2
353 >CB Aux. L3 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L3
379 >CB 3p Closed >CB aux. contact 3pole Closed
380 >CB 3p Open >CB aux. contact 3pole Open
356 >Manual Close >Manual close signal
357 >Close Cmd. Blk >Block all Close commands from external
361 >FAIL:Feeder VT >Failure: Feeder VT (MCB tripped)
362 >FAIL:Bus VT >Failure: Busbar VT (MCB tripped)
366 >CB1 Pole L1 >CB1 Pole L1 (for AR,CB-Test)
367 >CB1 Pole L2 >CB1 Pole L2 (for AR,CB-Test)
368 >CB1 Pole L3 >CB1 Pole L3 (for AR,CB-Test)
410 >CB1 3p Closed >CB1 aux. 3p Closed (for AR, CB-Test)
411 >CB1 3p Open >CB1 aux. 3p Open (for AR, CB-Test)
371 >CB1 Ready >CB1 READY (for AR,CB-Test)
378 >CB faulty >CB faulty
381 >1p Trip Perm >Single-phase trip permitted from ext.AR
382 >Only 1ph AR >External AR programmed for 1phase only
383 >Enable ARzones >Enable all AR Zones / Stages
385 >Lockout SET >Lockout SET
386 >Lockout RESET >Lockout RESET
530 LOCKOUT LOCKOUT is active
501 Relay PICKUP Relay PICKUP
6-26 7SA522 Manual
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F.No. Alarm Comments
503 Relay PICKUP L1 Relay PICKUP Phase L1
504 Relay PICKUP L2 Relay PICKUP Phase L2
505 Relay PICKUP L3 Relay PICKUP Phase L3
506 Relay PICKUP E Relay PICKUP Earth
507 Relay TRIP L1 Relay TRIP command Phase L1
508 Relay TRIP L2 Relay TRIP command Phase L2
509 Relay TRIP L3 Relay TRIP command Phase L3
510 Relay CLOSE Relay GENERAL CLOSE command
511 Relay TRIP Relay GENERAL TRIP command
512 Relay TRIP 1pL1 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L1
513 Relay TRIP 1pL2 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L2
514 Relay TRIP 1pL3 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L3
515 Relay TRIP 3ph. Relay TRIP command Phases L123
536 Definitive TRIP Relay Definitive TRIP
563 CB Alarm Supp CB alarm suppressed
533 IL1 = Primary fault current IL1
534 IL2 = Primary fault current IL2
535 IL3 = Primary fault current IL3
545 PU Time Time from Pickup to drop out
546 TRIP Time Time from Pickup to TRIP
560 Trip Coupled 3p Single-phase trip was coupled 3phase
561 Man.Clos.Detect Manual close signal detected
562 Man.Close Cmd CB CLOSE command for manual closing
7SA522 Manual 6-27
C53000-G1176-C155-1
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6.2 Distance Protection
Distance protection is the main function of the device. It distinguishes itself by high
measuring accuracy and the ability to adapt to the given system conditions. It is
supplemented by a number of additional functions.
6.2.1 Earth Fault Recognition
6.2.1.1 Method of Operation
Recognition of an earth fault is an important element in identifying the type of fault, as
the determination of the valid loops for measurement of the fault distance and the
shape of the distance zone characteristics substantially depend on whether the fault
at hand is an earth fault or not. The 7SA522 has a stabilised earth current
measurement, a zero sequence current/negative sequence current comparison as
well as a displacement voltage measurement.
Earth Current 3I0 For earth current measurement, the fundamental sum of the numerically filtered phase
currents 3·I0 is monitored to detect if it exceeds the set value (parameter ,!
7KUHVKROG, address ). It is stabilized against over-operation resulting from
unsymmetrical operating currents and error currents in the secondary circuits of the
current transformer due to different degrees of current transformer saturation during
short-circuits without earth: the actual pick-up threshold automatically increases as the
phase current increases (Figure 6-15). The reset value is approximately 95 % relative
to the pick-up value.
3 I0
IN
release
slope
0,1
3I0>
0,95· ,
block
1 0 x 3 I0 IPh max
IN
Figure 6-15 Earth current stage: pick-up characteristic
6-28 7SA522 Manual
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Negative Sequence On long, heavily loaded lines, the earth current measurement could be overstabilized
Current 3I2 by large currents (ref. Figure 6-15). To ensure secure detection of earth faults in this
case, a negative sequence comparison stage is additionally provided. In the event of
a single-phase fault, the negative sequence current I 2 has approximately the same
magnitude as the zero sequence current I 0. When the ratio zero sequence current/
negative sequence current exceeds a preset ratio, this stage picks up. It is also
stabilized in the event of large negative sequence currents by a parabolic
characteristic. Figure 6-16 illustrates this relationship. A release by means of the
negative sequence current comparison requires a current of at least 0,2·IN for 3I0 and
3I2.
3I0
IN
3,0
2,5
release
2,0
1,5
1,0
block
0,5
3I0>
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
3I2
IN
Figure 6-16 Characteristic of the I0/I2–stage
Neutral For the neutral displacement voltage recognition the displacement voltage (8!) is
Displacement numerically filtered and the fundamental frequency is monitored to recognize whether
Voltage 3U0 it exceeds the set threshold (8!7KUHVKROG). The reset threshold is approximately
95 % of the pick-up threshold. For earthed systems, the U0–criterion may be disabled
by applying the ∞ setting.
Logical The current and voltage criteria supplement each other, as the displacement voltage
Combination for increases when the zero sequence to positive sequence impedance ratio is large,
Earthed Systems whereas the earth current increases when the zero sequence to positive sequence
impedance ratio is smaller.
The current and voltage criteria are logically combined with an OR-function (Figure 6-
17). The earth fault recognition on it’s own does not cause a general fault detection of
the distance protection, but merely controls the further fault detection modules. It is
only alarmed in case of a general fault detection.
7SA522 Manual 6-29
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Functions
,!
IPh 3I0
IPh
3I0
3I0
≥1
earth fault
3I2 3I2
3U0
3V0>
8!
Figure 6-17 Logic of the earth fault recognition.
Earth Fault The earth fault recognition is modified during the single-pole open condition with
Recognition during single-pole automatic reclosure (Figure 6-18). In this case, the magnitudes of the
Single-Pole Open currents and voltages are monitored in addition to the angles between the currents.
Condition
ILx
PD[ ,Lx,Ly
·min(,Lx,Ly
$QJOHFULWHULD &
IRUORDGFRQGLWLRQ
&
≥1
earthfault
ILy
ULx–E PD[ 8LxULy
ULy–E ·min(8Lx8Ly
,!
&
3I0
3I0>
Figure 6-18 Earth fault recognition during single-pole open condition
6.2.1.2 Setting of the Parameters for this Function
In systems with earthed star-point, the setting ,!7KUHVKROG (address ) is
set somewhat below the minimum expected earth short-circuit current. 3I0 is defined
as the sum of the phase currents |IL1 + IL2 + IL3|, which equals the star-point current
of the set of current transformers.
With regard to the setting 8!7KUHVKROG (address ), care must be taken that
operational unsymmetries do not cause a pick-up. 3U0 is defined as the sum of the
phase-earth voltages |UL1–E + UL2–E + UL3–E|. If the U0–criterion should be ignored,
the address is set to ∞.
The preset value ,!,SKPD[ = (Address $) usually is sufficient for the
slope of ,–characteristic ,!,SKPD[ (Address $). This setting can only
be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
These settings are summarized with the impedance calculation in a table in
Subsection 6.2.2.2.
6-30 7SA522 Manual
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6.2.2 Calculation of the Impedances
6.2.2.1 Method of Operation
A separate measuring system is provided for each of the six possible impedance loops
L1–E, L2–E, L3–E, L1–L2, L2–L3, L3–L1. The phase-earth loops are evaluated when
an earth fault detection according to section 6.2.1 is recognized and the phase current
exceeds a settable minimum value 0LQLPXP,SK! (address ). The phase-
phase loops are evaluated when the phase current in both of the affected phases
exceeds the minimum value 0LQLPXP,SK!.
A jump detector synchronizes all the calculations with the fault inception. If a further
fault occurs during the evaluation, the new measured values are immediately used for
the calculation. The fault evaluation is therefore always done with the measured
values of the current fault condition.
Phase–Phase To calculate the phase-phase loop, for instance during a two-phase short circuit L1–
Loops L2 (Figure 6-19), the loop equation is:
I L1 ⋅ Z L – I L2 ⋅ Z L = U L1–E – U L2–E
where
U, I are the (complex) measured values and
Z = R+ jX is the (complex) line impedance.
The line impedance is computed to be
U L1–E – U L2–E
Z L = -------------------------------------
-
I L1 – I L2
IL1 ZL
L1
IL2 ZL
L2
UL1–E
L3
UL2–E
Figure 6-19 Short circuit of a phase-phase loop
The calculation of the phase-phase loop does not take place as long as one of the
concerned phases is switched off (during single-pole dead time), to avoid an incorrect
measurement with the undefined measured values existing during this state. A state
recognition (refer to Section 6.19) provides the corresponding block signal. A logic
block diagram of the phase-phase measuring system is shown in Figure 6-20.
7SA522 Manual 6-31
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Functions
ULx
ULy
ILx Measur-
ing syst.
ILy Rx–y; Xx–y
,SK! Lx–Ly
ILx>
&
from state recogni- ILy>
tion
Figure 6-20 logic of the phase-phase measuring system
Phase–Earth Loops For the calculation of the phase-earth loop, for example during a L3–E short-circuit
(Figure 6-21) it must be noted that the impedance of the earth return path does not
correspond to the impedance of the phase. In the loop equation
I L3 ⋅ Z L – I E ⋅ Z E = U L3–E
ZE is replaced by (ZE/ZL)·ZL and the result is:
ZE
I L3 ⋅ Z L – I E ⋅ Z L ⋅ ------- = U L3–E
ZL
From this the line impedance can be extracted
U L3–E
Z L = ------------------------------------------
I L3 – Z E ⁄ Z L ⋅ I E
6-32 7SA522 Manual
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L1
L2
IL3 ZL
L3
UL3–E
IE ZE
E
Figure 6-21 Short circuit of a phase-earth loop
The factor ZE/ZL only depends on the line parameters and no longer on the fault
distance.
The evaluation of the phase-earth loop does not take place as long as the affected
phase is switched off (during single-pole dead time), to avoid an incorrect
measurement with the undefined measured values existing in this state. A state
recognition (refer to section 6.19) provides the corresponding block signal. A logic
block diagram of the phase-earth measuring system is shown in Figure 6-22.
ULx
(parallel line)
IEP
IE measur-
ing syst.
ILx Rx–E; Xx–E
Lx–E
,SK!
earth fault recogni- ILx>
tion
&
from state recogni-
tion
Figure 6-22 Logic of the phase-earth measuring system
Unfaulted Loops The above considerations apply to the relevant short-circuited loop. However, as all
six loops can be equated, the impedances of the unfaulted loops are also influenced
by the short-circuit currents and voltages in the short-circuited phases. During a L1–E
fault for example, the short-circuit current in phase L1 also appears in the measuring
loops L1-L2 and L3-L1. The earth current is also measured in the loops L2–E and L3–
E. Combined with load currents which may flow, the unfaulted loops produce the so-
called “apparent impedances“, which have nothing to do with the actual fault distance.
These “apparent impedances” in the unfaulted loops are usually larger than the short-
circuit impedance of the faulted loop because the unfaulted loop only carries a part of
the fault current and always has a larger voltage than the faulted loop. For the
selectivity of the zones, the “apparent impedances” are therefore of no consequence.
Apart from the zone selectivity, the phase selectivity is also important to achieve
correct identification of the faulted phases, required to alarm the faulted phase and
especially to enable single-pole automatic reclosure. Depending on the infeed
7SA522 Manual 6-33
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conditions, close-in short circuits may cause unfaulted loops to “see” the fault further
away than the faulted loop, but still within the tripping zone. This would cause three-
pole tripping and therefore void the possibility of single-pole automatic reclosure. As a
result power transfer via the line would be lost.
In the 7SA522 this is avoided by the implementation of a loop verification function
which operates in two steps:
Initially, the calculated loop impedances and its components (phase and/or earth) are
used to simulate a replica of the line impedance. If this simulation returns a plausible
line image, the corresponding loop pick-up is designated as a definitely valid loop.
If the impedances of more than one loop are now located within the range of the zone,
the smallest is still declared to be a valid loop. Furthermore, all loops that have an
impedance which does not exceed the smallest loop impedance by more than 50 %
are declared as being valid. Loops with larger impedance are eliminated. Those loops
which were declared as being valid in the initial stage, cannot be eliminated by this
stage, even if they have larger impedances.
In this manner unfaulted “apparent impedances” are eliminated on the one hand, while
on the other hand, unsymmetrical multi-phase faults and multiple short circuits are
recognized correctly.
The loops that were designated as being valid are converted to phase information so
that the fault detection correctly alarms the faulted phases.
Double Faults in In systems with an effectively earthed star-point, each connection of a phase with
Effectively Earthed earth results in a short-circuit condition which must be isolated immediately by the
Systems closest protection systems. Fault detection occurs in the faulted loop associated with
the faulted phase.
With double earth faults, fault detection is generally in two phase-earth loops. If both
earth loops are in the same direction, a phase-phase loop may also pick-up. It is
possible to restrict the fault detection to particular loops in this case. It is often
desirable to block the phase-earth loop of the leading phase, as this loop tends to
overreach when there is infeed from both ends to a fault with a common earth fault
resistance (Parameter 1221 3K(IDXOWV = %ORFNOHDGLQJ). Alternatively, it
is also possible to block the lagging phase-earth loop (Parameter 3K(IDXOWV =
%ORFNODJJLQJ). All the affected loops can also be evaluated (Parameter 3K
(IDXOWV = $OOORRSV), or only the phase-phase loop (Parameter 1221 3K(
IDXOWV = ORRSVRQO\) or only the phase-earth loops (Parameter 3K(
IDXOWV = (ORRSVRQO\).
A prerequisite for these restrictions is that the relevant loops indicate fault locations
which are close together and within the reach of the first zone Z1. The loops are
considered to be close together when they have the same direction and do not differ
by more than a factor 1,5 (largest to smallest impedance). This prevents the
elimination, during multiple faults with separate fault location, of the loop relating to the
closer fault location by the set restriction. Furthermore a phase-to-phase
measurement can only be performed if two earth faults as described above are
located close to one another.
In Table 6-2 the measured values used for the distance measurement in earthed
systems during double earth faults are shown.
6-34 7SA522 Manual
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Table 6-2 Evaluation of the measured loops during multiple loop fault detection
Fault detection evaluated Setting
Loops Loop(s) Parameter 1221
L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 L2–E, L1–L2 3K(IDXOWV
L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 L3–E, L2–L3 %ORFNOHDGLQJ
L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1 L1–E, L3–L1
L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 L1–E, L1–L2 3K(IDXOWV
L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 L2–E, L2–L3 %ORFNODJJLQJ
L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1 L3–E, L3–L1
L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 3K(IDXOWV
L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 $OOORRSV
L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1 L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1
L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 L1–L2 3K(IDXOWV
L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 L2–L3 ORRSVRQO\
L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1 L3–L1
L1–E, L2–E, L1–L2 L1–E, L2–E 3K(IDXOWV
L2–E, L3–E, L2–L3 L2–E, L3–E (ORRSVRQO\
L1–E, L3–E, L3–L1 L1–E, L3–E
During three phase faults the fault detection of all three phase-phase loops usually
occurs. In this case the three phase-phase loops are evaluated. If earth fault detection
also occurs, the phase-earth loops are also evaluated.
Correction of During earth faults on parallel lines, the impedance values calculated by means of the
measured values loop equations are influenced by the coupling of the earth impedance of the two
for conductor systems (Figure 6-23). Unless special measures are employed, this results
Parallel Lines in measuring errors in the result of the impedance computation. A parallel line
(optional) compensation may therefore be activated. In this manner the earth current of the
parallel line is taken into consideration by the line equation and thereby allows for
compensation of the coupling influence. The earth current of the parallel line must be
connected to the device for this purpose. The loop equation is then modified as shown
below, refer also to Figure 6-21
I L3 ⋅ Z L – I E ⋅ Z E – I EP ⋅ Z M = U L3–E
ZE ZM
I L3 ⋅ Z L – I E ⋅ Z L ⋅ ------- – I EP ⋅ Z L ⋅ ------- = U L3–E
ZL ZL
where IEP is the earth current of the parallel line and the ratio ZM/ZL is a constant line
parameter, resulting from the geometry of the double circuit line and the nature of the
7SA522 Manual 6-35
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ground below the line. These line parameters are input to the device — along with all
the other line data — during the parameterisation of the device. The line impedance
is calculated with the equation below similar to the calculation shown earlier.
U L3–E
Z L = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I L3 – Z E ⁄ Z L ⋅ I E – Z M ⁄ Z L ⋅ I EP
A B
I ZL IL3
UL3-E
ZE IE
e.g. L3–E
ZM IEP
II
Figure 6-23 Earth fault on a double circuit line
Without parallel line compensation, the earth current on the parallel line will in most
cases cause the reach threshold of the distance protection to be shortened
(underreach of the distance measurement). In some cases — for example when the
two feeders are terminated to different busbars, and the location of the earth fault is
on one of the remote busbars (at B in Figure 6-23) — it is possible that an overreach
may occur.
The parallel line compensation only applies to faults on the protected line. For faults
on the parallel line, the compensation may not be carried out, as this would cause
severe overreach. The relay located in position II in Figure 6-23 may therefore not be
compensated.
Earth current balance is therefore additionally provided in the device, which carries out
a cross comparison of the earth currents in the two lines. The compensation is only
applied to the line end where the earth current of the parallel line is not substantially
larger than the earth current in the line itself. In example Figure 6-23, the current IE is
larger than IEP: compensation is applied at I in that ZM · IEP is included in the
evaluation; at II compensation is not applied.
Switching on to a When the circuit breaker is switched onto a dead fault with a manual close command,
Dead Fault fast tripping by the distance protection is possible. By setting parameters it may be
determined which zone(s) is/are released following a manual close (refer to Figure 6-
24). The line energization information (input “SOTF”) are derived from the state
recognition, refer also to Sub-section 6.19.1.
6-36 7SA522 Manual
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3611 ENABLE Z1B
≥1 Z1B instantaneous.
627)]RQH
,QDFWLYH Z2 instantaneous.
„1“ =RQH=% Z3 instantaneous.
≥1 &
3,&.83
Z4 instantaneous.
SOTF Op. mode & Z5 instantaneous.
Figure 6-24 circuit breaker closure onto a dead fault
When switching onto a three-pole fault with the MHO-circle, there will be no voltage in
the memory or unfaulted loop voltage available. To ensure fault clearance when swit-
ching onto three-pole close-up fault, please make sure that in conjunction with the
configured MHO-characteristic the High-Current-Switch-onto-Fault protection is al-
ways enabled.
6.2.2.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
General Function The distance protection can be switched on or off with the parameter in address
Parameters )&7'LVWDQFH 212))
The minimum current for fault detection 0LQLPXP,SK! (address ) is set
somewhat (approx. 10 %) below the minimum short-circuit current that may occur.
The setting parameters for the treatment of earth faults ,!7KUHVKROG and
8!7KUHVKROG were already discussed in Sub-section 6.2.1.2.
Correction of The mutual coupling between the two lines of a double-circuit configuration is only
measured values relevant to the 7SA522 when it is applied on a double-circuit line and when it is
on Parallel Lines intended to implement parallel line compensation. A prerequisite is that the earth
(optional) current of the parallel line is connected to the I4 measuring input of the 7SA522 and
this is entered in the configuration settings.
In this case, the setting 3DUDO/LQH&RPS = <(6 must be set in address ;
otherwise the presetting 12 remains.
The coupling factors were already set as part of the general protection data (Sub-
section 6.1.3), as was the reach of the parallel line compensation.
Double Earth Faults The loop selection for double earth faults is set in address $ 3K(IDXOWV
in Effectively (Phase–Phase–Earth–fault detection). This setting can only be modified with DIGSI®
Earthed Systems 4 under “Additional Settings”. In general the %ORFNOHDGLQJ (blocking of the
leading phase, presetting) is favourable, because the leading phase-earth loop tends
to overreach, especially in conjunction with large earth fault resistance. In certain
cases (fault resistance phase-phase larger than phase-earth) the setting %ORFN
ODJJLQJØ (blocking of the lagging phase) may be more favourable. The selection
of all affected loops with the setting $OOORRSV allows a maximum degree of
redundancy. Alternatively, ORRSVRQO\ may be evaluated. This ensures the
most accuracy for two phase to earth faults. Ultimately it is possible to declare the Ø-
E loops only as valid.
7SA522 Manual 6-37
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Line Energization To determine the reaction of the distance protection during closure of the circuit
onto a Dead Fault breaker onto a dead fault, the parameter in address 627)]RQH is used. The
setting ,QDFWLYH specifies that there is no special reaction, i.e. all distance stages
operate according to their set zone parameters. The setting =RQH=% causes all
faults inside the overreaching zone Z1B to be cleared without delay following closure
of the circuit breaker. The setting 3LFNXS implies that the non-delayed tripping
following line energization is activated for all recognized faults in any zone (i.e. with
general fault detection of the distance protection).
Load Area On long heavily loaded lines, the risk of encroachment of the load impedance into the
tripping characteristic of the distance protection may exist. To exclude the risk of
unwanted fault detection by the distance protection during heavy load flow, a load
trapezoid characteristic may be set for tripping characteristics with a large R-reach,
which excludes such unwanted fault detection by overload. This load area is
considered in the description of the tripping characteristics (refer to Figure 6-25, Sub-
section 6.2.3.1, and Figure 6-31, Sub-section 6.2.4.1).
The R–value 5ORDG ( (address ) and 5ORDG (address )
must be set somewhat (approx. 10 %) smaller than the minimum load impedance
which may occur. The minimum load impedance results when the maximum load
current and minimum operating voltage exist.
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 with the following data:
maximum transferrable load
Pmax = 100 MVA corresponding to
Imax = 525 A
minimum operating voltage
Umin = 0.9 UN
current transformer 600 A/5 A
voltage transformer 110 kV/0.1 kV
The resulting minimum load impedance is therefore:
U min ⋅ 110 kV
- = 0.9
R Load prim = ------------------------ -------------------------- = 108.87 Ω
3 ⋅ I L max 3 ⋅ 525 A
When applying the settings with a personal computer and DIGSI® 4 these values may
be entered as primary values. The conversion to secondary values is
N CT 600 A/5 A
R Load sec = ---------- ⋅ R Load prim = -------------------------------------- ⋅ 108.87 Ω = 11.88 Ω
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
6-38 7SA522 Manual
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when applying a security margin of 10 % the following is set:
primary: 5ORDG ( = Ω or
secondary: 5ORDG ( = Ω.
The spread angle of the load trapezoid ϕ load (Ø-E) (address ) and ϕ load (Ø-Ø)
(address ) must be greater (approx. 5°) than the maximum arising load angle
(corresponding to the minimum power factor cos ϕ).
Calculation example:
minimum power factor
cos ϕmin = 0.63
ϕmax = 51°
Setting ϕ load (Ø-E) = ϕmax + 5° = °.
6.2.2.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1201 FCT Distance ON ON Distance protection is
OFF
1202 Minimum Iph> 0.10..4.00 A 0.10 A Phase Current threshold for dist.
meas.
1215 Paral.Line Comp NO YES Mutual coupling parall.line com-
YES pensation
1232 SOTF zone with Pickup (non-directional) Inactive Instantaneous trip after Swit-
with Zone Z1B chOnToFault
Inactive
1241 R load (Ø-E) 0.100..250.000 Ohm; ∞ ∞ Ohm R load, minimum Load Impe-
dance (ph-e)
1242 ϕ load (Ø-E) 20..60 ° 45 ° PHI load, maximum Load Angle
(ph-e)
1243 R load (Ø-Ø) 0.100..250.000 Ohm; ∞ ∞ Ohm R load, minimum Load Impe-
dance (ph-ph)
1244 ϕ load (Ø-Ø) 20..60 ° 45 ° PHI load, maximum Load Angle
(ph-ph)
1317A Trip 1pole Z2 NO NO Single pole trip for faults in Z2
YES
1357 1st AR -> Z1B NO YES Z1B enabled before 1st AR (int.
YES or ext.)
1203 3I0> Threshold 0.05..4.00 A 0.10 A 3I0 threshold for neutral current
pickup
1204 3U0> Threshold 1..100 V; ∞ 5V 3U0 threshold zero seq. voltage
pickup
1205 3U0> COMP/ISOL. 10..200 V 40 V 3U0> pickup (comp/ isol. star-
point)
7SA522 Manual 6-39
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1207A 3I0>/ Iphmax 0.05..0.30 0.10 3I0>-pickup-stabilisation (3I0> /
Iphmax)
1221A 2Ph-E faults block leading ph-e loop block leading ph-e Loop selection with 2Ph-E faults
block lagging ph-e loop loop
all loops
only phase-phase loops
only phase-earth loops
1305 T1-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1306 T1-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1315 T2-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1316 T2-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1325 T3 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T3 delay
1335 T4 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T4 delay
1345 T5 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T5 delay
1355 T1B-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-1phase, delay for single ph.
faults
1356 T1B-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-multi-ph, delay for multi ph.
faults
The indicated secondary current values and values of impedance for setting ranges
and default settings refer to IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values
are to be multiplied by 5. The values of impedance are divided by 5.
6.2.2.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
3603 >BLOCK 21 Dist. >BLOCK 21 Distance
3611 >ENABLE Z1B >ENABLE Z1B (with setted Time Delay)
3613 >ENABLE Z1Binst >ENABLE Z1B instantanous (w/o T-Delay)
3617 >BLOCK Z4-Trip >BLOCK Z4-Trip
3618 >BLOCK Z5-Trip >BLOCK Z5-Trip
3651 Dist. OFF Distance is switched off
3652 Dist. BLOCK Distance is BLOCKED
3653 Dist. ACTIVE Distance is ACTIVE
3654 Dis.ErrorK0(Z1) Setting error K0(Z1) or Angle K0(Z1)
3655 DisErrorK0(>Z1) Setting error K0(>Z1) or Angle K0(>Z1)
3671 Dis. PICKUP Distance PICKED UP
6-40 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
F.No. Alarm Comments
3672 Dis.Pickup L1 Distance PICKUP L1
3673 Dis.Pickup L2 Distance PICKUP L2
3674 Dis.Pickup L3 Distance PICKUP L3
3675 Dis.Pickup E Distance PICKUP Earth
3681 Dis.Pickup 1pL1 Distance Pickup Phase L1 (only)
3682 Dis.Pickup L1E Distance Pickup L1E
3683 Dis.Pickup 1pL2 Distance Pickup Phase L2 (only)
3684 Dis.Pickup L2E Distance Pickup L2E
3685 Dis.Pickup L12 Distance Pickup L12
3686 Dis.Pickup L12E Distance Pickup L12E
3687 Dis.Pickup 1pL3 Distance Pickup Phase L3 (only)
3688 Dis.Pickup L3E Distance Pickup L3E
3689 Dis.Pickup L31 Distance Pickup L31
3690 Dis.Pickup L31E Distance Pickup L31E
3691 Dis.Pickup L23 Distance Pickup L23
3692 Dis.Pickup L23E Distance Pickup L23E
3693 Dis.Pickup L123 Distance Pickup L123
3694 Dis.Pickup123E Distance Pickup123E
3701 Dis.Loop L1-E f Distance Loop L1E selected forward
3702 Dis.Loop L2-E f Distance Loop L2E selected forward
3703 Dis.Loop L3-E f Distance Loop L3E selected forward
3704 Dis.Loop L1-2 f Distance Loop L12 selected forward
3705 Dis.Loop L2-3 f Distance Loop L23 selected forward
3706 Dis.Loop L3-1 f Distance Loop L31 selected forward
3707 Dis.Loop L1-E r Distance Loop L1E selected reverse
3708 Dis.Loop L2-E r Distance Loop L2E selected reverse
3709 Dis.Loop L3-E r Distance Loop L3E selected reverse
3710 Dis.Loop L1-2 r Distance Loop L12 selected reverse
3711 Dis.Loop L2-3 r Distance Loop L23 selected reverse
3712 Dis.Loop L3-1 r Distance Loop L31 selected reverse
3713 Dis.Loop L1E<-> Distance Loop L1E selected non-direct.
3714 Dis.Loop L2E<-> Distance Loop L2E selected non-direct.
3715 Dis.Loop L3E<-> Distance Loop L3E selected non-direct.
3716 Dis.Loop L12<-> Distance Loop L12 selected non-direct.
3717 Dis.Loop L23<-> Distance Loop L23 selected non-direct.
3718 Dis.Loop L31<-> Distance Loop L31 selected non-direct.
7SA522 Manual 6-41
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
F.No. Alarm Comments
3719 Dis. forward Distance Pickup FORWARD
3720 Dis. reverse Distance Pickup REVERSE
3741 Dis. Z1 L1E Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L1E
3742 Dis. Z1 L2E Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L2E
3743 Dis. Z1 L3E Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L3E
3744 Dis. Z1 L12 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L12
3745 Dis. Z1 L23 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L23
3746 Dis. Z1 L31 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L31
3747 Dis. Z1B L1E Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L1E
3748 Dis. Z1B L2E Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L2E
3749 Dis. Z1B L3E Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L3E
3750 Dis. Z1B L12 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L12
3751 Dis. Z1B L23 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L23
3752 Dis. Z1B L31 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L31
3755 Dis. Pickup Z2 Distance Pickup Z2
3758 Dis. Pickup Z3 Distance Pickup Z3
3759 Dis. Pickup Z4 Distance Pickup Z4
3760 Dis. Pickup Z5 Distance Pickup Z5
3771 Dis.Time Out T1 DistanceTime Out T1
3774 Dis.Time Out T2 DistanceTime Out T2
3777 Dis.Time Out T3 DistanceTime Out T3
3778 Dis.Time Out T4 DistanceTime Out T4
3779 Dis.Time Out T5 DistanceTime Out T5
3780 Dis.TimeOut T1B DistanceTime Out T1B
3801 Dis.Gen. Trip Distance protection: General trip
3802 Dis.Trip 1pL1 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase L1
3803 Dis.Trip 1pL2 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase L2
3804 Dis.Trip 1pL3 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase L3
3805 Dis.Trip 3p Distance TRIP command Phases L123
3811 Dis.TripZ1/1p Distance TRIP single-phase Z1
3823 DisTRIP3p. Z1sf DisTRIP 3phase in Z1 with single-ph Flt.
3824 DisTRIP3p. Z1mf DisTRIP 3phase in Z1 with multi-ph Flt.
3813 Dis.TripZ1B1p Distance TRIP single-phase Z1B
3825 DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf DisTRIP 3phase in Z1B with single-ph Flt
3826 DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf DisTRIP 3phase in Z1B with multi-ph Flt.
3816 Dis.TripZ2/1p Distance TRIP single-phase Z2
6-42 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
F.No. Alarm Comments
3817 Dis.TripZ2/3p Distance TRIP 3phase in Z2
3818 Dis.TripZ3/T3 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z3
3821 Dis.TRIP 3p. Z4 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z4
3822 Dis.TRIP 3p. Z5 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z5
3850 DisTRIP Z1B Tel DisTRIP Z1B with Teleprotection scheme
3819 Dis.Trip FD-> Dist.: Trip by fault detection, forward
3820 Dis.Trip <-> Dist.: Trip by fault detec, rev/non-dir.
7SA522 Manual 6-43
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
6.2.3 Distance Protection with Polygonal Tripping Characteristic (optional)
The Distance Protection 7SA522 may optionally be supplied with a polygonal tripping
characteristic or with a circular MHO characteristic, or with both, depending on the
version ordered. If both characteristics are available, they may be selected for phase–
phase loops and phase–earth loops separately. If only the circular MHO is required,
this Sub-section 6.2.3 is of no interest.
6.2.3.1 Method of Operation
Operating A tripping characteristic in the shape of a polygon is defined for each of the distance
Polygons zones. In total, there are five independent zones and one additional controlled zone
for each fault impedance loop. In Figure 6-25 the shape of a polygon is illustrated,
using the first zone as an example.
In general, the polygon is defined by means of a parallelogram which intersects the
axes with the values R and X as well as the tilt ϕLine. A load trapezoid with the setting
RLoad und ϕLoad may be used to cut the area of the load impedance out of the polygon.
The axial coordinates can be set individually for each zone; ϕLine, RLoad und ϕLoad are
common for all zones. The parallelogram is symmetrical with respect to the origin of
the R–X–coordinate system; the directional characteristic however limits the tripping
range to the desired quadrants (refer to “Direction Determination” below).
The R-reach may be set separately for the phase–phase faults and the phase–earth
faults to achieve a larger fault resistance coverage for earth faults if this is desired.
For the first zone an additional tilt α exists, which may be used to prevent overreach
resulting from angle variance and/or two ended infeed to short-circuits with fault
resistance. For Z1B and the higher zones this tilt does not exist.
6-44 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
X Line
characteristic
1,05*X only for zone Z1
X α
ϕLine ϕLoad
Load area
RLoad R 1,05*R Load area
R
1,05*RLoad
directional
characteristic
Line
characteristic
Um 5 % vergrößertes Polygon, wenn im letzten Meßzyklus eine
Reset values
sichere Anregung vorlag
Setting values
Figure 6-25 Polygonal characteristic
Direction For each loop an impedance vector is also used to determine the direction of the short-
Determination circuit. Usually similar to the distance calculation, ZL is used. However, depending on
the “quality” of the measured values, different computation techniques are used.
Immediately after fault inception, the short circuit voltage is disturbed by transients.
The voltage memorized prior to fault inception is therefore used in this situation. If the
steady-state short-circuit voltage (during a close-in fault) is even too small for direction
determination, an unfaulted voltage is used. This voltage is in theory quadrilateral to
the actual short-circuit voltage for both phase–earth loops as well as for phase–phase
loops (refer to Figure 6-26). This is taken into account when computing the direction
vector by means of a 90°–rotation. In Table 6-3 the allocation of the measured values
to the six fault loops for the determination of the fault direction is shown.
7SA522 Manual 6-45
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
UL3–L1
– UL1–L2
UL1
UL3–L1
UL1–L2
UL3 UL2
UL2–L3 UL2–L3
a) Phase–earth loop (L1–E) b) Phase–phase loop (L2–L3)
Figure 6-26 Direction determination with quadrature voltages
Table 6-3 Allocation of the measured values for the direction determination
Measured current Short-circuit loop Quadrature
Loop
(direction) voltage voltage
L1 – E IL1 UL1–E UL2 – UL3
L2 – E IL2 UL2–E UL3 – UL1
L3 – E IL3 UL3–E UL1 – UL2
L1 – E*) IL1 – kE · IE*) UL1–E UL2 – UL3
L2 – E*) IL2 – kE · IE*) UL2–E UL3 – UL1
L3 – E*) IL3 – kE · IE*) UL3–E UL1 – UL2
L1 – L2 IL1 – IL2 UL1 – UL2 UL2–L3 – UL3–L1
L2 – L3 IL2 – IL3 UL2 – UL3 UL3–L1 – UL1–L2
L3 – L1 IL3 – IL1 UL3 – UL1 UL1–L2 – UL2–L3
*) kE = ZE/ZL; if only one phase-earth loop is picked up, the earth current IE is considered
If there is neither a current measured voltage nor a memorized voltage available which
is sufficient for measuring the direction, the relay selects the “forward” direction. In
practice this can only occur when the circuit breaker closes onto a de-energized line,
and there is a fault on this line (e.g. closing onto an earthed line).
Figure 6-27 shows the theoretical steady-state characteristic. In practice, the position
of the directional characteristic when using memorized voltages is dependent on both
the source impedance as well as the load transferred across the line prior to fault
inception. Accordingly the directional characteristic includes a safety margin with
respect to the borders of the first quadrant in the R–X diagram (Figure 6-27).
As each zone may be set )RUZDUG, 5HYHUVH or 1RQ'LUHFWLRQDO there is a
separate (mirrored) directional characteristic for the “forward” and “reverse” direction.
6-46 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
A non-directional zone has no directional characteristic. The entire tripping region
applies here.
jX
„undefined“*) ca. 30
°
„forward“
2°
R
ca. 2
„reverse“
„undefined“*)
*
)also applies to “1RQ'LUHFWLRQDO”
Figure 6-27 Directional characteristic in the R–X–diagram
Characteristics of The theoretical steady-state directional characteristic shown in Figure 6-27 applies to
the Directional faulted loop voltages. In the case of quadrature voltages or memorized voltage, the
Measurement position of the directional characteristic is dependant on both the source impedance
as well as the load transferred across the line prior to fault inception.
Figure 6-28 shows the directional characteristic using quadrature or memorized
voltage as well as taking the source impedance into account (no load transfer). As
these voltages are equal to the corresponding generator e.m.f. E and they do not
change after fault inception, the directional characteristic is shifted in the impedance
diagram by the source impedance ZS1 = E1/I1. In the case of a fault located at F1
(Figure 6-28a), the short-circuit is located in the forward direction, and the source
impedance in the reverse direction. For all fault locations, right up to the device
location (current transformers), a definite “forward” decision is made (Figure 6-28b). If
the current direction is reversed, the position of the directional characteristic changes
abruptly (Figure 6-28c). The current flowing via the measuring point (current
transformer) is now reversed I2, and is determined by the source impedance ZS2 + ZL.
When load is transferred across the line, the directional characteristic may additionally
be rotated by the load angle.
7SA522 Manual 6-47
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
F2 F1
E1 E2
ZS1 I1 I2 ZL ZS2
7SA522
6-28a
jX jX
ZL + ZS2 „forward“
„forward“
F1
ZL + ZS2
ZS1
R
„reverse“
„reverse“
F2
R
ZS1
6-28b 6-28c
Figure 6-28 Directional characteristic with quadrature or memorized voltages
Assignment to the The loop impedances calculated according to Sub-section 6.2.2 are assigned to the
Polygons and set characteristics of each distance zone. To avoid unstable signals at the boundaries
Zone Pick-up of a polygon, the characteristics have a hysteresis of approximately 5 % i.e. as soon
as it has been determined that the fault impedance lies within a polygon, the
boundaries are increased by 5 % in all directions.
As soon as the fault impedance of any loop is definitely within the operating polygon
of a distance zone, the affected loop is designated as “picked up”. The loop
information is also converted to phase segregated alarms. Further conditions for pick-
up of a zone are that the direction corresponds to the set direction for the zone, and
that the zone is not blocked by the power swing blocking (refer to Sub-section 6.3.1).
Furthermore, the distance protection must not be entirely switched off or blocked. In
Figure 6-29 these conditions are shown.
Dis switched off
≥1
Dis blocked
PS blocking
Dis FD forward &
≥1 &
& release of Z1
Dis FD reverse &
2SPRGH=
IRUZDUG
UHYHUVH
„1“
QRQGLUHFWLRQDO further
LQDFWLYH zones
Figure 6-29 Release logic for a zone (example for Z1)
6-48 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
The zones and phases of such a valid fault detection are alarmed, e.g. “Dis. Z1 L1E”
for zone 1 and phase L1 and further processed by the zone logic (refer to Sub-section
6.2.5) and the supplementary functions (e.g. teleprotection logic, section 6.6.1)
In total the following zones are available:
Independent zones:
• 1st zone (fast tripping zone) Z1 with 5 = , ; = ; may be delayed by 7
SKDVH and 7PXOWLSKDVH
• 2nd zone (back up zone) Z2 with 5 = , ; = ; may be delayed by 7SKDVH
and 7PXOWLSKDVH
• 3rd zone (back up zone) Z3 with 5 = , ; = ; may be delayed by 7'(/$<
• 4th zone (back up zone) Z4 with 5 = , ; = ; may be delayed by 7'(/$<
• 5th zone (back up zone) Z5 with 5 = , ; = ; (forward) and X- (Z5)
(reverse); may be delayed by 7'(/$<
Dependent (controlled) zone:
• Overreaching zone Z1B with 5 =% , ; =% ; may be delayed by 7%SKDVH
and 7%PXOWLSKDVH
6.2.3.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The function parameters for the polygonal tripping characteristic only apply if during
the configuration of the scope of functions (Section 5.1) the 4XDGULODWHUDO was
selected for phase–phase measurement (address ) and/or phase–earth
measurement (address ).
Grading It is recommended to initially create a grading coordination chart for the entire
coordination chart galvanically interconnected system. This diagram should reflect the line lengths with
their primary reactance X in Ω/phase. For the reach of the distance zones, the
reactance X is the deciding quantities.
The first zone Z1 is usually set to cover 85 % of the protected line without any trip time
delay (i.e. T1 = 0.00 s). The protection clears faults in this range without additional
time delay, i.e. the tripping time is the relay basic operating time.
The tripping time of the higher zones is sequentially increased by one time grading
margin. The grading margin must take into account the circuit breaker operating time
including the spread of this time, the resetting time of the protection equipment as well
as the spread of the protection delay timers. Typical values are 0.2 s to 0.4 s. The
reach is selected to cover up to approximately 80 % of the zone with the same set time
delay on the shortest neighbouring feeder.
When entering the relay parameters with a personal computer and DIGSI® 4 it can be
selected whether the settings are entered as primary or secondary values.
In the case of parameterization with secondary quantities, the values derived from the
grading coordination chart must be converted to the secondary side of the current and
voltage transformers. In general the following applies:
Current transformer ratio
Z secondary = ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ⋅ Z primary
Voltage transformer ratio
7SA522 Manual 6-49
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Functions
Accordingly, the reach for any distance zone can be specified as follows:
N CT
X sec = ---------- ⋅ X prim
N VT
where
NCT — is the transformation ratio of the current transformers
NVT — is the transformation ratio of the voltage transformers
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 with the following data:
s (length) = 35 km
R1/s = 0.19 Ω/km
X1/s = 0.42 Ω/km
R0/s = 0.53 Ω/km
X0/s = 1.19 Ω/km
Current transformers 600 A/5 A
Voltage transformers110 kV/0,1 kV
The line data is calculated with these values as follows:
RL = 0.19 Ω/km · 35 km = 6.65 Ω
XL = 0.42 Ω/km · 35 km = 14.70 Ω
The first zone should be set to 85 % of the line length; the result is
primary:
X1prim = 0.85 · XL = 0.85 · 14.70 Ω = 12.49 Ω
or secondary:
N CT 600 A/5 A
X1sec = ---------- ⋅ X1 prim = -------------------------------------- ⋅ 12.49 Ω = 1.36 Ω
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
Resistance Margin The resistance setting R allows a margin for fault resistance which appears as an
additional resistance at the fault location and is added to the impedance of the line
conductors. It comprises, for example, the resistance in arcs, the earth distribution
resistance of earth points and others. The setting must allow for these fault resistance,
but should at the same time not be larger than necessary. On long heavily loaded
lines, the setting may extend into the load impedance range. Fault detection due to
overload conditions is then prevented with the load trapezoid. Refer to the margin
heading “Load Area” in section 6.2.2.2. The resistance margin setting may be
separately set for the phase–phase faults on the one hand and the phase–earth faults
on the other hand. It is therefore possible to allow for a larger fault resistance for earth
faults for example.
Most important for this setting on overhead lines, is the resistance of the fault arc. In
cables on the other hand, an appreciable arc can not exist, and the resistance of the
cable itself is decisive for this setting. On very short cables, care should however be
taken that an arc fault on the local cable termination is inside the set resistance of the
first zone.
6-50 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
In the following example a maximum arc voltage of 6 kV is assumed for phase–phase
faults (line data as above). If the minimum primary short-circuit current is assumed to
be 1000 A this corresponds to 6 Ω primary. This results in the following setting for the
resistance reach of the first zone:
primary:
1 1
R1 prim = R1 line + --- ⋅ R arc = 6.65 Ω + --- ⋅ 6 Ω = 9.65 Ω
2 2
or secondary:
N CT 600 A/5 A
R1 sec = ---------- ⋅ R1 prim = -------------------------------------- ⋅ 9.65 Ω = 1.05 Ω
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
Only half the arc resistance was applied in the equation, as it is added to the loop
impedance and therefore only half the arc resistance appears in the per phase
impedance.
A separate resistance margin can be set for earth faults. An arc resistance of 4 Ω and
a tower footing resistance of 12 Ω is assumed. This results in the following
primary:
R1E prim = R1 line + R arc + R tower = 6.65 Ω + 4 Ω + 12 Ω = 22.65 Ω
or secondary:
N CT 600 A/5 A
R1E sec = ---------- ⋅ R1 prim = -------------------------------------- ⋅ 22.65 Ω = 2.47 Ω
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
In this case the least favourable condition was assumed, whereby the earth current
does not return via the measuring point. If all the earth current, or a portion of the earth
current flows via the measuring point, the measured resistance decreases. When
there is an infeed from the remote end, the measured resistance may be increased if
the fault resistance is constant. If the fault voltage is constant, e.g. during an arc fault
(approx. 2.5 kV per meter arc length), then the measured fault resistance decreases
with current infeed from the opposite end. Therefore, for the arc-resistance effective
at the relay location, calculated by means of calculation with constant arc-voltage, the
current from the opposite end does not have to be taken into account.
Independent Zones By means of the setting parameter 02'( each zone can be set )RUZDUG or 5HYHUVH
Z1 up to Z5 or 1RQ'LUHFWLRQDO (Address 2SPRGH=, 2SPRGH=,
2SPRGH=, 2SPRGH= and 2SPRGH=). This allows any
combination of forward, reverse or non-directional graded zones, for example on
transformers, generators or bus couplers. In the fifth zone different reach in the X
direction can be set for forward or reverse. Zones that are not required, are set
,QDFWLYH.
The values derived from the grading coordination chart are set for each of the required
zones. The setting parameters are grouped for each zone. For the first zone, Z1, these
are the parameters 5 = (address ) for the R intersection of the polygon
applicable to phase-phase faults, ; = (address ) for the X intersection of the
polygon (reach), 5( = ( (address ) for the R intersection of the polygon
applicable to phase-earth faults as well as the relevant delay time settings.
7SA522 Manual 6-51
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Functions
For the first zone, Z1, an additional tilt α (figure 6-25) can be set by means of the
parameter in address =RQH5HGXFWLRQ. This setting is required if short circuits
with a large fault resistance (e.g. overhead lines without earth/shield wire) are
expected on lines with an infeed at both ends and load transfer in the direction of the
line (export).
Different delay times can be set for single- and multiple-phase faults in the first zone:
7SKDVH (address ) and 7PXOWLSKDVH (address ). The first zone
is typically set to operate without additional time delay.
The corresponding parameters for the higher zones are:
5 = (address ), ; = (address ), 5( = ( (address );
5 = (address ), ; = (address ), 5( = ( (address );
5 = (address ), ; = (address ), 5( = ( (address );
5 = (address ), ; = (address ) for forward direction, ; =
(address ) for reverse direction, 5( = ( (address );
For the second zone it is also possible to set separate delay times for single- and multi-
phase faults. In general the delay times are set the same. If stability problems are
expected during multiple-phase faults, a shorter time delay 7PXOWLSKDVH
(address ) may be considered under the given circumstances while a higher
setting for 7SKDVH (address ) for single-phase faults may be tolerated.
The zone timers for the remaining zones are set with the parameters 7'(/$<
(address ), 7'(/$< (address ) and 7'(/$< (address ).
If the device is provided with the capability to trip single-pole, single-pole tripping is
then possible in the zones Z1 and Z2. While single-pole tripping then usually applies
to single-phase faults in Z1(if the other conditions for single-pole tripping are satisfied),
this may also be selected for the second zone with address $ 7ULSSROH=.
Single pole tripping in zone 2 is only possible if this address is set to <(6 The
presetting is 12.
Note:
For fast tripping (undelayed) in the forward direction the first zone Z1 should always
be used, as only the Z1 and Z1B are guaranteed to trip with the shortest operating
time of the device. The further zones should be used sequentially for grading in the
forward direction.
If fast tripping (undelayed) is required in the reverse direction, the zone Z3 should be
used for this purpose, as only this zone is guaranteed to trip with the shortest device
operating time for faults in the reverse direction. Zone Z3 is also recommended as re-
verse looking zone in teleprotection Blocking schemes.
Controlled Zone The overreaching zone Z1B is a controlled zone. The normal zones Z1 to Z5 are not
Z1B influenced by Z1B. There is therefore no zone switching, but rather the overreaching
zone is activated or deactivated by the corresponding criteria. Z1B can also be
selected in address to be 2SPRGH=% = )RUZDUG, 5HYHUVH or 1RQ
'LUHFWLRQDO. If this stage is not required, it is set to ,QDFWLYH in address .
The setting options are similar to those of zone Z1: address 5 =% ,
address ; =% , address 5( =% (. The delay times for single-
phase and multiple-phase faults can again be set separately: 7%SKDVH (address
) and 7%PXOWLSKDVH (address ).
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Zone Z1B is usually used in combination with automatic reclosure and/or
teleprotection systems. It can be activated internally by the teleprotection functions
(see also section 6.6) or the integrated automatic reclosure (if available, see also
section 6.1) or externally by a binary input. It is generally set to at least 120% of the
line length. On three-terminal line applications (teed feeders), it must be set to
securely reach beyond the longest line section, even when there is additional infeed
via the tee-off point. The delay times are set in accordance with the type of application,
usually to zero or a very small delay. When used in conjunction with teleprotection
comparison systems, the dependence on the fault detection must be considered (refer
to margin heading “Distance Protection Prerequisites” in Sub-section 6.6.2.
If the distance protection is used in conjunction with an automatic recloser, it may be
determined in address 1357 VW$5!=% which distance zones are released prior
to a rapid automatic reclosure. Usually the overreaching zone Z1B is used for the first
cycle (VW$5!=% = <HV). This may be suppressed by changing the setting to
VW$5!=% equals 1R. In this case the overreaching zone Z1B is not released
before and during the 1st automatic reclose cycle. Zone Z1 is always released. The
setting only has an effect when the service condition of the automatic reclose function
is input to the device via binary input “>Enable ARzones” (FNo. 383, power system
data 2).
6.2.3.3 Settings
The indicated secondary current values and values of impedance for setting ranges
and default settings refer to I N = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values
are to be multiplied by 5. The values of impedance are divided by 5.
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1301 Op. mode Z1 Forward Forward Operating mode Z1
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1302 R(Z1) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 1.250 Ohm R(Z1), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
1303 X(Z1) 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm X(Z1), Reactance
1304 RE(Z1) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm RE(Z1), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1305 T1-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1306 T1-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1307 Zone Reduction 0..45 ° 0° Zone Reduction Angle (load
compensation)
1351 Op. mode Z1B Forward Forward Operating mode Z1B (overrre-
Reverse ach zone)
Non-Directional
Inactive
1352 R(Z1B) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 1.500 Ohm R(Z1B), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1353 X(Z1B) 0.050..250.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm X(Z1B), Reactance
1354 RE(Z1B) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm RE(Z1B), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1355 T1B-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-1phase, delay for single ph.
faults
1356 T1B-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-multi-ph, delay for multi ph.
faults
1357 1st AR -> Z1B NO YES Z1B enabled before 1st AR (int.
YES or ext.)
1311 Op. mode Z2 Forward Forward Operating mode Z2
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1312 R(Z2) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm R(Z2), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
1313 X(Z2) 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm X(Z2), Reactance
1314 RE(Z2) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm RE(Z2), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1315 T2-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1316 T2-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1317A Trip 1pole Z2 NO NO Single pole trip for faults in Z2
YES
1321 Op. mode Z3 Forward Reverse Operating mode Z3
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1322 R(Z3) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm R(Z3), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
1323 X(Z3) 0.050..250.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm X(Z3), Reactance
1324 RE(Z3) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm RE(Z3), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1325 T3 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T3 delay
1331 Op. mode Z4 Forward Non-Directional Operating mode Z4
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1332 R(Z4) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm R(Z4), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
1333 X(Z4) 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm X(Z4), Reactance
1334 RE(Z4) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm RE(Z4), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1335 T4 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T4 delay
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1341 Op. mode Z5 Forward Inactive Operating mode Z5
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1342 R(Z5) Ø-Ø 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm R(Z5), Resistance for ph-ph-
faults
1343 X(Z5)+ 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm X(Z5)+, Reactance for Forward
direction
1344 RE(Z5) Ø-E 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm RE(Z5), Resistance for ph-e
faults
1345 T5 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T5 delay
1346 X(Z5)- 0.050..250.000 Ohm 4.000 Ohm X(Z5)-, Reactance for Reverse
direction
7SA522 Manual 6-55
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6.2.4 Distance Protection with MHO Characteristic (optional)
The Distance Protection 7SA522 may optionally be provided with polygonal tripping
characteristic or with a MHO circle characteristic, or with both depending on which
version was ordered. If both characteristics are available, they may be selected
separately for phase–phase loops and phase–earth loops. If only the polygonal
tripping characteristic is used, this Sub-section 6.2.4 is of no further interest.
6.2.4.1 Method of Operation
Basic Circle One MHO circle is defined for each distance zone, which represents the tripping
characteristic of the corresponding zone. In total there are five independent and one
additional controlled zone for each fault impedance loop. The basic shape of a MHO
circle for one zone is shown in Figure 6-30 as an example.
jX Line cha-
racteristic
Zr
Diameter
ϕload
ϕline
Load area
Rload
R
Line cha-
racteristic
Figure 6-30 Basic shape of a MHO circle characteristic
The MHO circle is defined by the line of its diameter which intersects the origin of the
coordinate system and the magnitude of the diameter which corresponds to the
impedance Zr which determines the reach. The incline of the diameter line
corresponds to the line angle ϕline. A load trapezoid with the setting parameters Rload
and ϕload may be used to cut the load area out of the circle. The reach Zr may be
separately set for each zone; the inclination angle ϕline as well as the load impedance
parameters Rload, and ϕload are common to all zones. As the circle intersects the origin
of the coordinate system, a separate directional characteristic is not required.
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Polarized As is the case with all characteristics that pass through the origin of the coordinate
MHO Circle system, the MHO circle boundary around the origin itself is also not defined as the
measured voltage is zero or too small to be evaluated in this case. For this reason, the
MHO circle is polarized. The polarization determines the lower zenith of the circle, i.e.
the lower intersection of the diameter line with the circle. The upper zenith which is
determined by the reach setting Zr remains unchanged. Immediately after fault
inception, the short-circuit voltage is disturbed by transients; the voltage memorized
prior to fault inception is therefore used for polarization. This causes a displacement
of the lower zenith by an impedance corresponding to the memorized voltage (refer to
Figure 6-31). When the memorized short-circuit voltage is too small, a quadrature
voltage (from an unfaulted loop) is used. In theory this voltage is perpendicular to the
voltage of the faulted loop for both phase–earth loops as well as phase–phase loops.
This is taken into account by the calculation by means of a 90° rotation. The unfaulted
loop voltages also cause a displacement of the lower zenith.
jX Line-
characteristic
Zr
Diameter
Load area
Rload
R
k · ZS
ZS= Source impedance
k = Weighting factor 0.15 for
polarizing voltage
Figure 6-31 Polarized MHO circle
Characteristics of As the quadrature or memorized voltage (without load transfer) equals the corre-
the MHO Circle sponding generator voltage E and does not change after fault inception (refer also to
Figure 6-32), the lower zenith is shifted in the impedance plane by the polarizing quan-
tity k·ZS1 = k · E1/I1. The upper zenith is still defined by the setting value Zr. For the
fault location F1 (Figure 6-32a) the short-circuit location is in the forward direction and
the source impedance is in the reverse direction. All fault locations, right up to the de-
vice location (current transformers) are clearly inside the MHO circle (Figure 6-32b). If
the current is reversed, the zenith of the circle diameter changes abruptly (Figure 6-
32c). A reversed current I2 now flows via the measuring location (current transformer)
which is determined by the source impedance ZS2 + ZL. The zenith Zr remains un-
changed; it now is the lower boundary of the circle diameter. In conjunction with load
transport via the line, the zenith vector may additionally be rotated by the load angle.
7SA522 Manual 6-57
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When switching onto a three-pole fault with the MHO-circle, there will be no voltage in
the memory or unfaulted loop voltage available. To ensure fault clearance when swit-
ching onto three-pole close-up fault, please make sure that in conjunction with the
configured MHO-characteristic the High-Current-Switch-onto-Fault protection is al-
ways enabled.
F2 F1
E1 E2
ZS1 I1 I2 ZL ZS2
6-32a 7SA522
jX
jX ZS2 ZS2
Zr Zr
ZL
ZL
F1
ZS1 R F2 R
ZS1
6-32b 6-32c
Figure 6-32 Polarized MHO circle with quadrature or memorized voltages
Assignment to the The assignment of the loop impedances to the set characteristics of each distance
Circles and zones carried out as follows: For each zone the angle between two difference phasors
Zone Pick-up ∆Z1 and ∆Z2 (Figure 6-33) is determined. These phasors result from the difference
between the two zeniths of the circle diameter and the fault impedance. The zenith Zr
corresponds to the set value for the zone under consideration (Zr and ϕLine as shown
in Figure 6-30), the zenith k · ZS corresponds to the polarizing magnitude. Therefore
the difference phasors are:
∆Z1 = ZF – Zr
∆Z2 = ZF – k · ZS
In the limiting case, ZF is located on the perimeter of the circle. In this case the angle
between the two difference phasors is 90° (Thales–theorem). Inside the circle the
angle is greater than 90° and outside the circle it is smaller than 90°.
6-58 7SA522 Manual
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jX Zr = Impedance reach limit (set value)
ZF= Fault impedance
Zr ZS= Source impedance
k = Weighting factor for
polarizing voltage
∆Z1
ZF
∆Z2
Load area
RLoad
R
k · Zv
Figure 6-33 Phasor diagram of the MHO circle measured values
For each distance zone a MHO circle can be defined by means of the parameter Zr. It
is also possible to select for each zone whether its reach should be in the )RUZDUG or
5HYHUVH direction.For the reverse direction, the MHO circle is mirrored in the origin
of the coordinate system. As soon as the fault impedance of any loop is confidently
measured inside the MHO circle of a distance zone, the affected loop is designated as
picked up. The loop information is also converted to phase segregated information.
Further conditions for the pick-up of a zone is that the zone may not be blocked by the
power swing blocking (refer also to Sub-section 6.3.1). Furthermore the distance
protection may not be blocked or switched off completely. Figure 6-34 shows these
conditions.
Dis switched off
≥1
Dis blocked
Pow.swing block
2SPRGH=
IRUZDUG
&
release of Z1
&
„1“ UHYHUVH
≥1
LQDFWLYH *)IRUZDUGand UHYHUVHonly af-
further fect the measured values, but
zones have no effect on this logic
Figure 6-34 Release logic of a zone (Z1 used as an example)
7SA522 Manual 6-59
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The zones and phases of such a valid fault detection are alarmed, e.g. Dis. Z1 L1E for
zone Z1 and phase L1. The zone logic (refer to Sub-section 6.2.5) and supplementary
functions (e.g. teleprotection logic, Sub-section 6.6.1) process these signals further.
In total, the following zones are available:
Independent zones:
• 1st Zone (fast tripping zone) Z1 with =5 = ; may be delayed by 7SKDVH and
7PXOWLSKDVH
• 2nd Zone (back-up zone) Z2 with =5 = ; may be delayed by 7SKDVH and
7PXOWLSKDVH
• 3rd Zone (back-up zone) Z3 with =5 = ; may be delayed by 7'(/$<
• 4th Zone (back-up zone) Z4 with =5 = ; may be delayed by 7'(/$<
• 5th Zone (back-up zone) Z5 with =5 = ; may be delayed by 7'(/$<
Dependant (controlled) Zone:
• Overreaching zone Z1B with =5 =% ; may be delayed by 7%SKDVH and / or
7%PXOWLSKDVH.
6.2.4.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The function parameters for the MHO circle characteristic only apply if during the
configuration of the scope of functions (Section 5.1) the 0+2 circle was selected for
phase–phase measurement (address ) and/or phase–earth measurement
(address ).
Grading It is recommended to initially create a grading coordination chart for the entire
coordination chart galvanically interconnected system. This diagram should reflect the line lengths with
their primary impedance Z in Ω/phase. For the reach of the distance zones, the
impedances Z are the deciding quantities.
The first zone Z1 is usually set to cover 85 % of the protected line without any trip time
delay (i.e. T1 = 0.00 s). The protection clears faults in this range without additional
time delay, i.e. the tripping time is the relay basic operating time.
The tripping time of the higher zones is sequentially increased by one time grading
margin. The grading margin must take into account the circuit breaker operating time
including the spread of this time, the resetting time of the protection equipment as well
as the spread of the protection delay timers. Typical values are 0.2 s to 0.4 s. The
reach is selected to cover up to approximately 80 % of the zone with the same set time
delay on the shortest neighbouring feeder.
When entering the relay parameters with a personal computer and DIGSI® 4 it can be
selected whether the settings are entered as primary or secondary values.
In the case of parameterization with secondary quantities, the values derived from the
grading coordination chart must be converted to the secondary side of the current and
voltage transformers. In general the following applies:
Current transformer ratio
Z secondary = ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ⋅ Z primary
Voltage transformer ratio
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Accordingly, the reach for any distance zone can be specified as follows:
N CT
Z sec = ----------- ⋅ Z prim
N VT
where
NCT — transformation ratio of the current transformers
NVT — transformation ratio of the voltage transformers
On long, heavily loaded lines, the MHO circle may extend into the load impedance
range. This is of no consequence as the pick-up by overload is prevented by the load
trapezoid. Refer to margin heading “Load Area” in Sub-section 6.2.2.2.
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line150 mm2 with the following data:
s (length) = 21 miles
R1/s = 0.31 Ω/mile
X1/s = 0.69 Ω/mile
R0/s = 0.87 Ω/mile
X0/s = 1.96 Ω/mile
current transformers600 A/5 A
voltage transformers110 kV/0,1 kV
The following line data is calculated:
RL = 0.31 Ω/mile · 21 miles = 6.51 Ω
XL = 0.69 Ω/mile · 21 miles = 14.49 Ω
ZL = √6.512 + 14.492 Ω =15.88 Ω
For the first zone, a setting of 85 % of the line length should be applied, which results
in
primary:
Z1prim = 0.85 · ZL = 0.85 · 15.88 Ω = 13.5 Ω
or secondary:
N CT 600 A/5 A
Z1sec = ---------- ⋅ Z prim = -------------------------------------- ⋅ 13.5 Ω = 1.47 Ω
N VT 110 kV/0.1 kV
Independent Zones By means of the setting parameter 02'( each zone can be set )RUZDUG or 5HYHUVH
Z1 up to Z5 (Address 2SPRGH=, 2SPRGH=, 2SPRGH=, 2S
PRGH= and 2SPRGH=). This allows any combination of forward or reverse
graded zones. Zones that are not required, are set ,QDFWLYH.
The values derived from the grading coordination chart are set for each of the required
zones. The setting parameters are grouped for each zone. For the first zone, Z1, these
are the parameters =5 = (address ) specifying the impedance of the upper
zenith of the MHO circle from the origin (reach), as well as the relevant delay time
settings.
Different delay times can be set for single- and multiple-phase faults in the first zone:
7SKDVH (address ) and 7PXOWLSKDVH (address ). The first zone
is typically set to operate without additional time delay.
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For the remaining zones the following correspondingly applies:
=5 = (address );
=5 = (address );
=5 = (address );
=5 = (address );
For the second zone it is also possible to set separate delay times for single- and multi-
phase faults. In general the delay times are set the same. If stability problems are
expected during multiple-phase faults, a shorter time delay 7PXOWLSKDVH
(address ) may be considered under the given circumstances while a higher
setting for 7SKDVH (address ) for single-phase faults may be tolerated.
The zone timers for the remaining zones are set with the parameters 7'(/$<
(address ), 7'(/$< (address ) and 7'(/$< (address ).
If the device is provided with the capability to trip single-pole, single-pole tripping is
then possible in the zones Z1 and Z2. While single-pole tripping usually applies to
single-phase faults in Z1(if the remaining conditions for single-pole tripping are
satisfied), this may also be selected for the second zone with address $ 7ULS
SROH=. Single pole tripping in zone 2 is only possible if this address is set to <HV
The presetting is 1R.
Note:
For instantaneous tripping (undelayed) in the forward direction, the first zone Z1
should always be used, as only the Z1 and Z1B are guaranteed to trip with the shortest
operating time of the device. The further zones should be used sequentially for grad-
ing in the forward direction.
If instantaneous tripping (undelayed) is required in the reverse direction, the zone Z3
should be used for this purpose, as only this zone is guaranteed to trip with the short-
est device operating time for faults in the reverse direction. Zone Z3 is also recom-
mended as reverse looking zone in teleprotection Blocking schemes.
Controlled Zone The overreaching zone Z1B is a controlled zone. The normal zones Z1 to Z5 are not
Z1B influenced by Z1B. There is therefore no zone switching, but rather the overreaching
zone is activated or deactivated by the corresponding criteria. Z1B can also be
selected in address to be 2SPRGH= = )RUZDUG or 5HYHUVH. If this stage
is not required, it is set to ,QDFWLYH in address . The setting options are similar
to those of zone Z1: address =5 =% . The delay times for single-phase and
multiple-phase faults can again be set separately: 7%SKDVH (address ) and
7%PXOWLSKDVH (address ).
Zone Z1B is usually used in combination with automatic reclosure and/or
teleprotection systems. It can be activated internally by the teleprotection functions
(see also section 6.6) or the integrated automatic reclosure (if available, see also
section 6.1) or externally by a binary input. It is generally set to at least 120% of the
line length. On three-terminal line applications (teed feeders), it must be set to
securely reach beyond the longest line section, even when there is additional infeed
via the tee-off point. The delay times are set in accordance with the type of application,
usually to zero or a very small delay. When used in conjunction with teleprotection
comparison systems, the dependence on the fault detection must be considered (refer
to margin heading “Distance Protection Prerequisites” in Sub-section 6.6.2.
If the distance protection is used in conjunction with an automatic recloser, it may be
determined in address VW$5!=% which distance zones are released prior
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to a rapid automatic reclosure. Usually the overreaching zone Z1B is used for the first
cycle (VW$5!=% = <HV). This may be suppressed by changing the setting to
VW$5!=% equals 1R. In this case the overreaching zone Z1B is not released
before and during the 1st automatic reclose cycle. Zone Z1 is always released. The
setting only has an effect when the service condition of the automatic reclose function
is input to the device via binary input >Enable ARzones (FNo. 383, power system data
2).
6.2.4.3 Settings
The indicated secondary current values and values of impedance for setting ranges
and default settings refer to I N = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values
are to be multiplied by 5. The values of impedance are divided by 5.
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1401 Op. mode Z1 Forward Forward Operating mode Z1
Reverse
Inactive
1402 ZR(Z1) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm ZR(Z1), Impedance Reach
1305 T1-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1306 T1-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1451 Op. mode Z1B Forward Forward Operating mode Z1B (extended
Reverse zone)
Inactive
1452 ZR(Z1B) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm ZR(Z1B), Impedance Reach
1355 T1B-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-1phase, delay for single ph.
faults
1356 T1B-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-multi-ph, delay for multi ph.
faults
1357 1st AR -> Z1B NO YES Z1B enabled before 1st AR (int.
YES or ext.)
1411 Op. mode Z2 Forward Forward Operating mode Z2
Reverse
Inactive
1412 ZR(Z2) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm ZR(Z2), Impedance Reach
1315 T2-1phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2-1phase, delay for single
phase faults
1316 T2-multi-phase 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2multi-ph, delay for multi phase
faults
1317A Trip 1pole Z2 NO NO Single pole trip for faults in Z2
YES
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1421 Op. mode Z3 Forward Reverse Operating mode Z3
Reverse
Inactive
1422 ZR(Z3) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm ZR(Z3), Impedance Reach
1325 T3 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T3 delay
1431 Op. mode Z4 Forward Forward Operating mode Z4
Reverse
Inactive
1432 ZR(Z4) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm ZR(Z4), Impedance Reach
1335 T4 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T4 delay
1441 Op. mode Z5 Forward Inactive Operating mode Z5
Reverse
Inactive
1442 ZR(Z5) 0.050..200.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm ZR(Z5), Impedance Reach
1345 T5 DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T5 delay
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6.2.5 Tripping Logic of the Distance Protection
6.2.5.1 Method of Operation
General Fault As soon as any one of the distance zones has determined with certainty that the fault
Detection is inside its tripping range, the signal “'LV3,&.83” (general fault detection of the
distance protection) is generated. This signal is alarmed and made available for the
initialization of internal and external supplementary functions. (e.g. teleprotection
signal transmission, automatic reclosure).
Zone Logic of the As was mentioned in the description of the measuring technique, each distance zone
Independent Zones generates an output signal which is associated with the zone and the affected phase.
Z1 up to Z5 The zone logic combines these zone fault detections with possible further internal and
external signals, starts the associated delay times and arrives at the reaches the
possible trip decision. The simplified zone logic is shown in Figure 6-35 using for zone
1, Figure 6-36 for zone 2 and Figure 6-37 for the third zone. Zones Z4 and Z5 function
according to Figure 6-38.
In the case of zones Z1, Z2 and Z1B single-pole tripping is possible for single-phase
faults, if the device version includes the single-pole tripping option. Therefore the
event output in these cases is provided for each pole. Different trip delay times can be
set for single-phase and multiple-phase faults in these zones. For multiple-phase
faults and faults in the other zones, the tripping is always three pole.
Note:
The input !S7ULS3HUP ()1R) must be activated to achieve single-pole
tripping. The binary input is usually controlled by an external automatic reclosure de-
vice.
The trip delay times of the zones (except for Z1 which is usually always set without
delay) can be bypassed. The undelayed release results from the line energization
logic, which may be externally initiated via the circuit breaker close signal derived from
the circuit breaker control switch or from an internal line energization detection (refer
to Sub-section 6.19.1). Zones Z4 and Z5 may be blocked by external criteria.
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L1
L2 =1 3771 Dis T1 exp.
L3
3801 Dis G–trip
7SKDVH
L1
3802 Dis trip 1polL1
L1 T 0 &
Dis FD Z1 L1 L2 L2 ≥1
Dis Anr Z1 L2 3803 Dis trip 1polL2
L3 L3
Dis Anr Z1 L3
≥1 Tripping logic
of the distance 3804 Dis trip 1polL3
7PXOWLSKDVH protection
& 3805 Dis trip L123
L1
T 0
L2 ≥1
L3
3811 Dis trip Z1 1p
L1
L2
L3 3823 Dis trip Z1 3p1
0381 >1p Trip perm.
3824 Dis trip Z1 3pm
Figure 6-35 Tripping logic for the 1st Zone
L1
3774 Dis T2 exp.
L2 =1
L3
7SKDVH
3801 Dis G–trip
L1 &
L1 T 0
Dis FD Z2 L1 L2 L2 ≥1
Dis FD Z2 L2 L3 3802 Dis trip 1polL1
Dis FDZ2 L3 L3
≥1
Tripping logic 3803 Dis trip 1polL2
7PXOWLSKDVH of the distance
L1
& protection 3804 Dis trip 1polL3
T 0
L2 ≥1
L3 3805 Dis trip L123
L1
L2
L3
L1 3816 Dis trip Z2 1p
L2 ≥1
L3 & 3817 Dis trip Z2 3p
Z2 undelayed
(see figure 6-24)
Figure 6-36 Tripping logic for the 2nd Zone
7'(/$< 3777 Dis T3 exp.
Dis FD Z3 L1 T 0 3801 Dis G–trip
≥1
Dis FD Z3 L2
≥1 Tripping logic
Dis FD Z3 L3 of the distance
3805 Dis trip L123
protection
&
Z3 undelayed 3818 Dis trip Z3
(see figure 6-24)
Figure 6-37 Tripping logic for the 3rd Zone
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7'(/$< 3778 Dis T4 exp.
Dis FD Z4 L1 T 0
≥1
Dis FD Z4 L2
≥1 3801 Dis G–trip
Dis FD Z4 L3
& Tripping logic
& of the distance 3805 Dis trip L123
Z4 undelayed protection
(refer Fig. 6-24)
3821 Dis trip Z4
Dis bl Z4 trip
Figure 6-38 Tripping logic for the 4th and 5th Zone, shown is zone Z4
Zone Logic The controlled zone Z1B is usually applied as an overreaching zone. The logic is
of the Controlled shown in Figure 6-39. It may be activated via various internal and external functions.
Zone Z1B The binary inputs for external activation are “!(1$%/(=%” and “!(QDEOH
$5]RQHV”. The former can for example be from an external teleprotection device, and
only affects Z1B of the distance protection. The latter affects all protection functions
that include an rapid autoclosure stage; it may for example be derived from an external
automatic reclose device. In addition, it is possible to use the zone Z1B as a rapid
autoclosure stage that only operates for single-pole faults, if for example only single-
pole automatic reclose cycles are executed.
It is possible for the 7SA522 to trip single-pole during two-phase faults without earth-
connection in the overreaching zone when single-pole automatic reclosure is used.
As the device has an integrated teleprotection function (refer to Section 6.6), release
signals from this function may activate the zone Z1B, provided that the internal
teleprotection signal transmission function has been configured to one of the available
techniques with parameter 7HOHSURW'LVWi.o.w. the function has not
been set to 'LVDEOHG
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L1
L2 =1 3780 Dis T1B exp.
L3
7%SKDVH 3801 Dis G–trip
L1
L1 T 0
Dis FD Z1B L1 L2 L2 ≥1 &
Dis FD Z1B L2 L3 Tripping logic
Dis FD Z1B L3 L3 3802 Dis trip1polL1
of the distance
≥1 protection
7%PXOWLSKDVH 3803 Dis trip1polL2
&
L1
T 0 3804 Dis trip1polL3
L2 ≥1
L3
3805 Dis trip L123
L1
L2 ≥1
L3 &
3813 Dis trip Z1B1p
Z1B instantaneous
(refer Fig. 6-24) L1
L2 3825 Dis trip Z1B3p1
L3 &
L1 per Phase
L2 3826 Dis trip Z1B3pm
L3
3611 ENABLE Z1B L1
≥1 L1
7HOHSURW'LVW L1 L1
&
(further) L1
„1“ L2
≥1 L2 L2
≥1
not available
& L2
& 3850 Dis trip Z1B Tel
L2
Dis Sig active
L3
L3
≥1 L3
L3
&
& L1 L3
Dis relZ1B/T1B L1
Dis relZ1B/T1B L2 L2
Dis relZ1B/T1B L3 &
L3
&
VW$5!=%
No
„1“
Yes &
&
ENABLE ARzones
& 1pole L1
Only 1ph AR tripping L2
for 2pole L3
faults
Figure 6-39 Tripping logic for the controlled zone Z1B
Tripping Logic The output signals generated by the individual zones are combined in the actual
tripping logic to form the trip output signals. The signal 'LV*HQ7ULS is the general
trip command (refer to Fig. 6-35 up to 6-39). The single-pole information 'LV7ULS
S/'LV7ULSS/'LV7ULSS/ implies that tripping will take place
single-pole only. The 'LV7ULS/ signal indicates the three-pole trip command.
Furthermore, the zone that initiated the tripping is identified; if single-pole tripping is
possible, this is also alarmed, as shown in the zone logic diagrams (Figures 6-35 up
to 6-39). The actual generation of the commands for the trip relay takes place in the
tripping logic of the device. (refer to Sub-section 6.19.4).
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6.2.5.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The trip delay times of the distance stages and intervention options which are also
processed in the tripping logic of the distance protection were already considered with
the zone settings (Sub-sections 6.2.3.2 and 6.2.4.2).
The parameter in address 627)]RQH which determines the response during
switching onto a short-circuit was already set as part of the general data of the
distance protection (Sub-section 6.2.2.2).
Further setting options which affect the tripping are described as part of the tripping
logic of the device (refer to Sub-section 6.19.4).
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6.3 Measures to Be Taken in Case of Power Swings (optional)
Following dynamic events such as load jumps, short-circuits, reclose dead times or
switching actions it is possible that the generators must realign themselves, in an
oscillatory manner, with the new load balance of the system. The distance protection
registers large transient currents during the power swing and, especially at the
electrical centre, small voltages (Figure 6-40). Small voltages with simultaneous large
currents apparently imply small impedances, which again could lead to tripping by the
distance protection. In expansive networks with large transferred power, even the
stability of the energy transfer could be endangered by such power swings.
E2 E1 Z2 I Z1
M M
I
E2 U E1
M
E2 U E1
E1 – E2
I = ------------------- at the measuring location M
Z1 + Z2
Figure 6-40 Power swing
To avoid uncontrolled tripping, the distance protection devices are supplemented with
power swing blocking functions. At particular locations in the system, out-of-step
tripping devices are also applied to split the system into islanded networks at selected
locations, when system stability (synchronism) is lost due to severe (unstable) power
swings.
The 7SA522 has an integrated power swing supplement which allows both the
blocking of trips by the distance protection during power swings (power swing
blocking) and the calculated tripping during unstable power swings (out-of-step
tripping).
6.3.1 Method of Operation
System power swings are three phase symmetrical processes. Therefore in general a
certain degree of measured value symmetry may be assumed. System power swings
may however also occur during unsymmetrical processes, e.g. during two-phase
short-circuits or during single-pole dead times. The power swing detection in the
7SA522 is therefore based on three measuring systems. For each phase, a dedicated
measuring system is available. Even if a power swing has been detected, any
subsequent short-circuits will result in the fast cancellation of the power swing block in
the affected phases, thereby allowing the tripping of the distance protection.
To detect a power swing, the rate of change of the impedance vector is measured. In
the case of the polygon characteristic, the measurement is started when the
impedance vector enters the power swing measuring range PPOL (refer to Figure 6-
41). The fault detection range APOL is made up of the largest set values for R and X
of all the activated zones. The power swing zone has a minimum distance Z diff of 5 Ω
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(at IN = 1 A) or 1 Ω (at IN = 5 A) in all directions from the fault detection zone. In the
event of a short-circuit (1), the impedance vector abruptly changes from the load
condition into this fault detection range. However, in the event of a power swing, the
apparent impedance vector initially enters the power swing range PPOL and only later
enters the fault detection range APOL (2). It is also possible that a power swing vector
will enter the area of the power swing range and leave it again without coming into
contact with the fault detection range (3). If the vector enters the power swing polygon
and passes through it leaving on the opposite side, then the sections of the network
seen from the relay location have lost synchronism (4): The power transfer is unstable.
jX Line-
characteristic
XP = XA + Zdiff
power swing range PPOL
XA
fault detection range APOL
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
–RP –RA ϕline RA RP = RA + Zdiff
Zdiff
–XA
Zdiff
–XP
Line-
characteristic
Figure 6-41 Pick up characteristic of the power swing detection for a polygon.
The same applies to the MHO circle characteristic (refer to Figure 6-42). The power
swing circle also has a distance Zdiff of 5 Ω (at IN = 1 A) viz. 1 Ω (at IN = 5 A) from the
largest zone circle. If one or more reverse zones are set, this impedance distance from
all zones is maintained.
The rate of change of the three impedance vectors is monitored in 1/4–period–cycles.
If an impedance vectors, moving on a continuous curve, enters the power swing
measuring range PPOL, a power swing condition is assumed. If on the other hand an
impedance vector changes abruptly, this can only result from a load jump or short
circuit.
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A power swing is detected, if during the last eight measuring cycles (corresponding to
two periods), the continuity of the changing impedance vector is confirmed. In this
way, slip frequencies of up to at least 7 Hz are detected.
The rate of change of the 3 impedance vectors is monitored in 1/4 cycle intervals.
jX
PPOL
Zdiff
PPOL
Figure 6-42 Pick up characteristic for the power swing detection for the MHO circle
X Fault
impedance
Power swing
dR(k-n)
Fault entry
dX(k-n)
dR(k)
dX(k)
Load
impedance
R
Figure 6-43 Impedance vector during power swing
Trajectory The rate of change of the impedance vector is very important for the differentiation
Continuity and between faults and power swing conditions. In Figure 6-43 this is shown. During the
Monotony power swing the measured impedance from one sample to the next has a defined
change in R and X, referred to as dR(k) and dX(k). Important is also the fact that from
one sample to the next the difference is small: i.e. |dR(k) - dR(k+1)|< threshold.
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During a fault entry there is a rapid change that will not cause the power swing function
to pick up.
Trajectory Stability When the impedance vector enters the impedance characteristic during a
power swing this is on a point of the elliptical curve that corresponds to steady
state instability. For release of the power swing detection a further criterion is
therefor used. In Figure 6-44 the range for steady state instability is shown.
This range is detected in the distance relay by calculating the center of the
ellipse and checking if the actual measured X value is less than this value.
0°
-90° +90°
Steady state
instability range
X0
-180° +180°
R
Figure 6-44 Steady state instability range
Trajectory In addition to these measures, a comparison of the three phases is done to
Symmetry ensure that they are symmetrical. During a power swing condition in the single
pole open condition only 2 of the three phases will have an impedance
trajectory. In this case only these 2 remaining phase trajectories are checked
to ensure that they are symmetrical.
Power Swing To ensure stable and secure operation of the power swing detection without
Detection risking unwanted power swing blocking during power system faults, a logical
combination of a number of measuring criteria are used.
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No trip output
present Power swing
&
detected
Impedance in PPOL Trajectory continuity
No jump of R-values
and X-values
&
Calculation of
R, X Trajectory monotony
the R und X
3 No change in R-direction S Q
values
Trajectory symmetry
& R
Check symmetry of
trajectories that may
be swinging
Trajectory stability
Calculate centre of
trajectory
Change
Trajectory check OST of sign Out of step
Check sign of R when fault
enters and exits zone
protection trip
Figure 6-45 Logic diagram of power swing
In Figure 6-45 a simplified logic diagram for the power swing function is given. This
measurement is done on a per phase basis although Figure 6-45 only shows the logic
for one phase. Before a power swing detected signal is generated, the measured
impedance must be inside the power swing polygon (PPOL). A further 4 measuring
criteria must be fulfilled.
q Trajectory continuity
The measured R and X values must describe a steady path without a jump from one
measured value to the next. Refer to Figure 6-43.
q Trajectory monotony
The impedance trajectory must initially not change R-direction. Refer to
Figure 6-43.
q Trajectory symmetry
The trajectory of each phase is evaluated. If no fault is present these 3 trajectories
must be symmetrical. During single pole open conditions the remaining 2
trajectories must be symmetrical.
q Trajectory stability
When the impedance trajectory enters the PPOL during a swing condition the
system must be in the area of steady state instability. In Figure 6-44 this
corresponds to the lower half of the circle.
All these conditions must be true for the generation of a power swing block condition.
Once the power swing block condition is set it will remain picked up until the
impedance vector leaves the power swing polygon (PPOL) unless a fault occurs
during this time. The detection of a jump in the trajectory or non-symmetry of the
trajectories will reset the power swing blocking condition.
For the out of step tripping (OST) signal, a power swing detection is required in the
normal manner. Subsequently the sign of the R component in the impedance is
evaluated at the instant that the trajectory entered and exited the PPOL. If this sign is
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not the same, an out of step condition is detected and the power swing trip signal is
issued if this was configured.
Power Swing The power swing blocking affects the distance protection. If the criteria for power
Blocking swing detection have been fulfilled in at least one phase, the following reactions are
possible in relation to the power swing blocking function (set in address 36
2SPRGH):
• Blocking of all zones ($OO]RQHVEORFN):
All zones of the distance protection are blocked during a power swing.
• Blocking of the first zone only (==%EORFN):
The first zone (Z1) and the overreaching zone (Z1B) are blocked during a power
swing. Faults in other zones are tripped with the associated grading time.
• Blocking of only the higher zones (=WR=EORFN):
The higher zones (Z2 to Z5) are blocked during a power swing. Only the first and
the overreaching zone (Z1 and Z1B) remain active.
• Blocking of the first two zones (==%=EORFN):
The first and second zone (Z1 and Z2) and the overreaching zone (Z1B) are
blocked during a power swing. The higher zones Z3 to Z5 remain active.
The associated measures taken apply to all phases when power swing has been
detected. They are active for as long as the measured impedance vector is inside the
power swing range PPOL, or if due to an abrupt change of the associated impedance
vector the power swing criteria are no longer satisfied.
Power Swing If tripping in the event of an unstable power swing (out-of-step condition) is desired,
Tripping the parameter 3RZHU6ZLQJWULS = <HV is set. If the criteria for power swing
detection are satisfied, the distance protection is initially blocked according to the
configured program for power swing blocking, to avoid tripping by the distance
protection.
When the impedance vectors identified by the power swing detection exit the power
swing characteristic PPOL, the sign of the R components in the vectors are checked
to see if they are the same on exiting and entering the characteristic. If this is the case,
the power swing process is inclined to stabilize. Otherwise, the vector passed through
the power swing characteristic (loss of synchronism, case (4) in Figure 6-41). The
device issues a three-pole trip command, thereby isolating the two system segments
from each other. Power swing tripping is alarmed.
As the operating range of the power swing supplement depends on the distance
protection settings, the power swing tripping can also only be active, when the
distance protection has been activated.
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6.3.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The power swing supplement is only active if it has been set to 3RZHU6ZLQJ =
(QDEOHG (address ) during the configuration. For 3RZHU6ZLQJ no other
parameters have to be set.
The four possible programs may be set in address 362SPRGH, as
described in Sub-section 6.3.1: $OO]RQHVEORFN or ==%EORFNor =WR=
EORFN or ==%=EORFN.
Additionally the tripping function for unstable oscillations (out-of-step condition, loss of
system synchronism) can be set with parameter 3RZHU6ZLQJWULS (address ),
which should be set to <HV if required (presetting is 1R). In the event of power swing
tripping it is sensible to set 362SPRGH = $OO]RQHVEORFNfor the power swing
blocking, to avoid premature tripping by the distance protection.
6.3.3 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2002 P/S Op. mode all zones blocked all zones blocked Power Swing Operating mode
Z1/Z1B blocked
Z2 to Z5 blocked
Z1,Z1B,Z2 blocked
2006 PowerSwing trip NO NO Power swing trip
YES
6.3.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
4164 Power Swing Power Swing detected
4166 Pow. Swing TRIP Power Swing TRIP command
4167 Pow. Swing L1 Power Swing detected in L1
4168 Pow. Swing L2 Power Swing detected in L2
4169 Pow. Swing L3 Power Swing detected in L3
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6.4 Protection Data Interfaces and Protection Data Topology (optional)
Where a teleprotection scheme is to be used to achieve 100% instantaneous
protection, digital communication channels can be used for data transmission
between the devices. In addition to the protection data, other data can be transmitted
and thus be made available at the line ends. This data includes synchronization and
topology data, as well as remote trip signals, remote annunciation signals and
measured values. The topology of the protection data communication system is
constituted by the allocation of devices to the ends of the protected object and by the
allocation of communication paths to the protection data interfaces of the devices.
6.4.1 Function description
Communication For a standard layout of lines with two ends, you require one protection data interface
Topology for each device. The protection data interface is named PI 1 (see also Figure 6-46).
The corresponding protection data interface must have been set to HQDEOHGduring
configuration of the scope of functions.
Having two devices of 7SA522 you can connect both protection data interfaces with
each other. This is, however, only possible if the both devices are provided with two
protection data interfaces and if transmission objects required are available. A 100%
redundancy is guaranteed as far as transmission is concerned (Figure 6-47).
Autonomously the devices search for the fastest communication line. If that line is
faulty, the devices automatically switch onto the other line which will then be used until
the faster one is healthy again.
1 2
PI1 or PI2 PI1 or PI2
Index 1 Index 2
7SA522 7SA522
Figure 6-46 Distance protection for two ends with two 7SA522 devices, each of them
having one protection data interface (transmitter/ receiver)
1 2
PI1 PI1
Index 1 Index 2
7SA522 7SA522
PI2 PI2
Figure 6-47 Distance Protection for two ends with two 7SA522 devices, each of
them having two protection data interfaces (transmitter/ receive r)
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Using three ends, at least one 7SA522 device with two protection data interfaces is
required. Thus a communication chain or a communication ring can be formed. The
number of devices (address 180%(52)5(/$<) must correspond to the number
of ends of the protected object. Please observe that only current transformer sets that
limit the protected object are counted. The line in Figure 6-48, for instance, has three
ends and three devices. It is limited by three current transformer sets. For this
arrangement at least one 7SA522 with two protection data interfaces is required
(communication chain).
Figure 6-48 shows a communication chain with three devices.
The communication chain begins at protection data interface PI1 of device with index
1, continues in the device with index 2 at PI2, runs from device with index 2 from PI1
to the device with index 3 at PI1. The example shows that the indexing of the devices
must not necessarily have to correspond to the arrangement of the communication
chain. Which protection data interface is connected to which protection data interface
does not play a role.
1 3
7SA522 7SA522
Index 1 Index 3
PI1 PI1
PI1
7SA522
2 Index 2
PI2
Figure 6-48 Distance Protection for three ends with three 7SA522, chain topology
Communication The communication is enabled via direct optical fibre connections or communication
Media networks. Which kind of media is used, depends on the distance and on the
communication media available. For shorter distances a direct connection via optical
fibres having a transmission ratio of 512 kBit/s is possible. Otherwise we recommend
communication converters. A transmission via modem and communication networks
can also be realized. Please take into consideration that the responding times of the
protection data communication depend on the quality of transmission and that they are
prolonged in case of a reduced transmission quality and /or an increased operating
time.
Figure 6-49 shows some examples for communication connections. In case of a direct
connection the distance depends on the type of the optical fibre. Table 6-4 lists the
options available. Different types of modules can be installed in the device. For
ordering information see Appendix A, Subsection A.1, Accessories.
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Table 6-4 Communication via direct connection
Type of Type of Fibre type Optical Permissible Distance,
module connector wavelength path attanua- typical
tion
FO5 ST Multimode 820 nm 8 dB 1,5 km
62,5/125 µm
FO6 ST Multimode 820 nm 16 dB 3,5 km
62,5/125 µm
FO7 ST Monomode 1300 nm 7 dB 10 km
9/125 µm
FO8 FC Monomode 1300 nm 18 dB 35 km
9/125 µm
If a communication converter is used, the device and the communication converter are
linked with a FO5 module via optical fibres. The converter itself is equipped with
different interfaces for the connection to the communication network. For ordering
information see Appendix A, Subsection A.1.1, Accessories.
typical 1.5 km with typical 3.5 km with
62.5/125 µm Multimode fibre 62.5/125 µm Multimode fibrer
7SA522 7SA522 7SA522 7SA522
FO5 with FO6 with
ST-connector ST-connector
at both ends at both ends
typical 10 km with typical 35 km with
9/125 µm Monomode fibre 62.5/125 µm Monomode fibre
7SA522 7SA522 7SA522 7SA522
FO7 with FO7 with
ST-connector FC-connector
at both ends at both ends
Communication Communication
typical 1,5 km with Converter Converter typical 1.5 km with
62.5/125 µm Multimode fibre 62.5/125 µm Multimode fibre
7SA522
o Communication Network e 7SA522
e o
FO5 with FO5 with
ST-connector X21 or X21 or ST-connector
at both ends G703.1 G703.1 at both ends
Figure 6-49 Examples for communication connections
Note:
The redundancy of different communication connections (for ring topology) requires a
consequent separation of the devices connected to the communication network. Dif-
ferent lines should not be conducted via the same multiplex-card, as there are no oth-
er lines which could be used instead when the card failed.
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Disturbance and The communication is continuously monitored by the devices.
Transmission Fault
Single faulty data telegrams are not a direct risk if they occur only occasionally. They
are recognized and counted in the device which detects the disturbance and can be
read out as statistical information.
If several faulty or no data telegrams are received, this is regarded as a data
disturbance in the communication as soon as a time delay for data disturbance alarm
(default setting 100 ms, configurable) is exceeded. An alarm is output. When the
system offers no alternative way of communication (as for the ring topology), the
teleprotection scheme is disabled. As soon as the data transmission operates properly
again, the devices will automatically switch back to the teleprotection scheme.
Operating time jumps that, for example, can occur in case of switchings in the
communication network can be recognized and corrected by the device. After at least
2 seconds the operating times are measured again.
If the communication is interrupted for a permanent period (which is longer than a
settable time period), this can be regarded as a transmission failure. A corresponding
alarm is output. Otherwise the same reactions apply as for the data disturbance.
6.4.2 Setting Function Parameters
General The protection data interfaces connect the devices with the communication media.
Information on The communication is permanently monitored by the devices. Address 7'$7$
Protection Data ',6785% defines after which delay time the user is informed about a faulty or missing
Interfaces telegram. Address 7'$7$)$,/ is used to set the time after which a
transmission failure alarm is output.
Protection Data The protection data interface 1 can be switched RQ or RIIwith address 67$7(
Interface 1 3527,. If it is switched RII, this can be regarded as a transmission failure. In case
of a ring topology the transmission of data can continue their operation, but not in case
of a chain topology.
Address &211(&29(5to set the transmission media that you want to
connect to protection data interface PROT I 1. The following media are possible
)RSWLFGLUHFW, i.e. communication directly by fibre-optic cable, communication
with 512 kBit/s,
&RPFRQYN%, i.e. via communication converters with 64 kBit/s (G703, 1 or X21)
&RPFRQYN%, i.e. via communication converters 128 kBit/s (X21)
&RPFRQYN%, i.e. via communication converters 512 kBit/s (X21).
The options for the different device versions may vary. The data must be identical at
both ends of a communication route.
The setting depends on the features of the communication media. As a general rule,
it can be said that the higher the transmission rate, the shorter the response time of
the teleprotection scheme.
The devices measure and monitor the transmission times. Deviations are corrected,
as long as they are within the permissible range. These permissible ranges are set
under addresses 4505A and 4506A and can normally be left at their default setting.
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The maximum permissible delay time (address 4505A 35277'(/$<) is set to a
value that does not exceed the usual value of communication media. This parameter
can only be changed with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings“. If it is exceeded (e.g.
when a different way of transmission is used), the message “3,77DODUP” is
issued.
Protection Data If protection data interface 2 exists and is used, the same possibilities apply as for
Interface 2 protection data interface 1. The corresponding parameters are set with addresses
67$7(3527, (2Q or 2II), &211(&29(5 and 4605A 3527
7'(/$< here again, the last one can again only be set with DIGSI® 4 under
”Additional Settings“.
Communication First of all, define your communication topology: number the devices consecutively.
Topology This numbering is a serial device index that serves for your own overview. It starts for
each Distance Protection system (i.e. for each protected object) with 1. For the
Distance Protection system the device with index 1 is always the absolute-chronology
master, i.e. the absolute time management of all devices which belong together
depends on the absolute time management of this device. As a result the time
information of all devices is comparable at all times. The device index is to exactly
determine the devices of the Distance Protection (i.e. for a protective relay).
An ID number is also to be given to each single device (device-ID). The device-ID is
used by the communication system to identify each individual device. It must be
between 1 and 65534 and must be unique within the communication system. The ID
number identifies the devices in the communication system since the exchange of
information between several Distance Protection systems (thus also for several
protective relay) can be executed via the same communication system.
Please make sure that the possible communications links and the existing interfaces
are in accordance with each other. If all devices are not equipped with two protection
data interfaces, those with only one protection data interface must be located at the
ends of the communication chain. In Figure 6-49 these are the devices with index 1
and 3. In this situation, a ring topology is possible, if all devices of a Distance
Protection system provide two protection data interfaces.
If you work with different physical interfaces and communications links, please make
sure that every protection data interface corresponds to the projected communication
link.
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Figure 6-50 Distance Protection topology for 2 ends with 2 devices - example
For a protected object with two ends (e.g. a line) the addresses
,'2)5(/$<and ,'2)5(/$< are set, e.g. for device 1 the
device-ID and for device 2 the device-ID (Figure 6-50, compare also with Figure
6-46 and 6-48). The indices of the devices and the device-IDs do not have to match,
as mentioned above.
For a protected object with more than two ends (and corresponding devices), further
ends are allocated to their device IDs with the parameter addresses ,'2)
5(/$< . A maximum of 3 line ends is possible with 3 devices. Figure 6-51 gives an
example with 3 relays (compare also Figure 6-48 and 6-49) . During the configuration
of the protection functions (Section 5.1) the number of devices required for the
relevant case of application was set in address 180%(52)5(/$<. Device IDs
can be entered for as many devices as were configured under that address after that
no further IDs are offered during configuration.
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Figure 6-51 Distance Protection topology for 3 ends with 3 devices - example
In address /2&$/5(/$<you finally indicate the actual local device. Enter the
index for each device (according to the consecutive numbering used). Each index
from 1 to the entire number of devices must be used once, but may not be used twice.
Make sure that the parameters of the Distance Protection topology for the Distance
Protection system are conclusive:
• Each device index can only be used once;
• Each device index must be allocated unambiguously to a device ID;
• Each device-index must be the index of a local device once;
• The device with index 1 is the source for the absolute time management (absolute
time master).
During startup of the protection system, the above listed conditions are checked. If one
out of these conditions is not fulfilled, none of the protection data communication
functions will be available. However, the other functions of the 7SA522, especially the
Distance Protection function, continue being enabled. The device signals "'7
LQFRQVLVWHQW“ (”Device table inconsistent“).
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6.4.3 Settings
Protection Data Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
Interfaces in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
4509 T-DATA DISTURB 0.05..2.00 sec 0.10 sec Time delay for data disturbance
alarm
4510 T-DATAFAIL 0.0..60.0 sec 6.0 sec Time del for transmission failure
alarm
4511 Td ResetRemote 0.00..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec Remote signal RESET DELAY
for comm.fail
4501 STATE PROT I 1 ON ON State of protection interface 1
OFF
4502 CONNEC. 1 OVER Direct connection with fibre Direct connection Connection 1 over
optic cabel with fibre optic
Communication converter cabel
with 64 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 128 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 512 kBit/s
4505A PROT 1 T-DELAY 0.1..30.0 ms 30.0 ms Prot 1: Maximal permissible
delay time
4601 STATE PROT I 2 ON ON State of protection interface 2
OFF
4602 CONNEC. 2 OVER Direct connection with fibre Direct connection Connection 2 over
optic cabel with fibre optic
Communication converter cabel
with 64 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 128 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 512 kBit/s
4605A PROT 2 T-DELAY 0.1..30.0 ms 30.0 ms Prot 2: Maximal permissible
delay time
Topological Data
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
4701 ID OF RELAY 1 1..65534 1 Identification number of relay 1
4702 ID OF RELAY 2 1..65534 2 Identification number of relay 2
4703 ID OF RELAY 3 1..65534 3 Identification number of relay 3
4710 LOCAL RELAY relay 1 relay 1 Local relay is
relay 2
relay 3
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6.4.4 Information Overview
Protection Data
Interfaces
F.No. Alarm Comments
3227 >PI1 light off >Prot Int 1: Transmitter is switched off
3196 local Teststate Local relay in Teststate
3215 Wrong Firmware Incompatible Firmware Versions
3217 PI1 Data reflec Prot Int 1: Own Datas received
3229 PI1 Data fault Prot Int 1: Reception of faulty datas
3230 PI1 Datafailure Prot Int 1: Total receiption failure
3233 DT inconsistent Device table has inconsistent numbers
3234 DT unequal Device tables are unequal
3235 Par. different Differences between common parameters
3236 PI1<->PI2 error Different PI for transmit and reveive
3239 PI1 TT alarm Prot Int 1: Transmission time to high
3243 PI1 with Prot Int 1: Connected with relay ID
3228 >PI2 light off >Prot Int 2: Transmitter is switched off
3218 PI2 Data reflec Prot Int 2: Own Datas received
3231 PI2 Data fault Prot Int 2: Reception of faulty datas
3232 PI2 Datafailure Prot Int 2: Total receiption failure
3240 PI2 TT alarm Prot Int 2: Transmission time to high
3244 PI2 with Prot Int 2: Connected with relay ID
Topological Data
F.No. Alarm Comments
3457 Ringtopology System operates in a closed Ringtopology
3458 Chaintopology System operates in a open Chaintopology
3464 Topol complete Communication topology is complete
3487 Equal IDs Equal IDs in constellation
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6.5 Transmission of Binary Information (optional)
7SA522 allows the transmission of up to 28 items of binary information of any type
from one device to the other via the communications links provided for protection
tasks. Four of them are transmitted with high priority like protection signals, i.e. very
fast, and are therefore especially suitable for the transmission of external protection
signals which are generated outside of 7SA522. The other 24 are transmitted in the
background and are therefore suitable for any information that does not depend on
high-speed transmission, such as information on the events taking place in a station
which may also be useful in other stations as well. See for Technical Data in Section
10.18.
The information is injected into the device via binary inputs and can be output at the
other ends again via binary outputs. The integrated user-defined CFC logic allows to
perform on both the transmitting and the receiving side logical operations on the
signals and on other information from the device’s protection and monitoring functions.
Like the signal outputs, the binary inputs to be used must be allocated appropriately
during the routing of the input and output functions (see Section 5.2). The four high-
priority signals, arrive at the device via the binary inputs "!5HPRWH7ULS“ to
“!5HPRWH7ULS“, transmitted to the devices at the other ends and can be re-
transmitted or processed at the receiving side with the output functions
"5HPRWH7ULSUHF“ to ”5HPRWH7ULSUHF“.
If the remote signals are to be used for direct remote tripping, they must be allocated
at the send side via CFC with the function that is to perform the transfer trip at the
opposite side, and at the receiving side, also via CFC, with the „!([W75,3“
input signals.
The other 24 items of information reach the device via the binary inputs "!5HP
6LJQDO“ to ”!5HP6LJQDO“ and are available under "5HP6LJUHFY“ at the
receiving side.
For the transmission of binary information no settings are required. Each device sends
the injected information to all other devices at the ends of the protected object. Where
selection is necessary, it will have to be carried out by appropriate allocation and, if
necessary, by a link at the receiving side.
6.5.1 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
3541 >Remote Trip1 >Remote Trip 1 signal input
3542 >Remote Trip2 >Remote Trip 2 signal input
3543 >Remote Trip3 >Remote Trip 3 signal input
3544 >Remote Trip4 >Remote Trip 4 signal input
3545 RemoteTrip1 rec Remote Trip 1 received
3546 RemoteTrip2 rec Remote Trip 2 received
3547 RemoteTrip3 rec Remote Trip 3 received
3548 RemoteTrip4 rec Remote Trip 4 received
3549 >Rem. Signal 1 >Remote Signal 1 input
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F.No. Alarm Comments
3550 >Rem.Signal 2 >Remote Signal 2 input
3551 >Rem.Signal 3 >Remote Signal 3 input
3552 >Rem.Signal 4 >Remote Signal 4 input
3553 >Rem.Signal 5 >Remote Signal 5 input
3554 >Rem.Signal 6 >Remote Signal 6 input
3555 >Rem.Signal 7 >Remote Signal 7 input
3556 >Rem.Signal 8 >Remote Signal 8 input
3557 >Rem.Signal 9 >Remote Signal 9 input
3558 >Rem.Signal10 >Remote Signal 10 input
3559 >Rem.Signal11 >Remote Signal 11 input
3560 >Rem.Signal12 >Remote Signal 12 input
3561 >Rem.Signal13 >Remote Signal 13 input
3562 >Rem.Signal14 >Remote Signal 14 input
3563 >Rem.Signal15 >Remote Signal 15 input
3564 >Rem.Signal16 >Remote Signal 16 input
3565 >Rem.Signal17 >Remote Signal 17 input
3566 >Rem.Signal18 >Remote Signal 18 input
3567 >Rem.Signal19 >Remote Signal 19 input
3568 >Rem.Signal20 >Remote Signal 20 input
3569 >Rem.Signal21 >Remote Signal 21 input
3570 >Rem.Signal22 >Remote Signal 22 input
3571 >Rem.Signal23 >Remote Signal 23 input
3572 >Rem.Signal24 >Remote Signal 24 input
3573 Rem.Sig 1recv Remote signal 1 received
3574 Rem.Sig 2recv Remote signal 2 received
3575 Rem.Sig 3recv Remote signal 3 received
3576 Rem.Sig 4recv Remote signal 4 received
3577 Rem.Sig 5recv Remote signal 5 received
3578 Rem.Sig 6recv Remote signal 6 received
3579 Rem.Sig 7recv Remote signal 7 received
3580 Rem.Sig 8recv Remote signal 8 received
3581 Rem.Sig 9recv Remote signal 9 received
3582 Rem.Sig10recv Remote signal 10 received
3583 Rem.Sig11recv Remote signal 11 received
3584 Rem.Sig12recv Remote signal 12 received
3585 Rem.Sig13recv Remote signal 13 received
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F.No. Alarm Comments
3586 Rem.Sig14recv Remote signal 14 received
3587 Rem.Sig15recv Remote signal 15 received
3588 Rem.Sig16recv Remote signal 16 received
3589 Rem.Sig17recv Remote signal 17 received
3590 Rem.Sig18recv Remote signal 18 received
3591 Rem.Sig19recv Remote signal 19 received
3592 Rem.Sig20recv Remote signal 20 received
3593 Rem.Sig21recv Remote signal 21 received
3594 Rem.Sig22recv Remote signal 22 received
3595 Rem.Sig23recv Remote signal 23 received
3596 Rem.Sig24recv Remote signal 24 received
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6.6 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes
Purpose of Signal Faults which occur on the protected line, beyond the first distance zone, can only be
Transmission cleared selectively by the distance protection after a delay time. On line sections that
are shorter than the smallest sensible distance setting, faults can also not be
selectively cleared instantaneously.
To achieve non-delayed and selective tripping on 100 % of the line length for all faults
by the Distance Protection, the Distance Protection can exchange and process
information with the opposite line end by means of signal transmission systems. For
this purpose, the device has signal send outputs and receive inputs as well as
associated logic functions. This can be done in a conventional way using send and
receive contacts. As an alternative, digital communication lines can be used for signal
transmission (ordering option).
Teleprotection A distinction is made between underreach and overreach schemes.
Methods
In underreach schemes, the protection is set with a normal grading characteristic. If a
trip command is output in zone 1, a signal is transmitted to the opposite line end,
where the signal received initiates a trip, either by activating the overreaching zone
Z1B or by a direct trip command. The 7SA522 permits:
• Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B (PUTT),
• Direct (underreach) Transfer Trip
In overreach schemes, the protection works from the start with a fast overreaching
zone. This zone, however, can only cause a trip if the opposite end also detects a fault
in the overreaching zone. A release signal or a blocking signal can be transmitted.
Possible schemes are
Release schemes:
• Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B).
• Unblocking with overreaching zone Z1B.
Blocking schemes:
• Unblocking with overreaching zone Z1B.
As the distance zones Z1 ... Z5 (without Z1B) function independently, an
instantaneous trip in Z1 without a release signal is always possible. If fast tripping in
Z1 is not required (e.g. on very short lines), then Z1 must be delayed with T1.
Signal For signal transmission, at least one communication channel in each direction is
Transmission required. For example, fibre optic connections or voice frequency modulated high
Channels frequency channels via pilot cables, power line carrier or microwave radio links can be
used for this purpose.
If the device is equipped with an optional protection data interface, digital
communication channels can be used for signal transfer; these include: Fibre optic
cables, communication networks or pilot wires. The following signal transmission
schemes are suited for these kinds of transmission:
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B (PUTT),
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B).
7SA522 also makes provision for the transmission of phase segregated signals.This
presents the advantage that dependable single-pole automatic reclosure can be
7SA522 Manual 6-89
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carried out even when two single-phase faults occur on different lines in the system.
Where the digital protection data interface is used, the signal transmission is always
phase segregated.
The signal transmission schemes are also suited to three terminal lines (teed feeders).
In this case, a signal is transmitted from each of the three ends to each of the others
in both directions. Phase segregated transmission is only possible for three terminal
line applications if digital communication channels are used.
During disturbances in the transmission path, the teleprotection supplement may be
blocked without affecting the normal time graded distance protection. The measuring
reach control (enable zone Z1B) can be obtained via the binary input „>Enable
ARzones“ (see also Figure 6-39 below) from an external reclosure device or from the
internal automatic reclose function. With conventional signal transmission schemes,
the disturbance is signalled by a binary input, with digital communication it is detected
automatically by the protection device.
6.6.1 Method of Operation
Switching The teleprotection function can be switched on and off by means of the parameter
On and Off )&77HOHS'LV, or via the system interface (if available) and via binary input
(if this is allocated). The switched state is saved internally (refer to Figure 6-52) and
secured against loss of auxiliary supply. It is only possible to switch on from the source
where previously it had been switched off from. To be active, it is necessary that the
function is switched on from all three switching sources.
)&77HOHS'LV
ON
„1“
OFF
>Dis.Telep.OFF S ≥1
Dis Telep. off
>Dis.Telep. ON R
System port: Dis.Telep.OFF S
System port: Dis.Telep.ON R
Figure 6-52 Switching on and off of the teleprotection
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6.6.1.1 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B (PUTT)
The following procedure is suited for both conventional and digital transmission media.
Principle Figure 6-53 shows the operation scheme for this permissive underreach transfer trip
scheme. In the case of a fault inside zone Z1, the transfer trip signal is sent to the
opposite line end. The signal received there causes tripping if the fault is detected
inside the zone Z1B in the set direction. The transmitted signal may be prolonged by
TS (settable in address $ 6HQG3URORQJ), to compensate for possible
differences in the pick-up times at the two line ends. The distance protection is set
such that the first zone reaches up to approximately 80 % of the line length, the
overreaching zone however is set to reach beyond the opposite substation
(approximately 120 % of the line length). In the case of three terminal lines, Z1 is also
set to approximately 80 % of the shortest line section but at least beyond the tee off
point. Z1B must securely reach beyond the longer line section, even when additional
infeed is possible via the tee point. For this procedure, transmission via a protection
data interface (if provided) is offered.
In protective relays equipped with a protection data interface, address 121
7HOHSURW'LVW allows to set 3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH . At address 2101 )&7
7HOHS'LV 3877 can be set.
A Z1(A) B Z1B(A)
Z1B(B) Z1(B)
TS TS
Z1 transm. transm. Z1
(A) (B)
T1 T1
T1B T1B
Z1B Z1B
(A) & ≥1 trip trip ≥1 & (B)
further further
zones rec.. rec.. zones
Figure 6-53 Operation scheme of the permissive underreach transfer trip method via Z1B
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Sequence Figure 6-54 shows the logic diagram of the permissive underreach transfer trip
scheme for one line end.
FNo. 4052
Distance Teleprotection >Dis.Telep.OFF
FNo 4003 ≥1
>Dis.Telep. Blk
Teleprot. Dist.
Protection Data
PUTT Interface
„0”
from FNo. 3464 POTT over PI
PI Topol.complet
FNo. 4055
FNo. 4005 ≥1
Dis.T.Carr.Fail
Dis.T.Carr.Fail
6HQG3URORQJ
Dis. forward
0 T FNo. 4057
& & Dis. T. SEND L1
Dis PU Z1 L1
FNo. 4058
0 T
& & Dis. T. SEND L2
Dis PU Z1 L2
0 T FNo. 4059
& & Dis. T. SEND L3
Dis PU Z1 L3
FNo. 4056
& 0 T & Dis. T. SEND
Dis PU Z1 Weak Infeed
Tripping
7\SHRI/LQH
refer Fig. 6-84
7ZR7HUPLQDOV
FNo. 4006 „1“ 7KUHH7HUPLQDOV
>DisTel Rec.Ch1
7ZR7HUP ≥1 & Teleprot. Dist.
FNo. 4010
>Dis.T.Rec.Ch2 7KUHH7HUP ≥1
PUTT
FNo. 4007 & ≥1
>Dis.T.RecCh1L1 POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L1
≥1 PUTT
FNo. 4008 &
>Dis.T.RecCh1L2 POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L2
PUTT
& ≥1
FNo. 4009
POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L3
>Dis.T.RecCh1L3
FNo. 4088
Dis.T.RecL1Dev2
& ≥1
FNo. 4089
Dis.T.RecL2Dev2
From Protection Interface
& ≥1
FNo. 4090
Dis.T.RecL3Dev2 & ≥1
FNo. 4091
Dis.T.RecL1Dev3 &
FNo. 4092
Dis.T.RecL2Dev3 &
FNo. 4093
Dis.T.RecL3Dev3
&
Figure 6-54 Logic diagram of the permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT) scheme using
Z1B (one line end)
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The permissive transfer trip only functions for faults in the forward direction.
Accordingly, the first zone Z1 and the overreaching zone Z1B of the distance
protection must definitely be set to )RUZDUG: For distance protection with polygonal
tripping characteristic in address 2SPRGH= and 2SPRGH=%,
refer also to Sub-section 6.2.3.2 under the margin heading “Independent Zones Z1 up
to Z5” and “Controlled Zone Z1B”; for distance protection with MHO circles under
address 2SPRGH= and 2SPRGH=%, refer also to section 6.2.4.2
under margin heading “Independent Zones Z1 up to Z5” and “Controlled Zone Z1B”.
On two terminal lines, the signal transmission may be done phase segregated. On
three terminal lines, the transmit signal is sent to both opposite line ends. The receive
signals are then combined with an OR logic function. By means of the parameter /LQH
&RQILJ (address ) the device is informed whether it has one or two opposite
ends. If digital protection transmission is applied and the protection data interface is
used, signals will always be transmitted phase-selectively.
During disturbance of the signal transmission path, the overreaching zone Z1B may
be activated by an automatic reclosure via the binary input “!(QDEOH$5]RQHV” and
setting 1357 “VW$5!=%” set to “Yes” (refer also to Figure 6-39 bottom).
If at one line end there is weak or zero infeed, so that the distance protection does not
pick up, the circuit breaker can still be tripped. This “weak-infeed tripping” is referred
to in Section 6.9.
6.6.1.2 Direct Underreach Transfer Trip
The following scheme is suited for conventional transmission media.
Principle As is the case with permissive transfer trip via zone acceleration, a fault in the first
zone Z1 is transmitted to the opposite line end by means of a transfer trip signal. The
signal received there causes a trip without further queries after a short security margin
Tv (settable under address 7ULS7LPH'(/$<) (Figure 6-55). The transmit
signal can be prolonged by TS (settable under address $ 6HQG3URORQJ), to
compensate for possible differences in the pick-up time at the two line ends. The
distance protection is set such that the first zone reaches up to approximately 80 % of
the line length. On three terminal lines Z1 is also set to approximately 80 % of the
shorter line section, but at least beyond the tee off point. The overreaching zone Z1B
is not required here. It may however be activated by internal automatic reclosure or
external criteria via the binary input “!(QDEOH$5]RQHV” (refer also to Figure 6-39
bottom).
The advantage compared to the permissive underreach transfer trip with zone
acceleration lies in the fact that both line ends are tripped without the necessity for any
further measures, even if one line end has no infeed. There is however no further
supervision of the trip signal at the receiving end.
The direct underreach transfer trip application is not provided by its own selectable
teleprotection scheme setting, but implemented by setting the teleprotection
supplement to operate in the permissive underreach transfer trip scheme (address
7HOHSURW'LVW = 3877), and using the binary inputs for direct external trip
at the receiving end. Correspondingly, the transmit circuit in Sub-section 6.6.1.1
(Figure 6-54) applies. For the receive circuit the logic of the “external trip” as described
in Section 6.10 applies.
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On two terminal lines, the transmission can be phase segregated. On three terminal
lines the transmit signal is sent to both opposite line ends. The receive signals are then
combined with a logical OR function.
A Z1(A) B
Z1(B)
TS TS
Z1 Z1
Trans. Trans.
(A) (B)
T1 T1
Tv Tv
≥1 Trip Trip ≥1
further further
Zones Zones
Rec. Rec.
Figure 6-55 Operation scheme of the direct underreach transfer trip method
6.6.1.3 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT)
The following procedure is suited for both conventional and digital transmission media.
Principle The permissive overreach transfer mode uses a permissive release principle. The
overreaching zone Z1B set beyond the opposite station is decisive. This mode can
also be used on extremely short lines where a setting of 85 % of line length for zone
Z1 is not possible and accordingly selective non-delayed tripping could not be
achieved. In this case however zone Z1 must be delayed by T1, to avoid non selective
tripping by zone Z1.
Figure 6-56 shows the operation scheme.
If the distance protection recognizes a fault inside the overreaching zone Z1B, it
initially sends a release signal to the opposite line end. If a release signal from the
opposite line end is received, a trip signal is initiated via the tripping relay. A
prerequisite for fast tripping is therefore that the fault is recognized inside Z1B in the
forward direction at both line ends. The distance protection is set such that the
overreaching zone Z1B reaches beyond the opposite station (approximately 120% of
line length). On three terminal lines, Z1B must be set to reliably reach beyond the
longer line section even with intermediate infeed via the tee point. The first zone is set
in accordance with the normal time grading, i.e. approximately 85 % of the line length,
on three terminal lines, at least beyond the tee point.
The transmit signal can be prolonged by TS (settable under address $ 6HQG
3URORQJ). This extension of the transmit signal is only active when the protection
has already issued a trip command. This ensures the release of the opposite line end,
even when the short-circuit has been locally cleared very fast by the independent zone
Z1.
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For all zones, except for Z1B, the tripping takes place without a release signal from
the opposite line end. This allows the protection to operate with the normal grading
characteristic independent of the signal transmission.
For this procedure, transmission via a protection data interface (if provided) is offered.
In protective relays equipped with a protection data interface, address 121
7HOHSURW'LVW allows to set3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH . At address 2101 )&7
7HOHS'LV 3277 can be set.
A Z1(A) B Z1B(A)
Z1B(B) Z1(B)
Z1B Z1B
T1B T1B
TS ≥1 transmit transmit ≥1 TS
(A) & & (B)
& &
≥1 trip trip ≥1
Z1 or Z1 or
further further
zones receive. receive. zones
Figure 6-56 Operation scheme of the permissive overreach transfer trip method
Sequence Figure 6-57 shows the logic diagram of the signal comparison scheme for one line
end.
The permissive overreach transfer trip only functions for faults in the forward direction.
Accordingly, the overreaching zone Z1B of the distance protection must definitely be
set to )RUZDUG: In the case of distance protection with polygonal characteristic, in
address 2SPRGH=, refer also to Sub-section 6.2.3.2 under margin heading
“Controlled Zone Z1B”; In the case of distance protection with MHO characteristic, in
address 2SPRGH=%, refer also to Sub-section 6.2.4.2 under margin
heading “Controlled Zone Z1B”.
On two terminal lines, the signal transmission may be phase segregated. Send and
receive circuits in this case are built up for each phase. On three terminal lines the
send signal is transmitted to both opposite ends. The receive signals are then
combined with the logical AND function, as all three line ends must transmit during an
internal fault. Via the setting /LQH&RQILJ (address ) the device is informed
as to whether it has one or two opposite line ends. In protective relays equipped with
one or two protection data interfaces, signal transmission is always phase segregated.
In the case of faults in the transmission path, the overreaching zone Z1B can be
activated by an automatic reclose device, via the binary input “!(QDEOH$5]RQHV”
and setting 1357 “1st AR -> Z1B” set to “Yes” (refer to Figure 6-39 bottom).
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking” (refer to Sub-section 6.6.1.6).
On feeders with single-sided infeed, the line end with no infeed cannot generate a
release signal, as no fault detection occurs there. To achieve tripping by the
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permissive overreach transfer scheme even in this case, the device contains a special
function. This “Weak Infeed Function” (echo function) is referred to in Sub-section
6.6.1.7. It is activated when a signal is received from the opposite line end — in the
case of three terminal lines from at least one of the opposite line ends — without the
device having detected a fault.
The circuit breaker can also be tripped at the line end that has only weak or no infeed.
This “Weak-Infeed Tripping” is referred to in Section 6.9.
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FNo 4052
Distance Teleprotection Dis Telep. OFF
FNo 4003 ≥1
>Dis Telep. Blk
Teleprot. Protection Data
Interface
„0” POTT
from PI
FNo 3464
POTT over PI
Topol complete
FNo 4055
FNo 4005 ≥1
Dis RecFail
>Dis T.Carr.Fail
FNo 4068 &
Dis.T.Trans.Blk
6HQG3URORQJ
Relay TRIP FNo 4057
Dis PU forward & 0 T ≥1 & Dis T.SEND L1
&
Dis PU Z1B L1
FNo 4058
0 T ≥1 & Dis T.SEND L2
&
&
Dis PU Z1B L2
FNo 4059
0 T &
& ≥1 Dis T.SEND L3
&
Dis PU Z1B L3
FNo 4056
& 0 T ≥1 & Dis T.SEND
&
Dis PU Z1B
7\SHRI/LQH Echo function
& with weak
7ZR7HUPLQDOV ≥1 infeed
FNo 4006 „1“ 7KUHH7HUPLQDOV
>DisTel Rec.Ch1
&
FNo 4010 7ZR7HUP & Teleprot.
>Dis.T.Rec.Ch2 7KUHH7HUP
„1“ POTT
FNo 4007 & ≥1
>Dis.T.RecCh1L1 POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L1
≥1 POTT
FNo 4008 &
>Dis.T.RecCh1L2 POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L2
≥1 POTT
FNo 4009 &
POTT over PI Dis Rel Z1B L3
>Dis.T.RecCh1L3
FNo 4088 ≥1
Dis T.Rec L1Dev2
≥1 &
FNo 4089
Dis T.Rec L2Dev2
≥1 & Weak Infeed
Tripping
FNo 4090
from Protection Interface
refer to Fig.6-84
Dis T.Rec L3Dev2 ≥1 &
FNo 4091
Dis T.Rec L1Dev3 ≥1
FNo 4092
Dis T.Rec L2Dev3
≥1
FNo 4093
Dis T.Rec L3Dev3
≥1
FNo 4248
Echo Rec. Dev2
FNo 4249
Echo Rec. Dev3
Figure 6-57 Logic diagram of the permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT) scheme (one line end)
7SA522 Manual 6-97
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6.6.1.4 Unblocking with Z1B
The following scheme is suited for conventional transmission media.
Principle The unblocking method uses a permissive release principle. It differs from the
permissive overreach transfer scheme (Sub-section 6.6.1.3) in that tripping is possible
also when no release signal is received from the opposite line end. It is accordingly
mainly used on long lines, if the signal is transmitted via the protected line with power
line carrier (PLC), and the attenuation of the transmitted signals at the fault location
can be so severe that the reception at the other line end cannot be guaranteed in all
cases. Here, a special unblocking logic takes effect.
Figure 6-58 shows the operation scheme.
Two signal frequencies which are keyed by the transmit output of the 7SA522 are
required for the transmission. If the transmission device has a channel monitoring,
then the monitoring frequency f0 is keyed over to the working frequency fU (unblocking
frequency) fU. When the protection recognizes a fault inside the overreaching zone
Z1B, it initiates the transmission of the unblock frequency fU. During the quiescent
state or during a fault outside Z1B, or in the reverse direction, the monitoring frequency
f0 is transmitted.
If the unblock frequency fU is faultlessly received from the opposite end, a release
signal is routed to the trip logic. Accordingly, it is a prerequisite for fast tripping, that
the fault is recognized inside Z1B in the forward direction at both line ends. The
distance protection is set such that the overreaching zone Z1B reaches beyond the
opposite station (approximately 120 % of line length). On three terminal lines Z1B
must be set to definitely reach beyond the longer line section even when intermediate
infeed via the tee point is present. The first zone is set in accordance with the usual
grading scheme, i.e. approximately 80 % of the line length; on three terminal lines at
least beyond the tee point.
The transmit signal can be prolonged by T S (settable under address $ 6HQG
3URORQJ). The extension of the transmit signal is only effective when the protection
has already issued a trip command. This ensures release of the opposite line end even
when the short circuit has been switched off rapidly by the independent zone Z1.
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A Z1(A) B Z1B(A)
Z1B(B) Z1(B)
Z1B Z1B
fU fU
T1B T1B
TS ≥1 transm. f f0 transm.
≥1 TS
(A) & 0 & (B)
& &
≥1 trip trip ≥1
Z1 or Z1 or
further further
zones U U zones
Unblock- Unblock-
B rec. rec. B
logic logic
f0 – Off frequency (monitoring frequency) U – Unblocking signal
fU – Unblock frequency (send frequency) B – Blocking signal
Figure 6-58 Operation scheme of the unblocking method with Z1B
For all zones except Z1B, tripping results without release from the opposite line end,
allowing the protection to function with the usual grading characteristic independent of
the signal transmission.
Sequence Figure 6-59 shows the logic diagram of the unblock scheme for one line end.
The unblock scheme only functions for faults in the forward direction. Accordingly, the
overreaching zone Z1B of the distance protection must definitely be set to )RUZDUG:
In the case of distance protection with polygonal characteristic, in address 2S
PRGH=%, refer also to section 6.2.3.2 under margin heading “Controlled Zone Z1B”;
In the case of distance protection with MHO characteristic, in address 2S
PRGH=%, refer also to section 6.2.4.2 under margin heading “Controlled Zone Z1B”.
On two terminal lines, the signal transmission may be phase segregated. Send and
receive circuits in this case are built up for each phase. On three terminal lines the
send signal is transmitted to both opposite ends. The receive signals are then
combined with the logical AND function, as all three line ends must transmit during an
internal fault. Via the setting /LQH&RQILJ (address ) the device is informed
as to whether it has one or two opposite line ends.
An unblock logic is inserted before the receive logic, which latter in essence
corresponds to that of the permissive overreach transfer scheme. The unblock logic is
shown in Figure 6-60. If an interference free unblock signal is received, a receive
signal e.g. “!'LV78%XE”, appears and the blocking signal e.g. “!'LV78%EO
” disappears. The internal signal “Unblock 1” is passed on to the receive logic, where
it initiates the release of the overreaching zone Z1B of the distance protection (when
all remaining conditions have been fulfilled).
If the transmitted signal is not received at the other line end because the short-circuit
on the line causes too severe an attenuation or reflection of the signal, neither the
unblock signal e.g. “!'LV78%XE”, nor the block signal “!'LV78%EO” is
received at the receiving end. In this case, the release ““>Unblock 1” is issued after a
security delay time of 20 ms and passed onto the receive logic. This release is
however removed after a further 100 ms via the timer stage 100/100 ms. When the
transmission is functional again, one of the two receive signals must appear again,
7SA522 Manual 6-99
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either “!'LV78%XE”or “!'LV78%EO”; after a further 100 ms (drop-off
delay of the timer stage 100/100 ms) the quiescent state is reached again i.e. the
direct release path to the signal “Unblock L1” and thereby the usual release is
possible.
If none of the signals is received for a period of more than 10 s the alarm (address
2107) “'LV7&DUU)DLO” (F.No. 4055) is generated.
In the case of faults in the transmission path, the overreaching zone Z1B can be
activated by an automatic reclose device, via the binary input “!(QDEOH$5]RQHV”
and setting 1357 “VW$5!=%” set to “Yes” (refer to Figure 6-39 bottom).
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking” (refer to Sub-section 6.6.1.6).
On feeders with single-sided infeed, the line end with no infeed cannot generate a
release signal, as no fault detection occurs there. To achieve tripping by the
permissive overreach transfer scheme even in this case, the device contains a special
function. This “Weak Infeed Function” (echo function) is referred to in Sub-section
6.6.1.7. It is activated when a signal is received from the opposite line end — in the
case of three terminal lines from at least one of the opposite line ends — without the
device having detected a fault.
The circuit breaker can also be tripped at the line end that has only weak or no infeed.
This “Weak-Infeed Tripping” is referred to in Section 6.9.
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4052 Dis.Telep.OFF
Dis Telep. off ≥1
4003 >Dis.Telep. Blk
&
Transient blocking
(section 6.6.1.6)
Trip command 6HQG3URORQJ
& 0 T
Dis. forward ≥1 &
4057 Dis.T.SEND L1
&
Dis Z1B L1
& 0 T
&
≥1 4058 Dis.T.SEND L2
&
Dis Z1B L2
& 0 T
&
≥1 4059 Dis.T.SEND L3
&
Dis Z1B L3
& 0 T
& 4056 Dis.T.SEND
≥1
&
Dis Z1B
2108 79
T 0
Dis. PICKUP
/LQH&RQILJ
from unblock logic Figure 6-60
Two terminals
„1“ Three terminals
Unblock 1
Two terminals Echo function
Unblock 2 & section 6.6.1.7
Three terminals ≥1 Weak infeed trip
section 6.7
&
≥1
≥1
& ≥1 Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L1
from unblock logic Figure 6-60
Unblock L1
≥1 Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L2
&
Unblock L2
≥1 Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L3
&
Unblock L3
Figure 6-59 Logic diagram of the unblock scheme with Z1B (one line end)
7SA522 Manual 6-101
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4032 >Dis.T.UB ub1L1
&
≥1
& Unblock L1
20 0 100 100
&
ms ms
10 0
s
4033 >Dis.T.UB ub1L2
&
≥1
& Unblock L2
to receive circuit Figure 6-59
20 0 100 100
&
ms ms
10 0
s
4034 >Dis.T.UB ub1L3
&
≥1
& Unblock L3
20 0 100 100
&
ms ms
10 0
s
4030 >Dis.T.UB ub 1
&
≥1
& Unblock 1
20 0 100 100
&
4031 >Dis.T.UB bl 1 ms ms
≥1 4080 Dis.T.UBFail1
10 0
to receive circuit Figure 6-59
s
4035 >Dis.T.UB ub 2
&
≥1
& Unblock 2
20 0 100 100
&
4036 >Dis.T.UB bl 2 ms ms
10 0
s
4081 Dis.T.UBFail2
Figure 6-60 Unblock–logic
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6.6.1.5 Blocking scheme
The following scheme is suited for conventional transmission media.
Principle The blocking scheme uses the transmission channel to send a block signal from one
line end to the other. The signal may be sent directly after fault inception (jump
detector), and stopped immediately, as soon as the distance protection detects a fault
in the forward direction, alternatively the signal is only sent when the distance
protection detects the fault in the reverse direction. The signal will be maintained if the
fault is in reverse direction. If the signal is sent with jump detection (i.e.
'LV-XPS%ORFNLQJ routed in parallel with - ) only a short delay to allow
for signal transmission is required before Z1b trips. A trip can be achieved with this
scheme even if no signal reaches the opposite end. It is therefore mainly used on long
lines, when the signal must be transmitted via the protected line with power line carrier
(PLC), and the attenuation of the transmitted signal could be so severe at the fault
location, that reception at the other line end cannot necessarily be guaranteed.
Figure 6-61 shows the operation scheme.
Faults inside the overreaching zone Z1B, which is set to approximately 120% of the
line length, will initiate tripping if a blocking signal is not received from the other line
end. On three terminal lines, Z1B must be set to reliably reach beyond the longer line
section, even if there is an additional infeed via the tee point. Due to possible
differences in the pick-up times of the devices at the two line ends, and because of the
signal transmission time, the tripping must in this case be somewhat delayed by
means of TV (address , 5HOHDVH'HOD\).
Similarly, to avoid race conditions of the signals, a transmit signal can be prolonged
by the settable time TS once it has been initiated.
FD (A) A Z1(A) B Z1B(A) FD (A)
FD (B) Z1B(B) FD (B)
Z1(B)
d d
dt
(u,i) dt
(u,i)
(A) 40 ms 40 ms (B)
Forw. Forw.
(A) (B)
TS ≥1 transm. transm. ≥1 TS
FD & & FD
(A) (B)
TV TV
Z1B Z1B
T1B & & T1B
≥1 trip trip
≥1
(A) (B)
Z1 or Z1 or
further further
zones rec. rec. zones
FD = Pickup of any set distance zone (Z1 to Z5)
Figure 6-61 Operation scheme of the blocking method
7SA522 Manual 6-103
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Sequence Figure 6-62 shows the logic diagram of the blocking scheme for one line end.
The relevant distance zone for this scheme is the overreach zone Z1B. Its reach
direction must therefore be set to )RUZDUG: In the case of distance protection with
polygonal characteristic, in address 2SPRGH=%, refer also to Sub-section
6.2.3.2 under margin heading “Controlled Zone Z1B”; in the case of distance
protection with MHO characteristic, in address 2SPRGH=%, refer also to
Sub-section 6.2.4.2 under margin heading “Controlled Zone Z1B”.
On two terminal lines, the signal transmission may be phase segregated. Send and
receive circuits in this case are built up for each phase. On three terminal lines the
send signal is transmitted to both opposite ends. The receive signal are then
combined with the logical OR function, as in the case of an internal fault, no blocking
signal must be received from any line end. Via the setting /LQH&RQILJ (address
) the device is informed as to whether it has one or two opposite line ends.
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4052 Dis.Telep.OFF
Dis Telep. off
≥1
4003 >Dis.Telep. Blk &
Transiente Block.
IL1, IL2, IL3 d
dt
(u,i) 4060 Dis.Jump Blocking
UL1, UL2, UL3 40 ms
6HQG3URORQJ
& 4056 Dis.T.SEND
Dis. PICKUP & 0 T
Dis. forward & 4070 Dis.T.BL STOP
Dis.Pickup L1 0 T
&
& 4057 Dis.T.SEND L1
Dis L1 forw.
& 4082 Dis.T.BL STOPL1
&
Dis.Pickup L2 & 0 T 4058 Dis.T.SEND L2
Dis L2 forw.
&
4083 Dis.T.BL STOPL2
&
Dis.Pickup L3 & 0 T 4059 Dis.T.SEND L3
Dis L3 forw.
&
4084 Dis.T.BL STOPL3
/LQH&RQILJ
Three terminals
„1“ Two terminals
7U%ON%ORFN7LPH
& 4068 Dis.T.Trans.Blk
7U%ON:DLW7LPH
4006 >DisTel Rec.Ch1
Three terminals ≥1
T T
4010 >DisTel Rec.Ch2 Two terminals Transient Block.
Three terminals
&
4007 >Dis.T.RecCh1L1 Two terminals ≥1 Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L1
Three terminals
&
4008 >Dis.T.RecCh1L2 Two terminals ≥1 Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L2
Three terminals
4009 >Dis.T.RecCh1L3 ≥1 &
Two terminals Dis Enable Z1B/T1B L3
2108 5HOHDVH'HOD\
T 0
Dis. PICKUP
Figure 6-62 Logic diagram of the blocking scheme (one line end)
7SA522 Manual 6-105
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As soon as the distance protection has detected a fault in the reverse direction, a
blocking signal is transmitted (e.g. “'LV76(1'”, FNo ). The transmitted signal
may be prolonged by setting address $ accordingly. The blocking signal is
stopped if a fault is detected in the forward direction (e.g. “Dis.T.BL STOP“, FNo
). Very rapid blocking is possible by transmitting also the output signal of the
jump detector for measured values. To do so, the output “DisJumpBlocking“ (FNo
) must also be allocated to the transmitter output relay. As this jump signal
appears at every jump of the measured values, it should only be used if the
transmission channel can be relied upon to respond promptly to the disappearance of
the transmitted signal.
If there is a disturbance in the signal transmission path the overreaching zone can be
blocked via a binary input. The distance protection operates with the usual time
grading characteristic (non delayed trip in Z1). The overreaching zone Z1B can then
be activated by an automatic reclose function via the binary input “!(QDEOH
$5]RQHV” and setting 1357 VW$5!=% set to “Yes” (refer also to Figure 6-39
bottom).
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking”. It prolongs the blocking signal
by the transient blocking time 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address ), if it has been
present for the minimum duration equal to the waiting time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH
(address ).
It lies in the nature of the blocking scheme that single end fed short circuits can also
be tripped rapidly without any special measures, as the non feeding end cannot
generate a blocking signal.
6.6.1.6 Transient Blocking
In the overreach schemes, the transient blocking provides additional security against
erroneous signals due to transients caused by clearance of an external fault or by fault
direction reversal during clearance of a fault on a parallel line.
The principle of transient blocking scheme is that following the incidence of an external
fault, the formation of a release signal is prevented for a certain (settable) time. In the
case of permissive schemes, this is achieved by blocking of the transmit and receive
circuit.
Figure 6-63 shows the principle of the transient blocking function.
If, following fault detection, a fault in the reverse direction is determined within the
waiting time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH (address $), the transmit circuit and the release
of the overreaching zone Z1B are prevented. This blocking condition is maintained for
the duration of the transient blocking time 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address $) even
after reset of the blocking criterion.
In the case of the blocking scheme, the transient blocking prolongs the received block
signal as shown in the logic diagram Figure 6-62.
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Dis Telep. off ≥1
& 4003 Dis.T.Trans.Blk
>Dis.Telep. Blk
Dis. forward ≥1 7U%ON:DLW7LPH
Dis. reverse transient
& T blocking
Dis. PICKUP T Figure 6-57
or 6-59
7U%ON%ORFN7LPH
Figure 6-63 Transient blocking with POTT and Unblocking schemes
6.6.1.7 Measures for Weak and Zero Infeed
In cases where there is weak or no infeed present at one line end, the distance
protection will not pick up. Neither a trip nor a send signal can therefore be generated
there. The permissive overreach schemes with release signals would not even be able
to trip at the strong infeed end without time delay, unless special measures are
employed, as no permissive signal is received from the end with the weak infeed
condition.
To achieve fast tripping at both line ends in such cases, 7SA522 provides special
supplements for feeders with weak infeed.
To enable the line end with the weak infeed condition to trip independently, 7SA522
has a special tripping function for weak infeed conditions. As this is a separate
protection function with its own trip command, it is described in a separate section
(6.9).
Echo Function In Figure 6-64 the method of operation of the echo function is shown. It may be set
with )&7:HDN,QIHHG (Weak Infeed MODE) in address to be on ((&+2
RQO\) or off (2))). By means of this “switch” the weak infeed tripping can also be
switched on ((&+2DQG75,3, refer also to Section 6.9). This setting applies to both
the distance protection and the earth fault protection teleprotection scheme.
If there is no fault detection, the echo function causes the received signal to be sent
back to the other line end as an “echo”, where it is used to initiate permissive tripping.
The detection of the weak infeed and accordingly the requirement for an echo are
combined in a central AND gate. The distance protection must neither be switched off
nor blocked, as it would otherwise always produce an echo due to the missing fault
detection. If however the time delayed overcurrent protection is used as an emergency
function, an echo is nevertheless possible if the distance protection is out of service,
because the fault detection of the emergency overcurrent protection replaces the
distance protection fault detection. During this mode of operation, the emergency
overcurrent protection must naturally not also be blocked or switched off.
The essential condition for an echo is the absence of distance protection or
overcurrent protection fault detection with the simultaneous reception of a signal from
the teleprotection scheme logic, as shown in the corresponding logic diagrams (Figure
6-57 or 6-59).
To avoid an incorrect echo following switching off of the line and reset of the fault
detection, the RS flip-flop in Figure 6-64 latches the fault detection condition until the
7SA522 Manual 6-107
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signal receive condition resets, thereby barring the release of an echo. The echo can
in any event be blocked via the binary input „!'LV7%ON(FKR“.
If the conditions for an echo signal are met, a short delay 7ULS(FKR'(/$<is
initially activated. This delay is necessary to avoid transmission of the echo if the
protection at the weak line end has a longer fault detection time during reverse faults
or if it picks up a little later due to unfavourable short-circuit current distribution. If
however the circuit breaker at the non-feeding line end is open, this delay of the echo
signal is not required. The echo delay time may then be bypassed. The circuit breaker
switching state is provided by the central information control functions. (refer to
Subsection 6.19.2).
The echo impulse is then issued (event output “(&+26,*1$/”). It’s length is set with
the parameter 7ULS(;7(16,21.
Note:
The “(&+26,*1$/” (F.No. 4246) must be separately assigned to the output relay(s)
for signal transmission, as it is not contained in the transmit signals “'LV76(1'” or
“'LV76(1'/
”. On the digital protection data interface with permissive overreach
transfer trip mode, the echo is transmitted as a separate signal without taking any spe-
cial measures (Figure 6-56).
After issue of the echo impulse, the transmission of a new echo is prevented for at
least 20 ms. This prevents the repetition of an echo after the line has been switched
off.
In the case of the blocking scheme and the underreach transfer trip scheme, the echo
function is not required and therefore ineffective.
)&7:HDN,QIHHG Echo release by earth fault
OFF protection
„1“ ECHO only (refer also to Figure 6-81)
≥1
ECHO and TRIP
Dist. OFF/BLOCK &
≥1
O/C VTsec lost
&
O/C OFF/BLOCK
7LPH'(/$<
7ULS(;7(16,21
≥1 S Q ≥1
Dis. PICKUP T 0
& &
≥1 4246 ECHO SIGNAL
O/C PICKUP & R T
from rec. logic (Figure &
6-57 or 6-59)
4040 >Dis.T.BlkEcho 20 0
Q S
ms
CB open (3pole)
R &
Figure 6-64 Logic diagram of the echo function with distance protection teleprotection
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6.6.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
General The distance protection teleprotection supplement is only in service if it is set during
the configuration to one of the possible modes of operation in address .
Depending on this configuration setting, only those parameters that are relevant to the
selected mode of operation will appear here. If the teleprotection supplement is not
required, address is 7HOHSURW'LVW = 'LVDEOHG.
Conventional The following modes are possible with conventional transmission links:
Transmission
− 3877 = Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT), as referred
to in Subsection 6.6.1.1,
− '877 = Direct Underreach Transfer Trip (DUTT), as referred to in
Subsection 6.6.1.2,
− 3277 = Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT), as referred
to in Subsection 6.6.1.3,
− 8QEORFNLQJ = Unblocking with Z1B, as referred to in Sub-section
6.6.1.4,
− %ORFNLQJ = Blocking scheme, as referred to in Sub-section 6.6.1.5.
In address )&77HOHS'LV the application of a teleprotection scheme can
be switched 21 or 2)).
If the teleprotection is applied to a line with three ends, the address must be set
to /LQH&RQILJ = 7KUHHWHUPLQDOV, otherwise it remains at the setting 7ZR
7HUPLQDOV.
Digital The following modes are possible with digital transmission using the protection data
Transmission interface:
− 3877 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with zone
=%DFFHOHUDWLRQ acceleration Z1B and
protection data interface,
as described in Subsection 6.6.1.1,
− 3277 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT), as
described in Section 6.6.1.3.
The desired mode is selected at address )&77HOHS'LV. Here, the use of
a signal transmission mode can also be switched 21 or 2)). In that case, address
7\SHRI/LQH is relevant and must have the same setting in all devices.
Teleprotection modes over protection interface are only active if the parameter
7HOHSURW'LVW has been set to 3277RYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH in all
devices of the setup.
Distance Protection For all applications of teleprotection schemes (except PUTT), it must be ensured that
Prerequisites the fault detection of the distance protection in the reverse direction has a greater
reach than the overreaching zone of the opposite line end (refer to the shaded areas
in Figure 6-65 on the right hand side)! For this purpose, at least one of the distance
stages must be set to 5HYHUVH or 1RQ'LUHFWLRQDO. During a fault in the shaded
area at the left of Figure 6-65, this fault would be in zone Z1B of the protection at B as
zone Z1B is set incorrectly. The distance protection at A would not pick up and
7SA522 Manual 6-109
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therefore interpret this as a fault with single end infeed from B (echo from A or no block
signal at A). This would result in a false trip!
To produce a blocking signal the blocking scheme additionally requires a fast reverse
stage. For this purpose, the third zone is to be applied without time delay (see also
“Note” in Subsection 6.2.3.2).
The Blocking scheme needs furthermore a fast reverse stage to generate the blocking
signal. The 3rd zone is used undelayed for that purpose (refer also to the note on page
49 in Section 6.2.3.2).
PICKUP(A)
incorrect!
PICKUP(A) A Z1B(A)
Z1B(B) B PICKUP(B)
PICKUP(B) correct
Figure 6-65 Distance protection setting with permissive overreach schemes
Time Settings The send signal prolongation 6HQG3URORQJ (address $) must ensure that the
send signal reliably reaches the opposite line end, even if there is very fast tripping at
the sending line end and/or the signal transmission time is relatively long. In the case
of the permissive overreaching schemes 3277 and 8QEORFNLQJ this signal
prolongation time is only effective if the device has already issued a trip command.
This ensures the release of the other line ends even if the short-circuit has been
cleared very rapidly by the instantaneous zone Z1. In the case of the blocking scheme
%ORFNLQJthe send signal is always prolonged by this time. In this case it
corresponds to a transient blocking following a reverse fault. This setting can only be
modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
With the release delay 5HOHDVH'HOD\ (address ) the release of the zone Z1B
can be delayed. This is only necessary for the blocking scheme %ORFNLQJ, to allow
sufficient transmission time for the blocking signal during external faults. This delay
only has an effect on the receive circuit of the teleprotection; conversely the
permissive signal is not delayed by the set time delay T1B of the overreaching zone
Z1B.
Transient Blocking The parameters 7U%ON:DLW7LPH and 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH serve the transient
blocking with the permissive overreaching schemes PUTT and UNBLOCKING. With
permissive underreach transfer trip they are of no consequence. This setting can only
be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH (address $) is a waiting time before transient
blocking. Only once the distance protection recognizes a reverse fault inside this time
after fault detection, will the transient blocking become activated in the permissive
overreach transfer schemes. With the blocking scheme this waiting time prevents a
transient blocking if the blocking signal from the opposite line end is received very
rapidly. There is no transient blocking with the setting ∞.
The transient blocking time 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address $) must be definitely
longer than the duration of severe transients resulting from the inception or clearance
of external short circuits. The send signal is delayed by this time with the permissive
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overreach schemes 3277 and 8QEORFNLQJ if the protection had initially detected a
reverse fault. With the blocking scheme %ORFNLQJthe (blocking) receive signal is
prolonged by this time.
The preset value is generally sufficient.
Echo Function In the case of line ends with weak infeed, the echo function is sensible in conjunction
with permissive overreach transfer schemes POTT and UNBLOCKING with release
signal, so that the feeding line end is also released. The echo function can be enabled
under address )&7:HDN,QIHHG ((&+2RQO\) or disabled (2))). With this
“switch” the weak infeed tripping function can also be activated ((&+2DQG75,3,
refer also to Section 6.9).
The notes regarding the setting of the distance stages above, and the margin
headings “Distance Protection Prerequisites” must in any event be noted.
The echo delay time 7ULS(FKR'(/$< (address $) must be set long enough
to avoid incorrect echo signals resulting from the difference in fault detection pick-up
time of the distance protection functions at the two line ends during external faults
(through-fault current). A typical setting is approximately 40 ms (presetting). This
setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The echo impulse duration 7ULS(;7(16,21 (address $) can be set to adapt
to the circumstances of the signal transmission equipment. It must be long enough to
ensure that the receive signal is recognized even with different pick-up times by the
protection devices at the line ends and different response times of the transmission
equipment. Generally a setting of approximately 50 ms (presetting) is sufficient. This
setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Note:
The “(FKR²6LJQDO“ (FNo ) must be allocated separately to the output relays
for the activating the transmitter, as it is not contained in the transmit signals of the
transmission functions. On the digital protection data interface with permissive over-
reach transfer trip mode, the echo is transmitted as a separate signal without taking
any special measures (Figure 6-56).
The setting for the echo function is the same for all measures taken against weak
infeed and summarised in tabular form in Section 6.9.
6.6.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2101 FCT Telep. Dis. ON ON Teleprotection for Distance prot.
PUTT (Z1B acceleration) is
POTT
OFF
2102 Type of Line Two Terminals Two Terminals Type of Line
Three Terminals
7SA522 Manual 6-111
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2103A Send Prolong. 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Time for send signal prolonga-
tion
2107A Delay for alarm 0.00..30.00 sec 10.00 sec Time Delay for Alarm
2108 Release Delay 0.000..30.000 sec 0.000 sec Time Delay for release after pik-
kup
2109A TrBlk Wait Time 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.04 sec Transient Block.: Duration exter-
nal flt.
2110A TrBlk BlockTime 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Transient Block.: Blk.T. after ext.
flt.
6.6.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
4001 >Dis.Telep. ON >Distance Teleprotection ON
4002 >Dis.Telep.OFF >Distance Teleprotection OFF
4003 >Dis.Telep. Blk >Distance Teleprotection BLOCK
4005 >Dis.RecFail >Dist. teleprotection: Carrier faulty
4006 >DisTel Rec.Ch1 >Dis.Tele. Carrier RECEPTION Channel 1
4007 >Dis.T.RecCh1L1 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel 1,L1
4008 >Dis.T.RecCh1L2 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel 1,L2
4009 >Dis.T.RecCh1L3 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel 1,L3
4010 >Dis.T.Rec.Ch2 >Dis.Tele. Carrier RECEPTION Channel 2
4030 >Dis.T.UB ub 1 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Channel 1
4031 >Dis.T.UB bl 1 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: BLOCK Channel 1
4032 >Dis.T.UB ub1L1 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, L1
4033 >Dis.T.UB ub1L2 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, L2
4034 >Dis.T.UB ub1L3 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, L3
4035 >Dis.T.UB ub 2 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Channel 2
4036 >Dis.T.UB bl 2 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: BLOCK Channel 2
4040 >Dis.T.BlkEcho >Dis.Tele. BLOCK Echo Signal
4050 Dis.T.on/off BI Dis. Teleprotection ON/OFF via BI
4052 Dis.Telep. OFF Dis. Teleprotection is switched OFF
4054 Dis.T.Carr.rec. Dis. Telep. Carrier signal received
4055 Dis.T.Carr.Fail Dis. Telep. Carrier CHANNEL FAILURE
4056 Dis.T.SEND Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal
4057 Dis.T.SEND L1 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L1
6-112 7SA522 Manual
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F.No. Alarm Comments
4058 Dis.T.SEND L2 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L2
4059 Dis.T.SEND L3 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L3
4060 DisJumpBlocking Dis.Tele.Blocking: Send signal with jump
4068 Dis.T.Trans.Blk Dis. Telep. Transient Blocking
4070 Dis.T.BL STOP Dis. Tele.Blocking: carrier STOP signal
4080 Dis.T.UB Fail1 Dis. Tele.Unblocking: FAILURE Channel 1
4081 Dis.T.UB Fail2 Dis. Tele.Unblocking: FAILURE Channel 2
4082 Dis.T.BL STOPL1 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L1
4083 Dis.T.BL STOPL2 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L2
4084 Dis.T.BL STOPL3 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L3
4085 Dis.T.RecL1Dev1 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device1
4086 Dis.T.RecL2Dev1 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device1
4087 Dis.T.RecL3Dev1 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device1
4088 Dis.T.RecL1Dev2 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device2
4089 Dis.T.RecL2Dev2 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device2
4090 Dis.T.RecL3Dev2 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device2
4091 Dis.T.RecL1Dev3 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device3
4092 Dis.T.RecL2Dev3 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device3
4093 Dis.T.RecL3Dev3 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device3
7SA522 Manual 6-113
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6.7 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional)
General In earthed systems, where extremely large fault resistance may exist during earth
faults (e.g. overhead lines without earth wire, sandy soil, or high tower footing
resistance) the fault detection of the distance protection will often not pick up because
the resulting earth fault impedance could be outside the fault detection characteristic
of the distance protection.
The Distance Protection 7SA522 has protection functions for such high resistance
earth faults. These options are available:
• Three overcurrent stages with definite time tripping characteristic (definite time),
• one overcurrent time stage with inverse time characteristic (IDMT),
All stages are independent on each other and are freely combinable. If the inverse
time stage is not required, it may be employed as a fourth definite time stage.
Each stage may also be set to be non directional or directional — forward or reverse.
A signal transmission may be combined with these four stages. For each stage it may
be determined if it should coordinate with the signal transmission (refer also to Section
6.8). If the protection is applied in the proximity of transformers, an inrush stabilization
can be activated. Furthermore, blocking by external criteria is possible via binary
inputs (e.g. for reverse interlocking or external automatic reclosure). During
energization of the protected feeder onto a short circuit, any stage — or several stages
— may be switched to undelayed tripping.
6.7.1 Method of Operation
Measured value The earth current is the negative sum of the three phase currents, i.o.w. IE = –3·I0 =
–(IL1 + IL2 + IL3). Depending on the version ordered, and the configured application
for the fourth current input I4 of the device, the earth current can be measured or
calculated.
If the input I4 is connected in the starpoint of the set of current transformers or to a
separate earth current transformer, on the protected feeder, the earth current is
directly available as a measured value.
If the device is fitted with the highly sensitive current input for I4, this current I4 is used
with the compensation factor ,,SK&7 (address , refer to Sub-section 6.1.1).
As the linear range of this measuring input is severely limited (maximum 1.6 A), this
current is only evaluated up to an amplitude of approximately 1 A. In the case of larger
currents the device automatically switches over to the evaluation of the zero sequence
current derived from the phase currents. Naturally, all three phase currents from three
current transformers connected in a star arrangement must be available and
connected. This allows the processing of the earth current both when very small and
also larger earth short-circuit currents occur.
If the fourth current input I4 is otherwise utilized, e.g. for a transformer starpoint current
or for the earth current of a parallel line, the device calculates the earth current from
the phase currents. Naturally, in this case also, all three phase currents from three
current transformers connected in a star arrangement must be available and
connected.
6-114 7SA522 Manual
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Definite Time Very The earth current IE = 3I0 is passed through a numerical filter and then compared with
High Set Current the set value ,!!!. If this value is exceeded and alarm is issued. After the
Stage 3I0>>> corresponding delay times 7,!!! have expired, a trip command is issued which
is also alarmed. The reset threshold is approximately 5 % + 0,5 mA below the pick-up
threshold.
The possibilities of intervention are referred to in the heading “General”. Figure 6-66
shows the logic diagram of the 3I0>>>–stage. The function modules “direction
determination”, “permissive teleprotection”, “switch onto fault”, and “inrush
stabilization” are common to all stages and described below. They may however affect
each stage individually. This is done with the following parameters:
• 2SPRGH,!!!, determines the operating direction of the stage: )RUZDUG,
5HYHUVH or 1RQ'LUHFWLRQDO,
• ,!!!7HOHS%,, determines whether a non-delayed trip with the teleprotection
scheme is possible (<HV) or not possible (1R),
• ,!!!627)7ULS, determines whether during energization of the feeder onto a
fault tripping with this stage shall be non-delayed (<HV) or not (1R) and
• ,!!!,QUXVK%ON, which is used to switch the inrush stabilization (rush blocking)
on (<HV) or off (1R).
,!!!
1354 EF 3I0>>>Pickup
IE
7,!!!
3I0>>>
&
T 0
&
1305 >EF BLK 3I0>>>
≥1 1366 EF 3I0>>> TRIP
&
,!!!,QUXVK%ON ,!!!7HOHS%,
Yes Yes
inrush- ≥1
stabilization No No
>EF Inst TRIP
2SPRGH,!!! permissive
Inactive
teleprot.. 627)2S0RGH
,!!!627)7ULS
& & PICKUP+DIRECT.
Forward
≥1 PICKUP T 0
Yes
„1“ Reverse &
& No
Non-Direct.
switch onto 7627)7LPH'(/$<
forwards fault
direction-
determination reverse
Figure 6-66 Logic diagram of the 3I0>>>–stage
Definite Time High The logic of the high set current stage 3I0>> is the same as that of the 3I0>>>–stage.
Set Current In all references 3I0>>> must merely be replaced by ,!!. Otherwise, Figure 6-66
Stage 3I0>> also applies.
Definite Time The logic of the overcurrent stage 3I0> is the same as that of the 3I0>>>–stage. In all
Overcurrent references 3I0>>> must merely be replaced with ,!. Otherwise, Figure 6-66 also
Stage 3I0> applies. This stage operates with a specially optimized digital filter that completely
7SA522 Manual 6-115
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Functions
suppresses all harmonic components beginning with the 2nd harmonic. Therefore it is
particularly suited for a highly-sensitive earth fault detection.
A fourth, definite time stage can be implemented by setting the “inverse” stage (refer
to the next paragraph) to a definite time stage.
Inverse Time The logic of the inverse time stage in principle functions the same as the remaining
Overcurrent stages. This stage operates with a specially optimized digital filter that completely
Stage 3I0P suppresses all harmonic components beginning with the 2nd harmonic. Therefore it is
particularly suited for a highly-sensitive earth fault detection. The operate delay time
in this case is however determined by the set characteristic (Parameter /2*&XUYH),
the magnitude of the earth current and the time multiplier ,S7LPH'LDO (Figure
6-67). A pre-selection of the optional characteristics was already done during the
configuration of the protection functions. Furthermore, an additional fixed delay
$GG7'(/$< may be selected. The optional characteristics are listed in the technical
data of Section 10.5 and 10.10.
Figure 6-67 shows the logic diagram. As an example, the setting addresses for the IEC
curves are shown in the diagram. The different setting addresses are referred to in
more detail in the setting information (Sub-section 6.7.2)
It is also possible to implement this stage as a further definite time stage. In this case
,S3,&.83 is the pick up threshold and $GG7'(/$< the definite time delay. The
inverse time characteristic is then effectively bypassed.
1357 EF 3I0p Pickup
,S3,&.83 ,(&&XUYH
$GG7'(/$< 3I0p Time Dial
IE
3I0P
& t
T 0
&
1309 >EF BLOCK 3I0p 3I0
,S,QUXVK%ON ≥1 1369 EF 3I0p TRIP
&
Yes ,S7HOHS%,
inrush-
stabilization No Yes ≥1
No
2SPRGH,S >EF Inst TRIP
permissive
Inactive teleprot..
627)2S0RGH
Forward
&
PICKUP+DIRECT.
,S627)7ULS
≥1 &
„1“ Reverse Yes
PICKUP T 0
& &
Non-Directional No
forwards switch on 627)7LPH'(/$<
direction- to fault
determination reverse
Figure 6-67 Logic diagram of the 3I0P–stage (inverse time overcurrent protection), for example IEC curves
6-116 7SA522 Manual
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Inverse Time The inverse logarithmic characteristic differs from the other inverse characteristics
Overcurrent Stage mainly by the fact that the shape of the curve can be influenced by a number of
with Inverse parameters. The slope ,S7LPH'LDO and a time shift 7 ,3PD[ which directly
Logarithmic affect the curve, can be changed. The curves are listed in the technical date in Section
Characteristic 10.5.
The logic diagram is shown in Figure 6-68. In addition to the curve parameters, a
minimum time ,S0LQ7'(/$< can be determined; below this time no tripping can
occur. Below a current factor of ,S6WDUWSRLQW, which is set as a multiple of the
basic setting ,S3,&.83, no tripping can take place.
Further information regarding the effect of the various parameters can be found in the
setting information of the function parameters in Sub-section 6.7.2, refer also to Figure
6-71.
The remaining setting options are the same as for the other curves.
1357 EF 3I0p Pickup
,S6WDUWSRLQW /2*&XUYH
,S3,&.83 ,S7LPH'LDO
,S0D[7'(/$<
IE
3I0P & t
T 0
&
3I0
&
1309 >EF BLOCK 3I0p
$GG7'(/$<
,S,QUXVK%ON
,S0LQ7'(/$<
Yes
inrush- T 0
stabilization No
≥1 1369 EF 3I0p TRIP
&
,S7HOHS%,
Yes ≥1
2SPRGH,S
No
>EF Inst TRIP
Inactive permissive
teleprot..
627)2S0RGH
&
Forward ,S627)7ULS
≥1 & PICKUP+DIRECT.
„1“ Reverse Yes
& PICKUP & T 0
Non-Directional
No
forwards
direction- switch on 627)7LPH'(/$<
determination reverse to fault
Figure 6-68 Logic diagram of the 3I0P–stage for the inverse logarithmic curve
Phase Current Non-symmetrical load conditions in multiple-earthed systems or different current
Stabilization transformer errors can result in a zero sequence current. This zero sequence current
could cause faulty pick-up of the earth current stages if low pick-up thresholds are set.
To avoid this, the earth current stages are stabilized by the phase current: As the
phase currents increase, the pick up thresholds are increased (Figure 6-69). The
stabilization factor (= slope) may be changed by means of the parameter ,SK67$%
6ORSH. It applies to all stages.
7SA522 Manual 6-117
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3I0
IN
slope
0.1 blocking of the
pick up
,(!
IPhmax
IN
Figure 6-69 Phase current stabilization
Inrush Stabilization If the device is connected to a transformer feeder, large inrush currents can be
expected when the transformer is energized; if the transformer star-point is earthed,
also in the zero sequence path. The inrush current may be a multiple of the rated
current and flow for several tens of milliseconds up to several minutes.
Although the fundamental current is evaluated by filtering of the measured current, an
incorrect pick-up during energization of the transformer may result if very short delay
times are set. In the rush current there is a substantial portion of fundamental current
depending on the type and size of the transformer that is being energized.
The inrush stabilization blocks tripping of all those stages for which it has been
activated, for as long as the rush current is recognized.
The inrush current is characterized by a relatively large amount of second harmonic
(twice rated frequency). This second harmonic is almost non-existent in the short-
circuit current. Numerical filters that carry out a Fourier analysis of the current are used
for the frequency analysis. As soon as the harmonic content is greater than the set
value, the affected stage is blocked.
Direction The direction determination is carried out with the measured current IE (= –3 · I0),
Determination with which is compared to a polarization voltage UP, which results from the measured
the Zero Sequence voltage UE (= 3 · U0).
System
The direction determination UP may also be carried out with the earth current IE and
the star-point current IY of an earthed transformer (source transformer) as polarization
value IP (Figure 6-70) provided that the transformer is available.
It is furthermore possible to polarize with the star-point current of the transformer as
well as the zero sequence voltage UE (reference voltage). The reference value then
is the sum of reference voltage UE and a value which is proportional to reference
currents IY. This value is about 20 V for rated current.
The directional polarization using the transformer star-point current is independent of
voltage transformers and therefore also functions reliably during a fault in the voltage
transformer secondary circuit. It is however a requirement that not all but at least a
substantial amount of the earth fault current flows via the transformer, the star-point
current of which is measured.
6-118 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
Im
UP
kY ej76° IY
„Forward“
β = 122° β UE = 3U0
IE
α α = -22° Re
„Reverse“
Figure 6-70 Directional characteristic of the earth fault protection
For the determination of direction a minimum current IE and a minimum polarization
quantity is required. The minimum polarizing voltage set as 8!. If the displacement
voltage is too small, the direction can only be determined if it is polarized with the
transformer star-point current and this exceeds a minimum value corresponding to the
setting ,<!. The direction determination with UE is inhibited when a trip of the voltage
transformer mcb is reported via binary input.
Direction It is advantageous to use negative sequence system values for the direction
Determination with measurement if the resulting zero sequence voltages during earth faults are too small
Negative Sequence for an accurate measurement or when the zero sequence values are subject to
System interference by for example mutual coupling from a parallel line.
Otherwise this function operates the same as the direction measurement with zero
sequence current and zero sequence voltage. The negative sequence signals 3I2 und
3U2 are simply used instead of the signals 3I0 und 3U0. These signals must also have
a minimum magnitude of ,! or 8!.
Blocking The earth fault protection can be blocked by the distance protection. If in this case a
fault is detected by the distance protection, the earth fault protection will not operate.
This gives the selective fault clearance by the distance protection preference over
tripping by the earth fault protection.
The earth fault protection can also be blocked during the single-pole dead time of an
automatic reclose cycle. This prevents an incorrect measurement resulting from the
zero sequence current and voltage signals arising in this state. If the device is
combined with an external automatic reclose device or if single-pole tripping can result
from a separate (parallel tripping) protection device, the earth fault protection must be
blocked via binary input during the single-pole open condition.
Switching onto an To achieve fast tripping following manual closure of the circuit breaker on to an earth
Earth Fault fault, the manual close command from the control switch can be routed to the device
via a binary input. The earth fault protection can then trip three-pole without delay. The
7SA522 Manual 6-119
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Functions
stage(s) that should be activated for instantaneous tripping after manual closure can
be selected with setting parameters. (refer to logic diagrams Figure 6-66 to 6-68).
The instantaneous tripping following manual closure is blocked as long as the inrush-
stabilization recognizes a rush current. This prevents instantaneous tripping by a
stage which, under normal conditions, is sufficiently delayed during energization of a
transformer.
6.7.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
During the configuration of the device functions (refer to Section 5.1, address
(DUWK)DXOW2&) it was determined which characteristics of the overcurrent time
protection would be available. Depending on the configuration selected there, and the
ordered version of the relay, only those parameters applicable to the available curves
are accessible now.
By means of the parameter )&7(DUWK)OW2& the earth fault protection can
be switched 2Q or 2II. This refers to all functions of the earth fault protection.
Each individual stage, if not required, can be deactivated (see below).
Blocking The earth fault protection can be blocked by the distance protection to give preference
to the selective fault clearance by the distance protection over tripping by the earth
fault protection. In setting address %/2&.IRU'LVW it is determined whether
blocking is done during each fault detection of the distance protection (HYHU\
3LFNXS) or only during single-phase fault detection by the distance protection
(VLQJOHSKDVH3LFNXS) or only during multiple-phase fault detection by the
distance protection (PXOWLSKDVH3LFNXS). If blocking is not required, the setting
1R is applied.
The earth fault protection should be blocked during single-pole automatic reclose
dead time, to avoid pick-up with the false zero sequence values arising during this
state (address %/2&.S'HDG7LP). A setting of <HV is therefore only required
if single-pole tripping is implemented. Otherwise the setting 1R (presetting) remains.
Definite Time First of all, the mode for each stage is set: 2SPRGH,!!!(address ) ,
Stages 2SPRGH,!! (address ) and 2SPRGH,! (address ). Each
stages can be set to operate forward (usually towards line) or reverse direction
(usually towards busbar) or non-directional (in both directions). If a single stage is
not required, set its mode to deactivated.
The definite time stages ,!!! (address ), ,!! (address ) and ,!
(address ) can be used for a three-stage definite time overcurrent protection.
They can also be combined with the inverse time stage ,S3,&.83 (address ,
see below). The pick up thresholds should in general be selected such that the most
sensitive stage picks up with the smallest expected earth fault current.
The 3I0>> und 3I0>>> stages are best suited for fast tripping stages (instantaneous),
as these stages use an abridged filter with shorter response time. On the other hand,
the stages 3I0> and 3I0p are best-suited for very sensitive earth fault detection due to
their effective method of suppressing harmonics.
6-120 7SA522 Manual
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If no inverse time stage but rather a fourth definite time stage is required, the “inverse
time” stage can be implemented as a definite time stage. This must already be taken
regard of during the configuration of the protection functions (refer to Section 5.1,
address (DUWK)DXOW2& = 'HILQLWH7LPH). For this stage, the address
,S3,&.83 then determines the current pick-up threshold and address
,S0D[7'(/$< the definite time delay.
The values for the time delay settings 7,!!! (address ), 7,!!
(address ) and 7,! (address ) are derived from the earth fault grading
coodination diagram of the system.
If the distance protection implements single-pole tripping, the earth fault protection
may be delayed by one grading margin to give preference to the phase selective
tripping by the distance protection over of the earth fault protection which always trips
three-pole. It is however also possible to block the earth fault protection with the
distance protection (See “Blocking” above).
During the selection of the current and time settings, regard must be taken of whether
a stage should be direction dependent and whether it uses teleprotection. Refer to
also to the margin headings “Direction Determination” and “Teleprotection with Earth
Fault Protection”.
The set time delays are pure additional time delays which do not include the response
time (measuring time) of the protection.
Inverse Time Also for the inverse time overcurrent stage the operating mode must initially be set:
Overcurrent Stage 2SPRGH,S (address ). This stage can be set to operate forward (usually
with IEC– towards line) or reverse direction (usually towards busbar) or non-directional (in
Characteristic both directions). If a particular stage is not required, set its mode to
inactive.
For the inverse time overcurrent stage 3I0P it is possible to select from a variety of
curves depending on the version of the relay and the configuration (Section 5.1,
address ) that was selected. If an inverse overcurrent stage is not required, the
address is set to(DUWK)DXOW2& = 'HILQLWH7LPH. The 3I0P–stage can
then be used as a fourth definite time stage (refer to “Definite Time Stages” above) or
deactivated. In the case of the IEC–curves (address (DUWK)DXOW2& = 72&
,(&) the following alternatives are available in the address ,(&&XUYH:
,QYHUVH (normal inverse, Type A according to IEC 60255–3),
9HU\LQYHUVH (very inverse, Type B according to IEC 60255–3),
([WUHPHO\LQY (extremely inverse, Type C according to IEC 60255–3), and
/RQJ7LPH,QYHUVH (longtime, Type B according to IEC 60255–3).
The curves and equations the curves are based on are illustrated in the technical data
(Section 10.10).
Similar considerations as for the definite time stages (see above) apply to the setting
of the pick-up threshold ,S3,&.83 (address ). In this case it must be
considered that a safety margin has already been included between the pick-up
threshold and the setting value. The stage only picks up when the measured signal is
approximately 10 % above the setting value.
The time multiplier setting 7,S7LPH'LDO (address ) is derived from the
grading coordination chart which was set up for earth faults in the system.
In addition to the inverse current dependant time delay, a constant (fixed length) time
delay can also be set if this is required. The setting $GG7'(/$< (address ) is
added to the time of the set curve.
7SA522 Manual 6-121
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Inverse Time Also for the inverse time overcurrent stage the operating mode is initially set:
Overcurrent Stage 2SPRGH,S (address ). This stage can be set to operate forward (usually
with ANSI– towards line) or reverse direction (usually towards busbar) or non-directional (in
Characteristic both directions). If a particular stage is not required, set its mode to inactive.
For the inverse time overcurrent stage 3I0P it is possible to select from a variety of
curves depending on the version of the relay and the configuration (Section 5.1,
address ) that was selected. If an inverse overcurrent stage is not required, the
address is set to (DUWK)DXOW2& = 'HILQLWH7LPH. The 3I0P–stage can
then be used as a fourth definite time stage (refer to “Definite Time Stages” above). In
the case of the ANSI–curves (address (DUWK)DXOW2& = 72&$16,) the
following alternatives are available in the address $16,&XUYH:
,QYHUVH,
6KRUWLQYHUVH,
/RQJLQYHUVH,
0RGHUDWHO\LQY,
9HU\LQYHUVH,
([WUHPHO\LQY and
'HILQLWHLQY
The curves and equations the curves are based on are illustrated in the technical data
(Section 10.10).
The setting of the pick-up threshold ,S3,&.83 (address ) is similar to the
setting of definite time stages (see above). In this case it must be considered that a
safety margin has already been included between the pick-up threshold and the
setting value. The stage only picks up when the measured signal is approximately
10 % above the setting value.
The time multiplier setting ,S7LPH'LDO (address ) is derived from the
grading coordination chart which was set up for earth faults in the system.
In addition to the inverse current dependant time delay, a constant (fixed length) time
delay can also be set if this is required. The setting $GG7'(/$< (address ) is
added to the time of the set curve.
Inverse Time For the inverse time overcurrent stage with logarithmic inverse characteristic the
Overcurrent Stage operating mode is initially set: 2SPRGH,S (address ). This stage can be
with Logarithmic– set to operate forward (usually towards line) or reverse direction (usually towards
Inverse busbar) or non-directional (in both directions). If an individual stage is not required,
Characteristic set its mode to inactive.
For the inverse logarithmic curves (address (DUWK)DXOW2& = 72&
/RJDULWKP) the following can be set: address /2*&XUYH = /RJ
LQYHUVH
The curves and equations the curves are based on are illustrated in the technical data
(Section 10.5). Figure 6-71 illustrates the influence of the most important setting
parameters on the curve. ,S3,&.83 (address ) is the reference value for all
current values, while ,S6WDUWSRLQW (address ) determines the beginning
of the curve, i.e. the lowest operating range on the current axis (referred to ,S
3,&.83). The timer setting ,S0D[7'(/$< (address ) determines the
starting point of the curve (for 3I0 = ,S3,&.83). The time factor ,S7LPH'LDO
(address ) changes the slope of the curve. For large currents, ,S0LQ7
'(/$< (address ) determines the lower limit on the time axis. For currents larger
than 30·,S3,&.83the operating time no longer decreases.
Finally in address $GG7'(/$< a fixed time delay can be set as was done for
other curves. This, however, has almost the same effect as an increase of ,S
6-122 7SA522 Manual
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0D[7'(/$< (address ). This affects the characteristic just like an increase of
3I0p MaxT-DELAY (address ), but not ,S0LQ7'(/$< (address ).
,S0D[7'(/$<
,S7LPH'LDO
,S0LQ7'(/$<
0
1 ,S6WDUWSRLQW 3I0/,S3,&.83
Figure 6-71 Setting parameter characteristics in the logarithmic–inverse curve
Direction The direction of each required stage was already determined when setting the
Determination differrent stages.
According to the requirements of the application, the directionality of each stage is
individually selected. If for instance a directional earth fault protection with a non-
directional back-up stage is required, this can be implemented by setting the 3I0>>–
stage directional with a short or no delay time and the 3I0>–stage with the same pick-
up threshold but a longer delay time as directional back-up stage. The 3I0>>>–stage
could be applied as an additional high set instantaneous stage.
If a stage is to operate with teleprotection according to Section 6.8, it may operate
without delay in conjunction with a permissive scheme. In the blocking scheme, a
short delay equal to the signal transmission time, plus a small reserve margin of
approx. 20 ms is sufficient.
The direction is usually determined with the earth current IE = –3I0 as the measured
value the angle of which is compared to a polarizing quantity (Sub-section 6.7.1). The
desired polarizing signal(s) is set in 32/$5,=$7,21 (address ). The presetting
ZLWK8RDQG,< generally also applies when only UE = 3U0 is used as a polarizing
signal. If there is no transformer star-point current IY connected to the device,
automatically only UE influences the direction determination.
If the direction determination must be carried out using only IY as reference signal, the
setting ZLWK,<RQO\ is applied. This makes sense if a reliable transformer star-
point current IY is always available at the device input I4. The direction determination
is then not affected by disturbances in the voltage transformer secondary circuits
provided that the device is equipped with a normal sensitivity current input I4 and the
transformer star-point current is connected to I4 .
If direction determination must be carried out using the negative sequence system
signals 3I2 and 3U2 the setting ZLWK8DQG, is applied. In this case, only the
7SA522 Manual 6-123
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negative sequence system signals computed by the device are used for the direction
determination.
The position of the directional characteristic is determined with the setting parameters
'LU$/3+$ and 'LU%(7$ (addresses und ). As these set values are
no critical, the pre-settings may be left unchanged. This setting can only be modified
with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Finally, the threshold values of the polarizing signals must be set. 8! (address
) determines the minimum operating voltage for direction determination with UE.
If UE is not used for the direction determination, this setting is of no consequence. The
set threshold should not be exceeded by unsymmetries in the operational measured
voltage. UE is the sum of the phase voltages, i.o.w.
UE = UL1 + UL2 + UL3 = 3·U0
Only if the connection of the fourth current transformer ,WUDQVIRUPHU
(address ) = starpoint is registered in the 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD 36\VWHP
'DWD (see 6.1.1), the address ,<! will appear. It is the lower threshold for
the current measured in the starpoint of a source transformer. A relatively sensitive
setting can be applied for this value, as the measurement of the starpoint current is
quite accurate by nature.
If the direction determination must be done with the negative sequence system
signals, the setting values 8! (address ) and ,! (address ) are
decisive for the lower limit of the direction determination. The setting values must in
this case also be selected such that operational unsymmetry in the system does not
lead to a pick-up.
Teleprotection with The earth fault protection in the 7SA522 may be expanded to a directional comparison
Earth Fault protection using the integrated teleprotection logic. Additional information regarding
Protection the available teleprotection schemes and their mode of operation may be obtained
from Section 6.8. If this is to be used, certain preconditions must already be observed
when setting the earth current stage.
Initially it must be determined which stage must operate in conjunction with the
teleprotection. This stage must be set directional in the forward direction. If for
example the 3I0>–stage should operate as directional comparison, the address
2SPRGH,! is set to )RUZDUG (refer to “Definite Time Stages” above,
page 6-101).
Furthermore, the device must be informed that the applicable stage has to function
together with the teleprotection to allow undelayed release of the tripping during
internal faults. For the 3I0>–stage this means that address ,S7HOHS%, is
set to <HV. The time delay set for this stage 7,! (address ) then functions
as a back-up stage, e.g. during failure of the signal transmission. For the remaining
stages the corresponding setting parameter is set to 1R, therefore, in this example:
address ,!!7HOHS%, for the 3I0>>–stage, address ,!!!
7HOHS%, for the 3I0>>>–stage, address ,S7HOHS%, for the 3I0P–stage
(if this is used).
If the echo function is used in conjunction with the teleprotection scheme, or if the
weak-infeed tripping function should be used, the additional teleprotection stage
,R0LQ7HOHSURW (address ) must be set to avoid non-selective tripping during
through-fault earth current measurement. This setting can only be modified with
DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”. Further comments are given in Sub-section
6.8.2 under the margin heading “Earth Fault Protection Prerequisites”.
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Switching onto a It is possible to determine with a setting which stage trips without delay following
Dead Earth Fault closure onto a dead fault. The stages have the setting parameters ,!!!627)
7ULS (address ), ,!!627)7ULS (address ), ,!627)7ULS
(address ) and if required ,S627)7ULS (address ), which must
accordingly be set for each stage to either <HV or 1R. Selection of the most sensitive
stage is usually not reasonable as a solid short-circuit may be assumed following
switching onto a fault, whereas the most sensitive stage often also has to detect high
resistance faults. Transient pick-up of the selected stage, during line energization,
must be avoided.
On the other hand, it does not matter if a selected stage may pick up due to inrush
conditions on transformers (see “Inrush Stabilization” below). The switch-onto-fault
tripping of a stage is blocked by the inrush stabilization even if it is set as
instantaneous switch-onto-fault stage.
To avoid faulty pick up as a result of transient overcurrents, a time delay 627)7LPH
'(/$< (address ) can be set. The presetting is usually correct. In the case of
long cables, where large peak inrush currents can occur, a short delay may be useful.
This delay depends on how severe and how long the transient is, and which stages
are used for the switch-onto-fault tripping.
With the parameter 627)2S0RGH (address ) it is finally possible to determine
whether the fault direction must be checked (3,&.83',5(&7) or not (3,&.83),
before a switch-onto-fault tripping is generated. It is the direction setting for each stage
that applies for this direction check.
Phase Current To avoid a faulty pick-up of the stages in the case of unsymmetrical load conditions or
Stabilization varying current transformer measuring errors in earth systems, the earth current
stages are stabilized by the phase currents: the pick up thresholds are increased as
the phase currents increase (refer also to Figure 6-69). By means of the setting in
address $ ,SK67$%6ORSH the preset value of 10 % for all stages can be
jointly changed for all stages. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under
“Additional Settings”.
Inrush Stabilization The inrush stabilization is only required if the device is applied to transformer feeders
or on lines that end on a transformer; in this case also only for such stages that have
a pick-up threshold below the inrush current and have a very short or zero delay. The
parameter ,!!!,QUXVK%ON (address ), ,!!,QUXVK%ON (address
), ,!,QUXVK%ON (address ) and ,S,QUXVK%ON (address )
may be set to <HV (inrush stabilization activated) or 1R (inrush stabilization disabled)
for each stage. If the inrush stabilization has been disabled for all stages, the following
parameters are of no consequence.
For the recognition of the inrush current, the portion of second harmonic current
content referred to the fundamental current component can be set in address
QG,QUXVK5HVW. Above this threshold the inrush blocking is effective. The preset
value (15 %) should be sufficient in most cases. Lower values imply higher sensitivity
of the inrush blocking (smaller portion of second harmonic current results in blocking).
In applications on transformer feeders or lines that are terminated on transformers it
may be assumed that, if very large currents occur, a short circuit has occurred in front
of the transformer. In the event of such large currents, the inrush stabilization is
inhibited. This threshold value which is set in the address ,PD[,QUXVK5HVW,
should be larger than the maximum expected inrush current (RMS value).
7SA522 Manual 6-125
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6.7.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3101 FCT EarthFltO/C ON ON Earth Fault overcurrent function
OFF is
3102 BLOCK for Dist. with every Pickup with every Pickup Block E/F for Distance protection
with single-phase Pickup
with multi-phase Pickup
NO
3103 BLOCK 1pDeadTim YES YES Block E/F for 1pole Dead time
NO
3104A Iph-STAB. Slope 0..30 % 10 % Stabilisation Slope with Iphase
3105 3IoMin Teleprot 0.01..1.00 A 0.50 A 3Io-Min threshold for Teleprot.
schemes
3105 3IoMin Teleprot 0.003..1.000 A 0.500 A 3Io-Min threshold for Teleprot.
schemes
3170 2nd InrushRest 10..45 % 15 % 2nd harmonic ratio for inrush
restraint
3171 Imax InrushRest 0.50..25.00 A 7.50 A Max.Current, overriding inrush
restraint
3172 SOTF Op. Mode with Pickup (non-directional) with Pickup and Instantaneous mode after Swit-
with Pickup and direction direction chOnToFault
3173 SOTF Time DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Trip time delay after SOTF
3110 Op. mode 3I0>>> Forward Inactive Operating mode
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3111 3I0>>> 0.50..25.00 A 4.00 A 3I0>>> Pickup
3112 T 3I0>>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T 3I0>>> Time delay
3113 3I0>>> Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
3114 3I0>>>SOTF-Trip NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
3115 3I0>>>InrushBlk NO NO Inrush Blocking
YES
3120 Op. mode 3I0>> Forward Inactive Operating mode
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3121 3I0>> 0.20..25.00 A 2.00 A 3I0>> Pickup
3122 T 3I0>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T 3I0>> Time Delay
3123 3I0>> Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3124 3I0>> SOTF-Trip NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
3125 3I0>> InrushBlk NO NO Inrush Blocking
YES
3130 Op. mode 3I0> Forward Inactive Operating mode
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3131 3I0> 0.05..25.00 A 1.00 A 3I0> Pickup
3131 3I0> 0.003..25.000 A 1.000 A 3I0> Pickup
3132 T 3I0> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T 3I0> Time Delay
3133 3I0> Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
3134 3I0> SOTF-Trip NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
3135 3I0> InrushBlk NO NO Inrush Blocking
YES
3140 Op. mode 3I0p Forward Inactive Operating mode
Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3141 3I0p PICKUP 0.05..25.00 A 1.00 A 3I0p Pickup
3141 3I0p PICKUP 0.003..25.000 A 1.000 A 3I0p Pickup
3147 Add.T-DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Additional Time Delay
3148 3I0p Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
3149 3I0p SOTF-Trip NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
3150 3I0p InrushBlk NO NO Inrush Blocking
YES
3142 3I0p MinT-DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec 1.20 sec 3I0p Minimum Time Delay
3143 3I0p Time Dial 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec 3I0p Time Dial
3144 3I0p Time Dial 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 3I0p Time Dial
3145 3I0p Time Dial 0.05..15.00 sec; ∞ 1.35 sec 3I0p Time Dial
3146 3I0p MaxT-DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec 5.80 sec 3I0p Maximum Time Delay
3151 IEC Curve Normal Inverse Normal Inverse IEC Curve
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Long time inverse
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3152 ANSI Curve Inverse Inverse ANSI Curve
Short Inverse
Long Inverse
Moderately Inverse
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Definite Inverse
3153 LOG Curve Logarithmic inverse Logarithmic LOGARITHMIC Curve
inverse
3154 3I0p Startpoint 1.0..4.0 1.1 Start point of inverse characteri-
stic
3160 POLARIZATION with U0 and IY (dual polari- with U0 and IY Polarization
zed) (dual polarized)
with IY (transformer star
point current)
with U2 and I2 (negative
sequence)
3162A Dir. ALPHA 0..360 ° 338 ° ALPHA, lower angle for forward
direction
3163A Dir. BETA 0..360 ° 122 ° BETA, upper angle for forward
direction
3164 3U0> 0.5..10.0 V 0.5 V Min. zero seq.voltage 3U0 for
polarizing
3165 IY> 0.05..1.00 A 0.05 A Min. earth current IY for polari-
zing
3166 3U2> 0.5..10.0 V 0.5 V Min. neg. seq. polarizing voltage
3U2
3167 3I2> 0.05..1.00 A 0.05 A Min. neg. seq. polarizing current
3I2
The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings refer to
IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A these values are to be multiplied by 5.
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6.7.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
1305 >EF BLK 3I0>>> >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0>>>
1307 >EF BLOCK 3I0>> >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0>>
1308 >EF BLOCK 3I0> >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0>
1309 >EF BLOCK 3I0p >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0p
1310 >EF InstTRIP >Earth Fault O/C Instantaneous trip
1331 E/F Prot. OFF Earth fault protection is switched OFF
1332 E/F BLOCK Earth fault protection is BLOCKED
1333 E/F ACTIVE Earth fault protection is ACTIVE
1345 EF Pickup Earth fault protection PICKED UP
1354 EF 3I0>>>Pickup E/F 3I0>>> PICKED UP
1355 EF 3I0>> Pickup E/F 3I0>> PICKED UP
1356 EF 3I0> Pickup E/F 3I0> PICKED UP
1357 EF 3I0p Pickup E/F 3I0p PICKED UP
1358 EF forward E/F picked up FORWARD
1359 EF reverse E/F picked up REVERSE
1361 EF Trip E/F General TRIP command
1366 EF 3I0>>> TRIP E/F 3I0>>> TRIP
1367 EF 3I0>> TRIP E/F 3I0>> TRIP
1368 EF 3I0> TRIP E/F 3I0> TRIP
1369 EF 3I0p TRIP E/F 3I0p TRIP
1370 EF InrushPU E/F Inrush picked up
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6.8 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional)
With the aid of the integrated comparison logic, the directional earth fault protection
according to Section 6.7 can be expanded to a directional comparison protection
scheme.
Teleprotection One of the stages which must be directional and set )RUZDUG is used for the
Methods directional comparison. This stage can only trip if a fault is also seen in the forward
direction at the other line end. A release (unblock) signal or a block signal can be
transmitted. The following teleprotection schemes are differentiated:
Permissive (release) schemes:
• Directional comparison,
• Directional unblock scheme.
Blocking scheme:
• Blocking of the directional stage.
A further stage may be set as a non directional back up stage.
Signal For the signal transmission, one channel in each direction is required. For example,
Transmission fibre optic connections or voice frequency modulated high frequency channels via pilot
Channels cables, power line carrier or microwave radio links can be used for this purpose. If the
same transmission channel as for the transmission by the distance protection (Section
6.6) is used, the signalling logic must also be the same!
If the device is equipped with an optional protection data interface, digital
communication lines can be used for signal processing; these include: Fibre optic
cables, communication networks or dedicated lines. The following teleprotection
scheme is suited for these kinds of transmission:
• Directional comparison
The signal transmission schemes are also suited to three terminal lines (teed feeders).
In this case, signal transmission channels are required from each of the three ends to
each of the others in both directions.
During disturbances in the receiver or on the transmission path, the teleprotection
supplement may be blocked via a binary input.
During disturbances on the transmission path, the teleprotection supplement may be
blocked. With conventional signal transmission schemes, the disturbance is signalled
by a binary input, with digital communication it is detected automatically by the
protection device.
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6.8.1 Method of Operation
Switching On and The teleprotection function can be switched on and off by means of the parameter
Off )&77HOHS(), or via the system interface (if available) and via binary input
(if this is allocated). The switched state is saved internally (refer to Figure 6-72) and
secured against loss of auxiliary supply. It is only possible to switch on from the source
where previously it had been switched off from. To be active, it is necessary that the
function is switched on from all three switching sources.
)&77HOHS()
ON
„1“
OFF
EF TeleprotOFF S ≥1
EF Telep. OFF
EF Teleprot.ON R
System port: EF Telep. OFF S
System port: EF Telep. ON R
Figure 6-72 Switching on and off of the signal transmission logic
6.8.1.1 Directional Comparison Scheme
The following procedure is suited for both conventional and digital transmission media.
Principle The directional comparison scheme is a permissive scheme. In Figure 6-73 the
operation scheme is shown.
When the earth fault protection recognizes a fault in the forward direction, it initially
sends a permissive signal to the opposite line end. If a permissive signal is also
received from the remote end, the trip signal is passed on to the tripping relay.
Accordingly it is a prerequisite for fast tripping that the fault is recognized in the forward
direction at both line ends.
The send signal can be prolonged by TS (parameter setting). The prolongation of the
send signal only comes into effect if the protection has already issued a trip command.
This ensures that the permissive signal releases the opposite line end even if the earth
fault is very rapidly cleared by a different independent protection.
7SA522 Manual 6-131
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A B
E/F. E/F.
frwd. TS ≥1 transm. transm ≥1 TS frwd.
& &
& trip trip &
rec. rec.
Figure 6-73 Operation scheme of the directional comparison method
Sequence Figure 6-74 shows the logic diagram of the directional comparison scheme for one line
end.
The directional comparison only functions for faults in the “forward” direction.
Accordingly the over current stage intended for operation in the direction comparison
mode must definitely be set to )RUZDUG (,',5(&7,21); refer also to Sub-
section 6.7.2 under the margin heading “Teleprotection with Earth Fault Protection”.
On three terminal lines, the send signal is routed to both opposite line ends. The
receive signals are then combined with a logical AND gate, as all three line ends must
transmit a send signal during an internal fault. Via the setting parameter /LQH
&RQILJ (address ), the device is informed as to whether it has one or two
opposite line ends. With digital communication this is detected automatically the
protection device.
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking” (refer to Sub-section 6.8.1.4).
On feeders with only a single-sided infeed or where the star-point is only earthed
behind one line end, the line end without zero sequence current cannot generate a
permissive signal, as fault detection does not take place there. To ensure tripping by
the directional comparison even in this case the device contains a special function.
This “Weak Infeed Function” (echo function) is referred to in Sub-section 6.8.1.5. It is
activated when a signal is received from the opposite line end — in the case of three
terminal lines from at least one of the opposite line ends — without the device having
detected a fault.
The circuit breaker can also be tripped at the line end with no or only weak infeed. This
“Weak-Infeed Tripping” is referred to in Section 6.9.
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FNo 1381
EF Telep. off EF TeleprotOFF
FNo 1313 ≥1
EF TeleprotBLK
&
Transient blocking
Trip command 6HQG3URORQJ
FNo 1384
& 0 T
&
EF forward ≥1 EF Tele SEND
&
EF Pickup Weak infeed
& tripping
5HOHDVH'HOD\ acc. Fig. 6-84
T 0
/LQH&RQILJ
FNo 1318
>EF Rec.Ch1
FNo 1319 Two terminals Echo function
&
>EF Rec.Ch2 Three terminals ≥1 section 6.8.1.5
&
EF Enable Trip
Two terminals ≥1
„1“ Three terminals
Figure 6-74 Logic diagram of the directional comparison scheme (one line end)
Figure 6-74 shows the logic diagram of the directional comparison scheme for one line
end with protection interface.
For earth fault protection, only directional comparison pickup is offered for
transmission via protection interface. The directional comparison pickup scheme is
only effective if the parameter 7HOHSURW() has been set to 'LUHFWLRQ
&RPSDULVRQRYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH in all devices of the setup. In the
event of an error, the indication 3DUGLIIHUHQWis output.
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FNo 1381
E/F Teleprotection EF Telep. OFF
FNo 1313 ≥1
>EF TeleprotBlk
Teleprot. E/F
„0” Directional Comp. PU
from FNo 3464 Dir. Comp. over PI
PI Topol complete Teleprotection
Data Interface
FNo 1386 &
EF TeleTransBlk
6HQG3URORQJ
TRIP Command FNo 1384
EF forward & 0 T ≥1 & EF Tele SEND
&
EF G PU
5HOHDVH'HOD\
T 0
/LQH&RQILJ Echofunction
& with
7ZR7HUPLQDOV ≥1 weak infeed
FNo 1318 „1“ 7KUHH7HUPLQDOV
>EF Rec. Ch1
&
FNo 1319 7ZR7HUP Teleprot. E/F
>EF Rec. Ch2 7KUHH7HUP
„1“ Directional Comp. PU
&
Dir. Comp. over PI EF Release TRIP
FNo 1394
EF Rec. L1 Dev2 &
≥1
FNo 1395
EF Rec. L2 Dev2
FNo 1396
From Protection Interface
EF Rec. L3 Dev2
FNo 4248
Echo Rec. Dev2
Week-Infeed
FNo 1397 tripping
≥1 &
EF Rec. L1 Dev3
refer to Fig. 6-84
FNo 1398
EF Rec. L2 Dev3
FNo 1399
EF Rec. L3 Dev3
FNo 4249
Echo Rec. Dev3
Figure 6-75 Logic diagram of the directional comparison scheme with protection interface
(for device 1)
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6.8.1.2 Directional Unblocking Scheme
The following scheme is suited for conventional transmission media.
Principle The unblocking method is a permissive scheme. The difference to the Directional
Comparison Scheme (Sub-section 6.8.1.1) lies in that tripping is also possible when
no permissive signal from the opposite line end is received. Accordingly it is mainly
used on long lines where the signal is transmitted via the protected feeder by means
of power line carrier (PLC) and the attenuation in the signal transmission path at the
fault location can be so severe that reception of the signal from the opposite line end
cannot necessarily be guaranteed. A special unblock logic takes effect here.
Figure 6-76 shows the operation scheme.
Two signal frequencies which are keyed by the transmit output of the 7SA522 are
required for the transmission. If the transmission device has a channel monitoring,
then the monitoring frequency f0 is keyed over to the working frequency fU (unblocking
frequency) fU. When the protection recognizes an earth fault in the forward direction,
it initiates the transmission of the unblock frequency fU. During the quiescent state or
during an earth fault in the reverse direction, the monitoring frequency f0 is
transmitted.
If the unblock frequency fU is faultlessly received from the opposite end, a release
signal is routed to the trip logic. A pre-condition for fast fault clearance is therefore that
the earth fault is recognized in the forward direction at both line ends.
The send signal can be prolonged by TS (parameter setting). The prolongation of the
send signal only comes into effect if the protection has already issued a trip command.
This ensures that the permissive signal releases the opposite line end even if the earth
fault is very rapidly cleared by a different independent protection.
A B
E/F. fU fU E/F.
frwd. TS ≥1 transm. f f0 transm.
≥1 TS frwd.
& 0 &
& trip trip &
U U
unblock- unblock-
B rec. rec. B
logic logic
f0 – quiescent frequency (monit. frequency) U – unblocking signal
fU – unblocking frequency (send frequency) B – blocking signal
Figure 6-76 Operation scheme of the directional unblocking method
Sequence Figure 6-77 shows the logic diagram of the unblocking scheme for one line end.
The directional unblocking scheme only functions for faults in the “forward” direction.
Accordingly the overcurrent stage intended for operation in the direction comparison
mode must definitely be set to )RUZDUG (,',5(&7,21); refer also to Sub-
section 6.7.2 under the margin heading “Teleprotection with Earth Fault Protection”.
7SA522 Manual 6-135
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On three terminal lines, the send signal is routed to both opposite line ends. The
receive signals are then combined with a logical AND gate, as all three line ends must
transmit a send signal during an internal fault.
Via the setting parameter /LQH&RQILJ (address ), the device is informed as
to whether it has one or two opposite line ends.
If the unblock frequency fu is received without interference, it is — in the case of three
terminal lines both receive signals combined by AND — used to release tripping. If the
transmitted signal does not reach the other line end because the short circuit on the
protected feeder causes too much attenuation or reflection of the transmitted signal,
the unblock logic takes effect: neither the unblock signal “!()8%XE” nor the
monitoring signal “!()8%EO” are received. In this event, the release state in the
logic is set after a security margin of 20 ms. With the timer stage 100/100 ms this
release is however removed after a further 100 ms. If the interference signal
disappears again the quiescent state is reached again after a further 100 ms (reset
delay of the timer 100/100 ms). On three terminal lines, the unblock logic can be
controlled via both receive channels.
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking” (refer to Sub-section 6.8.1.4).
On lines where there is only a single sided infeed or where the starpoint is only earthed
behind one line end, the line end without zero sequence current cannot generate a
permissive signal, as fault detection does not take place there. To also ensure tripping
by the directional comparison in this case the device has special features. This “Weak
Infeed Function” is referred to in Sub-section 6.8.1.5. It is activated when a signal is
received from the opposite line end — on three terminal lines, from at least one of the
opposite ends — without the device recognizing an earth fault.
The circuit breaker can also be tripped at the line end with no or only weak infeed. This
“Weak-Infeed Tripping” is referred to in Section 6.9.
6-136 7SA522 Manual
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FNo 1381
EF Telep. off EF Telep. OFF
FNo 1313 ≥1
>EF TeleprotBLK
&
Transient blocking
Trip command 6HQG3URORQJ
FNo 1384
& 0 T
&
EF forwards ≥1 EF Tele SEND
&
EF Pickup
5HOHDVH'HOD\
T 0
FNo 1320
>EF UB ub 1
&
FNo 1321 ≥1 Echo function
& &
>EF UB bl 1 ≥1 section 6.8.1.5
&
FNo 1387
10 0
EF TeleUB Fail1
s
20 0 100 100 &
/LQH&RQILJ
≥1 EF Enable TripS
ms ms
FNo 1322
>EF UB ub 12
Two terminals FNo 1388
& 10 0
Three terminals EF TeleUB Fail2
FNo 1323 s
>EF UB bl 2 Two terminals
& Week-Infeed
& ≥1 &
Three terminals ≥1 tripping
Two terminals acc. Fig. 6-84
„1“ Three terminals
Figure 6-77 Logic diagram of the unblocking scheme (one line end)
6.8.1.3 Directional Blocking Scheme
The following scheme is suited for conventional transmission media.
Principle In the case of the blocking scheme, the transmission channel is used to send a block
signal from one line end to the other. The signal transmission may be started
immediately after fault inception (jump detector) and is stopped as soon as the earth
fault protection recognizes a fault in the forward direction, alternatively the signal is
only sent when the earth fault protection detects the fault in the reverse direction. On
the other hand the signal will be maintained if the fault is in reverse direction. If the
signal is sent with jump detections (i. e. ()7HOH%/-XPS is routed in parallel
with ()7HOH6(1'), only a short delay to allow for signal transmission is
required before the directional E/F trips. Tripping is possible with this scheme even if
no signal is received from the opposite line end. It is therefore mainly used for long
lines when the signal must be transmitted across the protected feeder by means of
power line carrier (PLC) and the attenuation of the transmitted signal at the fault
7SA522 Manual 6-137
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location may be so severe that reception at the other line cannot necessarily be
guaranteed.
In Figure 6-78 the operation scheme is shown.
Earth faults in the forward direction cause tripping if a blocking signal is not received
from the opposite line end. Due to possible differences in the pick up time delays of
the devices at both line ends and due to the signal transmission time delay, the tripping
must be somewhat delayed by TV in this case.
To avoid signal race conditions, a transmit signal can be prolonged by the settable
time TS once it has been initiated.
A B
d d
dt
(u,i) dt
(u,i)
(A) 40 ms 40 ms (B)
E/F. E/F.
forwd. forwd.
TS ≥1 transm. transm. ≥1 TS
3I0 Min & & 3I0 Min
Telep. Telep.
EF TV & & TV EF
trip trip
FD FD
rec. rec.
EF/FD = Pickup by any E/F stage
Figure 6-78 Operation scheme of the directional blocking method
Sequence Figure 6-78 shows the logic diagram of the blocking scheme for one line end.
The stage to be blocked must be set to )RUZDUG (,',5(&7,21); also refer
to Sub-section 6.7.2 under margin heading „Teleprotection with Earth Fault
Protection“.
The occurrence of erroneous signals resulting from transients during clearance of
external faults or from direction reversal resulting during the clearance of faults on
parallel lines, is neutralized by the “Transient Blocking”. It prolongs the blocking signal
by the transient blocking time 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address $), if it has been
present for the minimum duration equal to the waiting time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH
(address $).
It lies in the nature of the blocking scheme that earth faults with single sided infeed can
be rapidly cleared without any special measures, as the non feeding end does not
generate a blocking signal.
On three terminal lines, the transmit signal is sent to both opposite line ends. The
receive signal is then combined with a logical OR gate as no blocking signal must be
received from any line end during an internal fault. With the setting parameter /LQH
&RQILJ (address ) the device is informed as to whether it has one or two
opposite line ends.
6-138 7SA522 Manual
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FNo 1381
EF Telep. off EF Telep. OFF
FNo 1313 ≥1
>EF TeleprotBLK
&
EF TeleTransBlk
d FNo 1390
IL1, IL2, IL3 (u,i) &
dt EF Tele BL Jump
UL1, UL2, UL3 (A) 40 ms
3IoMin Teleprot
6HQG3URORQJ
IE FNo 1384
3I0 & 0 T & EF Tele SEND
EF forward
FNo 1389
& EF Tele BL STOP
&
/LQH&RQILJ
FNo 1318
>EF Rec.Ch1 &
≥1 EF Enable Trip
FNo 1319 Three terminals
>EF Rec.Ch2 Two terminals
FNo 1386
79 & EF TeleTransBlk
T 0 T T
EF Pickup
7U%ON:DLW7LPH
7U%ON%ORFN7LPH
Figure 6-79 Logic diagram of the blocking scheme (one line end)
6.8.1.4 Transient Blocking
Transient blocking provides additional security against erroneous signals due to
transients caused by clearance of an external fault or by fault direction reversal during
clearance of a fault on a parallel line.
The principle of transient blocking scheme is that following the incidence of an external
fault, the formation of a release signal is prevented for a certain (settable) time. In the
case of permissive schemes, this is achieved by blocking of the transmit and receive
circuit.
Figure 6-79 shows the principle of the transient blocking for a directional comparison
and directional unblocking scheme.
If a fault in the reverse direction is detected within the waiting time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH
(address $) following fault detection, the transmit circuit and the trip release are
inhibited. This blocking is maintained for the duration of the transient blocking time
7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address $) also after the reset of the blocking criterion.
In the case of the blocking scheme, the transient blocking prolongs the received
blocking signal as shown in the logic diagram Figure 6-78.
7SA522 Manual 6-139
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Functions
EF Telep. off ≥1 FNr 1386
FNr 1313 & EF TeleTransBlk
>EF TeleprotBLK
3IoMin Teleprot
IE
3I0 ≥1
7U%ON:DLW7LPH
EF Pickup transient
& T blocking
EF forward T Figure 6-74
or 6-77
7U%ON%ORFN7LPH
Figure 6-80 Transient blocking for a directional comparison and directional unblocking
schemes
6.8.1.5 Measures for Weak or Zero Infeed
On lines where there is only a single sided infeed or where the star-point is only
earthed behind one line end, the line end without zero sequence current cannot
generate a permissive signal, as fault detection does not take place there. With the
comparison schemes, using a permissive signal, fast tripping could not even be
achieved at the line end with strong infeed without special measures, as the end with
weak infeed does not transmit a permissive release signal.
To achieve rapid tripping at both line ends under these conditions, the device has a
special supplement for lines with weak zero sequence infeed.
To enable even the line end with the weak infeed to trip, 7SA522 provides a weak
infeed tripping supplement. As this is a separate protection function with a dedicated
trip command, it is described in a separate section (6.9).
Echo Function Figure 6-81 shows the method of operation of the echo function. It may be switched in
address )&7:HDN,QIHHG (Weak Infeed MODE) to be activated ((&+2
RQO\) or to be deactivated (2))). By means of this “switch” the weak infeed tripping
function can also be activated ((&+2DQG75,3, refer also to Section 6.9). This
setting is common to the teleprotection function for the distance protection and for the
earth fault protection.
The received signal at the line end that has no earth current is returned to the other
line end as an “echo” by the echo function. The received echo signal at the other line
end enables the release of the trip command.
The detection of the weak infeed condition and accordingly the requirement for an
echo are combined in a central AND gate. The earth fault protection must neither be
switched off nor blocked, as it would otherwise always produce an echo due to the
missing fault detection.
The essential condition for an echo is the absence of an earth current (current stage
,R0LQ7HOHSURW) with the simultaneous reception signal from the teleprotection
scheme logic, as shown in the corresponding logic diagrams (Figure 6-74 or 6-77).
To prevent the generation of an echo signal after the line has been tripped and the
earth current stage ,R0LQ7HOHSURW has reset, it is not possible to generate an
echo if a fault detection by the earth current stage had already been present (RS flip-
flop in Figure 6-81). In any event, the echo may be blocked at any time via the binary
input „!()%ON(FKR“.
6-140 7SA522 Manual
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If the conditions for an echo signal are met, a short delay 7ULS(FKR'(/$<is
initially activated. This delay is necessary to avoid transmission of the echo if the
protection at the weak line end has a longer fault detection time during reverse faults
or if it picks up a little later due to unfavourable short-circuit current distribution. If
however the circuit breaker at the non-feeding line end is open, this delay of the echo
signal is not required. The echo delay time may then be bypassed. The circuit breaker
switching state is provided by the central information control functions. (refer to
Section 6.19).
The echo impulse is then transmitted (alarm output “(&+26,*1$/”), the duration of
which can be set with the parameter 7ULS(;7(16,21.
Note:
The “(&+26,*1$/” (F.No. 4246) must be separately assigned to the output relay
that is used for signal transmission, as it is not included in the transmit signal
“EF Tele SEND”.
After transmission of the echo impulse, the transmission of a new echo is prevented
for at least 20 ms. This prevents from repetition of an echo after the line has been
switched off.
The echo function is not required for the blocking scheme, and is therefore ineffective.
)&7:HDN,QIHHG Echo release by
OFF the distance prot.
(ref. to Fig. 6-64
„1“ ECHO only
≥1
,R0LQ7HOHSURW ECHO and TRIP
IE
3I0 ≥1 7LPH'(/$<
EF Pickup S Q 7ULS(;7(16,21
& ≥1
& R T 0
EF OFF/BLOCK &
≥1 4246 ECHO SIGNAL
T
from rec. logic
(Fig. 6-74 or 6-77)
&
1324 >EF BlkEcho
20 0
CB open (3pole) Q S
ms
R &
Figure 6-81 Logic diagram of the echo function for the earth fault protection with teleprotection
7SA522 Manual 6-141
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6.8.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
General The teleprotection supplement for earth fault protection is only operational if it was set
to one of the available modes during the configuration of the device (address ).
Depending on this configuration, only those parameters which are applicable to the
selected mode appear here. If the teleprotection supplement is not required the
address is set to 7HOHSURW() = 'LVDEOHG. In protective relays equipped
with one or two protection data interfaces, at address 7HOHSURW() the extra
setting option 'LUHFWLRQDO&RPSDULVRQRYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH is
displayed.
Conventional The following modes are possible with conventional transmission links:
Transmission
− 'LU&RPS3LFNXS=Directional Comparison Scheme, as described in Sub-
section 6.8.1.1,
− 8QEORFNLQJ = Directional Unblocking Scheme, as described in Sub-section
6.8.1.2,
− %ORFNLQJ = Directional Blocking Scheme, as described in Sub-section
6.8.1.3.
In address )&77HOHS() the application of teleprotection can be switched
21 or 2)).
If the teleprotection has to be applied to a three terminal line the setting in address
must be /LQH&RQILJ = 7KUHHWHUPLQDOV, if not, the setting remains 7ZR
WHUPLQDOV.
Digital The following mode is possible with digital transmission using the protection data
Transmission interface:
− 'LU&RPS3LFNXS Directional Comparison Scheme, as described in Section
6.8.1.1.
The desired mode is selected at address )&77HOHS(). Here, the use of
a signal transmission mode can also be switched 21 or 2)). The address /LQH
&RQILJ is not relevant in that case. The earth fault directional comparison pickup
scheme is only effective if the parameter 7HOHSURW() has been set to
'LUHFWLRQDO&RPSDULVRQRYHU3URWHFWLRQ,QWHUIDFH in all devices of the
setup.
Earth Fault In the application of the comparison schemes, absolute care must be taken that both
Protection line ends recognize an external earth fault (earth fault through-current) in order to
Prerequisites avoid a faulty echo signal in the case of the permissive schemes, or in order to ensure
the blocking signal in the case of the blocking scheme. If, during an earth fault
according to Figure 6-82, the protection at B does not recognize the fault, this would
be interpreted as a fault with single sided infeed from A (echo from B or no blocking
signal from B), which would lead to unwanted tripping by the protection at A. For this
reason, the earth fault protection has an earth current stage ,R0LQ7HOHSURW
(address ). This stage must be set more sensitive than the earth current stage
used for the teleprotection. The larger the capacitive earth current (IEC in Figure 6-82)
is the smaller this stage must be set. On overhead lines a setting equal to 70 % to
80 % of the earth current stage is usually adequate. On cables or very long lines where
the capacitive currents in the event of an earth fault are of the same order of
magnitude as the earth fault currents the echo function should not be used or
restricted to the case where the circuit breaker is open; the blocking scheme should
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not be used under these conditions at all. This setting can only be modified with
DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
A B
CE
IEA IEC IEB = IEA – IEC
Figure 6-82 Possible current distribution during external earth fault
On three terminal lines (teed feeders) it should further be noted that the earth fault
current is not equally distributed on the line ends during an external fault. The most
unfavourable case is shown in Figure 6-83. In this case, the earth current flowing in
from A is distributed equally on the line ends B and C. The setting value ,R0LQ
7HOHSURW (address ), which is decisive for the echo or the blocking signal, must
therefore be set smaller than one half of the setting value for the earth current stage
used for teleprotection. In addition, the above comments regarding the capacitive
earth current which is left out in Figure 6-83 apply. If the earth current distribution is
different from the distribution assumed here, the conditions are more favourable as
one of the two earth currents IEB or IEC must then be larger than in the situation
described previously.
A B
IEA = IEB + IEC IEB
IEC
Figure 6-83 Possible unfavourable current distribution on a three terminal line during an
external earth fault.
Time Settings The send signal prolongation 6HQG3URORQJ (address $) must ensure that the
transmitted signal reliably reaches the opposite line end, even if tripping is very fast at
the sending line end and/or the signal transmission time (channel delay) is relatively
long. In the case of the permissive schemes 'LU&RPS3LFNXS and 81%/2&.,1*
this signal prolongation only comes into effect if the device has already issued a trip
command. This ensures the release of the other line end even if the short-circuit is
cleared very rapidly by a different protection function or other stage. In the case of the
blocking scheme %/2&.,1* the transmit signal is always prolonged by this time. In
this case it corresponds to a transient blocking following a reverse fault. This setting
can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The release of the directional tripping can be delayed by means of the permissive
signal delay 5HOHDVH'HOD\ (address ). This is only required for the blocking
scheme %/2&.,1* to allow sufficient transmission time for the blocking signal during
7SA522 Manual 6-143
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external faults. This delay only has an effect on the receive circuit of the teleprotection;
conversely tripping by the comparison protection is not delayed by the set time delay
of the directional stage.
Transient Blocking The setting parameters 7U%ON:DLW7LPH and 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH are for the
transient blocking with the comparison protection. This setting can only be modified
with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH (address $) is a waiting time prior to transient
blocking. In the case of the permissive schemes, only once the directional stage of the
earth fault protection has recognized a fault in the reverse direction, within this period
of time after fault detection, will the transient blocking be activated. In the case of the
blocking scheme, the waiting time prevents transient blocking in the event that the
blocking signal reception from the opposite line end is very fast. With the setting ∞
there is no transient blocking.
The transient blocking time 7U%ON%ORFN7LPH (address $) must definitely be
set longer than the duration of severe transients resulting from the inception or
clearance of external faults. The transmit signal is delayed by this time in the case of
the permissive protection schemes 'LU&RPS3LFNXS and 81%/2&.,1* if the
protection had initially detected a reverse fault. In the case of the blocking scheme
%/2&.,1* the received (blocking) signal is prolonged by this time.
The preset value should be sufficient in most cases.
Echo Function In the case of line ends with weak infeed, or not sufficient earth current, the echo
function is sensible for the permissive scheme so that the infeeding line end can be
released. The echo function may be activated under address )&7:HDN
,QIHHG ((&+2RQO\) or deactivated (2))). With this “switch” it is also possible to
activate the weak infeed tripping ((&+2DQG75,3, refer also to Section 6.9).
The comments above regarding the setting of the current stage ,R0LQ7HOHSURW
(address ) must be noted as well as the margin heading “Earth Fault Protection
Prerequisites”.
The echo delay time 7ULS(FKR'(/$< (address $) must be set long enough
to ensure that no unwanted echo signals are generated due to differences in the pick-
up times of the earth fault protection fault detection at the two line ends during external
faults (through-fault current). Typical setting is approx. 40 ms (presetting). This setting
can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
The echo impulse duration 7ULS(;7(16,21 (address $) may be matched to
the configuration data of the signal transmission equipment. It must be set long
enough to ensure that the received signal is reliably detected taking into consideration
possible differences in the operating times of the protection and transmission
equipment at the two line ends. In most cases approx. 50 ms (presetting) is sufficient.
This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Note:
The “(&+26,*1$/” (FNo ) must be allocated separately to the output relays for
the transmitter actuation, as it is not contained in the transmit signals of the transmis-
sion functions. On the digital protection data interface with permissive overreach
transfer trip mode, the echo is transmitted as a separate signal without taking any spe-
cial measures (Figure 6-56).
6-144 7SA522 Manual
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The echo function settings are common to all weak infeed measures and summarized
in tabular form in Section 6.9.
6.8.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3201 FCT Telep. E/F ON ON Teleprotection for Earth Fault O/
OFF C
3202 Line Config. Two Terminals Two Terminals Line Configuration
Three Terminals
3203A Send Prolong. 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Time for send signal prolonga-
tion
3207A Delay for alarm 0.00..30.00 sec 10.00 sec Unblocking: Time Delay for
Alarm
3208 Release Delay 0.000..30.000 sec 0.000 sec Time Delay for release after pik-
kup
3209A TrBlk Wait Time 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.04 sec Transient Block.: Duration exter-
nal flt.
3210A TrBlk BlockTime 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Transient Block.: Blk.T. after ext.
flt.
6.8.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
1311 >EF Teleprot.ON >E/F Teleprotection ON
1312 >EF TeleprotOFF >E/F Teleprotection OFF
1313 >EF TeleprotBLK >E/F Teleprotection BLOCK
1318 >EF Rec.Ch1 >E/F Carrier RECEPTION, Channel 1
1319 >EF Rec.Ch2 >E/F Carrier RECEPTION, Channel 2
1320 >EF UB ub 1 >E/F Unblocking: UNBLOCK, Channel 1
1321 >EF UB bl 1 >E/F Unblocking: BLOCK, Channel 1
1322 >EF UB ub 2 >E/F Unblocking: UNBLOCK, Channel 2
1323 >EF UB bl 2 >E/F Unblocking: BLOCK, Channel 2
1324 >EF BlkEcho >E/F BLOCK Echo Signal
1380 EF TeleON/offBI E/F Teleprot. ON/OFF via BI
1381 EF Telep. OFF E/F Teleprotection is switched OFF
1384 EF Tele SEND E/F Telep. Carrier SEND signal
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F.No. Alarm Comments
1386 EF TeleTransBlk E/F Telep. Transient Blocking
1387 EF TeleUB Fail1 E/F Telep. Unblocking: FAILURE Channel 1
1388 EF TeleUB Fail2 E/F Telep. Unblocking: FAILURE Channel 2
1389 EF Tele BL STOP E/F Telep. Blocking: carrier STOP signal
1390 EF Tele BL Jump E/F Tele.Blocking: Send signal with jump
1391 EF Rec.L1 Dev1 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device1
1392 EF Rec.L2 Dev1 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device1
1393 EF Rec.L3 Dev1 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device1
1394 EF Rec.L1 Dev2 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device2
1395 EF Rec.L2 Dev2 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device2
1396 EF Rec.L3 Dev2 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device2
1397 EF Rec.L1 Dev3 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Device3
1398 EF Rec.L2 Dev3 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Device3
1399 EF Rec.L3 Dev3 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Device3
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6.9 Weak-Infeed Tripping
6.9.1 Method of Operation
In cases, where there is no or only weak infeed present at one line end, the distance
protection does not pick up there during a short-circuit on the line.
If there is no or only a very small zero sequence current at one line end during an earth
fault, the earth fault protection can also not function.
By coordinating the weak infeed function with the teleprotection in conjunction with
distance protection (refer to Section 6.6) and/or the teleprotection in conjunction with
earth fault protection (refer to Section 6.8), fast tripping can also be achieved at both
line ends in the above cases.
At the strong infeed line end, the distance protection can always trip instantaneously
for faults inside zone Z1. With permissive teleprotection schemes, fast tripping for
faults on 100 % of the line length is achieved by activation of the echo function (refer
to Sub-section 6.6.1.7). This provides the permissive release of the trip signal at the
strong infeed line end.
The permissive teleprotection scheme in conjunction with the earth fault protection
can also achieve release of the trip signal at the strong infeed line end by means of
the echo function (refer to Sub-section 6.8.1.5).
In many cases tripping of the circuit breaker at the weak infeeding line end is also
desired. For this purpose the device 7SA522 has a dedicated protection function with
dedicated trip command.
In Figure 6-84 the logic diagram of the weak-infeed tripping is shown. It may be
activated in address )&7:HDN,QIHHG (Weak Infeed MODE) ((&+2DQG
75,3) or deactivated (2))). If this “switch” is set to (&+2RQO\, the tripping is also
disabled; however the echo function to release the infeeding line end is activated
(refer also to Sub-section 6.6.1.7 and 6.8.1.5). The tripping function can be blocked at
any time via the binary input “!%/2&.:HDN,QI”.
The logic for the detection of a weak-infeed condition is built up per phase in
conjunction with the distance protection and additionally once for the earth fault
protection. This allows single-pole tripping in conjunction with the distance protection
assuming the device version has the single-pole tripping option.
In the event of a short circuit, it may be assumed that only a small voltage appears at
the line end with the weak-infeed condition, as the small fault current only produces a
small voltage drop in the short-circuit loop. In the event of zero-infeed, the loop voltage
is approximately zero. The weak-infeed tripping is therefore dependent on the
measured undervoltage which is also used for the selection of the faulty phase.
If a signal is received from the opposite line end without fault detection by the local
protection, this indicates that there is a fault on the protected feeder. In the case of
three terminal lines, a receive signal from neither of the two opposite ends may be
present.
After a security margin time of 40 ms following the start of the receive signal, the weak-
infeed tripping is released if the remaining conditions are satisfied: undervoltage,
circuit breaker closed and no fault detection.
7SA522 Manual 6-147
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)&7:HDN,QIHHG
OFF
„1“ ECHO only
ECHO and TRIP
FNr 4203 &
>BLOCK Weak
81'(592/7
UL1 Undervoltage
UL1
CB closed L1 &
PICKUP L1
S Q &
& 4232 W/I Pickup L1
81'(592/7 & R
≥1
UL2
UL2
CB closed L2 &
PICKUP L2
S Q &
4233 W/I Pickup L2
&
81'(592/7 & R
≥1
UL3
UL3
CB closed L3 &
PICKUP L3
S Q &
4234 W/I Pickup L3
VT loss & R &
≥1
with Distance Protection
Tripping withi
Weak
Infeed 7ULS(;7(16,21
from Figure
6-54, 6-57,
6-59 & T T
ms
Dist OFF/BLOCK 7ULS(FKR'(/$<
,R0LQ7HOHSURW with Earth Fault Protection
IE
3I0 ≥1
S Q
EF Pickup &
& R
Tripping with
Weak
Infeed & T T
from Figure
6-74, 6-74, ms
6-77
7ULS(;7(16,21
EF OFF/BLOCK
7ULS(FKR'(/$<
Figure 6-84 Logic diagram of the weak infeed tripping
6-148 7SA522 Manual
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To avoid a faulty pick up of the weak infeed function following tripping of the line and
reset of the fault detection, the function cannot pick up any more once a fault detection
in the affected phase was present (RS flip-flop in Figure 6-84).
In the case of the earth fault protection, the release signal is routed via the phase
segregated logic modules. Single-phase tripping is therefore also possible if, besides
the distance protection, the earth fault protection also issues a release condition.
6.9.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
It is a prerequisite for the operation of the weak infeed function that it was enabled
during the configuration of the device (Section 5.1) under address :HDN,QIHHG
= (QDEOHG.
With the parameter )&7:HDN,QIHHG (address ) it is determined whether the
device shall trip during a weak infeed condition or not. With the setting (&+2DQG
75,3 both the echo function and the weak infeed tripping function are activated. With
the setting (&+2RQO\ the echo function for provision of the release signal at the
infeeding line end is activated. There is however no tripping at the line end with
missing or weak infeed condition. As the weak-infeed measures are dependent on the
signal reception from the opposite line end, they only make sense if the protection is
coordinated with teleprotection (refer to Section 6.6 and/or 6.8).
The receive signal is a functional component of the trip condition. Accordingly, the
weak infeed tripping function must not be used with the blocking schemes. It is only
permissible with the permissive schemes and the comparison schemes with release
signals. In all other cases it should be switched off in address 2)). In such cases
it is better to disable this function from the onset by selecting the setting in address
to 'LVDEOHG, during the device configuration. The associated parameters are
then not accessible.
The undervoltage setting value 81'(592/7$*( (address ) must in any event be
set below the minimum expected operational phase–earth voltage. The lower limit for
this setting is given by the maximum expected voltage drop at the relay location on the
weak-infeed side during a short-circuit on the protected feeder for which the distance
protection may no longer pick up.
The remaining settings apply to the echo function and are described in the
corresponding sections (6.6.2 and/or 6.8.2).
7SA522 Manual 6-149
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6.9.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2501 FCT Weak Infeed OFF Echo only Weak Infeed function is
Echo only
Echo and Trip
2502A Trip/Echo DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec 0.04 sec Trip / Echo Delay after carrier
receipt
2503A Trip EXTENSION 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Trip Extension / Echo Impulse
time
2505 UNDERVOLTAGE 2..70 V 25 V Undervoltage (ph-e)
6.9.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
4203 >BLOCK Weak Inf >BLOCK Weak Infeed Trip function
4221 WeakInf. OFF Weak Infeed Trip fct. is switched OFF
4222 Weak Inf. BLOCK Weak Infeed Trip function is BLOCKED
4223 Weak Inf ACTIVE Weak Infeed Trip function is ACTIVE
4231 WeakInf. PICKUP Weak Infeed Trip function PICKED UP
4232 W/I Pickup L1 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L1
4233 W/I Pickup L2 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L2
4234 W/I Pickup L3 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L3
4241 WeakInfeed TRIP Weak Infeed General TRIP command
4242 Weak TRIP 1p.L1 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L1
4243 Weak TRIP 1p.L2 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L2
4244 Weak TRIP 1p.L3 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L3
4245 Weak TRIP L123 Weak Infeed TRIP command L123
4246 ECHO SIGNAL ECHO Send SIGNAL
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6.10 External Direct and Remote Tripping
6.10.1 Method of Operation
External Trip of the Any signal from an external protection or monitoring device can be coupled into the
Local Circuit signal processing of the 7SA522 by means of a binary input. This signal may be
Breaker delayed, alarmed and routed to one or several output relays. A reset delay can also
be set to ensure reliable switching of the circuit breaker even if the initiating signal is
a very short impulse. In Figure 6-85 the logic diagram is shown. If the device and
circuit breaker are capable of single-phase operation, it is also possible to trip single
phase. The tripping logic of the device in this case ensure that the conditions for
single-phase tripping are satisfied (e.g. single-phase tripping enabled, automatic
reclosure ready).
The external tripping can be switched on and off with a setting parameter and may be
blocked via binary input.
7ULS7LPH'(/$<
4417 >DTT Trip L123
≥1 T 0
& 4432 DTT TRIP 1p. L1
4412 >DTT Trip L1
≥1 T 0 4433 DTT TRIP 1p. L2
4413 >DTT Trip L2 & Tripping logic
4434 DTT TRIP 1p. L3
≥1 T 0
4414 >DTT Trip L3 &
4435 DTT TRIP L123
'77'LUHFW7ULS
ON 4421 DTT OFF
„1“
OFF
≥1
4403 >BLOCK DTT
& 4422 DTT BLOCK
Figure 6-85 Logic diagram of the local external tripping
Remote Trip of the On a digital communication link via protection interface, transmission of up to 4
Circuit Breaker at telecommands is possible, as described in Section 6.5.
the Opposite Line
On conventional transmission paths, one transmission channel per desired
End
transmission direction is required for remote tripping at the remote end. For example,
fibre optic connections or voice frequency modulated high frequency channels via pilot
cables, power line carrier or microwave radio links can be used for this purpose in the
following ways.
If the trip command of the distance protection is to be transmitted, it is best to use the
integrated teleprotection function for the transmission of the signal as this already
incorporates the optional extension of the transmitted signal, as described in Sub-
section 6.6.1.2. Any of the commands can of course be used to trigger the transmitter
to initiate the send signal.
On the receiver side, the local external trip function is used. The receive signal is
routed to a binary input which is assigned to the logical binary input function “!'77
7SA522 Manual 6-151
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7ULS/”. If single pole tripping is required, the following binary inputs may
alternatively be used “!'777ULS/”, “!'777ULS/” and “!'777ULS/”.
Figure 6-85 therefore also applies in this case.
6.10.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
A prerequisite for the application of the direct and remote tripping functions is that
during the configuration of the scope of functions in the device (Section 5.1) the setting
in address '77'LUHFW7ULS = (QDEOHG was applied. In address '77
'LUHFW7ULS 21 or 2)), it is furthermore possible to switch the function on or off.
It is possible to set a trip delay for both the local external trip and the receive side of
the remote trip in address 7ULS7LPH'(/$<. This can be used as a security
time margin, especially in the case of local trip.
Once a trip command has been issued, it is maintained for at least as long as the set
minimum trip command duration 70LQ75,3&0', which was set for the device in
general in address 240A (Sub-section 6.1.1). Reliable operation of the circuit breaker
is therefore ensured, even if the initiating signal pulse is very short.
6.10.3 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2201 FCT Direct Trip ON OFF Direct Transfer Trip (DTT)
OFF
2202 Trip Time DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.01 sec Trip Time Delay
6.10.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
4403 >BLOCK DTT >BLOCK Direct Transfer Trip function
4412 >DTT Trip L1 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L1
4413 >DTT Trip L2 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L2
4414 >DTT Trip L3 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L3
4417 >DTT Trip L123 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT 3ph L123
4421 DTT OFF Direct Transfer Trip is switched OFF
4422 DTT BLOCK Direct Transfer Trip is BLOCKED
4432 DTT TRIP 1p. L1 DTT TRIP command - Only L1
4433 DTT TRIP 1p. L2 DTT TRIP command - Only L2
4434 DTT TRIP 1p. L3 DTT TRIP command - Only L3
4435 DTT TRIP L123 DTT TRIP command L123
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6.11 Overcurrent Protection
General Overcurrent protection is integrated in the 7SA522 device. This function may
optionally be used either as back-up time delayed overcurrent protection or as
emergency overcurrent protection.
Whereas the distance protection can only function correctly if the measured voltage
signals are available to the device, the emergency overcurrent protection only requires
the currents. The emergency overcurrent function is automatically activated when the
measured voltage signal is lost, e.g. due to a short circuit or interruption of the voltage
transformer secondary circuits (emergency operation). The emergency operation
therefore replaces the distance protection as short circuit protection if loss of the
measured voltage signal is recognized by one of the following conditions:
• Pick-up of the internal measured voltage monitoring („Fuse–Failure–Monitor“, refer
to Sub-section 6.18.1.3) or
• if the signal “!)DLOXUH )HHGHU97 0&%WULSSHG ” is received via binary
input, indicating that the measured voltage signal is lost.
If one of these conditions arise, the distance protection is immediately blocked and the
emergency operation is activated.
If the overcurrent protection is configured as back-up overcurrent protection it
functions independently of the other protective and monitoring functions, therefore
also independent of the distance protection. The back-up overcurrent protection could
for instance be used as the only short-circuit protection if the voltage transformers are
not yet available when the feeder is initially commissioned.
For the overcurrent protection there are in total four stages for the phase currents and
four stages for the earth currents as follows:
• two overcurrent stages with a definite time characteristic (O/C with DT),
• one overcurrent stage with inverse time characteristic (IDMT),
• one further overcurrent stage which is preferably used as a stub protection, but
which can be applied as an additional normal definite time delayed stage.
These four stages are independent of each other and are freely combinable. Blocking
by external criteria via binary input is possible as well as rapid (non delayed) tripping
(e.g. by an external automatic reclose device). During energization of the protected
feeder onto a dead fault it is also possible to release any stage, or also several, for
non-delayed tripping. If not all the stages are required, each individual stage may be
deactivated by setting the pick-up threshold to ∞.
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6.11.1 Method of Operation
Measured Values The phase currents are fed to the device via the input transformers of the measuring
input. The earth current 3·I0 is either measured directly or calculated from the phase
currents, depending on the ordered device version and usage of the fourth current
input I4 of the device.
If I4 is connected in the current transformer star-point connection circuit the earth
current is directly available as a measured quantity.
If the device is supplied with the high sensitivity current input for I4 (ordered version),
this current I4 — under consideration of the factor ,,SK&7 (address , refer to
Sub-section 6.1.1) of the power system data 1 — is used. As the linear range of this
measuring input is severely restricted in the high range (above approx. 1,6 A), this
current is only evaluated up to an amplitude of approx. 1 A. In the event of larger
currents, the device automatically switches over to the evaluation of the zero
sequence current derived from the phase currents. Naturally, all three phase currents
obtained from a set of three star connected current transformers must be available
and connected to the device. The processing of the earth current is then also possible
if very small as well as large earth fault currents may occur.
If the fourth current input I4 is used e.g. for a power transformer star-point current or
for the earth current of a parallel line, the device derives the earth current from the
phase currents. Naturally in this case also all three phase currents derived from a set
of three star connected current transformers must be available and connected to the
device.
Definite Time High Each phase current is numerically filtered and then compared with the set value
Set Overcurrent ,SK!!, the earth current with ,!!. After expiry of the associated time delays
Stage I>> 7,SK!! respectively 7,!! a trip command is issued. The reset threshold is
approx. 5 % below the pick up threshold, but at least 1,5 % of rated current below the
pick up threshold.
Figure 6-86 shows the logic diagram of the I>>–stages. They may be blocked via the
binary input “!%/2&.2&,!!”. The binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” and the function
module “Switch on to fault” are common to all stages and further described below.
They may, however, separately affect the phase and/or earth current stages. This is
accomplished with the following setting parameters:
• ,!!7HOHS%, (address ), which determines whether a non-delayed trip of
this stage is possible (<HV) via the binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” or not (1R)
• ,!!627) (address ), which determines whether non-delayed tripping of this
stage is possible (<HV) or not (1R) following switching of the feeder on to a dead
fault.
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I>> Anr L1
,SK!! 7,SK!!
I>> Pickup L1
I>> Pickup L2
IL1 T 0
I>> Pickup L3
Iph> &
IL2
≥1 I>> Trip L1
IL3
I>> Trip L2
I>> Trip L3
&
L1
L2
L3
,!! 7,!!
I>> Pickup E
IE
3I0>> & T 0
≥1 I>> Trip E
&
E
7104 >BLOCK O/C I>>
,!!7HOHS%,
Yes
7110 >O/C InstTRIP ≥1
No
Yes
Switch onto T 0
fault No
,!!627)
627)7LPH'(/$<
further
stages
Figure 6-86 Logic diagram of the I>>–stage
Definite Time The logic of the overcurrent stage I> is the same as that of the I>>–stage. All
Overcurrent Stage references to Iph>> must simply be replaced by ,SK! and 3I0>> by ,!. In all other
I> respects Figure 6-86 applies.
Inverse Time The logic of the inverse overcurrent stage also in principal functions the same as the
Overcurrent Stage remaining stages. The time delay in this case however results from the nature of the
Ip set characteristic (parameter /2*&XUYH), the magnitude of the current and the time
multiplier (Figure 6-87). A pre-selection of the available characteristics was already
done during the configuration of the protection functions. Furthermore, an additional
constant time delay 7,S$GG (address 2646) may be selected, which are added to
the current dependant time derived from the IDMT characteristic. The available
characteristics are shown in the technical data, Section 10.10.
Figure 6-87 shows the logic diagram. The setting parameter addresses of the IEC
characteristics are shown by way of an example. In the setting information (Sub-
section 6.11.2) the different setting addresses are elaborated upon.
7SA522 Manual 6-155
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,(&&XUYH
,3 7,S7LPH'LDO
Ip Pickup L1
Ip Pickup L2
Ip Pickup L3
IL1
t
IL2 IP & T 0
IL3 I ≥1 Ip Trip L1
Ip Trip L2
Ip Trip L3
7,S$GG
&
L1
L2
L3
,S3,&.83 7,S7LPH'LDO
3I0p Pickup
IE
t
3I0P & T 0
I
≥1 3I0p Trip
7,S$GG
&
E
7106 >BLOCK O/C Ip
, , S7HOH%,
Yes
7110 >O/C InstTRIP ≥1
No
Yes
switch onto T 0
fault No
, , S627)
627)7LPH'(/$<
further
stages
Figure 6-87 Logic diagram of the Ip–stage (inverse time overcurrent protection IDMT) — illustration for IEC–curves
6-156 7SA522 Manual
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Stub Protection A further overcurrent stage is the stub protection. It can however also be used as a
normal additional definite time overcurrent stage, as it functions independent of the
other stages.
A stub fault is a short-circuit located between the current transformer set and the line
isolator. It is of particular importance with the 11/2–circuit breaker arrangement (Figure
6-88).
Busbar A
IA
CBA
feeder 1
Ik = IA +IB line isolator 1
stub fault
CBC
IB
line isolator 2
feeder 2
CBB
busbar B
Figure 6-88 Stub fault at an 11/2–circuit breaker arrangement
If a short circuit current IA and/or IB flows while the line isolator 1 is open, this implies
that a fault in the stub range between the current transformers IA, IB, and the line
isolator exists. The circuit breakers CBA and CBC which carry short-circuit current
may be tripped without delay.The two sets of current transformers are connected in
parallel such that the current sum IA + IB represents the current flowing towards the
line isolator.
The stub protection is an overcurrent protection which is only in service when the state
of the line isolator indicates the open condition via a binary input “!,678%(1$%/(”.
The binary input must therefore be operated via an auxiliary contact of the isolator. In
the case of a closed line isolator, the stub protection is out of service. In Figure 6-89
shows the logic diagram.
If the stub protection stage is to be used as a normal definite time overcurrent stage,
the binary input “!%/2&.,678%”, should be left without allocation or routing
(matrix). The enable input “!,678%(1$%/(”, however, has to be constantly
activated (either via a binary input or via integrated logic (CFC) functions which can be
configured by the user.
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,SK!678% 7,SK678%
I-STUB Pickup L1
I-STUB Pickup L2
IL1 I-STUB Pickup L3
Iph & T 0
IL2
≥1 I-STUB Trip L1
IL3
I-STUB Trip L2
I-STUB Trip L3
&
L1
L2
L3
,!678% 7,!678%
I-STUB Pickup E
IE
3I0 & T 0
≥1 I-STUB Trip E
7131 >I-STUB ENABLE
&
E
7130 >BLOCK I-STUB
,678%7HOHS%,
Yes
7110 >O/C InstTRIP ≥1
No
Yes
switch onto T 0
fault No
,678%627)
627)7LPH'(/$<
Figure 6-89 Logic diagram of the stub protection
Instantaneous Automatic reclosure is applied in order to instantaneously remove the fault before
Tripping before automatic reclosure. Via binary input „!2&,QVW75,3“ a release signal can be input
Automatic by an external automatic reclosure apparatus. The internal automatic reclosure - if
Reclosure available - is also effected by this command. Any stage of the time overcurrent
protection can thus trip instantaneously before automatic reclosure by parameter
,678%7HOHS%,.
Switching onto a To achieve fast tripping following manual closure of the circuit breaker onto a dead
Dead Fault fault, the switch onto fault signal can be routed to the overcurrent protection. The
overcurrent protection can then trip three-pole without delay or with a reduced delay.
It can be determined via setting parameter for which stage(s) the rapid tripping
following closure on to a dead fault applies. (Refer also to the logic diagrams in
Figure 6-86, 6-87 and 6-89, and Sub-section 6.1.3, margin “Circuit Breaker Status”).
Fault Detection and The fault detection signals of the individual phases (and earth) and the individual
Trip Logic stages are combined in such a manner that both the phase information as well as the
stage information of the picked up stages can be output. (Table 6-5).
In the case of the trip signals, the stage which resulted in the trip command is also
indicated. If the device has the option to trip single-pole, and this option has been
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activated, the pole which has been tripped is also indicated during single-pole tripping
(refer also to Sub-section 6.19.4 Overall Tripping Logic of the Device).
Table 6-5 Fault detection annunciations of the overcurrent protection
Internal event Figure Output alarm FNo
I>> Pickup L1 6-86
I> Pickup L1
2&3LFNXS/
Ip Pickup L1 6-87
I-STUB Pickup L1 6-89
I>> Pickup L2 6-86
I> Pickup L2
2&3LFNXS/
Ip Pickup L2 6-87
I-STUB Pickup L2 6-89
I>> Pickup L3 6-86
I> Pickup L3
2&3LFNXS/
Ip Pickup L3 6-87
I-STUB Pickup L3 6-89
I>> Pickup E 6-86
I> Pickup E
2&3LFNXS(
Ip Pickup E 6-87
I-STUB Pickup E 6-89
I>> Pickup L1 6-86
I>> Pickup L2 6-86
2&3,&.83,!!
I>> Pickup L3 6-86
I>> Pickup E 6-86
I> Pickup L1
I> Pickup L2
2&3,&.83,!
I> Pickup L3
I> Pickup E
Ip Pickup L1 6-87
Ip Pickup L2 6-87
2&3,&.83,S
Ip Pickup L3 6-87
Ip Pickup E 6-87
I-STUB Pickup L1 6-89
I-STUB Pickup L2 6-89
,678%3,&.83
I-STUB Pickup L3 6-89
I-STUB Pickup E 6-89
(all pick-ups) 2&3,&.83
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6.11.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
General During the configuration of the device scope of functions (refer to Section 5.1, address
) it was determined which characteristics are to be available. Only those
parameters that apply to the available characteristics, according to the selected
configuration and the version of the device, are accessible in the procedures
described below.
According to the desired operating mode of the overcurrent protection the address
is set : 2SHUDWLQJ0RGH = 21 means that the overcurrent protection operates
independent on the other protection functions, in other words, as back-up overcurrent
protection. If the overcurrent protection should only operate as emergency protection
during loss of VT–supply, the setting 2QO\E\97ORVV must be applied. Finally, the
overcurrent protection can also be switched 2)).
If not all the stages are required, the time delay of those stages that are not used can
be deactivated by setting the time delay to ∞. This does not suppress the pick-up
annunciations, but merely prevents the time delay from expiring.
The stub protection remains in service even if the overcurrent mode of operation
setting is 2QO\E\97ORVV.
One or more stages can be set as fast tripping stages when switching on to a dead
fault. This will be determined when setting the individual stages (see below). To avoid
a spurious pick-up due to transient overcurrents, the delay T SOTF (address 2680)
can be set. Tipically the presetting of 0 is correct. On long cables, where large inrush
currents may arise, or on transformers, a short time delay setting may be sensible. The
time delay depends on the severity and duration of the transient overcurrents as well
as on which stages were selected for the fast switch onto fault clearance.
High Set The I>>–stages ,SK!! (address ) and ,!! (address ) along with the
Overcurrent Stages I>–stages or the Ip–stages result in a dual stage characteristic. Of course, it is also
Iph>>, 3I0>> possible to combine all three stages. If a particular stage is not required, its delay time
is set to ∞. This does not suppress the pick-up alarms, but merely prevents the time
delay from expiring. The I>>–stages always operate with a defined time delay.
If the I>>–stages are used as a fast tripping stage prior to automatic reclosure, the
current setting corresponds to that of the I>– or Ip–stages (see below). In this case
only the difference in the trip delay times is of interest. The times 7,SK!! (address
) and 7,!! (address ) can be set to or a very small value as rapid
clearance of the fault current prior to an automatic reclosure has preference above the
selective fault clearance. Prior to the final trip, these stages must be blocked to
achieve selective final clearance of the fault.
On very long lines with a small source impedance or in front of large reactances (e.g.
transformers, series reactors), the I>>–stages can also be used for current grading. In
this case they must be set such that they definitely do not pick up for a fault at the end
of the line. The time delays can then be set to or a very small value.
When using a personal computer and DIGSI ® 4 to apply the settings, these can be
optionally entered as primary or secondary values. When applying the setting
parameters as secondary values, the primary currents must be converted to the
secondary side of the current transformer.
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Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 as used in the example in section 6.2.3.2 or 6.2.4.2:
s (length) = 60 km
R1/s = 0,19 Ω/km
X1/s = 0,42 Ω/km
Short circuit power at the beginning of the line:
Sk’ = 2,5 GVA
current transformer 600 A/5 A
The line impedance ZLand source impedance ZU are calculated with these values as
follows:
Z1/s = √0.192 + 0.422 Ω/km = 0.46 Ω/km
ZL = 0.46 Ω/km · 60 km = 27.66 Ω
2 2
110 kV
Z U = ------------------------------ = 4.84 Ω
2500 MVA
The three phase short circuit current at the end of the line is IF end:
1.1 ⋅ U N 1.1 ⋅ 110 kV
- = ---------------------------------------------------------------- = 2150 A
I F end = -------------------------------------
3 ⋅ ( ZV + ZL ) 3 ⋅ ( 4.84 Ω + 27.66 Ω )
With a safety margin of 10 % the resultant primary setting value is:
Set value I>> = 1.1 · 2150 A = 2365 A
or the secondary setting value:
2150 A
Setting value I>> = 1.1 ⋅ ------------------- ⋅ 5 A = 19.7 A
600 A
i.e. if the short circuit current is greater than 2365 A (primary) or 19.7 A (secondary)
the fault is definitely on the protected feeder. This fault may be cleared immediately by
the overcurrent protection.
Comment: The calculation was carried out with scalar quantities which is sufficient for
overhead lines. If there is a large difference in the angle of the source and line
impedance, the calculation must be done with complex values.
An analogous calculation can be done for earth faults, whereby the maximum earth
fault current that flows during an earth fault at the end of the line is decisive.
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The set time delays are pure additional delays, which do not include the operating time
(measuring time).
The parameter ,!!7HOHS%, (address ) determines whether the delay times
7,SK!! (address ) and 7,!! (address ) may be bypassed via the
binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” (F.No. ) or via the automatic reclose ready state.
The binary input (if assigned) is common to all stages of the overcurrent protection.
With the parameter ,!!7HOHS%, = <HV it is determined that the I>>–stages trip
without delay following pick up if there is an operating signal present at the binary
input; if the setting is ,!!7HOHS%, = 1R the set delay times always come into effect.
If the I>>-stage is to trip when switching the line on to a fault with or without a short
delay, 627)7LPH'(/$< (address , see above and refer to Sub-section
“General”), the parameter ,!!627) (address ) must be set to Yes. For this fast
switch on to a fault protection any other stage may also be selected.
Definite Time For the setting of the current pick-up threshold ,SK! (address ), the maximum
Overcurrent Stages operating current that can occur is decisive. Pick-up due to overload must be excluded
Iph>, 3I0> as the device operates as short-circuit protection with correspondingly short tripping
times and not as overload protection. The setting is therefore: on overhead lines
approximately 10 %, on transformers and motors approximately 20 % above the
maximum expected (over-)load current.
When using a personal computer and DIGSI® 4 to apply the settings, these can be
optionally entered as primary or secondary values. When applying the setting
parameters as secondary values, the primary currents must be converted to the
secondary side of the current transformer.
Calculation example:
110 kV overhead line 150 mm2 as in the example in Sub-section 6.2.3.2 or 6.2.4.2:
maximum transmittable power
Pmax = 120 MVA corresponds to
Imax = 630 A
current transformer 600 A/5 A
security margin 1.1
When applying settings with primary values, the following setting results:
Set value I> = 1.1 · 630 A = 693 A
When applying settings with secondary values, the following setting results:
630 A
Setting value I> = 1.1 ⋅ ---------------- ⋅ 5 A = 5.8 A
600 A
The earth current stage ,! (address ), must still be able to detect the smallest
earth fault current that may be present. For very small earth currents the earth fault
protection is most suited (refer to Section 6.7).
The time delay 7,SK! (address ) which has to be set is derived from the grading
plan of the system. If implemented as emergency overcurrent protection, shorter
tripping time delays (one grading time stage longer than the fast tripping stage) are
advisable, as this function is only activated when the local measured voltage fails.
The time 7,! (address ) can usually be set with a smaller time delay
according to a separate earth fault grading plan.
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The set times of the definite time stages are pure additional time delays which do not
include the operating (measuring) time of the protection. If only the phase currents of
a particular stage should be monitored, the times of the earth current stage must be
set to ∞. This does not suppress the pick-up annunciations, but merely prevents the
timer from expiring.
The setting parameter ,!7HOHS%, (address ) determines if it is possible to
use the binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” to bypass the trip delay times 7,SK!
(address ) and 7,! (address ). The binary input (if assigned) is
common to all stages of the overcurrent protection. With ,!7HOHS%, = <HV it is
therefore determined that the I>–stages trip without time delay following pick-up, if an
operate signal is present at the binary input; if the setting is ,!7HOHS%, = 1R the
set trip time delays always come into force.
If the I>-stage is to trip when switching the line on to a fault with or without a short
delay, 627)7LPH'(/$< (address , see above and refer to Sub-section
“General”), the parameter ,!627) (address ) is set to Yes. We recommend,
however, not to choose the sensitive setting for the switch on to fault function as
energyzing of the line causes a large fault current. It is important to avoid that the
selected stage picks up in a transient way when energizing the line.
Inverse Time In the case of the inverse time overcurrent stages, various characteristics can be
Overcurrent Stages selected, depending on the version of the device and the configuration (Section 5.1,
IP, 3I0P address ). For the IEC–curves (address %DFN8S2& = 72&,(&) the
with IEC following are available in address ,(&&XUYH:
Characteristic
,QYHUVH (normal inverse, Type A according to IEC 60255–3),
9HU\LQYHUVH (very inverse, Type B according to IEC 60255–3),
([WUHPHO\LQYHUVH (extremely inverse, Type C according to IEC 60255–3), and
/RQJ7LPH,QYHUVH (longtime, Type B according to IEC 60255–3).
The curves and equations that the curves are based on, are shown in the technical
data (Section 10.10).
For the setting of the current thresholds ,S! (address ) and ,S3,&.83
(address ) the same considerations as for the overcurrent stages of the definite
time protection (see above) apply. In this case it must be noted that a safety margin
between the pick-up threshold and the set value has already been incorporated. Pick-
up only occurs at a current which is approximately 10 % above the set value.
The above example shows that the maximum expected operating current may directly
be applied as setting here:
primary: Set value IP = 630 A,
secondary: Set value IP = 5.25 A, i.e. (630 A / 600 A) · 5 A.
The time multiplier setting 7,S7LPH'LDO (address ) is derived from the
grading plan applicable to the network. If implemented as emergency overcurrent
protection, shorter tripping times are advisable (one grading time step above the fast
tripping stage), as this function is only activated in the case of the loss of the local
measured voltage.
The time multiplier setting 7,S7LPH'LDO (address ) can usually be set
smaller according to a separate earth fault grading plan.
In addition to the current dependant time delay an additional constant time length
delay can be set if required. The setting 7,S$GG (address for phase currents)
and 7,S$GG (address for earth currents) are in addition to the time delays
resulting from the set curves.
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The setting parameter , , S7HOH%, (address ) determines if it is possible
to use the binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” (F.No. ) to bypass the trip delays 7
,S7LPH'LDO (address ) including the additional time 7,S$GG (address
) and 7,S7LPH'LDO (address ) including the additional time 7,S
$GG (address ). The binary input (if it is assigned) is common to all stages of the
overcurrent protection. With the setting , , S7HOH%, = <HV it is therefore
determined that the IP–stage trips without delay following pick-up if an operate signal
is present at the binary input; with the setting , , S7HOH%, = 1R the set time
delays always come into effect.
If the IP-stage is to trip when switching the line on to a fault without or with a short
delay, 627)7LPH'(/$< (address , see above and refer to Sub-section
“General”), the parameter , , S627) (address ) is set to Yes. We
recommend, however, not to choose the sensitive setting for the switch on to fault
function as energyzing of the line on to a fault should cause a large fault current. It is
important to avoid that the selected stage picks up in a transient way during line
energization.
Inverse Time In the case of the inverse overcurrent stages, various characteristics can be selected,
Overcurrent Stages depending on the version of the device and the configuration (Section 5.1, address
IP, 3I0P with ). For the ANSI–curves (address %DFN8S2& = 72&$16,) the following
ANSI Characteristic are available in address $16,&XUYH:
,QYHUVH,
6KRUWLQYHUVH,
/RQJLQYHUVH,
0RGHUDWHO\LQY,
9HU\LQYHUVH,
([WUHPHO\LQY, and
'HILQLWHLQY
The curves and equations that the curves are based on, are shown in the technical
data (Section 10.10).
For the setting of the current thresholds ,S! (address ) and ,S3,&.83
(address ) the same considerations as for the overcurrent stages of the definite
time protection (see above) apply. In this case it must be noted that a safety margin
between the pick-up threshold and the set value has already been incorporated. Pick-
up only occurs at a current which is approximately 10 % above the set value.
The above example shows that the maximum expected operating current may directly
be applied as setting here.
primary: Set value IP = 630 A,
secondary: Set value IP = 5.25 A, i.e. (630 A / 600 A) · 5 A.
The time multiplier setting 7LPH'LDO7',S (address ) is derived from the
grading coordination plan applicable to the network. If implemented as emergency
overcurrent protection, shorter tripping times are advisable (one grading time step
above the fast tripping stage), as this function is only activated in the case of the loss
of the local measured voltage.
The time multiplier setting 7LPH'LDO7',S (address ) can usually be set
smaller according to a separate earth fault grading plan.
In addition to the current dependant time delay an additional constant time length
delay can be set if required. The setting 7,S$GG (address for phase currents)
and 7,S$GG (address for earth currents) are in addition to the time delays
resulting from the set curves.
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The setting parameter , , S7HOH%, (address ) determines if it is possible
to use the binary input “!2&,QVW75,3” (F.No. ) to bypass the trip delays 7LPH
'LDO7',S (address ) including the additional time 7,S$GG (address )
and 7LPH'LDO7',S (address ) including the additional time 7,S$GG
(address ). The binary input (if it is assigned) is common to all stages of the
overcurrent protection. With the setting , , S7HOH%, = <HV it is therefore
determined that the IP–stage trips without delay following pick-up if an operate signal
is present at the binary input; with the setting , , S7HOH%, = 1R the set time
delays always come into effect.
If the IP-stage is to retrip when switching the line on to a fault with or without a short
delay, 627)7LPH'(/$< (address , see above and refer to Sub-section
“General”), the parameter ,!627) (address ) is set to Yes. We recommend,
however, not to choose the sensitive setting for the switch on to a fault function as
energyzing of the line on to a fault should cause a large fault current. It is important to
avoid that the selected stage picks up in a transient way during line energization.
Stub Protection When using the I STUB protection the pick-up thresholds ,SK!678% (address )
and ,!678% (address ) are usually not critical, as this protection function is
only activated when the line isolator is open which implies that every measured current
should represents a fault current. With a 1 1/2–circuit breaker arrangement similar to
Figure 6-88 it is possible that large short circuit currents flow from busbar A to busbar
B or to feeder 2 via the current transformers. These currents could cause different
transformation errors in the two current transformer sets IA and IB, especially in the
saturation range. The protection should therefore not be set unnecessarily sensitive.
If the minimum short circuit currents on the busbars are known, the pick-up threshold
,SK!678%is set somewhat (approx. 10 %) below the minimum two phase short
circuit current, ,!678% is set below the minimum single-phase current.
The time settings 7,SK678% (address ) and 7,678% (address ) are
set to ∞ for this application, to prevent the protection from operating while the line
isolator is closed. They may however also be used to implement an independent back-
up stage.
If this stage is applied differently, similar considerations as for the other overcurrent
stages apply.
The parameter ,678%7HOHS%, (address ) determines whether the delay
times 7,SK678% (address ) and 7,678% (address ) can be
bypassed via a binary input ”!2&,QVW75,3“. The binary input (if allocated) is
applied to all stages of the time-overcurrent protection. With ,678%7HOHS%, =
<(6 you can set the ,6WXE-stages to trip immediately after the pick-up, only if the
binary input is activated. Set time delays for ,678%7HOHS%, = 12 are always
activated.
If the,6WXE-stage is to trip when switching the line on to a fault with or without a
short delay, 627)7LPH'(/$< (address , see above and refer to Sub-section
“General”), the parameter ,678%627) (address ) is set to <(6. If using the
stub protection, then set to 12 as the effect of this protection function only depends on
the position of the isolator.
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6.11.3 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2601 Operating Mode ON Only Active with Operating mode
Only Active with Loss of VT Loss of VT sec. cir-
sec. circuit cuit
OFF
2680 SOTF Time DELAY 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Trip time delay after SOTF
2610 Iph>> 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 2.00 A Iph>> Pickup
2611 T Iph>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T Iph>> Time delay
2612 3I0>> PICKUP 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.50 A 3I0>> Pickup
2613 T 3I0>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0>> Time delay
2614 I>> Telep/BI NO YES Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
2615 I>> SOTF NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
2620 Iph> 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 1.50 A Iph> Pickup
2621 T Iph> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T Iph> Time delay
2622 3I0> 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.20 A 3I0> Pickup
2623 T 3I0> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0> Time delay
2624 I> Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
2625 I> SOTF NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
2640 Ip> 0.10..4.00 A; ∞ ∞A Ip> Pickup
2642 T Ip Time Dial 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T Ip Time Dial
2643 Time Dial TD Ip 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 Time Dial TD Ip
2646 T Ip Add 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec T Ip Additional Time Delay
2650 3I0p PICKUP 0.05..4.00 A; ∞ ∞A 3I0p Pickup
2652 T 3I0p TimeDial 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T 3I0p Time Dial
2653 TimeDial TD3I0p 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 Time Dial TD 3I0p
2656 T 3I0p Add 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec T 3I0p Additional Time Delay
2660 IEC Curve Normal Inverse Normal Inverse IEC Curve
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Long time inverse
2661 ANSI Curve Inverse Inverse ANSI Curve
Short Inverse
Long Inverse
Moderately Inverse
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Definite Inverse
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2670 I(3I0)p Tele/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
2671 I(3I0)p SOTF NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
2630 Iph> STUB 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 1.50 A Iph> STUB Pickup
2631 T Iph STUB 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T Iph STUB Time delay
2632 3I0> STUB 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.20 A 3I0> STUB Pickup
2633 T 3I0 STUB 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0 STUB Time delay
2634 I-STUB Telep/BI NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./
YES BI
2635 I-STUB SOTF NO NO Instantaneous trip after Swit-
YES chOnToFault
The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings refer to
IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A these values are to be multiplied by 5.
6.11.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
7104 >BLOCK O/C I>> >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent I>>
7105 >BLOCK O/C I> >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent I>
7106 >BLOCK O/C Ip >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent Ip
7110 >O/C InstTRIP >Backup OverCurrent InstantaneousTrip
7130 >BLOCK I-STUB >BLOCK I-STUB
7131 >I-STUB ENABLE >Enable I-STUB-Bus function
7151 O/C OFF Backup O/C is switched OFF
7152 O/C BLOCK Backup O/C is BLOCKED
7153 O/C ACTIVE Backup O/C is ACTIVE
7161 O/C PICKUP Backup O/C PICKED UP
7162 O/C Pickup L1 Backup O/C PICKUP L1
7163 O/C Pickup L2 Backup O/C PICKUP L2
7164 O/C Pickup L3 Backup O/C PICKUP L3
7165 O/C Pickup E Backup O/C PICKUP EARTH
7171 O/C PU only E Backup O/C Pickup - Only EARTH
7172 O/C PU 1p. L1 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L1
7173 O/C Pickup L1E Backup O/C Pickup L1E
7174 O/C PU 1p. L2 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L2
7175 O/C Pickup L2E Backup O/C Pickup L2E
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F.No. Alarm Comments
7176 O/C Pickup L12 Backup O/C Pickup L12
7177 O/C Pickup L12E Backup O/C Pickup L12E
7178 O/C PU 1p. L3 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L3
7179 O/C Pickup L3E Backup O/C Pickup L3E
7180 O/C Pickup L31 Backup O/C Pickup L31
7181 O/C Pickup L31E Backup O/C Pickup L31E
7182 O/C Pickup L23 Backup O/C Pickup L23
7183 O/C Pickup L23E Backup O/C Pickup L23E
7184 O/C Pickup L123 Backup O/C Pickup L123
7185 O/C PickupL123E Backup O/C Pickup L123E
7191 O/C PICKUP I>> Backup O/C Pickup I>>
7192 O/C PICKUP I> Backup O/C Pickup I>
7193 O/C PICKUP Ip Backup O/C Pickup Ip
7201 I-STUB PICKUP O/C I-STUB Pickup
7211 O/C TRIP Backup O/C General TRIP command
7212 O/C TRIP 1p.L1 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L1
7213 O/C TRIP 1p.L2 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L2
7214 O/C TRIP 1p.L3 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L3
7215 O/C TRIP L123 Backup O/C TRIP Phases L123
7221 O/C TRIP I>> Backup O/C TRIP I>>
7222 O/C TRIP I> Backup O/C TRIP I>
7223 O/C TRIP Ip Backup O/C TRIP Ip
7235 I-STUB TRIP O/C I-STUB TRIP
2054 Emer. mode Emergency mode
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6.12 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection
6.12.1 Method of Operation
General The high-current switch-on-to-fault protection is intended to trip immediately and
instantaneously following energization of a feeder onto a fault with large fault current
magnitude. It is primarily used as fast protection in the event of energizing the feeder
while the earth switch is closed, but can also be used every time the feeder is
energized — in other words also following automatic reclosure — (selectable).
The energization of the feeder is reported to the protection by the circuit breaker state
recognition function. This is described in detail in Section 6.19.
Pick-up The high-current pick-up function measures each phase current and compares it with
the set value ,!!! (address ). The currents are numerically filtered so that only
the fundamental frequency is evaluated. If the measured current is more than twice
the set value the protection automatically reverts to the unfiltered measured values,
thereby allowing extremely fast tripping. DC current components in the fault current
and in the CT secondary circuit following the switching off of large currents practically
have no influence on the high-current pick-up operation.
Figure 6-90 shows the logic diagram. The high-current switch-on-to-fault function can
be phase segregated or three-phase.
Following manual closure of the circuit breaker it always functions three-phase via the
release signal “627)2&5HOHDVH/”, which is derived from the central
information control in the device, assuming that the manual closure can be recognized
there (refer to Section 6.19).
If further criteria were determined during the configuration of the recognition of line
energization (address /LQH&ORVXUH, refer to Section 6.1.3) the release signal
“627)2&5HOHDVH/[” may be issued phase segregated. This only applies to
devices that can trip single-pole, and is then important in conjunction with single-pole
automatic reclosure.
Tripping is always three-pole. The phase selectivity only applies to the pick-up in that
the overcurrent criterion is coupled with the circuit breaker pole that has been closed.
,!!!
IL1
I>>>
IL2
≥1
IL3 & 4282 SOF O/CpickupL1
2·√2·I>>>
4283 SOF O/CpickupL2
4284 SOF O/CpickupL3
SOTF-O/C Release L1 ≥1
SOTF-O/C Release L2
SOTF-O/C Release L3
≥1
SOTF-O/C Release L123 4281 SOF O/C Pickup
L1
L2 4295 SOF O/CtripL123
L3
Figure 6-90 Logic diagram of the high current switch on to fault protection
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6.12.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
A prerequisite for the operation of the switch-on-to-fault protection is that in address
627)2YHUFXUU = (QDEOHG was set during the configuration of the device
scope of functions (Section 5.1). It is furthermore possible to switch the function, in
address , )&7627)2& 21 or 2)).
The magnitude of the current which causes pick-up of the switch on to fault function is
set as ,!!! in address . The setting value should be selected large enough to
ensure that the protection under no circumstances picks up due to an overload
condition or due to a current increase resulting from e.g. an automatic reclosure dead
time on a parallel feeder. It is recommended to set at least 2.5 times the rated current
of the feeder.
Non-delayed tripping must always be activated if the MHO circle is used as this is the
only way to reliably detect three-pole close-in faults.
6.12.3 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2401 FCT SOTF-O/C ON ON Inst. High Speed SOTF-O/C is
OFF
2404 I>>> 1.00..25.00 A 2.50 A I>>> Pickup
The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings refer to
IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A these values are to be multiplied by 5.
6.12.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
4253 >BLOCK SOTF-O/C >BLOCK Instantaneous SOTF Overcurrent
4271 SOTF-O/C OFF SOTF-O/C is switched OFF
4272 SOTF-O/C BLOCK SOTF-O/C is BLOCKED
4273 SOTF-O/C ACTIVE SOTF-O/C is ACTIVE
4281 SOTF-O/C PICKUP SOTF-O/C PICKED UP
4282 SOF O/CpickupL1 SOTF-O/C Pickup L1
4283 SOF O/CpickupL2 SOTF-O/C Pickup L2
4284 SOF O/CpickupL3 SOTF-O/C Pickup L3
4295 SOF O/CtripL123 SOTF-O/C TRIP command L123
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6.13 Automatic Reclosure Function (optional)
Experience shows that about 85 % of the arc short-circuits on overhead lines
extinguish automatically after being tripped by the protection. The line can therefore
be reclosed. Reclosure is performed by an automatic reclosure circuit (ARC).
An example of the normal time sequence of a double reclosure is shown in Figure
6-91.
If the circuit-breaker poles can be operated individually, a single-pole short interruption
is usually initiated in the case of single-phase faults and a three-pole interruption in the
case of multi-phase faults in the network with earthed system star point. If the short-
circuit is still present after reclosure (arc not extinguished or metallic short-circuit), the
protection issues a final trip. Several reclosure attempts are made in some networks.
Automatic reclosure is only implemented on overhead lines because automatic
extinguishing of a short-circuit arc is not possible on cables and transformers. It should
not be used in any other case. If the protected object consists of a mixture of overhead
lines and other equipment (e.g. overhead line in block with a transformer or overhead
line/cable), it must be ensured that reclosure can only be performed in the event of a
fault on the overhead line.
In the version with single-pole tripping, the 7SA522 allows phase-selective, single-
pole tripping. A single and three-pole, single and multiple shot automatic reclosure
function is integrated, depending on the ordered version.
The 7SA522 can also be implemented with an external automatic reclosure device. In
this case the signal exchange between 7SA522 and the external reclosure device
must take place via the binary inputs and outputs.
It is also possible to have the integrated automatic reclosure circuit initiated by an
external protection (e.g. second protection). The use of two 7SA522 with automatic
reclosure function or the use of one 7SA522 with an automatic reclosure function and
a second protection with its own automatic reclosure function are equally possible.
starting
aborted aborted
action
trip
command
dead time dead time
close 1st reclosure 2nd reclosure
command
reclaim aborted reclaim
1st reclosure unsuccessful; further 2nd reclosure successful, no further
tripping during reclaim time tripping during reclaim time
reclosure active start with 1st trip command
Fig. 6-91 Timing diagram of a double reclosure with action time (2nd reclosure successful)
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6.13.1 Function description
The integrated automatic reclosure circuit allows up to 8 reclosure attempts.
The first four interrupt cycles may operate with different parameters (action and dead
times, single/three-pole). The parameters of the fourth cycle also apply for the fifth
cycle and onwards.
Selectivity before In order for the automatic reclosure to be successful, all faults on the entire overhead
reclosure line must be cleared at all line ends simultaneously — as fast as possible. In the
distance protection, for example, the overreaching zone Z1B may be released before
the first reclosure (zone extension). This implies that faults up to the zone reach limit
of Z1B are tripped without delay for the first cycle (figure 6-92). A limited unselectivity
in favour of fast simultaneous tripping is accepted here because a reclosure will be
performed in any case. The normal stages of the distance protection (Z1, Z2, etc.) and
the normal grading of the other short-circuit functions are independent of the
automatic reclosure function.
Z2
Z1 Z1B
Line
Reach for 1st tripping before reclosure (overreach zone Z1B enabled)
Z2
Z1 Z1B
Line
Reach after 1st reclosure (overreach zone Z1B disabled)
Figure 6-92 Reach control, before the first reclosure, in the distance protection
If the distance protection is operated with one of the signal transmission methods
described in section 6.6 the signal transmission logic controls the
overraching zone, i.e. it determines whether an undelayed trip (or delayed with T1B) is
permitted in the event of faults in the overreaching zone (i.e. up to the reach limit of
zone Z1B) at both line ends simultaneously. Whether the automatic
reclosure device is ready for reclosure or not is irrelevant because the teleprotection
function ensures the selectivity over 100 % of the line length and fast, simultaneous
tripping. The same applies for the earth fault–direction comparison protection (section
6.8 ).
If, however, the signal transmission is switched off or the transmission path is
disturbed, the internal automatic reclosure circuit can determine whether the
overreaching zone (Z1B in the distance protection) is released for fast tripping.
If no reclosure is expected (e.g. circuit-breaker not ready) the normal grading of the
distance protection (i.e. fast tripping only for faults in zone Z1) must apply to retain
selectivity.
Fast tripping before reclosure is also possible with multiple reclosures. Appropriate
links between the output signals (e.g. 2nd reclosure ready: "$5&\F=RQH5HO") and
the inputs for enabling/releasing undelayed tripping of the protection functions can be
established via the binary inputs and outputs or the integrated user-definable logic
functions (CFC).
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Mixed lines On mixed lines with cables and overhead lines, it is possible to use the distance zone
overhead line/cable signals for distinguishing between cable and overhead line faults to a certain extent.
The automatic reclosure circuit can then be blocked by appropriate signals generated
by means of the user-programmable logic functions (CFC) if there is a fault in the cable
section.
Start Starting the automatic reclosure function means storing the first trip signal during a
network fault that was generated by a protection function intended to initiate automatic
reclosure. In the case of multiple reclosure, starting therefore only takes place once
with the first trip command. Storing this signal is the prerequisite for all subsequent
actions of the automatic reclosure device.
The significance of starting becomes apparent when the first trip command does not
appear before the expiry of an action time (see below under "Action times).
The automatic reclosure is not started if the circuit-breaker was not ready for at least
one BREAK–MAKE–BREAK–cycle at the instant of the first trip command. This can
be achieved by setting parameters. See also subtitle "Interrogation of circuit-breaker
ready state" (page 175).
Each short circuit protection function can be parameterized as to whether it should
operate with the automatic reclose function or not i.e. whether it should start the
reclose function or not. The same applies to the trip commands coupled in via binary
input and/or the trip commands generated by the teleprotection via permissive or
intertrip signals.
Those protection and monitoring functions in the device which do not respond to short-
circuits or similar conditions do not initiate the automatic reclosure function because a
reclosure will be of no use here. Examples for this in the 7SA522 are the overload
protection and overvoltage protection.
Action times It is often desirable to remove the ready for reclosure state if the short-circuit condition
was sustained for a certain time, e.g. because it is assumed that the arc has burned
in to such an extent that there is no longer any chance of automatic arc extinction
during the reclose dead time. Also for the sake of selectivity (see above), faults that
are usually cleared after a time delay should not lead to reclosure. It is therefore
recommended to use action times in conjunction with the distance protection.
The automatic reclosure function of the 7SA522 can be operated with or without action
times (configuration parameter $5FRQWUROPRGH, address , see section 5.1).
No starting signal is necessary from the protection functions or external protection
devices that operate without action time. Starting takes place as soon as the first trip
command appears.
When operation with action time, an action time is available for each reclose cycle.
The action times are always started by the general starting signal (with logic OR
combination of all internal and external protection functions which can start the
automatic reclosure function).
If no trip command is present before the action time expires, the corresponding
reclose cycle is not carried out.
For each automatic reclose cycle it may be set via parameter whether it may start the
recloser (the programmed first cycle does not necessarily have to be the first cycle that
is executed - depending on the parameterization, the second, third or any other cycle
may be the first one that is carried out). Following the first general start, only the action
times of those cycles that are set such that they may start off the recloser are
considered as the other cycles are not allowed to be the first cycle under any
circumstances. By means of the action times and the permission to start the recloser
7SA522 Manual 6-173
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(permission to be the first cycle that is executed) it is possible to determine which
reclose cycles are executed depending on the time used by the protection function to
trip.
Example 1: 3 cycles are set. At least the first cycle is configured to start the recloser
(allowed to be the first cycle that is carried out). The action times are set as follows:
$5 7$&7,21 = 0.2 s;
$5 7$&7,21= 0.8 s;
$5 7$&7,21= 1.2 s;
Since reclosure is ready before the fault occurs, the first trip following a short-circuit is
fast, i.e. before the expiry of any action time. The automatic reclosure function is
therefore started (the first cycle is initiated). After an unsuccessful reclosure attempt
the 2nd cycle would usually be initiated; but in this case the time-overcurrent
protection trips according to its set grading time after 1 s. Since the action time for the
second cycle was exceeded in this case, it is not initiated. The 3rd cycle according to
its parameters is therefore now initiated. If the trip command only appeared more than
1.2 s after the 1st reclosure, there would have been no further reclosure.
Example 2: 3 cycles are set. Starting is only allowed for the first. The action times are
set as in example 1.
The first protection trip takes place 0.5 s after starting. Since the action time for the 1st
cycle has already expired at this time, this cycle cannot start the automatic reclosure
function. As the 2nd and 3rd cycles are not permitted to start the reclose function they
will also not be initiated. Therefore no reclosure takes place as no starting took place.
Example 3: 3 cycles are set. At least the first two cycles are set such that they can start
the recloser. The action times are set as in example 1.
The first protection trip takes place 0.5 s after starting. Since the action time for the 1st
cycle has already expired at this time, this cycle cannot start the automatic reclosure
circuit. However the 2nd cycle, which is also able to start the recloser, is activated
immediately. This 2nd cycle therefor starts the automatic reclosure circuit, the 1st
cycle is practically skipped.
Operating modes of The dead times — in other words, the time from fault clearance (reset of the trip
the automatic command or indication by auxiliary contacts) upto the initiation of the automatic
reclosure function reclose command — may vary, depending on the automatic reclosure function
operating mode selected when setting the scope of functions (section 5.1) and on the
resulting signals generated by the protective functions selected to initiate reclosing.
In the 7DUJHWRQ75,3operating mode single-pole or single/three-pole reclose
cycles are possible if the device and the circuit-breaker are suitable. In this case
different dead times after single-pole tripping on the one hand and after three-pole
tripping on the other hand are possible (for every reclose cycle). The protective
function that issues the trip command determines the type of trip: single-pole or three-
pole.
Selection of the dead time depends on this.
In the ZLWK3,&.83 operating mode, different dead times can be set for every
reclose cycle after single-, two- and three-phase faults. Selection of the dead time in
this case depends on the type of fault determined by the initiating protection function
at the instant that the trip commands reset.
This operating mode allows the dead times to be dependent on the type of fault in the
case of three-pole reclose cycles.
Reclose block Different conditions lead to blocking of the automatic reclosure. No reclosure is for
example possible if it is blocked via a binary input. If the automatic reclosure has not
6-174 7SA522 Manual
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yet been started, it cannot be started at all. If a reclose cycle is already in progress,
dynamic blocking takes place (see below).
Each individual cycle may also be blocked via binary input. In this case the cycle
concerned is declared as invalid and will is skipped in the sequence of permissible
cycles.
If blocking takes place while the cycle concerned is already running, this leads to
aborting of the reclosure, i.e. no reclosure takes place even if other valid cycles have
been parameterized.
Internal blocking signals, with a limited duration, arise during the course of the reclose
cycles:
The blocking time 75(&/$,0 is initiated along with every automatic reclosure
command. If the reclosure is successful, all the functions of the automatic reclosure
return to the quiescent state at the end of the blocking time; a fault after expiry of the
reclaim time is treated as a new fault in the network. Re-tripping by a protection
function during the reclaim time initiates the next reclose cycle in the case of multiple
reclosure; if no further reclosure is permitted, the last reclosure cycle is declared as
unsuccessful if re-tripping within the reclaim time takes place. The automatic
reclosure is blocked dynamically.
The dynamic blocking condition locks out the reclosure for the duration of the dynamic
blocking time (0.5 s). This occurs for example after a final trip or if other conditions
block the automatic reclosure function after starting has taken place. Restarting is
locked out for this time. When this time expires, the automatic reclosure function
returns to its quiescent state and is ready for a new fault in the power system.
If the circuit-breaker is closed manually (with the circuit breaker control switch via
a binary input, refer also to Subsection 6.19.1), the automatic reclosure is blocked for
a Manual–Close–blocking time 7%/2&.0&. If a trip command is
issued during this time, it can be assumed that a metallic short-circuit is the cause (e.g.
closed earth switch). Every trip command within this time is therefore a final trip. With
the user definable logic functions (CFC) further control functions may also be treated
like a Manual–Close command.
Interrogation of A precondition for automatic reclosure following clearance of a short circuit is that the
circuit-breaker circuit-breaker is ready for at least one BREAK–MAKE–BREAK–cycle when the
ready state automatic reclosure circuit is started (i.e. at the time of the first trip command). The
circuit breaker ready state is signalled to the device via the binary input ">CB1 Ready"
(FNo. ). If no such signal is available, the circuit-breaker interrogation (at the time
of the first trip) can be suppressed (presetting) as automatic reclosure would otherwise
not be possible at all.
In the event of a single cycle reclosure this interrogation is usually sufficient. Since, for
example, the air pressure or the spring tension for operation of the circuit-breaker
drops during the trip operation, no further interrogation should take place.
It is of advantage, particularly in the case of multiple reclosure, to interrogate the
readiness of the circuit-breaker not only at the time of the first trip command but also
before every reclosure . The reclosure is blocked as long as the CB does not signal it
is ready for another MAKE–BREAK–cycle.
The time needed by the circuit-breaker to regain the ready state can be monitored by
the 7SA522. This monitoring time &%7,0(287 starts as soon as the CB indicates
the not ready state. The dead time may be extended if the ready state is not indicated
when it expires. However, if the circuit-breaker not ready state lasts longer than the
monitoring time, reclosure is blocked dynamically (refer also above to subtitle
"Reclose block", page 174).
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Processing the If the circuit-breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device, a plausibility check
circuit breaker of the circuit-breaker response is also carried out.
auxiliary contacts
In the case of single pole tripping this applies to each individual breaker poles. A
precondition for this is that the auxiliary contacts must be connected to the appropriate
binary inputs ("!&%3ROH/", F.No. 366, "!&%3ROH/", F.No. 367 and
"!&%3ROH/", F.No. 368) for each pole.
If in stead of the individual pole auxiliary contacts, the series connection of the
normally open and normally closed contacts are used (the normal state applies when
the CB is open), the CB is assumed to have all three poles open when the series
connection of the normally closed contacts is closed (binary input "!&%S2SHQ“,
F.No. 411). It has all three poles closed when the series connection of the normally
open contacts is closed (binary input "!&%S&ORVHG“, F.No. 410). If neither of
these conditions are present, it is assumed that the circuit breaker has one pole open
(even if this condition also theoretically applies to the two-pole open state).
The device continuously checks the switching state of the circuit-breaker: As long as
the auxiliary contacts indicate that the CB is not closed (three-pole), the automatic
reclosure function cannot be started. This guarantees that a close command can only
be issued if the CB previously tripped (out of the closed state).
The valid dead time starts when the trip command resets or when the auxiliary
contacts indicate that the CB (pole) has opened.
If the CB opens with three-pole reclose cycles after a single pole trip command, this is
considered as a three-pole trip. If three-pole reclose cycles are allowed, the dead time
for three-pole tripping is activated with the operating mode: control by trip command
(see above under title "Operating modes of the automatic reclosure function", page 6-
152); with the mode: control by starting, the type of fault indicated by the protection
function(s) issueing the start is still valid. If three-pole reclose cycles are not allowed,
reclosure is blocked dynamically. The trip command is final.
The latter also applies if the CB trips two poles following a single-pole trip command.
The device can only detect this if the auxiliary contacts of each pole are connected
individually. The device immediately initiates three pole coupling thus resulting in a
three-pole trip command.
If the CB auxiliary contacts indicate that at least one further pole has opened during
the dead time following a single-pole trip, a three-pole reclose cycle is initiated with the
dead time for three-pole reclosure if this is allowed. If the auxiliary contacts are
connected for each pole individually, the device can detect the two-pole open state of
a CB. In this case the device immediately issues a three-pole trip command provided
that the forced three-pole coupling is activated (see section 6.13.2 and refer to
"Forced three-pole coupling", page 190).
Sequence of a If the automatic reclosure function is ready, the short-circuit protection trips three pole
Three-pole for all faults inside the stage selected for reclosure. The automatic reclosure function
reclose cycle is then started. When the trip command resets or the circuit-breaker opens (auxiliary
contact criterion) an (adjustable) dead time starts. At the end of this dead time the
circuit-breaker receives a close command. At the same time the (adjustable) reclaim
time is started. If $5FRQWUROPRGH was set under address ZLWK3LFNXS
during configuration of the protective functions, different dead times can be
parameterized depending on the type of fault recognised by the protection.
If the fault is cleared (successful reclosure), the reclaim time runs out and all functions
return to their quiescent state. The system disturbance has ended.
6-176 7SA522 Manual
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If the fault is not cleared (unsuccessful reclosure), the short-circuit protection issues a
final trip with the protection stage that is selected to operate without reclosure. Any
fault during the reclaim time leads to a final trip.
After unsuccessful reclosure (final tripping), the automatic reclosure is blocked
dynamically (see also page 174, "Reclose block").
The sequence described above applies to a single reclosure cycle. In the 7SA522
multiple reclosure (up to 8 cycles) is also possible (see below).
Sequence of a Single-pole reclose cycles are only possible with the appropriate device version and if
single-pole this was selected during the configuration of the protection functions (address,
interrupt cycle see also section 5.1). Of course, the circuit-breaker must also be suitable for
single-pole tripping.
If the automatic reclosure function is ready, the short-circuit protection trips single pole
for all single-phase faults inside the stage selected for reclosure. It can also be
selected (address $7ULSSK)OW, see also section 6.1.3), by setting, that
single-pole tripping takes place for two-phase faults without earth. Single-pole tripping
is of course only possible with short-circuit protection functions that can determine the
faulty phase.
If only single-pole reclosure is selected then the short-circuit protection issues a final
three pole trip with the stage that is valid/selected without reclosure. Every three-pole
trip is final. The automatic reclosure is blocked dynamically (see also above under
subtitle "Reclose block", page 174).
The automatic reclosure function is started following a single-pole trip. The
(adjustable) dead time for the single-pole reclose cycles starts with reset of the trip
command or opening of the circuit-breaker pole (auxiliary contact criterion). The
circuit-breaker receives a close command after the dead time. At the same time the
(adjustable) reclaim time is started. If the reclosure is blocked during the dead time
following a single-pole trip, optional immediate three-pole tripping can take place
(forced three-pole coupling).
If the fault has been cleared (successful reclosure), the reclaim time runs out and all
functions return to their quiescent state. The system disturbance has ended.
If the fault is not cleared (unsuccessful reclosure), the short-circuit protection issues a
final trip with the protection stage that is valid/selected without reclosure. All faults
during the reclaim time also lead to the issue of a final trip.
After unsuccessful reclosure (final tripping) the automatic reclosure function is blocked
dynamically (see also page 174, "Reclose block”)
The sequence described above applies to single reclose cycles. In the 7SA522
multiple reclosure (up to 8 cycles) is also possible (see below).
Sequence of a This operating mode is only possible with the appropriate device version and if this
Single and was selected during configuration of the protection functions (address , see also
Three-pole section 5.1). Of course, the circuit-breaker must also be suitable for single-pole
Teclose Cycle tripping.
If the automatic reclosure function is ready, the short-circuit protection trips single-
pole for single-phase faults and three-pole for multi-phase faults. Under 3RZHU
6\VWHP'DWD 36\VWHP'DWD (address $ , see also Section 6.1.3)
it can also be selected that single-pole tripping takes place for two-phase faults without
earth. Single-pole tripping is of course only possible with short-circuit protection
functions that can determine the faulty phase. The valid protection stage selected for
reclosure ready state applies for all fault types.
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The automatic reclosure function is started in the event of a trip. Depending on the
type of fault the (adjustable) dead time for the single-pole reclose cycle or the
(separately adjustable) dead time for the three-pole reclose cycle starts following the
reset of the trip command or opening of the circuit-breaker (pole). After expiry of the
dead time the circuit-breaker receives a close command. At the same time the
(adjustable) reclaim time is started. If the reclosure is blocked during the dead time
following a single-pole trip, optional immediate three-pole tripping can take place
(forced three-pole coupling).
If the fault is cleared (successful reclosure), the reclaim time expires and all functions
return to their quiescent state. The system disturbance has ended.
If the fault is not cleared (unsuccessful reclosure), the short-circuit protection initiates
a final three-pole trip with the protection stage that is valid/selected when reclosure is
not ready. All faults during the reclaim time also lead to the issue of a final three-pole
trip.
After unsuccessful reclosure (final tripping) the automatic reclosure function is blocked
dynamically (see also page 174, "Reclose block").
The sequence above applies for single reclosure cycles. In the 7SA522 multiple
reclosure (up to 8 cycles) is also possible (see below).
Multiple Reclosure If a short-circuit still exists after a reclosure attempt, further reclosure attempts can be
made. Up to 8 reclosure attempts are possible with the automatic reclosure function
integrated in the 7SA522.
The first four reclosure cycles are independent of each other. Each one has separate
action and dead times, can operate single or three pole and can be blocked separately
via binary inputs. The parameters and intervention possibilities of the fourth cycle also
apply to the fifth cycle and onwards.
The sequence is the same in principle as in the different reclosure programs described
above. However, if the first reclosure attempt was unsuccessful, the reclosure function
is not blocked, but instead the next reclose cycle is started. The appropriate dead time
starts with the reset of the trip command or opening of the circuit-breaker (pole)
(auxiliary contact criterion). The circuit-breaker receives a new close command after
expiry of the dead time. At the same time the reclaim time is started.
Until the set number of permissible reclose cycles is reached, the reclaim time is reset
with each new trip command after reclosure and started again with the next close
command.
If one of the cycles is successful, i.e. the fault no longer exists after reclosure, the
reclaim time expires and all functions return to their quiescent state. The system
disturbance has ended.
If none of the cycles is successful, a final three-pole trip is issued by the valid
protection stage selected to operate during the recloser not ready state following the
final permissible reclosure. The automatic reclosure is blocked dynamically (see also
"Reclose block", page 174).
Handling of When single-pole and single and three-pole reclose cycles are executed in the
Sequential Faults network, particular attention must be paid to sequential faults.
Sequential faults are faults which occur during the dead time after clearance of the first
fault.
There are various ways of handling sequential faults in the 7SA522 depending on the
requirements of the network:
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Detection of a sequential fault can be selected to occur either with a trip command of
a protection function during the dead time or with every further fault detection.
It is possible to select the desired response of the internal automatic recloser
following the detection of a sequential fault.
a) (9)/702'( blocks AR:
The reclosure is blocked as soon as a sequential fault is detected. Tripping as a
result of the sequential fault is three-pole. This applies irrespective of whether three-
pole cycles are permitted or not. There are no further reclosure attempts; the
automatic reclosure circuit is blocked dynamically (see also above under subtitle
"Reclose block“, page 174).
b) (9)/702'( starts 3p AR:
As soon as a sequential fault is detected the recloser switches over to a three pole
cycle. All trip commands are now three-pole. The separately settable dead time for
sequential faults starts with the clearance of the sequential fault; after the dead time
the circuit-breaker receives a close command. The further sequence is the same as
for single and three-pole cycles.
The complete dead time in this case consists of the portion of the single pole dead
time up to clearance of the sequential fault plus the dead time for the sequential
fault. This makes sence because the duration of the three-pole dead time is most
important for the stability of the network.
If reclosure is blocked due to a sequential fault without the protection issuing a three-
pole trip command (e.g. for sequential fault detection with starting), the device can
send a three pole trip command so that the circuit-breaker does not remain open with
one pole (forced three-pole coupling).
Dead Line Check If the voltage of a disconnected phase does not disappear following a trip, reclosure
(DLC) can be prevented. A prerequisite for this function is that the voltage transformers are
connected on the line side of the circuit breaker. To select this function the dead line
check must be activated. The automatic reclosure function then checks the
disconnected line for no-voltage: The line must have been without voltage for at least
an adequate measuring time during the dead time. If this was not the case the
reclosure is blocked dynamically.
This no-voltage check on the line is of advantage if a small generator (e.g. wind
generator) is connected along the line.
Reduced Dead If automatic reclosure is performed in connection with time-graded protection, non-
Time (RDT) selective tripping before reclosure is often unavoidable in order to achieve fast,
simultaneous tripping at all line ends. The 7SA522 has a "reduced dead time (RDT)"
procedure which reduces the effect of the short-circuit on healthy line sections to a
minimum. The three phase voltages are measured for the reduced dead time. The
voltage transformers must be located on the line side of the circuit breaker.
In the event of a short-circuit close to on of the line ends, the surrounding lines can
initially be tripped because for example a distance protection detects the fault in its
overreaching zone Z1B (figure 6-93, relay location III). If the network is meshed and
there is at least one other infeed on the busbar B, the voltage there returns
immediately after clearance of the fault. For single-pole tripping it is sufficient if there
is an earthed transformer with delta winding connected at busbar B which ensures
symmetry of the voltages and thus induces a return voltage in the open phase. This
allows a distinction between the faulty line and the unfaulted line to be made as
follows:
7SA522 Manual 6-179
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Since line B–C is only tripped singled-ended at C, it receives a return voltage from the
end B which is not tripped so that at C the open phase(s) also has(have) voltage. If
the device detects this at position III, reclosure can take place immediately or in a
shorter time (to ensure sufficient voltage measuring time). The healthy line B–C is
then back in operation.
Line A–B is tripped at both ends. There is therefore no voltage here, this identifies the
line as the faulted one at both ends. The normal dead time comes into service here.
Z2
Z1 Z1B
A B C
I II III
Z1B Z1 A, B, C busbars
I, II, III relay locations
Z2 tripped circuit-breaker
Figure 6-93 Example of a reduced dead time (RDT)
Adaptive In all the previous alternatives it was assumed that defined and equal dead times were
Dead Time (ADT) set at both line ends, if necessary for different fault types and/or reclose cycles.
It is also possible to set the dead times (if necessary different for various fault types
and/or reclose cycles) at one line end only and to configure the adaptive dead time at
the other end (or ends). This can be done on condition that the voltage transformers
are located on the line side of the circuit breaker or that means for the transfer of a
close command exist.
Figure 6-94 shows an example. It is assumed that the device I is operating with
defined dead times whereas the adaptive dead time is configured at position II. It is
important that the line is at least fed from busbar A, i.e. the side with the defined dead
times.
With the adaptive dead time the automatic reclosure function at line end II decides
independently if and when reclosure is sensible and is therefor allowed and when it is
not. The criterion is the voltage on the line at end II, which is fed from end I following
reclosure there. Reclosure therefore takes place at end II as soon as it is apparent that
voltage has been re-applied to the line from end I.
In the illustrated case, the lines are tripped at positions I, II and III. At I reclosure takes
place after the dead time parameterized there. At III a reduced dead time can take
place (see above) if there is also an infeed on busbar B.
If the fault has been cleared (successful reclosure), line A–B is re-energised from
busbar A through position I. Device II detects this voltage and also reclosed after a
short delay (to ensure a sufficient voltage measuring time). The system disturbance
has ended.
If the fault has not been cleared after reclosure at I, a switch on to fault occurs at I, no
healthy voltage appear at II. The device there detects this and does not reclose.
In the case of multiple reclosure the sequence may be repeated several times
following an unsuccessful reclosure until one of the reclosures attempts is successful
or a final trip takes place.
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Z2
Z1 Z1B
A B C
I (defined pauses) II (ADT) III
Z1B Z1 A, B, C busbars
I, II, III relay locations
Z2 tripped circuit-breaker
Figure 6-94 Example of adaptive dead time (ADT)
As is shown by the example, the adaptive dead time has the following advantages:
• The circuit-breaker at position II is not reclosed at all if the fault persists and is
therefor not unnecessarily stressed.
• With non-selective tripping by overreach at position III no further trip and reclose
cycles occur here because the short-circuit path via busbar B and position II
remains interrupted even in the event of several reclosure attempts.
• At position I overreach is allowed in the case of multiple reclosures and even in the
event of final tripping because the line remains open at position II and therefor no
actual overreach can occur at I.
The adaptive dead time also includes the reduced dead time because the criteria are
the same. There is no need to set the reduced dead time as well.
Close Command– With close command transmission the dead times are only set at one line end. The
transfer other (or the others in case of lines with more than two end(s)) is (are) set to "adaptive
(Remote–CLOSE) dead time". These ends respond to the received close command from the transmitting
end.
The transmission of the close command by the transmitting line end is delayed until it
is sure that the local reclosure was successful. This means that following reclosure a
short delay for detection of further local faults is provided. This delay prevents
unnecessary closing at the remote end on the one hand but also increases the time
until reclosure takes place there. This is not critical for a single-pole interruption or in
radial or meshed networks because no stability problems are expected under these
conditions.
A B
PI1 PI1
7SA522 7SA522
AR with AR Rem.Close >AR Rem.Close ≥1 AR in
defined ADT mode
Dead
Times
Bild 6-95 AR Remote –Close function via protection interface
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The close command can be transmitted by a teleprotection scheme using the
protection interfaces (ordering variant). When the annunciation $55HPRWH&ORVH
is output, this information is transmitted at the same time to the remote end via the
protection data interface. The information is OR-combined with the information of the
binary input !$55HPRWH&ORVH and made available for the automatic reclosure.
(Figure 6-95).
Connecting an If the 7SA522 has to work with an external reclosure device, the binary inputs and
external reclosure outputs provided for this purpose must be taken into consideration. The following
device inputs and outputs are recommended:
Binary inputs:
!(QDEOH$5]RQHV With this binary input the external reclosure device
controls stages of the individual short-circuit protection
functions which are active before reclosure (e.g.
overreaching zone in the distance protection). The input can
be omitted if no overreaching stage is required (e.g.
distance protection with comparison mode, see also above
under subtitle "Selectivity before reclosure").
!2QO\SK$5 The external reclosure device is only programmed for 1 pole;
the stages of the individual protection functions that are
activated before reclosure via F.No. only do so in the
case of single-phase faults; in the event of multiple phase
faults these stages do not operate. This input is not required
if no overreaching stage is used (e.g. differential protection
or comparison mode with distance protection, see also
above under subtitle "Selectivity before reclosure").
!S7ULS3HUPThe external reclosure device allows 1-pole tripping (logic
inversion of 3-pole coupling). If this input is not assigned or
not routed (matrix), the protection functions trip 3-pole for all
faults. If the external reclosure device cannot supply this
signal but supplies a "3-pole coupling" signal instead, this
must be taken into account in the routing of the binary inputs
(see section 5.2): The signal must be inverted in this case
(L–active = active without voltage).
Binary outputs:
5HOD\3,&.83 Start of protection device, general (if required by external
recloser device).
5HOD\75,3SKtrip protective device 3-pole,
5HOD\75,3S/ trip protective device 1-pole phase L1.
5HOD\75,3SK trip protective device 3-pole,
5HOD\75,3S/ trip protective device 1-pole phase L2.
5HOD\75,3SKtrip protective device 3-pole,
5HOD\75,3S/ trip protective device 1-pole phase L3.
In order to obtain a phase-segragated trip indication, the respective single-pole trip
commands must be combined with the three-pole trip command on one output.
Figure 6-96 for example shows the interconnection between a 7SA522 and an
external reclosure device with a mode selector switch.
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Depending on what the external recloser device requires, the three single-pole outputs
(F.No, ,) may also be combined to one "single-pole tripping" output; the
F.No provides the "three-pole tripping" signal to the external device.
If only three-pole reclosure takes place, general starting (F.No , if required by the
external reclosure device) and the trip signals (F.No) from 7SA522 (see figure 6-
97) usually suffice.
external
7SA522 reclosure–device
5HOD\3,&.83
5HOD\75,3SK
5HOD\75,3S/
5HOD\75,3SK
5HOD\75,3S/
5HOD\75,3SK
5HOD\75,3S/
L+ L–
!(QDEOH$5]RQHV
!S7ULS3HUP
L+
!2QO\SK$5
L– L–
3-pole
1-pole 1-/3-pole
Selector
L+ switch
Figure 6-96 Connection example with external reclosure device for 1-/3-pole reclosure with
mode selector switch
external
7SA522 reclosure–device
5HOD\3,&.83
5HOD\75,3
L+ L–
!(QDEOH$5]RQHV
L– L+
Figure 6-97 Connection example with external reclosure device for 3-pole reclosure
7SA522 Manual 6-183
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Control of the If the 7SA522 is equipped with the internal automatic reclosure function, it may also
internal automatic be controlled by an external protection device. This is of use for example on line ends
reclosure by an with redundant protection or additional back-up protection when the second protection
external protection is used for the same line end and has to work with the automatic reclosure function
device integrated in the 7SA522.
The binary inputs and outputs provided for this functionality must be considered in this
case. It must be decided whether the internal automatic reclosure function is to be
controlled by the starting or by the trip command of the external protection (see also
above under "Operating modes of the automatic reclosure function“ (Page 6)).
If the automatic reclosure is controlled by the trip command, the following inputs and
outputs are recommended for 1-pole cycles:
The automatic reclosure function is started via the binary inputs:
!$56WDUW general fault detection for the automatic reclosure circuit
(only required for action time),
!7ULS/$5 trip command L1 for the automatic reclosure circuit,
!7ULS/$5 trip command L2 for the automatic reclosure circuit,
!7ULS/$5 trip command L3 for the automatic reclosure circuit,
The general fault detection determines the starting of the action times. It is also
necessary if the automatic reclosure circuit is to detect sequential faults by fault
detection. In other cases this input information is superfluous.
The trip commands decide whether the dead time for single-pole or three-pole reclose
cycles is activated or whether the reclosure is blocked in the event of a three-pole trip
(depending on the set dead times).
Figure 6-98 shows the interconnection between the internal automatic reclosure of
7SA522 and an external protection device as a connection example, if 1-pole cycles
are desired.
To achieve three pole coupling of the external protection and to release, if necessary,
its accelerated stages before reclosure the following output signals are suitable:
$5S7ULS3HUP internal automatic reclosure function ready for 1-pole
reclose cycle, i.e. allows 1-pole tripping (logic inversion of
the 3-pole coupling).
$5&\F=RQH5HO internal automatic reclosure function ready for the first
reclose cycle, i.e. releases the stage of the external
protection device for reclosure, the corresponding
outputs can be used for other cycles. This output can be
omitted if the external protection does not require an
overreaching stage (e.g. differential protection or
comparison mode with distance protection).
$53URJUDPSROH internal automatic reclosure function is programmed for
one pole, i.e. only recloses after single-pole tripping.
This output can be omitted if no overreaching stage is
required (e.g. differential protection or comparison mode
with distance protection).
Instead of the three phase-segregated trip commands, the single-pole and three-pole
tripping may also be signalled to the internal automatic reclosure function — provided
that the external protection device is capable of this—, i.e. assign the following binary
inputs of the 7SA522:
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!$56WDUW general fault detection for the internal automatic
reclosure function (only required for action time),
!7ULSSROH$5trip command 1-pole for the internal automatic reclosure
function,
!7ULSSROH$5 trip command 3-pole for the internal automatic reclosure
function,
If only three-pole reclose cycles are to be executed, it is sufficient to assign the binary
input "!7ULSSROH$5“ (F.No ) for the trip signal. Figure 6-99 shows an
example. The overreaching stages of the external protection are again enabled by
"$5&\F=RQH5HO" (F.No ) and if applicable by further cycles.
external 7SA522
protection device
AR Start !$56WDUW
7ULSSLQJ/ !7ULS/$5
7ULSSLQJ/ !7ULS/$5
7ULSSLQJ/ !7ULS/$5
L+ L–
5HOD\3LFNXS $5&\F=RQH5HO
(if nec. for other AR)
SKDVHFRXSOLQJ $5S7ULS3HUP
RQO\SROH $53URJUDPSROH
L– L–
Figure 6-98 Connection example with external protection device for 1-/3-pole reclosure;
AR control mode = ZLWK75,3
external 7SA522
protection device
WULS !$56WDUW
7ULSSLQJ $5S7ULS3HUP
L+ L–
5HOD\3LFNXS $5&\F=RQH5
(if nec. for other AR)
L– L+
Figure 6-99 Connection example with external protection device for 3-pole reclosure;
AR control mode = ZLWK75,3
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If, on the other hand, the internal automatic reclosure function is controlled by the
Pickup (only possible with three-pole tripping), the phase-dedicated pickup signals
must be connected by the external protection. The general trip command then suffices
for tripping (FNo 2746). Figure 6-100 shows a connection example.
external 7SA522
protection device
3LFNXS/ !3LFNXS/$5
3LFNXS/ !3LFNXS/$5
3LFNXS/ !3LFNXS/$5
7ULSSLQJ !7ULSIRU$5
L+ L–
5HOHDVH$56WDJH $5&\F=RQH5HO
(if nec. for other AR)
L– L+
Starting signal for each phase
external 7SA522
protection device
3LFNXSSKDVH !3LFNXSSK$5
3LFNXSSKDVH !3LFNXSSK$5
3LFNXSSKDVH !3LFNXSSK$5
7ULSSLQJ !7ULSIRU$5
L+ L–
5HOHDVH$56WDJH $5&\F=RQH5HO
(if nec. for other AR)
L– L+
Starting signal 1-phase, 2-phase and 3-phase
Figure 6-100 Connection example with external protection device for fault detection
dependent dead time — dead time control by start signals of the protection device;
AR control mode = ZLWK3,&.83
2 protection If redundant protection is provided for a line and each protection operates with its own
devices with 2 automatic reclosure function, a certain signal exchange between the two combinations
automatic is necessary. The connection example in figure 6-101 shows the necessary cross-
reclosure connections.
functions
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If phase segragated auxiliary contacts of the circuit-breaker are connected, a three-
pole coupling by the 7SA522 is guaranteed when more than one CB pole is tripped.
This requires setting of the forced three pole coupling (see section 6.13.2 under
subtitle "Forced three-pole coupling", page 190). An external automatic three-pole
coupling is therefore not necessary when the above conditions are satisfied. This rules
out two-pole tripping under all circumstances.
7SA522 Second protection
internal 2nd
AR function automatic reclosure
BI !$56WDUW $56WDUW BI
BI !7ULS/$5 7ULS/ BI
BI !7ULS/$5 7ULS/ BI
BI !7ULS/$5 7ULS/ BI
L– L–
Protective function
L+ 2nd protective relay L+
SO $56WDUW*) $56WDUW SO
SO 7ULS/ 7ULS/ SO
SO 7ULS/ 7ULS/ SO
SO 7ULS/ 7ULS/ SO
L+ 5HOD\75,3S/ L+
C 5HOD\75,3SK 7ULS/ C
5HOD\75,3S/
C 5HOD\75,3SK 7ULS/ C
5HOD\75,3S/
C 5HOD\75,3SK 7ULS/ C
BI – binary input
SO – signal output
C – commands
*) – for all protective functions
L1 L2 L3
operating with reclosure to the circuit-breaker
Figure 6-101 Connection example for 2 protection devices with 2 automatic reclosure
functions
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6.13.2 Setting the function parameters
General If no reclosure is required on the feeder to which the Distance Protection 7SA522 is
applied (e.g. for cables, transformers, motors or similar), the automatic reclosure
function must be removed during configuration of the device (see Section 5.1, address
). The automatic reclosure function is then completely disabled, i.e. the
automatic reclosure function is not processed in the 7SA522. No signals regarding the
recloser function are generated and the binary inputs for the automatic reclosure
function are ignored. All parameters for setting the automatic reclosure function are
inaccessible and of no significance. Tripping is always three-pole for all faults.
If, on the other hand, the internal automatic reclosure function is to be used, the type
of reclosure must be selected during the configuration of the functions (see Section
5.1) in address $XWR5HFORVH and the $5FRQWUROPRGH in address .
Up to 8 reclosure attempts are allowed with the integrated automatic reclosure
function in the 7SA522. Whereas the settings in the addresses to are
common to all reclosure cycles, the individual settings of the cycles are made from
address onwards. It is therefore possible to set different individual parameters
for the first four reclose cycles. The parameters of the fourth cycle also apply to the
fifth cycle and onwards.
Under address $8725(&/26( the automatic reclosure function can be
switched 2Q or 2II.
A prerequisite for automatic reclosure taking place after a trip due to a short-circuit is
that the circuit-breaker is ready for at least one TRIP–CLOSE–TRIP–cycle at the time
the automatic reclosure circuit is started (i.e. at the time of the first trip command). The
readiness of the circuit-breaker is signalled to the device through the binary input
"!&%5HDG\" (F.No ). If no such signal is available, leave the setting under
address &%"75,3 = 1R because no automatic reclosure would be possible
at all otherwise. If circuit-breaker readiness can be interrogated, the setting
&%"75,3 = <HV should be applied.
Furthermore the circuit-breaker ready state can also be interrogated prior to every
reclosure. This is set when setting the individual reclose cycles (see below).
To check if the circuit-breaker is ready again during the dead times, it is possible to set
a circuit-breaker –ready–monitor time under address &%7,0(287. This time
is set slightly longer than the regeneration time of the circuit-breaker after a TRIP–
CLOSE–TRIP–cycle. If the circuit-breaker is not ready again by the time this timer
expires, no reclosure takes place, the automatic reclosure function is blocked
dynamically.
Waiting for the circuit-breaker to be ready can lead to an increase of the dead times.
Interrogation of a sync. check (if used) can also delay reclosure. To avoid uncontrolled
prolongation it is possible to set a maximum prolongation of the dead time in this case
under address $ 7'($'(;7. This prolongation is unlimited if the setting ∞ is
applied. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Remember that longer dead times are only permissible after three-pole tripping when
no stability problems arise or when a sync. check takes place before reclosure.
The reclaim time 75(&/$,0 (address ) is the time after which the system
disturbance is considered to be over after a successful reclosure. Re-tripping of a
protection function within this time initiates the next reclose cycle in the event of
multiple reclosure; if no further reclosure is permitted, the last reclosure is treated as
unsuccessful. The reclaim time must therefore be longer than the longest response
time of a protective function which can start the automatic reclosure circuit.
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A few seconds are generally sufficient. In regions with frequent storms and
thunderstorms a shorter reclaim time is advisable to reduce the risk of a final trip due
to repeated lightning strikes or cable flashovers.
A long reclaim time must be selected in conjunction with multiple reclosure (see
above) if the circuit-breaker can not be monitored (e.g. due to missing auxiliary
contacts and CB–ready–information). Then the reclaim time must be longer than the
recovery time of the circuit-breaker.
The blocking duration following Manual–Close–detection 7%/2&.0& (address
) must guarantee safe switching on and off of the circuit-breaker (0.5 s to 1 s). If
a fault is detected by a protection function within this time after detected closing of the
circuit-breaker, no reclosure takes place and a final three-pole trip is issued. If this is
not desired, address is set to .
The options for the treatment of sequential faults are described in Section 6.13.1
under the Sub-section "Handling of Sequential Faults" (page 178). The treatment of
sequential faults is not necessary on line ends where the adaptive dead time is applied
(address $XWR5HFORVH = $GDSWLYH'HDG7LPH $'7 , Section 5.1). The
addresses and are then of no consequence and therefore not accessible.
The detection of a sequential fault can be defined under address
(9)/75(&2* with PICKUP means that, during a dead time, every fault
detection by a protection function will be interpreted as a sequential fault. With (9
)/75(&2* ZLWK75,3 a fault during a dead time is only interpreted as a
sequential fault if it has led to a trip command by a protection function. This may also
include trip commands which are coupled in
from external via a binary input or which have been transmitted from an opposite end
of the protected object. If an external protection device operates with the automatic
reclosure function, sequential fault detection with starting requires the connection of a
start signal from the external device to the 7SA522; otherwise a sequential fault can
only be detected with the external trip command even if with PICKUP was set here.
The reaction in response to sequential faults can be selected under address .
(9)/702'( blocks AR means that no reclosure takes place after detection of
a sequential fault. This is always useful when only single-pole reclosure is to take
place or when
stability problems are expected due to the subsequent three-pole dead time. If a three-
pole reclose cycle is to be initiated by tripping of the sequential fault, set (9)/7
02'( = starts 3p AR. In this case a separately adjustable three-pole dead time is
started with the three-pole trip command due to the sequential fault. This is only useful
if three-pole reclosure is also permitted.
Address 76WDUW021,725 monitors the reaction of the circuit-breaker after a
trip command. If the CB has not opened during this time (from the beginning of the trip
command), the automatic reclosure is blocked dynamically. The criterion for circuit
breaker opening is the position of the –circuit-breaker auxiliary contact or the
disappearance of the trip command. If a circuit-breaker failure protection (internal or
external) is used on the feeder, this time should be shorter than the delay time of the
circuit-breaker failure protection so that no reclosure takes place if the circuit-breaker
fails.
If the reclosure command is transmitted to the opposite end, this transmission can be
delayed by the time setting in address 75HPRWH&ORVH. This transmission is
only posible if the device operates with adaptive dead time at the remote end (address
$XWR5HFORVH = $GDSWLYH'HDG7LPH $'7 at remote end). This
parameter is otherwise irrelevant. On the one hand, this delay serves to prevent the
remote end device from reclosing unnecessarily when local reclosure is unsuccessful.
On the other hand it should be noted that the line is not available for energy transport
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until the remote end has also closed. This delay must therefore be added to the dead
time for consideration of the network stability.
Configuration of This configuration concerns the interaction between the protection and supplementary
the automatic functions of the device and the automatic reclosure function. The selection of functions
reclosure function of the device which are to start the automatic reclosure circuit and which are not to, is
made here.
In the 7SA522 this concerns:
Address $5Z',67, i.e. with distance protection,
Address $5Z627)2&, i.e. with high–current fast tripping,
Address $5Z:,, i.e. with weak–infeed trip function,
Address $5Z()2&, i.e. with transfer trip and remote trip,
Address $5Z'77, i.e. with externally coupled trip command,
Address $5Z%DFN8S2&, i.e. with time–overcurrent protection.
For the functions which are to start the automatic reclosure circuit, the corresponding
address is set to <HV, for the others to 1R. The other functions (overload protection)
cannot start the automatic reclosure because reclosure is of little use here.
Forced three-pole If reclosure is blocked during the dead time of a single-pole cycle without a three-pole
coupling trip command having been given, the line remains tripped single pole. With address
$575,3SROH it is possible to determine that the tripping logic of the device
issues a three-pole trip command in this case (pole discrepancy prevention for the CB
poles). Set this address to <HV if the CB can be tripped single-pole and has no pole
discrepancy protection itself. Nevertheless, the device pre-empts the pole disrepancy
protection of the CB poles because the forced three-pole coupling of the device is
immediately activated as soon as the reclosure is blocked following a single-pole trip
or if the CB auxiliary contacts indicate a non plausible switching state (see also section
6.13.1 under subtitle "Processing the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts“). The forced
three-pole coupling is also activated when only three-pole cycles are allowed but a
single-pole trip is signalled externally via a binary input.
The forced three pole coupling is unnecessary if only a common three-pole control of
the CB is possible.
Dead line check/ Under address the dead line check or the reduced dead time function can be
reduced dead time activated. Either the one or the other can be used as the two options are contradictory.
The voltage transformers must be connected to the line side of the circuit breaker if
either of these modes is to be used. If this is not the case or if neither of the two
functions is used, set '/&RU5'7 = :,7+287. If the adaptive dead time is used (see
below), the parameters mentioned here are omitted because the adaptive dead time
implies the properties of the reduced dead time.
'/&RU5'7 = '/& means that the dead line check of the line voltage is used. This
only enables reclosure after it becomes apparent that the line is dead. In this case, the
setting 8GHDG under address determines the limit voltage, Phase–
Earth,below which the line is considered to be definitely dead (disconnected). The
setting is appied in Volts secondary. This value can be entered as a primary value
when parametrizing with a PC and DIGSI® 4. Address 78VWDEOH determines
the measuring time available for determining the no-voltage condition. Address
is irrelevant here.
'/&RU5'7 = 5'7 means that the reduced dead time is used. This is described in
detail in section 6.13.1 under subtitle "Reduced Dead Time (RDT)“, page 179. In this
case the setting under address 8OLYH! determines the limit voltage, Phase–
Earth,above which the line is considered to be fault-free. It must be set smaller than
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the smallest expected operating voltage. The setting is applied in Volts secondary.
This value can be entered as a primary value when parametrizing with a PC and
DIGSI® 4. Address 78VWDEOH determines the measuring time available for
determining this voltage. It should be longer than any transient oscillations resulting
from line energisation. Address is irrelevant here.
Adaptive When operating with adaptive dead time, it must initially be ensured that one end per
dead time (ADT) line operates with defined dead times and has an infeed. The other (or the others in
multi-branch lines) may operate with adaptive dead time. It is essential that the voltage
transformers are located on the line side of the circuit breaker. Details about this
function can be found in section 6.13.1 under subtitle "Adaptive Dead Time (ADT)" on
page 180.
For the line end with defined dead times the number of desired reclose cycles must be
set during the configuration of the protective functions (section 5.1) under address
$XWR5HFORVH. For the devices operating with adaptive dead time $XWR5HFORVH
= $GDSWLYH'HDG7LPH $'7 must be set during the configuration of the
protective functions (section 5.1) under address . Only the parameters described
below are interrogated in the latter case. No settings are then made for the individual
reclosure cycles. The adaptive dead time implies functionality of reduced dead time.
The adaptive dead time may be controlled by return voltage or by both return voltage
and the remote–CLOSE–command. Both is possible at the same time.
In the first case reclosure takes place as soon as the return voltage, after reclosure at
the remote end, is detected. For this purpose the device must be connected to voltage
transformers located on the line side of the circuit breaker. In the case of
remoteclose, the device waits until the remoteclose command is received before
issuing the reclose command.
The action time 7$&7,21$'7 (address ) is the time after a pick-up by a
protection function which is able to activate the automatic reclosure within which the
trip command must occur. If the command does not appear until after the action time
has expired, there is no reclosure. Depending on the configuration of the protection
functions (see section 5.1) the action time may also be omitted; this particularly
applies when an initiating protection function has no fault detection signal (only trip
signal).
The dead times are determined by the reclosure command of the device at the line
end with the defined dead times. In cases where this reclosure command does not
appear, e.g. because the reclosure was in the mean time blocked there, the readiness
of the local device must return to the quiescent state at some time. This takes place
after the maximum wait time 70$;$'7 (address ). This must be long enough
to include the last reclosure of the remote end. In the case of single cycle
reclosure, the sum total of maximum dead time plus reclaim time of the other device
is sufficient. In the case of multiple reclosure the worst case is that all reclosures of the
other end except the last one are unsuccessful. The time of all these cycles must be
taken into account. To save having to make exact calculations, it is possible to use the
sum of all dead times and all protection operating times plus one reclaim time.
Under address $'7SDOORZHG it can be determined whether single-pole
tripping is allowed (on condition that single-pole tripping is possible). If 1R, the
protection trips three-pole for all fault types. If <HV the tripping capability of the
initiating protection functions is decisive.
Under address $'7&%"&/26( it can be determine whether circuit-breaker
ready is interrogated before reclosure after an adaptive dead time. If set to <HV the
dead time may be extended if at the end of the dead time the circuit-breaker is not
ready for a TRIP–CLOSE–cycle. The maximum extention is by the circuit-breaker–
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monitoring time; which was set for all reclosure cycles under address (see
above). Details about the circuit-breaker–monitoring can be found in the function
description, section 6.13.1, under subtitle "Interrogation of circuit-breaker ready state“,
page 175.
If there is a risk of stability problems in the network during a three-pole interruption,
the setting in address $'76\Q5HTXHVW should be <HV. In this case the voltage
of the line and busbar are checked after a three pole trip and before reclosure to
determine if sufficient synchronism exists. This assumes that the device has a voltage
and sync. check capability or that an external device is available for this purpose.
If only single-pole reclosure cycles are executed or no stability problems are expected
during three-pole dead times (e.g. due to close meshing of the network or in radial
networks), set address to 1R.
Addresses and are only significant if the voltage-controlled adaptive dead
time is used. Set under address 8OLYH! the limit voltage Phase–Earth above
which the line is considered to be fault-free. The setting must be smalIer than the
lowest expected operating voltage. The setting is applied in Volts secondary. This
value can be entered as a primary value when parametrizing with a PC and DIGSI® 4.
Address 78VWDEOH determines the measuring time used to determine that
the line is fault free with this return voltage. It should be longer than any transient
oscillations resulting from line energization.
1st Reclosure If working on a line with adaptive dead time, no further parameters are needed for the
Cycle individual reclose cycles here. All the following parameters assigned to the individual
cycles are then superfluous and inaccessible.
Address $5 67$57 is only available if the automatic reclosure is configured
with action time in the operating mode, i. e. if address $5FRQWUROPRGH =
3LFNXSZ7DFW or 7ULSZ7DFW was set when configuring the protection
functions (the first setting only applies to three-pole tripping). It determines whether
automatic reclosure should be started at all with the first cycle. This address is
included mainly for the sake of uniformity of the parameters for all the reclosure cycles
and must be set to <HV for the first cycle. If several cycles are used it is possible to
control (in control mode with PICKUP) the effect of the individual cycles with this
parameter and various action times. Notes and examples can be found in section
6.13.1 under subtitle "Action times" (page 173).
The action time $5 7$&7,21 (address ) is the time after initiation (fault
detection) by any protective function which can start the automatic reclosure function
within which the trip command must appear. If the command does not appear until
after the action time has expired, there is no reclosure. Depending on the configuration
of the protective functions (see section 5.1) the action time may also be omitted; this
applies especially when an initiating protective function has no fault detection signal.
Depending on the configured operating mode of the automatic reclosure (see section
5.1 under address $5FRQWUROPRGH) only addresses and (if
control mode ZLWK75,3) or the addresses to (if operating mode
with PICKUP) are available.
In the control mode ZLWK75,3it is possible to set different dead times for single-
pole and three-pole reclose cycles. Whether single-pole or three-pole tripping takes
place depends solely on the initiating protection functions. Single-pole tripping is only
possible of course if the device and the corresponding protection function are also
capable of single-pole tripping.
Address $57GHDG7ULS is the dead time after 1-pole tripping,
Address $57GHDG7ULS is the dead time after 3-pole tripping.
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If only single-pole reclose cycle are to be allowed, the dead time for three-pole tripping
must be set to ∞. If only three-pole reclose cycle are to be allowed, the dead time for
single-pole tripping must be set to ∞; the protection then trips three-pole for all fault
types.
The dead time after single-pole tripping (if set) $57GHDG7ULS (address )
should be long enough for the short-circuit arc to be extinguished and the surrounding
air to be de-ionized so that the reclosure promises to be successful. The longer the
line is, the longer this time should be due to the recharging of the conductor
capacitances. The typical values are 0.9 s to 1.5 s.
For three-pole tripping (address $57GHDG7ULS) the stability of the network
is the main concern. Since the disconnected line cannot transfer any
synchronizing forces, only a short dead time is often permitted. The usual values are
0.3 s to 0.6 s. If the device is operating with a synchronism check, a longer time may
be tolerated under certain circumstances. Longer three-pole dead times are also
possible in radial networks.
In the control mode with PICKUP it is possible to make the dead times dependent on
the type of fault detected by the initiating protection function(s):
address $57GHDG)OW is the dead time after 1-phase starting,
address $57GHDG)OW is the dead time after 2-phase starting,
address $57GHDG)OW is the dead time after 3-phase starting.
If the dead time is to be the same for all types of faults, set all three parameters the
same. Note that these settings only cause different dead times for different starting
(fault detection). The tripping can only be three-pole.
With the setting VWDUWVS$5 applied in address (9)/702'(when
setting the response to sequential faults (see above under "General", page 188), it is
possible to apply a separate dead time $5 7GHDG(9 (address ) for the
three-pole dead time after clearance of the sequential fault. Stability aspects are also
decisive here. Normally the setting constraints are similar to address $5
7GHDG7ULS.
Under address $5 &%"&/26( it can be determined whether circuit-breaker
ready must be interrogated before this first reclosure. With the setting <HV, the dead
time may be extended if the circuit-breaker is not ready for a MAKE–BREAK–cycle
when the dead time expires. At most the dead time can be extended by the &%7,0(
287; this was set for all reclosure cycles together under address (see above).
Details about the circuit-breaker–monitoring can be found in the function description,
section 6.13.1, under subtitle "Interrogation of circuit-breaker ready state", page 175.
If there is a danger of stability problems in the network during a three-pole
dead time, you should set address $56\Q5HTXHVW to <HV. In this case a
check is made before every reclosure following three-pole tripping whether the
voltages of the feeder and busbar are sufficiently synchronized. This on condition that
either the internal synchronism and voltage check function is available or that an
external device is available for synchronism check. If only single-pole reclose
cycles are executed or no stability problems are expected during three-pole dead
times (e.g. due to closely meshed networks or in radial networks), set address
to 1R.
2nd to 4th If several cycles were selected during the configuration of the scope of functions
reclosure cycle (section 5.1), it is possible to set individual reclosure parameters for the 2nd to 4th
cycles. The options are the same as for the 1st cycle. Again only some of the
parameters shown below will be available depending on the selections made during
configuration of the scope of protection function (section 5.1).
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For the 2nd cycle:
Address $5 67$57; determines if starting in 2nd cycle is allowed at all
Address $5 7$&7,21; action time for the 2nd cycle
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 1-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 2-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 3-phase starting
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 1-pole tripping
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 3-pole tripping
Address $5 7GHDG(9; dead time in case of sequential fault
Address $5 &%"&/26(; check CB ready before reclosure
Address $56\Q5HTXHVW; sync. check after 3-pole tripping
For the 3rd cycle:
Address $5 67$57; determines if starting in 3rd cycle is allowed at all
Address $5 7$&7,21; action time for the 3rd cycle
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 1-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 2-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 3-phase starting
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 1-pole tripping
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 3-pole tripping
Address $5 7GHDG(9; dead time in case of sequential fault
Address $5 &%"&/26(; check CB ready before reclosure
Address $56\Q5HTXHVW; sync. check after 3-pole tripping
For the 4th cycle:
Address $5 67$57; determines if starting in 4th cycle is allowed at all
Address $5 7$&7,21; action time for the 4th cycle
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 1-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 2-phase starting
Address $57GHDG)OW; dead time after 3-phase starting
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 1-pole tripping
Address $57GHDG7ULS; dead time after 3-pole tripping
Address $5 7GHDG(9; dead time in case of sequential fault
Address $5 &%"&/26(; check CB ready before reclosure
Address $56\Q5HTXHVW; sync. check after 3-pole tripping
5th to 8th If more than 4 cycles have been selected during the configuration of the scope of
reclosure cycles functions (section 5.1), the cycles following the fourth cycle operate with the same
settings as the fourth cycle.
6.13.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3401 AUTO RECLOSE OFF ON Auto-Reclose function
ON
3402 CB? 1.TRIP YES NO CB ready interrogation at 1st trip
NO
3403 T-RECLAIM 0.50..300.00 sec 3.00 sec Reclaim time after successful
AR cycle
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3404 T-BLOCK MC 0.50..300.00 sec; 0 1.00 sec AR blocking duration after
manual close
3406 EV. FLT. RECOG. with Pickup with Trip Evolving fault recognition
with Trip
3407 EV. FLT. MODE blocks AR starts 3pole AR- Evolving fault (during the dead
starts 3pole AR-cycle cycle time)
3408 T-Start MONITOR 0.01..300.00 sec 0.20 sec AR start-signal monitoring time
3409 CB TIME OUT 0.01..300.00 sec 3.00 sec Circuit Breaker (CB) Supervision
Time
3410 T RemoteClose 0.00..300.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Send delay for remote close
command
3411A T-DEAD EXT. 0.50..300.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Maximum dead time extension
3430 AR TRIP 3pole YES YES 3pole TRIP by AR
NO
3433 T-ACTION ADT 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3434 T-MAX ADT 0.50..3000.00 sec 5.00 sec Maximum dead time
3435 ADT 1p allowed YES NO 1pole TRIP allowed
NO
3436 ADT CB? CLOSE YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3437 ADT SynRequest YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3438 T U-stable 0.10..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Supervision time for dead/ live
voltage
3440 U-live> 30..90 V 48 V Voltage threshold for live line or
bus
3441 U-dead< 2..70 V 30 V Voltage threshold for dead line
or bus
3450 1.AR: START YES YES Start of AR allowed in this cycle
NO
3451 1.AR: T-ACTION 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3453 1.AR Tdead 1Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3454 1.AR Tdead 2Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3455 1.AR Tdead 3Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3456 1.AR Tdead1Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3457 1.AR Tdead3Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3458 1.AR: Tdead EV. 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3459 1.AR: CB? CLOSE YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3460 1.AR SynRequest YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
7SA522 Manual 6-195
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3461 2.AR: START YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3462 2.AR: T-ACTION 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3464 2.AR Tdead 1Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3465 2.AR Tdead 2Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3466 2.AR Tdead 3Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3467 2.AR Tdead1Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3468 2.AR Tdead3Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3469 2.AR: Tdead EV. 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3470 2.AR: CB? CLOSE YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3471 2.AR SynRequest YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3472 3.AR: START YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3473 3.AR: T-ACTION 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3475 3.AR Tdead 1Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3476 3.AR Tdead 2Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3477 3.AR Tdead 3Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3478 3.AR Tdead1Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3479 3.AR Tdead3Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3480 3.AR: Tdead EV. 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3481 3.AR: CB? CLOSE YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3482 3.AR SynRequest YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3483 4.AR: START YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3484 4.AR: T-ACTION 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3486 4.AR Tdead 1Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3487 4.AR Tdead 2Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3488 4.AR Tdead 3Flt 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3489 4.AR Tdead1Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3490 4.AR Tdead3Trip 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3491 4.AR: Tdead EV. 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3492 4.AR: CB? CLOSE YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3493 4.AR SynRequest YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3431 DLC or RDT Without Without Dead Line Check or Reduced
Reduced Dead Time (RDT) Dead Time
Dead Line Check (DLC)
3420 AR w/ DIST. YES YES AR with distance protection
NO
3421 AR w/ SOTF-O/C YES YES AR with switch-onto-fault over-
NO current
3422 AR w/ W/I YES YES AR with weak infeed tripping
NO
3423 AR w/ EF-O/C YES YES AR with earth fault overcurrent
NO prot.
3424 AR w/ DTT YES YES AR with direct transfer trip
NO
3425 AR w/ BackUpO/C YES YES AR with back-up overcurrent
NO
6.13.4 Information overview
The most important information about automatic reclosure is briefly explained
insofar as it was not mentioned in the following lists or described in detail in the
preceding text.
"!%/.$5F\FOH" (F.No. 2742) to "!%/.Q$5“ (F.No. 2745)
The corresponding reclose cycle is blocked. If the blocking state already exists when
the automatic reclosure function is initiated, the blocked cycle is not executed and may
be skipped (if other cycles are permitted). The same applies if the automatic
reclosure function is started(running) but not busy with(inside) the cycle being
blocked. If the block signal of a cycle appears while this cycle is being executed (busy)
the automatic reclosure function is blocked dynamically; no further automatic
reclosures cycles are then executed.
"$5&\F=RQH5HO" (F.No. 2889) to "$5&\F=RQH5HO" (F.No. 2892)
The automatic reclosure function is ready for the corresponding reclosure cycle. This
information indicates which cycle will be run next. For example, external protection
functions can use this information to release accelerated or overreaching trip stages
prior to the corresponding reclose cycle.
"$5LVEORFNHG" (F.No. 2783)
The automatic reclosure is blocked (e.g. circuit-breaker not ready). This information
indicates to the operational information system that in the event of an upcoming
system fault there will be a final trip, i.e. without reclosure. If the automatic reclosure
is already started, this information does not appear.
"$5QRWUHDG\" (F.No. )
The automatic reclosure is not ready for reclosure at the moment. In addition to the
"$5LVEORFNHG" (F.No. ) mentioned above there are also obstructions during
the course of the reclose cycles such as "action time expired" or "last reclaim time
running". This information is particularly helpful during testing because no protection
test cycle with reclosure may be initiated during this state.
7SA522 Manual 6-197
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Functions
"$5LQSURJUHVV" (F.No. )
This information appears following starting of the automatic reclosure function, i.e.
with the first trip command that can start the automatic reclosure function. If this
reclosure was successful (or any in the case of more than one), this information
resets with the expiry of the last reclaim time. If no reclosure was successful or if
reclosure was blocked, it ends with the last — the final — trip command.
"$56\QF5HTXHVW" (F.No. )
Request for sync check measurement to an external device. This information appears
at the end of a dead time after a three-pole trip if a sync check request was set for the
corresponding cycle. Reclosure only takes place when the sync. check device has
granted release "!6\QFUHOHDVH" (F.No. ).
">Sync.release" (F.No. )
Release of reclosure by an external sync. check device if this was requested by the
output information "$56\QF5HTXHVW" (F.No. ).
F.No. Alarm Comments
2701 >AR on >AR: Switch on auto-reclose function
2702 >AR off >AR: Switch off auto-reclose function
2703 >AR block >AR: Block auto-reclose function
2711 >AR Start >External start of internal Auto reclose
2712 >Trip L1 AR >AR: External trip L1 for AR start
2713 >Trip L2 AR >AR: External trip L2 for AR start
2714 >Trip L3 AR >AR: External trip L3 for AR start
2715 >Trip 1pole AR >AR: External 1pole trip for AR start
2716 >Trip 3pole AR >AR: External 3pole trip for AR start
2727 >AR RemoteClose >AR: Remote Close signal
2731 >Sync.release >AR: Sync. release from ext. sync.-check
2737 >BLOCK 1pole AR >AR: Block 1pole AR-cycle
2738 >BLOCK 3pole AR >AR: Block 3pole AR-cycle
2739 >BLK 1phase AR >AR: Block 1phase-fault AR-cycle
2740 >BLK 2phase AR >AR: Block 2phase-fault AR-cycle
2741 >BLK 3phase AR >AR: Block 3phase-fault AR-cycle
2742 >BLK 1.AR-cycle >AR: Block 1st AR-cycle
2743 >BLK 2.AR-cycle >AR: Block 2nd AR-cycle
2744 >BLK 3.AR-cycle >AR: Block 3rd AR-cycle
2745 >BLK 4.-n. AR >AR: Block 4th and higher AR-cycles
2746 >Trip for AR >AR: External Trip for AR start
2747 >Pickup L1 AR >AR: External pickup L1 for AR start
2748 >Pickup L2 AR >AR: External pickup L2 for AR start
2749 >Pickup L3 AR >AR: External pickup L3 for AR start
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Functions
F.No. Alarm Comments
2750 >Pickup 1ph AR >AR: External pickup 1phase for AR start
2751 >Pickup 2ph AR >AR: External pickup 2phase for AR start
2752 >Pickup 3ph AR >AR: External pickup 3phase for AR start
2781 AR off AR: Auto-reclose is switched off
2782 AR on AR: Auto-reclose is switched on
2783 AR is blocked AR: Auto-reclose is blocked
2784 AR not ready AR: Auto-reclose is not ready
2787 CB not ready AR: Circuit breaker not ready
2788 AR T-CBreadyExp AR: CB ready monitoring window expired
2796 AR on/off BI AR: Auto-reclose ON/OFF via BI
2801 AR in progress AR in progress
2809 AR T-Start Exp AR: Start-signal monitoring time expired
2810 AR TdeadMax Exp AR: Maximum dead time expired
2818 AR evolving Flt AR: Evolving fault recognition
2820 AR Program1pole AR is set to operate after 1p trip only
2821 AR Td. evol.Flt AR dead time after evolving fault
2839 AR Tdead 1pTrip AR dead time after 1pole trip running
2840 AR Tdead 3pTrip AR dead time after 3pole trip running
2841 AR Tdead 1pFlt AR dead time after 1phase fault running
2842 AR Tdead 2pFlt AR dead time after 2phase fault running
2843 AR Tdead 3pFlt AR dead time after 3phase fault running
2844 AR 1stCyc. run. AR 1st cycle running
2845 AR 2ndCyc. run. AR 2nd cycle running
2846 AR 3rdCyc. run. AR 3rd cycle running
2847 AR 4thCyc. run. AR 4th or higher cycle running
2848 AR ADT run. AR cycle is running in ADT mode
2851 AR CLOSE Cmd. AR: Close command
2852 AR Close1.Cyc1p AR: Close command after 1pole, 1st cycle
2853 AR Close1.Cyc3p AR: Close command after 3pole, 1st cycle
2854 AR Close 2.Cyc AR: Close command 2nd cycle (and higher)
2861 AR T-Recl. run. AR: Reclaim time is running
2862 AR successful AR successful
2864 AR 1p Trip Perm AR: 1pole trip permitted by internal AR
2865 AR Sync.Request AR: Synchro-check request
2871 AR TRIP 3pole AR: TRIP command 3pole
2889 AR 1.CycZoneRel AR 1st cycle zone extension release
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F.No. Alarm Comments
2890 AR 2.CycZoneRel AR 2nd cycle zone extension release
2891 AR 3.CycZoneRel AR 3rd cycle zone extension release
2892 AR 4.CycZoneRel AR 4th cycle zone extension release
2893 AR Zone Release AR zone extension (general)
2894 AR Remote Close AR Remote close signal send
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6.14 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional)
6.14.1 Method of Operation
General The synchronism and voltage check function ensures, when switching a line onto a
bus-bar , that the stability of the network is not endangered. The function can be
programmed to perform the synchronism and voltage check for automatic reclosure
only, for manual closure only, or for both cases. Different close permission (release)
criteria can also be programmed for automatic and manual closure.
The synchronism and voltage check function uses the feeder voltage — designated
with Uline — and the bus-bar voltage — designated with Ubus — for comparison
purposes. The latter may be any convenient phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase voltage
derived from the bus-bar voltage transformers.
Bus-bar
Feeder
I Uline
7SA522
TRIP Protection
CLOSE AR
Sync Discrepancy
switch
Ubus
L+
Figure 6-102 Synchronism check on closing
If a power transformer is situated between the feeder voltage transformers and the
bus-bar voltage transformers (Figure 6-103), its vector group can be compensated for
by the 7SA522 relay, so that no external matching transformers are necessary.
The synchronism check function in the 7SA522 usually operates in conjunction with
the integrated automatic reclose and manual close functions of the relay. It is however
also possible to co-ordinate with an external automatic reclosure relay. In this case,
the information exchange between the devices must be performed through binary
inputs and outputs. If further control functions are to operate with synchronism or
voltage check, these must be combined with the manual close function, either through
the binary inputs and outputs, or by means of the integrated user definable logic
functions (CFC).
7SA522 Manual 6-201
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Functions
Bus-bar
Transformer
I Uline
7SA522
TRIP Protection
Discrepancy
CLOSE Sync switch
L+
Ubus
Figure 6-103 Synchronism check across a transformer
Furthermore, switching is possible with synchronous or asynchronous system
conditions ( 2SPRGHZLWK$5 / - 2SPRGHZLWK0& - 2SHUDWLQJ
0RGHZLWK: ZLWKFRQVLGHUDWLRQRI&%FORVLQJWLPH -> selects
asynchronous closing mode). Synchronous switching means that the closing
command is given as soon as the critical values (voltage magnitude difference 0D[
9ROW'LII, angle difference 0D[$QJOH'LII, and frequency difference 0D[
)UHT'LII) lie within the set tolerances. For switching with asynchronous system
conditions, the device calculates the correct timing of the closing command from the
angle difference0D[$QJOH'LII and the frequency difference 0D[)UHT
'LII such that the voltages on the bus-bar and the feeder circuit have exactly the
same phase relationship at the instant that the circuit breaker primary contacts close.
For this purpose the circuit breaker closing time must be programmed into the relay.
Different frequency limit thresholds apply to switching under synchronism and
asynchronous conditions: If closing shall be permitted exclusively under synchronous
system conditions, the frequency difference limit for this condition can be set. If closing
is permitted under synchronous as well as under asynchronous system conditions, a
frequency difference below 0.01 Hz is treated as a synchronous condition, a higher
frequency difference value can then be set for closing under asynchronous system
conditions.
The synchronism check function only operates when it is requested to do so. This
request can come from the internal automatic reclosure function, from the manual
closing command or from an external automatic reclose relay via binary input.
The synchronism check function gives permission for passage of the closing
command. Optionally, a closing command my be issued by the synchronism check
function. This can directly control the closing coil of the circuit breaker, or be
connected in series with the automatic reclose command.
The time window during which synchronism check is permitted is limited by an
adjustable synchronous monitoring time. Within this period, the programmed
conditions must have been met otherwise closing permission will not be given. A new
synchronism check sequence requires a new request.
The device outputs messages if, after a request to check synchronism, the conditions
for release are not fulfilled, i.e. if the absolute voltage difference 0D[9ROW'LII,
6-202 7SA522 Manual
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Functions
the absolute frequency difference 0D[)UHT'LII, or the absolute phase angle
difference 0D[)UHT'LII lie outside the permissible limit values. A precondition
for these messages is that voltages within the operating range of the relay are
available.
Operating modes The closing check procedure can be selected from the following operating modes:
− 6<1&&+(&. = Release at synchronism, that is, when the critical values
0D[9ROW'LII, 0D[)UHT'LII and 0D[
$QJOH'LII lie within the set limits.
− 8V\QF!8OLQH = Release for energized bus-bar (Ubus>) and de-
energized line (Uline<).
− 8V\QF 8OLQH! = Release for de-energized bus-bar (Ubus<) and
energized line (Uline>).
− 8V\QF 8OLQH = Release for de-energized bus-bar (Ubus<) and de-
energized line (Uline<).
− 29(55,'( = Release without any check.
Each of these conditions can be switched to be effective or not effective; combinations
are also possible (e.g. release when 8V\QF!8OLQH or 8V\QF 8OLQH! are
satisfied). Combination of 29(55,'( with other parameters is, of course, not
meaningful.
The release conditions can be set individually for automatic and for manual closing,
e.g. you can permit manual closing at synchronism or dead line, whilst before an
automatic reclosure, at one line end only dead line and, at the other, only synchronism
will be permitted.
Dead-line or dead- For release of the closing command to energize a voltage free line from a live bus-bar,
bus closing the following conditions are checked:
− Does the feeder voltage Uline lie below the set value 'HDG9ROW7KU?
− Does the bus-bar voltage Ubus lie above the set value /LYH9ROW7KU, but
below the maximum operating voltage 8PD[?
− Does the bus-bar voltage frequency fbus lie within the permissible operating range
fN ± 3 Hz?
When the conditions are satisfied, the closing command is released.
Corresponding conditions apply when switching a live line onto a dead bus-bar or a
dead line onto a dead bus-bar.
Closing at To release a closing command at synchronous system conditions, the following
synchronous conditions are checked:
system conditions
− Does the bus-bar voltage Ubus lie above the set value /LYH9ROW7KU, but
below the maximum operating voltage 8PD[?
− Does the feeder voltage Uline lie above the set value /LYH9ROW7KU, but below
the maximum operating voltage 8PD[?
− Does the voltage magnitude difference |Uline| – |Ubus| lie within the permissible
tolerance 0D[9ROW'LII?
− Do both the frequencies fbus and fline lie within the permissible operating range
fN ± 3 Hz?
7SA522 Manual 6-203
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Functions
− Does the frequency difference |fline – fbus| lie within the permissible tolerance 0D[
)UHT'LII?
− Does the angle difference |ϕline – ϕbus| lie within the permissible tolerance 0D[
$QJOH'LII?
A check that the synchronous system conditions are maintained for the minimum
duration 76<1&67$% is carried out. When the conditions are satisfied for this
duration within the synchronous supervision time 76<1'85$7,21, the closing
command is released.
Closing at For release of a closing command with asynchronous system conditions, the following
Asynchronous conditions are checked:
System Conditions
− Does the bus-bar voltage Ubus lie above the set value /LYH9ROW7KU, but
below the maximum operating voltage 8PD[?
− Does the feeder voltage Uline lie above the set value /LYH9ROW7KU, but below
the maximum operating voltage 8PD[?
− Does the voltage magnitude difference |Uline| – |Ubus| lie within the permissible
tolerance 0D[9ROW'LII?
− Do both the frequencies fbus and fline lie within the permissible operating range
fN ± 3 Hz?
− Does the frequency difference |fline – fbus| lie within the permissible tolerance 0D[
)UHT'LII?
When the conditions are satisfied, the device calculates the time upto the next instant
of voltage phase synchronism, from the rate-of-change of angle and the frequency
difference. The closing command is then released at the instant when the remaining
time upto the the next instant of synchronism equals the closing time of the breaker.
6.14.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
Preconditions When setting the general power system data (Power system data 1, refer to Section
6.1.1) a number of parameters regarding the measured quantities and the operating
mode of the synchronism check function must be applied. This concerns the following
parameters:
8QRP35,0$5< rated primary voltage of the feeder voltage transformers
(phase-to-phase) in kV;
8QRP6(&21'$5< rated secondary voltage of the feeder voltage
transformers (phase-to-phase) in V;
8WUDQVIRUPHU connection of the additional voltage transformer input U4
of the device; must be 8EXV²WUQVI and connected to
any voltage of the bus-bar;
Usync connect. type of voltage which is connected to the device from the
bus-bar voltage transformer;
$ ϕ Usync-Uline phase angle displacement between the voltage of the
bus-bar and that of the feeder in case a power
transformer is installed inbetween;
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8OLQH8V\QF the ratio of the secondary feeder voltage to the secondary
bus-bar voltage under nominal voltage conditions;
5DWHG)UHTXHQF\ the operating range of the synchronism check is: rated
frequency ± 3 Hz;
and, if switching at asynchronous system conditions is allowed,
7&%FORVH the closing time of the circuit breaker.
Warning!
Incorrect synchronization is possible if the closing time of the circuit breaker is not set
correctly under the general power system data (Power system data 1, see Sub-section
6.1.1, address ).
General The synchronism and voltage check function can only operate if it was configured as
HQDEOHG during setting of the scope of functions (see Section 5.1, address ).
Different interrogation conditions can be parameterized for automatic reclosure on the
one hand and for manual closure on the other hand.
The general limit values for closure are set under addresses to .
Additionally, addresses to are relevant for automatic reclosure, addresses
to are relevant for manual closure.
The complete synchronism and voltage check function is switched Off or On under
address )&76\QFKURQLVP. The close command is not released when the
function is switched off.
The voltage below which the line or bus-bar is safely regarded as being dead, is set
under address 'HDG9ROW7KU (for de-energized line or bus-bar check).
Setting is applied in volts secondary; when operating the device from a personal
computer using DIGSI® 4, setting may be in secondary or primary values. Depending
on the connection of the bus-bar voltage (phase–phase or phase–earth) the phase–
phase or the phase–earth voltage is decisive.
The voltage above which the feeder or bus-bar is regarded as being definitely live, is
set under address /LYH9ROW7KU (for energized line or bus-bar check and
for the lower limit of synchronism check). It must be set below the minimum expected
operating voltage under normal conditions. Setting is in volts secondary; when
operating the device from a personal computer using DIGSI® 4, setting may be in
secondary or primary values. Depending on the connection of the bus-bar voltage
(phase–phase or phase–earth) the phase–phase or the phase–earth voltage is
decisive.
The maximum permissable voltage for the operating range of the synchronism and
voltage check function is set under address 8PD[. Setting is in volts secondary;
when operating the device from a personal computer using DIGSI® 4, setting may be
in secondary or primary values. Depending on the connection of the bus-bar voltage
(phase–phase or phase–earth) the phase–phase or the phase–earth voltage is
decisive.
Address 76<1'85$7,21 determines the period of time, starting from the
measurement request (i.e. from the close command), within which the
synchronismcheck conditions must be fulfilled. When the conditions are not fulfilled
within this time, closing is blocked. When set to ∞ the conditions will always be
checked until they are fulfilled.
7SA522 Manual 6-205
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Functions
If the conditions for synchronous operation must be checked to be maintained for a
certain duration, this minimum duration can be set under address 76<1&
67$%.
Synchronism Addresses to are relevant to the check conditions before automatic
check conditions reclosure of the circuit breaker. When setting the parameters for the internal
before automatic automatic reclosing function (Section 6.13.2) it is decided with which automatic
reclosure reclosing cycle synchronism and voltage check should be carried out.
Address 2SPRGHZLWK$5 determines whether closing under asynchronous
system conditions is allowed. Set this parameter to ZLWK7&%FORVH, if
asynchronous closing shall be allowed; the relay will then consider the circuit breaker
closing time before determining the correct instant for the closing command.
Remember that closing under asynchronous system conditions is allowed only if the
circuit breaker closing time is set correctly (see above under Preconditions)! If you
wish to permit automatic reclosure only under synchronous system conditions, set this
address to
ZR7&%FORVH.
The permissible magnitude difference of the voltages is set under address 0D[
9ROW'LII. Setting is in volts secondary; when operating the device from a
personal computer using DIGSI® 4, setting may be in secondary or primary values.
Depending on the connection of the bus-bar voltage (phase–phase or phase–earth)
the phase–phase or the phase–earth voltage is decisive.
The permissible frequency difference between the voltages is set under address
0D[)UHT'LII, the permissible phase angle difference under address
0D[$QJOH'LII.
The further release conditions for automatic reclosing are set under addresses $
to :
$ 6<1&&+(&. = synchronism check: the bus-bar (Ubus) and the
feeder (Uline) must both be live (/LYH9ROW
7KU, address ); the conditions for
synchronism 0D[9ROW'LII (address ),
0D[)UHT'LII (address ), and 0D[
$QJOH'LII (address ) are checked before
automatic reclosure;
8V\QF!8OLQH = dead-line check: the bus-bar (Ubus) must be live
(/LYH9ROW7KU, refer to address ), the
feeder (Uline) must be dead ('HDG9ROW7KU,
refer to address );
8V\QF 8OLQH! = dead-bus check: the bus-bar (Ubus) must be dead
('HDG9ROW7KU, refer to address ), the
feeder (Uline) must be live (/LYH9ROW7KU,
refer to address );
8V\QF 8OLQH = dead-bus and dead-line check: the bus-bar (Ubus)
and the feeder (Uline) must both be dead ('HDG
9ROW7KU, refer to address );
29(55,'( automatic reclosure is released without any check.
The five possible release conditions are independent of each other and can be
combined.
6-206 7SA522 Manual
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Synchronism The release conditions for manual closing are set under addresses to .
check conditions When setting the general protection data (Power System Data 2, Section 6.1.3) it was
before manual decided whether synchronism and voltage check should be carried out before manual
closing closing. With the following setting in address 0$1&/26( = ZR6\QF
FKHFN, no checks are performed before manual closing. The following parameters are
then irrelevant.
Address 2SPRGHZLWK0& determines whether closing under asynchronous
system conditions is allowed. Set this parameter to ZLWK7&%FORVH, if
asynchronous closing shall be allowed; the relay will then consider the circuit breaker
closing time before determining the correct instant for the close command. Remember
that closing under asynchronous system conditions is allowed only if the circuit
breaker closing time is set correctly (see above under “Preconditions”)! If you wish to
only permit manual closing under synchronous system conditions, set this address to
ZR7&%FORVH.
The permissible magnitude difference of the voltages is set under address 0&
PD[9ROW'LII. Setting is in volts secondary; when operating the device from a
personal computer using DIGSI® 4, setting may be in secondary or primary values.
Depending on the connection of the bus-bar voltage (phase–phase or phase–earth)
the phase–phase or the phase–earth voltage is decisive.
The permissible frequency difference between the voltages is set under address
0&PD[)UHT'LII, the permissible phase angle difference under address 0&
PD[$QJOH'LII.
The release conditions for manual closing are set under addresses $ to :
$ 0&6<1&+5 = synchronism check: the bus-bar (Ubus) and the
feeder (Uline) must both be live (/LYH9ROW
7KU, address ); the conditions for
synchronism 0&PD[9ROW'LII (address ),
0&PD[)UHT'LII (address ), and 0&
PD[$QJOH'LII (address ) are checked
before manual closure;
0&8V\Q!8OLQH dead-line check: the bus-bar (Ubus) must be live
(/LYH9ROW7KU, refer to address ), the
feeder (Uline) must be dead ('HDG9ROW7KU,
refer to address );
0&8V\Q 8OLQH! dead-bus check: the bus-bar (Ubus) must be dead
('HDG9ROW7KU, refer to address ), the
feeder (Uline) must be live (/LYH9ROW7KU,
refer to address );
MC Usyn< Uline< = dead-bus and dead-line check: the bus-bar (Ubus) and
the feeder (Uline) must both be dead ('HDG9ROW
7KU, refer to address );
0&25,'( = manual closing is released without any check.
The five possible release conditions are independent of each other and can be
combined.
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6.14.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3501 FCT Synchronism ON ON Synchronism and Voltage Check
OFF function
3502 Dead Volt. Thr. 1..60 V 5V Voltage threshold dead line / bus
3503 Live Volt. Thr. 20..125 V 90 V Voltage threshold live line / bus
3504 Umax 20..140 V 110 V Maximum permissible voltage
3507 T-SYN. DURATION 0.01..600.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec Maximum duration of synchro-
nism-check
3508 T SYNC-STAB 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Synchronous condition stability
timer
3510 Op.mode with AR with consideration of CB clo- without considera- Operating mode with AR
sing time tion of CB closing
without consideration of CB time
closing time
3511 Max. Volt. Diff 1.0..40.0 V 2.0 V Maximum voltage difference
3512 Max. Freq. Diff 0.03..2.00 Hz 0.10 Hz Maximum frequency difference
3513 Max. Angle Diff 2..60 ° 10 ° Maximum angle difference
3515A SYNC-CHECK YES YES Live bus / live line and Sync
NO before AR
3516 Usync> U-line< YES NO Live bus / dead line check before
NO AR
3517 Usync< U-line> YES NO Dead bus / live line check before
NO AR
3518 Usync< U-line< YES NO Dead bus / dead line check
NO before AR
3519 OVERRIDE YES NO Override of any check before AR
NO
3530 Op.mode with MC with consideration of CB clo- without considera- Operating mode with Man.Cl
sing time tion of CB closing
without consideration of CB time
closing time
3531 MC maxVolt.Diff 1.0..40.0 V 2.0 V Maximum voltage difference
3532 MC maxFreq.Diff 0.03..2.00 Hz 0.10 Hz Maximum frequency difference
3533 MC maxAngleDiff 2..60 ° 10 ° Maximum angle difference
3535A MC SYNCHR YES YES Live bus / live line and Sync
NO before MC
3536 MC Usyn> Uline< YES NO Live bus / dead line check before
NO Man.Cl
3537 MC Usyn< Uline> YES NO Dead bus / live line check before
NO Man.Cl
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3538 MC Usyn< Uline< YES NO Dead bus / dead line check
NO before Man.Cl
3539 MC O/RIDE YES NO Override of any check before
NO Man.Cl
6.14.4 Information Overview
Important information available as output by the device is explained, in so far as it can
not be interpreted in the following list and was not described in the foregoing text.
„!6\QF6WDUW0&“ (F.No. 2905)
Binary input which enables direct tripping of the sychnonism check with setting
parameters for manual close. This tripping with setting parameter for manual close
has always precedence if binary inputs „!6\QF6WDUW0&“ (F.No. 2905) and
„!6\QF6WDUW$5“ (F.No. 2906, see below) are activated at the same time.
“!6\QF6WDUW” (F.No. 2906)
Request to execute a check synchronism measurement from an external automatic
reclosure device. After this request, the conditions for automatic reclosure are
checked.
“6\QFUHOHDVH” (F.No. 2951)
Release signal to an external automatic reclosure device.
F.No. Alarm Comments
2901 >Sync. on >Switch on synchro-check function
2902 >Sync. off >Switch off synchro-check function
2903 >BLOCK Sync. >BLOCK synchro-check function
2905 >Sync. Start MC >Start synchro-check for Manual Close
2906 >Sync. Start AR >Start synchro-check for AR
2907 >Sync. synch >Sync-Prog. Live bus / live line / Sync
2908 > Usyn< U-line> >Sync-Prog. Dead bus / live line
2909 > Usyn> U-line< >Sync-Prog. Live bus / dead line
2910 > Usyn< U-line< >Sync-Prog. Dead bus / dead line
2911 >Sync. o/ride >Sync-Prog. Override ( bypass )
2930 Sync. on/off BI Synchro-check ON/OFF via BI
2931 Sync. OFF Synchro-check is switched OFF
2932 Sync. BLOCK Synchro-check is BLOCKED
2934 Sync. faulty Synchro-check function faulty
2935 Sync.Tsup.Exp Synchro-check supervision time expired
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F.No. Alarm Comments
2941 Sync. running Synchronization is running
2942 Sync.Override Synchro-check override/bypass
2943 Synchronism Synchronism detected
2944 Usyn< U-line> Sync. dead bus / live line detected
2945 Usyn> U-line< Sync. live bus / dead line detected
2946 Usyn< U-line< Sync. dead bus / dead line detected
2947 Sync. Udiff> Sync. Voltage diff. greater than limit
2948 Sync. fdiff> Sync. Freq. diff. greater than limit
2949 Sync. ϕ-diff> Sync. Angle diff. greater than limit
2951 Sync. release Synchronism release (to ext. AR)
2961 Sync.CloseCmd Close command from synchro-check
2970 Sync. f-bus>> Sync. Bus frequency > (fn + 3Hz)
2971 Sync. f-bus<< Sync. Bus frequency < (fn - 3Hz)
2972 Sync. f-line>> Sync. Line frequency > (fn + 3Hz)
2973 Sync. f-line<< Sync. Line frequency < (fn - 3Hz)
2974 Sync. U-syn>> Sync. Bus voltage > Umax (P.3504)
2975 Sync. U-syn<< Sync. Bus voltage < U> (P.3503)
2976 Sync. U-line>> Sync. Line voltage > Umax (P.3504)
2977 Sync. U-line<< Sync. Line voltage < U> (P.3503)
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6.15 Voltage Protection (optional)
General The overvoltage protection avoids stress of electrical equipment by extremely high
voltages and the resultant insulation problems.
Abnormally high voltages often occur in weak-loaded, long distance transmission
lines, in islanded systems when generator voltage regulation fails, or after full load
shutdown of a generator and external generators (not connected to the system). Even
if compensation reactors are used to avoid line overvoltages by compensation of the
line capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage, the overvoltage will endanger
the insulation if the reactors fail (e.g. due to fault clearance). The line must be
deenergized within very short time.
The undervoltage protection can be applied, for example, for disconnection or load
shedding tasks in a system. Furthermore, this protection scheme can detect menacing
stability problems. With induction machines undervoltages have an effect on the
stability and permissible torque thresholds.
The overvoltage protection in the 7SA522 detects the phase voltages UL1–E, UL2–E
and UL3–E, the phase-to-phase voltages UL1–L2, UL2–L3 and UL3–L1, as well as the
displacement voltage 3U0. Instead of the displacement voltage any other voltage that
is connected to the fourth voltage input U4 of the device can be detected. Furthermore
the device calculates the positive sequence system voltage and the negative
sequence system voltage so that the symmetrical components are also monitored.
The phase voltages UL1–E, UL2–E and UL3–E, the phase-to-phase voltages UL1–L2,
UL2–L3 and UL3–L1, as well as the positive sequence system can also be used for the
undervoltage protection.
These voltage protection functions can be combined according to the user’s
requirements. They can be switched on or off separately, or used for alarm purposes.
In the latter case the respective trip commands do not appear. Each voltage protection
function is dual-stage, i. e. it is provided with two threshold settings each with the
appropriate times delay.
6.15.1 Method of Operation
6.15.1.1 Overvoltage Protection
Overvoltage Figure 6-104 depicts the logic diagram of the phase voltage stages. The fundamental
Phase–Earth frequency is numerically filtered from each of the three measuring voltages so that
harmonics or transient voltage peaks are largely eliminated. Two threshold stages
8SKH! and 8SKH!! are compared with the voltages. If a phase voltage exceeds
these thresholds it is indicated phase-segregated. Furthermore, a general pick-up
indication “8SK²H!3LFNXS” and “8SK²H!!3LFNXS” is given. The drop-off to pick-
up ratio can be set (8SKH! ! 5(6(7).
Every stage starts a time delay which is common to all phases. The expiry of the
respective time delay 78SKH! or 78SKH!!is indicated and issues the trip
command
“8SK²H! ! 75,3”.
The overvoltage protection phase–earth can be blocked via a binary input
“!8SK²H! ! %/.”.
7SA522 Manual 6-211
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8SK²H!
8SK²H! ! 5(6(7
UL1-E
UL2-E
U> FNo 10242 to 10244
UL3-E ≥1 Uph-e>(>) PU L1
Uph-e>(>) PU L2
Uph-e>(>) PU L3
U>>
L1
L2
L3 FNo 10240
8SK²H!! Uph-e> Pickup
FNo 10245
FNo 10201 ≥1 T 0
T Uph-e> TimeOut
>Uph-e>(>) BLK
78SK²H! FNo 10247
≥1 Uph-e>(>) TRIP
78SK²H!!
FNo 10246
≥1 T 0
T Uph-e>> TimeOut
FNo 10241
Uph-e>> Pickup
Figure 6-104 Logic diagram of the overvoltage protection for phase voltages
Overvoltage The phase–phase overvoltage protection operates just like the phase–earth
Phase–Phase protection except that it detects phase–to–phase voltages. Accordingly, phase–to–
phase voltages which have exceeded one of the stage thresholds 8SKSK! or
8SKSK!!are also indicated. Otherwise, Figure 6-104 also applies in principle.
The phase–phase overvoltage protection can also be blocked via a binary input
“!8SKSK! ! %/.”.
Overvoltage The device calculates the positive sequence system voltage according to its defining
Positive Sequence equation:
System U1
U1 = 1/3 ⋅(UL1 + a⋅UL2 + a2 ⋅UL3)
with a = ej120°.
The resulting single–phase AC voltage is fed to the two threshold stages 8! and
8!! (see Figure 6-105). Combined with the associated time delays these stages
form a two-stage overvoltage protection for the positive sequence system. Here too,
the drop-off to pick-up ratio can be set.
The overvoltage protection for the positive sequence system can also be blocked via
a binary input “!8! ! %/.”.
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Functions
FNo 10280
8!
U1> Pickup
UL1-E UPh–E FNo 10282
T 0
UL2-E T U1> TimeOut
U1 U>
UL3-E
78! FNo 10284
8! ! 5(6(7 ≥1 U1>(>) TRIP
78!!
FNo 10283
T 0
T U1>> TimeOut
FNo 10204 U>>
FNo 10281
>U1>(>) BLK
8!! U1>> Pickup
Figure 6-105 Logic diagram of the overvoltage protection for the positive sequence
voltage system
Overvoltage The device calculates the negative sequence system voltages according to its defining
Negative Sequence equation:
System U2
U2 = 1/3 ⋅(UL1 + a2 ⋅UL2 + a⋅UL3)
with a = ej120°.
The resulting single–phase AC voltage is fed to the two threshold stages 8! and
8!!. The logic is designed just like in the positive sequence system (Figure 6-105).
Combined with the associated time delays 78! and 78!! these stages form a
two-stage overvoltage protection for the negative sequence system. Here too, the
drop-off to pick-up ratio can be set. The overvoltage protection for the negative
sequence system can also be blocked via a binary input “!8! ! %/.”. The stages
of the negative sequence voltage protection are automatically blocked as soon as an
asymmetrical voltage failure was detected (“Fuse–Failure–Monitor”, also see Section
6.18.1.3, margin heading “Fuse Failure Monitor (Non-Symmetrical Voltages)”) or
when the trip of the mcb for voltage transformers has been signalled via the binary
input “!)$,/ )HHGHU97” (internal indication “internal blocking”).
The stages of the negative sequence voltage protection are automatically blocked
(with the internal automatic reclosure function) during single-pole automatic reclose
dead time, to avoid pick-up with the false negative sequence values arising during this
state. If the device cooperates with an external automatic reclosure function, or if a
single-pole tripping can be triggered by a different protection system (working in
parallel), the overvoltage protection for the negative sequence system must be
blocked via a binary input during single-pole tripping.
Overvoltage Figure 6-106 depicts the logic diagram of the zero sequence voltage stage. The
Zero Sequence fundamental frequency is numerically filtered from the measuring voltage so that the
System 3⋅U0 harmonics or transient voltage peaks remain largely harmless.
The triple zero sequence voltage 3 U0 is fed to the two threshold stages 8! and
8!!. Combined with the associated time delays 78! and 78!! these
stages form a two-stage overvoltage protection for the zero sequence system. Here
too, the drop-off to pick-up ratio can be set (8! ! 5(6(7).
The overvoltage protection for the zero voltage system can also be blocked via a
binary input “!8! ! %/.”. The stages of the zero sequence voltage protection
are automatically blocked as soon as a asymmetrical voltage failure is detected
(“Fuse–Failure–Monitor”, also see Section 6.18.1.3, margin heading “Fuse Failure
Monitor (Non-Symmetrical Voltages)”) or if the trip of the mcb for voltage transformers
7SA522 Manual 6-213
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Functions
has been signalled via the binary input “!)$,/ )HHGHU97” (internal signal “internal
blocking”).
The stages of the zero sequence voltage protection are automatically blocked (with
the internal automatic reclosure function) during single-pole automatic reclose dead
time to avoid pick-up with the false zero sequence values arising during this state. If
the device operates with an external automatic reclosure function or if single-pole
tripping can be triggered by a different protection system (operating in parallel), the
overvoltage protection for the zero sequence system must be blocked via a binary
input during single-pole tripping.
According to Figure 6-106 the device calculates the voltage to be monitored:
3⋅U0 = UL1 + UL2 + UL3.
This applies if no suitable voltage is connected to the fourth measuring input U4.
However, if the displacement voltage Uen of the voltage transformer set is directly
connected to the fourth measuring input U 4 of the device and this information was
entered during configuration the device will automatically use this voltage and
calculate the triple zero sequence voltage.
3⋅U0 = 8SK8GHOWD ⋅ U4.
As the voltage transformation of the voltage transformer set is usually
⁄ ⁄
U Nprim U Nsek U Nsek
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
3 3 3
the factor is 8SK8GHOWD = 3/√3 = √3 ≈ . For more details see Power System
Data 1 in Section 6.1.1, margin heading “Voltage Transformer Connection”, address
.
FNo 10270
8!
3U0> Pickup
UL1-E UPh–E FNo 10272
T 0
UL2-E T 3U0> TimeOut
3U0 U>
UL3-E
78! FNo 10274
8! ! 5(6(7 ≥1 3U0>(>) TRIP
78!!
FNo 10273
internal blocking T 0
T 3U0>> TimeOut
U>>
FNo 10203 ≥1 FNo 10271
3U0>> Pickup
>3U0>(>) BLK 8!!
Figure 6-106 Logic diagram of the overvoltage protection for zero sequence voltage
Freely Selectable As the zero sequence voltage stages operate separately and independent from the
Single–phase other protective overvoltage functions they can be used for any other single–phase
Voltage voltage. Therefore the fourth voltage input U4 of the device must be assigned
accordingly. (also see Section 6.1.1 in “Voltage Transformer Connection”).
The same features apply as for the use of the zero sequence voltage protection, i.e.
blocking via a binary input “>8! ! %/.”, when the asymmetrical “Fuse–Failure–
Monitor” picks up during trip of the mcb for the voltage transformers, and during the
single-pole dead time before automatic reclosure.
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6.15.1.2 Undervoltage Protection
Undervoltage Figure 6-107 depicts the logic diagram of the phase voltage stages. The fundamental
Phase–Earth frequency is numerically filtered from each of the three measuring voltages so that
harmonics or transient voltage peaks are largely harmless. Two threshold stages
8SKH and 8SKH are compared with the voltages. If phase voltage falls below
a threshold it is indicated phase-segregated. Furthermore, a general pick-up indication
“8SKH 3LFNXS” or “8SKH 3LFNXS” is given. The drop-off to pick-up ratio is
1.05.
Each stage starts a time delay common to all phases. Expiry of the respective time
delay
78SKH or 78SKH is signalled and results in the trip command
“8SKH 75,3”.
Depending on the configuration of the substations the voltage transformers are
located on the busbar side or on the outgoing feeder side. This results in a different
behaviour of the undervoltage protection when the line is deenergized. While the
voltage remains present or reappears at the busbar side after a trip command and
opening of the circuit breaker, it is switched on at the outgoing side. For the
undervoltage protection this results in a pick-up state being present if the voltage
transformers are on the outgoing side. If this pick-up must be reset, the current can be
used as an additional criterion (current supervision &855683) to achieve this result.
Undervoltage will then only be detected if, together with the undervoltage condition,
the minimum current 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW (address ) of the corresponding phase
is also exceeded. This condition is communicated by the central function control of the
device.
The undervoltage protection phase–earth can be blocked via the binary input
“!8SKH %/.”. The stages of the undervoltage protection are then automatically
blocked if a voltage failure is detected (“Fuse–Failure–Monitor”, also see Section
6.18.1.3) or if the trip of the mcb of the voltage transformers is indicated (internal
blocking) via the binary input “!)$,/ )HHGHU97”.
Also during a single-pole automatic reclose dead time (using the internal
autoreclosure function) the stages of the undervoltage protection are automatically
blocked in the pole open state. If necessary, the current criterion will be considered,
so that they do not respond to the undervoltage of the disconnected phase when
voltage transformers are located on the outgoing side.
7SA522 Manual 6-215
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Functions
&8556838SKH
21
„1“
2)) 8SK²H
≥1
I–REST> L1
I–REST> L2
I–REST> L3
&
UL1-E
UL2-E
U<
FNo 10312 to 10314
UL3-E
≥1 Uph-e<(<) PU L1
&
Uph-e<(<) PU L2
U<< Uph-e<(<) PU L3
L1
L2
L3
FNo 10310
8SK²H Uph-e< Pickup
FNo 10315
FNo 10206 ≥1 T 0
T Uph-e< TimeOut
>Uph-e<(<) BLK
78SK²H FNo 10317
≥1 Uph<(<) TRIP
78SK²H
FNo 10316
≥1 T 0
T Uph-e<<TimeOut
FNo 10311
Uph-e<< Pickup
Figure 6-107 Logic diagram of the undervoltage protection for phase voltages
Undervoltage Basically, the phase–phase undervoltage protection operates like the phase–earth
Phase–Phase protection except that it detects phase–to–phase voltages. Accordingly, both phases
are indicated during pick-up of an undervoltage stage if one of the stage thresholds
8SKSK or 8SKSK was undershot. Beyond this, Figure 6-107 applies in
principle.
It is sufficient for the current criterion that current flow is detected in one of the involved
phases.
The undervoltage protection phase–phase can also be blocked via a binary input
“!8SKSK %/.”. There is an automatic blocking if the measuring voltage failure
was detected or voltage mcb tripping was indicated (internal blocking of the phases
affected by the voltage failure).
During single-pole dead time for automatic reclosure (using the internal automatic
reclosure function) the stages of the undervoltage protection are automatically
blocked in the disconnected phase so that it does not respond to the undervoltage of
the disconnected phase provided that the voltage transformers are located on the
outgoing side.
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Undervoltage The device calculates the positive sequence system according to its defining equation
Positive Sequence
U1 = 1/3 ⋅(UL1 + a⋅UL2 + a2 ⋅UL3)
System U1
with a = ej120°.
The resulting single–phase AC voltage is fed to the two threshold stages 8 and
8 (see Figure 6-108). Combined with the associated time delays 78 and
78 these stages form a two-stage undervoltage protection for the positive
sequence system.
Current can be used as an additional criterion for the undervoltage protection of the
positive sequence system (current supervision &855683). An undervoltage is only
detected if the current flow is detected in at least one phase together with the
undervoltage criterion.
The undervoltage protection for the positive sequence system can be blocked via the
binary input “!8 %/.”. The stages of the undervoltage protection are
automatically blocked if voltage failure is detected (“Fuse–Failure–Monitor”, also see
Section 6.18.1.3) or, if the trip of the mcb for the voltage transformer is indicated via
the binary input “!)$,/ )HHGHU97” (internal blocking).
&8556838
21
„1“
2))
I–REST> L1 ≥1
I–REST> L2
I–REST> L3 FNo 10300
U1< Pickup
8
FNo 10302
UL1-E UPh–E T 0
& T U1< TimeOut
UL2-E
U1 U<
UL3-E
78 FNo 10304
≥1 U1<(<) TRIP
78
FNo 10303
T 0
& T U1<< TimeOut
FNo 10208 U<< FNo 10301
>U1<(<) BLK U1<< Pickup
8
Figure 6-108 Logic diagram of the undervoltage protection for positive sequence voltage
system
During single-pole dead time for automatic reclosure (using the internal automatic
reclosure function) the stages of the undervoltage protection are automatically
blocked in the positive sequence system so that they do not respond to the reduced
voltage cause by the disconnected phase in case the voltage transformers are located
on the outgoing side.
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6.15.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The voltage protection can only operate if it has been set to (QDEOHG during the
configuration of the device scope (see Section 5.1, address ).
The overvoltage and undervoltage stages can detect phase–to–earth voltages,
phase–to–phase voltages or the symmetrical positive sequence system of the
voltages; the symmetrical negative sequence system can also be used for
overvoltage. Any combination is possible. Detection procedures that are not required
are switched 2II.
Overvoltage The phase voltage protection stages can be switched 2Q or 2IIin address
Phase–Earth 8SKH! ! . In addition to that you can also set $ODUP2QO\; i.e. these stages
operate and transmit signals. Without generating a trip command.
The settings of the voltage and time values depend on what they are used for. If
steady-state overvoltages are to be detected on long unloaded lines, the 8SKH!
stage (address ) is set to at least 5 % above the maximum stationary phase–to–
earth voltage that is to be expected in operation. Additionally, a high drop-off to pick-
up ratio is required (address 8SKH! ! 5(6(7 = = presetting). This
setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”. The delay
time 78SKH! (address ) should be a few seconds so that overvoltages with
short duration may not result in tripping.
The 8SKH!!stage (address ) is provided for high overvoltages with short
duration. Here, an adequately high pick-up value is set, e.g. the 1.5–fold of the nominal
phase–earth voltage. 0.1 s to 0.2 s are sufficient for the time delay 78SKH!!
(address ).
Overvoltage Basically, the same considerations apply as for the phase voltage stages. These
Phase–Phase stages may be used instead of the phase voltage stages or be used addionally. The
address 8SKSK! ! is set to 2Q, 2II or $ODUP2QO\.
As phase–to–phase voltages will be detected, phase–to–phase values are used for
the settings 8SKSK! (address ) and 8SKSK!! (address ).
The same aspects as mentioned above apply to the time delays 78SKSK! (address
) and 78SKSK!! (address ) as well as to the drop-off to pick-up ratios
(address 8SKSK! ! 5(6(7). This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4
under “Additional Settings”.
Positive Sequence The positive sequence voltage stages can be used instead of or in addition to
System previously mentioned overvoltage stages. The address 8! ! is set to 2Q,
Overvoltage U1 2II or $ODUP2QO\, accordingly.
These stages are particularly suited to the detection of steady-state overvoltages on
long, weak-loaded transmission lines (Ferranti effect). Here too, the 8! stage
(address ) with a longer delay time is used for the detection of steady-state
overvoltages, the 8!!stage (address ) with the short delay time 78!!
(address ) is used for high overvoltages that may jeopardize insulation.
Note that the positive sequence system is established according to its defining
equation U1 = 1/3 ⋅|UL1 + a⋅UL2 + a2 ⋅UL3|. For symmetrical voltages this is equivalent
to a phase–to–earth voltage.
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The drop-off to pick-up ratio (address 8! ! 5(6(7) is set as high as possible
with regard to the detection of even small steady-state overvoltages. This setting can
only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Negative Sequence The negative sequence system voltage stages detect asymmetrical voltages. If such
System voltages shall cause tripping, set the address 8! ! to 2Q. If these states shall
Overvoltage U2 be signalled only, set the address 8! ! to $ODUP2QO\, in any other cases to 2II.
This protective function also has in two stages, one being 8! (address ) with a
greater time delay 78! (address ) for stationary asymmetrical voltages and
the other being 8!! (address ) with a short delay time 78!! (address )
for high asymmetrical voltages.
Note that the negative sequence system is established according to its defining
equation U2 = 1/3 ⋅|UL1 + a2 ⋅UL2 + a⋅UL3|. For symmetrical voltages and two
exchanged phases this is equivalent to the phase–to–earth voltage value.
The drop-off to pick-up ratio 8! ! 5(6(7) can be set in address . This setting
can only be modified with DIGSI® 4 under “Additional Settings”.
Zero Sequence The zero sequence voltage stage can be switched 2Q or 2II in address . In
System addition, this stage can also be selected to $ODUP2QO\ i.e. these stages operate and
Overvoltage issue alarms only. This protection function can be used for any other single-phase
voltage which is connected to the fourth voltage measurement input U4. (Also refer to
Section 6.1.1 and see margin heading “Voltage Transformer Connection”).
The settings of the voltage threshold and the timer values depend on the type of
application. Here no general guidelines can be established. Generally, with a sensitive
setting of 8! (address ), i.e. close to operational values that are to be
expected, not only the time delay 78! (address ) must be greater, but also
the reset ratio 8! ! 5(6(7 (address $) must also be as large as possible.
Usually the presetting is sufficient. This setting can only be modified with DIGSI® 4
under “Additional Settings”.
Similar considerations apply if this voltage stage is used for a different voltage at the
measuring input U4.
When setting the voltage values please observe the following:
• If the Uen-voltage of the set of voltage transformers is connected to U4 and if this
was already set in the power system data 1 (refer also to Section 6.1.1 under
margin heading “Voltage Transformer Connection”, 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8GHOWD
WUDQVI), the device multiplies this voltage by the matching ratio 8SK8GHOWD
(address ), usually with 1.73. Therefore the voltage measured is √3 · Uen =
3 . U0. When the voltage triangle is fully displaced, the voltage will be √3-times the
phase-to-phase voltage.
• If any other voltage is connected to U4, which is not used for voltage protection, and
if this was already set in the power system data 1 (refer also to Section 6.1.1,
“Voltage Transformer Connection”, e. g. 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 1RWFRQQHFWHG or
8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8V\QFWUDQVI), the device calculates the zero sequence
voltage according to its definition: 3 · U0 = IUL1 + UL2 + UL3I. When the voltage
triangle is fully displaced, the voltage will be √3-times the phase-to-phase voltage.
• If any other voltage is connected to U4, which is used for voltage protection, and if
this was already set in the power system data 1 (refer also to Section 6.1.1, “Voltage
Transformer Connection”, i. e. 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8[WUDQVIRUPHU), this
voltage will be used for the voltage stages without any further factors. This “zero
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sequence voltage protection” then is, in reality, a single-phase voltage protection for
any kind of voltage at U4.
Undervoltage The phase undervoltage stages can be switched 2Q or Off in address
Phase–Earth 8SKH . In addition to this, you can set $ODUP2QO\, i.e. these stages operate
and send alarms but do not generate any trip commands.
This undervoltage protection function has two stages. The 8SKH stage (address
) operates with the longer set time value 78SKH (address ) for a slight
undervoltages. However, it must not be set above the admissible undervoltage. In
case of severe voltage drops the 8SKH stage(address ) with a time delay
78SKH (address ) is active.
The setting of voltage and time values depends on the intended use, that is why
general setting recommendations cannot be given. With regard to load shedding, for
example, the values mostly depend on a priority grading schedule. If stability problems
occur, admissible undervoltages and their duration must be considered. With
induction machines the undervoltages influence the admissible torque thresholds.
If the voltage transformers are located on the line side, the measuring voltages will be
missing if the line is disconnected. To avoid that the undervoltage stages in these
cases are or remain picked up, the current criterion &8556838SKH (address
) is switcheG2Q. With busbar side voltage transformers it can be switched 2II.
However, with a dead busbar the undervoltage protection picks up and expires, if it is
not blocked by other criteria or binary inputs.
Undervoltage Basically, the same considerations apply as for the phase undervoltage stages. These
Phase–Phase stages may replace the phase voltage stages or be used additionally. Address
8SKSK is set to 2Q, 2II or $ODUP2QO\.
As phase–to–phase voltages are monitored, the phase–to–phase values are used for
the settings 8SKSK (address ) and 8SKSK (address ).
The corresponding times delay are 78SKSK (address ) und 78SKSK
(address ).
If the voltage transformers are located on the line side, the measuring voltages will
missing if the line is disconnected. To avoid that the undervoltage levels in these cases
are or remain picked up, the current criterion &8556838SKSK (address ) is
switcheG2Q. With busbar side voltage transformers it can be switched 2II. However,
with a dead busbar the undervoltage protection picks up and expires, if it is not blocked
by other criteria via binary inputs.
Positive Sequence The positive sequence undervoltage stages can be used instead of or in addition to
System previously mentioned undervoltage stages. The address 8 is set to 2Q,
Undervoltage U1 2II or $ODUP2QO\, accordingly.
Basically, the same considerations apply as for the other undervoltage stages.
Especially in case of stability problems, the positive sequence system is
advantageous, since the positive sequence system is relevant for the limit of the stable
energy transmission in most applications.
To achieve the two-stage condition, the 8 –stage (address ) is combined with
a greater time delay 78 (address ). The 8 –stage (address ) with a
shorter time delay 78 (address ).
Note that the positive sequence system is established according to its defining
equation U1 = 1/3 ⋅|UL1 + a⋅UL2 + a2 ⋅UL3|. For symmetrical voltages this is equivalent
to a phase–earth voltage.
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If the voltage transformers are located or line side, the measuring voltages will be
missing when the line is disconnected. To avoid that the undervoltage levels in these
cases are or remain picked up, the current criterion &8556838 (address )
is switcheG2Q. With busbar side voltage transformers it can be switched 2II.
However, with a dead busbar the undervoltage protection picks up and expires, if it is
not blocked by other criteria via binary inputs.
6.15.3 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3701 Uph-e>(>) OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-e overvol-
Alarm Only tage prot.
ON
3702 Uph-e> 1.0..170.0 V; ∞ 85.0 V Uph-e> Pickup
3703 T Uph-e> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-e> Time Delay
3704 Uph-e>> 1.0..170.0 V; ∞ 100.0 V Uph-e>> Pickup
3705 T Uph-e>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-e>> Time Delay
3709A Uph-e>(>) RESET 0.50..0.98 0.98 Uph-e>(>) Reset ratio
3711 Uph-ph>(>) OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-ph over-
Alarm Only voltage prot.
ON
3712 Uph-ph> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 150.0 V Uph-ph> Pickup
3713 T Uph-ph> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-ph> Time Delay
3714 Uph-ph>> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 175.0 V Uph-ph>> Pickup
3715 T Uph-ph>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-ph>> Time Delay
3719A Uphph>(>) RESET 0.50..0.98 0.98 Uph-ph>(>) Reset ratio
3721 3U0>(>) (or Ux) OFF OFF Operating mode 3U0 (or Ux)
Alarm Only overvoltage
ON
3722 3U0> 1.0..220.0 V; ∞ 30.0 V 3U0> Pickup (or Ux>)
3723 T 3U0> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3U0> Time Delay (or T Ux>)
3724 3U0>> 1.0..220.0 V; ∞ 50.0 V 3U0>> Pickup (or Ux>>)
3725 T 3U0>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T 3U0>> Time Delay (or T Ux>>)
3729A 3U0>(>) RESET 0.50..0.98 0.95 3U0>(>) Reset ratio (or Ux)
3731 U1>(>) OFF OFF Operating mode U1 overvoltage
Alarm Only prot.
ON
3732 U1> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 150.0 V U1> Pickup
3733 T U1> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U1> Time Delay
3734 U1>> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 175.0 V U1>> Pickup
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3735 T U1>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U1>> Time Delay
3739A U1>(>) RESET 0.50..0.98 0.98 U1>(>) Reset ratio
3741 U2>(>) OFF OFF Operating mode U2 overvoltage
Alarm Only prot.
ON
3742 U2> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 30.0 V U2> Pickup
3743 T U2> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U2> Time Delay
3744 U2>> 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 50.0 V U2>> Pickup
3745 T U2>> 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U2>> Time Delay
3749A U2>(>) RESET 0.50..0.98 0.98 U2>(>) Reset ratio
3751 Uph-e<(<) OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-e under-
Alarm Only voltage prot.
ON
3752 Uph-e< 1.0..100.0 V; 0 30.0 V Uph-e< Pickup
3753 T Uph-e< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-e< Time Delay
3754 Uph-e<< 1.0..100.0 V; 0 10.0 V Uph-e<< Pickup
3755 T Uph-e<< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-e<< Time Delay
3758 CURR.SUP. Uphe< ON ON Current supervision (Uph-e)
OFF
3761 Uph-ph<(<) OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-ph under-
Alarm Only voltage prot.
ON
3762 Uph-ph< 1.0..175.0 V; 0 50.0 V Uph-ph< Pickup
3763 T Uph-ph< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-ph< Time Delay
3764 Uph-ph<< 1.0..175.0 V; 0 17.0 V Uph-ph<< Pickup
3765 T Uphph<< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-ph<< Time Delay
3768 CURR.SUP.Uphph< ON ON Current supervision (Uph-ph)
OFF
3771 U1<(<) OFF OFF Operating mode U1 undervol-
Alarm Only tage prot.
ON
3772 U1< 1.0..100.0 V; 0 30.0 V U1< Pickup
3773 T U1< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U1< Time Delay
3774 U1<< 1.0..100.0 V; 0 10.0 V U1<< Pickup
3775 T U1<< 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U1<< Time Delay
3778 CURR.SUP.U1< ON ON Current supervision (U1)
OFF
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6.15.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
10201 >Uph-e>(>) BLK >BLOCK Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. (phase-earth)
10202 >Uph-ph>(>) BLK >BLOCK Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt (phase-phase)
10203 >3U0>(>) BLK >BLOCK 3U0>(>) Overvolt. (zero sequence)
10204 >U1>(>) BLK >BLOCK U1>(>) Overvolt. (positive seq.)
10205 >U2>(>) BLK >BLOCK U2>(>) Overvolt. (negative seq.)
10206 >Uph-e<(<) BLK >BLOCK Uph-e<(<) Undervolt (phase-earth)
10207 >Uphph<(<) BLK >BLOCK Uphph<(<) Undervolt (phase-phase)
10208 >U1<(<) BLK >BLOCK U1<(<) Undervolt (positive seq.)
10215 Uph-e>(>) OFF Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF
10216 Uph-e>(>) BLK Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED
10217 Uph-ph>(>) OFF Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF
10218 Uph-ph>(>) BLK Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED
10219 3U0>(>) OFF 3U0>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF
10220 3U0>(>) BLK 3U0>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED
10221 U1>(>) OFF U1>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF
10222 U1>(>) BLK U1>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED
10223 U2>(>) OFF U2>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF
10224 U2>(>) BLK U2>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED
10225 Uph-e<(<) OFF Uph-e<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF
10226 Uph-e<(<) BLK Uph-e<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED
10227 Uph-ph<(<) OFF Uph-ph<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF
10228 Uph-ph<(<) BLK Uphph<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED
10229 U1<(<) OFF U1<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF
10230 U1<(<) BLK U1<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED
10231 U</> ACTIVE Over-/Under-Voltage protection is ACTIVE
10240 Uph-e> Pickup Uph-e> Pickup
10241 Uph-e>> Pickup Uph-e>> Pickup
10242 Uph-e>(>) PU L1 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L1
10243 Uph-e>(>) PU L2 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L2
10244 Uph-e>(>) PU L3 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L3
10245 Uph-e> TimeOut Uph-e> TimeOut
10246 Uph-e>> TimeOut Uph-e>> TimeOut
10247 Uph-e>(>) TRIP Uph-e>(>) TRIP command
10255 Uphph> Pickup Uph-ph> Pickup
10256 Uphph>> Pickup Uph-ph>> Pickup
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F.No. Alarm Comments
10257 Uphph>(>)PU L12 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L1-L2
10258 Uphph>(>)PU L23 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L2-L3
10259 Uphph>(>)PU L31 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L3-L1
10260 Uphph> TimeOut Uph-ph> TimeOut
10261 Uphph>> TimeOut Uph-ph>> TimeOut
10262 Uphph>(>) TRIP Uph-ph>(>) TRIP command
10270 3U0> Pickup 3U0> Pickup
10271 3U0>> Pickup 3U0>> Pickup
10272 3U0> TimeOut 3U0> TimeOut
10273 3U0>> TimeOut 3U0>> TimeOut
10274 3U0>(>) TRIP 3U0>(>) TRIP command
10280 U1> Pickup U1> Pickup
10281 U1>> Pickup U1>> Pickup
10282 U1> TimeOut U1> TimeOut
10283 U1>> TimeOut U1>> TimeOut
10284 U1>(>) TRIP U1>(>) TRIP command
10290 U2> Pickup U2> Pickup
10291 U2>> Pickup U2>> Pickup
10292 U2> TimeOut U2> TimeOut
10293 U2>> TimeOut U2>> TimeOut
10294 U2>(>) TRIP U2>(>) TRIP command
10300 U1< Pickup U1< Pickup
10301 U1<< Pickup U1<< Pickup
10302 U1< TimeOut U1< TimeOut
10303 U1<< TimeOut U1<< TimeOut
10304 U1<(<) TRIP U1<(<) TRIP command
10310 Uph-e< Pickup Uph-e< Pickup
10311 Uph-e<< Pickup Uph-e<< Pickup
10312 Uph-e<(<) PU L1 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L1
10313 Uph-e<(<) PU L2 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L2
10314 Uph-e<(<) PU L3 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L3
10315 Uph-e< TimeOut Uph-e< TimeOut
10316 Uph-e<< TimeOut Uph-e<< TimeOut
10317 Uph-e<(<) TRIP Uph-e<(<) TRIP command
10325 Uph-ph< Pickup Uph-ph< Pickup
10326 Uph-ph<< Pickup Uph-ph<< Pickup
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F.No. Alarm Comments
10327 Uphph<(<)PU L12 Uphph<(<) Pickup L1-L2
10328 Uphph<(<)PU L23 Uphph<(<) Pickup L2-L3
10329 Uphph<(<)PU L31 Uphph<(<) Pickup L3-L1
10330 Uphph< TimeOut Uphph< TimeOut
10331 Uphph<< TimeOut Uphph<< TimeOut
10332 Uphph<(<) TRIP Uphph<(<) TRIP command
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6.16 Fault Location
Measurement of the distance to fault in the event of a short circuit is an important
supplement to the protection functions. The availability of the line for transmission of
energy in the system can be increased by a more rapid determination of the fault
location and repair of any resultant damage.
6.16.1 Method of Operation
Starting Conditions The fault location function in the Distance Protection 7SA522 is a function which is
independent of the distance measurement. It has a separate measured value memory
and dedicated filter algorithms. The short-circuit protection merely has to provide a
start command to allow the selection of the valid measuring loop and the best suited
time interval for the storage of the measured signals.
The fault location function can be triggered by the trip command of the short-circuit
protection, or also by each fault detection. In the latter case, a fault location calculation
is also possible if a different protection device clears the fault. In the case of a fault
outside of the protected feeder, the fault location output cannot always be correct,
because the measured values may be distorted by for instance an intermediate infeed.
Determination of The measured value pairs of fault currents and fault voltages (in intervals of 1/20
the Fault Location period) are stored in a cyclic buffer and frozen shortly after the trip command is issued
before any distortion of the measured values occurs due to the opening of the circuit
breaker even with very fast circuit breakers. Filtering of the measured values and the
number of impedance calculations are automatically adapted to the number of
stabilized measured value pairs in the determined data window. If a sufficient data
window with stabilized values could not be determined, the alarm
“)OW/RFLQYDOLG” is issued.
The evaluation of the measured values in the short-circuit loops is carried out after the
short-circuit has been cleared. Short-circuit loops are those, which caused the trip. In
the event of tripping by the earth fault protection, the three phase–earth loops are
evaluated.
With the memorized and filtered measured values, at least three pairs of results for R
and X are determined according to the line equation. With the pairs of results, the
average values and standard deviations are calculated. After elimination of “deviants”
which are recognized by their large deviation from the standard deviation, a new
average is calculated. This average for X is the fault reactance which is proportional
to the distance to fault. If several loops were evaluated, the loop with the smallest
reactance is valid. In this manner, the fault on the protected feeder is in any event
determined during multiple faults or in the event of tripping by only the earth fault
protection.
Output of the Fault The fault location function issues the following results:
Location
• the short-circuit loop which was used to determine the fault reactance,
• the reactance X per phase in Ω primary and Ω secondary,
• the resistance R per phase in Ω primary and Ω secondary,
• the distance to fault d in kilometres or miles of the line proportional to the reactance,
converted based on the set line reactance per unit line length,
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• the distance to fault d in % of the line length, calculated based on the set reactance
per unit length and the set line length.
Note: The distance can only be applicable in the form of kilometres, miles or percent
if the relevant line section is homogeneous. If the line is composed of line sections with
different reactance per unit length characteristic, e.g. overhead line–cable sections,
the reactance calculated by the fault location function can be subjected to a separate
computation to derive the distance to fault.
Correction of In the case of earth faults on double circuit lines, the measured values obtained for
measured values calculation of the impedance are influenced by the mutual coupling of the earth
on Parallel Lines impedance of the two parallel lines. This causes measuring errors in the result of the
(optional) impedance computation unless special measures are taken. The device is therefore
provided with a parallel line compensation function. This function takes the earth
current of the parallel line into consideration when solving the line equation, thereby
compensating for the coupling influence as was the case with the derivation of the
distance by the distance protection (refer to Sub-section 6.2.2 under “Correction of
measured values for Parallel Lines (optional)” and Figure 6-23). The earth current of
the parallel line must, of course, be connected to the device and the current input I4
must be configured accordingly during the setting of the plant data (Sub-section 6.1.1
under “Current Transformer Connection”).
The parallel line compensation only applies to faults on the protected feeder. For
external faults, including those on the parallel line, compensation is impossible.
Correction of When faults occur on loaded lines fed from both ends (Figure 6-109), the fault voltage
Measured Values UF1 is influenced not only by the source voltage E1 but also by the source voltage E2,
for Load Current on when both voltages are applied to the common earth resistance RF. If not corrected,
Double-end Fed this will result in inaccuracies in the calculated impedance, since the current
Lines component IF2 cannot be seen at the measuring point M. For long heavily loaded lines,
this can give a significant error in the X–component of the fault impedance (the
determining factor for the distance calculation).
A load compensation feature is provided for the fault location calculation which
corrects this measurement inaccuracy. Correction for the R–component of the fault
impedance is not possible; but the resultant inaccuracy is not critical, since only the
X–component is critical for the distance to fault indication.
Load compensation is effective for single–phase faults. For single–phase to earth
faults, positive and zero phase sequence components of the symmetrical components
are used in the compensation.
Load compensation can be switched on or off for the fault locator (address 3806, /RDG
&RPSHQVDW). Off-switching is useful, for example, during relay testing, in order to
avoid influences caused by the test quantities.
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~ ~
~ ~
E1 ZS1 ZF1 ZF2 ZS2 E2
M
~ ~
RF
UF1
IF1 IF1 IF2
+IF2
ZS1E ZF1E ZF2E ZS2E
Legend:
M Measuring location ZS1, ZS2 Source impedances
E1, E2 Source voltages (EMF) ZS1E, ZS2E Earth source impedances
UF1 Fault voltage at the measuring location ZF1, ZF2 Fault impedances
IF1, IF2 Part fault currents ZF1E, ZF2E Earth fault impedances
IF1 + IF2 Total fault current RF Common fault resistance
Figure 6-109 Fault currents and voltages on double–end fed lines
6.16.2 Applying the Function Parameter Setting
The fault location function is only in service if it was selected to (QDEOHG during the
configuration of the device functions (Section 5.1, address ).
If the fault location calculation is to be started by the trip command of the protection,
address 67$57 = 75,3 is set. In this case a fault location is only output if the
device has also issued a trip. The fault location calculation can however also be
started with each fault detection of the device (address 67$57 = 3,&.83). In
this case the fault location is also calculated if for example a different protection device
cleared the fault. For a fault outside the protected line, the fault location information is
not always correct, as the measured values can be distorted by e.g. intermediate
infeeds.
To calculate the distance to fault in kilometres or miles, the device requires the
reactance per unit length data in Ω/km or Ω/mile. For correct indication of the fault
location in % of line length, the correct line length has also to be entered. These setting
parameters were already applied with the plant data (Section 6.1.3 under “General
Line Data”).
A prerequisite for the correct indication of the fault location furthermore is that the other
parameters that influence the calculation of the distance to fault have also been set
correctly. These are the addresses (refer also to Sub-section 6.1.3)
5(5/ = ,
;(;/ =
or
. = ,
3+, . = .
If the parallel line compensation is used, the address must be set to
3DUDO/LQH&RPS = <HV; the presetting is 1R. Further prerequisites are that
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• the earth current of the parallel line has been connected to the fourth current input
I4 with the correct polarity and
• the parameter for the fourth current input ,WUDQVIRUPHUhas been set to ,Q
SDUDOOLQH (address ) in the “plant data 1” (refer also to Sub-section 6.1.1
under “Current Transformer Connection”) and
• the current transformer ratio ,,SK&7 (address ) in the “plant data 1” has
been set correctly (refer also to Sub-section 6.1.1 under “Current Transformer
Connection”) and
• the mutual impedances 505/3DUDO/LQH and ;0;/3DUDO/LQH (addresses
and ) have been set correctly in the general protection data („plant data
2“, refer to Sub-section 6.1.3).
The correction of measured values for load currents on long, heavily loaded double-
end fed lines can be activated via address 3806 /RDG&RPSHQVDW = “<HV”. The
presetting is “1R”.
If load compensation is applied to single-phase faults in double-fed lines of an earthed
system, set <HV in address /RDG&RPSHQVDW. In case high fault resistances
are expected for single-phase faults, e.g. at overhead lines without overhead earth
wire or unfavourable footing of the towers, this will improve the accuracy of the
distance calculation.
6.16.3 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3802 START Pickup Pickup Start fault locator with
TRIP
3805 Paral.Line Comp NO YES Mutual coupling parall.line com-
YES pensation
3806 Load Compensat. NO NO Load Compensation
YES
6.16.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
1114 Rpri = Flt Locator: primary RESISTANCE
1115 Xpri = Flt Locator: primary REACTANCE
1117 Rsec = Flt Locator: secondary RESISTANCE
1118 Xsec = Flt Locator: secondary REACTANCE
1119 dist = Flt Locator: Distance to fault
1120 d[%] = Flt Locator: Distance [%] to fault
1122 dist = Flt Locator: Distance to fault
1123 FL Loop L1E Fault Locator Loop L1E
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Functions
F.No. Alarm Comments
1124 FL Loop L2E Fault Locator Loop L2E
1125 FL Loop L3E Fault Locator Loop L3E
1126 FL Loop L1L2 Fault Locator Loop L1L2
1127 FL Loop L2L3 Fault Locator Loop L2L3
1128 FL Loop L3L1 Fault Locator Loop L3L1
1132 Flt.Loc.invalid Fault location invalid
1133 Flt.Loc.ErrorK0 Fault locator setting error K0,angle(K0)
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6.17 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional)
6.17.1 Method of Operation
General The circuit breaker failure protection provides rapid back-up fault clearance, in the
event that the circuit breaker fails to respond to a trip command from a feeder
protection.
Whenever e.g. a short-circuit protection relay of a feeder issues a trip command to the
circuit breaker, this is repeated to the breaker failure protection (Figure 6-110). A timer
T–BF in the breaker failure protection is started. The timer runs as long as a trip
command is present and current continues to flow through the breaker poles.
Bus-bar
Protection
trip Circuit breaker failure protection
T–BF 0
I> BF &
Feeder
Feeder protection Trip
(internal or external) bus-bar
Figure 6-110 Simplified function diagram of circuit breaker failure protection with current flow
monitoring
Normally, the breaker will open and interrupt the fault current. The current monitoring
stage quickly resets (typical 10 ms) and stops the timer T–BF.
If the trip command is not carried out (breaker failure case), current continues to flow
and the timer runs to its set limit. The breaker failure protection then issues a
command to trip the back-up breakers and interrupt the fault current.
The reset time of the feeder protection is not relevant because the breaker failure
protection itself recognizes the interruption of the current.
For protection functions where the tripping criteria is not dependent on current (e.g.
Buchholz protection), current flow is not a reliable criterion for proper operation of the
breaker. In such cases, the circuit breaker position can be derived from the auxiliary
contacts of the breaker. Therefore, instead of monitoring the current, the condition of
the auxiliary contacts is monitored (see Figure 6-111). For this purpose, the outputs
from the auxiliary contacts must be fed to binary inputs on the relay (refer also Section
6.19.2).
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Bus-bar
L+
Protection
trip Circuit breaker failure protection
T–BF 0
Feeder protection
Feeder &
Trip
(internal or external) bus-bar
Figure 6-111 Simplified function diagram of circuit breaker failure protection controlled by
circuit breaker auxiliary contact
Current Flow Each of the phase currents and an additional plausibility current (see below) are
Monitoring filtered by numerical filter algorithms so that only the fundamental frequency is used
for further evaluation.
Special features recognise the instant of current interruption. With sinusoidal currents,
current interruption is detected after approx.10 ms. With d.c. transient current
components present in the fault current and/or in the current transformer secondary
circuit after interruption (e.g. current transformers with linearized core) or if the current
transformers are saturated by the d.c. component in the fault current, it can take one
a.c. cycle before the disappearance of the primary current is reliably detected.
The currents are monitored and compared with the set threshold. Besides the three
phase currents, two further current detectors are provided in order to allow a
plausibility check (see Figure 6-112).
The earth current (residual current IE = 3·I0) is preferably used as plausibility current.
If the residual current from the star-point of the current transformer set is connected to
the device this is used for 3· I0. If the residual current is not available the device
calculates it with the formula
3·I0 = IL1 + IL2 + IL3.
Additionally, three times the negative sequence current 3·I2 is used for plausibility
check. This is calculated by the 7SA522 according to the equation:
3·I2 = IL1 + a2 · IL2 + a · IL3
where
a = ej120°.
These plausibility currents do not have any direct influence on the basic functionality
of the breaker failure protection but they allow a plausibility check in that at least two
current thresholds must have been exceeded before any of the breaker failure delay
times can be started, thus providing high security against false operation.
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,!%)
Current
criterion
IL1
,! & >1 L1>
&
IL2
,! & >1 L2>
&
IL3
,! & >1 L3>
&
3I2
,! >1
plausi-
bility
3I0
,!
Figure 6-112 Current flow monitoring with the plausibility currents 3·I 0 and 3·I2
Processing of the The position of the circuit breaker is derived from the central function control of the
Circuit Breaker device (refer also to Section 6.19.2). Evaluation of the breaker auxiliary contacts is
Auxiliary Contacts carried out in the breaker failure protection function only when the current flow
monitoring has not picked up. Once the current flow criterion has picked up during the
trip signal from the feeder protection, the circuit breaker is assumed to be open as
soon as the current disappears, even if the associated auxiliary contact does not (yet)
indicate that the circuit breaker has opened (Figure 6-113). This gives preference to
the more reliable current criterion and avoids overfunctioning due to a defect e.g. in
the auxiliary contact mechanism or circuit. This interlock feature is provided for each
individual phase as well as for three-pole trip.
It is possible to disable the auxiliary contact criterion. If you set the parameter switch
&KN%5.&217$&7 (Figure 6-115 above) to 1R, the breaker failure protection can
only be started when current flow is detected. The position of the auxiliary contacts is
then not evaluated even if the auxiliary contacts are connected to the device.
7SA522 Manual 6-233
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L1>
& S Q
Start only L1 R
see Figure 6-118
FNo 351 1) & CB pole L1 closed
(refer to Fig. 6-118)
>CB Aux. L1
1) if phase dedicated auxiliary contacts available
FNo 380 2) >1 2
>CB 3p Open ) if series connection of NC contacts available
Figure 6-113 Interlock of the auxiliary contact criterion — example for phase L1
On the other hand, current flow is not a reliable criterion for proper operation of the
circuit breaker for faults which do not cause detectable current flow (e.g. Buchholz
protection). Information regarding the position of the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts
is required in these cases to check the correct response of the circuit breaker. For this
purpose, the binary input “!%)6WDUWZR,” is provided (Figure 6-115 left). This
input initiates the breaker failure protection even if no current flow is detected.
Common Phase Common phase initiation is used, for example, for lines without automatic reclosure,
Initiation for lines with only three-pole automatic reclosure, for transformer feeders, or if the bus-
bar protection trips. This is the only available initiation mode if the actual 7SA522
model is able to trip three-pole only.
If the breaker failure protection is intended to be initiated by further external protection
devices, it is recommended, for security reasons, to connect two starting criteria to the
7SA522 device: the trip command to the input “!%)6WDUWSROH” and an additional
release signal (e.g. fault detection, pickup) to the input ”!%)UHOHDVH”. For Buchholz
protection it is recommended that the trip command is connected to the 7SA522 by
two separate wire pairs in order to achieve dual-channel initiation of the breaker failure
protection.
Nevertheless, it is possible to initiate the breaker failure protection in single-channel
mode should a separate release criterion not be available. The binary input
”!%)UHOHDVH” must then not be assigned to any physical input of the device during
configuration.
The scheme functionality is shown in Figure 6-115. When the trip signal appears from
any internal or external feeder protection and at least one current flow criterion
(according to Figure 6-112) is present, the breaker failure protection is initiated and
the corresponding delay time(s) is (are) started.
If the current criterion is not fulfilled for any of the phases the position of the circuit
breaker auxiliary contact(s) is interrogated provided that this is available. If the circuit
breaker poles have individual auxiliary contacts, the series connection of the three
normally closed (NC) auxiliary contacts is used. The circuit breaker has operated
correctly after a three-pole trip command only when none of the phases carries current
or when all three NC auxiliary contacts have closed.
Figure 6-114 illustrates how the internal signal “CB pole L1 closed” is created (see
Figure 6-115 left) if at least one circuit breaker pole is closed.
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L1>
>1
L2>
L3>
& S Q
Start L123 R
see Figure 6-115
& CB any pole closed
FNr 351
>CB Aux. L1
FNr 352
>CB Aux. L2 >1
FNr 353
>CB Aux. L3
FNr 379
>CB 3p Closed
FNr 380
>CB 3p Open
Figure 6-114 Creation process of signal “CB any pole closed”
If an internal protection function or an external protection device trips without current
flow, the internal input “Start internal w/o I” or the external input “!%)6WDUWZR,”
is used to initiate the breaker failure protection. In these cases the breaker auxiliary
contact position is the only criterion for the response of the circuit breaker.
Initiation can be blocked via the binary input “!%/2&.%NU)DLO” (e.g. during testing
of the feeder protection relay). Additionally, an internal blocking option is provided.
&KN%5.&217$&7
(from Fig 6-114)
CB any pole closed
<HV
1R
(from Fig 6-112)
L1> >1
L2> >1
L3>
&
Start internal w/o l
>1
FNo 1439 >1 & Start L123
>BF Start w/o l &
Start internal 3pole FNo 1461
>1 BF Start
FNo 1415
>BF Start 3pole Configuration
not allocated
„1“
FNo 1432
allocated
>BF release
FNo 1403
>BLOCK BkrFail &
Internal blocking
Figure 6-115 Breaker failure protection with common phase initiation
7SA522 Manual 6-235
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Phase Segregated Phase segregated initiation of the breaker failure protection is necessary if the circuit
Initiation breaker poles can be operated individually, e.g. if single-pole automatic reclosure is
used. This is possible if the device is able to trip single-pole.
If initiation of the breaker failure protection must also be possible by further external
protection devices, it is recommended, for security reasons, to connect an additional
release signal (e.g. fault detection, pickup) at the input “!%)UHOHDVH”, besides the
trip commands at the inputs “!%)6WDUW/”, “!%)6WDUW/”, and “!%)6WDUW
/”. Figure 6-116 shows the connections of this dual-channel initiation.
Nevertheless, it is possible to initiate the breaker failure protection in single-channel
mode should a separate release criterion not be available. The binary input “!%)
UHOHDVH” must then not be assigned to any physical input of the device during
configuration.
If the external protection device does not provide a general fault detection signal, a
general trip signal can be used instead. Alternatively, the parallel connection of a
separate set of trip contacts can produce such a release signal as shown in Figure
6-117.
The starting condition logic for the delay times is shown in Figure 6-118. In principle,
it is designed similar to that for the common phase initiation, but, individually for each
of the three phases. Thus, current flow and initiation conditions are processed for each
phase. In case of single-pole interruption before an automatic reclose cycle, current
disappearance is reliably monitored for the tripped breaker pole only.
external 7SA522
prot. device
Trip L1 >BF Start L1
Trip L2 >BF Start L2
Trip L3 >BF Start L3
Pick-up >BF release
L+ L–
Figure 6-116 Breaker failure protection with phase segregated initiation — example for
initiation by an external protection device with release by a fault detection signal
6-236 7SA522 Manual
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external 7SA522
prot. device
Trip L1 >BF Start L1
Trip L1
Trip L2 >BF Start L2
Trip L2
Trip L3 >BF Start L3
Trip L3
L+ >BF release
L–
Figure 6-117 Breaker failure protection with phase segregated initiation — example for
initiation by an external protection device with release by a separate set of trip
contacts
Initiation of a single-phase, e.g. “Start L1 only” is valid when the starting input (= trip
command of any feeder protection) appears for only this phase and current flow is
detected in at least this phase. If current flow is not detected, the auxiliary contact
position can be interrogated according to Figure 6-113, dependent on the setting (&KN
%5.&217$&7 = <HV).
The auxiliary contact criterion is also processed for each individual breaker pole. If
however the breaker auxiliary contacts are not available for each individual breaker
pole, then a single-pole trip command is assumed to be executed only once the series
connection of the normally open (NO) auxiliary contacts is interrupted. This
information is provided to the breaker fail protection by the central function control of
the device (refer to Section 6.19.2).
The three-phase starting signal “Start L123” is generated if trip signals appear in more
than one pole (regardless from which protection function). Phase segregated initiation
is then blocked. The input “!%)6WDUWZR,” (e.g. from Buchholz protection)
operates in three-phase mode as well. The function is the same as with common
phase initiation.
The additional release-signal “!%)UHOHDVH” (if assigned to a binary input) affects all
starting conditions. Initiation can be blocked via the binary input “!%/2&.%NU)DLO”
(e.g. during test of the feeder protection relay). Additionally, an internal blocking option
is provided.
7SA522 Manual 6-237
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&KN%5.&217$&7
CB pole L1 closed
<HV
1R >1
L1>
Start internal L1
>1
FNo 1435 & Start only L1
>BF Start L1 &
CB pole L2 closed
<HV
1R >1
L2>
Start internal L2
>1
FNo 1436 & Start only L2
>BF Start L2 &
CB pole L3 closed
<HV
1R >1
L3>
Start internal L3
>1
FNo 1437
& & Start only L3
>BF Start L3
>2
CB any pole closed
<HV
1R
L1> >1
L2> >1
L3>
&
Start internal w/o I
>1 >1 & Start L123
FNo 1439 &
>BF Start w/o I
Start internal 3pole
>1
FNo 1415
Configuration FNo 1461
>BF START 3pole
not allocated >1 BF Start
„1“
FNo 1432
allocated
>BF release
FNo 1403
>BLOCK BkrFail &
Internal blocking
Figure 6-118 Initiation conditions with phase segregated initiation
Delay Timers When the initiate conditions are fulfilled, the associated timers are started. The circuit
breaker pole(s) must open before the associated time has elapsed.
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Different delay timers are provided for operation after common phase initiation and
phase segregated initiation. A third time stage can be used for two-stage breaker
failure protection.
With single-stage breaker failure protection, the trip command is routed to the adjacent
circuit breakers should the local feeder breaker fail (refer to Figure 6-110 or 6-111).
The adjacent circuit breakers are all those which must trip in order to interrupt the fault
current, i.e. the breakers which feed the bus-bar or the bus-bar section to which the
feeder under consideration is connected. The possible initiation conditions for the
breaker failure protection are those discussed above. Depending on the application of
the feeder protection, common phase or phase segregated initiation conditions may
occur. Tripping by the breaker failure protection is always three-pole.
The simplest solution is to start the delay timer 7 (Figure 6-119). The phase-
segregated initiation signals are omitted if the feeder protection always trips three-pole
or if the circuit breaker is not capable of single-pole tripping.
If different delay times are required after a single-pole trip and three-pole trip by the
feeder protection it is possible to use the timer stages 7SROH and 7SROH
according to Figure 6-120.
7 (Trip
Start only L1 bus-bar)
FNo 1494
Start only L2
>1 7
BF T2-TRIP(bus)
Start only L3
Start L123
Figure 6-119 Single-stage breaker failure protection with common phase initiation
73ROH
Start only L1
>1 7
Start only L2 (Trip
bus-bar)
Start only L3
FNo 1476
73ROH >1
BF T1-TRIP L123
7
Start L123
Figure 6-120 Single-stage breaker failure protection with different delay timers
With two-stage breaker failure protection, the trip command of the feeder protection is
usually repeated, after a first time stage, to the feeder circuit breaker, often via a
second trip coil or set of trip coils, if the breaker has not responded to the original trip
command. A second time stage monitors the response to this repeated trip command
and trips the breakers of the relevant bus-bar section, if the fault has not yet been
cleared after this second time.
For the first time stage, different time delays can be selected for a single-pole trip and
three-pole trip by the feeder protection. Additionally, you can select (parameter S
5(75,3 7 ) whether this repeated trip should be single-pole or three-pole.
7SA522 Manual 6-239
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73ROH S5(75,3 7 (accordingly for
other phases)
Start only L1
7 <HV FNo 1472
>1 &
Start only L2 1R Start only L1
BF T1-TRIP 1pL1
Start only L3
(Trip repetition
73ROH feeder breaker)
FNo 1476
>1
7 BF T1-TRIP L123
Start L123
7 (Trip
bus-bar)
FNo 1494
> 1 7 BF T2-TRIP (bus)
Figure 6-121 Two-stage breaker failure protection with phase segregated initiation — one
phase
Circuit Breaker not There may be cases when it is immediately apparent that the circuit breaker
Operational associated with a feeder protection relay cannot clear a fault, e.g. when the tripping
voltage or the tripping energy is not available.
In such a case it is not necessary to wait for the response of the feeder circuit breaker.
If provision has been made for the detection of such a condition (e.g. control voltage
monitor or air pressure monitor), the monitor alarm signal can be fed to the binary input
“!&%IDXOW\” of the 7SA522. On occurrence of this alarm and a trip command by the
feeder protection, a separate timer 7%NU'HIHFWLYH, which is normally set to 0, is
started (Figure 6-122). Thus, the adjacent circuit breakers (bus-bar) are tripped
immediately in case the feeder circuit breaker is not operational.
FNo 1461
(all initiation 7%NU'HIHFWLYH
conditions BF Start
Fig 6-115/6-118)
FNo 1493
FNo 378 T0
>CB faulty
& BF TRIP CBdefec
Figure 6-122 Circuit breaker not operational
Transfer Trip to the The 7SA522 has the facility to give an additional intertrip signal to the circuit breaker
Remote End Circuit at the remote line end in the event that the local feeder circuit breaker fails. For this, a
Breaker suitable protection signal transmission link is required (e.g. via communication cable,
power line carrier transmission, radio transmission, or optical fibre transmission).
To realise this intertrip, the desired command — usually the trip command which is
intended to trip the adjacent breakers — is assigned to a binary output of the device.
The contact of this output triggers the transmission device.
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End Fault An end fault is defined here as a short–circuit which has occurred at the end of a line
Protection or protected object, between the circuit breaker and the current transformer set.
This situation is shown in Figure 6-123. The fault is located — as seen from the current
transformers (= measurement location) — on the bus-bar side, thus, it will not be
regarded by the feeder protection relay as a feeder fault. It can only be detected by
either a reverse stage of the feeder protection or by a bus-bar protection.
Nevertheless, a trip command given to the feeder circuit breaker cannot clear the fault
since the opposite end(s) continue(s) to feed the fault. Thus, the fault current does not
stop flowing even though the feeder circuit breaker has properly responded to the trip
command.
Bus-bar
Trip by
protection
ISC
Feeder
Figure 6-123 End fault between circuit breaker and current transformers
The end fault protection has the task to recognize this situation and to transmit a trip
signal to the remote end(s) of the protected object to clear the fault. For this purpose,
the output command “%)(QG)OW75,3” is available to trigger a signal transmission
device (e.g. power line carrier, radio wave, or optical fibre) — if applicable, together
with other commands that need to be transferred.
The end fault is recognized when the current continues flowing although the circuit
breaker auxiliary contacts indicate that the breaker is open. In the 7SA522, an
additional criterion is the presence of any breaker failure protection initiate signal. The
scheme functionality is shown in Figure 6-124. If the breaker failure protection is
initiated and current flow is recognized (current criteria “L∗>” according Figure 6-112),
but no circuit breaker pole is closed (auxiliary contact criterion “CB any pole closed”),
then a timer 7(QG)DXOW is started, after which an intertrip signal is transmitted to the
opposite end(s) of the protected object.
(from Fig 6-112)
L1>
L2> >1
L3> 7(1')DXOW
FNo 1461
%)6WDUW
&
FNo 1495
T 0
& %)(QG)OW75,3
CB any pole closed
Figure 6-124 Function block diagram of end fault protection
7SA522 Manual 6-241
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Circuit Breaker The pole discrepancy supervision has the task to detect discrepancies in the position
Pole Discrepancy of the three circuit breaker poles. Under steady-state conditions, either all three poles
Supervision of the breaker must be closed, or all three poles must be open. Discrepancy is
permitted only for a short time interval during a single-pole automatic reclose cycle.
The scheme functionality is shown in Figure 6-125. The signals which are processed
here are the same as those used for the breaker failure protection. The pole
discrepancy condition is established when at least one pole is closed (“CB any pole
closed”) and at the same time not all poles are closed (“CB any pole open”).
Additionally, the current criteria (from Figure 6-112) are processed. Pole discrepancy
can only be detected when current is not flowing through all three poles (<3), i.e.
through only one or two poles. When current is flowing through all three poles, all three
poles must be closed even if the breaker auxiliary contacts indicate a different status.
If pole discrepancy is detected, this is annunciated by a fault detection signal. This
signal identifies the pole which was open before the trip command of the pole
discrepancy supervision occurred.
L1> FNo 1497
&
(from Fig 6-112)
BF CBdiscr L1
L2> FNo 1498
& BF CBdiscr L2
L3> FNo 1499
& BF CBdiscr L3
<3 73ROH'LVFUHS
FNo 1500
T 0
CB any pole closed & BF CBdiscr TRIP
CB any pole open
Figure 6-125 Function block diagram of pole discrepancy supervision
6.17.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
General The breaker failure protection and its ancillary functions (end fault protection, pole
discrepancy supervision) can only operate if they were configured as HQDEOHG during
setting of the scope of functions (see Section 5.1, address ).
Breaker Failure The complete breaker failure protection including its ancillary functions is switched Off
Protection or On under address )&7%UHDNHU)DLO.
The current threshold ,!%) (address ) should be selected such that the
protection will operate with the smallest expected short-circuit current. To ensure this,
the value should be 10 % less than the minimum anticipated fault current. On the other
hand, the value should not be set lower than necessary.
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Normally, the breaker failure protection evaluates the current flow criterion as well as
the position of the breaker auxiliary contact(s). If the auxiliary contact(s) status is not
available in the device, this criterion cannot be processed. In this case, set address
&KN%5.&217$&7 to 1R.
The breaker failure protection in the 7SA522 can be operated single-stage or two-
stage:
Two-stage Breaker With two-stage operation, the trip command is repeated after a time delay T1 to the
Failure Protection local feeder breaker, normally to a different set of trip coils of this breaker. A choice
can be made whether this trip repetition shall be single-pole or three-pole if the initial
feeder protection trip was single-pole (provided single-pole trip is possible). This
choice is made in address S5(75,3 7 . Set this parameter to <HV if you
wish single-pole trip for the first stage, otherwise to 1R.
If the breaker does not respond to this first stage trip, the adjacent circuit breakers
must be tripped provided the fault has not yet been cleared. The adjacent breakers are
those of the other feeders on the bus-bar or bus-bar section and — if signal
transmission is possible — the breaker at the remote end(s) of the protected object.
In the 7SA522, after a further delay time 7 (address ), the adjacent circuit
breakers (i.e. the breakers of the bus-bar zone and — if signal transmission is possible
— the breaker at the remote end) are tripped provided the fault has not yet been
cleared. An example of the time sequence is illustrated in Figure 6-126.
Separate delay times can be set:
− for single- or three-pole trip repetition to the local feeder circuit breaker after 1-pole
trip of the feeder protection under address 7SROH,
− for three-pole trip repetition to the local feeder circuit breaker after 3-pole trip of the
feeder protection under address 7SROH,
− for trip of the adjacent circuit breakers (bus-bar zone and remote end if applicable)
under address 7.
The delay times are set dependant on the maximum operating time of the feeder
circuit breaker and the reset time of the current detectors of the breaker failure
protection, plus a safety margin which allows for any tolerance of the delay timers. The
time sequence is illustrated in Figure 6-126. For sinusoidal currents one can assume
that the reset time of the current detectors is less than 15 ms but if current transformer
saturation is expected then 25 ms should be assumed.
7SA522 Manual 6-243
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Fault inception
Fault clearance time normal
Prot. CB operating time Reset Safety
trip (local) I–BF margin
Initiation breaker
failure protection
Time delay T1 of breaker Trip command Reset Safety
failure protection repetition I> BF margin
Time delay T2 of breaker CB operating time
failure protection (adjacent CBs)
Total fault clearance time with breaker failure
Figure 6-126 Time sequence example for normal clearance of a fault, and with circuit breaker
failure, using two-stage breaker failure protection
Single-stage With single-stage operation, the adjacent circuit breakers (i.e. the breakers of the bus-
Breaker Failure bar zone and — if transmission of the signal is possible — the breaker at the remote
Protection end) are tripped after a delay time 7 (address ) following initiation, should the
fault not have been cleared within this time.
The timers 7SROH (address ) and 7SROH (address ) are then set to
∞ since they are not needed.
But you may use the T1-timers for single-stage protection if you wish to utilize the
facility of setting different delay times after single-pole trip and three-pole trip of the
feeder protection. In this case, set the desired times under addresses 7
SROH and 7SROH but set address S5(75,3 7 to 1R to avoid
a single-pole trip to the bus-bar. And set 7 (address ) to ∞ or equal to 7
SROH. Be sure that the correct trip commands are assigned to the desired trip
relay(s).
The delay times are determined from the maximum operating time of the feeder circuit
breaker, the reset time of the current detectors of the breaker failure protection, plus
a safety margin which allows for any tolerance of the delay timers. The time sequence
is illustrated in Figure 6-127. For sinusoidal currents one can assume that the reset
time of the current detectors is less than 15 ms but if current transformer saturation is
expected then 25 ms should be assumed.
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Fault inception
Fault clearance time normal
Prot. CB operating time Reset Safety
trip I> BF margin
Initiation breaker
failure protection
Time delay T2 of breaker CB–operating time
failure protection (adjacent CBs)
Total fault clearance time with breaker failure
Figure 6-127 Time sequence example for normal clearance of a fault, and with circuit breaker
failure, using single-stage breaker failure protection
Circuit Breaker not If the circuit breaker associated with the feeder is not operational (e.g. control voltage
Operational failure or air pressure failure), it is apparent that the local breaker cannot clear the
fault. Time delay before tripping the adjacent breakers is not necessary in this case. If
the relay is informed about this disturbance (via the binary input “!&%IDXOW\”, the
adjacent circuit breakers (bus-bar and remote end if applicable) are tripped after the
time 7%NU'HIHFWLYH (address ) which is usually set to .
Address 7ULS%NU'HIHFW determines to which output the trip command is
routed in the event that the breaker is not operational when a feeder protection trip
occurs. Select that output which is used to trip the adjacent breakers (bus-bar trip).
End Fault The end fault protection can be switched 2Q or 2II separately under address
Protection (QG)OWVWDJH. An end fault is a short-circuit between the circuit breaker and the
current transformer set of the feeder. The end fault protection presumes that the
device is informed about the circuit breaker position via breaker auxiliary contacts
connected to binary inputs.
If, during an end fault, the circuit breaker is tripped by a reverse fault stage of the
feeder protection or by the bus-bar protection (the fault is a bus-bar fault as
determined from the location of the current transformers), the fault current will
continue to flow, because the fault is fed from the remote end of the feeder circuit.
The time 7(QG)DXOW (address ) is started when, during the fault detection
condition of the feeder protection, the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts indicate open
poles and, at the same time, current flow is detected (address ). The trip
command of the end fault protection is intended for the transmission of an intertrip
signal to the remote end circuit breaker.
Thus, the delay time must be set such that it can bridge out short transient apparent
end fault conditions which may occur during switching of the breaker.
Pole Discrepancy The pole discrepancy supervision can be switched 2Q or 2II separately under
Supervision address 3ROH'LVFUHSDQF\. It is only useful if the breaker poles can be
operated individually. It avoids that only one or two poles of the local breaker are open
continuously. It has to be provided that either the auxiliary contacts of each pole or the
series connection of the NO auxiliary contacts and the series connection of the NC
auxiliary contacts are connected to the device’s binary inputs. If these conditions are
not fulfilled, switch the pole discrepancy supervision 2II.
7SA522 Manual 6-245
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The delay time 73ROH'LVFUHS (address ) determines how long a breaker
pole discrepancy condition of the feeder circuit breaker, i.e. only one or two poles
open, may be present before the pole discrepancy supervision issues a three-pole trip
command. This time must clearly be longer than the duration of a single-pole
automatic reclose cycle. The time should be less than the permissible duration of an
unbalanced load condition which is caused by the unsymmetrical position of the circuit
breaker poles. Conventional values are 2 s to 5 s.
6.17.3 Settings
Note: The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings
refer to IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values are to be multiplied
by 5.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3901 FCT BreakerFail ON ON Breaker Failure Protection is
OFF
3902 I> BF 0.05..20.00 A 0.10 A Pick-up threshold I>
3903 1p-RETRIP (T1) NO YES 1pole retrip with stage T1 (local
YES trip)
3904 T1-1pole 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1, Delay after 1pole start (local
trip)
3905 T1-3pole 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1, Delay after 3pole start (local
trip)
3906 T2 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.15 sec T2, Delay of 2nd stage (busbar
trip)
3907 T3-BkrDefective 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T3, Delay for start with defective
bkr.
3908 Trip BkrDefect. NO NO Trip output selection with defec-
trips with T1-trip-signal tive bkr
trips with T2-trip-signal
trips with T1 and T2-trip-
signal
3909 Chk BRK CON- NO YES Check Breaker contacts
TACT YES
3921 End Flt. stage ON OFF End fault stage is
OFF
3922 T-EndFault 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec Trip delay of end fault stage
3931 PoleDiscrepancy ON OFF Pole Discrepancy supervision
OFF
3932 T-PoleDiscrep. 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec Trip delay with pole discrepancy
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6.17.4 Information Overview
F.No. Alarm Comments
1401 >BF on >BF: Switch on breaker fail protection
1402 >BF off >BF: Switch off breaker fail protection
1403 >BLOCK BkrFail >BLOCK Breaker failure
1432 >BF release >BF: External release
1439 >BF Start w/o I >BF: External start 3pole (w/o current)
1415 >BF Start 3pole >BF: External start 3pole
1435 >BF Start L1 >BF: External start L1
1436 >BF Start L2 >BF: External start L2
1437 >BF Start L3 >BF: External start L3
1440 BkrFailON/offBI Breaker failure prot. ON/OFF via BI
1451 BkrFail OFF Breaker failure is switched OFF
1452 BkrFail BLOCK Breaker failure is BLOCKED
1453 BkrFail ACTIVE Breaker failure is ACTIVE
1461 BF Start Breaker failure protection started
1493 BF TRIP CBdefec BF Trip in case of defective CB
1472 BF T1-TRIP 1pL1 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L1
1473 BF T1-TRIP 1pL2 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L2
1474 BF T1-TRIP 1pL3 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L3
1476 BF T1-TRIP L123 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - 3pole
1494 BF T2-TRIP(bus) BF Trip T2 (busbar trip)
1495 BF EndFlt TRIP BF Trip End fault stage
1496 BF CBdiscrSTART BF Pole discrepancy pickup
1497 BF CBdiscr L1 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L1
1498 BF CBdiscr L2 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L2
1499 BF CBdiscr L3 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L3
1500 BF CBdiscr TRIP BF Pole discrepancy Trip
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6.18 Monitoring Functions
The device incorporates extensive monitoring functions of both the device hardware
and software; the measured values are also continually checked to ensure their
plausibility; the current and voltage transformer secondary circuits are thereby
substantially covered by the monitoring function. Furthermore it is possible to
implement a trip circuit supervision function by means of the available binary inputs.
6.18.1 Method of Operation
6.18.1.1 Hardware–Monitoring
The device is monitored from the measuring inputs up to the command relays.
Monitoring circuits and the processor check the hardware for faults and inadmissible
states.
Auxiliary and The 5 V processor voltage is monitored by the hardware, as the processor would no
Reference Voltages longer function once the voltage is below the minimum value threshold. The device is
taken out of service. On recovery of the voltage the processor system is restarted.
If the auxiliary supply fails or is switched off, the device is taken out of service; this
state is alarmed by a normally closed contact (can be changed to a normally open
contact via jumper, refer to subsection 8.1.3) Short dips in the auxiliary supply voltage
do not affect the serviceability of the device (refer to Sub-section 10.1.2 in the
technical data).
The processor monitors the offset and reference voltage of the A/D (analogue-to-
digital converter). In the case of inadmissible deviations, the protection is blocked;
permanent faults are alarmed.
Buffer Battery The charging state of the internal battery buffer, which ensures the correct function of
the internal clock and the storage of counters and alarms in the event of auxiliary
supply failure is cyclically checked. If the voltage drops below the minimum
permissible level, the alarm “%DWWHU\HPSW\” is issued.
If the device is not fed with auxiliary voltage for more than 1 to 2 days, the internal
back-up battery is switched off automatically, i.e. the time is not registered any more.
Messages and fault recordings keep stored.
Memory Modules The working memory (RAM) is tested during booting of the system. If a fault is
detected, the booting sequence is terminated and a LED blinks. During operation the
memory is checked by means of its checksum.
A checksum of the program memory (EPROM) is cyclically generated and compared
with the stored program checksum.
A checksum for the parameter memory (EEPROM) is cyclically generated and
compared with the checksum which is computed after each change of the stored
parameters.
If a fault is detected, the processor system is restarted.
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Sampling The sampling frequency and the synchronism of the internal buffer modules is
Frequency continuously monitored. If deviations occur which cannot be removed by re-
synchronization, the processor system is rebooted.
Measured Value Four measuring inputs are available in the current circuits. If the three phase currents
Acquisition — and the earth current from the current transformer star-point or from a separate earth
Currents current transformer on the protected circuit are connected to the device, the sum of
the four digitized currents must equal 0. Faults in the current circuits are detected if
IF = |IL1 + IL2 + IL3 + kI · IE | > ΣI THRESHOLD · IN + ΣI FACTOR · Imax
whereby kI (parameter ,,SK&7) takes the eventual ratio difference of a separate
IE–current transformer into consideration (e.g. core balance CT). ΣI THRESHOLD
and ΣI FACTOR are setting parameters. The amount ΣI FACTOR · Imax takes the
permissible current proportional ratio errors of the input transducers into account
which are particularly prevalent during large fault currents (Figure 6-128). The reset
ratio is approx. 97 %.
This failure is alarmed by “Failure Σ I”.
Note:
The current sum monitoring is only effective if the fourth current measuring input (I4)
is connected to measure the earth current of the protected line.
IF
IN
slope:
Σ,)$&725
Σ,7+5(6+2/'
Imax
IN
Figure 6-128 current sum monitoring
Measured Value Four measuring inputs are available in the voltage circuits: three for phase–earth
Acquisition — voltages as well as one input for the displacement voltage (e-n voltage of an open
Voltages delta connection) or a busbar voltage. If the displacement voltage is connected to the
device, the sum of the three digitized phase voltages must equal three times the zero
sequence voltage. Errors in the voltage transformer circuits are detected when
UF = |UL1 + UL2 + UL3 + kU · UEN | > 25 V.
The factor kU allows for a difference of the transformation ratio between the
displacement voltage input and the phase voltage inputs (parameter 8SK8GHOWD).
The reset ratio is approx. 97 %.
This fault is alarmed by “)DLOΣ83K(”.
7SA522 Manual 6-249
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Note:
The voltage sum monitoring is only effective if the measuring input for the displace-
ment voltage is connected to a displacement voltage which was generated externally.
6.18.1.2 Software–Monitoring
Watchdog For the continuous monitoring of the program execution, a time monitoring is
incorporated in the hardware (hardware watchdog). The watchdog expires and resets
the processor system causing a complete reboot if the processor fails or when a
program loses synchronism.
A further software–watchdog ensures that errors in the program execution are
detected. This watchdog also initiates a reset of the processor.
If a fault is not removed by the restart of the processors, a new restart is attempted.
Following three failed restarts within 30 s the protection takes itself out of service and
the red LED “ERROR” is illuminated. The device ready relay resets and alarms the
device failure state with its normally closed contact.
6.18.1.3 Monitoring of the External Instrument Transformer Circuits
Interruptions or short circuits in the secondary circuits of the current and voltage
transformers, as well as incorrect terminations (important during commissioning) are
largely recognized by the device and alarmed. To this end, the measured values are
cyclically checked in the background as long as no fault detection is present.
Current Symmetry During normal system operation, a certain degree of current symmetry can be
assumed. This symmetry is checked in the device by means of a magnitude
monitoring. The smallest phase current is compared with the largest. Non-symmetry
is detected when
|Imin | / |Imax | < %$/)$&725,
as long as Imax / IN > %$/$1&(,/,0,7 / IN
Imax is the largest and Iminis the smallest of the three phase currents. The symmetry
factor %$/)$&725, is a measure of the phase conductor non-symmetry, the
threshold value %$/$1&(,/,0,7 represents the lower limit of the operating range
of this monitoring function (refer to Figure 6-129). Both parameters can be set. The
reset ratio is approx. 97 %.
This failure is alarmed by “)DLO,EDODQFH”.
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Imin
IN
slope:
%$/)$&725,
Imax
%$/$1&(,/,0,7 IN
Figure 6-129 Current symmetry monitoring
Broken Conductor A broken conductor of the protected line or in the current transformer secondary circuit
can be detected, if the minimum current %$/$1&(,/,0,7 flows via the feeder. If a
current symmetrie failure is detected and the minimum current is below the threshold
3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW (address 1130, refer to subsection 6.1.3), an interruption of this
conductor may be assumed. After approximately 5 s the device issues the alarm
“)DLO&RQGXFWRU”.
Voltage Symmetry During normal system operation, a certain degree of voltage symmetry can be
assumed. The symmetry is monitored in the device with a magnitude comparison. The
smallest phase voltage is compared to the largest. Non-symmetry is detected when
|Umin | / |Umax | < %$/)$&7258
as long as |Umax| > %$/$1&(8/,0,7
Umax is the largest and Umin is the smallest of the three voltages. The symmetry factor
%$/)$&7258 provides a measure of the voltage unsymmetry, the threshold value
%$/$1&(8/,0,7 defines the lower limit of the operating range for this monitoring
function (refer to Figure 6-130). Both parameters can be set. The reset ratio is approx.
97 %.
This failure is alarmed by “)DLO8EDODQFH”.
Umin
V
slope:
%$/)$&7258
Umax
%$/$1&(8/,0,7
V
Figure 6-130 Voltage symmetry monitoring
Voltage Phase The verification of the faulted phases and the phase preference, direction
Rotation measurement and polarization with quadrature voltages usually demand clockwise
rotation of the measured values. The phase rotation of the measured voltages is
checked by monitoring of the voltage phase sequence.
7SA522 Manual 6-251
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UL1 before UL2 before UL3
This check takes place if each measured voltage has a minimum magnitude of
|UL1|, |UL2|, |UL3| > 40 V/√3
In the event of negative phase rotation, the alarm “)DLO3K6HT” is issued.
If the system has a negative phase rotation, this must have been set during the
configuration of the power system data (Sub-section 6.1.1). In such event, the phase
rotation monitoring applies to the corresponding opposite phase sequence.
Fuse Failure In the event of measured voltage failure due to a short circuit or broken conductor in
Monitor the voltage transformer secondary circuit certain measuring loops may mistakenly see
(Non-Symmetrical a voltage of zero, which due to the load current may result in an unwanted pick-up or
Voltages) even trip.
If a VTminiature circuit breaker (mcb) with correspondingly adjusted auxiliary contacts
is not available, but instead e.g. fuses are used, the fuse failure monitor may be
activated. Naturally, it is also possible to use voltage transformer mcb and fuse failure
monitor at the same time.
The non-symmetrical measured voltage failure is characterized by its voltage
unsymmetry with simultaneous current symmetry. In Figure 6-131 the logic diagram
of the fuse failure monitor during unsymmetrical failure of the measured voltage is
shown.
If there is substantial voltage unsymmetry of the measured values, without
unsymmetry of the currents being registered at the same time, this indicates the
presence of a non-symmetrical failure in the voltage transformer secondary circuit.
The unsymmetry of the voltage is detected by the fact that either the zero sequence
voltage or the negative sequence voltage exceed a settable value ))08! PLQ . The
current is assumed to be sufficiently symmetrical, if both the zero sequence as well as
the negative sequence current are below the settable threshold ))0, PD[ .
As soon as this state is recognized, the distance protection and all other functions that
operate on the basis of undervoltage (e.g. also weak infeed tripping) are blocked. The
immediate blocking demands current flow in at least one of the phases. The distance
protection may be switched over to definite time overcurrent emergency operation if
the overcurrent protection was configured accordingly (refer to Section 6.11).
The fast blocking may not occur as long as one phase is without voltage due to a
single-pole dead time condition, as the non-symmetry of the measured values arising
in this state is due to the switching state of the line and not due to a failure in the
secondary circuits. Accordingly, the fast blocking is disabled when the line is tripped
single-pole (internal information “SROHRSHQ” in the logic diagram).
If a zero sequence or negative sequence current is detected within approximately 10 s
after recognition of this criterion, the protection assumes a short-circuit and removes
the blocking by the fuse failure monitor for the duration of the fault. If on the other hand
the voltage failure criterion is present for longer than approx. 10 s, the blocking is
permanently activated (latching of the voltage criterion after 10 s). Only once the
voltage criterion is removed by correction of the secondary circuit failure, will the
blocking automatically reset, thereby releasing the blocked protection functions again.
6-252 7SA522 Manual
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FFM I< (max)
IL1
I>
≥1
IL2
I>
IL3
I>
&76WDUSRLQW
LVRODWHG
3I0 UHVRQDQWHDUWKHG
I>
HDUWKHG
≥1 FNo 170
3I2 & &
I> VT FuseFail
FFM U>(min)
3U0 FNo 169
U> 10 s 0
≥1 Fuse–Failure
≥1 ≥1
&
3U2
U>
1pole dead time
≥1
Figure 6-131 Logic diagram of the fuse failure monitor with zero and negative sequence system
Fuse Failure A three-phase failure of the secondary measured voltage can be distinguished from
Monitor an actual system fault by the fact that the currents have no significant change in the
(Three-Phase) event of a failure in the secondary measured voltage. For this reason, the sampled
current values are routed to a buffer, so that the difference between the present and
stored current values can be analysed to recognize the magnitude of the current
differential (current differential criterion). A three-pole voltage failure is detected if
• all three phase–earth voltages are smaller than the threshold ))08 PD[ SK ,
• the current differential in all three phases is smaller than the threshold
))0,GHOWD S , and
• all three phase current amplitudes are greater than the minimum current ,SK! for
impedance measurement by the distance protection.
If no stored current values are present (yet), the current magnitude criterion is resorted
to. A three-pole system voltage failure is detected in this case if
• all three phase–earth voltages are smaller than the threshold ))08 PD[ SK ,
• all three phase current amplitudes are smaller than the minimum current ,SK! for
impedance measurement by the distance protection, and
• all three phase current amplitudes are greater than a fixed set noise threshold
(40 mA).
If such a voltage failure is recognized, the distance protection and all other functions
that operate on the basis of undervoltage (e.g. also weak infeed tripping) are blocked
until the voltage failure is removed; thereafter the blocking is automatically removed.
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Definite time overcurrent emergency operation is possible during the voltage failure if
the overcurrent protection was configured accordingly (refer to Section 6.11).
Additional If no measuring voltage is available after power-on of the device (e.g. because the
Measured Voltage voltage transformers are not connected), the absence of the voltage can be detected
Failure Monitoring and reported by an additional monitoring function. Where circuit breaker auxiliary
contacts are used, they should be used for monitoring as well. Figure 6-132 shows the
logic diagram of the measured voltage failure monitoring.
A failure of the measured voltage is detected if:
• all three phase-to-earth voltages are smaller than ))08 PD[ SK ,
• at least one phase current is greater than 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW,
• no protection function has picked up,
• this condition persists for a settable time ”796XSHUYLVLRQ” (default setting:
3 sec).
If the waiting time for measured voltage failure monitoring “796XSHUYLVLRQ” is set
to infinite, the monitoring is ineffective. This time ”796XSHUYLVLRQ” is required to
prevent that a voltage failure is detected before the protection picks up.
If the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are configured accordingly, a voltage failure is
detected if:
• all three phase-to-earth voltages are smaller than 3ROH2SHQ9ROWDJH and
• the auxiliary contacts signal that at least one pole of the circuit breaker is closed.
If a failure is detected by anyone of these criteria, the annunciation 168 “)DLO8
DEVHQW” is output, and the device switches to emergency operation (see Section
6.11).
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96XSHUYLVLRQ
RII
ZLWKFXUUVXSHUYLV ≥1
1
ZLWKFXUUVXSHUYLV
DQG&%DX[
FFM U<max (3ph) $
UL1-E
U<
UL2-E
U<
FNr 168
& Fail U absent
UL3-E
U<
T V-Supervision $ &
T-V-Superv. 0
Dis. PICKUP Emerg. Func.
S Q
PoleOpenCurrent $ R
IL1
IL1>
IL2
IL2>
IL3
IL3> ≥1
)1R
>CB Aux. L1
)1R
>CB Aux. L2
≥1 &
)1R
>CB Aux. L3
)1R
>CB1 3p Closed
Figure 6-132 Logic diagram of the additional measured voltage failure monitoring
6.18.1.4 Trip Circuit Supervision
The Distance Protection 7SA522 incorporates an integrated trip circuit supervision
function. Depending on the number of binary inputs with isolated control inputs that
are still available, a choice can be made between monitoring with one or with two
binary inputs. If the allocation of the required binary inputs does not match the selected
monitoring mode, a corresponding alarm is issued (“7ULS&3URJ)$,/” along with
the number of the faulty monitoring circuit). If two binary inputs are used, disturbances
of the trip circuit can be detected during all switching states. With only one binary input,
faults in the circuit breaker can not be detected. If single-pole tripping is possible, a
separate trip circuit supervision can be implemented for each circuit breaker pole
provided the required binary inputs are available.
7SA522 Manual 6-255
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Monitoring with If two binary inputs are used, these are connected as shown in Figure 6-133. The one
Two Binary Inputs binary input is connected in parallel to the corresponding trip relay contact of the
protection while the other is connected in parallel to the circuit breaker auxiliary
contacts.
A prerequisite for the implementation of the trip circuit supervision function is that the
control voltage of the circuit breaker is greater than the sum of the minimum voltage
drops across the two binary inputs (UC > 2·UBImin). As at least 19 V is necessary per
binary input, the monitoring can only be implemented if the plant control voltage is
greater than 38 V.
Hints for calculating the dimensioning of shunt R are given in Subsection 8.1.2 below
margin heading “Trip Circuit Supervision“.
UC
L+ 7SA522
UBI1 >Trip C1 TripRel
7SA522
TR
>Trip C1 BKr.Rel
Legend:
TR — trip relay contact
CB — circuit breaker
UBI2 TC — circuit breaker trip coil
Aux1 — circuit breaker auxiliary contact
CB TC Aux1 Aux2 (normally open)
Aux2 — circuit breaker auxiliary contact
(normally closed)
UC — control voltage (tripping voltage)
UBI1 — input voltage of the 1st binary input
UBI2 — input voltage of the 2nd binary input
L– Note: The circuit breaker is shown in closed position!
Figure 6-133 Trip circuit supervision operating principle with two binary inputs
The monitoring with two binary inputs not only detects interruptions of the trip circuit
and failure of the control voltage, but also monitors the reaction of the circuit breaker
by means of the switching state of the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts.
Depending on the switching state of the trip relay and circuit breaker, the binary inputs
are initiated (logic state “H” in Table 6-6) or short circuited (logic state “L”).
The state where both binary inputs are not energized (“L”) is only present during a
short transition phase (trip relay contact is closed, but the circuit breaker has not yet
opened) if the trip circuit is healthy.
A continuous occurrence of this state is only possible during interruption or short
circuit of the trip circuit as well as during failure of the battery supply voltage, or faults
in the mechanism of the circuit breaker.
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Table 6-6 Condition table of the binary inputs depending on the Trip relay state and
CB state
No. Trip Circuit Auxiliary Auxiliary BI 1 BI 2
relay breaker contact 1 contact 2
1 open ON closed open H L
2 open OFF open closed H H
3 closed ON closed open L L
4 closed OFF open closed L H
The two binary inputs are periodically interrogated to determine their state. An
interrogation takes place every 500 ms. Only once n = 3 sequential state
interrogations detect a failure, will the failure alarm be generated (refer to Figure 6-
134). Due to this measurement repetition the delay of the failure alarm is determined.
A failure alarm due to transient transition phases is thereby avoided. After removal of
the failure in the trip circuit, the alarm automatically resets after the same time.
6854 >Trip C1 TripRel T T
& 6865 Fail: Trip cir.
6855 >Trip C1 BKr.Rel
T approx. 1 to 2 s
Figure 6-134 Logic diagram of the trip circuit supervision with two binary inputs
Monitoring with The binary input is connected in parallel to the corresponding trip relay of the
One Binary Input protection according to Figure 6-135.The circuit breaker auxiliary contact is bridged by
means of a high resistance shunt R.
The control voltage of the circuit breaker should be approximately twice the minimum
voltage drop across the binary input (UC > 2·UBImin). As at least 19 V are required for
the binary input, the monitoring function can be implemented if the plant control
voltage is greater than approximately 38 V.
An calculation example for the resistance shunt R is shown in subsection 8.1.2,
margin Trip Circuit Supervision.
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UC
L+ 7SA522
UBI >Trip C1 TripRel
7SA522
TR
Legend:
TR — trip relay contact
CB — circuit breaker
R TC — circuit breaker trip coil
Aux1 — circuit breaker auxiliary contact
(normally open)
Aux2 — circuit breaker auxiliary contact
CB TC Aux1 Aux2 (normally closed)
R — substitute resistor
UC — control voltage (tripping voltage)
UBI — input voltage of the binary input
L– Note: The circuit breaker is shown in closed position!
Figure 6-135 Operating principle of the trip circuit supervision with one binary input
During normal operation there is an input signal on the binary input when the trip relay
contact is open and the trip circuit is healthy (logic state “H”), because the monitoring
circuit is closed via the auxiliary contact (while circuit breaker is closed) or via the
substitute resistance R. The binary input is only short circuited and thereby not picked
up (logic state “L”) while the trip relay is closed.
If the binary input is continuously not picked up, this indicates an interruption of the trip
circuit or loss of the (tripping) control supply voltage.
As the trip circuit supervision is not in service during a system fault, the closed trip
relay contact does not cause an incorrect alarm. If however other trip relay contacts
from different devices are connected in parallel in the trip circuit, the failure alarm must
be delayed by $ODUP'HOD\ (refer also to Figure 6-136). After clearance of the failure
in the trip circuit, the failure alarm automatically resets with the same time delay.
$ODUP'HOD\
6854 >Trip C1 TripRel )1R
& T Tr
FAIL: Trip cir.
Power System fault
Tr approx. 1 to 2 s
Figure 6-136 Logic diagram of the trip circuit supervision with one binary input
6.18.1.5 Response to Failures
Depending on the nature of the detected failure, an alarm is issued, the processor
system is rebooted or the device is taken out of service. Following three unsuccessful
restart attempts, the device is also taken out of service. The device healthy relay (live)
also resets and alarms the failure state of the relay with its normally closed contact. In
addition the red LED “ERROR” on the front plate of the device is illuminated if the
internal auxiliary supply is available, and the green LED “RUN” is extinguished. If the
internal auxiliary supply also fails all LEDs are extinguished. In Table 6-7 a summary
of the monitoring functions and the response of the device to detected failures is
shown. In addition these monitoring alarms are allocated to four different general
alarm categories:
• (UURUZLWKDVXPPDU\DODUP (F.No. 140, i.e. general device failure)
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• $ODUPVXPPDU\HYHQW (F.No. 160, i.e. general supervision alarm)
• )DLOXUH JHQHUDOFXUUHQWVXSHUYLVLRQ (F.No. 161)
• )DLOXUH JHQHUDOYROWDJHVXSHUYLVLRQ (F.No. 164)
Table 6-7 Summary of the device response to detected failures
Monitoring Possible causes Failure response Alarm (function no.) Output
General alarms
Auxiliary voltage failure external (aux. supply) device out of service or all LEDs dark or D.OK2) resets
internal (converter) alarm “(UURU 9” (144)
Measured value internal (converter or protection out of serv- LED „ERROR” D.OK2) resets
acquisition reference voltage) ice, alarm “(UURU$'FRQY”
(181)
Buffer battery internal (buffer battery) alarm ´)DLO%DWWHU\µ as allocated
Hardware–watchdog internal (processor fail) device out of service LED “ERROR” D.OK2) resets
Software–watchdog internal (program execu- reboot attempt 1) LED “ERROR” D.OK2) resets
tion)
Working memory internal (RAM) reboot attempt 1) LED flashes D.OK2) resets
abortion of the boot
process
device out of service
Program memory internal (EPROM) reboot attempt 1) LED “ERROR” D.OK2) resets
Parameter memory internal (EEPROM or reboot attempt 1) LED “ERROR” D.OK2) resets
RAM)
Sampling frequency internal (clock) reboot attempt 1) LED “ERROR” D.OK2) resets
1 A/5 A–setting jumper settings alarm “(UURU$$ZURQJ” (192) D.OK2) resets
1 A/5 A incorrect protection out of service “(UURU$'FRQY” (181)
LED “ERROR”
Calibration data internal (EEPROM or alarm: “$ODUP12FDOLEU” as allocated
RAM) default values used (193)
Earth current transformer I/O–module does not cor- alarm: “(UURUQHXWUDO&7” (194) D.OK2) resets
sensitive/normal respond to the ordering protection out of service “(UURU$'FRQY” (181)
code of the device LED “ERROR”
Modules module does not corre- alarm: “(UURU%RDUG” D.OK2) resets
spond to the ordering protection out of service (183 ... 189)
code of the device and if applicable
“(UURU$'FRQY” (181)
Current sum internal (measured value alarm ´)DLOXUHΣ,” (162) as allocated
acquisition)
Current symmetry external (primary plant or alarm “)DLO,EDODQFH”(163) as allocated
current transformers)
Broken conductor external (primary plant or alarm “)DLO&RQGXFWRU” (195) as allocated
current transformers)
Voltage sum internal (measured value alarm “)DLOΣ83K(” (165) as allocated
acquisition)
Voltage symmetry external (primary plant or alarm “)DLO8EDODQFH” (167) as allocated
voltage transformers)
1) Following three unsuccessful reboot attempts, the device is taken out of service
2)
D.OK = “Device Okay” = Live contact relay
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Table 6-7 Summary of the device response to detected failures
Monitoring Possible causes Failure response Alarm (function no.) Output
General alarms
Voltage phase rotation Extrem (primary plant or alarm “)DLO3K6HT” (171) as allocated
connection)
Voltage failure, external (primary plant or alarm “)XVH²)DLOXUH” (170) as allocated
three-phase, connection) distance protection
Fuse failure monitor blocked
Voltage failure, external (voltage trans- alarm “)XVH²)DLOXUH” (170) as allocated
single-/two-phase, formers) distance protection
Fuse failure monitor blocked
Voltage failure, Extrem (primary plant or alarm “)DLO8PHDV” (168) as allocated
three-phase connection) distance protection
blocked
Trip circuit supervision external (trip circuit or alarm “)$,/ 7ULSFLU” as allocated
control voltage failure) (6865)
1)
Following three unsuccessful reboot attempts, the device is taken out of service
2)
D.OK = “Device Okay” = Live contact relay
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6.18.1.6 Group Alarms
Certain messages of the monitoring functions are already combined to group alarms.
Table 6-8 shows an overview of these group alarms an their composition.
Table 6-8 Group alarms
Group alarms Composed of
FNo Designation FNo Meaning
161 Fail I Superv. 162 Fail ΣI
163 Fail I balance
164 Fail U Superv. 165 Fail ΣUphe
167 Fail U balance
168 Fail U absent
160 Alarm Sum Event 162 Fail ΣI
163 Fail I balance
165 Fail ΣUphe
167 Fail U balance
169 VT Fuse fail > 10 s
170 VT FuseFail
361 >Fail:Feeder VT
171 Fail Ph.Seq.
177 Fail battery
193 Alarm NO calibr
183 Error Board 1
184 Error Board 2 1)
185 Error Board 3 1)
186 Error Board 4 1)
187 Error Board 5 1)
188 Error Board 6 1)
189 Error Board 7 1)
140 Error Sum Alarm 144 Error 5V
168 Fail U absent
192 Error 1A/5A wrong
194 Error neutral
181 Error A/D-conv.
1
) depending on the version (number of printed circuit boards)
6.18.2 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
The sensitivity of the measured value monitoring can be changed. In the factory,
presettings based on experience have already been applied, which should be
sufficient for most applications. If particularly high operational asymmetries of the
currents and/or voltages are expected, or if one or more monitoring functions pick up
sporadically during normal operation, the sensitivity setting(s) should be reduced.
In address 0($685(683(59 the measured value monitoring can be switched
21 or 2)).
Symmetry Address $ %$/$1&(8/,0,7 determines the voltage threshold (phase–
Monitoring phase), above which the voltage symmetry monitoring is in service (refer to Figure 6-
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130). Address $ %$/)$&7258 is the corresponding symmetry factor, i.e. the
slope of the symmetry characteristic (Figure 6-130).
Address $ %$/$1&(,/,0,7 determines the current threshold above which
the current symmetry monitoring is in service (refer also to Figure 6-129). Address
$ %$/)$&725, is the corresponding symmetry factor, i.e. the slope of the
symmetry characteristic (Figure 6-129).
Summation Address $ ΣI THRESHOLD determines the current threshold above which the
Monitoring current summation monitoring (refer to Figure 6-128) picks up (absolute value, only
referred to IN). The relative component (referred to the maximum conductor current)
for the pick-up of the current summation monitoring (Figure 6-128) is set in address
$ ΣI FACTOR.
Note:
The current summation monitoring is only in service if the earth current of the protect-
ed feeder is connected to the fourth current measuring input (I4) for earth currents.
Fuse Failure The settings of the fuse failure monitor for non-symmetrical measured voltage failure
Monitor (single- or two-phase) must be selected such that on the one hand reliable pick-up of
(Non-Symmetrical the monitoring is ensured in the case of loss of a single-phase voltage (address $
Voltages) ))08! PLQ ), while on the other hand a pick-up due to earth faults in an earthed
system is avoided. In accordance with this requirement, address $ ))0,
PD[ must be set sufficiently sensitive (below the smallest fault current due to earth
faults). In address )86()$,/021, the fuse failure monitor can be switched
2)) e.g. during non symmetrical testing.
Fuse Failure In address $ ))08 PD[ SK the minimum voltage threshold is set. If the
Monitor measured voltage drops below this threshold and a simultaneous current jump which
(Three-Phase) exceeds the limits according to address $ ))0,GHOWD S is not detected
while all three phase currents are greater than the minimum current required for the
impedance measurement by the distance protection according to address
,SK!, a three phase measured voltage failure is recognized.
Measured Voltage The measured voltage failure monitoring (fuse failure monitor) can be activated by
Failure Monitoring setting address 96XSHUYLVLRQtoZLWKFXUUHQWVXSHUYLVLRQ or
ZLWKFXUUHQWVXSHUYDQG&%DX[and deactivated by setting it to 2)). Address
7PFE is used to set the waiting time of the voltage failure monitoring.
Circuit Breaker If a circuit breaker for voltage transformers (VT mcb) is installed in the secondary
for Voltage circuit of the voltage transformers, the status is sent, via binary input, to the device
Transformers informing it about the position of the VT mcb. If a short-circuit in the secondary side
initiates the tripping of the VT mcb, the distance protection function has to be blocked
immediately. Otherwise a trip by the distance protection due to the lack of measured
voltage while load current is on. The blocking must be faster than the first stage of the
distance protection.This requires an extremely short reaction time for VT mcb (≤ 4 ms
for 50 Hz, ≤ 3 ms for 60 Hz nominal frequency). If this cannot be ensured, the
reaction time is to be set under address 7PFE.
Note that the fast trip of Zone 1 is delayed by the setting in . Unless absolutely
necessary the setting should be zero. Altenatively the intenal Fuse Failure Monitor can
be used (see above).
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Trip Circuit The number of circuits to be monitored was set during the configuration in address
Supervision 7ULS&LUF6XSHUY (Section 5.1). If the trip circuit supervision is not used at all,
the setting 'LVDEOHG must be applied there.
The trip circuit supervision can be switched 21 or 2)) in address . The number
of binary inputs that shall be used in each of the monitored circuits is set in address
1RRI%, If the marshalling of the binary inputs required for this function
does not correspond to the previously selected type of monitoring, a corresponding
alarm is issued (“7ULS&3URJ)$,/” with the number of the faulty monitoring circuit).
The trip circuit failure alarm is delayed by a fixed period of approximately 1 s to 2 s in
the case of monitoring with two binary inputs. The alarm delay in the event of
monitoring with one binary input can be set in address $ODUP'HOD\. If 7SA522
is the only device connected in the trip circuit, a delay of 1 s to 2 s is sufficient as the
trip circuit supervision is not active during a detected system fault. If, however, trip
contacts from other devices are connected in parallel in the trip circuit, the fail alarm
must be delayed such that the longest trip command duration can be reliably bridged.
6.18.3 Settings
Measurement The indicated secondary current values for setting ranges and default settings refer to
Supervision IN = 1 A. For the nominal current 5 A the current values are to be multiplied by 5. The
values of impedance are divided by 5. Bei Einstellungen in Primärwerten ist zusätzlich
die Übersetzung der Stromwandler zu berücksichtigen.
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2901 MEASURE. ON ON Measurement Supervision
SUPERV OFF
2902A BALANCE U-LIMIT 10..100 V 50 V Voltage Threshold for Balance
Monitoring
2903A BAL. FACTOR U 0.58..0.95 0.75 Balance Factor for Voltage
Monitor
2904A BALANCE I LIMIT 0.10..1.00 A 0.50 A Current Balance Monitor
2905A BAL. FACTOR I 0.10..0.95 0.50 Balance Factor for Current Moni-
tor
2906A ΣI THRESHOLD 0.05..2.00 A 0.10 A Summated Current Monitoring
Threshold
2907A ΣI FACTOR 0.00..0.95 0.10 Summated Current Monitoring
Factor
2910 FUSE FAIL MON. ON ON Fuse Failure Monitor
OFF
2911A FFM U>(min) 10..100 V 30 V Minimum Voltage Threshold U>
2912A FFM I< (max) 0.10..1.00 A 0.10 A Maximum Current Threshold I<
2913A FFM U<max (3ph) 2..100 V 5V Maximum Voltage Threshold U<
(3phase)
2914A FFM Idelta (3p) 0.05..1.00 A 0.10 A Delta Current Threshold
(3phase)
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2915 V-Supervision with current supervision with current super- Voltage Failure Supervision
with current superv. and vision
CBaux
OFF
2916A T V-Supervision 0.00..30.00 sec 3.00 sec Delay Voltage Failure Supervi-
sion
2921 T mcb 0..30 ms 0 ms VT mcb operating time
Trip Circuit
Supervision
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
4001 FCT TripSuperv. ON OFF TRIP Circuit Supervision is
OFF
4002 No. of BI 1..2 2 Number of Binary Inputs per trip
circuit
4003 Alarm Delay 1..30 sec 2 sec Delay Time for alarm
6.18.4 Information Overview
Hardware and
Software
Supervision
F.No. Alarm Comments
3 >Time Synch >Synchronize Internal Real Time Clock
5 >Reset LED >Reset LED
15 >Test mode >Test mode
Test mode Test mode
16 >DataStop >Stop data transmission
DataStop Stop data transmission
51 Device OK Device is Operational and Protecting
52 ProtActive At Least 1 Protection Funct. is Active
55 Reset Device Reset Device
56 Initial Start Initial Start of Device
60 Reset LED Reset LED
67 Resume Resume
68 Clock SyncError Clock Synchronization Error
69 DayLightSavTime Daylight Saving Time
SynchClock Clock Synchronization
70 Settings Calc. Setting calculation is running
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F.No. Alarm Comments
71 Settings Check Settings Check
72 Level-2 change Level-2 change
73 Local change Local setting change
110 Event Lost Event lost
113 Flag Lost Flag Lost
125 Chatter ON Chatter ON
126 ProtON/OFF Protection ON/OFF (via system port)
127 AR ON/OFF Auto Reclose ON/OFF (via system port)
128 TelepONoff Teleprot. ON/OFF (via system port)
140 Error Sum Alarm Error with a summary alarm
144 Error 5V Error 5V
160 Alarm Sum Event Alarm Summary Event
177 Fail Battery Failure: Battery empty
181 Error A/D-conv. Error: A/D converter
182 Alarm Clock Alarm: Real Time Clock
190 Error Board 0 Error Board 0
183 Error Board 1 Error Board 1
184 Error Board 2 Error Board 2
185 Error Board 3 Error Board 3
186 Error Board 4 Error Board 4
187 Error Board 5 Error Board 5
188 Error Board 6 Error Board 6
189 Error Board 7 Error Board 7
192 Error1A/5Awrong Error:1A/5Ajumper different from setting
193 Alarm NO calibr Alarm: NO calibration data available
194 Error neutralCT Error: Neutral CT different from MLFB
>Light on >Back Light on
HWTestMod Hardware Test Mode
4051 Telep. ON Teleprotection is switched ON
Error FMS1 Error FMS FO 1
Error FMS2 Error FMS FO 2
Brk OPENED Breaker OPENED
FdrEARTHED Feeder EARTHED
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General Current
Supervision
F.No. Alarm Comments
161 Fail I Superv. Failure: General Current Supervision
162 Failure Σ I Failure: Current Summation
163 Fail I balance Failure: Current Balance
164 Fail U Superv. Failure: general Voltage Supervision
165 Fail Σ U Ph-E Failure: Voltage summation Phase-Earth
167 Fail U balance Failure: Voltage Balance
168 Fail U absent Failure: Voltage absent
169 VT FuseFail>10s VT Fuse Failure (alarm >10s)
170 VT FuseFail VT Fuse Failure (alarm instantaneous)
171 Fail Ph. Seq. Failure: Phase Sequence
195 Fail Conductor Failure: Broken Conductor
196 Fuse Fail M.OFF Fuse Fail Monitor is switched OFF
197 MeasSup OFF Measurement Supervision is switched OFF
Trip Command
Supervision
F.No. Alarm Comments
6854 >TripC1 TripRel >Trip circuit superv. 1: Trip Relay
6855 >TripC1 Bkr.Rel >Trip circuit superv. 1: Breaker Relay
6856 >TripC2 TripRel >Trip circuit superv. 2: Trip Relay
6857 >TripC2 Bkr.Rel >Trip circuit superv. 2: Breaker Relay
6858 >TripC3 TripRel >Trip circuit superv. 3: Trip Relay
6859 >TripC3 Bkr.Rel >Trip circuit superv. 3: Breaker Relay
6861 TripC OFF Trip circuit supervision OFF
6865 FAIL: Trip cir. Failure Trip Circuit
6866 TripC1 ProgFAIL TripC1 blocked: Binary input is not set
6867 TripC2 ProgFAIL TripC2 blocked: Binary input is not set
6868 TripC3 ProgFAIL TripC3 blocked: Binary input is not set
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6.19 Function Control
The function control is the control centre of the device. It coordinates the execution of
the protection and supplementary functions, processes their decisions and the
information that emanates from the plant. In particular the following
• detection of line energization,
• processing of the circuit breaker position,
• fault detection logic,
• tripping logic.
6.19.1 Detection of Line Energization
During energization of the protected object, several measures may be required or
desirable. Following a manual closure onto a short-circuit, immediate trip of the circuit
breaker is usually required. In the distance protection for example, this is implemented
by activation of the overreaching zone Z1B for a short period following manual closure.
The high-current switch-on-to-fault protection in particular is intended to trip
immediately and instantaneously following energization of a feeder on to a fault (refer
to Sub-section 6.12). In addition at least one stage of each short-circuit protection
function can be selected to trip without time delay following manual closure as
described in the corresponding sections. In this regard refer also to Sub-section 6.1.3
under the margin heading “Circuit Breaker Status”.
The manual close command must be routed to the device via a binary input. In order
to be independent of the duration that the switch is closed, the command is set to a
defined length in the device (adjustable with the address $ 6,7LPH0DQ&O).
Fig. 6-137 shows the logic diagram.
6,7LPH0DQ&O
FNo 356
>Manual Close FNo 561
& T > Manual Close
FNo 2851
AR CLOSE Cmd.
Figure 6-137 Logic diagram of the manual closure handling
If the device has an integrated automatic reclosure, the integrated manual closure
logic of the 7SA522 automatically distinguishes between an external control command
via the binary input and an automatic reclosure by the internal automatic reclosure so
that the binary input "!0DQXDO&ORVH" can be connected directly to the control circuit
of the close coil of the circuit breaker. Each reclosure that is not initiated by the internal
automatic reclosure function is interpreted as a manual reclosure, even it has been
initiated by a control command from the device.
If, however, external close commands which should not activate the manual close
function are possible (e.g. external reclosure device), the binary input "!0DQXDO
&ORVH" must be triggered by a separate contact of the control switch (Figure 6-139).
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L+
control
7SA522
switch
FNo 356
>Manual Close
FNo 2851
AR CLOSE Cmd.
CB Close
&RLO Legend:
CB — circuit breaker
Close — circuit breaker close pulse
L–
Figure 6-138 Manual closure with internal automatic reclosure
If in that latter case it a manual reclosure command can also be given by means of an
internal control command from the device, such a command must be combined with
the Manual Close function, either via the binary inputs and outputs or by means of the
user-defined logic (CFC).
L+
control
7SA522
external switch
automatic reclosure FNo 356
>Manual Close
close
command
Close
CB
&RLO Legend:
CB — circuit breaker
Close — circuit breaker close pulse
L–
Figure 6-139 Manual closure with external automatic reclosure
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6.19.2 Processing of the Circuit Breaker Position
Information regarding the circuit breaker position is required by various protection and
supplementary functions to ensure their optimal functionality. This is for example of
assistance for
− the echo function in conjunction with the distance protection with teleprotection
(refer to Sub-section 6.6.1.7),
− the echo function in conjunction with directional earth fault comparison scheme
(refer to Sub-section 6.8.1.5),
− weak infeed tripping (refer to Sub-section 6.9.1),
− the high-current instantaneous tripping (refer to Sub-section 6.12.1),
− the plausibility check before automatic reclosure (refer to Sub-section 6.13.1)
− the circuit breaker failure protection (refer to Sub-section 6.17.1)
− verification of the drop off condition for the trip command (refer to Sub-section
6.19.4).
− the circuit breaker test by means of the trip-close test cycle (refer also to Sub-
section 6.19.5).
A circuit breaker position logic is incorporated in the device (Figure 6-140). Depending
on the type of auxiliary contact(s) provided by the circuit breaker and the method in
which these are connected to the device, there are several alternatives of
implementing this logic.
In most cases it is sufficient to furnish the status of the circuit breaker with its auxiliary
contacts via a binary input to the device. This always applies if the circuit breaker is
only switched three-pole. Then the NO auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker is
connected to a binary input which must be configured to the input function ">CB 3p
Closed" (FNo. 379). The other inputs are then not used and the logic is restricted in
principle to simply passing of this input information on.
If the circuit breaker poles can be switched individually, and only a parallel connection
of the NO individual pole auxiliary contacts is available, the relevant binary input (BI)
is again allocated to the function “>CB 3p Open” (FNo. 380). The activation of the
binary input must occur during the low state (configured in the matrix).
The remaining inputs are again not used in this case.
If the circuit breaker poles can be switched individually, and the individual auxiliary
contacts are available, an individual binary input should be used for each auxiliary
contact if this is possible and if the device can and should trip single-pole. With this
configuration, the device can process the maximum amount of information. Three
binary inputs are used for this purpose:
− “!&%$X[/” (FNo. ), for the auxiliary contact of pole L1,
− “!&%$X[/” (FNo. ), for the auxiliary contact of pole L2,
− “!&%$X[/” (FNo. ), for the auxiliary contact of pole L3,
The inputs FNo. 379 and FNo. 380 are not used in this case.
If the circuit breaker can be switched individually, two binary inputs are sufficient if both
the parallel as well as series connection of the auxiliary contacts of the three poles are
available. In this case, the parallel connection of the auxiliary contacts is routed to the
input function “>CB 3p Open” (FNo. 380) and the series connection is routed to the
input function “>CB 3p Closed” (FNo. 379).
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Please note that Figure 6-140 shows the complete logic for all connection alternatives.
For each particular application, only a portion of the inputs is used as described above.
The 8 output signals of the circuit breaker position logic can be processed by the
individual protection and supplementary functions. The output signals are blocked if
the signals provided by the circuit breaker are not plausible e.g. the circuit breaker can
not be open and closed simultaneously. Furthermore, the detection of current flow has
priority to the circuit breaker open detection via auxiliary contacts.
For the recloser circuit breaker test function, separate binary inputs are available,
which should be treated the same and configured additionally if necessary. These
have a similar significance as the inputs described above and are marked with "&%
..." to distinguish them, i.e.:
− ">CB1 3p Closed" (FNo. 410) for the series connection of the NO auxiliary
contacts of the CB
− ">CB1 3p Open" (FNo. 411) for the series connection of the NC auxiliary
contacts of the CB
− ">CB1 Pole L1" (FNo. 366) for the auxiliary contact of pole L1
− ">CB1 Pole L2" (FNo. 367) for the auxiliary contact of pole L2
− ">CB1 Pole L3" (FNo. 368) for the auxiliary contact of pole L3
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CB aux. contact:
FNo 380 R 380
L1 L2 L3
>CB 3p Open
(Connection in Series NC Contacts)
R 380 ≥1
& any pole closed.
FNo 351 R 351
L1
>CB Aux. L1
≥1
& L1 closed.
R 351 ≥1
& L1 open
L2 FNo 352 R 352
>CB Aux. L2
≥1
& L2 closed.
R 352 ≥1
& L2 open
L3 FNo 353 R 353
>CB Aux. L3 ≥1
& L3 closed.
R 353 ≥1
& L3 open
FNo 379 R 379
L1 L2 L3
>CB 3p Closed
(Connection in Series NO contacts)
≥1
& any pole open
R 379
L1, L2, L3 Circuit Breaker 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
Aux. Contacts
BI .. Binary input with FNo
R .. Binary input is allocated
3
PoleOpenVoltage Plausibility
Check
/LQH&ORVXUH
Figure 6-140 Circuit breaker position logic
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6.19.3 Overall Fault Detection Logic of the Device
Phase Segregated The fault detection logic combines the fault detection (pick-up) signals of all protection
Fault Detection functions. In the case of those protection functions that allow for phase segregated
pick-up, the pick-up is output in a phase segregated manner. If a protection function
detects an earth fault, this is also output as a common device alarm. The following
alarms are therefore available “5HOD\3,&.83/”, “5HOD\3,&.83/”, “5HOD\
3,&.83/” and “5HOD\3,&.83(”.
The annunciations above can be allocated to LEDs or output relays. For the local
display of fault event messages and for the transmission of event messages to a
personal computer or a centralized control system, several protection functions
provide the possibility to display the faulted phase information in a single message,
e.g. “'LV3LFNXS/(” for the distance protection fault detection in L1–L2–E only
one such messages appears. It represents the complete definition of the fault
detection.
General Fault All fault detection signals are combined with a logic OR function and cause a general
Detection fault detection of the device. It is designated with “5HOD\3,&.83”. If no protection
function is picked-up anymore, the “5HOD\3,&.83” will reset
(message “Going”).
The general fault detection is a prerequisite for a number of internal and external
consequential functions. The following belong to the internal functions which are
controlled by the general fault detection:
• Initiation of a fault event report: from the pick-up to the reset of the general fault
detection the fault messages are stored in the fault event recording.
• Initialisation of the fault recording: the storage of analogue and binary traces can
additionally be made dependant on the appearance of a trip command.
• Generation of spontaneous messages. Certain fault messages may appear in the
display of the device as so called spontaneous messages (see “Spontaneous
Messages” below). This display may additionally be made dependant on the
appearance of a trip command.
• Start action time of automatic reclosure (if available and used)
External functions may be controlled via an output contact. The following are
examples:
• Automatic reclose devices,
• Channel boost in conjunction with signal transmission by PLC,
• Initiation of further supplementary devices etc.
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Spontaneous Spontaneous messages are fault messages which appear in the display automatically
Messages following a general fault detection of the device or trip command. In the 7SA522 these
are:
• “5HOD\3,&.83”: protection function which picked up most recently;
• “387LPH”: the duration of the general fault detection up to the reset of
the device; the time is indicated in ms;
• “75,37LPH”: the duration of the general fault detection up to the occurrence
of the first trip command of the device; the time is indicated
in ms;
• “GLVW ”: the distance to fault in kilometres or miles derived by the
distance to fault location function.
6.19.4 Overall Tripping Logic of the Device
Three-Pole In general, the device trips three-pole in the event of a fault. Depending on the version
Tripping ordered, (13th position of the ordering code = “4”) single-pole tripping is also possible
(see below). If, in general, single-pole tripping is not possible or desired, the output
function “5HOD\75,3SK” is used for the trip command output to the circuit
breaker. In these cases the following sections regarding single-pole tripping are not of
interest.
Single-Pole Single-pole tripping only makes sense on overhead lines, on which automatic
Tripping reclosure shall be carried out and where the circuit breakers at both ends of the line
are capable of single-pole tripping. In such cases, the faulted phase may be tripped
single-pole and subsequently reclosed; in the case of two-phase and three-phase
faults with or without earth, three-pole tripping is usually carried out.
Device prerequisites for phase segregated tripping are:
• that phase segregated tripping is provided by the device (according to the ordering
code);
• that phase segregated tripping is provided by the protection function which trips
(accordingly not e.g. earth fault protection, high-current switch-on-to-fault
protection, overvoltage protection);
• that the binary input “!S7ULS3HUP” is configured and activated or the internal
automatic reclosure function is ready for reclosure after single-pole tripping.
In all other cases tripping is always three-pole. The binary input “!S7ULS3HUP” is
derived from an external automatic reclose device and is equivalent to the logic
inversion of a three-pole coupling signal. This signal is present as long as the external
reclosure is ready for single-pole automatic reclosure.
With the 7SA522, it is also possible to trip three-pole when only one phase is subjected
to the trip conditions, but more than one phase indicates a fault detection. With
distance protection this is the case when two faults at different locations occur
simultaneously but only one of them is within the range of the fast tripping zone (Z1 or
Z1B). This is selected with the setting parameter SROHFRXSOLQJ, which is set to
ZLWK3,&.83 (every multiple-phase fault detection causes three-pole trip) or ZLWK
75,3 (in the event of multiple-phase trip commands the tripping is three-pole).
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The tripping logic combines the trip signals from all protection functions. The trip
commands of those protection functions that allow single-pole tripping are phase
segregated. The corresponding alarms are “5HOD\75,3/”, “5HOD\75,3/”
and “5HOD\75,3/”.
These alarms can be allocated to LEDs or output relays. In the event of three-pole
tripping all three alarms pick up.
For the local display of fault event messages and for the transmission of event
messages to a personal computer or a centralized control system, the device also
provides a summarized image of the trip signals, e.g. “5HOD\7ULSS/”,
“5HOD\7ULSS/”, “5HOD\7ULSS/” for single-pole tripping as well as
“5HOD\7ULSS” for three-pole tripping. Only one of these alarms appears at a time.
These alarms are also intended for the trip command output to the circuit breaker.
Single-Pole Single-pole tripping for two-phase faults is a special feature. If a phase-phase fault
Tripping with without earth occurs in an earthed system, this fault can be cleared by single-pole trip
Two-Phase Faults and automatic reclosure in one of the faulted phases, as the short-circuit path is
interrupted in this manner. The phase selected for tripping must be the same at both
line ends (and should be the same for the entire system).
By means of the setting parameter 7ULSSK)OW it is possible to select whether this
tripping is SROHOHDGLQJ3K, i.e. single-pole tripping of the leading phase or
SROODJJLQJ3K, i.e. single-pole tripping of the lagging phase. The standard
setting is SROH tripping for two-phase faults (presetting).
Table 6-9 shows a summary of the conditions under which single-pole or three-pole
tripping results.
Table 6-9 Single and three pole tripping depending on the type of fault
Fault type Parameter 1156 Trip output signals
from protection 7ULSSK)OW 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\75,3
functions) S/ S/ S/ SK
L1 (irrelevant) X
L2 (irrelevant) X
L3 (irrelevant) X
L1 E (irrelevant) X
L2 E (irrelevant) X
L3 E (irrelevant) X
L1 L2 SROH X
L1 L2 SROHOHDGLQJ3K X
L1 L2 SROHODJJLQJ3K X
L2 L3 SROH X
L2 L3 SROHOHDGLQJ3K X
L2 L3 SROHODJJLQJ3K X
L1 L3 SROH X
L1 L3 SROHOHDGLQJ3K X
L1 L3 SROHODJJLQJ3K X
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Table 6-9 Single and three pole tripping depending on the type of fault
Fault type Parameter 1156 Trip output signals
from protection 7ULSSK)OW 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\7ULS 5HOD\75,3
functions) S/ S/ S/ SK
L1 L2 E (irrelevant) X
L2 L3 E (irrelevant) X
L1 L3 E (irrelevant) X
L1 L2 L3 (irrelevant) X
L1 L2 L3 E (irrelevant) X
E (irrelevant) X
General Trip All trip signals from the protection functions are combined with an OR function and
cause the alarm “5HOD\75,3”. This can be allocated to LED or output relay.
Reset of the Once a trip command is initiated, it is phase segregatedly latched (in the event of
Trip Command three-pole tripping for each of the three poles) (refer to Figure 6-141). At the same time
a minimum trip command duration 70LQ75,3&0' is started. This ensures that the
trip command is output for a sufficiently long time to the circuit breaker even if the
tripping protection function resets very rapidly. Only after the last protection function
has reset (no function is picked up any more) AND the minimum trip command
duration has expired, the trip commands can reset.
A further condition for the reset of the trip command is that the circuit breaker has
opened, in the event of single-pole tripping the relevant circuit-breaker pole. In the
function control of the device this is checked by means of the circuit-breaker position
feedback (Subsection 6.19.2) and the flow of current.
The residual current 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW that is certainly undershot when the circuit
breaker pole is open is set in address $. Address 5HVHW7ULS&0'
determines under which conditions a trip command is reset. If &XUUHQW2SHQ3ROH is
set, the trip command is reset as soon as the current disappears. It is important that
the value set in address $ 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW (see above) is undershot. If
&XUUHQW$1'&% is set, the circuit-breaker auxiliary contact must send a message
that the circuit breaker is open. It is a prerequisite for this setting that the position of
the auxiliary contacts is allocated via a binary input.
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3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW Reset Trip CMD
RQO\,
&%DX[DQG,
FNr
TRIP L1 S Q Relay TRIP L1
,/ 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
from the protection functions
from Figure 6-140
& R
L1 open ZLWK&%DX[DQG
3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
FNr
TRIP L2 S Q Relay TRIP L2
,/ 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
from Figure 6-140
& R
L2 open ZLWK&%DX[DQG
3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
FNr
TRIP L3 S Q Relay TRIP L3
,/ 3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
from Figure 6-140
& R
L3 open ZLWK&%DX[DQG
3ROH2SHQ&XUUHQW
&
70LQ75,3&0'
≥1
T
Figure 6-141 Latching and reset of the trip command
Automatic When tripping the circuit-breaker with a protection function the automatic reclosure
Reclosure must often be blocked until the cause for the protection function operation is found.
Interlocking 7SA522 therefore provides the integrated automatic reclosure interlocking function.
The interlocking state (“/2&.287”) will be realized by a RS flipflop which is protected
against auxiliary voltage failure (see Figure 6-142). The RS flipflop will be set via a
binary input “!/RFNRXW6(7” (FNo 385). With the output alarm “/2&.287” (FNo
530), if interconnected correspondingly, a reclosure of the circuit-breaker
(e.g. for automatic reclosure, manual close signal, synchronization, closing via control)
can be blocked. Only once the cause for the protection operation is known, should the
interlocking be reset by a manual reset via binary input ”!/RFNRXW5(6(7” (FNo
386).
FNo FNo
>LOCKOUT Set S Q LOCKOUT
FNo R
>LOCKOUT Reset
Figure 6-142 Automatic reclosure interlocking
Conditions which cause reclosure interlocking and control commands which have to
be interlocked can be set individually. The two inputs and the output can be wired via
the correspondingly allocated binary inputs and outputs or be linked via user-defined
logic functions (CFC).
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If, for example, each trip by the protection function has to cause a closing
lock-out, then combine the tripping command “5HOD\75,3” (FNo 511) with the
binary input “!/RFNRXW6(7”. If automatic reclosure is applied, only the final trip of
the protection function should establish closing lock-out. Then combine the output
alarm “'HILQLWLYH75,3” (FNo 536) with the interlocking input “!/RFNRXW6(7”,
so that the interlocking function is not established when an automatic reclosure is still
expected to come.
In the most simple case the output alarm “/2&.287” (FNo 530) can be allocated to
the output which trips the circuit-breaker without creating further links. Then the
tripping command is maintained until the interlock is reset via the binary reset input.
Naturally it has to be ensured in advance that the close coil at the circuit breaker - as
is usually done - is blocked in the event of maintained tripping command.
The output alarm ”/2&.287” can also be applied to interlock certain closing
commands (externally or via CFC), e.g. by combining the output alarm with the binary
input “!&ORVH&PG%ON” (FNo 357) or by connecting the inverted alarm with the
bay interlocking of the branch.
The reset input “!/RFNRXW5(6(7” (FNo 386) resets the interlocking state. This input
is initiated by an external device which is protected against unauthorized or
unintentional operation. The interlocking state can also be controlled by internal
sources, e.g.
a function key, operation of the device or using DIGSI® 4 on a PC.
For each case please make sure the corresponding logical combinations, security
measures, etc. are taken into account for the routing of the binary inputs and outputs
(Section 5.2) and are also considered for the setting of user-defined logic functions
(Section 5.3), if necessary.
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Breaker Tripping While on feeder without automatic reclosure every trip command by a protection
Alarm Suppression function is final, it is desirable, when using automatic reclosure, to prevent the
operation detector of the circuit-breaker (intermediate contact on the breaker) from
sending an alarm if the trip of the breaker is not final (Figure 6-143).
For this purpose, the signal from the circuit-breaker is routed via a correspondingly
allocated output contact of the 7SA522 (output alarm ”CB Alarm Supp”, FNo 563). In
the idle state and when the device is turned off, this contact is interrupted. Therefore
an output contact with a normally open contact (NO contact) has to be allocated. In
the 7SA522 this is provided by the binary output(s) BA13 (and BA16 and BA24
depending on the version), as described in Subsection 8.1.3.
Prior to the command, with the internal automatic reclosure in the ready state, the
contact in open so that no signal from the circuit-breaker is forwarded. This is only the
case if the device is equipped with internal automatic reclosure and if the latter was
taken into consideration when configuring the protection functions
(Section 5.1, address ).
Also when closing the breaker via the binary input “!0DQXDO&ORVH” (FNo 356) or
via the integrated automatic reclosure the contact is interrupted so that no breaker
alarm can be sent.
Further optional closing commands which are not sent via the device cannot be taken
into consideration. Closing commands for control can be linked to the alarm
suppression via the user-defined logic functions (CFC).
(Signalling Circuit
L+ Voltage) 7SA522
Close Trip Operation FNo 563
CB Detector &%$ODUP6XSS
Alarm:
„Breaker tripping“
Figure 6-143 Breaker Tripping Alarm Suppression
If the device issues a final trip command, the contact remains closed. This is the case,
during the reclaim time of the automatic reclosure cycle, when the automatic
reclosure is blocked or switched off or, due to other reasons is not ready for automatic
reclosure (e.g. tripping only occured after the action time expired).
Figure 6-144 shows time diagrams for manual trip and close as well as for short-circuit
tripping with a single, failed automatic reclosure cycle.
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Manual
Trip
(as required)
Manual Closing via
Binary Input
„>Manual Close“ Short-circuit
Pick-up
Trip of Pro-
tection
Function
Automat.
reclosure AR dead time
(AR)
CB Pole
CB Opera-
tion De-
tector
„&%$ODUP6XSS“
Alarm:
„Breaker Trip-
ping“
Manual opening Final trip of protection function
Figure 6-144 Breaker Tripping Alarm Suppression — Sequence Examples
Trip Dependent The latching of fault messages, allocated to the device LEDs and the storage of
Messages spontaneous messages may be made dependant on whether the device has issued a
trip command. This information is then not output if during a system disturbance one
or more protection functions have picked up, but no tripping by the 7SA522 resulted
because the fault was cleared by a different device (e.g. on another line). In this
manner, these messages are restricted to faults occuring on the protected feeder.
Figure 6-145 shows the logic diagram of this function.
)OW'LVS/('/&'
ZLWK3,&.83
„1“ ZLWK75,3
Relay TRIP &
Reset LED and Spontaneous alarms
Relay Drop Out
Figure 6-145 Logic diagram of the trip dependent messages
Switching The number of trips initiated by the device 7SA522 are counted. If the device is
Statistics capable of single-pole tripping, a separate counter for each circuit breaker pole is
provided.
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Following each trip command the device registers the value of each current phase that
was switched off in each pole. This information is then provided in the trip log and
summated in a register. The maximum current that was switched off is also stored.
If the device is equipped with the integrated automatic reclosure, the automatic close
commands are also counted, separately for reclosure after single-pole tripping, after
three-pole tripping as well as separately for the first reclosure cycle and other
reclosure cycles.
The counter and register contents are protected against loss of auxiliary voltage. They
may be set to zero or any other initial value. Further information can be obtained in
Sub-section 7.1.2.
6.19.5 Circuit Breaker Trip Test
The Distance Protection 7SA522 allows for convenient testing of the trip circuits and
the circuit breaker.
The test programs as shown in Table 6-10 are available. The single-pole tests are
naturally only available if the device at hand allows for single-pole tripping. The listed
output alarms must be allocated to the corresponding command relays, used for the
operation of the circuit breaker trip and close coils, during marshalling as stated in
Sub-section 5.2.3.
The test is initiated via the keypad and display on the front of the device or from a PC
with DIGSI® 4. The procedure is described in detail in Section 7.3.
Figure 6-146 shows the sequence of a trip/close test cycle. The timer setting values
are according to Sub-section 6.1.1 for “Trip/Close Command Duration” and “Circuit
Breaker Test”.
If the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker or the individual circuit breaker poles
indicate the position of the circuit breaker via the binary inputs, the test cycle can only
be started when the circuit breaker is closed.
The information regarding the position of the circuit breakers is not automatically
derived from the position logic according to Sub-section 6.19.2 (Figure 6-140). For the
circuit breaker test function (auto recloser) there are separate binary inputs for the
switching status feedback of the circuit breaker position. These must be taken into
consideration when allocating the binary inputs as mentioned in Section 6.19.2 (Page
6-229).
The alarms of the device show the respective state of the test sequence.
Table 6-10 Circuit breaker test programs
Seq. Test cycles CB Output alarm
No.
1 1 pole TRIP/CLOSE cycle pole L1 &%7(67WULS/
2 1pole TRIP/CLOSE cycle pole L2 &%7(67WULS/
3 1pole TRIP/CLOSE cycle pole CB 1 &%7(67WULS/
4 3pole TRIP/CLOSE cycle &%7(67WULS
applicable close command &%7(67FORVH
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OFF
ON
70LQ75,3&PG 7&%WHVWGHDG 70D[&/26(&0' t
Figure 6-146 Trip/Close test cycle
6.19.6 Setting Parameters
The configuration concerning the tripping logic of the device as a whole and circuit-
breaker test functio was already set in accordance with the general data in Subsection
6.1.3 and 6.1.1.
Furthermore, the setting in address )OW'LVS/('/&', determines whether the
fault messages which are allocated to the local LEDs as well as the spontaneous
messages that are displayed via the LCD on the front of the device following a fault,
are stored following each fault detection of a protection function (with PICKUP), or if
storage only takes place if a trip command is issued (with TRIP = “No trip no flag”-
feature).
6.19.7 Settings
Fault Display
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
610 FltDisp.LED/LCD Display Targets on every Display Targets on Fault Display on LED / LCD
Pickup every Pickup
Display Targets on TRIP only
615 Spont. FltDisp. NO NO Spontaneous display of
YES flt.annunciations
6.19.8 Information Overview
Circuit-Breaker
Test
F.No. Alarm Comments
7325 CB1-TESTtrip L1 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L1
7326 CB1-TESTtrip L2 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L2
7327 CB1-TESTtrip L3 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L3
7328 CB1-TESTtrip123 CB1-TEST TRIP command L123
7329 CB1-TEST close CB1-TEST CLOSE command
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F.No. Alarm Comments
7345 CB-TEST running CB-TEST is in progress
7346 CB-TSTstop FLT. CB-TEST canceled due to Power Sys. Fault
7347 CB-TSTstop OPEN CB-TEST canceled due to CB already OPEN
7348 CB-TSTstop NOTr CB-TEST canceled due to CB was NOT READY
7349 CB-TSTstop CLOS CB-TEST canceled due to CB stayed CLOSED
7350 CB-TST .OK. CB-TEST was succesful
CB1tst L1 CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L1
CB1tst L2 CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L2
CB1tst L3 CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L3
CB1tst 123 CB1-TEST trip/close Phases L123
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6.20 Supplementary Functions
The auxiliary functions of the 7SA522 relay include:
• Processing of messages,
• Processing of operational measured values,
• Storage of fault record data.
6.20.1 Processing of Messages
For the detailed fault analysis, the information regarding the reaction of the protection
device and the measured values following a system fault are of interest. For this
purpose, the device provides information processing which operates in a threefold
manner:
Indicators (LEDs) Important events and states are indicated with optical indicators (LED) on the front
and Binary Outputs plate. The device furthermore has output relays for remote indication. Most of the
(Output Relays) signals and indications can be marshalled, i.e. routing can be changed from the
presetting with delivery. In Chapter 5 and Appendix A the state of the delivered relay
(presetting) and marshalling facilities are extensively discussed.
The output relays and the LEDs may be operated in a latched or unlatched mode
(each may be individually set).
The latched state is saved against loss of auxiliary supply. It is reset:
− locally by operation of the key LED reset on the front of the device,
− from remote via a binary input,
− via one of the serial interfaces,
− automatically on detection of a new fault.
Condition messages should not be latched. Also, they cannot be reset until the
criterion to be reported has reset. This applies to e.g. messages from monitoring
functions, or similar.
A green LED indicates that the device is in service (“RUN”); it can not be reset. It
extinguishes if the self-monitoring of the microprocessor recognizes a fault or if the
auxiliary supply fails.
In the event that the auxiliary supply is available while there is an internal device
failure, the red LED (“ERROR”) is illuminated and the device is blocked.
DIGSI® 4 allows you to control the output relays and LEDs of the device selectively,
and thus to check the correct connections to the plant, e.g. during the commissioning
phase. For instance, you can cause each of the output relays to pick up individually
and thus check the wiring between the 7SA522 and the plant without having to
generated the annunciations allocated to them.
Information on the Events and states can be obtained from the LCD on the front plate of the device. A
Integrated Display personal computer can be connected to the front interface or the service interface for
(LCD) or to a retrieval of the information.
Personal Computer
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In the quiescent state, i.e. as long as no system fault is present, the LCD can display
selectable operational information (overview of the operational measured values). In
the event of a system fault, information regarding the fault, the so-called spontaneous
messages, are displayed instead. The quiescent state information is displayed again
once the fault messages have been acknowledged. The acknowledgement is identical
to the resetting of the LEDs (see above).
The device in addition has several event buffers for operational messages, switching
statistics, etc., which are saved against loss of auxiliary supply by means of a battery
buffer. These messages can be displayed on the LCD at any time by selection via the
keypad or transferred to a personal computer via the serial service or PC interface.
The retrieval of events/alarms during operation is extensively described in Subsection
7.1.1.
Following a system fault, it is possible to for example retrieve important information
regarding its progress, such as pick-up and trip. The start of the fault is time stamped
with the absolute time of the internal system clock. The progress of the disturbance is
output with a relative time referred to the instant of fault detection, so that the duration
of the fault until tripping and up to reset of the trip command can be ascertained. The
resolution of the time information is 1 ms.
With a PC and the protection data processing program DIGSI® 4 it is also possible to
retrieve and display the events with the convenience of visualisation on a monitor and
a menu-guided dialogue. The data may be printed or stored for evaluation at a later
time and place.
The protection device stores the messages of the last eight system faults; in the event
of a ninth fault, the oldest is erased.
A system fault starts with the recognition of the fault by the fault detection of any
protection function and ends with the reset of the fault detection of the last protection
function or after the expiry of the auto-reclose reclaim time, so that several
unsuccessful auto-reclose cycles are also stored cohesively. Accordingly a system
fault may contain several individual fault events (from fault detection up to reset of fault
detection).
Information to a If the device has a serial system interface, stored information may additionally be
Control Centre transferred via this interface to a centralised control and storage device. Several
communication protocols are available for the transfer of this information.
DIGSI® 4 allows you to check whether annunciations are correctly transmitted.
You can also influence, during operation or for test purposes, the information
transmitted to the control center. The IEC 60870–5–103 protocol allows to mark all
annunciations and measurements transmitted to the control center during a local
check of the device with “Test mode” as the cause of transmission, to make it clear
that they are no information on real disturbances. Alternatively, you can specify that
during tests no annunciations at all are transmitted via the system interface (data
transmission inhibit).
To influence the information transmitted via the system interface during test operation
(“test mode” or “data transmission inhibit”), you need a CFC logic, which is provided
in the device on delivery (see Appendix).
Section 7.2 of the System Manual discusses in detail how to activate and deactivate
the test mode and the data transmission inhibit.
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6.20.2 Operational Measurement
Display of A range of measured values and values derived from these are available continuously
Measured Values for local display or data transfer (refer to Table 6-11).
A precondition for the correct display of primary and percentage values is the
complete and correct entry of the instrument transformer and plant rated values, as
well as the transformation ratios of the current and voltage transformers in the earth
connections according to Sub-section 6.1.1.
Depending on the ordering code and the manner of connection to the device, only a
portion of the listed operational measured values in Table 6-11 may be available. Of
the current values IEE, IY und IP only the one which is connected to the current
measuring input I4 can apply. Phase-to-earth voltages can only be measured if the
phase-to-earth voltage inputs are connected. The displacement voltage 3U0 is the e–
n voltage Uen, usually multiplied by √3 (setting address 211, 8SK8GHOWD) — if Uen
is connected — or derived from the phase–earth voltages 3U0 = UL1 + UL2 + UL3. The
three phase–earth voltage inputs must be connected for this.
If the device features a synchronism and voltage check function, the characteristic
values (voltages, frequencies, differences) can be read out.
The computation of the operational measured values is also executed during an
existent system fault in intervals of approx. 0,5 s.
Table 6-11 Operational measured values
Measured values primary secondary % referred to
IL1, IL2, IL3 phase currents A A rated operational current 1)
3I0 earth currents A A rated operational current 1)
I1, I2 pos. and neg. seq. currents A A rated operational current 1)
3I0sen sensitive earth current A mA rated operational current 1) 3)
IY, IP transformer star point current or A A rated operational current 1) 3)
earth current in the parallel line
UL1–L2, UL2–L3, UL3–L1 line voltages kV V rated operational voltage 2)
UL1–E, UL2–E, UL3–E phase-earth voltages kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
3U0 displacement voltage kV V rated operational voltage ·√3 2)4)
UX voltage at the measuring input U4 kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
U1, U2 pos. and neg. seq. voltages kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
R, X operational resistance, reactance Ω Ω —
S, P, Q apparent, real, and reactive power MVA, MW, — √3·UN ·IN
MVAR rated operational values1) 2)
cos ϕ power factor (abs) (abs) —
f frequency Hz Hz rated frequency
1) 2)
acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3) acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3)
3)
with consideration of the factor ,,SK&7 (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
4) with consideration of the factor 8SK8GHOWD (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
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Table 6-11 Operational measured values
Measured values primary secondary % referred to
ULtg, USS, Udiff Leitungs-, Sammelschienenspan- kV — —
nung und Betragsdifferenz (für
Synchonkontrolle)
fLtg, fSS, fdiff Leitungs-, Sammelschienenfre- Hz — —
quenz und Betragsdifferenz (für
Synchonkontrolle)
ϕdiff Betrag der Phasenwinkeldifferenz ° — —
zwischen Leitung und Sammel-
schiene (für Synchonkontrolle)
1 2
) acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3) ) acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3)
3) with consideration of the factor ,,SK&7 (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
4) with consideration of the factor 8SK8GHOWD (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
Remote Measured During communication, the data of the other ends of the protected object can also be
Values read out. For each of the devices, the currents and voltages involved as well as phase
shifts between the local and transfer measured quantities can be displayed. This is
especially helpful for checking the correct and coherent phase allocation at the
differrent line ends. Furthermore, the device addresses of the other devices is
transmitted so that all important data of all ends are available in the substation. All
possible data are listed in Table 6-12.
Tabelle 6-12 Operational measured values transmitted from the other ends and compared
with the local values
Data % referring to
Device ADR Device address of the remote device (absolute)
IL1,IL2,IL3 Phase currents of the remote device Rated oper. current 1)
IL1, IL2, IL3 local Phase currents of the local device Rated oper. current 1)
ϕ(IL1), ϕ(IL2), ϕ(IL3) Phase angles between the remote °
and the local phase currents
UL1,UL2, UL3 Voltages of the remote device Rated operat. voltage /√3 2)
UL1, UL2, UL3 local Voltages of the local device Rated operat. voltage /√3 2)
ϕ(UL1), ϕ(UL2), Phase angles between the remote °
ϕ(UL3) and the local voltages
1) for lines according to address (see Section 6.1.3)
2
) according to address 1103 (see Section 6.1.3)
Transmission In 7SA522 the protection communication is registered in statistics. The delay times of
Statistics the information between the devices via interfaces (run and return) are measured
steadily. The values are kept stored in the Statistic folder. The availability of the
transmission media is also specified. The availability is indicated in %/min and %/h.
This allows the user to assess the transmission quality.
The operational measured values are also calculated in the event of a running fault
and approximately every 0.5 s.
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Min/Max Values Minimum, maximum and long-term average values are calculated by the 7SA522.
and Average Time and date of the last update of the values can also be read out. At any time the
Values min/max values can be reset via binary inputs, via DIGSI® 4 or via the integrated
control panel. Additionally, the reset can be carried out cyclically, beginning with a
preset point of time.
The time period of the average value window and the number of updates can be set
for the long-term average values. The corresponding min/max values can be reset via
binary inputs, via DIGSI® 4 or via the integrated control panel.
For an overview of the minimum, maximum and average values as well as their
meaning please refer to Subsection 6.20.6, “Average Calculation” and “Min/Max
Values”
Limit Value / Use to detect about operating conditions. If a preset limit value / set point is exceeded,
Set Point an alarm is generated. This alarm can also be allocated to output relays and LEDs. In
Monitoring contrast to the actual protection functions the monitoring function operates in the
background; therefore it may not pick up if measured values are changed
spontaneously in the event of a fault and if protection functions are picked up. Since
an alarm is only output in case the limit value / set point is exceeded more than once,
the monitoring process cannot pick up directly before a trip.
Set points can be set for the following measured and metered values:
• IL1dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L1.
• IL2dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L2.
• IL3dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L3.
• I1dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the positive sequence
system currents.
• |Pdmd|>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the active power
magnitude.
• |Qdmd|>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the reactive power
magnitude.
• Sdmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the apparent power.
• |cosϕ|<: untershooting a preset magnitude of the power factor.
Metering of Energy The 7SA522 integrates the calculated power which is then made available with the
“Measured Values”. The components are listed in table 6-10. The signs (positive =
export, negative = import) are defined the same as for the powers.
Please take into consideration that 7SA522 is, above all, a protection device. The
accuracy of the measured values depends on the current transformer (normally
protection core) and the tolerances of the device. The metering is therefore not suited
for tarif purposes. The counters can be reset to zero or any initial value (see
Subsubsection 7.1.3.3).
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Table 6-13 Operational Metering Impulse Counters
Measured Values primary
Wp+ active power, export kWh, MWh, GWh
Wp– active power, import kWh, MWh, GWh
Wq+ reactive power, export kVARh, MVARh, GVARh
Wq– reactive power, import kVARh, MVARh, GVARh
6.20.3 Data Storage for Fault Recording
The Distance Protection 7SA522 has a fault recording memory. The instantaneous
values of the measured signals
iL1, iL2, iL3, iE or iEE and uL1, uL2, uL3, uen
(voltages according to type of connection) are sampled at an interval of 1 ms (at
50 Hz) respectively 0.83 ms (at 60 Hz), and stored in a circular shift register (20
samples per cycle). In the event of a fault the data is memorized for a selectable period
of time, up to 10 s per fault. Up to 8 fault recordings can be memorized within a total
range of approx. 15 s. The recording memory is automatically updated in the event of
a new system fault, thereby not requiring an acknowledgment. In addition to storage
of the fault recording by the protection fault detection this may also be initiated via
binary input, the integrated keypad and display, or via the serial PC or service
interface.
The data can be retrieved via the serial interfaces by means of a personal computer
and evaluated with the protection data processing program DIGSI® 4 and the graphic
analysis software SIGRA 4. The latter graphically represents the data recorded during
the system fault and calculates additional information such as the impedance or RMS
values from the measured values. A selection may be made as to whether the currents
and voltages are represented as primary or secondary values. Binary signal traces
(marks) of particular events e.g. “fault detection”, “tripping” are also represented.
If the device has a serial system interface, the fault recording data can be passed on
to a central device via this interface. The evaluation of the data is done by applicable
programs in the central device. Currents and voltages are referred to their maximum
values, scaled to their rated values and prepared for graphic representation. In
addition, internal events are recorded as binary traces (marks), e.g. “fault detection”,
“tripping”.
In the event of transfer to a central device, the request for data transfer can be
executed automatically and can be selected to take place after each fault detection by
the protection, or only after a trip.
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6.20.4 Applying the Function Parameter Settings
Minimum, In addresses to you can determine the time intervals for the calculation
Maximum and of minimum, maximum and average values.
Average Values
The tracking of minimum and maximum values can be reset automatically at a pre-
definied point in time. To select this feature, address 0LQ0D[F\F5(6(7 is set
to <HV. The point in time when reset is to take place (the minute of the day in which
reset will take place) is set in address 0L0D5(6(77,0(. The reset cycle (in
days) is entered at address 0L0D5(6(7&<&/(, and the date for starting the
cyclical process in days after completion of the configuration procedure is entered in
address 0LQ0D[5(667$57.
The time interval for measured value averaging is set at address '0'
,QWHUYDO. The first number specifies the averaging time window in minutes while the
second number determines the number of updates within the time window. A setting
of 0LQ6XEV, for example, means that time averaging occurs for all
measured values that arrive within 15 minutes, and that output is updated three times
during the 15 minute window, or every 15/3 = 5 minutes.
Determine in address '0'6\QF7LPH whether the selected time period for the
averaging is to begin on the hour (2Q7KH+RXU) or if it is to be synchronized with a
different point in time ($IWHU+RXU,$IWHU+RXU or $IWHU+RXU).
If the settings for averaging are changed, then the measured values stored in the
buffer are deleted, and new results for the average calculation are only available after
the set time period has passed.
Set Points The settings are entered under 0HDVXUHPHQW 0HDVXUHPHQW in the sub-menu
6(732,176 09 by overwriting the existing values.
Data Storage for The configuration of the fault recording memory is done in the sub-menu
Fault Recording 2VFLOORJUDSKLF)DXOW5HFRUGLQJVof the menu 6HWWLQJV. A distinction is
made between the reference instant and the saving criterion of the fault recording
(address :$9()250&$3785(). Normally the reference instant is the occurrence
of device fault detection, i.e. the pickup of any protection function is allocated with the
time stamp 0. The pickup can also be the saving criterion (6DYHZ3LFNXS) or the
device trip command (6DYHZ75,3) can be the saving criterion. The device trip
command can also be used as reference instant (6WDUWZ75,3); in this case it is
also the saving criterion.
A fault event starts with the fault detection of any protection function and ends with the
reset of the last fault detection. Usually this is also the extent of a fault recording
(address $ 6&23(2) :$9()250'$7$ = )DXOWHYHQW). If automatic reclosure
is implemented, the entire system disturbance — possibly with several reclose
attempts — up to the ultimate fault clearance can be stored (address $ 6&23(2)
:$9()250'$7$ = 3RZHU6\VWHPIDXOW). This facilitates the representation of the
entire system fault history, but also consumes storage capacity during the auto-
reclosure dead time(s).
The actual storage time encompasses the pre-trigger time 35(75,*7,0(
(address ) ahead of the reference instant, the normal recording time and the post-
fault time 32675(&7,0( (address ) after the storage criterion has reset. The
maximum permissible storage period per fault recording 0$;/(1*7+ is set in
address . A maximum recording time of 5 s is available per fault recording. In total
up to 8 fault records with a total recording time of max. 15 s can be stored.
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The fault recording can also be triggered via a binary input, via the keypad on the front
of the device or with a PC via the operation or service interface. The storage is then
dynamically triggered. The length of the fault recording is set in address %LQ,Q
&$377,0( (maximum length however is 0$;/(1*7+, address . The pre-
and post-fault times are additive. If the time for the binary input is set to ∞, the duration
of the storage is as long as the binary input is initiated (static), the maximum length
however still is 0$;/(1*7+ (address ).
6.20.5 Settings
Addresses which have an „A“ attached to its end can only be changed with DIGSI® 4
in “Additional Settings“.
Average
Calculation
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2801 DMD Interval 15 Min per., 1 Sub 60 Min per., 1 Sub. Demand Calculation Intervals
15 Min per., 3 Subs
15 Min per., 15 Subs
30 Min per., 1 Sub.
60 Min per., 1 Sub.
2802 DMD Sync.Time On the Hour On the Hour Demand Synchronization Time
15 Min. after Hour
30 Min. after Hour
45 Min. after Hour
Min/Max Values
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2811 MinMax cycRESET NO YES Automatic Cyclic Reset Function
YES
2812 MiMa RESET TIME 0..1439 min 0 min MinMax Reset Timer
2813 MiMa RESET- 1..365 day(s) 7 day(s) MinMax Reset Cycle Period
CYCLE
2814 MinMax- 1..365 Days 1 Days MinMax Start Reset Cycle in
RES.START
Waveform Capture
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
402A WAVEFORMTRIG- Save with Pickup Save with Pickup Waveform Capture
GER Save with TRIP
Start with TRIP
403A WAVEFORM DATA Fault event Fault event Scope of Waveform Data
Power System fault
410 MAX. LENGTH 0.30..5.00 sec 2.00 sec Max. length of a Waveform Cap-
ture Record
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Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
411 PRE. TRIG. TIME 0.05..0.50 sec 0.25 sec Captured Waveform Prior to
Trigger
412 POST REC. TIME 0.05..0.50 sec 0.10 sec Captured Waveform after Event
415 BinIn CAPT.TIME 0.10..5.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Capture Time via Binary Input
6.20.6 Information Overview
Average
Calculation
F.No. Alarm Comments
963 IL1dmd= I L1 demand
964 IL2dmd= I L2 demand
965 IL3dmd= I L3 demand
833 I1dmd = I1 (positive sequence) Demand
834 Pdmd = Active Power Demand
1052 Pdmd Forw= Active Power Demand Forward
1053 Pdmd Rev = Active Power Demand Reverse
835 Qdmd = Reactive Power Demand
1054 Qdmd Forw= Reactive Power Demand Forward
1055 Qdmd Rev = Reactive Power Demand Reverse
836 Sdmd = Apparent Power Demand
Min/Max Values
F.No. Alarm Comments
395 >I MinMax Reset >I MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
396 >I1 MiMaReset >I1 MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
397 >U MiMaReset >U MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
398 >UphphMiMaRes >Uphph MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
399 >U1 MiMa Reset >U1 MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
400 >P MiMa Reset >P MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
401 >S MiMa Reset >S MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
402 >Q MiMa Reset >Q MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
403 >Idmd MiMaReset >Idmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
404 >Pdmd MiMaReset >Pdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
405 >Qdmd MiMaReset >Qdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
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F.No. Alarm Comments
406 >Sdmd MiMaReset >Sdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
407 >Frq MiMa Reset >Frq. MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
408 >PF MiMaReset >Power Factor MIN/MAX Buffer Reset
837 IL1d Min I L1 Demand Minimum
838 IL1d Max I L1 Demand Maximum
839 IL2d Min I L2 Demand Minimum
840 IL2d Max I L2 Demand Maximum
841 IL3d Min I L3 Demand Minimum
842 IL3d Max I L3 Demand Maximum
843 I1dmdMin I1 (positive sequence) Demand Minimum
844 I1dmdMax I1 (positive sequence) Demand Maximum
845 PdMin= Active Power Demand Minimum
846 PdMax= Active Power Demand Maximum
847 QdMin= Reactive Power Demand Minimum
848 QdMax= Reactive Power Demand Maximum
849 SdMin= Apparent Power Demand Minimum
850 SdMax= Apparent Power Demand Maximum
851 IL1Min= I L1 Minimum
852 IL1Max= I L1 Maximum
853 IL2Min= I L2 Mimimum
854 IL2Max= I L2 Maximum
855 IL3Min= I L3 Minimum
856 IL3Max= I L3 Maximum
857 I1 Min= Positive Sequence Minimum
858 I1 Max= Positive Sequence Maximum
859 UL1EMin= U L1E Minimum
860 UL1EMax= U L1E Maximum
861 UL2EMin= U L2E Minimum
862 UL2EMax= U L2E Maximum
863 UL3EMin= U L3E Minimum
864 UL3EMax= U L3E Maximum
865 UL12Min= U L12 Minimum
867 UL12Max= U L12 Maximum
868 UL23Min= U L23 Minimum
869 UL23Max= U L23 Maximum
870 UL31Min= U L31 Minimum
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F.No. Alarm Comments
871 UL31Min= U L31 Maximum
10102 3U0min = Min. Zero Sequence Voltage 3U0
10103 3U0max = Max. Zero Sequence Voltage 3U0
874 U1 Min = U1 (positive sequence) Voltage Minimum
875 U1 Max = U1 (positive sequence) Voltage Maximum
1040 Pmin Forw= Active Power Minimum Forward
1041 Pmax Forw= Active Power Maximum Forward
1042 Pmin Rev = Active Power Minimum Reverse
1043 Pmax Rev = Active Power Maximum Reverse
1044 Qmin Forw= Reactive Power Minimum Forward
1045 Qmax Forw= Reactive Power Maximum Forward
1046 Qmin Rev = Reactive Power Minimum Reverse
1047 Qmax Rev = Reactive Power Maximum Reverse
880 SMin= Apparent Power Minimum
881 SMax= Apparent Power Maximum
882 fMin= Frequency Minimum
883 fMax= Frequency Maximum
1048 PFminForw= Power Factor Minimum Forward
1049 PFmaxForw= Power Factor Maximum Forward
1050 PFmin Rev= Power Factor Minimum Reverse
1051 PFmax Rev= Power Factor Maximum Reverse
Set Points
F.No. Alarm Comments
IL1dmd> Upper setting limit for IL1dmd
IL2dmd> Upper setting limit for IL2dmd
IL3dmd> Upper setting limit for IL3dmd
I1dmd> Upper setting limit for I1dmd
|Pdmd|> Upper setting limit for Pdmd
|Qdmd|> Upper setting limit for Qdmd
Sdmd> Upper setting limit for Sdmd
273 SP. IL1 dmd> Set Point Phase L1 dmd>
274 SP. IL2 dmd> Set Point Phase L2 dmd>
275 SP. IL3 dmd> Set Point Phase L3 dmd>
276 SP. I1dmd> Set Point positive sequence I1dmd>
277 SP. |Pdmd|> Set Point |Pdmd|>
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F.No. Alarm Comments
278 SP. |Qdmd|> Set Point |Qdmd|>
279 SP. |Sdmd|> Set Point |Sdmd|>
PF< Lower setting limit for Power Factor
285 cosϕ alarm Power factor alarm
Waveform Capture
F.No. Alarm Comments
4 >Trig.Wave.Cap. >Trigger Waveform Capture
203 Wave. deleted Waveform data deleted
FltRecSta Fault Recording Start
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6.21 Processing of Commands
General In addition to the protective functions described so far, a control command process is
integrated in the SIPROTEC® 7SA522 to coordinate the operation of circuit breakers
and other equipment in the power system. Control commands can originate from four
command sources:
− Local operation using the keypad on the local user interface of the device
− Local or remote operation using DIGSI® 4
− Remote operation via system interface IEC (e.g. SICAM)
− Automatic functions (e.g. using a binary input)
The number of switchgear devices that can be controlled is basically limited by the
number of available and required binary inputs and outputs. For the output of control
commands it has be ensured that all the required binary inputs and outputs are
configured and provided with the correct properties (see also Subsection 5.2.3 under
“Binary outputs for switchgear”).
If specific interlocking conditions are needed for the execution of commands, the user
can program the device with bay interlocking by means of the user-defined logic
functions (CFC) (see Section 5.3).
Section 7.4 (Control of Switchgear) describes how to proceed for the switching of
switchgear devices.
6.21.1 Types of commands
Two types of commands can be issued with this device:
− Control commands
− Internal / pseudo commands
Control Commands These commands operate binary outputs and change the power system status:
− Commands for the operation of circuit breakers (asynchronous; the synchro-check
can be implemented via CFC by applying the synchronism check and closing
control function) as well as commands for the control of isolators and earth
switches,
− Step commands, e.g. for raising and lowering transformer taps
− Tap change commands with configurable time settings (Petersen coils)
Internal / Pseudo These commands do not directly operate binary outputs. They serve to initiate internal
Commands functions, simulate or acknowledge changes of state.
− Manual entry execution to change the feedback indication of plant such as the
status and switching condition, for example in the case of the physical connection
to the auxiliary contacts is not available. A manual entry execution is captured and
can be diplayed accordingly.
− Additionally, tagging commands can be issued to establish internal settings, such
as switching authority (remote / local), parameter set changeover, data
transmission inhibit and metering counter reset or initialization.
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− Acknowledgment and resetting commands for setting and resetting internal buffers.
− Status information commands for setting / deactivating the “information status” for
the information value of an object:
− Controlling activation of binary input status
− Blocking binary outputs
6.21.2 Steps in the Command Sequence
Safety mechanisms in the command sequence ensure that a command can only be
released after a thorough check of preset criteria has been successfully concluded.
Additionally, user-defined interlocking conditions can be configured separately for
each device. The actual execution of the command is also monitored afterwards. The
entire sequence of a command is described briefly in the following:
Check Sequence • Command entry (e.g. using the keypad on the local user interface of the device)
− Check password → access rights
− Check switching mode (interlocking activated/deactivated) → selection of
deactivated interlocking status
• User configurable interlocking checks that can be selected for each command
− Switching authority (local, remote)
− Switching direction control (target state = present state)
− Zone controlled/bay interlocking (logic using CFC)
− System interlocking (centrally via SICAM)
− Double operation (interlocking against parallel switching operation)
− Protection blocking (blocking of switching operations by protective functions)
• Fixed commands
− Timeout monitoring (time between command initiation and the beginning of the
execution can be controlled).
− Configuration in process (if setting modification is in process, commands are
rejected or delayed)
− Equipment not present at output (if controlable equipment is not assigned to a
binary output, then the command is denied)
− Output block (if an output block has been programmed for the circuit breaker, and
is active at the moment the command is processed, then the command is denied)
− Component hardware malfunction
− Command in progress (only one command can be processed at a time for each
circuit breaker or switch)
− 1- out of -n-check (for schemes with multiple assignments, such as common
ground, it is checked whether a command has already been initiated for the
affected output relay).
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Monitoring the − Interruption of a command because of a cancel command
Command
− Running time monitor (feedback message monitoring time)
Execution
6.21.3 Interlocking
Interlocking is executed by the user-defined logic (CFC). The interlocking checks of a
SICAM/SIPROTEC®-system are classified into:
• System interlocking checked by a central control system (for a busbar)
• Zone controlled/bay interlocking checked in the bay device (for the feeder)
System interlocking relies on the system data base in the central control system. Zone
controlled/bay interlocking relies on the status of the circuit breaker and other switches
that are connected to the relay.
The extent of the interlocking checks is determined by the configuration and
interlocking logic of the relay.
Switchgear which is subject to system interlocking in the central control system is
marked with a parameter (in the routing matrix)
For all commands the user can select the operation mode with interlocking (normal
mode) or without interlocking (test mode):
− for local commands by reprogramming the settings with password check,
− for automatic commands via command processing with CFC, by deactivated
interlocking status,
− for local / remote commands, using an additional interlocking disable command, via
Profibus.
6.21.3.1 Interlocked/Non-Interlocked Switching
The command checks that can be selected for the SIPROTEC®-relays are also
referred to as “standard interlocking”. These checks can be activated (interlocked) or
deactivated (non interlocked) via DIGSI ® 4.
Deactivated interlock switching means the configured interlocking conditions are not
checked in the relay.
Interlocked switching means that all configured interlocking conditions are checked in
the command check. If a condition could not be fulfilled, the command will be rejected
by a message with a minus added to it (e.g. “CO-”), immediately followed by an
operation response information. Table 6-14 shows some types of commands and
messages. For the device the messages designated with *) are displayed in the event
logs, for DIGSI® 4 they appear in spontaneous messages.
Table 6-14 types of command and messages
Type of command Abbrev. Message
Control issued CO CO+/–
Manual tagging (positive / negative) MT MT+/–
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Table 6-14 types of command and messages
Type of command Abbrev. Message
Input blocking IB IB+/– *)
Output blocking OB OB+/– *)
Control abortion CA CA+/–
The “plus” appearing in the message is a confirmation of the command execution: the
command execution was as expected, in other words positive. The “minus” is a
negative confirmation, the command was rejected. Figure 6-147 shows the messages
relating to command execution and operation response information for a successful
operation of the circuit breaker.
The check of interlocking can be programmed separately for all switching devices and
tags that were set with a tagging command. Other internal commands such as manual
entry or abort are not checked, i.e. carried out independent of the interlocking.
(9(17/2*
4&2FORVH
4)%FORVH
Figure 6-147 Example of a message when closing the circuit breaker Q0
Standard The standard interlocking includes the checks for each device which were set during
Interlocking the configuration of inputs and outputs, see Section 5.2.4 under “Binary Outputs for
Switching Devices”.
An overview for processing the interlocking conditions in the relay is shown by Figure
6-148.
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Device with Source Switching Authority Switching Mode
of Command =
On/Off
LOCAL
& Local
SAS REMOTE1),
Local &
DIGSI
AUTO
&
Remote &
Switching Authority
(Local/Remote)
& DIGSI
Switching Authority DIGSI
DIGSI or
Remote
&
Switching Mode Non-Interlocked
Local
or SCHEDULED=ACT .y/n
&
Switching Mode
Remote
Interlocked
&
or
SCHEDULED=ACT.y/n
System Interlock.*)y/n Command
Field Interlocking y/n or
Output
feedback Indication Protection Blockingy/n to Relay
On/Off Double Oper. Blocky/n
SW. Auth. LOCA> y/n
Protection Blocking Sw. Auth. REMOTEy/n
52 Close
52 Open
Event *) Starting With Version 4.2
Condition
1)
Source REMOTE also includes SAS.
LOCAL .. Command via substation controller.
REMOTE Command via telecontrol system to substation controller and from substation con
troller to device.
Figure 6-148 Standard Interlocking Arrangements
The display shows the configured interlocking reasons. The are marked by letters
explained in the following table 6-15.
Table 6-15 Interlocking commands
Interlocking commands Abbrev. Message
Control authorization L L
System interlock S S
Zone controlled Z Z
Target state = present state P P
(check switch position)
Block by protection B B
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Figure 6-149 shows all interlocking conditions (which usually appear in the display of
the device) for three switchgear items with the relevant abbreviations explained in
table 6-15 . All parametrized interlocking conditions are indicated
(see Figure 6-149).
,QWHUORFNLQJ
4&ORVH2SHQ6²=3%
4&ORVH2SHQ6²=3%
4&ORVH2SHQ6²=3%
Figure 6-149 Example of configured interlocking conditions
Control Logic using For zone controlled/field interlocking, control logic can be programmed, using the
CFC CFC. Via specific release conditions the information “released” or “bay interlocked”
are available.
6.21.4 Recording and acknowledgement of commands
During the processing of the commands, independent of the further message routing
and processing, command and process feedback information are sent to the message
processing center. These messages contain message cause indication. The
messages are entered in the event list.
Acknowledgement All messages which relate to commands that were issued from the device front
of Commands to “Command Issued = Local” are transformed into a corresponding response and
the Device Front shown in the display of the device.
Acknowledgement The messages which relate to commands with the origin “Command Issued = Local/
of Commands to Remote/DIGSI” must be send independent of the routing (configuration on the serial
- Local digital interface) to the initiating point.
- Remote
The acknowledgement of commands is therefore not executed by a response
- Digsi
indication as it is done with the local command but by ordinary command and feedback
information recording.
Monitoring of The processing of commands monitors the command execution and timing of
Feedback feedback information for all commands. At the same time the command is sent, the
Information monitoring time is started (monitoring of the command execution). This time controls
whether the device achieves the required final result within the monitoring time. The
monitoring time is stopped as soon as the feedback information arrives. If no feedback
information arrives, a response “Timeout command monitoring time“ appears and the
process is terminated.
Commands and information feedback are also recorded in the event list. Normally the
execution of a command is terminated as soon as the feedback information (FB+) of
the relevant switchgear arrives or, in case of commands without process feedback
information, the command output resets.
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The “plus” appearing in a feedback information confirms that the command was
successful, the command was as expected, in other words positive. The “minus” is a
negative confirmation and means that the command was not fulfilled as expected.
Command Output The command types needed for tripping and closing of the switchgear or for raising
and Switching and lowering of transformer taps are described in Section 5.2 and Subsection 5.2.1.
Relays
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Control During Operation 7
This chapter describes interaction possibilities with the SIPROTEC® 7SA522 device
during operation. The information that can be obtained and the procedure for retriev-
ing the data are discussed. Methods of influencing the device functions during opera-
tion and controlling the system using the device are covered.
Detailed knowledge about the device functions is not required at this point. However,
the configuration of the device covered in Chapter 5 — especially configuration of the
input and output functions — is assumed to have already taken place.
Please note that the examples shown are general and may differ in wording or details
from the device at hand. Also, depending on the model variant, some of the functions
discussed below may not be available.
7.1 Read-out of Information 7-2
7.2 Control of Device Functions 7-28
7.3 Circuit Breaker Test Function 7-42
7.4 Control of Switchgear 7-46
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Control During Operation
7.1 Read-out of Information
General The device provides a great deal of information that can be obtained on-site or from
data transfer:
• Messages,
• Operating measurement and metered values,
• Waveform data in oscillographic fault records.
This information is individually discussed below. Methods for viewing, retrieving, ac-
knowledging, and storing this information on a PC are also explained.
7.1.1 Messages
7.1.1.1 Output of Messages
Messages provide operating information about the power system, the device, and the
measurements. Other messages give an overview of important events such a network
fault and the operation of device functions. The information provided is useful in
checking overall operation of the device during testing and commissioning.
Password entry is not required to read messages.
The messages generated in the device can be presented in various ways:
• Display using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the front of the device,
• Operation of output relays connected to external signalling equipment,
• Display in the LCD on the front of the device,
• Display on the screen of a PC running the DIGSI® 4 program, connected to the op-
erating or service interface of the device,
• Transfer to a master station using one of the serial system interfaces (if available).
Light-Emitting The green light-emitting diode with the label “RUN” lights continuously during normal
Diodes operation.
The red LED with the label “ERROR” indicates that the processor system has recog-
nized an internal problem. If this LED lights up, then the device is not operational.
Chapter 9 discusses steps to take if a failure occurs in the device.
The other LEDs on the front of the device display the messages in accordance with
the configuration, as discussed in Chapter 5. The description of each LED illumination
should then be indicated on the label strips.
If the messages for the LEDs are latched, then the memory can be reset with the LED
key LED . This key simultaneously serves as a functional check for all of the LEDs ex-
cept the “RUN” and “ERROR” LEDs. While the key is pressed, all of these LEDs must
light.
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LEDs that display a condition should light for as long as the condition is maintained.
The LED action is therefore generally not latched. Of course, these LEDs are also in-
cluded in the function check with the LED key LED .
Binary Outputs Indications can be configured to output relays for external indication (e.g. annunciator,
sequence-of-events recorder, RTU, etc), and operate like LEDs. See also Chapter 5
for details.
Front Panel To retrieve messages using the front panel:
First press the 0(18 key MENU. The 0$,10(18 appears. The first menu item $QQXQ
FLDWLRQ is marked.
All menus and message lists begin with a title. The number in the upper right corner
of the display indicates presently selected menu entry or message, and, behind the
slash, the total number of menu entries or messages (see Figure 7-1, each first line).
Press the key to go to the $1181&,$7,21 sub-menu, as shown in Figure 7-1. In
this menu the messages can be reached by entering the associated selection number,
or by selecting the desired entry using the and keys and moving further with the
key. This procedure is described in more detail below.
0$,10(18
!$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²! $1181&,$7,21
!(YHQW/RJ²!
7ULS/RJ²!
Figure 7-1 Selection of messages on the operator control panel
PC–Interfaces A personal computer running the DIGSI® 4 program can be connected to the operat-
ing interface on the front of the device to retrieve the messages. A PC can also be con-
nected to the service interface on the back of the device. This connection typically ap-
plies when the PC is hard-wired with several devices, using a data bus (station com-
puter) or modem.
Details about the operation of DIGSI® 4 are contained in the “DIGSI® 4 Device Oper-
ation” handbook, order no. E50417-H1176-C097.
7SA522 Manual 7-3
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Figure 7-2 Function selection screen in DIGSI® 4 — example
If the DIGSI® 4 2QOLQH directory is opened with a double-click, the operating func-
tions for the device appear in the navigation window (Figure 7-2). By double clicking
on $QQXQFLDWLRQ, the tree structure expands and shows the individual message
groups. The groups are described in detail below.
System (SCADA) The system interface (if available) is generally hardwired and transfers all device in-
Interface formation to a master station via data cable or optical fibre cable.
Division of The messages are categorized as follows:
Messages
• Event Log: these are operating messages that can occur during the operation of the
device. They include information about the status of device functions, measurement
data, system data, and similar information.
• Trip Log: these are fault messages from the last eight network faults that were proc-
essed by the device.
• Switching statistics; these values include a counter for the trip commands initiated
by the device, accumulated currents interrupted by the individual poles of the circuit
breaker.
• Erasing and setting the messages named above.
A complete list of all message and output functions that can be generated by the de-
vice, with the associated information number (FNo), can be found in Appendix B. The
lists also indicate where each message can be sent. The lists are based on a
SIPROTEC® 4 device with the maximum complement of functions. If functions are not
present in the specific version of the device, or if they are set as “'LVDEOHG” in device
configuration, then the associated messages cannot appear.
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7.1.1.2 Event Log (Operating Messages)
Operating messages contain information that the device generates during operation
and about the operation. Up to 200 operating messages are stored in chronological
order in the device. New messages are added at the end of the list. If the memory has
been exceeded, then the oldest message is overwritten for each new message.
Faults in the power system are indicated with “1HWZRUN)DXOW” and the present fault
number. The fault messages (7ULS/RJ) contain details about the history of faults.
This topic is discussed in Sub-section 7.1.1.3.
All predefined operating messages are listed and explained in a table in the Appendix.
In a specific case, of course, only the appropriate messages appear in the display. The
appendix also shows whether the message is only issued as “ON” (to indicate an
event), or as “ON” and “OFF” (to designate the beginning and end of a condition).
From the With the device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front The first menu item (Annunciation) is marked.
Press the key to enter the $1181&,$7,21 menu (see Figure 7-1).
Here, select the menu item (YHQW/RJ (already marked). The (9(17/2* table ap-
pears.
If no messages are present, then the text “OLVWLVHPSW\” appears. Otherwise im-
portant events and changes in conditions are listed in chronological order (see Figure
7-3 as an example). Upon entering the menu, the newest (last) message is displayed
at first. The applicable date and time are noted in the display line directly above the
message. If the memory for the operating messages is not full, then the end of the en-
tries is indicated by “(1'”.
(9(17/2*
5HVHW/('21
Figure 7-3 Example of an operating message in the operating field of the device
The and keys can be used to move up and down in the Event Log.
Press the MENU key to return to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with Click on $QQXQFLDWLRQ. The options appear in the data window (Figure 7-4).
DIGSI® 4
Double click on the desired message group in the data window, in this case (YHQW
/RJ. A date and time appear in the data window as shown in Figure 7-4.
Double click on the date and time and the contents of the message group are dis-
played in another window.
7SA522 Manual 7-5
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Figure 7-4 Selection of operational messages in DIGSI® 4
Figure 7-5 Example of operational messages in DIGSI® 4
7.1.1.3 Trip Log (Fault Messages)
Spontaneous The spontaneous messages appear automatically in the display, after a general pick-
Messages up of the device. The most important data about a fault can be viewed on the device
front in the sequence shown in Figure 7-6.
'LV3LFNXS/ Protection function that had picked up first, e.g.
distance protection, with phase information;
387LPH PV Elapsed time from pick-up until drop-off;
75,37LPHPV Elapsed time from pick-up until the first trip com-
mand of a protection function;
G Fault distance d in km or miles
Figure 7-6 Display of spontaneous messages in the display
The spontaneous messages can be acknowledged by pressing the LED key. After ac-
knowledgment, the default display is shown.
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Retrieved The messages for the last eight network faults can be retrieved. The definition of a net-
messages work fault is such that the time period from fault detection up to final clearing of the
system fault is considered to be one network fault. If auto-reclosure occurs, then the
network fault ends after the last reclosing shot, which means after a successful or final-
unsuccessful reclosing. Therefore, the entire clearing process, including the reclosing
attempt (or all reclosing attempts), occupies only one fault log buffer. Within a network
fault, several fault events can occur (from the first pick-up of a protective function to
the last drop-out of a protective function). Without auto-reclosing, every fault event is
a network fault.
Altogether up to 600 indications can be stored. Oldest data are erased for newest data
when the buffer is full.
All available indications are displayed and explained in the Appendix. In a specific
case, of course, only the applicable messages appear on the display.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front The first menu item ($QQXQFLDWLRQ) is marked.
Press the key to enter the$1181&,$7,21 sub-menu (see Figure 7-1).
Using the key, select the sub-menu item Trip Log and move to the Trip Log sub-
menu using the key. The 75,3/2*selection appears.
In this sub-menu, the indications for the last 8 network faults can be selected, again
using the and keys. See the example in Figure 7-7.
If no messages are present for a fault, then entrance is denied and “/LVW(PSW\” is
displayed.
The messages within a fault record are listed in chronological order and numbered,
from the oldest to the newest.
The inception of a fault is identified with the date and time in hours, minutes, and sec-
onds (resolution to ms). See the example in Figure 7-7.
The individual messages that are associated with the fault are tagged with a relative
time. At least one complete individual message always appears in the display.
75,3/2*
!/DVW)DXOW²! /$67)$8/7
!QG/DVW)DXOW²!
etc 1HWZRUN)DXOW21
Figure 7-7 Example of fault messages in the front display
Use the and keys to move up and down in the fault messages.
Use the key to move back into the 75,3/2* level; or press the MENU key to go back
to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with Click on $QQXQFLDWLRQ. The options appear in the data window (see Figure 7-8).
DIGSI® 4
Double click on the desired message group in the data window, in this case the 7ULS
/RJ. A list appears in the data window, as shown in Figure 7-8.
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By double clicking on an entry in the list view, the associated contents of the network
fault is displayed in another window. The entries are chronologically listed with the
newest message appearing first.
Figure 7-8 Selection of fault messages in DIGSI® 4
Figure 7-9 Example of fault messages in DIGSI® 4
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7.1.1.4 Saving and Erasing the Messages
Normally, erasing the messages is not necessary because the oldest messages are
automatically erased when new events are entered, if the memory is full at the time.
However, erasure of the stored messages may be useful, for instance, after revision
of the plant, so that in the future the memory only contains information about actual
events. Erasing the memory takes place separately for each of the message groups.
Note:
When the Trip Log (fault messages) is erased, then the fault records are erased, too,
and all corresponding counters are set to zero. If, however, a fault record is erased (cf.
Sub-section 7.1.4), the fault messages are unaffected.
From the If erasure is desired, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears. The first menu
Device Front item $QQXQFLDWLRQ is marked.
Press the key to enter the $1181&,$7,21 menu (see Figure 7-1).
Using the key, select the item 6HW5HVHW, and switch to the sub-menu using the
key.
Here, select the message group to be erased using the key, and then press the
ENTER key. See Figure 7-10 as an example.
Password No. 5 (for setting changes) is required at this point. After entering the pass-
word and confirming with the ENTER key, the safety question “$UH\RXVXUH?” ap-
pears. The response “<(6” is the default (Figure 7-10). Confirm with the ENTER key, if
the message group should really be erased. If the message group should not be
erased, press the key so that the response “12” is highlighted, and confirm this an-
swer with the ENTER key. Before confirming with the ENTER key, the responses can be tog-
gled between “<(6” and “12” using the and keys. Alternatively, the ESC key can
be pressed to cancel the erasure procedure.
6(75(6(7 Select the associated message group or press
the associated number key to select the mes-
!(YHQW/RJ
!7ULS/RJ sages to be erased.
Etc
3:6HWWLQJV" Enter Password No. 5 (for setting change) and
ENTER
confirm with ENTER
Confirm “<HV” with the ENTER key and complete
$UH\RXVXUH" the erasing of the selected messages, or
!<HV1R switch to “1R” with the key and cancel the
erasure with the ENTER key.
Figure 7-10 Erasing messages from the front panel
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:
From PC with When operating with DIGSI® 4, the device messages can be saved on the hard drive
DIGSI® 4 of a personal computer before they are erased from the device. To do this, follow ex-
actly the same steps taken to retrieve the messages. Instead of double clicking on the
message group in the message list to open the group, select the option )LOH → 6DYH
in the DIGSI® 4 window menu bar. DIGSI® 4 then automatically creates a directory for
the messages — if one does not exist — and saves the message group in this direc-
tory. For details, see the “DIGSI® 4 Device Operation” Handbook, order no. E50417–
H1176–C097, Section 9.4.
When all of the desired message groups have been saved on the PC, they can be
erased from the device as described above.
Of course, you can erase the saved data from the hard drive of your PC as every file.
7.1.1.5 General Interrogation
:
From PC with The present condition of a SIPROTEC® device can examined by using DIGSI® 4 to
DIGSI® 4 view the contents of the “General Interrogation” annunciation.
The messages are found by double-clicking on $QQXQFLDWLRQ(see Figure 7-2),
double-clicking on *HQHUDO,QWHUURJDWLRQ, and double-clicking on the date and
time that appear in the right window. All of the messages that are defined for a general
interrogation are shown along with the actual values and states.
7.1.1.6 Spontaneous Messages
:
From PC with The spontaneous messages that can be displayed via DIGSI® 4 are refreshed imme-
DIGSI® 4 diately.
Find the message groups by clicking on $QQXQFLDWLRQ (Figure 7-2).
Double click 6SRQWDQHRXV$QQXQFLDWLRQ in the data window. The date and time
appear in the data window. By double clicking on them, the Spontaneous Annunciation
window opens, as shown in the following figure. Each entering message appears im-
mediately, without requiring that an update be initiated.
Bild 7-11 Spontaneous annunciation window — example
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7.1.2 Switching Statistics
The messages in switching statistics are counters for the accumulation of interrupted
currents by each of the breaker poles, the number of trips issued by the device to the
breaker. The interrupted currents are in primary terms.
Switching statistics can be viewed on the LCD of the device, or on a PC running
DIGSI® 4 and connected to the operating or service interface.
A password is not required to read switching statistics; however, a password is re-
quired to change or delete the statistics.
In 7SA522 the statistics register the data of the protection communication. The trans-
mission time of the information from device to device via protection data interfaces
(coming and going) is measured steadily and registered in the folder “Statistic”. The
availability of the means of transmission is also indicated. The availability is indicated
in %/min and %/h. This enables the user to assess the transmission quality.
7.1.2.1 Viewing the Switching Statistics
For each trip command initiated by a protective element of the device, the magnitude
of interrupted current for each circuit breaker pole is determined and stored. The cur-
rent magnitudes are added to previously interrupted currents, and the accumulated
values are stored.
Devices featuring a reclosure automatic also have the number of reclosing commands
counted. This is accomplished separately according to 1-pole (if possible) and 3-pole
reclosure cycles. Furthermore, it counts separately for the first and for all further reclo-
sures.
The memories and counters for statistics are secured against a loss of power supply
voltage.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front The first menu item $QQXQFLDWLRQ is marked.
Press the key to enter the $1181&,$7,21 sub-menu (see Figure 7-1).
Use the key to select the item 6WDWLVWLF, and switch to the list of statistics values
using the key. The 67$7,67,& list appears. See Figure 7-12.
67$7,67,&6
Σ ,/ N$
Σ ,/ N$
Etc.
Figure 7-12 Switching statistics viewed from the front display — example
:
From PC with Under $QQXQFLDWLRQ (Figure 7-2), the switching statistics can be found by double
DIGSI® 4 clicking. Double click on 6WDWLVWLF. The contents of the statistic counters is dis-
played in another window. See Figure 7-13.
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Figure 7-13 List of statistic values in DIGSI® 4 — example
7.1.2.2 Resetting and Setting the Switching Statistics
The memories and counters for switching statistics are secured against a loss of pow-
er supply voltage. The values can, however, be set to zero, or to any desired value
within certain setting limits.
From the In the 67$7,67,& (see previous sub-section) sub-menu (see previous sub-section),
Device Front select the value to be set by using the key, and then press the ENTER key. See Figure
7-14 for an example of changing the trip counter. Enter the password (password N° 5
for individual settings). Having done this the cursor blinks and the value is highlighted
in a box. The number can be overwritten using the number keys. If the new value is
outside of the permissible range, either above or below, then the maximum or mini-
mum limit value appears at the bottom edge of the screen. Confirm the change with
the ENTER key.
67$7,67,&6
∑,/ N$
7ULS&RXQW ! ENTER
7ULS&RXQW
2SHU+UV
0D[ 2147483648
Figure 7-14 Setting statistics values from the device front — example
:
From PC with In the 6WDWLVWLF window (see previous sub-section), mark the value that is to be set.
DIGSI® 4 With the right mouse button, open a context menu and select 6HW. See Figure 7-15.
After the password for individual settings is entered, the previous value in the window
can be overwritten.
7-12 7SA522 Manual
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Figure 7-15 Setting statistic values in DIGSI® 4 — example
7.1.3 Measured Values
Operating measured values are determined in the background by the processor sys-
tem. They can be called up at the front of the device, read out via the operating inter-
face using a PC with DIGSI® 4, or transferred to a central master station via the sys-
tem interface (if available).
No password entry is required to view the measured values. The values are updated
every few seconds.
Most measured values can be displayed in primary quantities, secondary quantities,
and percentages based on nominal values. A precondition for correct display is that
the nominal values be correctly set in the power system data.
The secondary values are the quantities applying at the device terminals or the values
calculated from these quantities.
7.1.3.1 Measured Values
Default Display Under normal conditions, the so-called default display is the default image in the relay
display. It shows measured values of the protected equipment. Depending on the relay
type, a number of predefined basic displays are available. Using the and keys,
one of the displayed images may be selected (see example in Figure 7-16).
,8/(8//
/
/
/
Figure 7-16 Default displays — example
7SA522 Manual 7-13
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Control During Operation
Read-out of In the 7SA522 with maximum functionality the measured values as shown in Table 7-
Measured Values 1 and 7-2 are available.
The displacement voltage 3U0 is either measured directly (3U0 = √3·Uen, if Uen is con-
nected to the voltage input U4) or calculated (from 3U0 = UL1-E + UL2-E + UL3-E).
The power measurements P, Q are positive, if real power or inductive reactive power
flows into the protected object. This is assuming that this direction has been parame-
terized as “forward”.
The sign of the power factor cos ϕ corresponds to the sign of the real power.
If the device is provided with the synchronism and voltage check function, the
characteristical values (voltages, frequences, differences) can be read out.
In addition to those measured values listed in the table, it is possible to retrieve user
defined measurement, metering and set points, if these were generated during the
configuration of the device according to Section 5.3 “Generating user definable func-
tions with CFC”.
Table 7-1 Operational measured values of the local device
Measured values primary secondary % referred to
IL1, IL2, IL3 phase currents A A rated operational current 1)
3I0 earth currents A A rated operational current 1)
I1, I2 pos. and neg. seq. currents A A rated operational current 1)
3I0sen sensitive earth current A mA rated operational current 1) 3)
IY, IP transformer star point current or A A rated operational current 1) 3)
earth current in the parallel line
UL1–L2, UL2–L3, UL3–L1 line voltages kV V rated operational voltage 2)
UL1–E, UL2–E, UL3–E phase-earth voltages kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
3U0 displacement voltage kV V rated operational voltage ·√3 2)4)
UX voltage at the measuring input U4 kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
U1, U2 pos. and neg. seq. voltages kV V rated operational voltage /√3 2)
R, X operational resistance, reactance Ω Ω —
S, P, Q apparent, active and MVA, MW, — √3·UN ·IN
reactive power MVAR rated operational values1) 2)
cos ϕ power factor (abs) (abs) —
f frequency Hz Hz rated frequency
1) 2)
acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3) acc. to address (refer to Sub-section 6.1.3)
3)
with consideration of the factor ,,SK&7 (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
4) with consideration of the factor 8SK8GHOWD (refer to Sub-section 6.1.1)
7-14 7SA522 Manual
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Tabelle 7-2 Operating measured values transmitted from the other end via protection data
interface in comparison with the local operating measured values
Data prim. value
Geräte ADR device address of the remote device (absolute)
IL1, IL2, IL3 remote phase currents of the remote device operating nominal current 1)
IL1, IL2, IL3 local phase currents of the local device operating nominal current 1)
ϕ(IL1), ϕ(IL2), ϕ(IL3) phase angles between remote and °
local phase currents
UL1, UL2, UL3 remote voltages of remote device operating nominal voltage /
√3 2)
UL1, UL2, UL3 local voltages of local device operating nominal voltage /
√3 2)
ϕ(UL1), ϕ(UL2), ϕ(UL3) phase angles between remote and °
local voltages
1
) for lines acc. to address (refer to Subsection 6.1.3),
2
) acc. to address (refer to Subsection 6.1.3)
Except for the current measured values the user can also read out the minimum,
maximum and long-term measured values. The interval range for the calculation of the
average value was set in Subsection 6.21.4.
The following average values are available:
• IL1dmd, IL2dmd, IL3dmd, I1dmd: the measured values of the phase currents and
positive sequence system;
• Pdmd, Pdmd Forw, Pdmd Rev: the active power as a whole and separately
according to Demand Forward and Demand Reverse;
• Qdmd, QdmdForw, QdmdRev: the reactive power as a whole and separately
according to Demand Forward and Demand Reverse;
• Sdmd: the apparent power.
For the following values both the minimum and the maximum values are available:
• IL1, IL2, IL3, I1: phase currents and the symmetrical sequence current;
• IL1d, IL2d, IL3d, I1d: average values of the phase currents and the positive sequence
current;
• UL1–E, UL2–E, UL3–E, U1: phase-earth voltages and positive sequence voltage;
• UL1–L2, UL2–L3, UL3–L1, 3U0: phase-phase voltages and zero sequence voltage;
• PForw, PRev, QForw, QRev, S: active and reactive power separately according to
Demand Forward and Demand Reverse as well as apparent power;
• Pd, Qd, Sd: average values of active, reactive and apparent power;
• cos ϕ Pos, cos ϕ Neg: power factor separately according Demand Forward and
Demand Reverse;
• f: frequency.
7SA522 Manual 7-15
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From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Use the key to select the menu item0HDVXUHPHQW, and switch to the list of meas-
ured values using the key. The 0($685(0(17 selection appears. See figure 7-17.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
!0HDVXUHPHQW²!
0($685(0(17
!2SHUDWLRQSUL
!2SHUDWLRQVHF
Etc.
Figure 7-17 Selection of measured values on the front — example
The measured values are divided into the following groups:
01 2SHUDWLRQSUL Operational measured values, primary.
03 ,PSHGDQFH3ULP Operational impedance, primary;
04 6\QFKU&KHFNSUL Measured values of synchronism check, primary;
11 2SHUDWLRQVHF Operational measured values, secondary;
13 ,PSHGDQFH6HF Operational impedance, secondary ;
21 3HUFHQW Operational measured values, in percent of operational
nominal quantities;
31 'HPDQG Long-term average values, in primary values;
32 0LQ0D['HPDQG Minimum and maximum average values with date and time
indication of moment of occurrence, in primary values;
33 8,0LQ0D[ Minimum and maximum values of voltages and currents
with date and time indication of moment of occurrence, in
primary values;
34 SFRVϕ0LQ0D[ Minimum and maximum values of the actve, reactive and
apparent power of the frequence and the power factor;
51 8VHU'HILQHG Measured values that are defined by the user during initial
setting of the device (see Section 5.2).
61 6HW3RLQWV See Subsubsection 7.1.3.2
71 6HWSRLQWV 09 See Subsubsection 7.1.3.3
81 5HVHW See Subsubsection 7.1.3.4.
If a measured value is not available, then instead of the measured value, 3 dots ap-
pear. If the value is undefined (e.g., cos ϕ, when no current is flowing), then “–––” ap-
pears (3 horizontal bars). If a measured value overruns, then “” (3 asterisks) is
displayed.
Use the key to select the measured value group that has the values desired, and
switch to the display of this group with the key. Figure 7-18 shows an example for
the display of operating measured values.
7-16 7SA522 Manual
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0($685(0(17
!2SHUDWLRQSUL 23(5$7,2135,
!2SHUDWLRQVHF
!,/ $
Etc. !,/ $
Etc.
Figure 7-18 Viewing operating measured values on the front display
Move up and down in the table of measured value groups using the and keys.
Use the key to return to the 0($685(0(17 sub-menu. Use the MENU key to return to
the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with The measured value groups are found under 0HDVXUHPHQW (Figure 7-2) with a dou-
DIGSI® 4 ble click, as shown in Figure 7-19, left.
Figure 7-19 Measurement window in DIGSI® 4
The measured values are divided into the following groups:
• 3ULPDU\9DOXHV ORFDO with
2SHUDWLRQDOPHDVXUHGYDOXHVSULPDU\,
3ULPDU\RSHUDWLQJLPSHGDQFH;
6\QFKURFKHFNPHDVXUHGYDOXHVSULPDU\
• 6HFRQGDU\9DOXHV ORFDO with
2SHUDWLRQDOPHDVXUHGYDOXHVVHFRQGDU\,
6HFRQGDU\RSHUDWLQJLPSHGDQFH;
• 5DWHGLQ ORFDO UHPRWH with
'LIIHUHQWLDODQ5HVWUDLQW&XUUHQW
$QJOHV
0HDVXUHPHQWVIURPUHOD\,
0HDVXUHPHQWVIURPUHOD\,
0HDVXUHPHQWVIURPUHOD\,
related to nominal operational values, relay 3 only for 7SA522 if a corresponding
number of devices is configured.
• 0LQ0D['HPDQGwith
'HPDQG
0LQ0D['HPDQG
7SA522 Manual 7-17
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Control During Operation
8,0LQ0D[
3I3RZHU)DFWRU0LQ0D[
• 2WKHU with
8VHUGHILQHGPHDVXUHGYDOXHV,
8VHUGHILQHGFRXQWHU,
6HWSRLQWYDOXHRIPHDVXUHGYDOXH,
i.o.w. only such values that were generated in the configuration (according to 5.2)
and/or with the user definable logic CFC (according to Section 5.3).
If a measured value is not available, then instead of the measured value, 3 dots ap-
pear. If the value is undefined (e.g., cos ϕ, when no current is flowing), then “–––” ap-
pears (3 horizontal bars). If the measured value overruns, then “” (3 asterisks)
are displayed.
Double click on the desired measure value group; e.g. 3ULPDU\9DOXHV. The next
sub-group is displayed.
Double click on the desired sub-group; e.g. 2SHUDWLRQDOYDOXHVSULPDU\.
By double clicking on an entry in the list on the right side of the window, the associated
contents of the measured value group are displayed in another window, as shown in
Figure 7-20.
Figure 7-20 Example of measured values shown in DIGSI® 4
7.1.3.2 Energy
Reading out In the maximum scope of device 7SA522 there are counters that summarize the active
Metered Values and reactive power (:S:T) separately according to output and input of the active
energy or capacitive and inductive reactive power (in direction to the protected object).
It is a prerequisite that the direction is configured to IRUZDUG (Address , see
Section 6.1).
7-18 7SA522 Manual
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From the With the device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Use the key to select the menu item 0HDVXUHPHQW (See Figure7-1), and switch
to the list of measured values using the key. The 0($685(0(17 selection appears.
There, select the menu item (QHUJ\ with the key, and switch to the table of energy
using the key.
Use the and keys to move up and down in the table of the energy.
Use the key to return to the 0($685(0(17 submenu. Use the MENU key to return to
the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with Make a double click on 0($685(0(17(Figure 7-2) to view the measurement groups.
DIGSI® 4
Select 2WKHr with another double click.
In the next level double-click on (QHUJ\.
By double-clicking on an item in the list in the right part of the window, another window
is opened viewing the corresponding content of the counter group.
7.1.3.3 Setting Set Points
SIPROTEC® 7SA522 enables the user to set limit points (or: set points) for some
important measured and metered values. If one of these set points is reached,
exceeded or undershot, the device generates an event log. This annunciation - like all
event logs - can be allocated to LEDs and/or output relays and then transmitted via
interfaces.
Set points can be set for the following measured and metered values:
• IL1dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L1.
• IL2dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L2.
• IL3dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value in phase L3.
• I1dmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the positive sequence
system of the currents.
• |Pdmd|>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the active power
magnitude.
• |Qdmd|>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the reactive power
magnitude.
• Sdmd>: exceeding a preset maximum average value of the apparent power.
• |cosϕ|<: untershooting a preset rate of the power factor
Further set points can be set if their measured and metered values have been
configured via CFC (see Section 5.3).
The exceeding or undershooting of set points is output as event log (see
Subsubsection 7.1.1.2).
7SA522 Manual 7-19
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From the With the device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Use the key to select the menu item 0HDVXUHPHQW and switch to the list of
measured values using the key. The 0($685(0(17 selection appears.
There, select the menu item 6HW3RLQWVwith the key and switch to the list of set
points using the key (see Figure 7-23).
0HDVXUHPHQW
!6HW3RLQWV 09 6(732,176 09
5HVHW
,//LPLW !$
,//LPLW $
etc.
3:6HWWLQJV" Enter password Nr. 5 (for individual
ENTER
parameters) and confirm with ENTER
,//LPLW ENTER
$UH\RXVXUH"
ENTER
!<HV1R(VFDSH
Figure 7-21 Setting of set-points on the device front — example
With the keys and the user can page up and down in the set point table.
To change a set point, it must be marked using the keys and . Then press the
ENTER key.
A prompt for the entry of password No. 5 (for individual settings) appears. After entry
of the password and confirmation with ENTER , the current value appears in a frame with
a flashing cursor. The current value must be overwritten with the desired new value
using the numeric keys. If the permissible range for the setting value is exceeded to
the top or the bottom, the maximum or minimum set point value appears at the bottom
of the display when the value is entered.
Press the ENTER key. The new value now appears in the list of set points.
In the same way, further set points, if available, can be modified.
If this level is exited with the key or MENU the query “$UH\RXVXUH"”, with the
default answer “<HV” appears (Figure 7-23). Confirm with the key ENTER , to validate the
the value. If the value must not be modified, press the key, so that the answer “1R”
is marked, and confirm with the ENTER key. If the value is to be modified once more,
mark “$ERUW”, confirm with the ENTER key and enter the value again.
:
From PC with Set points are only available in online–mode. The metered value groups are to be
DIGSI® 4 found under 0HDVXUHPHQW (Figure 7-2) by double-clicking on the latter. Select 2WKHU
and then 6HW3RLQWV 0HDVXUHG9DOXHV Figure 7-24).
By double clicking on an entry in the list in the right part of the window, the set points
are loaded. Mark the number of the value which is to be changed. With a right mouse
click, open the context menu and click on 6HW, as shown in Figure 7-24. A password
7-20 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
inquiry (password No 5 for individual settings) occurs. Next, the dialog field 6HW
0HWHUHG9DOXH is opened. Enter the desired value in the entry field. Then click on
2..
The entered value is transferred to the device and the display within the window in
Figure 7-24 is updated.
Figure 7-22 Set Points in DIGSI® 4
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7.1.3.4 Resetting of Metered Values and Minimum/Maximum Values
Metered values of measured values and minimum/maximum value memories can be
reset.
From the With the device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Use the key to select the menu item 0HDVXUHPHQW and switch to the list of
measured values using the key. The 0($685(0(17 selection appears.
There, select the menu item 5HVHWwith the key, and switch to the list of limit
values using the key (see Figure 7-23).
5(6(7
!5HV0LQ0D[!
!0HWHUUHV
3:6HWWLQJV" Enter password Nr. 5 (for individual
ENTER
parameters) and confirm with ENTER
Confirm “<(6” with the ENTER key and
complete the resetting of the selected
measured values, or switch to “12” with
$UH\RXVXUH" the key and cancel the resetting with
!<HV1R(VFDSH the ENTER key.
Figure 7-23 Setting of metered values and minimum/maximum values on front panel
With the keys and paging up and down in the table is possible.
To reset a memory, it must be marked by means of the keys and and
subsequently the key ENTER must be pressed.
A prompt for the entry of password No. 5 (for individual parameters) appears. After
entry of the password and confirmation with ENTER , the query “$UH\RXVXUH"”, with
the default answer “<HV” appears (Figure 7-23). Confirm with the key ENTER , if the
corresponding measured values should really be reset. A message in the display will
then show the answer “&KDQJHRN”. If you do not want to reset the measured values,
press the key, so that the answer “1R” is marked, and confirm with the ENTER key.
Before confirming with the ENTER key, the responses can be toggled between “<(6” and
“12” using the and keys. Alternatively, the ESC key can be pressed to cancel the
resetting procedure.
Use the key to return to the 0($685(0(17 submenu. Use the MENU key to return to
the 0$,10(18.
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:
From PC with Resetting of metered values and minimum/maximum values is done for all categories
DIGSI® 4 at the same time.
To reset values back to zero, first click onto the required group (energy or minimum/
maximum values) in the 0($685(0(17 submenu. Open the context menu with a right
mouse click and select 5HVHW
After having entered the password N° 5 (changing parameters) the reset process is
initiated.
Note:
When selecting 5HVHW, all values are reset to zero. This procedure cannot be un-
done.
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7.1.4 Fault Records
Waveform data is stored in the device and can be graphically represented on a per-
sonal computer using DIGSI® 4, together with the graphic program DIGRA® 4. The
settings associated with fault recording — such as duration and pre- and post-trigger
times — were set according to Chapter 6.
7.1.4.1 Viewing Fault Records
:
From PC with To view the fault recording data on a screen, one of the programs SIGRA® 4 or Com-
DIGSI® 4 trade Viewer (included with SIMATIC Manager) is needed. Do the following:
Double click on 2VFLOORJUDSKLF5HFRUGV (Figure 7-2) to view the folder 2VFLO
ORJUDSKLF)DXOW5HFRUGV. The folders listed in the right window show an over-
view of oscillographic records. The records are identified with a network fault number,
a fault record number, and the date and time.
One single line fault can generate one oscillographic record or more than one. The os-
cillographic records are numbered.
By double clicking on an fault record in the list view in the right side of the window, one
of the above programs is opened, and the selected waveform data are loaded. (See
also DIGSI® 4, Operating Handbook, order no. E50417–H1176–C097, Sub-section
8.3.3).
Figure 7-24 Retrieval of fault records in DIGSI® 4 – example
SIGRA® 4 provides support in the analysis of faults in a power system. The program
graphically prepares the data recorded during a fault, and calculates additional meas-
ured quantities, such as impedances or rms values.
The quantities can be represented in these views:
• Time signals
• Vector diagrams
• Circle diagrams
• Harmonics
7-24 7SA522 Manual
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Selection takes place using the menu bar (9LHZ), or clicking in the symbol bar above
the represented switching fields. Figure 7-25 shows all four views simultaneously.
Figure 7-25 SIGRA 4 — Diagrams in the four possible views
The recorded data read into the PC memory are first shown in full on the screen. Cur-
rent, and possibly voltage, for each phase and the ground are represented separately.
The date and time of the viewing process are also memorized.
Representation of primary or secondary quantities can be selected. The base values
for currents and voltages are the nominal values of the transformers (CTs or VTs). An
identical scale is used for all currents, relative to the largest occurring current value,
and for all voltages, relative to the largest occurring voltage value.
Having selected the view 7LPH6LJQDOV different binary information (e. g. general
pickup, general tripping) can be recorded as event marks provided that they were con-
figured as mark signals beforehand (see Chapter 5). They also have to be within the
recorded time zone (refer to Figure 7-26).
7SA522 Manual 7-25
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Figure 7-26 Example of a fault record viewing the time signal view
There are 2 cursors in the time axis, cursor 1 and cursor 2. Moving one cursor on the
time axis it is possible to read out (in all views) the corresponding points of time from
the table below the function bar. In the view 7LPH6LJQDOV the cursors appear as
vertical lines across the whole diagram, in view &LUFOH'LDJUDPV as reticle.
If the user wants to know a specific value of a signal sent at a certain point of time, a
cursor must be assigned to this signal. Signal type, value and point of time are then
shown in the table.
A zoom function enlarges or minimizes the whole diagram or a part of it. It also opti-
mises the scale. The latter can be carried out either for both axes at the same time or
only for a single one. Via the function $GDSW, different diagrams can be adapted in
their scale.
Select )LOH→3ULQW to print a whole fault record or selected diagrams. To save
them you have to indicate the file name and the path.
Options Using a black-and-white printer it would be sensible to change the layout of the fault
record, e. g. to distinguish signals with different types of lines (broken line, dotted line
etc.).
Define a layout that is accepted by the printer and save it in 2SWLRQV / 'LDORJXH
8VHU3URILOH choosing the file name yourself. All defined signal assignments to the
individual diagrams, letterings, types of lines etc. are then permanently available un-
der this name and can be assigned to different fault records. Before starting the print-
ing process first select the user profile.
Further details about the many possibilities that SIGRA ® 4 offers can be found in the
SIGRA handbook (Order No. E50417–H1176–C070).
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7.1.4.2 Saving the Fault Records
Storage of Fault Oscillographic records that are received from the device are not automatically saved
Recording Data in the PC. The data can, however, be saved in files.
To store the fault records click on )LOH→6DYH. This command is only activated if
new record data that haven’t been stored so far are available. Then DIGSI® 4 auto-
matically generates a directory for the messages - if there is still none existing. The
event group is then stored in this directory. The following question “6KRXOGWKH
SURFHVVGDWDDOVREHVDYHG"” is to be answered according to the user‘s re-
quirements. For more details, see the DIGSI® 4 Operating Handbook, Order No.
E50417-H1176-C097, Section 9.4.
The oscillographic records stored in the device do not need to be deleted, since the
data are stored in a cyclic buffer. The oldest data are automatically overwritten by the
newest data.
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7.2 Control of Device Functions
You may change individual functions and messages in a 7SA522 while the device is
in-service. Some examples are given above, including erasing stored information
(Sub-section 7.1.1.4) and setting/resetting counters and set-points (Sub-sections
7.1.2.2 and 7.1.3.4). In this section, three other control capabilities are discussed.
They are correcting the date and time, changing the settings group, and affecting in-
formation at the system interface during test operations.
7.2.1 Read and Set Date and Time
The 7SA522 device can be connected to an external clock source, binary input or use
the internal RTC for time and date stamping.
Whether and by which synchronization source the internal clock should be set was
already determined in Section 5.5, “Date and Time Stamping”. Once the device is not
supplied with power, the internal time clock (RTC) continues working by taking its
power from the integrated buffer battery. Right after the running up of the device it
displays a plausible time. The time then is changed automatically by the
synchronization source linked to the device or is altered manually. Before initiating a
synchronization process which is going to stamp a valid time, different types of time
indication in the device display are possible. The following paragraph gives you more
details about this matter.
In a Distance Protection system with 7SA522 devices the time is usually synchronized
by only one device, the so-called “Timing master”. Generally it is the device with
index 1. It synchronizes all partner-devices via the protection communication. The
time can therefore only be changed in this device. However, the state and time can be
read out in all devices of a Distance Protection system at any time.
Time Status Besides the display of date and time, the status of these readings is also provided. The
text of the status display can have the appearances given in Table 7-3, under regular
conditions of time control.
Table 7-3 Time Status
Status Bits No.
1
synchronized
67 2
(5 3
(567 4
not synchronized
16(5 5
16 6
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The text symbols, or “status bits”, for the time status have the following meanings:
16 Not synchronized Time was neither set manually nor synchronized after
power-up.
(5 Time error At the moment, there is no cyclical synchronization
within the tolerance times (time can jump)
67 Daylight savings The latest synchronization signal received supplied a
time daylight savings time bit
Representation of Various representations of the date and time stamp may be given in the '$7(7,0(
the Time sub-menu and in all messages stamped with the date and time. The year number
stored in the device and the values of the status bits “Not synchronized” and “Time er-
ror” determine the representations. The possible representations and the associated
causes are listed in Table 7-4.
Table 7-4 Representations of Date and Time:
Item Display (Example) Year Time Error Time Invalid
Date Time
1 HHHHHHHH " Year = 1990 irrelevant
2 " Yes No
3 " " 1990<Year<2090 Yes Yes
4 No No
5 HH"HHHHHH " No Yes
? appearing in the date and time field indicate that the clock synchronisation has been
lost.
Item 1 appears if the internal clock RTC did not have a valid time upon start-up. The
messages in the memory buffers are dated 01/01/1990.
Corrective action: Set the date and time manually (see margin header “Changing the
Time” below).
Item 2 appears if the time was actually set, but not synchronized. This can happen:
− briefly upon device power-up,
− if synchronization is lost; that is, if the cyclical synchronization is interrupted for a
time longer than the set tolerance time ((UURU7LPH).
Corrective action: If an external synchronizing source is being used, check the
source and the connection.
Item 3 is displayed if the RTC had a valid value upon device start-up but the time was
neither manually set nor synchronized since.
Corrective action: Set the date and time manually, or wait until the cyclical synchroni-
zation takes effect.
Item 4 displays the normal condition; that is, the time is synchronized cyclically accord-
ing to the type of operation.
7SA522 Manual 7-29
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Item 5 is displayed if the transmitted time value from the synchronization via the sys-
tem interface is marked as “invalid”.
Changing the Time The time can be changed
− by setting the time manually, using the integrated control panel or DIGSI® 4,
− by adjusting the settings for time control.
The date and time can be manually set during operation, provided the device allows
this. A precondition is that the appropriate type of operation for time control must be
selected (see Section 5.7).
When the source of time synchronization is “internal” or “pulse via binary input” the
date and time can be manually set during operation at any instant. The annunciations
“time error ON” and “time error OFF” appear in the annunciation log to indicate time
synchronization and loss of time synchronization, respectively.
In the other operating modes, manual adjustments are only accepted if the synchroni-
zation is momentarily lost. The messages “time error ON” and “time error OFF” are giv-
en when manually changing the year in the IRIG B mode.
Without healthy or external time synchronisation the free running date and time can
also be relatively adjusted (+/– 23:59:59) using the entry field 'LII²WLPH.
This input possibility is not to be confused with the parameter 2IIVHW (see Section
5.7), which affects the specific general offset to the received synchronization time of
the radio clock receiver (e.g. local time vs. GMT time).
Setting Date and Please take note that in a Distance Protection system with 7SA522 the internal clock
Time continues working without supply voltage for a maximum time period of 24 hours.
Once this time period has expired, date and time must be set again.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Select 6HWWLQJV, and in the sub-menu 6(783(;75$6. To set the date and time
manually, choose the selection 'DWH7LPH and move to the '$7(7,0( display us-
ing the key. See Figure 7-27.
6(783(;75$6
!'DWH7LPH²! '$7(7,0(
!&ORFN6HWXS²! 6WDWXV
!
'LII²WLPH
Figure 7-27 Manual date and time adjustment from the front panel
To change one of the previous settings (date, time, differential time), mark the item us-
ing the and keys, and then press the ENTER key.
Enter password N° 5 (for changing settings). Then the actual setting appears in a
frame with a blinking cursor. Overwrite this setting with the desired new one using the
number keys. Be careful to enter the format properly.
Confirm the change with the ENTER key.
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Control During Operation
To change the time offset or the tolerance time for a clock error signal, select &ORFN
6HWXS under 6(783(;75$6, as shown in Figure 7-28. Under 2IIVHW, the time off-
set can be changed. Under (UURU7LPH, the time delay for the alarm and the source
of the time synchronization can be changed. These adjustments are done in the same
manner as setting the time, by overwriting the displayed values and confirming with
the ENTER key.
To return to the S(783(;75$6 level, press the key, several times if necessary. To
return to the 0$,10(18, press the MENU key.
6(783(;75$6
!'DWH7LPH²!
!&ORFN6HWXS²! &/2&.6(783
2IIVHW!PLQ
(UURU7LPHPLQ
6RXUFH,QWHUQDO
Figure 7-28 Date and time settings from the front panel
:
From PC with To manually change the date and time of the device:
DIGSI® 4
Click on Device in the menu bar as shown in Figure 7-29. Select the command Set
Clock.
Figure 7-29 Selecting the command Set Clock in DIGSI® 4
A dialog field, Set clock & date in device, is opened. The displayed values are the
present date and time. The day of the week is automatically derived from the date —
and cannot be edited.
• Edit the input fields 'DWH and 7LPH. The format depends on your regional settings
of the PC. See Figure 7-30.
Date: mm/dd/yyyy or dd.mm.yyyy
Time: hh.mm.ss
Click on 2. to transfer the entered values into the device. The previous values are
changed and the dialog field is closed.
7SA522 Manual 7-31
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Figure 7-30 Dialog Field: 6HWFORFN GDWHLQGHYLFH
If the time offset or tolerance time is to be changed when the clock alarm failed,
double-click onto 6HWWLQJV(Figure 7-31) to select the function.
Figure 7-31 Dialog Field: 6HWWLQJV in DIGSI® 4 — example
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Make a double click onto 7LPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQandthe window 7LPH
6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ 7LPH)RUPDWappears. There the user can change the
alarm delay („Fault indication after“) and the time offset in the field “Offset to time
signal”.
Figure 7-32 Dialogue Field: 7LPH6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ 7LPH)RUPDW
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7.2.2 Changeover of Setting Groups
Four different setting groups for the protective functions are available. The active
group can be changed onsite while the 7SA522 is in-service by using the integrated
operating field on the device or the operating interface on a PC running DIGSI® 4. Al-
ternatively, you may decide that the active setting group be remotely controlled via bi-
nary inputs or the system (SCADA) interface.
Password No. 5 (password for individual settings) is required to change setting
groups.
The first setting group is called group A. The others are groups B, C, and D. If setting
group changing is to be used, then settings for the groups to be employed must have
been entered (see Section 6) and the switching process must be (QDEOHG under Ad-
dress *US&KJH237,21.
From the When the device is ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 ap-
Device Front pears.
Using the key, select the menu item 6HWWLQJV and switch to the settings with the
key. The selection 6(77,1*6 appears.
Using the key, select the item &KDQJH*URXS and move to the selection of groups
with the key. The sub-menu &+$1*(*5283 appears, as shown in Figure 7-33.
The first Address is marked. The address displays the setting group presently in
effect (in Figure 7-33, the active group is *URXS$).
Using the key, select Address and confirm with the ENTER key.
Enter the password for individual settings, and confirm.
Using the key, select one of the four groups A, B, C, or D, or give control to another
source.
If %LQDU\,QSXW (activation using binary inputs) is selected, setting group switching
is controlled by binary inputs, provided appropriate configuration has been done and
the necessary physical connections are present (see Section 5.2).
If YLD3URWRFRO is chosen, setting group changes can be controlled via the system
serial interface.
7-34 7SA522 Manual
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&+$1*(*5283 The currently-active setting group is displayed un-
$&7,9(*5283 der Address .
*URXS$
The setting group can be changed under Address
&+$1*(WR : by pressing the ENTER key, after entering the
!*URXS$
password, two possible alternatives are displayed
in a new window each time:
!*URXS$
*URXS% Using the keys, select one of the alterna-
*URXS& tives and confirm with the ENTER key;
*URXS'
YLD%LQDU\,QSXW
YLD3URWRFRO
The next question (“$UH\RXVXUH"”) is an-
swered with <HV and the selected alternative is
$UH\RXVXUH" confirmed, or is answered with 1R using the
ENTER <HV1R key and the change is cancelled with the ENTER key.
Figure 7-33 Switching setting groups from the front panel
Control of the setting groups can always be regained by switching to one of the groups
A through D.
The key can be used to return to the 6(77,1*6 sub-menu; the MENU key can be
pressed to returns to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with By opening the 2QOLQH directory with a double click in DIGSI® 4, the operating func-
DIGSI® 4 tions for the device appear in the left part of the window. See Figure 7-34.
Figure 7-34 Function selection window in DIGSI® 4 - example
Double click on 6HWWLQJV to find &KDQJH*URXS in the data window (Figure 7-34
right).
7SA522 Manual 7-35
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Double click on &KDQJH*URXS. The &KDQJH*URXS window is opened, as shown
in Figure 7-35.
Figure 7-35 Setting group switching in DIGSI® 4
The active setting group is displayed. To switch to another setting group, click on the
field 9DOXH and select the desired option from the drop-down list. Before closing the
window, transfer the change to the device. This is done by clicking on the button
'LJVL→'HYLFH. A request for Password No. 7 (password for setting groups) is
given. Enter the correct password, and then click on 2..
7.2.3 Test Messages to the System (SCADA) Interface during Test Operation
Depending on the type of protocol, all messages and measured values transferred to
the central control system can be identified with an added message “test operation”-
bit while the device is being tested onsite (test mode). This identification prevents the
messages from being incorrectly interpreted as resulting from an actual power system
disturbance or event. As another option, all messages and measured values normally
transferred via the SCADA interface can be blocked during the testing (block data
transmission).
A password for test and diagnostics is required (password no. 4) to block the messag-
es and measured values.
Data transmission block can be accomplished by controlling binary inputs, by using
the operating panel on the device, or via DIGSI ® 4.
If binary inputs are used, then the appropriate inputs must be configured.
7-36 7SA522 Manual
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From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, highlight the menu item 7HVW'LDJQRVH, and then press the
key to enter sub-menu. 7(67',$*126( will appear at the top of the menu.
At this point, highlight the menu item 7HVW(QDEOH using the key, and then press
the key to enter sub-menu. 7(67(1$%/( will appear at the top of the menu. See
Figure 7-36.
7(67',$*126(
'HYLFH5HVHW²!
!7HVW(QDEOH²! 7(67(1$%/(
%ON'DWD7UDQV²!
+DUGZDUH7HVW²! !7HVWPRGH2))
6HW5HVHW²!
6,(0(16,QWHUQ
Figure 7-36 Applying Test Mode from the Operator Control Panel
To start Test mode, press the ENTER key, enter the password for test and diagnostics,
and confirm with the ENTER key. A new window appears with the options 21 and 2)).
Use the and keys to select the desired mode, and press the ENTER key. The ques-
tion “$UH\RXVXUH"” is displayed. Highlight the desired response and press the
ENTER key. If the mode is changed, the device responds with the message “&RQWURO
([HFXWHG”.
Use the key to return to the 7(67',$*126( level; press the MENU key to return to
the 0$,10(18.
The procedure for changing the Block Data Transmission mode is the same. See Fig-
ure 7-37 (simplified).
7(67',$*126(
!%ON'DWD7UDQV²! %/.'$7$75$16
+DUGZDUH7HVW²!
!'DWD6WRS2))
Figure 7-37 Applying a Block of Data Transmission from the Front Panel (simplified)
The settings for the test mode and the data transmission block are normally 2)). Def-
initions:
− 7HVWPRGH – With the 21 setting, the “test mode”-bit is transferred for messages
compatible with IEC 60 870–5–103.
− 'DWD6WRS – With the 21 setting, no messages or measured values are trans-
ferred (“transfer block”).
7SA522 Manual 7-37
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Control During Operation
:
From PC with Click on 'HYLFH in the menu bar to reach the commands %ORFN'DWD7UDQVPLV
DIGSI® 4 VLRQ and 7HVW0RGH. See Figure 7-38.
Figure 7-38 Example: Transfer Block Activated in DIGSI® 4
Click on %ORFN'DWD7UDQVPLVVLRQ to activate or deactivate the transfer block.
After entry of Password No. 4 for test and diagnostics, and confirmation with 2., the
setting change is complete.
Activation is indicated with a check mark in front of the command.
Follow the same procedure for the command 7HVW0RGH, if this option is desired.
Note:
Remember to change the settings for Block Data Transmission and Test Mode back
to the desired, in-service settings (both typically 2))) when the tests are complete.
7.2.4 Test Mode of the Signal Transmission (optional)
If a protection data interface is provided, the “local test mode” can be selected for re-
vision or commissioning of the teleprotection schemes.
This enables the operation of the signal transmission via the protection data interface
to be tested as follows:
A fault case is simulated in the local device generating the corresponding transmission
signals. The signals are transmitted to the opposite line end with the added message
“Test Mode”. The signals received at the opposite line end are mirrored, i.e. they are
sent back phase segregated from the opposite line end as own signals marked with
“Test Mode”. The local device receives these mirrored test signals and adds them to
its own teleprotection scheme which can use these signals to generate a trip signal if
necessary. No tripping occurs in the devices as the signals have the message “Test
7-38 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
Mode” attached to them and are thus recognized as not relevant for protection purpos-
es.
For mode changeover Password No. 2 is required (for switching/tagging/manual over-
writing). Every mode that has been changed is stored in the device safe from an aux-
iliary voltage failure.
From the With a device ready for operation first press the MENU key. The MAIN MENU appears.
Device Front
Select the item &RQWURO with and move to the selection of control options using
. The selection &21752/ appears.
With select the item 7DJJLQJV and move to the selection of 7$**,1*6 (see Fig-
ure 7-39) using .
Then select the item Set with and move to the next display 6(7 with (see Figure
7-39).
7$**,1*
'LVSOD\²!
!6HW²! 6(7
!/RJRXW !2))
7HVWPRGH 2))
Figure 7-39 Set taggings at the front cover - Example
Using the and keys you can select the mode to be set.
With you indicate your intention to change the corresponding mode. The password
for interlocked switching (No. 2) will then be requested.
Having entered and confirmed the password with ENTER , you can change over to: 21
for mode setting, 2)) for deleting this mode. Every mode can be determined seper-
ately.
Press the ENTER key. Answer the question "$UH\RXVXUH"" with Yes, confirm with
ENTER .
If the feeder is still current-carrying, or if the circuit-breaker is signalled to be closed by
the auxiliary contacts, the device will refuse tag setting for this mode and will show a
corresponding message on the display.
When the mode has been confirmed, testing and revision works can be done as de-
scribed above. As the mode set has been saved as tag message, the auxialiary volt-
age may also be switched off.
With the key you return to the 0($685(0(17 level, with MENU you can return to the
0$,10(18.
In order to change to normal operation proceed in the same way and set the corre-
sponding modes to "2))".
:
From PC with When you doubleclick to open the Online directory in DIGSI® 4 you will see the oper-
DIGSI® 4 ating functions in the left part of the display window (Figure 7-40).
7SA522 Manual 7-39
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
Figure 7-40 Function selection window in DIGSI® 4 - Example
In the Control subdirectory you can click on the Taggings under Function Selection in
the right window.
Doubleclick Taggings. A dialogue box “7DJJLQJ” is opened. (Figure 7-41).
Figure 7-41 Tagging dialogue box
In the "Designation" column the different modes have been listed, "Actual" refers to
the current state with "OFF" meaning that the mode is not effective, "ON" meaning that
it is effective.
By clicking one of buttons under "Setpoint" you can change the desired mode. In a se-
curity query you will be requested to confirm this.
7-40 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
Then you will be requested to enter the password for switching/tagging/substituting. If
you want to make multiple changes, you only have to enter the password before im-
plementing the first action.
Having entered the password, confirm with the "OK" button.
If the feeder is still current-carrying, or if the circuit-breaker has been signalled closed
by the auxiliary contacts, the device refuses tag setting for this mode and displays a
corresponding message on the monitor.
When the mode has been confirmed, testing and revision works can be done as de-
scribed above. As the mode set has been saved as tag indication, the auxiliary voltage
may also be switched off.
7SA522 Manual 7-41
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Control During Operation
7.3 Circuit Breaker Test Function
The circuit breaker and the trip circuits can be tested during normal operation by exe-
cution of a TRIP and CLOSE command via the device.
A prerequisite for this test is that the required test commands were allocated to the cor-
responding command relays during the configuration of the device. It is also possible
to test the individual circuit breaker poles, provided that the device is capable of single-
pole tripping, the circuit breaker is capable of single-pole tripping and that the wiring
and routing has been done accordingly.
A maximum of 4 test programs is available (refer to Table 7-5). For the circuit breaker
CB1 it may be possible to initiate single- and three-pole TRIP/CLOSE cycles. In the
event of three-pole tripping, only item 4 is important.
Table 7-5 Circuit breaker test programs
Item Test Program Operational Messages
1 1-pole TRIP/CLOSE–cycle phase L1 &%²7(6775,3FRPPDQG²2QO\/
2 1-pole TRIP/CLOSE–cycle phase L2 &%²7(6775,3FRPPDQG²2QO\/
3 1-pole TRIP/CLOSE–cycle phase L3 &%²7(6775,3FRPPDQG²2QO\/
4 3-pole TRIP/CLOSE–cycle &%²7(6775,3FRPPDQG/
associated close command &%²7(67&/26(FRPPDQG
In the event that circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are used to derive the switching
state of the circuit breaker via binary inputs to the device, the test cycle can only be
initiated when the circuit breaker is in the closed position.
Note:
For CB Test and automatic re-closure the CB auxiliary contact status derived with the
binary inputs > CB1 ... (FNo. 366 - 371, 410 and 411) is relevant for indicating the CB
switching status. The other binary inputs > CB ... (FNo. 351 - 353, 379 and 380) apply
to the recognition of line status (address 1134) and reset of trip command
(address 1135) which is used by the other protection functions, e.g. echo function,
switch-onto-fault overcurrent etc. For applications with only one CB, both binary input
functions e.g. 366 and 351 can be allocated to the same physical input.
A further prerequisite for the initiation of the test is that no protection function in the
device has picked up, and that the circuit breaker is ready.
The device indicates the status of the test sequence with corresponding messages in
the display or on the monitor of a PC. If the device refuses to run or terminates the test
sequence, it is likely that one of the preconditions for the execution of the test cycle
has not been satisfied. The reason for the refusal or termination is also shown in the
front display or monitor of the PC.
7-42 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
&%7(67UXQQLQJ Circuit breaker test in progress
&%767VWRS)/7 Circuit breaker test cannot be started as a system fault is
present
&%767VWRS23(1 Circuit breaker test cannot be started as the circuit breaker
is not closed
&%767VWRS127U Circuit breaker test cannot be started as the circuit breaker
is not ready
&%767VWRS&/26 Circuit breaker test has been terminated as the CB is still
closed (prior to CB test reclosure)
&%7672. Circuit breaker test cycle has been completed successfully
The following diagram shows the test sequence in principal:
TRIP
CLOSE
T TRIP CMD.MIN. T PAUSE TEST T CLS. CMD MAX. t
Figure 7-42 TRIP-CLOSE test cycle
The initiation of the test is done via the keypad and display on the front of the device
or with a PC running DIGSI® 4. Entry of the password (password No. 4 for test and
diagnostics) is required.
DANGER!
A successful initiation of a test cycle may cause closure of the circuit breaker if
an external reclose device is available!
From the With the device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Select the 7HVW'LDJQRVH option using the key and enter the sub-menu 7(67
',$*126( with the key.
With the key, the &%WHVW (21) is now marked and the test program is selected
with the key.
A prompt for entry of password No. 4 (test and diagnostics) appears. After entry of the
password and confirmation with ENTER , the query “%UHDNHUFORVHG"” appears, with
the default response “Yes” (Figure 7-43). This must be confirmed by pressing the ENTER
key if the circuit breaker is definitely closed.
If circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected and marshalled, the device rejects
the test cycle when the auxiliary contacts indicate that the circuit breaker is not closed,
7SA522 Manual 7-43
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
even if the operator confirms the opposite. Only if no auxiliary contacts are marshalled,
will the device rely on the confirmation by the operator.
If the test cycle should be cancelled, press the key in response to the above query,
so that the answer “1R” is marked. This must be confirmed with the ENTER key. Prior to
the confirmation with the ENTER it is possible to toggle between “Yes” and “1R” with the
and keys. Alternatively, the test sequence may also be cancelled by pressing
the ESC key.
0$,10(18
!6HWWLQJV
>7HVW'LDJQRVH 7(67',$*126(
!6,(0(16LQWHUQ
!&%WHVW
&%7HVW Select the desired test program or press the
!&%WVW/ relevant numeric key to select the desired test
>&%WVW/ sequence.
u.s.w.
6
3:7HVW'LDJQRVH" Enter password Nr. 4 (for test and diagnostics)
ENTER
and confirm with ENTER .
Press the ENTER to confirm with “<HV” and
%UHDNHUFORVHG" thereby execute the selected breaker test cy-
!<HV 1R cle, or change to ”1R” with the key to termi-
nate the test when ENTER is pressed.
After confirmation that the CB is closed, the CB
&%7HVW
test cycle is executed, subsequently a feed-
!&%WVW/ back message stating successful completion
&RQWURO([HFXWHG of the test , or a relevant alarm appears.
Figure 7-43 Circuit breaker trip test cycle from the front of the device
7-44 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
:
From PC with If the 2QOLQH directory in DIGSI® 4 is opened with a double click, the operation func-
DIGSI® 4 tions of the device appear in the left hand side of the window.
By clicking on the 7HVWIXQFWLRQ, a list of the available functions appears on the
right hand side of the display (Figure 7-44).
By a double click on the &LUFXLWEUHDNHUWHVW, a dialogue window is opened in
which the desired test sequence can be marked for selection.
Following a double click, a prompt for the entry of password No. 4 (for test and diag-
nosis) appears.
After entry of the password and confirmation with 2N the test sequence is executed.
In the spontaneous event window, the execution of the test is displayed with the cor-
responding control responses and messages.
Figure 7-44 Circuit breaker trip test in DIGSI® 4
7SA522 Manual 7-45
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Control During Operation
7.4 Control of Switchgear
A SIPROTEC® 4 device 7SA522 contains control functions that allow for opening and
closing of power system switching devices (i.e. circuit breakers). Local control is pos-
sible utilizing different elements of the 7SA522. Breaker control from a remote location
is also possible using the SCADA interface or DIGSI® 4. (Performing control functions
with a PC running DIGSI® 4, connected to the front serial port, is considered a “re-
mote” operation for breaker control purposes.) Some control actions from a 7SA522
include unsynchronized commands for circuit breakers, circuit switchers, ground
switches, etc., and stepping commands for increasing or decreasing transformer LTC
steps.
Safety mechanisms in the command path ensure a command can only take place if
the check of previously defined safety criteria is concluded positively.
Note:
For switchgear contol it is of utmost importance that the corresponding binary inputs
and outputs are configured (according Section 5.2) and maybe interlocking conditi-
ons. The latter serve to create user-configurable logical functions (according to Sec-
tion 5.3) for the device.
If a power system switching device has auxiliary contacts that indicate the position of
the device and these contacts are connected to the 7SA522 and configured as double-
point indications then the switching device provides feedback indication that are mon-
itored for plausibility of control actions. If a switching device does not indicate either
the closed or open position, the display for the switching device indicates an invalid
position in the 7SA522. All subsequent control operations to the equipment are inter-
locked.
Control from a 7SA522 to a power system equipment can originate from four sources:
− Local operation using the operator control panel,
− Binary inputs,
− Remote operation using the SCADA interface,
− Operation with a PC, via the operating interface and DIGSI® 4.
Switching priority for the four command sources is set using the Switching Authority.
For Interlocked Switching, all programmed interlocking conditions are checked before
a control operation is performed. If one of the conditions is not met, then the command
is rejected and an error message is recorded and displayed. Fixed, predefined, stan-
dard interlocking features are implemented in the 7SA522 and can be configured (ac-
tivated) for the specific application. The following tests can be activated (on) or deac-
tivated (off) for a switching device:
• Device Position (check SCHEDULED = ACTUAL comparison).
• Substation controller, to be implemented with Version 4.2,
• Zone controlled (Field interlocking e.g., logic in CFC),
• Blocking by protection (control operations blocked by protective functions),
• Double operation (blocking of multiple control operations),
• Switching authority (Local/Remote),
7-46 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
7.4.1 Display Equipment Position and Control
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO, and go to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection &21752/ appears (See Figure 7-45).
0$,10(18
0HVVXUHPHQW²!
!&RQWURO²! &21752/
!%UHDNHU6ZLWFK²!
7DJJLQJ²!
Figure 7-45 Control Selections from the Front Panel
Select, by means of the key, the item %UHDNHU6ZLWFK, and continue with the
item by pressing the key. The selection %5($.(56:,7&+ appears. See Figure
7-46.
Select'LVSOD\ (default) and press the key. The selection ',63/$< appears, in
which the positions of all planned switching devices can be read out.
%5($.(56:,7&+
!'LVSOD\²! ',63/$<
!&RQWURO²!
!%UHDNHU23(1
!'LVF6ZLW&/26
Figure 7-46 Display of Switch Positions in the HMI (example)
The key can be used to return to %5($.(56:,7&+.
To control a switching device, select the option &RQWURO in the %5($.(56:,7&+
sub-menu and press the key to go to the table of operating resources that can be
controlled. See Figure 7-47. All planned switching devices appear. The actual position
of each switch is displayed first. Use the and keys to move to the desired
switch.
%5($.(56:,7&+
!'LVSOD\²!
!&RQWURO²! &21752/
%UHDNHU!&/26
'LVF6ZLW&/26
*QG6ZLW2))
Figure 7-47 Control of Switching Devices from the Operator Control Panel (example)
Select the switch to be controlled using the and keys and press the ENTER key.
7SA522 Manual 7-47
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Enter Password No. 1 (for interlocked switching) and acknowledge with
the ENTER key. Note: if the switching mode is 121²,17(5/2&.('
7HVW (Sub-section 7.4.7), all switching operations are only possible
with Password No. 2 (for non-interlocked switching).
A new window appears. Depending on the operating and command type
of the selected switching device, various options are offered. Move be-
tween them using the and keys.
&2175
!23(1
36!&/26(21
7UH(VFDSH21
Figure 7-48 Selection Window for Control Operations on the Front Panel (ex-
ample)
To perform control, confirm with the ENTER key. A safety inquiry appears,
“$UH\RXVXUH"”. If the response is “<(6”, the switching operation is
initiated (provided the Local command is allowed). A message is dis-
played and recorded indicating the results of the control action. Acknowl-
edge this by pressing the ENTER key once again.
The command is not executed if the switching operation is restricted. The
operation may be restricted for reasons pertaining to, for example,
switching authority (see Sub-section 7.4.6) or interlocking (see Sub-sec-
tion 7.4.7). A message is displayed and recorded indicating the results of
the control action. Acknowledge the message by pressing the ENTER key.
Parameters to set control properties can be examined in the display. Re-
fer to Sub-section 7.4.4.
The key can be used to return to %5($.(56:,7&+. Press the MENU
key to return to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with When the 2QOLQH window in DIGSI® 4 is opened with a double click, the
DIGSI® 4 operating functions for the device appear in the left part of the window
(Figure 7-34). Clicking on &RQWURO displays the associated function se-
lection in the data window. See Figure 7-49.
7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
Figure 7-49 Window for Control of Operating Resources in DIGSI® 4 (example)
By double clicking on %UHDNHU6ZLWFKHV, a dialog field is opened in which the
present status of each switch is visible. See Figure 7-50. Control can be performed
from this dialog box provided the switching authority is set to 5(027(.
The switching authority is first transferred to DIGSI® 4 at the moment the control win-
dow shown in Figure 7-50 is opened. The configuration matrix discussed in Section
5.2 determines the control devices that have information displayed in this field.
Figure 7-50 Dialog Box for Performing Control in DIGSI® 4 (example)
A description of the switching device is displayed in the left column of the dialog field.
This represents the contents of the /RQJ7H[W column within the configuration ma-
trix.
The actual position of the switch is displayed in the 6WDWXV column (23(1,&/26(,
,QWHUPHGLDW). The switching possibilities are displayed in the 6FKHGXOHG column.
Four control fields are shown in the right part of the dialog field. If a check mark is dis-
played in one of these fields, $% (Access Block = Block Input Acquisition), 7% (Trans-
mission Block = Serial Interface Blocked), 75 (Manual Overwriting), and &% (Chatter
Block), the associated block function is set or the feedback indications of the device
have been simulated.
Normally, operating devices are switched in the LQWHUORFNHG 1RUPDO mode.
The configured interlocking conditions are checked before a control command is car-
ried out. As soon as a control command is entered in the 6FKHGXOHG column, Pass-
word No. 1 for interlocked switching is requested for safety reasons. Further control
possibilities remain possible until the control dialog field is closed, or the switching
mode is changed.
If a control command is successfully executed, then the display of the actual condition
of the affected switch is updated in the window.
Operating resources can be switched without interlocking condition checks; however,
the correct Password No. 2 for non-interlocked switching must be entered. Mark the
option 8QORFN by clicking on the field.
7SA522 Manual 7-49
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Control During Operation
DANGER!
Only highly qualified personnel who have an exact knowledge of the power sys-
tem conditions shall perform non-interlocked switching. Inappropriate switch-
ing operations can lead to death, serious personnel injury and property dam-
age.
7.4.2 Manual Overwriting
When using the Control with Feedback feature, the device checks the feedback in-
dications (i.e. 52-a and 52-b) before and after a control command is issued. If for some
reason, the physical connection from a circuit breaker auxiliary contact to the binary
inputs of the device is broken, inadvertently shorted, or disconnected, commands may
be blocked. If this situation occurs, and the affected switching device is to be operated,
the desired device position indication can be simulated through “manual overwriting”
(Input Tagging). The entered device position indication in the 7SA522 can be used to
simulate and check interlocking conditions.
To accomplish manual overwriting in the 7SA522 the binary inputs of the affected de-
vice must be decoupled first. $% (Access Block = Block Input Acquisition) This decou-
pling of the system is accomplished by setting the respective status. The decoupling
is discussed in Sub-section 7.4.3.
From the To enter the desired position indication for a switching device:
Device Front
With a 7SA522 ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and go to the control functions with
the key. The selection &21752/ appears.
By pressing the key, the %5($.(56:,7&+ sub-menu is entered (see Figure 7-
51).
Select the item 0DQ2YHUZULWH using the key, and move to the next selection
using the key. 0$129(5:5,7( appears, as shown in Figure 7-51.
The actual position of each switching device is displayed. Move to the desired switch
using the and keys.
%5($.(56:,7&+
'LVSOD\³!
&RQWURO²!
!0DQ2YHUZULWH²! 0$129(5:5,7(
6HWVWDWXV³!
%UHDNHU!23(1
'LVF6ZLW&/26
*QG6ZLW23(1
Figure 7-51 Manual Overwriting for Switching Devices from the Front Panel
7-50 7SA522 Manual
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Control During Operation
By pressing the ENTER key, a selection window is opened for the marked switch, in
which manual overwriting can be done with the options 23(1&/26(. See Figure 7-
52.
Make the selection using the and keys, and confirm with the ENTER key.
Enter Password No. 2 (for non-interlocked switching) and acknowledge with the ENTER
key.
0$12
!23(1
!%UH&/26!23(1
!'LVF&/26
Figure 7-52 Selection Window for Manual Overwriting of a Switch Position, Front Panel
A safety inquiry appears: “$UH\RXVXUH"” Provided manual overwriting is allowed,
a response of “<(6” results in an appropriate message on the display. Acknowledge
the message by pressing the ENTER key again.
Manual overwriting is cancelled if the process is restricted because, for example, “LQ
SXWLJQRUHG” is not set (see Sub-section 7.4.3). Manual overwriting is also canceled
if the user aborts the procedure. The display provides an appropriate message if man-
ual overwriting is canceled. Acknowledge the message by pressing the ENTER key.
Return to the %5($.(56:,7&+ sub-menu using the key, or the 0$,10(18 by
pressing the MENU key.
:
From PC with For safety reasons, manual overwriting is only possible locally using the keypad on the
DIGSI® 4 front panel of the device. The feature is not available in DIGSI® 4.
7.4.3 Set Status
A feature of the 7SA522 that is especially useful during testing and commissioning of
the device is the capability of temporarily removing the coupling between a switching
device and the 7SA522, or between the SCADA and the 7SA522, without physically
disconnecting the equipment. This type of separation is also necessary, for instance,
if a switch position feedback message is not functioning properly (refer to Sub-section
7.4.2). The menu item 6(767$786 is used to perform the decoupling.
The menu displays a list of all planned switching devices and associated status infor-
mation identified by a letter. The letters have the following meanings:
• T Device is tagged (manually overwritten).
• I Input ignored, which means the acquisition of an input status is de-coupled from
the process (from the switch-gear).
• B Blocked, which means data transmissions to the central device (or SCADASCA-
DA) are blocked.
• C Chatter block active, which means, because of frequent message changes, the
chatter block was set.
7SA522 Manual 7-51
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Control During Operation
• O Output block active, which means the command output is de-coupled from the
process (from the system).
• – None of the listed limitations is in effect.
Note:
Input ignored (I) only works for physical inputs! Do not set “input ignored” for indica-
tions created by CFC and allocated to the operating level “Manual Overwriting”. Dif-
ferent to physical inputs - they do not provoke decoupling from the system.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and go to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection &21752/ appears.
Enter the %5($.(56:,7&+ menu by pressing the key.
Select the item 6HW6WDWXV with the key and switch to the next option using the
key. 6(767$786 appears, as shown in Figure 7-53.
%5($.(56:,7&+
'LVSOD\³!
&RQWURO²!
!0DQ2YHUZULWH²!
!6HWVWDWXV³! 6(767$786
%UHDNHU7,2
'LVF6ZLW!
*QG6ZLW
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Column
Figure 7-53 Set Status at the Front Panel (example)
Move the cursor, using the and keys, to each of the second (Input Ignore) and
fifth (Control Block) columns of the switching device for which a status change is de-
sired. Entries in this table can only be made in these two columns.
Press the ENTER key. Enter password N° 2 (for interlocked switching) and confirm with
ENTER . A selection window is opened displaying all change options that are available.
The second column is reserved for setting Input Ignore (I); the fifth for setting the out-
put block (O). The first, third, and fourth columns can only be read in this menu.
The example in Figure 7-53 shows the position for the circuit breaker (52) was tagged
(T) after the input ignore (I) was set, which means the message input was de-coupled
from the system. The output block is active (O), so the command output is also de-
coupled from the system. For the disconnect switch and the ground switch, no limita-
tions are set.
Select the desired changes using the and keys, and confirm with the ENTER key.
Enter Password No. 2 (for non-interlocked switching) and acknowledge with the ENTER
key.
7-52 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
A safety inquiry appears: “$UH\RXVXUH"” If the response is “<(6”, and provided
the return routing is allowed, then the display gives an appropriate message.
To return to the %5($.(56:,7&+ level, press the key as necessary. Press the
MENU key to return to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC Us- For safety reasons, Status changes are only possible locally using the keypad on the
ing DIGSI® 4 front panel of the device. Status changes are not possible in DIGSI® 4.
7.4.4 Interlocking
Operating equipment such as circuit breakers, circuit switchers and ground switches
can be subject to interlocking conditions. These conditions can be viewed at the de-
vice under the menu item ,17(5/2&.; however, the conditions cannot be changed.
The Interlock display has an object table similar to the one described for Set Status.
The table provides the set interlocking conditions, which prevent, or could prevent, a
local control operation. Letters identify the interlocking conditions. The meanings of
the letters are:
• L Local/Remote (Switching Authority),
• S Equipment is subject to System Interlocking (in Substation Controller). Com-
mands entered locally are sent to the central computer or controller,
• Z Zone controlled (Field- or Bay-Interlocking),
• P Check switch position (test actual vs. scheduled),
• B Blocking by picked-up protection elements,
• – Non-Interlocked.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and move to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection &21752/ appears.
Select the item ,QWHUORFN with the key and switch to the next selection using the
key. The selection ,17(5/2&. appears. See Figure 7-54.
&21752/
!7DJJLQJ²!!
!,QWHUORFN²! ,17(5/2&.
!%UHDNHU/²=3%
!'LVF6ZLW/²=3%
*QG6ZLW/²=3%
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Column
Figure 7-54 Example of Interlocking Conditions for Switching Equipment, Front Panel
7SA522 Manual 7-53
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
:
From PC with Interlocking is set for each switching device during project planning (see Sub-section
DIGSI® 4 5.2.4) using the matrix and the dialog box “Object Properties”. Readout of the actively
set interlocking is always possible, across the entire path, without a password.
If the 2QOLQH window in DIGSI® 4 is opened with a double click, the operating func-
tions for the device appear in the left part of the window (Figure 7-34). Double clicking
on 6HWWLQJV brings up the function selection in the right side of the window. By dou-
ble clicking on 0DVNLQJ,2, the matrix is opened. Mark the switching device (in the
line for the operating message of the switching device). Using the right mouse key, the
properties of the switching device can now be called up. The conditions for ,QWHU
ORFN6ZLWFKLQJ, among other items, are recognizable in the dialog box that opens.
Active test conditions are identified with a check mark.
7.4.5 Tagging
To identify unusual operating conditions in the power system, tagging can be done.
The tagging can, for example, be entered as additional operating conditions in inter-
locking checks, which are set up with CFC. Tagging is configured in the same way as
for operating devices.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and move to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection &21752/ appears.
Select the item 7DJJLQJ with the key and switch to the next selection using the
key. The selection 7$**,1* appears. See Figure 7-55.
• The status of the tagging is displayed 7DJJLQJ → 'LVSOD\,
or changed using
• 7DJJLQJ → 6HW.
0$,10(18
$QQXQFLDWLRQ²!
0HDVXUHPHQW²!
&RQWURO²! &21752/
%UHDNHU6ZLWFK²!
7DJJLQJ²! 7$**,1*
,QWHUORFN²!
'LVSOD\²!
6HW²!
Figure 7-55 Tagging Equipment from the HMI
Note:
The Manual Overwrite function is always done using the HMI on the SIPROTEC® 4
devices.
7-54 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
7.4.6 Switching Authority
Switching authority determines the command sources that are permitted for control.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and move to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection&21752/ appears.
Here, select the menu item &RQWURO$XWK with the key and switch to the next
selection using the key. The selection &21752/$87+ appears (see Figure 7-56).
&21752/
!,QWHUORFN–> 3
>&RQWURO$XWK–> 4 &21752/$87+
6ZLWFK$XWK!/RFDO
3:8QORFN&RQWURO" Enter password No. 2 (for non-interlocked
ENTER
switching) and acknowledge with ENTER
&21752
!5HPRWH
6ZLWF/RFDO/RFDO ENTER
Figure 7-56 Setting Switching Authority with the Operator Control Panel
Pressing the ENTER key opens a selection window in which the options /2&$/5(027(
are offered.
Choose the desired option using the and keys, and confirm with the ENTER key.
Acknowledge the subsequent message pressing the ENTER key.
Use the key to return to the 6:,7&+$87+ level; the MENU key to return to the 0$,1
0(18.
:
From PC with For safety reasons, switching authority can only be changed locally using the keypad
DIGSI® 4 on the front panel of the device. Switching authority cannot be changed with DIGSI ® 4.
To perform control with DIGSI® 4, switching authority at the device must be set to 5(
027(, or the test conditions for remote control of switching authority must not be set
to active. Switching authority is first transferred to DIGSI® 4 when the control window
(see Figure 7-50) is opened.
7SA522 Manual 7-55
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
7.4.7 Switching Mode
The switching mode can be changed during operation; so, for example, non-inter-
locked switching can be enabled during the commissioning of the installed equipment.
DANGER!
Only highly qualified personnel who have an exact knowledge of the power sys-
tem conditions shall perform non-interlocked switching. Inappropriate switch-
ing operations can lead to death, serious personnel injury and property dam-
age.
From the With a device ready for operation, first press the MENU key. The 0$,10(18 appears.
Device Front
Using the key, select the menu item &RQWURO and move to editing the control func-
tions with the key. The selection &21752/ appears.
Here, select the menu item 6ZLWFK0RGH with the key and switch to the next se-
lection using the key. The selection 6:,7&+02'( appears (see Figure 7-57).
&21752/ 6:,
!,17(5/2&.('
!6ZLWFK$XWK²! ,1121²,17(5/2&.('
!6ZLWFK0RGH²! 12
Figure 7-57 Operating Menu for Switching Mode Using Front Panel
Pressing the ENTER key opens a selection window in which the options ,17(5/2&.('
121,17(5/2&.(' are offered.
Make the choice using the and keys, and confirm with the ENTER key.
Acknowledge the safety inquiry that follows by again pressing the ENTER key. Use the
key to return to the &21752/ level. Press the MENU key to return to the 0$,10(18.
:
From PC with When the 2QOLQH window in DIGSI® 4 is opened with a double click, the operating
DIGSI® 4 functions for the device appear in the left part of the window (Figure 7-34). Clicking on
&RQWUROV brings up the function selection in the right side of the window (Figure 7-
49). By double clicking on %UHDNHU6ZLWFKHV, a dialog field is opened in which,
among other options, the option for interlocked and non-interlocked (Unlock) switching
is offered.
To switch operating resources without a check of the associated interlocking condi-
tions, mark the option 8QORFN by clicking in that field, see section 7.3.1.
To set the switching mode for interlocked switching, the aforementioned option field
must not be marked. The marking is removed by clicking in the field again.
Further switching operations are possible until the dialog field %UHDNHU6ZLWFKHV
is closed, or the switching mode is changed.
7-56 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
7.4.8 Control Messages
In the course of system control, the device generates several messages that docu-
ment the process. For example, messages may be given to report the end of a com-
mand or provide the reason for a command denial. These messages and the associ-
ated causes are listed in Table 7-6, together with other messages for the control of de-
vice functions.
Table 7-6 Possible Control Messages
Message Text Message Cause
6\VWHP(UURU Interruption by system error
0DQ2YHUZULWH2. Return routing carried out
0DQ2YHUZULWH)DLO Return routing cannot be carried out
&RQWURO$ERUW2. Command interruption carried out correctly
&RQWURO$ERUW)DLO Process cannot be interrupted because no command is issued,
command runs in different switching direction, or interruption is not
planned or set up.
&RQWURO([HFXWHG Command was correctly executed and ended
&RQWURO)DLOHG Refusal because the command number or the origination source is
not permitted
,QWHUORFNHG Refusal because the communication interface was blocked or the
command object is blocked by a protective function.
6ZLWFKJU,QWORFNHG Refusal because the command object is subject to field interlock-
ing
6ZLWFKLQ3RVLWLRQ Refusal because the present switch position = command direction
6HWWLQJ(UURU Refusal because of a parameter fault, such as unknown command
type
1RW$XWKRUL]HG Command from ON-SITE refused because command object is
subject to switching authority, which is set to REMOTE
&RQWURO([SLUHG Refusal because command is too old (expiry monitor)
1R&RQWURO'HYLFH Information address is not planned as command output
&RQILJ(UURU Refusal because no relay is assigned to this object, or the relay
jumpered in the device does not exist
&RQWURO%ORFNHG Refusal because an output block is set
6\VWHP2YHUORDG" Refusal because a relay to be controlled is already active (e.g., by
another command)
6: WRQHUURU" Refusal because another relay is already controlled
6\VWHP2YHUORDG No more free timers available
8SSHU6HWW/LPLW For transformer LTC step commands, highest level already
reached
/RZHU6HWW/LPLW For transformer LTC step commands, lowest level already reached
([HFXWLQJ&RQWURO New command refused because a command is already in process-
ing
&RPPDQG7LPHRXW Feedback indication missing
%LQDU\,QS,JQRUHG Recording block set
&KDWWHU$FWLYH Flutter block is active
6HWWLQJDFWLYH Refusal because parameter loading process is running
6WDWXV&KDQJH2. Status FRPPDQGH[HFXWHG
7SA522 Manual 7-57
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Control During Operation
Table 7-6 Possible Control Messages
Message Text Message Cause
6WDWXV&KDQJH)DLO Status command cannot be executed
&KDQJH2. Marking executed
&KDQJH)DLOHG Marking cannot be executed
&KHFNLQJ,QWHUORFN Command is sent to the central unit to check system interlocking
6HWWLQJVDUH2. Parameter change was correctly accepted
7LPH/LPLW([SLUHG Parameter change was interrupted because time expired
7HUPLQDWHG3LFNXS Parameter change interrupted because a fault became active dur-
ing parameterization
5HVWRUH3DUDPHWHUV As a reaction to a fault recognized during parameterization, the last
active parameter set is activated again
3OHDVH:DLW« Initiated process running and requires some time
&KHFNLQJ6HWWLQJV The changed parameters are tested before acceptance
6ZJU)HHGEDFN2. Return message: destination reached
6ZJU)HHGEDFN)DLO Return message: destination not reached
&KDQJH5HMHFWHG Parameter change was rejected (e.g., because time expired, or ab-
normal occurrence during parameterization)
&RQWURO2. Positive conclusion message for commands
9DOXH,QFRUUHFW Plausibility error in command
7.4.9 Other Commands
The device is equipped with a serial interface for connection to the System (SCADA)
interface. From there, the device can receive standardized commands (according to
the supported protocol) and transmit them to the respective switching devices, or ac-
tivate internal functions, e.g. block inputs/outputs or set tags (manual overwrite), or re-
lease processing of functions in the CFC. This command processing is determined
during project planning and configuration of the matrix.
7-58 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning 8
This chapter is primarily for personnel who are experienced in installing, testing, and
commissioning protective and control systems, and are familiar with applicable safety
rules, safety regulations, and the operation of the power system.
Installation of the 7SA522 is described in this chapter. Hardware modifications that
might be needed in certain cases are explained. Connection verifications required be-
fore the device is put in service are also given. Commissioning tests are provided.
Some of the tests require the protected object (line, transformer, etc.) to carry load.
8.1 Mounting and Connections 8-2
8.2 Checking the Connections 8-27
8.3 Commissioning 8-32
8.4 Final Preparation of the Device 8-61
7SA522 Manual 8-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.1 Mounting and Connections
Warning!
The successful and safe operation of the device is dependent on proper handling, in-
stallation, and application by qualified personnel under observance of all warnings and
hints contained in this manual.
In particular the general erection and safety regulations (e.g. IEC, ANSI, DIN, VDE,
EN or other national and international standards) regarding the correct use of hoisting
gear must be observed. Non-observance can result in death, personal injury, or sub-
stantial property damage.
Preconditions Verification of the ratings of the 7SA522 according to Subsection 3.2.1 as well as
matching to ratings of the power equipment must have been completed.
8.1.1 Installation
Panel Flush Depending on the version of the device, the housing width may be 1/2 or 1/1 of a 19
Mounting inch rack. For the size 1/2 (Figure 8-1) there are 4 covers and 4 holes for securing the
device, with size 1/1 (Figure 8-2) there are 6 covers and 6 securing holes.
q Removal of the 4 covers located on the corners of the front cover, for size 1/1 the 2
additional covers located centrally at the top and bottom, reveal the 4 respectively
6 slots in the mounting flange.
q Insert the device into the panel cut-out and fasten with four or six screws. Refer to
Figure 10-5 or 10-6 in Section 10.20 for dimensions.
q Replace the four or six covers.
q Connect the ground on the rear plate of the device to the protective ground of the
panel. Use at least one M4 screw for the device ground. The cross-sectional area
of the ground wire must be greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of any
other control conductor connected to the device. Furthermore, the cross-section of
the ground wire must be at least 2.5 mm2.
q Connect the plug terminals and/or the screwed terminals on the rear side of the de-
vice according to the wiring diagram for the panel.
When using forked lugs or directly connecting wires to screwed terminals, the
screws must be tightened so that the heads are even with the terminal block before
the lugs or wires are inserted.
A ring lug must be centred in the connection chamber so that the screw thread fits
in the hole of the lug.
Section 2.1 has pertinent information regarding wire size, lugs, bending radii, etc.
8-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Elongated
holes SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
0$,10(18 01/04
Annunciation 1
Measuring 2
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
F1 7 8 9
F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Figure 8-1 Panel mounting of a 7SA522 (housing width1/2 of 19 inch rack)
Elongated SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR
holes 7SA522
0$,10(18 01/04
Annunciation 1
Measuring 2
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
F1 7 8 9
F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Figure 8-2 Panel mounting of a 7SA522 (housing width 1/1 of 19 inch rack)
7SA522 Manual 8-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Rack Mounting and In the housing size 1/2 (Figure 8-3) there are 4 covers and 4 securing slots, with the
Cubicle Mounting housing size 1/1 (Figure 8-4) there are 6 covers and 6 securing slots available.
To install the device in a frame or cubicle, two mounting brackets are required. The
ordering codes are stated in the appendix in Section A.1.1.
q Loosely screw the two mounting brackets in the rack with four screws.
q Remove the 4 covers at the corners of the front cover, for size 1/1 the 2 covers lo-
cated centrally at the top and bottom also have to be removed. The 4 respectively.
6 slots in the mounting flange are revealed and can be accessed.
q Fasten the device to the mounting brackets with four or six screws.
q Replace the four or six covers.
q Tighten the mounting brackets to the rack using eight screws.
q Connect the ground on the rear plate of the device to the protective ground of the
rack. Use at least one M4 screw for the device ground. The cross-sectional area of
the ground wire must be greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of any oth-
er control conductor connected to the device. Furthermore, the cross-section of the
ground wire must be at least 2.5 mm2.
Mounting bracket
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
0$,10(18 01/04
Annunciation 1
Measuring 2
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
F1 7 8 9
F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Mounting bracket
Figure 8-3 Installing a 7SA522 in a rack or cubicle (housing width1/2 of 19 inch rack)
8-4 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
SIEMENS SIPROTEC
RUN ERROR 7SA522
0$,10(18 01/04
Annunciation 1
Measuring 2
MENU
LED ESC ENTER
F1 7 8 9
F2 4 5 6
F3 1 2 3
F4 0 +/-
Figure 8-4 Installing a 7SA522 in a rack or cubicle (housing width1/1 of 19 inch rack)
q Connect the plug terminals and/or the screwed terminals on the rear side of the de-
vice according to the wiring diagram for the rack.
When using forked lugs or directly connecting wires to screwed terminals, the
screws must be tightened so that the heads are even with the terminal block before
the lugs or wires are inserted.
A ring lug must be centred in the connection chamber so that the screw thread fits
in the hole of the lug.
Section 2.1 has pertinent information regarding wire size, lugs, bending radii, etc.
Panel Surface q Secure the device to the panel with four screws. Refer to Figure 10-7 or 10-8 in Sec-
Mounting tion 10.20 for dimensions.
q Connect the ground of the device to the protective ground of the panel. The cross-
sectional area of the ground wire must be greater than or equal to the cross-sec-
tional area of any other control conductor connected to the device. Furthermore, the
cross-section of the ground wire must be at least 2.5 mm2.
q Solid, low-impedance operational grounding (cross-sectional area ≥ 2.5 mm2) must
be connected to the grounding surface on the side. Use at least one M4 screw for
the device ground.
q Make the connections according to the circuit diagram via the screwed-type termi-
nals. Fibre-optic cables and electrical communication modules are connected at the
inclined housings. Section 2.2 has pertinent information regarding wire size, lugs,
bending radii, etc.
7SA522 Manual 8-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.1.2 Termination variants
Outline diagrams are shown in Appendix A.2. Connection examples for current and
voltage transformer circuits are provided in Appendix A.3. It must be checked that the
setting configuration of the 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD 36\VWHP'DWD corre-
sponds with the connections to the device.
Currents The Figures A-15 to A-18 show examples of the current transformer connection op-
tions.
For the normal connection according to Figure A-15 address must be set to,
WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSURWOLQH, and furthermore address must be set to ,
,SK&7 = .
For the connection as shown in Figure A-16 the setting of address must also be
,WUDQVIRUPHU = ,QSURWOLQH. The factor ,,SK&7 may deviate from
1. For notes on how to calculate the factor, refer to Sub-section 6.1.1 under “Current
Transformer Connection”.
In Figure A-17 an example of the connection of the earth current of a parallel line is
shown (for parallel line compensation). In address ,WUDQVIRUPHU the setting
option ,QSDUDOOLQH must be set. The factor ,,SK&7 may deviate from
1. For notes on how to calculate the factor, refer to Sub-section 6.1.1.
In Figure A-18 an example of the connection of the earth current of a source trans-
former is shown. In address ,WUDQVIRUPHU the setting option ,<VWDU
SRLQW must be set. Notes regarding the factor ,,SK&7 may again be found
in Sub-section 6.1.1.
Voltages The Figures A-19 to A-21 show examples of the voltage transformer connection op-
tions.
For the normal connection as shown in Figure A-19 the 4th voltage measuring input
U4 is not used. Correspondingly the address must be set to 8WUDQVIRUPHU =
1RWFRQQHFWHG.The factor in address 8SK8GHOWD must however be set to
1.73 (this factor is used internally for the conversion of measurement and fault record-
ing values).
Figure A-20 shows an example of the additional connection of an e–n winding of the
set of voltage transformers. address must in this case be set to 8WUDQVIRUP
HU =8GHOWDWUDQVIThe factor in address 8SK8GHOWDis dependent on
the ratio of the e–n winding. Notes may be referred to in Sub-section 6.1.1 under “Volt-
age Transformer Connection”.
Figure A-21 shows an example of the connection of a different voltage, in this case the
busbar voltage (e.g. for overvoltage protection). For overvoltage protection address
must be set to 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8[WUDQVIRUPHU. The factor address
8OLQH8V\QF is always equal to 1 unless the lineside VT and busbarside VT have
a different transformation ratio. The factor in address 8SK8GHOWD must be
1.73 (this factor is used internally for the conversion of measurement and fault record-
ing values).
Binary Inputs and The configuration of the binary in and outputs, i.e. the individual adaptation to the plant
Outputs conditions, is described in Section 5.2. The connections to the plant are dependent on
this actual configuration.
8-6 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Changing Setting If binary inputs are used to switch setting groups, note:
Groups with Binary
• Two binary inputs must be dedicated to the purpose of changing setting groups
Inputs
when four groups are to be switched. One binary input must be set for “!6HW
*URXS%LW”, the other input for “!6HW*URXS%LW”. If either of these input
functions is not assigned, then it is considered as not controlled.
• To control two setting groups, one binary input set for “!6HW*URXS%LW” is
sufficient since the binary input “!6HW*URXS%LW”, which is not assigned, is
considered to be not controlled.
• The status of the signals controlling the binary inputs to activate a particular setting
group must remain constant as long as that particular group is to remain active.
Table 8-1 shows the relationship between “!6HW*URXS%LW”, “!6HW*URXS%LW
”, and the setting groups A to D. Principal connection diagrams for the two binary in-
puts are illustrated in Figure 8-5. The figure illustrates an example in which both Set
Group Bits 0 and 1 are configured to be controlled (actuated) when the associated bi-
nary input is energized (high).
Table 8-1 Setting group selection with binary inputs — example
Binary Input Events
!6HW*URXS%LW !6HW*URXS%LW Active Group
no no Group A
yes no Group B
no yes Group C
yes yes Group D
no = not energized
yes = energized
Selector switch for
setting group
A
B
L–
L+ C
D Binary input set for:
“!6HW*URXS%LW”, High
A 6$
B
L+ C
L–
D
Binary input set for:
”!6HW*URXS%LW”, High
Figure 8-5 Connection diagram (example) for setting group switching with binary inputs
7SA522 Manual 8-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Trip Circuit Super- It must be noted that two binary inputs or one binary input and one bypass resistor R
vision must be connected in series. The pick-up threshold of the binary inputs must therefore
be substantially below half the rated control DC voltage.
If two binary inputs are used for the trip circuit supervision, these binary inputs must
be potential free i.o.w. not be commoned with each other or with another binary input.
If one binary input is used, a bypass resistor R must be employed (refer to Figure 8-
6). This resistor R is connected in series with the second circuit breaker auxiliary con-
tact (Aux2), to also allow the detection of a trip circuit failure when the circuit breaker
auxiliary contact 1 (Aux1) is open, and the command relay contact has reset. The val-
ue of this resistor must be such that in the circuit breaker open condition (therefore
Aux1 is open and Aux2 is closed) the circuit breaker trip coil (TC) is no longer picked
up and binary input (BI1) is still picked up if the command relay contact is open.
UCTR
L+ 7SA522
FNr
UBI TripC1 TripRel
7SA522
RTC
Legend:
RTC — Relay Tripping Contact
CB — Circuit Breaker
R TC — circuit breaker Trip Coil
Aux1 — circuit breaker Auxiliary contact
(closed when CB is closed)
TC Aux1 Aux2 Aux2 — circuit breaker Auxiliary contact
CB (closed when CB is open)
R — bypass Resistor
UCTR — Control voltage (trip voltage)
UBI — input voltage for Binary Input
L–
Figure 8-6 Trip circuit supervision with one binary input – example for trip circuit
This results in an upper limit for the resistance dimension, Rmax, and a lower limit Rmin,
from which the optimal value of the arithmetic mean should be selected.
R max + R min
R = ---------------------------------
2
In order that the minimum voltage for controlling the binary input is ensured, Rmax is
derived as:
U CRT – U BI min
R max = -------------------------------------- – R CBTC
I BI (High)
8-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
So the circuit breaker trip coil does not remain energized in the above case, Rmin is
derived as:
U CTR – U TC (LOW)
R min = R TC ⋅ -----------------------------------------------
U TC (LOW)
IBI (HIGH) Constant current with BI on
UBI min Minimum control voltage for BI
=17 V for delivery setting for nominal voltage of 24/48/60 V;
=73 V for delivery setting for nominal voltage of 110/125/220/250 V;
= 154V for delivery setting for nominal voltage of 220/250 V
UCTR Control voltage for trip circuit
RCBTC DC resistance of circuit breaker trip coil
UCBTC (LOW) Maximum voltage on the circuit breaker trip coil that does not lead to tripping
If the calculation results that Rmax < Rmin, then the calculation must be repeated, with
the next lowest switching threshold UBI min, and this threshold must be implemented
in the relay using plug-in bridges (see Sub-section 8.1.3).
For the power consumption of the resistance:
U CTR 2
P R = I ⋅ R = ---------------------------- ⋅ R
2
R + R CBTC
Example:
IBI (HIGH) 1.7 mA (from SIPROTEC® 7SA522)
UBI min 17 V for delivery setting for nominal voltage 24/48/60 V
73 V or delivery setting for nominal voltage 110/125/220/250 V
154V for delivery setting for nominal voltage of 220/250 V
UCTR 110 V (from system / release circuit)
RCBTC 500 Ω (from system / release circuit)
UCBTC (LOW) 2 V (from system / release circuit)
R max = ---------------------------------- – 500 Ω
110 V – 16 V
1.7 mA
R min = 500 Ω ------------------------------ – 500 Ω
110 V – 2 V
2V
R max = 54.8 kΩ
R min = 27 kΩ
R max + R min
R = -------------------------------- = 40.9 kΩ
2
The closest standard value of 39 kΩ is selected; the power is:
2
P R = ---------------------------------------- ⋅ 39 kΩ
110 V
39 kΩ + 0.5 kΩ
P R ≥ 0.3 W
7SA522 Manual 8-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.1.3 Hardware Modifications
8.1.3.1 General
Hardware modifications might be necessary or desired. For example, a change of the
pick-up threshold for some of the binary inputs might be advantageous in certain ap-
plications. Terminating resistors might be required for the communication bus. In ei-
ther case, hardware modifications are needed. The modifications are done with jump-
ers on the printed circuit boards inside the 7SA522. Follow the procedures described
in Subsubsection 8.1.3.2 to 8.1.3.5, whenever hardware modifications are done.
Power Supply There are different ranges for the power supply voltage of the various power supplies.
Voltage Refer to the data for the 7SA522 ordering numbers in Section A.1 of the Appendix. The
power supplies with the ratings DC 60/110/125 V and DC 110/125/220 V, AC115 V are
interconvertible. Jumper settings determine the rating. The assignment of these jump-
ers to the supply voltages are illustrated below, under “Input/Output Board C-I/O-1 and
C-I/O-10”. When the relay is delivered, these jumpers are set according to the name-
plate sticker. Generally, they need not be altered.
Life Contact The life contact of the device is a changeover contact from which either the NC contact
or the NO contact can be connected to the device connections F3 and F4 (or
corresponding terminals on housings for panel surface mounting) via a plug-in jumper
(X40). The assignment of the plug-in jumper to the type of contact and the location of
the jumper is described in Subsubsection 8.1.3.3, see “Input/Output Board C-I/O-1
and C-I/O-10”.
Nominal Currents Jumper settings determine the rating of the current input transducers of the device.
When the relay is delivered, these jumpers are set according to the name-plate sticker
to 1 A or 5 A. The physical arrangements of these jumpers that correspond to the dif-
ferent current ratings are described below, “Input/Output Board C-I/O-2”. All jumpers
must be in the same position, i.e. there must be one jumper each (X61 to X64) for
each of the input transformers, and the common jumper X60.
If the highly sensitive current input is fitted, jumper X64 is omitted (refer to table 8-8).
Note:
If nominal current ratings are changed exceptionally, then the new ratings must be
registered in address &76(&21'$5< in the 3RZHU6\VWHP'DWD 36\V
WHP'DWD (see Subsection 6.1.1).
Control Voltages When the device is delivered from the factory, the binary inputs are set to operate with
for Binary Inputs a DC control voltage that corresponds to the rated DC voltage of the power supply. In
general, to optimize the operation of the inputs, the pick-up voltage of the inputs
should be set to most closely match the actual control voltage being used. Each binary
input has a pick-up voltage that can be independently adjusted; therefore, each input
can be set according to the function performed.
A jumper position is changed to adjust the pick-up voltage of a binary input. The phys-
ical arrangement of the binary input jumpers in relation to the pick-up voltages is ex-
plained below, “Input/Output Board C-I/O-1 and C-I/O-10”.
8-10 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Note:
If the 7SA522 performs trip circuit monitoring, two binary inputs, or one binary input
and a resistor, are connected in series. The pick-up voltage of these inputs must be
less than half of the nominal DC voltage of the trip circuit.
Type of Contact for Input and output boards can contain relays of which the contact can be set as
Binary Outputs normally closed or normally open contact. Therefore it is necessary to rearrange a
jumper. The paragraph “Input/Output Board C-I/O-1 and C-I/O-10” and “Input/Output
Board C-I/O-2” describes to which type of relays in which boards this applies.
Replacing Only serial interfaces of devices for panel and cubicle mounting as well as of mounting
Interfaces devices with detached operator panel are replaceable. For more details on this matter
refer to “Replacing Interfaces”.
Termination of If the device is equipped with a serial RS485 port or Profibus, they must be terminated
Serial Interfaces with resistors at the last device on the bus to ensure reliable data transmission. For
this purpose, the printed circuit board of the RS485 or Profibus interface module are
provided with terminating resistors that can be connected to the system by means of
jumpers. The position of the jumpers on the interface modules are described in
Subsubsection 8.1.3.4, see “Interface RS485” and”Interface Profibus”. Both jumpers
must always be plugged in the same way.
As delivered from the factory, the resistors are switched out.
8.1.3.2 Disassembly of the Device
If changes on jumper settings are required, e.g. control or removing and plugging of
jumpers or replacing printed circuit boards, proceed as follows:
Caution!
Jumper-setting changes that affect nominal values of the device render the ordering
number and the corresponding nominal values on the nameplate sticker invalid. If
such changes are necessary, the changes should be clearly and fully noted on the de-
vice. Self adhesive stickers are available that can be used as replacement name-
plates.
The allocation of the boards in the housing size 1/2 is shown in Figure 8-7, for housing
size 1/1 refer to Figure 8-8.
o Prepare area of work. Provide a grounded mat for protecting components subject to
damage from electrostatic discharges (ESD). The following equipment is needed:
− screwdriver with a 5 to 6 mm wide tip,
− #1 Phillips screwdriver,
− 4.5 mm socket or nut driver.
o Unfasten the screw-posts of the D-subminiature connector on the back panel at loca-
tion “A”. This activity does not apply if the device is for surface mounting.
7SA522 Manual 8-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
o If the device has more communication interfaces, the screws located diagonally to the
interfaces must be removed. This activity is not necessary if the device is for surface
mounting.
o Remove the four or six caps on the front cover and loosen the screws that become
accessible.
o Carefully pull off the front cover. The front cover is connected to the CPU board with
a short ribbon-cable.
o Refer to Figures 8-7 and 8-8 for the physical arrangement of the printed boards.
Caution!
Electrostatic discharges through the connections of the components, wiring, plugs,
and jumpers must be avoided. Wearing a grounded wrist strap is preferred. Otherwise,
first touch a grounded metal part.
o At one end, disconnect the ribbon-cable between the front cover and the CPU board
C–CPU–1 (å). To disconnect the cable, push up the top latch of the plug connector
and push down the bottom latch of the plug connector. Carefully set aside the front
cover.
o Disconnect the ribbon-cables between the CPU board C–CPU–1 (å) and the I/O
boards C–I/O–1 and C–I/O–2 (ê).
o Remove the boards and set them on the grounded mat to protect them from ESD dam-
age. A greater effort is required to withdraw the CPU board C–CPU–1, especially in
versions of the device for surface-mounting, because of the communication connec-
tors.
o Check the jumpers according to Figures 8-9 to 8-16 and to the following remarks.
Change or remove the jumpers as necessary.
o The order of the boards for housing size 1/2 is shown in figure 8-7,
for housing size 1/1 refer to figure 8-8.
8-12 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
1 Processor printed circuit board C–CPU–1
Prozessorbaugruppe
2 Input/output printed circuit board C–I/O–1
with power supply
3 Input/output printed circuit board C–I/O–2
(transducers)
Slot 5 Slot 19 Slot 33
1 2 3 7SA522∗–∗A/E/J
BI1 to Binary inputs (BI)
BI8
Figure 8-7 Front view of the device with housing size 1/2 after removal of the front cover (simpli-
fied and scaled down)
7SA522 Manual 8-13
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
1 Processor p. c. b. C–CPU–1
2 Input/output p. c. b. C–I/O–1
3 Input/output p. c. b. C–I/O–2
4 Input/output p. c. b. C–I/O–10
1 42 1 42
Slot 5 Slot 19 Slot 33 Slot 19 Slot 33
1 2 2 3
7SA522∗–∗C/G/L
BI1 to BI9 to Binary Inputs (BI)
BI8 BI16
1 2 2 2 3
BI17 to BI1 to BI9 to 7SA522∗–∗D/H/M
Binary Inputs (BI)
BI24 BI8 BI16
1 2 4 3
BI1 to BI9 to 7SA522∗–∗N/Q/S
BI8 BI16 Binary Inputs (BI)
1 2 2 4 3
BI17 to BI1 to BI9 to 7SA522∗–∗P/R/T
Binary Inputs (BI)
BI24 BI8 BI16
Figure 8-8 Front view of the device with housing size 1/1 after removal of the front cover (simplified and scaled down)
8-14 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.1.3.3 Jumper Settings on Printed Circuit Boards
Input/Output Board The layout of the printed circuit board for the input/output boards C-I/O–1 and C-I/O-10
C-I/O-1 and C-I/O-10 is illustrated in Figure 8-9 and 8-10.
o The power supply is situated
for housing size 1/2 on the input/output board I/O–1 ( in Figure 8-7, slot 19),
for housing size 1/1 on the input/output board I/O–1 ( in Figure 8-8, slot 33 left).
The preset rated voltage of the integrated power supply is checked according to Table
8-2, the quiescent state of the life contact is checked according to Table 8-3.
Table 8-2 Jumper settings for the nominal voltage of the integrated power supply on the
input/output board C–I/O–1 with power supply
Jumper Nominal voltage
DC 60/110/125 V DC 110/125/220/250 V DC 24/48 V
AC 115 V
X51 1–2 2–3 Jumpers
X52 1–2 and 3–4 2–3 X51 to X53
X53 1–2 2–3 are not fitted
Can be interchanged Not changeable
Table 8-3 Jumper setting for the quiescent state of the life contact on the
input/output board I/O–1 with power supply
Jumper Open in the quiescent state Closed in the quiescent state Presetting
X40 1–2 2–3 2–3
o Depending on the device version the contacts of some binary outputs can be changed
from from normally open to normally closed operation (see also in Appendix, Section
A.2).
The following outputs can be modified:
Version 7SA522∗∗–∗D/H/M (housing size 1/1 with 32 binary outputs)
BO16 and BO24 (Figure 8-8, slot 19 left and right);
Version 7SA522∗∗–∗C/G/L (housing size 1/1 with 24 binary outputs)
BO16 (Figure 8-8, slot 19 right);
Version 7SA522∗∗–∗P/R/T (housing size 1/1 with 32 binary outputs and acceleration)
BO24 (Figure 8-8, slot 19 left).
7SA522 Manual 8-15
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Table 8-4 shows the jumper settings for the contact mode.
Table 8-4 Jumper settings for the contact mode of outputs BO16 and BO24 on the input/output board I/O–1
Device version printed circuit Open in quiescent Closed in quiescent state
for Jumper Presetting
7SA522∗∗–∗ board state (NO) (NC)
D/H/M slot 19 left BA16 X40 1–2 2–3 1–2
slot 19 right BA24 X40 1–2 2–3 1–2
C/G/L slot 19 right BA16 X40 1–2 2–3 1–2
P/R/T slot 19 left BA24 X40 1–2 2–3 1–2
3
2
1
X51
F1
X40
1
2
3
3
2
1
X53
not available for C–I/O–1
without PS
X52
4
3
2
1
X22
X21
LMH
X24
X23
LMH
X26
X25
LMH
X28
X27
LMH
X30
X29
LMH
X73 (AD2) not available for C–I/O–1
X72 (AD1)
with PS
X32
X31
X71 (AD0)
LMH
H L
X34
X33
LMH
X36
X35
LMH
Figure 8-9 IInput/output module C–I/O–1 with representation of the jumper settings required
for the module configuration
8-16 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
X22
X21
LMH
X24
X23
LMH
X26
X25
LMH
X28
X27
LMH
X30
X29
LMH
X73 (AD2)
X72 (AD1)
X32
X31
X71 (AD0)
LMH
H L
X34
X33
LMH
X36
X35
LMH
Bild 8-10 Input/output module C–I/O–10 with representation of the jumper settings required
for the module configuration
o Check of the control voltage of the binary inputs:
BI1 to BI8 (for housing size 1/2) according to Table 8-5,
BI1 to BI24 (for housing size 1/1depending on version) according to Table 8-6.
7SA522 Manual 8-17
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Table 8-5 Jumper settings for the Pick-up Voltages of the binary inputs BI1 through BI8,
BI9 through BI16, and BI17 through BI24 on the input/output board C–I/O–1
Binary Inputs Jumper 17 VDC 73 VDC 154 VDC
Pick-up 1) Pick-up 2) Pick-up 3)
BI1 BI9 BI17 X21/X22 L M H
BI2 BI10 BI18 X23/X24 L M H
BI3 BI11 BI19 X25/X26 L M H
BI4 BI12 BI20 X27/X28 L M H
BI5 BI13 BI21 X29/X30 L M H
BI6 BI14 BI22 X31/X32 L M H
BI7 BI15 BI23 X33/X34 L M H
BI8 BI16 BI24 X35/X36 L M H
1
) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 24 VDC to 125 VDC
2) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 110 VDC to 250 VDC and 115 VAC
3
) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 220 VDC to 250 VDC and 115 VAC
Tabelle 8-6 Jumper setting of control voltages of binary inputs BI1 to BI24 on the binary in-
put/output boards C– I/O–1 for housing size 1/1
Binary Inputs
Threshold Threshold Threshold
Slot 33 Slot 19 Slot 19 Jumper
17 V 1) 73 V 2) 154 V 3)
left right left
BI1 BI9 BI17 X21/X22 L M H
BI2 BI10 BI18 X23/X24 L M H
BI3 BI11 BI19 X25/X26 L M H
BI4 BI12 BI20 X27/X28 L M H
BI5 BI13 BI21 X29/X30 L M H
BI6 BI14 BI22 X31/X32 L M H
BI7 BI15 BI23 X33/X34 L M H
BI8 BI16 BI24 X35/X36 L M H
1
) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 24 VDC to 125 VDC
2) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 110 VDC to 250 VDC and 115 VAC
3
) Factory settings for devices with power supply voltages of 220 VDC to 250 VDC and 115 VAC
8-18 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Table 8-7 Jumper setting of printed circuit board addresses of binary input/output
boards C-I/O-1 or C-I/O-10 for housing size 1/2
Jumper Mounting Mounting
location location
Slot 19 Slot 19
left right
X71 H L
X72 L L
X73 H H
7SA522 Manual 8-19
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Input/Output Board The layout of the printed circuit board for the input/output boards C-I/O–2 is illustrated
C-I/O-2 in Figure 8-11.
3
2
1
X41
X71 X72 X73
(AD0)
1
2
3
(AD1)
1
2
3
(AD2)
L
H
X60
5A 3
2
1A 1
X61
5A 3
2
1A 1
T6 T5
X62
1A 1
2
5A 3
T7 T8
X63
X64
1A 1
2
5A 3
5A 3
2
1A 1
Figure 8-11 Input/output module C–I/O–2 with representation of the jumper settings required
for the module configuration
The contact of the relay for the binary output BO13 can be configured as NO or NC
contact (see also General Diagrams in Appendix A, Section A.2).
Mounting location:
for housing size 1/2 ê in Figure 8-7, slot 33,
for housing size 1/1 ê in Figure 8-8, slot 33 right.
8-20 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Table 8-8 Jumper setting for the quiescent state of the output relay R13
Jumper Quiescent state open Quiescent state closed Presetting
(NO contact) (NC contact)
X41 1–2 2–3 1–2
The set nominal currents of the current input transformers are checked on the input/
output board C–I/O–2. All jumpers must be set to the same nominal current, i.e. one
jumper for each input transformer (X61 to X64) and one common jumper X60.
However: There is no jumper X64 for the version with sensitive earth current input
(input transformer T8).
The jumpers X71, X72 and X73 on the input/output board C–I/O–2 are for setting the
bus address and must not be changed. Table 8-9 lists the jumper presettings.
Mounting location:
for housing size 1/2 ê in Figure 8-7, slot 33,
for housing size 1/1 ê in Figure 8-8, slot 33 right.
Table 8-9 Jumper setting of printed circuit board addresses of binary input/output
boards C-I/O-2
Jumper Presetting
X71 1–2 (H)
X72 1–2 (H)
X73 2–3 (L)
7SA522 Manual 8-21
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.1.3.4 Interface Modules
Replacing Interface modules can be replaced. Figure 8-12 shows the printed circuit board
Interface Modules C–CPU–1 and the interface modules.
Mounting location
(rear side of housing)
Protection data interface 2 E
Protection data interface 1 D
Service interface C
System interface B
Figure 8-12 Processor board C–CPU–1 and the interface modules (max. complement)
Please note the following:
• Only interface modules of devices with flush mounting housing can be replaced. In-
terface modules of devices with surface mounting housing must be replaced in our
manufacturing centre.
• Use only interface modules that can be ordered via an ordering number at our man-
ufacturing centre (see also Appendix A.1).
8-22 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
• For interfaces with bus capability, ensure that the bus termination is correct (if ap-
plicable); see margin heading “Interface RS485”.
Tabelle 8-10 Exchange interface modules for devices with flush mounted housing
Interfacee Mounting Location Austauschmodul
System Interfacee B only interface modules that can
Protection Data Inter- be ordered as an option of the
C device (see Appendix A.1.1).
face
Protection Data Inter- D
face 1 FO5 to FO8
Protection Data Inter- E
face 2
The order numbers of the exchange modules can be found in the Appendix in Section
A.1.1, Accessories.
Interface RS232 The interface RS232 can be modified to interface RS485, according to Figure 8-14.
Figure 8-12 shows the printed circuit board C–CPU–1 and the interface modules. Fi-
gure 8-13 shows the location of the jumpers of interface RS232 on the interface mo-
dule.
Terminating resistors are not required. They are disconnected.
1 2 3
X3
8X
1 X6
2 X7
3 X4
Terminating Resistors X12 X5
Jumper disconnected 1 2 3 1 2 3
1
X11
2
X3 1–2 *) 3
X10
X4 1–2 *) 1 2 3 1
2
3
X13
*) Default Setting
C53207-
A324-B180
Figure 8-13 Location of the jumpers for configuration of RS232
With jumper X11, CTS is activated which is necessary for the communication with the
modem.
Tabelle 8-11 Jumper setting of CTS (Clear-To-Send) on the interface module
Jumper /CTS from interface RS232 /CTS triggered by /RTS
X11 1–2 2–3 *)
*) Default Setting
7SA522 Manual 8-23
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Jumper setting 2–3: the connection to the modem is usually done with star coupler
or optical fibre converter. Therefore the modem control signal according to RS232
standard DIN 66020 is not available. Modem signals are not required since communi-
cation to SIPROTEC® devices is always carried out in the half duplex mode. Use
connetion cable with ordering number 7XV5100–4.
Jumper setting 1–2: this setting makes the modem signal available, i. e. for a direct
RS232-connection between the SIPROTEC® device and the modem this setting can
be selected optionally. We recommend to use a standard RS232 modem connection
cable (converter 9-pole on 25-pole).
Note: For a direct connection to DIGSI® 4 with interface RS232 jumper X11 must be
plugged in position 2–3.
Interface RS485 Interface RS485 can be modified to interface RS232 according to Figure 8-13.
Busbar capable interfaces require a termination at the last device of the bus, i.e. ter-
minating resistors must be connected. For 7SA522 this applies to the variant with in-
terface RS485.
The terminating resistors are located on the corresponding interface module that is
mounted to the processor input/output board C–CPU–1. Figure 8-12 shows the print-
ed circuit board of the C–CPU–1 and the order the modules are mounted.
The module for interface RS485 is illustrated in Figure 8-14, the module for Profibus
in Figure 8-15.
For the configuration of the terminating resistors both jumpers have to be plugged in
the same way.
With default setting, jumpers are plugged in such a way that terminating resistors are
disconnected.
1 2 3
X3
8X
1 X6
2 X7
3 X4
Terminating Resistors X12 X5
Jumper 1 2 3 1 2 3
connected disconnected 1
X11
2
3
X3 2–3 1–2 *) X10
1 2 3 1
X4 2–3 1–2 *) 2
3
X13
*) Default Setting
C53207-
A324-B180
Figure 8-14 Location of jumpers for the configuration of terminating resistors of interface
RS485
8-24 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
Interface Profibus
C53207-A322- 2 3 4
B100
B101
Jum- Terminating Resistors
3 2 1
pers connected disconnected X4
X3 1–2 2–3 *)
3 2 1
X4 1–2 2–3 *) X3
*) Default Setting
Figure 8-15 Location of jumpers for the configuration of terminating resistors at the interface
Profibus
The terminating resistors can also be connected externally (e.g. to the connection
module) as illustrated in Figure 8-16. In this case, the terminating resistors located on
the RS485 or the Profibus interface module must be disconnected.
+5 V
392 Ω
A/A´
221 Ω
B/B´
392 Ω
Figure 8-16 Termination of interface RS485 (external)
8.1.3.5 To Reassemble the Device
To reassemble the device, proceed as follows:
o Carefully insert the boards into the case. The installation locations of the boards are
shown in Figure 8-7 and 8-8.
For the model of the device designed for surface mounting, use the metal lever to in-
sert the C–CPU–1 board. The installation is easier with the lever.
o First insert the plug connectors on the ribbon cable in the input/output modules I/O and
then on the processor module C–CPU–1. Be careful not to bend any of the connecting
pins! Do not use force!
o Insert the plug connector of the ribbon cable between the processor module C–CPU–
1 and the front cover in the socket on the front cover.
o Press the latches of the plug connectors together.
o Replace the front cover and secure to the housing with the screws.
o Replace the covers.
7SA522 Manual 8-25
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
o Re-fasten the interfaces on the rear of the device housing.
This activity is not necessary if the device is for surface mounting. The terminating re-
sistors can also be connected externally (e.g. to the connection module) as illustrated
in Figure 8-16. In this case, the terminating resistors located on the RS485 or the Profi-
bus interface module or the resistors located directly on the processor circuit board C–
CPU–2 must be disconnected.
8-26 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
8.2 Checking the Connections
8.2.1 Data Connections
The following tables list the pin-assignments for the various serial interfaces of the de-
vice and the time synchronization interface.
PC Operating Inter- When the recommended communication cable is used, correct physical connection
face at Front between the SIPROTEC® device and the PC is automatically ensured. See the Ap-
pendix, Sub-section A.1.3 for an ordering description of the cable.
System (SCADA) When a serial interface of the device is connected to a central substation control sys-
Interface tem, the data connection must be checked. A visual check of the transmit channel and
the receive channel is important. Each connection is dedicated to one transmission di-
rection. The data output of one device must be connected to the data input of the other
device, and vice versa.
The data cable connections are designated in sympathy with DIN 66020 and ISO
2110 (see also Table 8-13):
− TxD data transmit
− RxD data receive
− RTS request to send
− CTS clear to send
− DGND signal/chassis ground
The cable shield is to be grounded at only one end so that potential differences cannot
cause circulating currents to flow along the shield.
The physical arrangement of the connectors is illustrated in Sub-section 2.1.5, Figure
2-16.
Table 8-12 Installation of the D-subminiature ports
Pin-No. Operating RS232 RS485 Profibus FMS/DP Slave, DNP3.0, RS485
interface RS485
1 Shield (with shield ends electrically connected)
2 RxD RxD – – –
3 TxD TxD A/A' (RxD/TxD–N) B/B' (RxD/TxD–P) A
4 – – – CNTR–A (TTL) RTS (TTL level)
5 GND GND C/C' (GND) C/C' (GND) GND1
6 – – – +5 V (max. load 100 mA) VCC1
7 RTS RTS –*) – –
8 CTS CTS B/B' (RxD/TxD–P) A/A' (RxD/TxD–N) B
9 – – – – –
*) Pin 7 also may carry the RS232 RTS signal to an RS485 interface. Pin 7 must therefore
not be connected!
7SA522 Manual 8-27
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Installation and Commissioning
RS 485 The RS485 interface is capable of half-duplex service with the signals A/A’ and B/B’
Termination with a common relative potential C/C’ (DGND). Verify that only the last device on the
bus has the terminating resistors connected, and that the other devices on the bus do
not. The jumpers for the terminating resistors are on the interface module RS 485
(Figure 8-14) or on the Profibus module (Figure 8-15). The terminating resistors can
also be connected externally (Figure 8-16).
If the bus is extended, make sure again that only the last device on the bus has the
terminating resistors switched in, and that all other devices on the bus do not.
Time Either 5 VDC, 12 VDC or 24 VDC time synchronization signals can be processed if the
Synchronization connections are made as indicated in Table 8-13.
Interface
Table 8-13 Pin-assignments for the D-subminiature port of the time synchronization
interface
Pin-No. Designation Signal meaning
1 P24_TSIG Input 24 V
2 P5_TSIG Input 5 V
3 M_TSIG Return Line
4 M_TSYNC*) Return Line*)
5 Screen Shield potential
6 – –
7 P12_TSIG Input 12 V
8 P_TSYNC*) Input 24 V*)
9 Screen Shield potential
*) occupied, but must not be connected
Optical Fibres For the Protection Data Communication, refer to Section 8.2.2.
Signals transmitted over optical fibres are unaffected by interference. The fibres guar-
antee electrical isolation between the connections. Transmit and receive connections
are identified with the symbols for transmit and for receive.
The character idle state for the optical fibre interface is “Light off.” If this setting is to
be changed, use the operating program DIGSI ® 4, as described in Section 5.4.
Warning!
Do not look directly into the LEDs ! Laser class 3A according to EN 60825–1.
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8.2.2 Checking the Protection Data Communication
If the device features protection data interfaces for digital communication links, the
transmission way must be checked. The protection data communication is conducted
either directly from device to device via optical fibres or via communication converters
and a communication network or a dedicated transmission medium.
Optical fibres The direct optical fibre connection is visually controlled by means of an optical fibre
connector. There is one connection for each direction. Therefore the output of the one
device must be connected to the input of the other device and vice versa. Transmis-
sion and receiving connections are identified with the symbols for transmit
and for receive. The visual check of the assignment of the transmission and
receive channels is relevant.
Warning!
Do not look directly into the LEDs ! Laser class 3A according to EN 60825–1.
If using more than one device, the connections of all protection data interfaces are
checked according to the topology selected.
Communication Optical fibres are usually used for the connections between the devices and commu-
converter nication converters. The optical fibres such as the optical fibre direct connections are
checked. This is carried out for each protection data interface.
Set address &211(&29(5 or &211(&29(5 (see also Section
6.4.2) to configure the correct type of connection.
Further For further connections a visual control is sufficient for the time being. Electrical and
connections functional controls are done during commissioning (Section 8.3.5).
7SA522 Manual 8-29
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8.2.3 Power Plant Connections
Warning!
Some of the following test steps will be carried out in presence of hazardous voltages.
They shall be performed only by qualified personnel which is thoroughly familiar with
all safety regulations and precautionary measures and pay due attention to them.
Caution!
Operating the device on a battery charger without a connected battery can lead to un-
usually high voltages and consequently, the destruction of the device. For limit values
see Sub-section 10.2.1 under Technical Data.
Before the device is energized for the first time, the device should be in the final oper-
ating environment for at least 2 hours to equalize the temperature and to minimize hu-
midity and avoid condensation. Connection are checked with the device at its final lo-
cation. The plant must first be switched off and grounded.
o Protective switches (e.g. test switches, fuses, or miniature circuit breakers) for the
power supply and the measured voltages must be opened.
o Check the continuity of all current and voltage transformer connections against the
system and connection diagrams:
q Are the current transformers grounded properly?
q Are the polarities of the current transformers the same?
q Is the phase relationship of the current transformers correct?
q Are the voltage transformers grounded properly?
q Are the polarities of the voltage transformers correct?
q Is the phase relationship of the voltage transformers correct?
q Is the polarity for current input I4 (if used) correct?
q Is the polarity for voltage input U4 correct (if used, e.g. with broken delta winding or
busbar voltage)? See also Subsection Termination variants, “Voltages”.
o Check the functions of all test switches that may be installed for the purposes of sec-
ondary testing and isolation of the device. Of particular importance are test switches
in current transformer circuits. Be sure these switches short-circuit the current trans-
formers when they are in the test mode (open).
o The short-circuit feature of the current circuits of the device are to be checked. An
ohmmeter or other test equipment for checking continuity is needed.
q Remove the front panel of the device (see Figure 8-7 or 8-8).
q Remove the ribbon cable connected to the C–I/O–2 board (ê in Figure 8-7 or 8-8),
and pull the board out until there is no contact between the board and the rear con-
nections of the device.
q At the terminals of the device, check continuity for each pair of terminals that re-
ceives current from the CTs.
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Installation and Commissioning
q Firmly re-insert the C–I/O–2 board. Carefully connect the ribbon cable. Do not bend
any connector pins! Do not use force!
q Check continuity for each of the current terminal-pairs again.
q Attach the front panel and tighten the screws.
o Connect an ammeter in the supply circuit of the power supply. A range of about 2.5 A
to 5 A for the meter is appropriate.
o Close the protective switches to apply voltage to the power supply. Check the polarity
and magnitude of the voltage at the device terminals.
o The measured steady-state current should correspond to the quiescent power con-
sumption of the device. Transient movement of the ammeter merely indicates the
charging current of capacitors.
o Remove the voltage from the power supply by opening the protective switches.
o Disconnect the measuring equipment; restore the normal power supply connections.
o Apply voltage to the power supply.
o Close the protective switches for the voltage transformers.
o Verify that the voltage phase rotation at the device terminals is correct. Note that the
device can be set for L1-L2-L3 rotation or L1-L3-L2 rotation under address 3+$6(
6(4 in 36\VWHP'DWD. See also Sub-section 6.1.1.
o Open the protective switches for the voltage transformers and the power supply.
o Check the trip circuits to the power system circuit breakers
o Check the close circuits to the power system circuit breakers
o Verify that the control wiring to and from other devices is correct.
o Check the signalling connections.
o Close the protective switches to apply voltage to the power supply.
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8.3 Commissioning
Warning!
Hazardous voltages are present in this electrical equipment during operation. Non–
observance of the safety rules can result in severe personal injury or property dam-
age.
Only qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after becoming thor-
oughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well as with the
applicable safety regulations.
Particular attention must be drawn to the following:
• The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth
conductor before any other electrical connection is made.
• Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the
supply voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
• Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the
supply voltage (storage capacitors!).
• The limit values stated in the Technical Data must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected and that the trip circuits to the circuit breakers
and other primary switches are disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER!
Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before
the current leads to the device are disconnected!
If test switches are installed that automatically short-circuit the current transformer
secondary circuits, it is sufficient to place them into the “Test” position provided the
short-circuit functions has been previously tested.
For the commissioning switching operations have to be carried out. A prerequisite for
the prescribed tests is that these switching operations can be executed without dan-
ger. They are accordingly not meant for operational checks.
Warning!
Primary tests must only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar with the
commissioning of protection systems, the operation of the plant and the safety rules
and regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
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8.3.1 Testing mode and transmission blocking
If the device is connected to a substation control system or a server, the user is able
to modify, in some protocols, information that is transmitted to the substation (see Ta-
ble "Protocol Dependent Functions" in Appendix A).
In the WHVWLQJPRGH all messages sent from a SIPROTEC®4 - device to the substa-
tion are marked with an extra test bit so that the substation is able to identify them as
messages announcing no real faults. Furthermore the WUDQVPLVVLRQEORFNLQJ
function leads to a total blocking of the message transmission process via the system
interface in the testing mode.
Refer to Subsection 7.2.3 to know how the testing mode and the WUDQVPLVVLRQ
EORFNLQJ can be enabled and disabled. Please note that it is necessary to be 2Q
OLQH during the configuration of the device with DIGSI® 4 to be able to use the testing
mode.
8.3.2 Checking the system interface
Preliminary Provided that the device is equipped with a system interface that is used for the com-
remarks munication with a substation, it is possible to test via the DIGSI® 4 - operational func-
tion if messages are transmitted correctly. Do not apply this test function in the real
operating mode of the device.
DANGER!
The tripping and receiving of messages via the system interface by means of the test-
ing mode is the eventual exchange of information between the SIPROTEC®4 - device
and the substation. Connected objects such as the circuit breaker or the buffer can
thus be switched !
Note:
When the System Interface Test is terminated, the device changes to the start-up
mode (reboots). All hardware components are returned to the operating conditions de-
termined by the substation settings; however, all message buffers are deleted. Any
data required from the message buffers must therefor be read before the test is
closed.
The system interface test is carried out 2QOLQH using DIGSI® 4:
q Double-click on the 2QOLQH directory to open the required dialogue box.
q Click on 7HVW and the functional options appear on the right side of the screen
q Double-click on *HQHUDWHLQGLFDWLRQV shown in the list view. The dialogue box
*HQHUDWHLQGLFDWLRQVopens (refer to 8-17).
Structure of the In the column 0HVVDJH, all message texts that were configured for the system inter-
Dialogue Box face in the matrix will then appear. In the column 6WDWXV6FKHGXOHG the user has
7SA522 Manual 8-33
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Installation and Commissioning
to define the value for the messages to be tested. Depending on the type of message
different entering fields are available (e.g. PHVVDJHFRPLQJ / PHVVDJHJRLQJ). By
double-clicking onto one of the fields the required value can be selected from the list.
Figure 8-17 Dialog Box: Generate indications
Changing the Clicking for the first time onto one of the field in column $FWLRQ you will be asked for
operating state password n° 6 (for hardware test menus). Having entered the correct password single
messages can be issued. To do so, click on 6HQG. The corresponding message is is-
sued and can be read out either from the event log of the SIPROTEC®4 - device or
from the substation.
As long as the windows is open, further tests can be performed.
Test in For all information that is transmitted to the substation the following is tested in 6WD
message WXV6FKHGXOHG
direction
q Make sure that each checking process is carried out carefully without causing any
danger (see above and refer to DANGER!)
q Click on 6HQG and check whether the transmitted information reaches the substa-
tion and shows the desired reaction.
Test in command The information beginning with “>” is transmitted towards the device. This kind of in-
direction formation must be indicated by the substation. Check whether the reaction is correct.
f
Ending the To end the System Interface Test, click on &ORVH. The device is briefly out of service
Procedure while the start-up routine is executed. The dialog box closes.
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8.3.3 Checking the Binary Inputs and Outputs
Preliminary Notes The binary inputs, outputs, and LEDs of a SIPROTEC®4 device can be individually
and precisely controlled using DIGSI® 4. This feature is used to verify control wiring
from the device to plant equipment during commissioning. This test feature shall not
be used while the device is in service on a live system.
DANGER!
Changing the status of a binary input or output using the test feature of DIGSI® 4
results in an actual and immediate corresponding change in the SIPROTEC® de-
vice. Connected equipment such as circuit breakers or disconnectors will be
operated as a result of these actions!
Note: After termination of the hardware test, the device will reboot. Thereby, all annun-
ciation buffers are erased. If required, these buffers should be extracted with DIGSI® 4
prior to the test.
The hardware test can be done using DIGSI® 4 in the online operating mode:
q Open the 2QOLQH directory by double-clicking; the operating functions for the de-
vice appear.
q Click on 7HVW; the function selection appears in the right half of the screen.
q Double-click in the list view on +DUGZDUH7HVW. The dialogue box of the same
name opens (see Figure 8-18).
Figure 8-18 Dialogue box for hardware test — example
Structure of the The dialogue box is divided into three groups: %, for binary inputs, 5(/ for output
Test Dialogue Box relays, and /(' for light-emitting diodes. Each of these groups is associated with an
7SA522 Manual 8-35
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Installation and Commissioning
appropriately marked switching area. By double-clicking in an area, components with-
in the associated group can be turned on or off.
In the 6WDWXV column, the present (physical) state of the hardware component is
displayed. The binary inputs and outputs are indicated by an open or closed switch
symbol, the LEDs by a dark or illuminated LED symbol.
The possible intended condition of a hardware component is indicated with clear text
under the 6FKHGXOHG column, which is next to the 6WDWXV column. The intended
condition offered for a component is always the opposite of the present state.
The right-most column indicates the commands or messages that are configured
(masked) to the hardware components.
Changing the To change the condition of a hardware component, click on the associated switching
Hardware field in the 6FKHGXOH column.
Conditions
Password No. 6 (if activated during configuration) will be requested before the first
hardware modification is allowed. After entry of the correct password a condition
change will be executed.
Further condition changes remain possible while the dialog box is open.
Test of the Binary Each individual output relay can be energized allowing a check of the wiring between
Outputs the output relay of the 7SA522 and the plant, without having to generate the message
that is assigned to the relay. As soon as the first change of state for any one of the
output relays is initiated, all output relays are separated from the internal device func-
tions, and can only be operated by the hardware test function. This implies that a
switching signal to an output relay from e.g. a protection function or control command
cannot be executed.
q Ensured that the switching of the output relay can be executed without danger (see
above under DANGER!).
q Each output relay must be tested via the corresponding 6ROO–cell in the dialog box.
q The test sequence must be terminated (refer to margin heading “Exiting the Proce-
dure”), to avoid the initiation of inadvertent switching operations by further tests.
Test of the Binary To test the wiring between the plant and the binary inputs of the 7SA522 the condition
Inputs in the plant which initiates the binary input must be generated and the response of the
device checked.
To do this, the dialogue box +DUGZDUH7HVW must again be opened to view the phys-
ical state of the binary inputs. The password is not yet required.
q Each state in the plant which causes a binary input to pick up must be generated.
q The response of the device must be checked in the 6WDWXV–column of the dialogue
box. To do this, the dialogue box must be updated. The options may be found below
under the margin heading “Updating the Display”.
If however the effect of a binary input must be checked without carrying out any switch-
ing in the plant, it is possible to trigger individual binary inputs with the hardware test
function. As soon as the first state change of any binary input is triggered and the
password nr. 6 has been entered, all binary inputs are separated from the plant and
can only be activated via the hardware test function.
q Terminate the test sequence (see above under the margin heading „Exiting the Pro-
cedure“).
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Test of the LED’s The LED’s may be tested in a similar manner to the other input/output components.
As soon as the first state change of any LED has been triggered, all LEDs are sepa-
rated from the internal device functionality and can only be controlled via the hardware
test frunction. This implies that no LED can be switched on anymore by e.g. a protec-
tion function or operation of the LED reset key.
Updating the When the dialog box +DUGZDUH7HVW is opened, the present conditions of the hard-
Display ware components at that moment are read in and displayed. An update occurs:
− for each harware component, if a command to change the condition is successfully
performed,
− for all hardware components if the 8SGDWH button is clicked,
− for all hardware components with cyclical updating if the $XWRPDWLF8SGDWH
VHF field is marked.
Exiting the To end the hardware test, click on &ORVH. The dialog box closes. The device becomes
Procedure unavailable for a brief start-up period immediately after this. Then all hardware com-
ponents are returned to the operating conditions determined by the plant settings.
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8.3.4 Checking the Communication Topology
General The communication topology can either be checked from the PC using DIGSI® 4.
You can either connect the PC to the device locally using the operator interface at the
front, or the service interface at the back of the PC (Figure 8-19). Or you can log into
the device using a modem via the service interface (example in Figure 8-20).
7SA522 7SA522
:
Figure 8-19 PC interfacing directly to the device - example
7SA522 7SA522
HP
0RG HP
0RG
: 0RG
HP
Figure 8-20 PC interfacing via modem - example
Checking a Con- For two devices linked with fibre optical cables (as in Figure 8-16 or 8-17), this con-
nection using Di- nection is checked as follows. If two or more device are linked or, if two devices have
rect Link been (double-) linked with a ring topology, first check only one link.
o Both devices at the link ends have to be switched on.
o Check in the Event Log (see also Subsubsection 7.1.1.2) or spontaneous annuncia-
tions (see Subsubsection 7.1.1.6) for the following:
q If the message "3,ZLWK" (protection data interface connected with FNo. 3243)
is provided with the device index of the other device, a link has been established
and one device has recognized the other.
q If the protection data interface 2 has also been connected, a corresponding mes-
sage will appear (FNo. 3244).
o In the event of a communication link error the message "3,'DWDIDXOW" (FNo.
3229) or "3,'DWDIDXOW" (FNo. 3231) will be displayed. In this case, check the
fibre optical cable link again.
q Have the devices been linked correctly and no cables been mixed up?
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q Are the cables free from mechanical damage, intact and the connectors locked?
q Otherwise repeat check.
Proceed with "Consistency of Topology and Parameter Setting".
Checking a If a communication converter is used, please note the instructions enclosed with the
Connection with device. The communication converter has a test setting where its outputs are looped
the Communication back to the inputs.
Converter using
Links via the communication converter are tested by means of local loop-back (Figure
Direct Link
8-18, left).
Remote
Local Communication Communication
Converter Converter
optical CC–1 electrical Communication Network electrical CC–2 optical
7SA522 7SA522
local remote
:
Figure 8-21 Distance protection communication via communication converter and communication network -
example
o Both devices at the link ends have to be switched on.
o First configure the communication converter CC-1:
q Disconnect the auxiliary supply voltage from both poles.
DANGER!
Before opening the communication converter, it is absolutely necessary to isolate it
from the auxiliary supply voltage at all poles! There is a danger to life by energized
parts!
q Open the communication converter.
q Set the jumpers to the matching position for the correct interface type and transmis-
sion rate; they must be identical with the parameterization of the 7SA522 (address
4502 &211(&29(5 for protection data interface 1 and, if applying, 4602 &21
1(&29(5 for protection data interface 2, see also Section 6.4.2).
q Move the communication converter into test position (jumper X32 in position 2-3).
q Close the communication converter housing.
o Reconnect the auxiliary supply voltage for the communication converter.
o The system interface (X.21 or G.703.1) must be active and connected to the commu-
nication converter. Check this by means of the "device ready"-contact of the commu-
nication converter (continuity at the NO contact).
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o If the the "device ready"-contact of the communication converter doesn’t close, check
the connection between the communication converter and the net (communication de-
vice). The communication device must emit the correct transmitter clock to the com-
munication converter.
o Change the interface parameters at the 7SA522 (at the device front or via DIGSI® 4):
q Address 4502 &211(&29(5 = F.optic direct, when you test protection data
interface 1;
q Address 4602 &211(&29(5 = F.optic direct, when you test protection data
interface 2.
o Check the Event Log (see also Subsubsection 7.1.1.2) or spontaneous annunciations
(see also Subsubsection 7.1.1.6):
q Message 3217 "3,'DWDUHIOHF" (PI 1 net mirroring ON) when you test protec-
tion data interface 1;
q Message 3218 "3,'DWDUHIOHF" (PI 1 net mirroring ON) when you test pro-
tection data interface 2.
q When working with both interfaces, note that the current interface of the 7SA522 is
connected to its corresponding communication converter.
q If the message is not transmitted check for the following:
−- Has the 7SA522 fibre optical transmitting terminal output been correctly
linked with the fibre optical receiving terminal input of the communication
converter and vice versa (No erroneous interchanging)?
−- Does the 7SA522 device have the correct interface module and is it working
correctly?
−- Are the fibre optic cables intact?
−- Has the 7SA522 interface module "Light on" been set?
−- Are the parameter settings for interface type and transmission rate at the
communication converter correct (see above; note the DANGER instruc-
tion!)?
q Repeat the check after correction if necessary.
o Reset the interface parameters at the 7SA522 correctly:
q Address 4502 &211(&29(5 = required setting, when you have tested protec-
tion data interface 1;
q Address 4602 &211(&29(5 = required setting, when you have tested protec-
tion data interface 2.
o Disconnect the auxiliary supply voltage of the communication converter at both poles.
Note the above DANGER instruction!
o Reset the the communication converter to normal position (X32 in position 1-2) and
close the housing again.
o Reconnect the supply voltage of the communication converter.
Perform the above check at the other end with the device being connected there and
its corresponding communication converter.
Continue with "Consistency of Topology and Parameterization".
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Consistency of Having performed the above checks, the linking of a device pair, including their com-
Topology and munication converters, has been completely tested and connected to auxiliary supply
Parameterization voltage. Now the devices communicate by themselves.
o Now check the Event Log (see also Section 7.1.1.2) or spontaneous annunciations
(see also Section 7.1.1.6) of the device where you are working.
q Message FNo. 3243 "3,ZLWK" (protection data interface 1 linked with) followed
by the device index of the other device, if interface 1 is applying. For protection data
interface 2 the message is FNo. 3244.
q If the devices are at least connected once, the message FNo. 3458 "&KDLQWRSRO
RJ\" will appear.
q If no other devices are involved in the topology as an entity, the message FNo. 3464
"7RSROFRPSOHWH" will then be displayed, too.
q And if the device parameterization is also consistent, i.e. the prerequisites for set-
ting the function scope (Section 5.1), system data 1 (6.1.1), system data 2 (6.1.3)
topology and protection data interface parameters (Section 6.4.2) have been con-
sidered, the fault message, i.e. FNo. 3229 "3,'DWDIDXOW" or FNo. 3231 "3,
'DWDIDXOW", for the interface just checked will disappear. The communication
and consistency test has now been completed.
q If the fault message of the interface being checked does not disappear, however,
the fault must be found and eliminated. Table 8-11 lists messages that indicate such
faults.
Table 8-14 Messages announcing inconsistency
FNo Setting Meaning / Measures
3233 DT inconsistent "Device table has inconsistent numbers": the indexing of the
devices is inconsistent (missing numbers or one number
used twice, see Section 6.4.2
3234 DT unequal "Device tables are unequal": the ID-numbers of the devices
are unequal (see Section 6.4.2)
3235 Par. different Parametrization different: different functional parameters were set
for the devices. They have to be equal at all ends:
Checking further If more than two devices have been linked, that is if the object to be protected has
Links more than two ends, or, if two devices have been linked via both protection data inter-
faces to create redundancy, repeat all checks for every possible link as described
above including the consistency check.
If all devices involved in the topology communicate properly and all parameters are
consistent, the message FNo. 3464 "7RSROFRPSOHWH" appears.
If there is a ring topology, the message FNo. 3457 "5LQJWRSRORJ\" must also appear
after closing the ring.
However, if you’ve got a ring topology which only issues the message "&KDLQWRSRO
RJ\" instead of "5LQJWRSRORJ\", the protection data communication is functionable,
but the ring has not yet been closed. Check the missing link as described above in-
cluding the consistency test until all links to the ring have been made.
Now, there may be no more fault messages of the protection data interfaces.
7SA522 Manual 8-41
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8.3.5 Tests for the Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
If the device provides a breaker failure protection and if this is used, the integration of
this protection function in the system can be tested under practical conditions.
Due to the variety of application options and the available system configurations, it is
not possible to make a detailed description of the necessary tests. Local conditions,
system and protection plans must be observed.
Before starting the circuit breaker tests it is recommended to insulate at both ends the
feeder which is to be tested, i.e. line insulators and busbar insulators should be open
so that the breaker can be operated without risk.
Caution!
Also for tests on the local circuit breaker of the feeder a trip command to the
surrounding circuit breakers can be issued for the busbar. Therefore the tripping of the
surrounding circuit breakers (busbar) must be deactivated, e. g. by switching off the
corresponding control voltages.
Before the breaker is closed again for normal operation the trip command of the feeder
protection routed to the circuit breaker must be disconnected so that the trip command
can only be initiated by the breaker failure protection.
Although the following lists do not claim to be complete it may also contain points
which are to be ignored in the current application.
Circuit Breaker If the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device, these provide an
Auxiliary Contacts essential input to the functionality of the breaker failure protection. Make sure the
correct assignment has been checked (Section 8.3.9).
External Start If the breaker failure protection can also be started by external protection devices, the
Conditions external start conditions should be checked. Single-pole or three-pole tripping is pos-
sible depending on the setting of the breaker failure protection. The pole discrepancy
check of the device or the breaker may itself lead to three-pole tripping after single-
pole tripping. Therefore check first how the parameters of the breaker failure protec-
tion are set. See Subsection 6.17.2, addresses onwards.
In order for the breaker failure protection to be started, a current must flow at least via
the monitored phase. This may be a secondary injected current.
After every start, the message "%)6WDUW" (FNo. 1461) must appear in the
spontaneous annunciation list or the trip log.
Only if single-pole starting possible:
q single-pole starting by trip command of the external protection in phase L1:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUW/" and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in sponta-
neous or fault messages). Trip command depending on configuration.
q single-pole starting by trip command of the external protection in phase L2:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUW/" and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in sponta-
neous or fault messages"). Trip command depending on configuration.
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q single-pole starting by trip command of external protection in phase L3:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUW/" and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in sponta-
neous or fault messages). Trip command depending on configuration.
q three-pole starting by trip command of the external protection via all three binary in-
puts L1, L2 and L3:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUW/", "!%)6WDUW/" and "!%)6WDUW/"
and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in spontaneous or fault messages). Trip command
three-pole.
For three-pole starting:
q three-pole starting by trip command of the external protection:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUWSROH" and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in spon-
taneous or fault messages". Trip command depending on configuration.
Switch off test current.
If BF start is possible without current flow
q BF start by trip command of the external protection without current flow:
binary input functions "!%)6WDUWZR," and possibly "!%)UHOHDVH" (in spon-
taneous or fault messages). Trip command depending on configuration.
Busbar tripping For testing the distribution of the trip commands in the substation in the case of
breaker failures it is important to check that the trip commands to the surrounding
circuit breakers is correct.
The surrounding circuit breakers are all those which need to trip when the feeder cir-
cuit breaker fails. These are therefore the circuit breakers of all feeders which feed the
busbar or busbar section to which the feeder with the short-circuit is connected.
A general detailed test guide cannot be specified because the layout of the surround-
ing circuit breakers largely depends on the switchgear topology.
In particular with multiple busbars the trip distribution logic for the surrounding circuit
breakers must be checked. Here it should be checked for every busbar section that all
circuit breakers which are connected to the same busbar section as the feeder circuit
breaker under observation are tripped, and no other breakers.
Tripping of the If the trip command of the circuit breaker failure protection must also trip the circuit
remote end breaker at the remote end of the feeder under observation, the transmission channel
for this remote trip must also be checked. This is done together with transmission of
other signals according to section 8.3.11.4.
Termination All temporary measures taken for testing must be undone, e.g. especially switching
states, interrupted trip commands, changes to setting values or individually switched
off protection functions.
8.3.6 Current, Voltage, and Phase Rotation Checks
Load Current The connections of the current and voltage transformers are tested using primary
≥ 10 % IN quantities. Secondary load current of at least 10 % of the nominal current of the device
is necessary. The line must be energized and remains energized during this measure-
ment test.
7SA522 Manual 8-43
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Installation and Commissioning
With proper connections of the measuring circuits, none of the measured-values su-
pervision elements in the device should pick up. If an element detects a problem, the
relevant condition can be viewed in the operational annunciations (refer also to Sub-
section 7.1.1.2).
If current summation errors occur, then check the matching factors. See Sub-section
6.1.1.
Messages from the symmetry monitoring could occur because there actually are
asymmetrical conditions in the network. If these asymmetrical conditions are normal
service conditions, the corresponding monitoring functions should be made less sen-
sitive. See Section 6.18.
Quantities Currents and voltages can be viewed as primary or secondary quantities in the front
display or via the service interface with a personal computer, and compared with the
actual measured values (refer to section 7.1.3.1).
If the measured values are not plausible, the connection must be checked and correct-
ed after the line has been isolated and the current transformer circuits have been
short-circuited. The measurements must then be repeated.
Phase Rotation The phase rotation must correspond to the configured phase rotation, in general a
clockwise phase rotation. If the system has an anti-clockwise phase rotation, this must
have been considered when the power system data was set (address 3+$6(
6(4, refer to Sub-section 6.1.1). If the phase rotation is incorrect, the alarm “
)DLO3K6HT” (FNo ) is generated. The measured value phase allocation
must be checked and corrected, if required, after the line has been isolated and cur-
rent transformers have been short-circuited. The phase rotation check must then be
repeated.
Voltage The VT mcb of the feeder must be opened. The measured voltages in the operational
Transformer measured values (Sub-section 7.1.3.1) appear with a value close to zero (small meas-
Miniature Circuit ured voltages are of no consequence).
Breaker (VT mcb)
Check in the spontaneous messages (section 7.1.1.6) that the VT mcb trip was en-
tered (message "!)$,/ )HHGHU9721" in the spontaneous messages). Before-
hand it has to be assured that the position of the VT mcb is connected to the device
via a binary input.
Close the VT mcb: The above messages appear under the spontaneous messages
as "2))", i.e. "!)$,/ )HHGHU97 2))").
If one of the events does not appear, the connection and routing of these signals
(Sub-section 5.2.4) must be checked.
If the „21“–state and „2))´–state are swapped, the contact type
(H–active or L–active) must be checked and remedied (Sub-section 5.2.4).
If a busbar voltage is used (for voltage or synchronism check) and the assigned VT
mcb is connected to the device, the following function must also be checked:
If the VT mcb is open the message "!)$,/ %XV9721" appears, if it is closed the
message "!)$,/ %XV972))" is displayed.
Finally the line must again be isolated.
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8.3.7 Directional Checks with Load Current
Load Current ≥ The connections of the current and voltage transformers are checked using load cur-
10 % IN rent on the protected line. The secondary load current must be at least 0.10 · IN. The
load current should be in-phase or lagging the voltage (resistive or resistive-inductive
load). The direction of the load current must be known. If there is a doubt, network
loops should be opened or other action taken to guarantee the direction of the load
current. The line remains energized during this directional test.
The direction can be derived directly from the operational measured values. Initially
the correlation of the measured load direction with the actual direction of load flow is
checked. In this case the general situation is assumed whereby the forward direction
(measuring direction) extends from the busbar towards the line (Figure 8-22).
P positive, if real power flows into the line,
P negative, if real power flows towards the busbar,
Q positive, if reactive power flows into the line,
Q negative, if reactive power flows toward the busbar.
P
Positive real power in the
direction of the line
SLoad
jQ
Positive reactive power Negative reactive power
in the direction of the line in the direction of the line
Figure 8-22 Complex (apparent) power
The power measurement provides an initial indication as to whether the measured val-
ues have the correct polarity. If both the real power as well as the reactive power have
the wrong sign, the polarity in address &76WDUSRLQW must be checked and rec-
tified.
The power measurement on its own is however not able to recognize all types of in-
correct connection. Accordingly, the impedances of all six measuring loops are eval-
uated. These can also be found as primary and secondary quantities in the operational
measured values (Sub-section 7.1.3.1).
All six measured loops must have the same impedance components (R and X). Small
variations may result due to the non-symmetry of the measured values. In addition the
following applies for all impedances when the load is in the first quadrant:
R, X both positive, when power flows into the line,
R, X both negative, when power flows towards the busbar.
The general case is assumed here, whereby the forward direction (measuring direc-
tion) extends from the busbar towards the line. In the case of capacitive load, caused
by e.g. underexcited generators or charging currents, the X-components may all have
the opposite sign.
7SA522 Manual 8-45
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Installation and Commissioning
If significant differences in the values of the various loops are present, or if the individ-
ual signs are different, then individual phases in the current or voltage transformer cir-
cuits are swapped, not connected correctly, or the phase allocation is incorrect. After
isolation of the line and short-circuiting of the current transformers the connections
must be checked and corrected. The measurement must then be repeated.
Finally the line must again be isolated.
8.3.8 Polarity check for the voltage input U4
Depending on the application of the voltage measuring input U4, a polarity check may
be necessary. If no measuring voltage is connected to this input, this subsection is ir-
relevant.
If the input U4 is used for measuring a voltage for overvoltage protection (Power
System Data 1 address 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8[WUDQVIRUPHU), no polarity
check is necessary because the polarity is irrelevant here. The voltage magnitude was
checked according to Subsection 8.3.6.
If the input U4 is used for measuring the displacement voltage Uen (power system
data 1 address 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8GHOWDWUDQVI), the polarity is checked
together with the measured current test according to Subsection 8.3.9.
If the input U4 is used for measuring a busbar voltage for synchronism check (power
system data 1 address 8WUDQVIRUPHU = 8V\QFWUDQVI), the polarity must
be checked as follows using the synchronism check function.
Only for synchro- The device must be equipped with the synchronism and voltage check (dead-line/
nism check dead-bus check) function which must be configured to HQDEOHG under address
(see section 5.1).
The voltage 8V\QF connected to the busbar must be specified correctly under ad-
dress 8V\QFFRQQHFW (see Subsection 6.1.1).
If there is no transformer between the two measuring points, address $
ϕ8V\QF8OLQH must be set to (see Subsection 6.1.1).
If the measurement is made across a transformer, this angle setting must correspond
to the phase rotation through which the vector group of the transformer as seen from
the feeder in the direction of the busbar rotates the voltage. An example is shown in
Subsection 6.1.1.
If necessary different transformation ratios of the transformers on the busbar and the
feeder may have to be considered under address 8OLQH8V\QF.
The synchronism and voltage check must be switched RQ under address )&7
6\QFKURQLVP.
A further aid for checking in the connection are the messages "6\QF8GLII!"
and "6\QFϕGLII!" in the spontaneous annunciations.
q Circuit breaker is open. The feeder is isolated (zero voltage). The VTmcbs of both
voltage transformer circuits must be closed.
q The program 29(55,'( = \HV (address ) must be set for the synchro-check;
the other programs (addresses $ to ) are set to 1R.
q A request for synchro-check is initiated via binary input (FNo. "!6\QF
6WDUW$5"). The synchro-check must give close release (message "6\QFUH
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Installation and Commissioning
OHDVH", FNo. ). If not, check all relevant parameters again (synchro-check
configured and switched on correctly, see sections 5.1, 6.1.1 and 6.14.2).
q Set address 29(55,'( to 1R.
q Then the circuit breaker is closed while the line isolator is open (see fig. 8-23). Both
voltage transformers therefore measure the same voltage.
q The program 6<1&&+(&. = <HV (address $) is set.
q A request for synchro-check measurement is initiated via binary input (FNo.
"!6\QF6WDUW$5"). The synchro-check must give close release (message
"6\QFUHOHDVH", FNo. ).
Busbar
Usync
U4
4 7SA522
Uline
Feeder
Figure 8-23 Measuring voltages for synchro-check
q If not, first check whether one of the aforenamed messages "6\QF8GLII!"
or "6\QFϕGLII!" is available in the spontaneous messages.
The message "6\QF8GLII!µ indicates that the magnitude (ratio) adaptation is
incorrect. Check address 8OLQH8V\QF and recalculate the adaptation
factor.
The message "6\QFϕGLII!" indicates that the phase relation of the busbar
voltage does not match the setting under address 8V\QFFRQQHFW (see
Subsection 6.1.1). When measuring across a transformer, address $ ϕ8V
\QF8OLQH must also be checked; this must adapt the vector group (see Subsec-
tion 6.1.1). If these are correct, there is probably a reverse polarity of the voltage
transformer terminals 8V\QF.
q For the synchro-check the program 8V\QF 8OLQH! = <HV (address ) and
6<1&&+(&. = <HV (address $) is set.
q Open the VT mcb of the busbar voltage.
q A request for synchro-check measurement is initiated via binary input (FNo.
"!6\QF6WDUW$5"). There is no close release. If there is, the VT mcb for the
busbar voltage is not allocated. Check whether this is the required state, alterna-
tively check the binary input "!)$,/ %XV97" if necessary (FNo. ).
q Close the VT mcb of the busbar voltage is to be closed again.
q Open the circuit breaker.
q The program 8V\QF!8OLQH = <HV (address ) and 8V\QF 8OLQH! =
1R (address ) is set for the synchro-check.
7SA522 Manual 8-47
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Installation and Commissioning
q A request measurement for synchro-check is initiated via binary input (FNo.
"!6\QF6WDUW$5". The synchronism check must release closing (message
"6\QFUHOHDVH", FNo. ).
If not, check all voltage connections and the corresponding parameters again care-
fully as described in section 6.1.1.
q Open the VT mcb of the feeder voltage.
q Via binary input (FNo. “!6\QF6WDUW$5”) initiate the measuring request.
No close release is given.
q Close the VT mcb of the busbar voltage again.
Addresses to must be restored as they were changed for the test. If the
routing of the LEDs or signal relays was changed for the test, this must also be re-
stored.
8.3.9 Polarity Check for for the Current Measuring Input I4
If the standard connection of the device is used whereby the current measuring input
I4 is connected in the star-point of the set of current transformers (refer also to the con-
nection circuit diagram in the Appendix, Figure A-15), then the correct polarity of the
earth current path in general will result automatically.
If however the current I4 is derived from a separate summation CT (e.g. a core balance
CT) or from a different point of measurement, e.g. transformer star-point current or
earth current of a parallel line, an additional polarity check with this current is neces-
sary.
The test is done with a disconnected trip circuit and primary load current. It must be
noted that during all simulations that do not exactly correspond with situations that
may occur in practice, the non-symmetry of measured values may cause the meas-
ured value monitoring to pick up. This must therefore be ignored during such tests.
DANGER!
Working on measurement transformers requires the highest precautions!
Short-circuit the secondary side of the current transformers before any current
connections to the device are opened!
I4 Measured on the To generate a displacement voltage, the e–n winding of one phase in the voltage
Protected Line transformer set (e.g. L1) is bypassed (refer to Figure 8-24). If no connection on the e–
n windings of the voltage transformer is available, the corresponding phase is open
circuited on the secondary side. Via the current path only the current from the current
transformer in the phase from which the voltage in the voltage path is missing, is con-
nected; the other CTs are short-circuited. If the line carries load in the first quadrant,
the protection is in principle subjected to the same conditions that exist during an earth
fault in the direction of the line.
At least one stage of the earth fault protection must be set to be directional (address
[[ of the earth fault protection). The pick-up threshold of this stage must be below
the load current flowing on the line; if necessary the pick-up threshold must be re-
duced. The parameters that have been changed must be noted.
8-48 7SA522 Manual
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Installation and Commissioning
After switching the line on and off again, the direction indication must be checked: in
the fault messages (refer also to Sub-section 7.1.1.3) the messages “()3LFNXS” and
“()IRUZDUG” must at least be present. If the directional pick up is not present, either
the earth current connection or the displacement voltage connection is incorrect. If the
wrong direction is indicated, either the direction of load flow is from the line toward the
busbar or the earth current path has a swapped polarity. In the latter case, the con-
nection must be rectified after the line has been isolated and the current transformers
short-circuited.
L1
Bus-
L2
bar
L3
DOWHUQDWLYHO\
GLVFRQQHFWKHUH
e
E\SDVVRQH n
SKDVH
Ue Un UL1 UL2 UL3 Un
IL1 IL1’
IL2 IL2’
IL3 IL3’
I4 I4’
6$
Line
Figure 8-24 Polarity testing for I4, example with current transformers configured in a
Holmgreen-connection
In the event that the pick-up alarms were not even generated, the measured earth (re-
sidual) current may be too small.
Attention! If parameters were changed for this test, they must be returned to their
original state after completion of the test!
I4 Measured on a If I4 is the current measured on a parallel line, the above procedure is done with the
Parallel Line set of current transformers on the parallel line (Figure 8-25). The same method as
above is used here, except that a single phase current from the parallel feeder is
measured. The parallel line must carry load while the protected line should carry load.
The line remains switched on for the duration of the measurement.
If the polarity of the parallel line earth current measurement is correct, the impedance
measured in the tested loop (in the example of Figure 8-25 this is L1–E) should be re-
duced by the influence of the parallel line. The impedances can be observed as pri-
mary or secondary quantities in the list of operational measured values (Section
7.1.3.1).
If, on the other hand, the measured impedance increases when compared to the value
without parallel line compensation, the current measuring input I4 has a swapped po-
larity. After isolation of both lines and short-circuiting of the current transformer sec-
ondary circuits, the connections must be checked and rectified. Subsequently the
measurement must be repeated.
7SA522 Manual 8-49
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Installation and Commissioning
L1
Bus-
L2
bar
L3
DOWHUQDWLYHO\
GLVFRQQHFW
KHUH
e
E\SDVVRQH n
SKDVH
Ue Un UL1 UL2 UL3 Un
IL1 IL1
IL2 IL2
IL3 IL3
IL1’ IL1’
IL2’ IL2’
IL3’ IL3’
6$ 6$
I4 'HYLFHXQGHUWHVW
I4’
Parallel line Line
Figure 8-25 Polarity check of I4, example with earth current of a parallel line
I4 Measured in a If I4 is the earth current measured in the star-point of a power transformer and intended
Power Transformer for the earth fault protection direction determination, then the polarity check can only
Star-Point be carried out with a zero sequence current flowing through the transformer. A test
voltage source is required for this purpose (single-phase low voltage source).
Caution!
Zero sequence current should only be routed via a transformer if it has a delta winding,
therefore e.g. Yd, Dy or Yy with a compensating winding. Otherwise inadmissible
heating of the transformer may result.
DANGER!
Primary measurements must only be carried out on disconnected and grounded
equipment of the power system. Danger to life exists even on disconnected
equipment because of capacitive coupling from other energized equipment of
the power system!
The configuration shown in Figure 8-26 corresponds to an earth current flowing
through the line, in other words an earth fault in the forward direction.
At least one stage of the earth fault protection must be set to be directional (address
[[ of the earth fault protection). The test current on the line must exceed the pick-
up threshold setting of this/these stages; if required, the pick-up threshold setting must
be reduced. The parameters that are changed, must be noted.
8-50 7SA522 Manual
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Installation and Commissioning
A
Bus-
B
bar
C
IL1
IL2
IL3
IL1’
IL3’
IL3’
Test source
I4’
6$
I4
Transformer Line
Figure 8-26 Polarity check of I4, example with earth current from a power transformer star-point
After switching the test source on and off again, the direction indication must be
checked: In the fault messages (refer also to Sub-section 7.1.1.3) at least the following
alarms must be present “()3LFNXS” and “()IRUZDUG”. If the directional pick-up
alarm is missing, a connection error of the earth current connection I4 is present. If the
wrong direction is indicated, the earth current connection I4 has a swapped polarity.
The connection must be rectified after the test source has been switched off. The
measurement must then be repeated.
If the pick-up alarm is missing altogether, this may be due to the fact that the test cur-
rent is too small.
Attention! If parameters were changed for this test, they must be returned to their
original state after completion of the test!
8.3.10 Measuring the operating time of the circuit breaker
Only for synchro- If the device is equipped with the function for synchronism and voltage check and it is
nism check applied, it is necessary - under asynchronous system conditions - that the operating
time of the circuit breaker is measured and set correctly when closing. If the synchro-
nism check function is not used or only for closing under synchronous system condi-
tions, this subsection is irrelevant.
For measuring the operating time a setup as shown in figure 8-27 is recommended.
The timer is set to 1 s and a graduation of 1 ms.
The circuit breaker is connected manually. At the same time the timer is started. After
closing the poles of the circuit breaker, the voltage Uline appears and the timer is
stopped. The time displayed by the timer is the real circuit breaker closing time.
If the timer is not stopped due to an unfavourable closing moment, the attempt will be
repeated.
It is particularly favorable to calculate the mean from several (3 to 5) successful switch-
ing attempts.
7SA522 Manual 8-51
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Installation and Commissioning
Set the calculated time under address as 7&%FORVH (under power system data
2). Select the next lower adjustable value.
Note:
The operating time of the accelerated output relays for command tripping is taken into
consideration by the device itself. The tripping command is to be allocated to a such
relay. If this is not the case, then add 3 ms to the measured circuit-breaker operating
time for achieving a greater reaction time of the “normal” output relay.
Busbar
Busbar
Voltage
Start
L+ Close
Timer
L–
Stop
ULine
Feeder
Figure 8-27 Measuring the circuit breaker closing time
8.3.11 Testing of the Teleprotection System
If the device is intended to operate with teleprotection, all devices used for the trans-
mission of the signals must initially be commissioned according to the corresponding
instructions.
The following section 8.3.11 applies only for the conventional transmission proce-
dures. It is not relevant for usage with protection data interfaces.
8.3.11.1 Teleprotection with Distance Protection
For the functional check of the signal transmission, the earth fault protection should be
disabled, to avoid signals from this protection influencing the tests: address
)&7(DUWK)OW2& = 2)).
Permissive Over- Prerequisite: 7HOHSURWHFWLRQIRU'LVWDQFHSURW 7HOHSURW'LVW is
reach Transfer, set in address (Section 5.1) to one of the permissive overreach schemes with a
Unblocking release signal, SHUPLVVLYHRYHUUHDFKor 81%/2&.,1*; furthermore, the param-
eter in address must be set to
)&77HOHS() 21. Naturally, the corresponding send and receive signals must
also be assigned to the corresponding binary output and input. For the echo function,
the echo signal must be assigned separately to the transmit output.
The function of the permissive overreach transfer schemes is described in
Subsubsections 6.6.1.3 and 6.6.1.4.
In the case of these release schemes, a simple check of the transmission paths from
one line end is possible using the echo function. The echo function must be activated
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Installation and Commissioning
at both line ends, i.e. address )&7:HDN,QIHHG = (&+2RQO\; with the set-
ting (&+2DQG75,3 a trip may result at the line end opposite to the test location!
A short-circuit in Z1B, but outside Z1, is simulated. This may be done with secondary
injection test equipment. As the device at the opposite line end is not picked up, the
echo function comes into effect there, and a trip command at the line end initiating the
test, results.
If no trip command results, the transmission path must be checked again, in particular
that the echo signals are assigned to the transmit outputs.
In case of a phase-segregated transmission the above-mentioned checks are carried
out for each phase. The correct phase allocation must also be checked.
This test must be executed at both line ends. For three terminal lines, it must be done
at each line end, for each transmission path.
The functioning of the echo delay time and the derivation of the circuit breaker switch-
ing status should also be tested at this time (the functioning of the protection at the
opposite line end is tested):
The circuit breaker of the feeder to which the protection belongs must be open, as is
the circuit breaker at the opposite end of this line. As described above, a fault is again
simulated. A receive signal impulse delayed by a little more than twice the signal trans-
mission time, should appear via the echo from the opposite line end; the device should
also issue a trip command.
The circuit breaker at the opposite line end should now be closed (with open isolators).
After simulation of the same fault, a receive signal again appears and a trip command
is again issued. However this time the receive signal is additionally delayed by the
echo delay time of the device at the opposite line end (0,04 s presetting, address
7ULS(FKR'(/$<).
If the echo delay response is opposite to the above description, the mode of operation
of the corresponding binary inputs (H–active/L–active) at the opposite line end must
be corrected (refer to Sub-section 5.2.3).
The circuit breaker must be opened again.
This test must also be carried out at both line ends, in the case of three terminal lines,
at each end, for each transmission path. Please take note of the last margin heading
“Important for all Schemes”!
Blocking Scheme Prerequisites are: 7HOHSURWHFWLRQIRU'LVWDQFHSURW 7HOHSURW
'LVW in address (section 5.1) is set to the overreach transfer with a blocking
signal i.e. %ORFNLQJ; furthermore, the setting in address must be set to )&7
7HOHS() 21. Naturally, the corresponding send and receive signals must also be
assigned to the corresponding binary output and input.
For more details about the function of the blocking scheme refer to Subsubsection
6.6.1.5. In the case of the blocking scheme, communication between the line ends is
necessary.
On the transmitting end, a fault in the reverse direction is simulated, while at the re-
ceiving end a fault in Z1B but beyond Z1 is simulated. This may be achieved with sec-
ondary injection test equipment at each end. As long as the transmitting end is trans-
mitting, the receiving end may not generate a trip signal, unless this results from a
higher distance stage. After removal of the simulated fault at the transmitting end, the
receiving end remains blocked for the additional duration of the transmit prolongation
time of the transmitting end (6HQG3URORQJ, address ). The transient blocking
time of the receiving end (7U%ON%ORFN7LPH, address ) will additionally appear
7SA522 Manual 8-53
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Installation and Commissioning
if a finite waiting time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH (address ) was set and if this time had
been exceeded.
This test must be carried out at both line ends, on a three terminal line at each line end
for each transmission path. Please take note of the last margin heading “Important for
all Schemes”!
Permissive Under- Prerequisite: 7HOHSURWHFWLRQIRU'LVWDQFHSURW 7HOHSURW'LVW in
reach Transfer address (Section 5.1) is set to the permissive underreach transfer trip mode, i.e.
3877; furthermore the setting in address must be set to )&77HOHS() 21.
Naturally the corresponding transmit and receive signals must also be assigned to the
corresponding binary output and input.
For more details about the function of the blocking scheme refer to Subsections
6.6.1.1 and 6.6.1.2. Communication between the line ends is necessary.
On the transmitting end, a fault in zone Z1 must be simulated. This can be achieved
with secondary injection test equipment.
Subsequently, on the receiving end, a fault inside Z1B, but outside Z1 is simulated.
Tripping takes place immediately, (or in T1B), without signal transmission only in a
higher distance stage. In case of direct transfer trip an immediate trip is always
executed at the receiving end.
In case of a phase-segregated transmission the above-mentioned checks are carried
out for each phase. The correct phase allocation is also to be checked.
This test must be carried out at both line ends, on a three terminal line at each line end
for each transmission path. Please take note of the last margin heading “Important for
all Schemes”!
Important for All If the earth fault protection was disabled for the signal transmission tests, it may be re-
Schemes enabled now. If setting parameters were changed for the test (e.g. mode of the echo
function or timers for unambiguous observation of sequences), these must now be re-
set to the prescribed values.
8.3.11.2 Teleprotection with Earth Fault Protection
This section is only relevant if the device is connected to a grounded system and earth
fault protection is applied. The device must therefore be provided with the earth fault
protection function according to its ordering code (position 16 in ordering code: 4 or 5
or 6 or 7). Address (DUWK)DXOW2& must have been preset during
configuration to enable one of the characteristics of this function (according to Section
5.1). Furthermore, the teleprotection must be used for the earth fault protection
(address 7HOHSURW() configured to one of the optional methods). If none of
this is the case, this Section 8.3.11.2 is not relevant.
If the signal transmission path for the earth fault protection is the same path that was
already tested in conjunction with the distance protection according to Sub-section
8.3.11.1, then this Sub-section 8.3.11.2 is of no consequence and may be omitted.
For the functional check of the earth fault protection signal transmission, the distance
protection should be disabled, to avoid interference of the tests by signals from the dis-
tance protection: address )&7'LVWDQFH = 2)).
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Directional Com- Prerequisites: 7HOHSURWHFWLRQIRU(DUWKIDXOWRYHUFXUU 7HOHSURW
parison Pickup, () in address (Section 5.1) must be set to one of the comparison schemes uti-
Unblocking lizing a release signal, i.e. 'LU&RPS3LFNXS or 8QEORFNLQJ; in addition the set-
ting in address must be set to )&77HOHS() 21. Naturally, the correspond-
ing send and receive signals must be assigned to the corresponding binary output and
input. For the echo function, the echo signal must be marshalled separately to the
transmit output.
For more details about the function of the scheme refer to Subsections 6.8.1.1 to
6.8.1.2.
A simple check of the signal transmission path from one line end is possible via the
echo circuit if these release techniques are used. The echo function must be activated
at both line ends i.e. address must be set to )&7:HDN,QIHHG = (&+2RQO\;
with the setting (&+2DQG75,3 a trip may result at the line end opposite to the test
location!
An earth fault is simulated in the direction of the line. This may be done with secondary
injection test equipment. As the device at the opposite line end does not pick up, the
echo function comes into effect there, and consequently a trip command is issued at
the line end being tested.
If no trip command appears, the signal transmission path must be checked again, es-
pecially also the assignment of the echo signals to the transmit outputs.
This test must be carried out at both line ends, in the case of three terminal lines at
each end for each signal transmission path.
The functioning of the echo delay time and monitoring of the circuit breaker switching
status must also be tested at this time if this has not already been done under 8.3.11.1
(the operation of the protection at the opposite line end is checked):
The circuit breaker on the protected feeder must be opened, as must be the circuit
breaker at the opposite line end. A fault is again simulated as before. A receive signal
impulse delayed by somewhat more than twice the signal transmission time appears
via the echo function at the opposite line end, and the device issues a trip command.
The circuit breaker at the opposite line end is now closed (while the isolators remain
open). After simulation of the same fault, the receive and trip command appear again.
In this case however, they are additionally delayed by the echo delay time of the de-
vice at the opposite line end (0,04 s presetting, address 7ULS(FKR'(/$<).
If the response of the echo delay is opposite to the sequence described here, the op-
erating mode of the corresponding binary input (H–active/L–active) at the opposite line
end must be rectified (see Sub-section 5.2.3).
The circuit breaker must be opened again.
This test must also be carried out at both line ends, in the case of three terminal lines
at each line end and for each signal transmission path. Please take note of the last
margin heading “Important for all Schemes”!
Blocking Scheme Prerequisites: 7HOHSURWHFWLRQIRU(DUWKIDXOWRYHUFXUU 7HOHSURW
() in address (Section 5.1) is set to a comparison scheme with a blocking sig-
nal, i.e. %ORFNLQJ; furthermore the setting in address must be )&77HOHS
() 21. Naturally the corresponding send and receive signals must also be assigned
to the corresponding binary output and input.
For more information about the blocking scheme see Subsubsection 6.8.1.3. In the
case of the blocking scheme, communication between the line ends is necessary.
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An earth fault in the reverse direction is simulated at the transmitting line end. Subse-
quently, a fault at the receiving end in the direction of the line is simulated. This can
be achieved with a set of secondary injection test equipment at each end of the line.
As long as the transmitting end is transmitting, no trip signal may appear at the receiv-
ing line end, except is this is as a result of one of the back up stages with a longer
delay time setting. After the simulated fault at the transmitting line end is switched off,
the receiving line end remains blocked for the duration of the transmit prolongation
time of the transmitting line end (6HQG3URORQJ, address ). If applicable, the
transient blocking time of the receiving line end (7U%ON%ORFN7LPH, address )
appears additionally if a finite delay time 7U%ON:DLW7LPH (address ) has
been set and exceeded.
This test must be executed at both line ends, in the case of three terminal lines at each
line end and for each transmission direction. Please take note of the last margin head-
ing “Important for all Schemes”!
Important for all If the distance protection was disabled for the signal transmission tests, it may be re-
Schemes enabled now. If setting parameters were changed for the test (e.g. mode of the echo
function or timers for unambiguous observation of sequences), these must now be re-
set to the prescribed values.
8.3.11.3 Transfer trip signal transmission for breaker failure protection and/or stub protection
If the transfer trip command for breaker failure protection or stub protection is to be
transmitted to the remote end, this transmission must also be checked.
To check the transmission the breaker failure protection function is initiated by a
test current (secondary) with the circuit breaker in the open position. Make sure that
the correct circuit breaker reaction takes place at the remote end.
Each transmission path must be checked on lines with more than two ends.
8.3.11.4 Signal Transmission for Internal and External Remote Tripping
The 7SA522 provides the possibility to transmit a remote trip signal to the opposite line
end if a signal transmission path is available for this purpose. This remote trip signal
may be derived from both an internally generated trip signal as well as from any signal
coming from an external protection or control device.
If an internal signal is used, the initiation of the transmitter must be checked. If the sig-
nal transmission path is the same and has already been checked in one of the previ-
ous subsections, it need not be checked again here. Otherwise the initiating event is
simulated and the response of the circuit breaker at the opposite line end is verified.
In the case of the distance protection, the permissive underreach scheme may be
used to trip the remote line end. The procedure is then the same as was the case for
permissive underreach (Sub-section 8.3.11.1 under “Permissive Underreach Trans-
fer”); however the received signal causes a direct trip.
For the remote transmission, the external command input is employed on the receiv-
ing line end; it is therefore a prerequisite that: in address the setting '77'LUHFW
7ULS is set to (QDEOHG and that in address the setting '77'LUHFW7ULS is
set to 21. If the signal transmission path is the same and has already been checked
as part of the previous subsections, it need not be checked again here. A function
check is sufficient, whereby the externally derived command is executed. For this pur-
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pose the external tripping event is simulated and the response of the circuit breaker at
the opposite line end is verified.
8.3.12 Testing User-Defined Functions
7SA522 has a vast capability for allowing functions to be defined by the user, espe-
cially with the CFC logic. Any special function or logic added to the device must be
checked.
Naturally, general test procedures cannot be given. Rather, the configuration of these
user defined functions and the necessary associated conditions must be known and
verified. Of particular importance are possible interlocking conditions of the switch-
gear (circuit breakers, isolators, etc.). They must be considered and tested.
8.3.13 Trip and Close Test with the Circuit Breaker
The circuit breaker and tripping circuits can be conveniently tested by the device
7SA522. This may be done for one or two circuit breakers.
The procedure is described in detail in Section 7.3.
If the check does not produce the expected results, the cause may be established from
the text in the display of the device or the PC. If necessary, the connections of the cir-
cuit breaker auxiliary contacts must be checked:
It must be noted that the binary inputs used for the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts
must be assigned separately for the CB-test. It is accordingly not sufficient that the
auxiliary contacts are assigned to the binary inputs with FNo to DQG
(depending on the options of the auxiliary contacts); in addition, the
corresponding FNos to or and/or(according to the functions the
auxiliary contacts provide) must be configured. In the CB-test only the latter ones are
analysed. See also Subsection 6.17.2. Furthermore, the ready state of the circuit
breaker for the CB-test must be indicated to the binary input with FNo .
8.3.14 Switching Check for the Configured Operating Devices
Switching If the configured operating devices were not switched sufficiently in the hardware test
via Command already described (Subsection 8.3.3), all configured switching devices must be
switched on and off from the device via the integrated control element. The feedback
information of the circuit breaker position injected via binary inputs is read out at the
device and compared with the actual breaker position. For devices with graphic
display this is easy to do with the control display.
The switching procedure is described in Section 7.4.1. The switching authority must
be set in correspondence with the source of commands used. The switching mode can
be selected from interlocked and non-interlocked switching. Please take note that non-
interlocked switching can be a safety hazard.
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Switching from a If the device is connected to a remote substation via a system (SCADA) interface, the
Remote Control corresponding switching tests may also be checked from the substation. Please also
Centre take into consideration that the switching authority is set in correspondence with the
source of commands used.
8.3.15 Triggering Oscillographic Recordings
At the end of commissioning, an investigation of switching operations of the circuit
breaker(s) or primary switching device(s), under load conditions, should be done to
assure the stability of the protection during the dynamic processes. Oscillographic re-
cordings obtain the maximum information about the behaviour of the 7SA522.
Requirements Along with the capability of recording waveform data during system faults, the 7SA522
also has the capability of capturing the same data when commands are given to the
device via the service program DIGSI® 4, the serial interfaces, or a binary input. For
the latter, the binary input must be assigned to the function “!7ULJJHU:DYHIRUP
&DSWXUH” (FNo 4). Triggering for the oscillographic recording then occurs when the
input is energized. For example, an auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker or primary
switch may be used to control the binary input for triggering.
An oscillographic recording that is externally triggered (that is, without a protective el-
ement pick-up or device trip) is processed by the device as a normal fault recording
with the exception that data are not given in the fault messages. The externally trig-
gered record has a number for establishing a sequence.
Triggering with To trigger oscillographic recording with DIGSI® 4, click on 7HVW in the left part of the
DIGSI® 4 window. Double click the entry 7HVW:DYH)RUP in the list in the right part of the win-
dow to trigger the recording. See Figure 8-28.
Figure 8-28 Triggering oscillographic recording with DIGSI® 4 – example
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A report is given in the bottom left region of the screen. In addition, message segments
concerning the progress of the procedure are displayed.
The SIGRA® program or the Comtrade Viewer program is required to view and ana-
lyse the oscillographic data.
8.3.16 Generate Indications
A test of the SCADA interface to verify that messages are being correctly transmitted
and received can be done with DIGSI® 4. With the program Online, click on Test, and
then double-click on Test System Port in the right window. The dialog box Generate
indications appears, as shown in Figure 8-29.
Figure 8-29 Dialog Box: Generate indications
The indication column displays all of the messages that are configured (masked) for
the SCADA interface in the matrix. The SETPOINT status column shows the value of
each message. The values available depend on the message type. Most values are
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Installation and Commissioning
either ON or OFF. The value of a message to be sent can be changed by clicking on
the field for the value, and selecting the desired option from the drop-down list.
Warning!
Messages issued over the SCADA interface using the System Interface Test appear
as actual operational messages sent by the SIPROTEC® device. Depending on sys-
tem design, the result could be the operation of primar equipment including circuit
breakers or disconnectors. Knowledge of the system design is therefore important. If
undesired operations can occur during the testing, then outputs of the SIPROTEC®
device must be manually disconnected.
The first time a button is clicked in the Action column to send a message, Password
No. 6 (for hardware test menus) is requested, After correct input of the password, mes-
sages can be individually transmitted. To send a message, click on the Action button
of the corresponding line. The corresponding message is then sent. The message can
be read in the Event Log of the SIPROTEC® device and in the SCADA.
The capability of sending further messages remains until the dialog box is closed.
Note:
When the System Interface Test is terminated, the device changes to the start-up
mode (reboots). All hardware components are returned to the operating conditions de-
termined by the substation settings; however, all message buffers are deleted. Any
data required from the message buffers must therefor be read before the test is
closed.
Ending the To end the System Interface Test, click on Close. The device is briefly out of service
Procedure while the start-up routine is executed. The dialog box closes.
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8.4 Final Preparation of the Device
Tighten the used screws at the terminals; those ones not being used should be slightly
fastened. Ensure all pin connectors are properly inserted.
Caution!
Do not use force! The tightening torques according to Chapter 2 must not be exceed-
ed as the threads and terminal chambers may otherwise be damaged!
Verify that all service settings are correct. This is a crucial step because some setting
changes might have been made during commissioning. The protective settings under
device configuration, input/output configuration are especially important (Section 5.1)
as well as the power system data, and activated Groups A through D (if applicable).
All desired elements and functions must be set 21. See Chapter 6. Keep a copy of all
of the in-service settings on a PC.
Check the internal clock of the device. If necessary, set the clock or synchronize the
clock if it is not automatically synchronized. For assistance, refer to Subsection 7.2.1.
The annunciation memory buffers should be cleared, particularly the operational mes-
sages (event log) and fault messages (trip log). Future information will then only apply
for actual system events and faults. To clear the buffers, press 0$,10(18 → $Q
QXQFLDWLRQ → 6HW5HVHW. Refer to Subsection 7.1.1 if further assistance is need-
ed. The numbers in the switching statistics should be reset to the values that were ex-
isting prior to the testing, or to values in accordance with the user’s practices. Set the
statistics by pressing 0$,10(18 → $QQXQFLDWLRQ → 6WDWLVWLF. Refer to Sub-
section 7.1.2 if more information is needed.
Press the ESC key, several times if necessary, to return to the default display.
Clear the LEDs on the front panel by pressing the LED key. Any output relays that were
picked up prior to clearing the LEDs are reset when the clearing action is performed.
Future indications of the LEDs will then apply only for actual events or faults. Pressing
the LED key also serves as a test for the LEDs because they should all light when the
button is pushed. Any LEDs that are lit after the clearing attempt are displaying actual
conditions.
The green “581” LED must be on. The red “(5525” LED must not be lit.
Close the protective switches. If test switches are available, then these must be in the
operating position.
The device is now ready for operation.
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Routine Checks and Maintenance 9
General comments about the routine checks and maintenance activities to ensure the
high reliability of the 7SA522 are given in this chapter. A procedure for replacing com-
ponents such as the buffer battery is discussed. Troubleshooting advice is provided.
A procedure for replacing the power supply fuse is described. Some comments con-
cerning the return of a device to the factory are given.
9.1 General 9-2
9.2 Routine Checks 9-3
9.3 Maintenance 9-4
9.4 Troubleshooting 9-7
9.5 Corrective Action / Repairs 9-10
9.6 Return 9-13
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
9.1 General
Siemens numerical protective and control SIPROTEC® 4 devices are designed to re-
quire no special maintenance. All measurement and signal processing circuits are fully
solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output relays are hermeti-
cally sealed or provided with protective covers.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the
output relays, hardware and software problems are automatically reported. The self-
monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a cor-
rective rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks
in short intervals are not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected.
The “live status” relay drops out to provide an alarm by its breaking contact. If a prob-
lem is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides
messages.
Recognized software failures result in the resetting and restarting of the processor
system. If such a failure is not resolved by the restart, further restart attempts are ini-
tiated. If a problem is still present after three restart attempts, the device is automati-
cally taken out of service. Then the “live status” contact drops out to provide an alarm
and the red “ERROR” LED on the front panel illuminates.
The reaction of the device to failures and problems can be viewed in chronological se-
quence in the operational messages (event log). See Sub-section 7.1.1. The messag-
es can be used to diagnose the problem.
When the device communicates with a master control system of the substation or oth-
er central control systems, the event and alarm messages are also sent over the serial
interface.
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9.2 Routine Checks
Routine checks of the characteristic curves or pick-up values of the protective ele-
ments are not necessary because they form part of the continuously supervised
firmware programs. The normally scheduled interval for plant maintenance can be
used for carrying out operational testing of the protective and control equipment. The
maintenance serves mainly to check the serial or hardwired interfaces of the device,
i.e. the coupling with the plant.
The steps listed below are recommended for routine checks. If a problem is detected
during these checks, refer to Section 9.4.
o Verify that the green “RUN” LED is lit on the front panel and the red “ERROR” LED is
not.
o Check that the states of the LEDs on the front panel give an accurate image of the
conditions of the device and the plant. Investigate any problems or uncertainties.
o Press the LED key. All of the LEDs should temporarily light except for the “ERROR”
LED. Only the LEDs indicating specific present conditions should remain lit.
o Read the measurement values and compare them to an independent source to check
the measuring circuits of the 7XX999. Refer to Sub-section 7.1.3 for assistance in
reading the measurement values.
o Review the messages given under the $QQXQFLDWLRQ sub-menu. Be sure there are
no reports of unknown problems or abnormal occurrences related to the device, the
measuring circuits, or the power system. All information should be plausible. See Sub-
section 7.1.1.2 for help in reading the messages.
o Perform a reset (reboot) of the device. A complete check of the hardware is done. The
device is effectively out of service during the reset, which lasts for about 10 to 15 sec-
onds. To perform the reset from the operator control panel, press the MENU key and use
the and keys to select the 'HYLFH5HVHW under the 7(67',$*126( sub-
menu. Press the ENTER key, enter Password No. 4 for test and diagnostics, and answer
with <HV. During the reset, the “ERROR” and “RUN” LEDs are lit, the other LEDs flash,
and the display becomes blank. After a successful reset, the default display reappears
and the LEDs return to indicate normal operation. The device is then back in-service.
To perform the reset with DIGSI® 4, establish the 2QOLQH mode, select 'HYLFH in the
menu bar, and then 5HVHW Enter the password for test and diagnostics; then 2..
Warning!
Changing of the states of the binary inputs, outputs, and LEDs must not be done with
test features during normal operation. Any such change immediately affects the inputs
and outputs of the device, and therefore the connected switching devices! This in-
cludes, for instance, non-interlocked primary switching!
o The trip and close circuits for circuit breakers and other primary equipment can be ver-
ified with operator control actions. Refer to Section 7.3 for details about system con-
trol.
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
9.3 Maintenance
9.3.1 Replacing the Buffer Battery
The battery is used to retain the annunciation memories and fault recording data in the
event of an interruption of the power supply. The battery also maintains the internal
system clock with calendar after a loss of the power supply.
The battery is checked by the processor at regular intervals. If the capacity of the bat-
tery is found to be declining, an alarm is generated.
The battery should be changed when an alarm is given, or at the latest, after 10 years
of service.
Recommended Battery:
Lithium Battery 3 V/1 Ah, Type CR 1/2 AA. For example:
− VARTA Order Number 6127 101 501
The way of replacing the battery depends on the device version. We distinguish be-
tween devices for panel flush mounting and cubicle flush mounting and panel surface
mounting or mounting with detached operator panel.
9.3.1.1 Battery Change on Devices with Panel Flush Mounting and Cubicle Flush Mounting as well as
Panel Surface Mounting
The battery is located near the front edge of the CPU printed circuit board. The front
panel of the device must be removed to change the battery.
To replace the battery:
o Save the annunciations and fault records. These are the data under the Annunciation
sub-menu (all items in this sub-menu). The records and data are lost when the battery
is removed. The simplest and fastest method is to use the save feature in DIGSI® 4
when the program is on-line.
Note: All of the protective and control settings, including the input/output configuration
and the CFC logic, are not affected by a power supply interruption. The settings are
stored independently of the battery. The settings are not lost when the battery is re-
moved, nor are the settings affected if the device operates without a battery.
o Have the replacement battery ready.
Caution!
Do not short the battery! Do not reverse the polarity of the battery! Do not lay the bat-
tery on the ground mat used to protect components from electrostatic discharges! Do
not recharge the battery!
o Isolate the power supply by opening the protective switches for both terminals.
o Remove the covers on the front panel and loosen the screws that are securing the
front panel.
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Caution!
Electrostatic discharges through the connections of the components, wiring, and con-
nectors must be avoided. Wearing a grounded wrist strap is preferred; otherwise,
touch a grounded metal part before handling the internal components.
Warning!
Hazardous voltages may exist in the device, even after the power supply is discon-
nected and the boards are withdrawn from the case! Capacitors can still be charged!
o Carefully pull off the front panel and bend it aside. The front panel is connected to the
internal CPU printed circuit board with a short ribbon-cable.
o Disconnect the ribbon-cable that links the front panel and the CPU board (¯), at the
side of the front panel. To disconnect the cable, push up on the top latch of the plug
connector and push down on the bottom latch of the plug connector. Carefully set
aside the front panel.
o The battery is located on the bottom-front side of the CPU (¯) board. See Figure 9-1.
Battery grip
Battery
+ –
G1
Slot 5 Slot 19 ¯ Processor board CPU
¯ ° ° Input/output board I/O
Figure 9-1 Front view without front panel – position of buffer battery (simplified and re-
duced)
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
o Remove the old battery from the snap-on connector using the plastic battery grip
shown in Figure 9-1.
o Remove the battery grip from the old battery, and place the grip on the new battery.
o Observing the polarity and firmly insert the new battery into the snap-on connector
shown in Figure 9-1.
o Connect the ribbon-cable between the CPU (¯) board and the front panel. Be espe-
cially careful not to bend any of the connector pins! Do not use any force! Be sure that
the plug connectors latch.
o Carefully replace the front panel being mindful of the ribbon-cable. Fasten the panel
to the case with the screws.
o Replace the covers.
o Close the protective switches to apply voltage to the power supply.
o After the device is operating, data saved in DIGSI® 4 can be loaded back into the de-
vice.
If the internal system clock is not automatically synchronized via a serial interface,
then the clock should be set at this point. Refer to Sub-section 7.2.1 if assistance is
needed to set the clock.
Warning!
The used battery contains Lithium. Do not throw the battery into the trash! It must be
disposed off in line with the applicable regulations!
Do not reverse the polarity! Do not completely discharge! Do not throw the bat-
tery into a fire! Explosion hazard!
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
9.4 Troubleshooting
If a device reports a problem or failure, the procedure below is recommended.
If none of the LEDs on the front panel are lit, then verify:
o Are the printed circuit boards fully inserted, in the correct slots, and properly connect-
ed to the front panel.
o Are the plug connectors of the flat cable plugged into the printed circuit boards and do
the lockings snap properly?
o Is the auxiliary voltage high enough? Is the polarity at the corresponding connections
correct?
o Are the voltage magnitude and polarity correct for the power supply. Connection draw-
ings are shown in Section A.2 of the Appendix.
o Has the fuse in the power supply not blown. The location of the fuse is shown in Figure
9-6. If the fuse needs to be replaced, see Sub-section 9.5.2.
o If the red “ERROR” LED is on and the green “RUN” LED is off, then the device has
recognized an internal fault. Re-initializing the device can be attempted, see Section
9.2.
If you see the following annunciation, the device has arrived “monitor”-mode. In this
case you may initialize the device via DIGSI® 4:
021,725
(TXLSPHQWGDWD²!
8VHULQWHUIDFH²!
6\VWHP,IDFH²!
5HVHW²!
6LHPHQVLQVWHQ²!
Figure 9-2 Monitor annunciation in device display
q Connect the SIPROTEC® 4 device to the PC and open the DIGSI® 4 application in
the PC.
q Select ,QLWLDOL]HGHYLFH in the menu 'HYLFH (Figure 9-3).
Figure 9-3 Initializing device via DIGSI® 4
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
q Enter password No. 7. The display becomes blank. The annunciation in the device
display first disappears. After a successful initialization, the LEDs return to indicate
normal operation and the default display reappears. The device settings are down-
loaded to the device provided they had been saved in the PC after commissioning
(refer to Section 8.4). The device is then in-service.
Further Assistance If these steps do not resolve the problem, please call your local Siemens representa-
tive or customer hot-line.
Our customer hot-line needs the following information to assist you:
− the complete order number (MLFB) of the device,
− the serial number of the device (BF...),
− the firmware version,
− the parameter set version.
This information is found in the device file of DIGSI® 4 as shown in Figure 9-5. Go to
the 0DLQ0HQX and select 3DUDPHWHUV→6HWXS([WUDV→0/)%9HU
VLRQThe odering number and serial number. The ordering number and the serial
number can also be read from the name-plate on the top of the device.
Furthermore these data can also be read out in the file created for the device in
DIGSI® 4, as shown in Figure 9-4.
q Open the DIGSI® 4 application in the PC and select the device.
q Double click on this item. The 2SHQ'HYLFH dialogue box opens, as shown in Fig-
ure 9-4.
Figure 9-4 DIGSI® 4, dialogue field Open Device
q Select the 2IIOLQH mode and click 2.; the initial DIGSI® 4 window opens.
q Select )LOH → 3URSHUWLHV from the menu bar. The desired information is shown.
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
Figure 9-5 Retrieving the device data in the device properties
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9.5 Corrective Action / Repairs
9.5.1 Software Procedures
A restart of the processor system, as described in Section 9.2, can be done as an at-
tempt to solve a problem. Setting changes can be made to solve simple problems,
such as sporadic alarms from elements of the measured value supervision. These at-
tempts of solving problems can be done while the device is in service.
If a processor restart or setting change does not remedy the problem, then no further
action should be done while the device is in service. Instead, replace the device with
a tested spare.
9.5.2 Hardware Procedures
Hardware modifications or repair should be limited in scope to changes that are abso-
lutely necessary. Some examples of hardware repair are changing the mini-fuse in the
power supply and replacing a printed circuit board or module.
Hardware modifications or repair should only be done by experienced personnel. Do
not insert or extract a printed circuit board unless the device is completely isolated.
Soldering work must not be done on the printed circuit boards.
Disassembling the The device must be disassembled if work is to be done on the printed circuit boards.
Device The procedure below should be used.
o Prepare area of work. Provide a grounded mat for protecting components subject to
damage from electrostatic discharges (ESD). The following equipment is needed:
− Screwdriver with a 5 to 6 mm or 1/4 inch tip.
− #1 Phillips screwdriver.
− 4.5 mm socket or nut driver.
o Isolate the power supply by opening the protective switches (test switches, fuses, or
miniature circuit breakers) for both terminals.
o Disconnect all communication cables from the device. Carefully remove optical fibres
S
from the device. Apply protective caps to the fibre ends and the communication ports
on the device.
These activities do not apply if the device is for surface mounting.
Warning!
Laser injection! Do not look into the LEDs or fibre-optic elements! Do not use optical
instruments! Laser class 3A according to EN 60825–1.
o Unfasten the screw-posts of the D-subminiature connector on the back panel at loca-
tion “A”.
This activity does not apply if the device is for surface mounting.
9-10 7SA522 Manual
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
o If the device has more communication interfaces at locations “B” and/or “C” on the
rear, the screws located diagonally to the interfaces must be removed.
These activities are not necessary if the device is for surface mounting.
o Remove the corner covers on the front panel and loosen the screws that are holding
the front panel to the device case.
o Carefully pull off the front panel. The front panel is connected to the CPU board with
a short ribbon-cable.
On devices with detached operator panel, the front panel can be pulled off directly
(without a ribbon cable).
Caution!
Electrostatic discharges through the connections of the components, wiring, and con-
nectors must be avoided! Wearing a grounded wrist strap is preferred; otherwise, first
touch a grounded metal part. Do not insert or remove interface connectors under live
conditions!
Warning!
Hazardous voltages may exist in the device, even after the power supply is discon-
nected and the boards are withdrawn from the case! Capacitors can still be charged!
o At one end, disconnect the ribbon-cable that links the front panel and the CPU board
(å), at the side of the front panel. To disconnect the cable, push up on the top latch of
the plug connector and push down on the bottom latch of the plug connector. Carefully
set aside the front panel.
For the surface mounted device, the 7-pin connector X16 must be disconnected from
the CPU board behind the D-subminiature port, and the ribbon-cable that runs to the
68-pin connector on the back must be detached.
o Disconnect the ribbon-cable between the CPU board and the I/O board.
o The boards can be removed and laid on the grounded mat to protect them from ESD
damage.
A greater effort is required to remove the CPU board from the device designed for sur-
face mounting, because of the type of connectors.
Replacing the The fuse is located on the I/O board C–I/O–1 which also houses the power supply
Power Supply Fuse module.
o Keep ready replacement fuse 5 x 20 mm. Verify the correct rating, correct character-
istic (T) as well as the correct coding.
This data is printed on the module next to the fuse (see Figure 9-6). The type of fuse
depends on the auxiliary supply voltage, e.g. for 24 to 48 VDC the fuse type
“T4H250V” according to IEC 60127–2 is required (refer to Table 9-1). To maintain the
UL–approval, only UL approved fuses may be used (e.g. Messrs. Wickmann. type
181).
o Remove the defective fuse. Figure 9-6 illustrates the fuse.
7SA522 Manual 9-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Routine Checks and Maintenance
2 3 4
C53207-A324-B30-
C53207-A324-B40-
C53207-A324-B20-
F1
B20 T4H250V
B30 B40 T2H250V
Figure 9-6 Power supply mini-fuse on the input/output printed circuit board C–I/O–1
Table 9-1 Assigning of the mini-fuse rating to the device auxiliary voltage rating
7SA522∗ Version Rated Auxiliary Voltages Fuse Type
–2∗∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗ 24 V to 48 V— T4H250V
–4∗∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗ 60 V to 125 V— T2H250V
–5∗∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗ 110 V to 250 V—, 115 V∼ T2H250V
–6∗∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗ 220 V to 250 V—, 115 V∼ T2H250V
o Install the new fuse into the holder.
o Carefully install the I/O board C–I/O–1 in the case. The insertion locations are indicat-
ed in Figures 8-7 and 8-8 in Sub-section 8.1.3.
Reassembling the To reassemble the device:
Device
o Connect the ribbon-cable between the I/O board and the CPU board. Be especially
careful not to bend any of the connector pins! Do not use force! Be sure the connectors
latch.
o Connect the ribbon-cable between the CPU board and the front panel. Be especially
careful not to bend any of the connector pins! Do not use force! Be sure the plug con-
nectors latch.
o Carefully replace the front panel being mindful of the ribbon-cables. Fasten the front
panel to the case with the screws.
o Replace the covers.
The following steps are not applicable for the surface mount version:
o Align and fix the rear interfaces again.
o Attach all D-subminiature plugs to the matching D-subminiature sockets.
o Screw in all the fibre optical connectors where applicable.
9-12 7SA522 Manual
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
o Tighten all optical connectors. When connecting an FC–connector make sure that its
lug is plugged properly into the slot of the socket and it does not come out when tight-
ening the knurled nut. The knurled nut must not be tightened too strong.
Warning!
Laser injection! Do not look into the LEDs or fibre-optic elements! Do not use optical
instruments! Laser class 3A according to EN 60825–1.
Close the protective switches to apply voltage to the power supply. If the green “RUN”
LED does not light, there is a fault in the power supply. The device should be sent to
the factory. See Section 9.6.
9.6 Return
Siemens strongly recommends that no further repairs on defective devices, boards,
or components be done. Special electronic components are used for which proce-
dures for preventing electrostatic discharges must be followed. Most importantly, spe-
cial production techniques are necessary to avoid damaging the wave-soldered multi-
layer boards, the sensitive components, and the protective varnish.
If a problem cannot be solved by the procedures described in Section 9.5, then the
complete device (including front cover) should be returned to the factory.
The original transport packaging material should be used for returning a device. If al-
ternative packaging material is used, then the device and other contents must be pro-
vided with protection against shock and vibration according to IEC 60255–21–1
Class 2 and IEC 60255–21–2 Class 1.
Before returning a device, retrieve and save all of the configuration, function and con-
trol settings, and any important information. Note any changes that were made to the
jumpers on the internal printed circuit boards after the device was first delivered.
Note:
Repaired devices are returned from the factory with all jumpers on the
printed circuit boards set in the original positions according to the order-
ing number. All configuration, function and control parameters have the
default setting.
7SA522 Manual 9-13
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Routine Checks and Maintenance
9-14 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data 10
This chapter provides the technical data of the SIPROTEC® 4 7SA522 device and its
individual functions, including the limiting values that must not be exceeded under any
circumstances. The electrical and functional data of fully equipped 7SA522 devices
are followed by the mechanical data, with dimensional drawings.
10.1 General Device Data 10-2
10.2 Distance Protection 10-12
10.3 Power Swing Supplement (optional) 10-14
10.4 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes 10-14
10.5 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional) 10-15
10.6 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional) 10-21
10.7 Weak-Infeed Tripping 10-22
10.8 Protection Data Interface and Distance Protection Topology (optional)
10-23
10.9 External Direct and Remote Tripping 10-24
10.10 Overcurrent Protection 10-24
10.11 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection 10-27
10.12 Automatic Re-closure Function (optional) 10-27
10.13 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) 10-28
10.14 Voltage Protection (optional) 10-29
10.15 Fault Location 10-31
10.16 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional) 10-32
10.17 Monitoring Functions 10-33
10.18 Transmission of Binary Information (optional) 10-34
10.19 Supplementary Functions 10-35
10.20 Dimensions 10-37
7SA522 Manual 10-1
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Technical Data
10.1 General Device Data
10.1.1 Analog Inputs
Nominal frequency fN 50 Hz or 60 Hz(adjustable)
Current Inputs Nominal current IN 1 A or 5 A
Power consumption per phase and earth path
– at IN = 1 A approx. 0.05 VA
– at IN = 5 A approx. 0.3 VA
– Sensitive earth fault detection at 1 A approx. 0.05 VA
Current overload capability per input
– thermal (rms) 500 A for 1 s
150 A for 10 s
20 A continuous
– dynamic (pulse) 1250 A (half cycle)
Current overload capability for sensitive earth current input
– thermal (rms) 300 A for 1 s
100 A for 10 s
15 A continuous
– dynamic (pulse) 750 A (half cycle)
Voltage Inputs Nominal voltage UN 80 V to 125 V (adjustable)
Power consumption per phase at 100 V ≤0.1 VA
Current overload capability per phase
– thermal (rms) 230 V continuous
10.1.2 Power Supply
Direct Voltage Voltage supply via integrated DC/DC converter:
Nominal power supply direct voltage UNDC 24/48 VDC 60/110/125 VDC
Permissible voltage ranges 19 to 58 VDC 48 to 150 VDC
Nominal power supply direct voltage UNDC 110/125/220/250 VDC 220/250 VDC
Permissible voltage ranges 88 to 300 VDC 176 to 300 VDC
Permissible AC Ripple Voltage,
peak to peak ≤15 % of the nominal power supply voltage
Power consumption
– quiescent approx. 5 W
– energized with 7SA522*–*A/E/J approx. 12 W
with 7SA522*–*C/G/L/N/Q/S approx. 15 W
with 7SA522*–*D/H/M/P/R/T approx. 18 W
plus approx. 1.5 W per interface module
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Technical Data
Bridging time for failure/short-circuit ≥50 ms at UH = 48 V and UNDC ≥ 110 V
of the power supply ≥20 ms at UH = 24 V and UNDC = 60 V
Alternating Voltage Voltage supply via integrated AC/DC converter
Nominal power supply alternating voltage UNAC 115 VAC
Permissible voltage ranges 92 to 132 VAC
Power consumption
– quiescent approx. 7 VA
– energized with 7SA522*–*A/E/J approx. 17 VA
with 7SA522*–*C/G/L/N/Q/S approx. 20 VA
with 7SA522*–*D/H/M/P/R/T approx. 23 VA
plus approx. 1.5 VA per interface module
Bridging time for failure/short-circuit ≥ 50 ms
of the power supply
10.1.3 Binary Inputs and Outputs
Binary Inputs Number
– 7SA522*–*A/E/J 8 (allocatable)
– 7SA522*–*C/G/L/N/Q/S 16 (allocatable)
– 7SA522*–*D/H/M/P/R/T 24 (allocatable)
Nominal voltage 24 VDC to 250 VDC in 3 ranges, bipolar
Switching thresholds adjustable with jumpers
– for nominal voltages 24/48 VDC Upick-up ≥ 19 VDC
60/110/125 VDC Udrop-off ≤ 14 VDC
– for nominal voltages 110/125/ Upick-up ≥ 88 VDC
220/250 VDC Udrop-off ≤ 66 VDC
– for nominal voltages 220/250 VDC Upick-up ≥ 176 VDC
Udrop-off ≤ 117 VDC
Current consumption, energized approx. 1.8 mA
independent of the control voltage
Maximum permissible voltage 300 VDC
Impulse filter on input 220 nF coupling capacity at 220 V
with recovery time >60 ms
Binary Outputs Output relay (see also General Diagrams in Section A.2 of Appendix A)
Number and Information acc. to the order variant
(allocatable)
7SA522 Manual 10-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Order Variant NO NO NO NO/NC
Contact Contact Contact (switch
(normal) (fast) (high–speed) selectable)
7SA522∗–∗A/E/J 7 7 – 1
7SA522∗–∗C/G/L 14 7 – 2
7SA522∗–∗N/Q/S 14 3 5 1
7SA522∗–∗D/H/M 21 7 – 3
7SA522∗–∗P/R/T 21 3 5 2
Switching capability MAKE 1000 W/VA
BREAK 30 VA
40 W ohmic
25 W/VA for L/R ≤ 50 ms
Switching voltage 250 V
Permissible current per contact/ 5 A permanent
pulse current 30 A ≤ 0.5 s
Total permissible current 5 A permanent
on common paths 30 A for 0.5 s
Max. switching for 48 V to 250 V –
capability for 30 s for 24 V –
Permissible relative closing time –
Operating time, approx. 8 ms 5 ms 1 ms 8 ms
Alarm relay/Live Status contact 1, with 1 NO or NC contact
(selectable)
Switching capability MAKE 1000 W/VA
BREAK 30 VA
40 W ohmic
25 W for L/R ≤ 50 ms
Switching capability for MAKE 1000 W/VA
High–Speed Relay BREAK 30 VA
Switching voltage 250 V
Permissible current per contact 5 A continuous
30 A for 0.5 s
Permissible total current on 5 A continuous
common paths 30 A for 0.5 s
10-4 7SA522 Manual
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Technical Data
10.1.4 Communications Interfaces
Protection Data see Section 10.8
Interfaces
Operation Interface – Connection front panel, non-isolated, RS 232
9-pin DSUB socket
for connecting a personal computer
– Operation with DIGSI® 4
– Transmission speed min. 4800 Baud; max. 115200 Baud
factory setting: 38400 Baud; parity: 8E1
– Maximum transmission distance 15 m (50 ft)
Rear Service/ RS232/RS485/Optical isolated interface for data transfer
Modem Interface acc. ordered version
(optional)
Operation with DIGSI® 4
RS232
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “C”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case
up to /DD at the terminal on the case bottom
beginning with /EE at the inclined housing on the case bottom
9-pin DSUB socket
shielded data cable
– Test voltage 500 V; 50 Hz
– Transmission speed min. 4800 Baud; max. 115200 Baud
factory setting: 38400 Baud
– Maximum transmission distance 15 m (50 ft)
RS485
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “C”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case
up to /DD at the terminal on the case bottom
beginning with /EE at the inclined housing on the case bottom
9-pin DSUB socket
shielded data cable
– Test voltage 500 V; 50 Hz
– Transmission speed min. 4800 Baud; max. 115200 Baud
factory setting: 38400 Baud
– Maximum transmission distance 1000 m (3280 ft)
7SA522 Manual 10-5
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Technical Data
Optical fibre
– Connector Type ST–connector
for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “C”
for surface mounted case at the inclined housing on the case bottom
– Optical wavelength λ = 820 nm
– Laser class 1 acc. EN 60825–1/ –2 using glass fibre 50/125 µm or
using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Permissible optical signal attenuation max. 8 dB using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Maximum transmission distance 1.5 km (0.93 miles)
– Character idle state selectable; factory setting: “Light off”
System Interface RS232/RS485/Optical floating interface for data transfer
(optional) Profibus RS485/Profibus Optical to a master terminal
acc. to ordered version
RS232
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “B”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case
up to /DD at the terminal on the case bottom
beginning with /EE at the inclined housing on the case bottom
9-pin DSUB socket
– Test voltage 500 V; 50 Hz
– Transmission speed min. 4800 Bd, max. 38400 Bd
factory setting: 19200 Bd
– Maximum transmission distance 15 m (50 ft)
RS485
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “B”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case
up to /DD at the terminal on the case bottom
beginning with /EE at the inclined housing on the case bottom
9-pin DSUB socket
– Test voltage 500 V, 50 Hz
– Transmission speed min. 4800 Bd, max. 38400 Bd
factory setting: 19200 Bd
– Maximum transmission distance 1000 m (3280 ft)
Profibus RS485
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “B”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case
up to /DD at the terminal on the case bottom
beginning with /EE at the inclined housing on the case bottom
9-pin DSUB socket
– Test voltage 500 V; 50 Hz
10-6 7SA522 Manual
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Technical Data
– Transmission speed up to 12 MBd
– Maximum transmission distance 1000 m (3280 ft)at ≤ 93.75 kBd
500 m (1640 ft)at ≤ 187.5 kBd
200 m (660 ft)at ≤ 1.5 MBd
100 m (330 ft)at ≤ 12 MBd
Optical fibre
– Connector Type ST–connector
for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “B”
for surface mounted case at the inclined housing on the case bottom
– Optical wavelength λ = 820 nm
– Laser class 1 acc. EN 60825–1/ –2 using glass fibre 50/125 µm or
using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Permissible optical signal attenuation max. 8 dB, using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Maximum transmission distance 1.5 km (0.93 miles)
– Character idle state selectable; factory setting: “Light off”
Profibus Optical
– Connector Type ST–plug
single ring or twin ring depending on
ordered version
– Connection for flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “B”
for surface mounted case please use the relay with Profibus RS485
interface and separate fibre optic converter.
– Transmission speed to 1.5 MBd
recommended: > 500 kBd
– Optical wavelength λ = 820 nm
– Laser class 1 acc. EN 60825–1/ –2 using glass fibre 50/125 µm or
using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Permissible optical signal attenuation max. 8 dB using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
– Maximum transmission distance 1500 m (4920 ft)
Time Synchroniza- – Signal type DCF77/IRIG B-Signal
tion
– Connectionfor flush mounted case rear panel, mounting location “A”
9-pin DSUB socket
for surface mounted case at the terminal on the case bottom
– Nominal signal voltages optional 5 V, 12 V or 24 V
– Signal level and burden:
Nominal signal input voltage
5V 12 V 24 V
UIHigh 6.0 V 15.8 V 31 V
UILow 1.0 V at IILow = 0.25 mA 1.4 V at IILow = 0.25 mA 1.9 V at IILow = 0.25 mA
IIHigh 4.5 mA to 9.4 mA 4.5 mA to 9.3 mA 4.5 mA to 8.7 mA
RI 890 Ω at UI = 4 V 1930 Ω at UI = 8.7 V 3780 Ω at UI = 17 V
640 Ω at UI = 6 V 1700 Ω at UI = 15.8 V 3560 Ω at UI = 31 V
7SA522 Manual 10-7
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Technical Data
10.1.5 Electrical Tests
Specifications Standards: IEC 60255 (Product standards)
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.0; C37.90.0.1;
C37.90.0.2
UL 508
DIN 57435 Part 303
See also standards for individual functions
Insulation Tests Standards: IEC 60255–5 and 60870–2–1
– High voltage test (routine test) 2.5 kV (rms); 50 Hz
all circuits except power supply,
binary inputs, and
communication/time sync. interfaces
– High voltage test (routine test) 3.5 kVDC
only power supply and binary inputs
– High Voltage Test (routine test) 500 V (rms); 50 Hz
only isolated communication
/time sync. interfaces
– Impulse voltage test (type test) 5 kV (peak); 1.2/50 µs; 0.5 Ws; 3 positive
all circuits except communication and 3 negative impulses in intervals of 5 s
/time sync. interfaces, class III
EMC Tests; Inter- Standards: IEC 60255–6 and –22 (Product standards)
ference Immunity EN 50082–2 (Generic standard)
(Type Tests) DIN 57435 Part 303
– High frequency test 2.5 kV (Peak); 1 MHz; τ = 15 µs;
IEC 60255–22–1, class III 400 surges per s; test duration 2 s
and VDE 0435 part 303, class III Ri = 200 Ω
– Electrostatic discharge 8 kV contact discharge;
IEC 60255–22–2 class IV 15 kV air discharge, both polarities;
and IEC 61000–4–2, class IV 150 pF; Ri = 330 Ω
– Irradiation with HF field, non-modulated10 V/m; 27 MHz to 500 MHz
IEC 60255–22–3 (report) class III
– Irradiation with HF field, amplitude 10 V/m; 80 MHz to 1000 MHz; 80 % AM;
modulated; IEC 61000–4–3, class III 1 kHz
– Irradiation with HF field, 10 V/m; 900 MHz; repetition frequency
pulse modulated 200 Hz; duty cycle of 50 %
IEC 61000–4–3/ENV 50204, class III
– Fast transient disturbance/burst 4 kV; 5/50 ns; 5 kHz; burst length = 15 ms;
IEC 60255–22–4 and repetition rate 300 ms; both polarities;
IEC 61000–4–4, class IV Ri = 50 Ω; test duration 1 min
– High energy surge voltages impulse: 1.2/50 µs
(SURGE), IEC 61000–4–5
installation class 3
power supply common mode: 2 kV; 12 Ω; 9 µF
diff. mode: 1 kV; 2 Ω; 18 µF
analogue inputs, binary inputs common mode: 2 kV; 42 Ω; 0.5 µF
and outputs diff. mode: 1 kV; 42 Ω; 0.5 µF
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Technical Data
– Line conducted HF, amplitude 10 V; 150 kHz to 80 MHz; 80 % AM; 1 kHz
modulated; IEC 61000–4–6, class III
– Power system frequency magnetic 30 A/m continuous; 300 A/m for 3 s; 50 Hz
field; IEC 61000–4–8, class IV; 0.5 mT; 50 Hz
IEC 60255–6
– Oscillatory surge withstand capability 2.5 to 3 kV (peak value); 1 to 1.5 MHz
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 decaying wave; 50 surges per s;
duration 2 s; Ri = 150 Ω to 200 Ω
– Fast transient surge withstand cap- 4 kV to 5 kV; 10/150 ns; 50 surges per s;
ability, ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 both polarities; duration 2 s; Ri = 80 Ω
– Radiated electromagnetic interference 35 V/m; 25 MHz to 1000 MHz
ANSI/IEEE Std C37.90.2 amplitude and pulse modulated
– Damped oscillations 2.5 kV (peak value), polarity alternating;
IEC 60694, IEC 61000–4–12 100 kHz, 1 MHz, 10 MHz and 50 MHz;
Ri = 200 Ω
EMC Tests; Inter- Standard: EN 50081–* (Generic standard)
ference Emission
– Conducted interference, 150 kHz to 30 MHz
(Type Tests)
only power supply voltage limit class B
IEC–CISPR 22
– Radio interference field strength 30 MHz to 1000 MHz
IEC–CISPR 22 limit class B
10.1.6 Mechanical Stress Tests
Vibration and Standards: IEC 60255–21 and IEC 60068–2
Shock During
– Vibration sinusoidal
Operation
IEC 60255–21–1, class 2 10 Hz to 60 Hz: ±0.075 mm amplitude
IEC 60068–2–6 60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g acceleration
frequency sweep rate 1 octave/min
20 cycles in 3 orthogonal axes.
– Shock half-sine shaped
IEC 60255–21–2, class 1 acceleration 5 g, duration 11 ms,
IEC 60068–2–27 3 shocks in each direction of
3 orthogonal axes
– Seismic vibration sinusoidal
IEC 60255–21–3, class 1 1 Hz to 8 Hz: ± 3.5 mm amplitude
IEC 60068–3–3 (horizontal axis)
1 Hz to 8 Hz: ± 1.5 mm amplitude
(vertical axis)
8 Hz to 35 Hz: 1 g acceleration
(horizontal axis)
8 Hz to 35 Hz: 0.5 g acceleration
(vertical axis)
Frequency sweep rate1 octave/min
1 cycle in 3 orthogonal axes
7SA522 Manual 10-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Vibration and Standards: IEC 60255–21 and IEC 60068–2
Shock During
– Vibration sinusoidal
Transport
IEC 60255–21–1, class 2 5 Hz to 8 Hz: ±7.5 mm amplitude
IEC 60068–2–6 8 Hz to 150 Hz: 2 g acceleration
Frequency sweep rate1 octave/min
20 cycles in 3 orthogonal axes
– Shock half-sine shaped
IEC 60255–21–2, class 1 acceleration 15 g; duration 11 ms;
IEC 60068–2–27 3 shocks in each direction of
3 orthogonal axes
– Continuous shock half-sine shaped
IEC 60255–21–2, class 1 acceleration 10 g; duration 16 ms;
IEC 60068–2–29 1000 shocks in each direction of
3 orthogonal axes
10.1.7 Climatic Stress Tests
Ambient Tempera- Standards: IEC 60255–6
tures
– recommended operating temperature –5 °C to +55 °C (+23 °F to +131 °F)
when max. half of the inputs and outputs are subjected
to the max. permissible values
– recommended operating temperature –5 °C to +40 °C (+23 °F to +104 °F)
when all inputs and outputs are subjected
to the max. permissible values
– limiting temporary (transient) –20 °C to +70 °C Visibility of display
may be impaired
operating temperature (–4 °F to 158 °F) above +55 °C/130 °F
in quiescent state, i.e. no pick-up and no
indications
– limiting temperature during storage –25 °C to +55 °C (–13 °F to 131 °F)
– limiting temperature during transport –25 °C to +70 °C (–13 °F to 158 °F)
Storage and transport of the device with factory packaging!
Humidity Permissible humidity mean value p. year ≤75 % relative humidity
on 56 days per year up to 93 % relative
humidity; condensation not permissible!
It is recommended that all devices be installed such that they are not exposed to direct
sunlight, nor subject to large fluctuations in temperature that may cause condensation
to occur.
10.1.8 Service Conditions
The device is designed for use in an industrial environment or an electrical utility en-
vironment, for installation in standard relay rooms and compartments so that proper
10-10 7SA522 Manual
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Technical Data
installation and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is ensured. In addition, the follow-
ing are recommended:
• All contactors and relays that operate in the same cubicle, cabinet, or relay panel
as the numerical protective device should, as a rule, be equipped with suitable
surge suppression components.
• For substations with operating voltages of 100 kV and above, all external cables
should be shielded with a conductive shield grounded at both ends. The shield must
be capable of carrying the fault currents that could occur. For substations with lower
operating voltages, no special measures are normally required.
• Do not withdraw or insert individual modules or boards while the protective device
is energized. When handling the modules or the boards outside of the case, stand-
ards for components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) must be observed.
The modules, boards, and device are not endangered when the device is complete-
ly assembled.
10.1.9 Certifications
UL listing Models with threaded terminals 7SA522 ∗–∗A∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗
7SA522 ∗–∗C∗∗ ∗ –∗ ∗∗ ∗
7SA522 ∗–∗D∗∗ ∗ –∗ ∗∗ ∗
UL recognition Models with plug-in terminals 7SA522 ∗–∗J∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗
7SA522 ∗–∗L∗∗ ∗–∗∗ ∗∗
7SA522 ∗–∗M∗∗∗–∗∗∗∗
10.1.10 Construction
Housing 7XP20
Dimensions see drawings, Section 10.20
Weight (mass) (max. complement) approx.
– in flush mounted case, size 1/2 6 kg (13.2 pounds)
– in flush mounted case, size 1/1 10 kg (22.0 pounds)
– in surface mounted case, size 1/2 11 kg (24.3 pounds)
– in surface mounted case, size 1/1 19 kg (41.9 pounds)
Degree of protection acc. IEC 60529
– for the device
in surface mounted case IP 51
in flush mounted case
front IP 51
rear IP 50
– for human safety IP 2x with closed protection cover
7SA522 Manual 10-11
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Technical Data
10.2 Distance Protection
Earth Impedance RE/RL –0.33 to 7.00 (steps 0.01)
Matching XE/XL –0.33 to 7.00 (steps 0.01)
separate for first and higher zones
K0 0.000 to 4.000 (steps 0.001)
PHI(K0) –135.00° to +135.00° (steps 0.01)
separate for first and higher zones
Mutual Impedance RM/RL 0.00 to 8.00 (steps 0.01)
Matching XM/XL 0.00 to 8.00 (steps 0.01)
(for Parallel Lines)
The matching factors for earth impedance and mutual impedance are valid also for
fault location.
Phase Preferences for double earth fault lagging phase–earth and phase–phase
in earthed systems leading phase–earth and phase–phase
all associated loops
only phase-to-earth loops
only phase-to-phase loops
Earth Fault Earth current 3I0> 0.05·A to 4.00·A*) (steps 0.01·A)
Detection
Displacement voltage 3U0> 1 V to 100 V; ∞ (steps 1 V)
Drop-out to pick-up ratios approx. 0.95
Measuring tolerances ±5%
*) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied with 5.
Distance Characteristic polygonal or MHO–circle
Measurement (depending on ordered version);
5 independent and 1 controlled zone
Setting ranges polygon:
IPh> = min. current, phases 0.10·A to 4.00·A1) (steps 0.01·A)
X = reactance reach 0.05 Ω to 250.00 Ω 2) (steps 0.001 Ω)
R = resistance tolerance phase–phase0.05 Ω to 250.00 Ω 2) (steps 0.001 Ω)
RE = resistance tolerance phase–earth 0.05 Ω to 250.00 Ω 2) (steps 0.001 Ω)
ϕLine = line angle 30° to 89° (steps 1°)
αPol = tilt angle for 1st zone 0° to 30° (steps 1°)
Direction determination for polygonal characteristic:
for all types of fault with phase-true, memorized,
or quadrature voltages
directional sensitivity dynamically unlimited,
approx. 1 V under steady-state operation
Each zone can be set to operate in forward or reverse direction, non-directional or
ineffective.
Setting ranges MHO–circle:
IPh> = min. current, phases 0.10·A to 4.00·A1) (steps 0.01·A)
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Technical Data
Zr = impedance reach 0.05 Ω to 200.00 Ω 2) (steps 0.001 Ω)
Polarization with memorized or
quadrature voltages
Each zone can be set to operate in forward or reverse direction or ineffective.
Load trapezoid:
Rload = minimum load resistance 0.10 Ω to 250.00 Ω 2); ∞ (steps 0.001 Ω)
ϕload = maximum load angle 20° to 60° (steps 1°)
Drop-out to pick-up ratios
– Currents ca. 0,95
– Impedances ca. 1,06
Measured value correction mutual impedance matching for parallel
lines (ordering option)
Measuring tolerances ∆X ≤ 5 % for 30° ≤ ϕ sc ≤ 90°
with sinusoidal quantities --------
X
∆R ≤ 5 % for 0° ≤ ϕ sc ≤ 60°
--------
R
∆Z ≤ 5 % for –30° ≤ ϕ sc – ϕ line ≤ 30°
-------
Z
1
) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied with 5.
2
) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be devided by 5.
Times Shortest trip time approx. 17 ms (50 Hz) / 15 ms (60 Hz)
with fast relays
approx. 12 ms (50 Hz) / 10 ms (60 Hz)
with high–speed relays
Drop-out time approx. 30 ms
Stage timers 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
for all zones;
separate time setting possibilities for
single-phase and multi-phase faults
for the zones Z1, Z2, and Z1B
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
Emergency in case of measured voltage failure, see Section 10.10
operation e.g. voltage secondary mcb trip
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Technical Data
10.3 Power Swing Supplement (optional)
Power swing detection rate of change of the impedance phasor
and observation of the path curve
Distance between power swing 5 Ω *)
measuring range PPOL and
fault detection range APOL
Max. power swing frequency approx. 7 Hz
Power swing blocking programs Block 1st zone only
Block higher zones
Block 1st and 2nd zone
Block all zones
Out-of-step trip Trip following instable power swings
(out-of-step)
*) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the values are to be divided by 5.
10.4 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes
Mode For two line ends with one channel for each direction or
with three channels for each direction
(for phase segregated transmission)
For three line ends with one channel for each direction and
oposite line end
Underreach Method Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip
Schemes (PUTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B)
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Underreach Method Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip
Schemes via (PUTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B)
Protection Data
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 (steps 0.01 s)
Interface
(optional)
Overreach Methods Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip
schemes (POTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B)
Unblocking (with overreaching zone Z1B)
Blocking (with overreaching zone Z1B)
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Technical Data
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Release signal prolongation 0.000 s to 30.000 s (steps 0.001 s)
Transient blocking time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Waiting time for transient blocking 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Echo delay time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Echo impulse duration 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
Overreach Methods Directional comparison pickup scheme
Schemes via Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip
Protection Data (POTT) (with overreaching zone Z1B)
Interface (optional)
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s(steps 0.01 s)
Release signal prolongation 0.000 s to 30.000 s (steps 0.001 s)
Transient blocking time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Waiting time for transient blocking 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Echo delay time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Echo pulse duration 0.00 s to30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times
10.5 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional)
Characteristics Definite time stages (definite) 3I0>>>,3I0>>,3I0>
Inverse time stage (IDMT) 3I0P
one of the characteristics according to
Figure 10-1 to 10-7 can be selected
Very High Set Stage Pickup value 3I0>>> 0.50 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
T3I0>>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pickup time approx. 35 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances current 3 % of set value or 1% nominal current
time 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
High Set Stage Pickup value 3I0>> 0.20 A to 25.00 A 1) (steps 0.01 A)
Delay time T3I0>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pickup time approx. 35 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
7SA522 Manual 10-15
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Technical Data
Tolerances current 3 % of set value or 1% of nominal current
time 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stage Pickup value 3I0> 0.05 A to 25.00 A 1) (steps 0.01 A)
(definite time) or 0.003 A to 25.000 A 1) (steps 0.001 A 1)
Delay time T3I0> 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pickup time (for 1.5 * setting value) approx. 45 ms
(for 2 * setting value) approx. 35 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances current 3 % of set value or 1% of nominal current
time 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stage Pickup value 3I0P 0.05 A to 25.00 A 1) (steps 0.01 A)
(inverse time acc. or 0.003 A to 25.000 A 1) (steps 0.001 A 1)
IEC)
Time factor T3I0P 0.05 s to 3.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Additional time delay T3I0Padd 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Characteristics see Figure 10-1
Tolerances current pickup at 1.05 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 1.15
times 5 % ± 15 ms for 2 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 20
and T3I0P/s ≥ 1
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stage Pickup value 3I0P 0.05 A to 25.00 A 1) (steps 0.01 A)
(inverse time acc. or 0.003 A to 25.000 A 1) (steps 0.001 A 1)
ANSI)
Time factor D3I0P 0.50 s to 15.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Additional time delay T3I0Padd 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Characteristics see Figures 10-2 and 10-3
Tolerances current pickup at 1.05 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 1.15
times 5 % ± 15 ms for 2 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 20
and D3I0P/s ≥ 1
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stage Pickup value 3I0P 0.05 A to 4.00 A 1) (steps 0.01 A)
(logarithmic in- or 0.003 A to 4.000 A 1) (steps 0.001 A 1)
verse)
Startstromfaktor 3I0P FAKTOR 1.0 to 4.0 (steps 0.1)
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Technical Data
Time factor T3I0P 0.05 s to 15.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Maximum time T3I0P max 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Minimum time T3I0P min 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Additional time delay T3I0Pverz 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Characteristics see Figure 10-4
Tolerances
times 5 % ± 15 ms für 2 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 20
und T3I0P/s ≥ 1
def. times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the current values must be multiplied by 5.
Inrush Stabilization Second harmonic content for inrush 10 % to 45 % (steps 1 %)
blocking referred to fundamental wave
Inrush blocking is cancelled above 0.50 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A1)
Inrush stabilization may be switched effective or ineffective for each individual stage.
1)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied with 5.
Direction Each zone can be set to operate in forward or reverse direction, non-directional or
Determination ineffective.
Direction determination with IE (= 3I0) and 3U0
with IE (= 3I0) and IY (transformer star-point
current)
with 3I2 and 3U2
(negative sequence quantities)
Limit values
Displacement voltage 3U0> 0.5 V to 10.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Starpoint current of a power
transformer IY> 0.05 A to 1.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
Negative sequence current 3I2> 0.05 A to 1.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
Negative sequence voltage 3U2> 0.5 V to 10.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
“Forwards” angle
capacitive Alpha 0° to 360° (steps 1°)
inductive Beta 0° to 360° (steps 1°)
Tolerances pick-up values 10 % of set value
or 5% of nominal current or 0.5 V
“Forwards” angle 5°
Re-orientation time after direction change approx. 30 ms
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied with 5.
7SA522 Manual 10-17
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Technical Data
100 100
t [s] t [s]
30 30
20 20
10 Tp 10
3.2
5 5
1.6 Tp
3 3
2 3.2
0.8 2
1 1 1.6
0.4
0.5 0.5 0.8
0.2
0.3 0.3 0.4
0.2 0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1 0.05
0.1
0.1
0,05
0.05 0.05
1 2 3 5 7 10 20 1 2 3 5 10 20
I/Ip I/Ip
0.14 13.5
Normal inverse: - ⋅ Tp
t = -------------------------------- [s] Very inverse: 1
- ⋅ T p [s]
t = --------------------------
(Type A) ( I ⁄ Ip )
0.02
–1 (Type B) (I ⁄ I ) – 1
p
100 1000
t [s]
300
t [s]
20 200
10 100
5 50
3 30 Tp
2 20 3.2
1 Tp 10 1.6
3.2
0.5 5 0.8
0.3 1.6 3
0.4
0.2 2
0.8
0.2
0.1 1
0.4
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.1
0.05 0.5
1 2 3 5 10 20 1 2 3 5 7 10 20
I/Ip I/Ip
80
Extremely inverse: t = ---------------------------- ⋅ T [s] 120
2 p Longtime inverse: t = ---------------------------- ⋅ T [s]
(Type C) (I ⁄ Ip) – 1 1 p
(I ⁄ I ) – 1
p
t Trip time
Tp Setting value time multiplier Note: For earth fault read 3I0p in-
I Fault current stead of Ip and T3I0p instead of Tp
Ip Setting value current
Figure 10-1 Trip time characteristics of inverse time overcurrent protection, acc. IEC (phases and earth)
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Technical Data
100 100
t [s] t [s]
30 30
20 20
10 10
7 7
5 D [s] 5
3 15 3
2 10 2
1 5 1 D [s]
0.7 0.7
15
0.5 0.5
2 10
0.3 0.3
0.2 1 0.2 5
0.1 0.5 0.1
0.07 2
0.07 0.5 1
0.05 0.05
1 2 3 5 10 20 1 2 3 5 10 20
I/Ip I/Ip
8.9341 0.2663
INVERSE - + 0.17966 ⋅ D
t = ------------------------------------- [s] SHORT INVERSE - + 0.03393 ⋅ D
t = ------------------------------------- [s]
( I ⁄ I )2.0938 – 1 ( I ⁄ I ) 1.2969 – 1
p p
100 100
t [s] D [s] t [s]
50 50
15
10
20 20
5
10 10
5 2 5 D [s]
3 3 15
1
2 2 10
0.5
1 1 5
0.5 0.5
2
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2 1
0.1 0.1 0.5
0.05 0.05
1 2 3 5 10 20 1 2 3 5 10 20
I/Ip I/Ip
0.0103
t = ------------------------- + 2.18592 ⋅ D [s]
5.6143
LONG INVERSE (I ⁄ I ) – 1 MODERATELY INVERSE - + 0.0228 ⋅ D
t = -------------------------------- [s]
(I ⁄ I )
0.02
p –1
p
Figure 10-2 Trip time characteristics of inverse time overcurrent protection, acc. ANSI/IEEE, (phases and earth)
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Technical Data
100 100
t [s] t [s]
30 30
20 20
10 10
5 5
3 3
D [s]
2 2
15
10
1 1 D [s]
15
0.5 5
0.5
0.3 0.3 10
2
0.2 0.2
5
0.1 1
0.1
2
0.5 0.5 1
0.05 0.05
1 2 3 5 10 20 1 2 3 5 10 20
I/Ip I/Ip
3,922 5.64
VERY INVERSE - + 0.0982 ⋅ D [s]
t = -------------------------- EXTREMELY INVERSE - + 0.02434 ⋅ D [s]
t = --------------------------
( I ⁄ I )2 – 1 ( I ⁄ I )2 – 1
p p
100
t [s]
30
20
t Trip time
D Setting value time multiplier
10 I Fault current
Ip Setting value current
5
D [s]
3 15
2 10
1 5
0.5
2
0.3
Note: For earth fault read 3I0p in-
0.2 1 stead of Ip and D3I0p instead of DIp
0.1
0.5
0.05
1 2 3 5 10 20
I/Ip
0.4797
DEFINITE INVERSE - + 0.21359 ⋅ D
t = ------------------------------------- [s]
( I ⁄ I )1.5625 – 1
p
Figure 10-3 Trip time characteristics of inverse time overcurrent protection, acc. ANSI/IEEE (phases and earth)
10-20 7SA522 Manual
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Technical Data
8
t/s
6
7,3PD[
7,3
4
1,00
2
1,70 1,35
7,3PLQ
0 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 40
,3²)$&725 I/,3
Logarithmic inverse: t = T3I0Pmax – T 3I0P ⋅ ln(I/3I0P)
Note: For currents I/,3 ≥ 35 the tripping time is constant.
Figure 10-4 Trip time characteristics of inverse time overcurrent protection with logarithmic
inverse characteristic
10.6 Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes (optional)
Comparison Methods directional comparison pickup scheme
Schemes directional unblocking scheme
directional blocking scheme
Application 2-terminal lines
3-terminal lines
multi-terminal lines via CFC
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Release signal prolongation 0.000 s to 30.000 s (steps 0.001 s)
Transient blocking time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Waiting time for transient blocking 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Echo delay time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Echo impulse duration 0.00 s to30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
Overreach Methods Directional comparison pickup scheme
schemes via
Send signal prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
protection data
Release signal prolongation 0.000 s to 30.000 s (steps 0.001 s)
interface (optional)
7SA522 Manual 10-21
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Technical Data
Transient blocking time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Waiting time for transient blocking 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Echo delay time 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Echo pulse duration 0.00 s to30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times
10.7 Weak-Infeed Tripping
Operation method Phase segregated undervoltage detection after reception of a carrier signal from the
remote end
Undervoltage Setting value UPhE< 2 V to 70 V (steps 1 V)
Detection
Drop-out to pick-up ratios approx. 1.10
Pick-up tolerances ≤ 5 % of set value or 0.5 V
Times Release delay 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Release prolongation 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerances 1 % of set value or 10 ms
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Technical Data
10.8 Protection Data Interface and Distance Protection Topology
(optional)
Protection Data Number 1 or 2
Interfaces
– Connection optical fibre mounting position “D” (1 connection) or
mounting pos. “D” and “E” (2 connections)
for flush mounted case on the rear side
for surface mounted case at the inclined housing on the case bottom
Connection modules for protection data interface(s), depending on the ordering ver-
sion:
Module Type of Optical Perm. path Distance,
Type of Fibre
in device connector wavelength attenuation typical
FO5 1) ST Multimode 820 nm 8 dB 1.5 km
62.5/125 µm 0.95 miles
FO6 2) ST Multimode 820 nm 16 dB 3.5 km
62.5/125 µm 2.2 miles
FO7 2) ST Monomode 1300 nm 7 dB 10 km
9/125 µm 6.25 miles
FO8 2) FC Monomode 1300 nm 18 dB 35 km
9/125 µm 22 miles
1) Laser class 1 according to EN 60825–1/ –2 using glass fibre 62.5/125 µm
2
) Laser class 3A according to EN 60825–1/ –2
Character idle state “Light off”
Protection Data Direct connection:
Communication
Transmission speed 512 kbit/s
Type of fibre
Optical wavelength
refer table above
Permissible path attenuation
Transmission distance
Connection via communication networks:
Communication converter see Appendix A, Subsection A.1.1
Accessories
Supported network interfaces G703.1 with 64 kbits/s;
X21 with 64 or 128 or 512 kbit/s
Connection to communication converter see table above under
module FO5
Transmission speed 64 kbit/s with G703.1
512 kbit/s or 128 kBit/s or
64 kbit/s with X21
Max. transmission time 0.1 ms to 30 ms (steps 0.1 ms)
Max. transmission time difference 0.000 ms to 3.000 ms (steps 0.001 ms)
Transmission accuracy CRC 32 according to CCITT or ITU
7SA522 Manual 10-23
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Technical Data
10.9 External Direct and Remote Tripping
External Trip of the Operating time, total approx. 11 ms
Local Breaker
Trip time delay 0.00 s to 30.00 s, ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Time expiry tolerance 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set time is a pure delay time.
10.10 Overcurrent Protection
Operating Modes As emergency overcurrent protection or back-up overcurrent protection:
Emergency overcurrent protection operates on failure of the measured
voltage,
– on trip of a voltage secondary miniature
circuit breaker (via binary input)
– on detection of a fuse failure in the
voltage secondary circuit
Back-up overcurrent protection operates independent on any events
Characteristics Definite time stages (definite) IPh>>,3I0>>, IPh>, 3I0>
Inverse time stage (IDMT) IP, 3I0P
one of the characteristics according to
Figure 10-1 to 10-3 (see Section 10.5)
can be selected
High Set Stages Pickup values IPh>> (phases) 0.10 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
3I0>> (earth) 0.05 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Time delays TIPh> (phases) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
T3I0>> (earth) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pick-up time approx. 25 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances currents 3 % of set value or 1% nominal current
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
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Technical Data
Overcurrent stages Pickup values IP (phases) 0.10 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
3I0P (earth) 0.05 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Time delays TIPh> (phases) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
T3I0> (earth) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pick-up time ca. 25 ms
Drop-off time ca. 30 ms
Tolerances currents 3 % of set value or 1% nominal current
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stages Pickup values IP (phases) 0.10 A to 4.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
(inverse time acc. or ∞ (ineffective)
IEC)
3I0P (earth) 0.05 A to 4.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Time factors TIP (phases) 0.05 s to 3.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
T3I0P (earth) 0.05 s to 3.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Additional time delays TIPadd (phases.)0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
T3I0Padd (earth) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Characteristics see Figure 10-1 (in Section 10.5)
Tolerances currents Pick-up at 1.05 ≤ I/IP ≤ 1.15;
or 1.05 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 1.15
times 5 % ± 15 ms for 2 ≤ I/IP ≤ 20
and TIP/s ≥ 1;
or 2 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 20
and T3I0P/s ≥ 1
def. times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times with definite time protection.
1)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
Overcurrent stages Pickup values IP (phases) 0.10 A to 4.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
(inverse time acc. or ∞ (ineffective)
ANSI)
3I0P (earth) 0.05 A to 4.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
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Technical Data
Time factors DIP (phases) 0.05 s to 15.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
D3I0P (earth) 0.05 s to 15.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Additional time delays TIPadd (phases.)0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
T3I0Padd (earth) 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Characteristics see Figure 10-2 to 10-3 (in Section 10.5)
Tolerances currents Pick-up at 1.05 ≤ I/IP ≤ 1.15;
or 1.05 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 1.15
times 5 % ± 15 ms for 2 ≤ I/IP ≤ 20
and DIP/s ≥ 1;
or 2 ≤ I/3I0P ≤ 20
and T3I0P/s ≥ 1
def. times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times with definite time protection.
1)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
Stub Protection Pick-up values IPhSTUB (phases) 0.10 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
or ∞ (ineffective)
3I0STUB> (earth) 0.05 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
T3I0 STUB 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Time delays TIPh>>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
T3I0 >>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
or ∞ (ineffective)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95 for I/IN ≥ 0.5
Pick-up time approx. 25 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances currents 3 % of set value or 1% nominal current
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
The set times are pure delay times.
1)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
10-26 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.11 High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection
Pick-up High current pick-up I>>> 1.00 A to 25.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
Drop-out to pick-up ratio approx. 0.90
Pick-up tolerance ≤ 3 % of set value or 1% of IN
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied by 5.
Times Shortest tripping time approx. 13 ms for fast relays and 8 ms for
high-speed relays
10.12 Automatic Re-closure Function (optional)
Automatic Number of re-closures max. 8,
Reclosures first 4 with individual settings
Operating modes 1-pole, 3-pole or 1-/3-pole
Control with pick-up or trip command
Action times 0.01 s to 300.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Initiation possible without pick-up
and action time
Different dead times before
re-closure can be set for all 0.01 s to 1800.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
operating modes and cycles
Dead times after evolving fault 0.01 s to 1800.00 s; (steps 0.01 s)
recognition
Reclaim time after reclosure 0.50 s to 300.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Blocking time after dynamic blocking 0.5
Blocking time after manual closing 0.50 s to 300.00 s ; 0 (steps 0.01 s)
Start signal monitoring time 0.01 s to 300.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Circuit-breaker supervision time 0.01 s to 300.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Adaptive Dead Operating modes with voltage measurement or
Time (ADT)/ with close command transmission
Reduced Dead
Action time 0.01 s to 300.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Time (RDT)/
Initiation possible without pick-up
Dead Line Check
and action time
Maximum dead time 0.50 s to 3000.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Voltage measurement dead-line
or bus 2 V to 70 V (phase-to-earth) (steps 1 V)
Voltage measurement live or bus 30 V to 90 V (phase-to-earth) (steps 1 V)
7SA522 Manual 10-27
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Voltage supervision time for
dead / live line or bus 0.10 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Time delay for close command
transmission 0.00 s to 300 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
10.13 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional)
Operating Modes Operating modes
with automatic reclosure Synchronism check,
dead-line / live-bus
dead-bus / live-line,
dead-bus and dead-line
bypassing or similar combinations of the
above
Synchronism Closing possible under non-synchronous
system conditions
(with consideration of circuit-breaker
operating time)
Control programs for manual closing as for automatic reclosure, independently
selectable
Voltages Minimal operating voltage 1V
Maximum operating voltage 20 V to 140 V (phase-to-phase)
(steps 1 V)
U> for dead-line / dead-bus check 1 V to 60 V (phase-to-phase)
(steps 1 V)
U< for live-line/ live-bus check 20 V to 125 V (phase-to-phase)
(steps 1 V)
Tolerances 2 % of pick-up value or 2 V
Drop-off to pick-up ratios approx. 0.9 (U>) or 1.1 (U<)
∆U-Measurement Voltage difference 1 V to 40 V (phase-to-phase)
(steps 0.1 V)
Tolerance 1V
Synchronous ∆ϕ−measurement 2° to 60° (steps 1°)
System Conditions Tolerance 2°
∆f-measurement 0.03 Hz to 2.00 Hz (steps 0.01 Hz)
Tolerance 15 mHz
Release delay 0.00 s to 30.00 s (steps 0.01 s)
Non-Synchronous ∆f-measurement 0.03 Hz to 2.00 Hz
System Conditions (steps 0.01 Hz)
Tolerance 15 mHz
max. Fehlwinkel 5° für ∆f ≤ 1 Hz
10° für ∆f > 1 Hz
10-28 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Threshold synchronous /
non-synchronous 0.01 Hz
Circuit-breaker operating time 0.01 s to 0.60 s
Times Minimum measuring time approx. 80 ms
Maximum time delay 0.01 s to 600.00 s; ∞
(steps 0.01 s)
Tolerance of all timers 1 % of set value or 10 ms
10.14 Voltage Protection (optional)
Overvoltage Overvoltage UPh>> 1.0 V to 170.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Phase–Earth Time delay TUPh>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Overvoltage UPh> 1.0 V to 170.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TUPh> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio 0.50 to 0.98 (steps 0.01)
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Overvoltage Overvoltage UPhPh>> 2.0 V to 220.0 V(steps 0.1 V)
Phase–Phase Time delay TUPhPh>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞(steps 0.01 s)
Overvoltage UPhPh> 2.0 V to 220.0 V(steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TUPhPh> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞(steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio 0.50 to 0.98 (steps 0.01)
Pick-up time ca. 30 ms
Drop-off time ca. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Overvoltage Overvoltage U1>> 2.0 V to 220.0 V(steps 0.1 V)
Positive Sequence Time delay TU1>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞(steps 0.01 s)
System U1
Overvoltage U1 > 2.0 V to 220.0 V(steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TU1> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞(steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio 0.50 to 0.98 (steps 0.01)
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Overvoltage Overvoltage U2>> 2.0 V to 220.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Negative Sequence Time delay TU2>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
System U2
7SA522 Manual 10-29
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Overvoltage U2 > 2.0 V to 220.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TU2> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio 0.50 to 0.98 (steps 0.01)
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Overvoltage Zero Overvoltage 3U0>> 1.0 V to 220.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Sequence System Time delay T3U0>> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
3U0 or any Single-
Overvoltage 3U0> 1.0 V to 220.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Phase Voltage UX
Time delay T3U0> 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio 0.50 to 0.98 (steps 0.01)
Pick-up time approx. 75 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Undervoltage Undervoltage UPh<< 1.0 V to 100.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Phase–Earth Time delay TUPh<< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Undervoltage UPh< 1.0 V to 100.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TUPh< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 1.05
Current criterion can be switched on/off
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Undervoltage Undervoltage UPhPh<< 1.0 V to 175.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Phase–Phase Time delay TUPhPh<< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Undervoltage UPhPh< 1.0 V to 175.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TUPhPh<< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 1.05
Current criterion can be switched on/off
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
Undervoltage Undervoltage U1<< 1.0 V to 100.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Positive Sequence Time delay TU1<< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
System U1
Undervoltage U1 < 1.0 V to 100.0 V (steps 0.1 V)
Time delay TU1<< 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞ (steps 0.01 s)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 1.05
Current criterion can be switched on/off
10-30 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Pick-up time approx. 30 ms
Drop-off time approx. 30 ms
Tolerances voltages 3 % of set value or 1 V
times 1 % of set value or 10 ms
10.15 Fault Location
Start with trip command or drop-off
Setting range reactance (secondary) 0.005 Ω/km to 6.500 Ω/km 2)
(steps 0.001 Ω/km) or
0.005 Ω/mile to 10.000 Ω/mile 2)
(steps 0.001 Ω/mile)
Parallel line compensation may be switched on/off
(optional) Set values are the same as for distance
protection (see Section 10.2)
Load current compensation correction of the X-value
for single-phase earth faults can be switched on/off
Output of the fault distance in Ω primary and Ω secondary,
in km or miles line 1),
in % of the line length 1)
Measuring tolerances 2.5 % of line length
with sinusoidal measured quantities at 30° ≤ ϕk ≤ 90° and Uk/UN ≥ 0.1
1
) Output of the fault distance in km, miles, and % requires homogeneous lines.
2)
Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the values are to be divided by 5.
7SA522 Manual 10-31
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.16 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (optional)
Circuit Breaker Current flow monitoring 0.05 A to 20.00 A1)
Monitoring (steps 0.01 A)
Drop-off to pick-up ratio approx. 0.95
Tolerance 5 % of the set value or 0.01 A1)
Monitoring of circuit-breaker
auxiliary contact position
- for three-pole tripping binary input for breaker auxiliary contact
- for single-pole tripping 1 binary input per circuit breaker pole
or
1 binary input for cb-position three-pole
closed and 1 binary input for cb-position
three-pole open
Note: The circuit breaker failure protection can also operate without the indicated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts, but the
function range is then reduced. Auxiliary contacts are necessary for the circuit breaker failure protection for tripping without
or with a very low current flow (e.g. Buchholz protection, stub fault protection, circuit breaker pole discrepancy monitoring).
1
) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A the values are to be multiplied by 5.
Initiation For circuit breaker failure protection single-pole tripping internal
Conditions three-pole tripping internal
single-pole tripping external 1)
three-pole tripping external 1)
three-pole tripping without current 1)
1)
via binary inputs
Times Pick-up time approx. 5 ms with measured quantities
present prior to start,
approx. 20 ms after switch-on of
measured quantities after start
Drop-off time intern(overshoot time) ≤ 15 ms for sinusoidal signals
≤ 25 ms maximum
Delay times for all stages 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞
(steps 0.01 s)
Tolerance 1 % of the set value or 10 ms
Breaker Pole Initiation criterion not all poles are closed or open
Discrepancy
Monitoring time 0.00 s to 30.00 s; ∞
Monitoring
(steps 0.01 s)
Tolerance 1 % of the set value or 10 ms
10-32 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.17 Monitoring Functions
Measured Values Current sum IF = |IL1 + IL2 + IL3 + I4/Iph · IE | >
SUM.I Threshold · IN + SUM.I factor· Imax
– SUM.I Threshold 0.05 A to 2.00 A1) (steps 0.01)
– SUM.I factor 0.00 to 0.95 (steps 0.01)
Voltage sum UF = |UL1 + UL2 + UL3 + Uph/Uen UEN |
> 25 V
Current symmetry |Imin | / |Imax | < BAL.FACTOR I
as long as Imax / IN > BAL.I LIMIT / IN
– BAL.FACTOR I 0.10 to 0.95 (steps 0.01)
– BAL.I LIMIT 0.10 A to 1.00 A1) (steps 0.01 A)
Broken conductor one conductor without current,
the others with current
Voltage symmetry |Umin | / |Umax | < BAL.FACTOR U
as long as |Umax| > BAL.U LIMIT
– BAL.FACTOR U 0.58 to 0.95 (steps 0.01)
– BAL.U LIMIT 10 V to 100 V (steps 1 V)
Voltage phase rotation UL1 before UL2 before UL3
as long as |UL1|, |UL2|, |UL3| > 40 V/√3
Fuse–Failure–Monitor 3·U0 > FFM U> OR 3·U2 > FFM U>
(non-symmetrical voltages) AND at the same time
3·I0 < FFM I< AND 3·I2 < FFM I<
– FFM U> 10 V to 100 V (steps 0.01 V)
– FFM I< 0.10·A to 1.00·A1) (steps 0.01·A)
Fuse–Failure–Monitor all UPh-E < FFM U<max
(three-phase) AND at the same time
all ∆IPh < FFM Idelta
AND
all IPh > (IPh> (Dist.))
OR
all UPh-E < FFM U<max
AND at the same time
all IPh < (IPh> (Dist.))
AND
all IPh > 40 mA
– FFM U<max 2 V to 100 V (steps 1 V)
– FFM Idelta 0.05·A to 1.00·A1) (steps 0.01·A)
1) Secondary values based on IN = 1 A; for IN = 5 A they must be multiplied with 5.
Trip Circuit Number of circuits 1 to 3
Supervision
Operation per circuit with 1 binary input or with 2 binary inputs
Alarm delay 1 s to 30 s (steps 1 s)
7SA522 Manual 10-33
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.18 Transmission of Binary Information (optional)
Note: The setting for “remote signal reset delay for communication failure” may be 0 s
to 300 s or ∞. With setting ∞ annunciations are maintained indefinitely.
Remote Commands Number of possible remote commands 4
Operating times, total approx.
transmission speed 512 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
2 ends, minimum, 12 ms 14 ms 16 ms
typical 14 ms 16 ms 18 ms
3 ends, minimum, 13 ms 16 ms 21 ms
typical 15 ms 19 ms 24 ms
Drop-off times, total approx.
transmission speed 512 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
2 ends, minimum, 10 ms 12 ms 13 ms
typical 12 ms 14 ms 16 ms
3 ends, minimum, 10 ms 13 ms 18 ms
typical 12 ms 16 ms 21 ms
The operating times refer to the output of commands via accelerated output relays. For high-
speed relays (7SA522*–*N/P/Q/R/S/T) approx. 5 ms can be subtracted from the time values.
Remote Number of possible remote annunciations 24
Annunciations
Operating times, total approx.
transmission speed 512 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
2 ends, minimum, 12 ms 14 ms 16 ms
typical 14 ms 16 ms 18 ms
3 ends, minimum, 13 ms 16 ms 21 ms
typical 15 ms 19 ms 24 ms
Drop-off times, total approx.
transmission speed 512 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
2 ends, minimum, 10 ms 13 ms 13 ms
typical 12 ms 14 ms 16 ms
3 ends, minimum, 10 ms 13 ms 18 ms
typical 12 ms 16 ms 21 ms
The setting for “remote signal reset delay for communication failure” may be 0 s to
300 s or ∞. With setting ∞ annunciations are maintained indefinitely.
10-34 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.19 Supplementary Functions
Measured Value Operational measured values of currents IL1; IL2; IL3; 3I0; I1; I2; IY; IP
Processing in A primary and secondary and in % IN
– Tolerance 0.5 % of measured value or 0.5 % of IN
Operational measured values of voltages UL1–E; UL2–E; UL3–E; UX
in kV primary and V secondary and % UN · √3
– Tolerance 0.5 % of measured value or 0.5 % of UN
Operational measured values of voltages 3U0
in kV primary and V secondary and % UN · √3
– Tolerance 0.5 % of measured value or 0.5 % of UN
Operational measured values of voltages UL1–L2; UL2–L3; UL3–L1; U1; U2; Ux
in kV primary and V secondary and % UN
– Tolerance 0.5 % of measured value or 0.5 % of UN
Operational measured values of
impedances RL1–E; RL2–E; RL3–E; RL1–L2; RL2–L3;
RL3–L1; XL1–E; XL2–E; XL3–E; XL1–L2;
XL2–L3; XL3–L1
in Ω primary and secondary
Operational measured values of power S; P; Q (apparent, active and
reactive power)
in MVA; MW; Mvar primary and % SN
(operational nominal power) = √3 · UN · IN
– Tolerance 1 % of SN for I/IN and U/UN
in the range from 50 to 120 %
1 % of PN for I/IN and U/UN
in the range from 50 to 120 % and
ABS(cos ϕ) in the range from 0.7 to 1
1 % of QN for I/IN and U/UN
in the range from 50 to 120 % and
ABS(sin ϕ) in the range from 0.7 to 1
Operational measured values
of power factor cos ϕ
– Tolerance 0.02
Counter Values for Energy
– Wp, Wq (real and reactive energy) in kWh (MWh or GWh) and in kVARh
(MVARh or GVARh)
- Tolerance*) 5% for I > 0.5 INom, V> 0.5 VNom and
|cos ϕ| ≥ 0.707
*) at f = fN
Operational measured value
of frequency f
in Hz and % fN
– Range 96 % to 104% of fN
– Tolerance 10 mHz or 0.2 %
Operational measured values
of synchro check Uline; Usync; Udiff in kV primary
7SA522 Manual 10-35
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
fline; fsync; fdiff in Hz;
ϕdiff in °
Long–term mean value IL1dmd; IL2dmd; IL3dmd; I1dmd;
Pdmd; Pdmd Forw, Pdmd Rev;
Qdmd; QdmdForw; QdmdRev;
Sdmd
in primary values
Minimum and maximum values IL1; IL2; IL3; I1; IL1d; IL2d; IL3d; I1d;
UL1–E; UL2–E; UL3–E; U1;
UL1–L2; UL2–L3; UL3–L1;3U0;
PForw; PRev; QForw; QRev; S;
Pd; Qd; Sd;
cos ϕ Pos; cos ϕ Neg; f
in primary values
Remote measured values
for currents IL1; IL2; IL3 of remote end
ϕ(IL1); ϕ(IL2); ϕ(IL3) (remote
versus local) in °
Remote measured values
for voltages UL1; UL2; UL3 of remote end
ϕ(UL1); ϕ(UL2); ϕ(UL3) (remote
versus local) in°
Operation Event Capacity 200 records
Log Buffer
Fault Protocol Capacity 8 faults with a total sum of max.
(Trip Log Buffer) 600 records
Fault Recording Number of stored fault records max. 8
Total storage period max. 5 s for each fault
approx. 15 s totally
Sampling rate at fN = 50 Hz 1 ms
Sampling rate at fN = 60 Hz 0.83 ms
Fault recordings are synchronized between the ends.
Statistics Number of trip events caused by pole segregated
7SA522
Number of automatic reclosures
initiated by the device separate for 1-pole and 3-pole AR;
separate for 1st AR cycle
and for all further cyles
Total of interrupted currents
caused by 7SA522 pole segregated
Availability of the transmission availability in %/min and %/h
Real Time Clock Resolution for operational events 1 ms
and Buffer Battery
Resolution for fault events 1 ms
Buffer battery 3 V/1 Ah, type CR 1/2 AA
self-discharging time approx. 10 years
10-36 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
10.20 Dimensions
Housing for Panel
Flush Mounting or
Cubicle Installation
(Size 1/2 x 19”)
29 30
29.5 172 (6.77) 34 29.5 172 (6.77) (1.14) (1.18)
(1.16) (1.34) (1.16) 225 (8.86)
Mounting plate Monting plate 220 (8.66)
244 (9.61)
266 (10.47)
266 (10.47)
244 (9.61)
2 2
(0.08) (0.08)
34
(1.34)
Side view (with screwed terminals) Side view (with plug-in terminals) Rear view
221 +2 (8.70 +0.079 )
255.8 ± 0.3 (10.07 +0.012 )
245 + 1 (9.64 +0.039 )
5 (0.20) or M4
Dimensions in mm
6 (0.24)
Values in brackets in inches
(0.21)
5.4
180 ± 0.5 (7.09 ± 0.020 )
206.5 ± 0.3 (8.13 ± 0.012 )
13.2
(0.52)
Panel cut-out
7.3
(0.29)
Figure 10-5 Dimensions 7SA522 for panel flush mounting or cubicle installation (size 1/2 x 19”)
7SA522 Manual 10-37
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Housing for Panel
Flush Mounting or
Cubicle Installation
(Size 1/1 x 19”)
29 30
29.5 172 (6.77) (1.14) (1.18)
29.5 172 (6.77) 34
(1.16) (1.34) (1.16)
Mounting plate Monting plate
266 (10.47)
244 (9.61)
266 (10.47)
244 (9.61)
2 2
(0.08) (0.08)
34
(1.34)
Side view (with screwed terminals) Side view (with plug-in terminals)
450 (17.72)
445 (17.52) 446 +2 (17.56 +0.079 )
6 (0.24)
255.8 ± 0.3 (10.07 ± 0.012 )
5 (0.20)
245 + 1 (9.64 + 0.039 )
or M4
5 (0.20) 5 (0.20)
6 (0.24) 6 (0.24)
or M4 or M4
5 (0.20)
or M4 6 (0.24)
(0.21)
5.4
13.2
Rear view
13.2 216.1 ± 0.3 (8.51 ± 0.012) (0.52) 13.2
(0.52) (0.52)
425.5 ± 0.3 (16.75 ± 0.012)
7.3
Dimensions in mm (0.29) panel cut -out
(view from the device front)
Values in brackets in inches
Figure 10-6 Dimensions 7SA522 for panel flush mounting or cubicle installation (size 1/1 x 19”)
10-38 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Technical Data
Housing for Panel
Surface Mounting
(Size 1/2 x 19”)
240 (9.45)
219 (8.62) 10.5 260 (10.24)
(0.41)
51 75
29.5
76 100 (1.16)
266 (10.47)
225 (8.86)
280 (11.02)
320 (12.60)
344 (13.54)
(0.98)
25
1 25
9 26 50 72 52
(0.35) 71 (2.83) 2.05)
(2.80)
Front viev Side view
Dimensions in mm
Values in brackets in inches
Figure 10-7 Dimensions 7SA522 for panel surface mounting (size 1/2 x 19”)
Housing for Panel
Surface Mounting
(Size 1/1)
465 (18.31) 260 (10.24)
444 (17.48) 10.5
29.5
(0.41)
(1.16)
101 150
151 200
266 (10.47)
450 (17.72)
280 (11.02)
320 (12.60)
344 (13.54)
(0.98)
25
1 50 72 52
9 51 100 71 (2.83) 2.05)
(0.35) (2.80)
Side view
Front view
Dimensions in mm
Values in brackets in inches
Figure 10-8 Dimensions 7SA522 for panel surface mounting (size 1/1 x 19”)
7SA522 Manual 10-39
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Technical Data
10-40 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix A
This appendix is primarily a reference for the experienced user. This Chapter provides
ordering information for the models of 7SA522. General diagrams indicating the
terminal connections of the 7SA522 models are included. Connection examples show
the proper connections of the device to primary equipment in typical power system
configurations.
A.1 Ordering Information and Accessories A-2
A.2 General Diagrams A-8
A.3 Connection Examples A-22
A.4 Preset Configurations A-29
A.5 Protocol Dependent Functions A-36
7SA522 Manual A-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.1 Ordering Information and Accessories
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Distance Protection 7SA522
_ _
Measured Current Inputs
IPh = 1 A, IE = 1 A (min. = 0,05 A) 1
IPh = 1 A, IE = highly sensitive (min. = 0,005 A) 2
IPh = 5 A, IE = 5 A (min. = 0,25 A) 5
IPh = 5 A, IE = highly sensitive (min. = 0,005 A) 6
Auxiliary Voltage (Power Supply, Pick-up Threshold of Binary Inputs)
DC 24 to 48 V, binary input threshold 17 V 2) 2
DC 60 to 125 V 1), binary input threshold 17 V 2) 4
DC 110 to 250 V 1), binary input threshold 73 V 2) 5
DC 220 to 250 V, AC 115 V, binary input threshold 154 V 2) 6
Housing, Number of Binary Inputs (BI) and Outputs (BO)
Flush mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/2 19“, 8 BI, 16 BO A
Flush mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO C
Flush mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO D
Surface mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/2 19“, 8 BI, 16 BO E
Surface mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO G
Surface mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO H
Flush mounting housing with plug-in terminals 1/2 19“, 8 BI, 16 BO J
Flush mounting housing with plug-in terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO L
Flush mounting housing with plug-in terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO M
Flush mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) N
Flush mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) P
Surface mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) Q
Surface mounting housing with screwed terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) R
Flush mounting housing with plug-in terminals 1/1 19“, 16 BI, 24 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) S
Flush mounting housing with plug-in terminals 1/1 19“, 24 BI, 32 BO (thereof 5 with high-speed relay) T
Region-Specific Default/Language Settings and Function Versions
Region GE, 50 Hz, IEC, German language (may be changed) A
Region World, 50/60 Hz, IEC/ANSI, English language (may be changed) B
Region US, 60 Hz, ANSI, US-English language (may be changed) C
Region FR, 50 Hz, IEC, French language (may be changed) D
Region World, 50/60 Hz, IEC/ANSI, Spanish language (may be changed) E
Region World, 50/60 Hz, IEC/ANSI, Italian language (may be changed) F
Regulations for Region-Specific Default and Function Settings:
Region World: Preset to f = 50 Hz and line length in km
Region US: Preset to f = 60 Hz and line length in miles, ANSi inverse characteristic only
Region FR: Preset to f = 50 Hz and line length in km, IEC inverse characteristic available,
no STUB-Bus stage available, no logical inverse characteristic for earth fault protection
available
1) with plug-in jumper one of the 2 voltage ranges can be selected
2) for each binary input one of three pick-up threshold ranges can be selected with plug-in jumper
continued next page A-3
A-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Distance Protection 7SA522
_ _
Port B
Not installed 0
System port, IEC protocol, electrical RS232 1
System port, IEC protocol, electrical RS485 2
System port, IEC protocol, optical 820 nm, ST-connector 3
System port, protocol FMS slave, electrical RS485 4
System port, protocol FMS slave, optical 820 nm, double ring, ST-connector 6
For further protocols see additional information “L” 9
+ L
Port B
System port, Profibus DP slave, electrical RS485 0 A
System port, Profibus DP slave, optical 820 nm, double ring, ST-connector 0 B
System port, DNP3.0, electrical RS485 0 G
System port, DNP3.0, optical 820 nm, double ring, ST-connector 0 H
Port C and Port D
Port C and Port D not installed 0
DIGSI/Modem, electrical RS232; port D: not installed 1
DIGSI/Modem, electrical RS485; port D: not installed 2
DIGSI, optical 820 nm, ST-connector; port D: not installed 3
With Port D see additional information “M” 9
+ M
Port C
Not installed 0
DIGSI/Modem, electrical RS232 1
DIGSI/Modem, electrical RS485 2
DIGSI/Modem, optical 820 nm, ST-connector 3
Port D; for 1) Direct Connection; 2) Communication Networks
Optical 820 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 1.5 km for multimode-fibre (FO5); 1) or 2) A
Optical 820 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 3.5 km for multimode-fibre (FO6); 1) B
Optical 1300 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 10 km for monomode-fibre (FO7); 1) C
Optical 1300 nm, 2-FC-connector, length of optical fibre up to 35 km for monomode-fibre (FO8); 1) D
See page A-4
7SA522 Manual A-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
_ _
Distance Protection 7SA522
Functions 1
Only three-pole tripping 0
Single-/three-pole tripping 4
With Functions 1 and Port E see additional information “N” 9
+ N
Functions 1
Only 3-pole tripping 0
Only 1-/3-pole tripping 4
Port E; for 1) Direct Connection; 2) Communication Networks
Optical 820 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 1.5 km for multimode-fibre (FO5); 1) or 2) A
Optical 820 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 3.5 km for multimode-fibre (FO6); 1) B
Optical 1300 nm, 2-ST-connector, length of optical fibre up to 10 km for monomode-fibre (FO7); 1) C
Optical 1300 nm, 2-FC-connector, length of optical fibre up to 35 km for monomode-fibre (FO8); 1) D
Functions 2
Quadrilateral without power swing option without parallel line compensation C
Quadrilateral and/or MHO without power swing option without parallel line compensation E
Quadrilateral with power swing option without parallel line compensation F
Quadrilateral and/or MHO with power swing option without parallel line compensation H
Quadrilateral without power swing option with parallel line compensation K
Quadrilateral and/or MHO without power swing option with parallel line compensation M
Quadrilateral with power swing option with parallel line compensation N
Quadrilateral and/or MHO with power swing option with parallel line compensation Q
Functions 3
Automatic Reclosure Synchro-Check Breaker Failure Voltage Protection
Protection
without without without without A
without without without with B
without without with without C
without without with with D
without with without without E
without with without with F
without with with without G
without with with with H
with without without without J
with without without with K
with without with without L
with without with with M
with with without without N
with with without with P
with with with without Q
with with with with R
Functions 4
Earth Fault Protection Measured Values, expanded,
for Earthed System Min/Max values
without without 0
without with 1
with without 4
with with 5
A-4 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.1.1 Accessories
Terminal Block
Covering Caps
Covering cap for terminal block type Order No.
18 terminal voltage, 12 terminal current block C73334-A1-C31-1
12 terminal voltage, 8 terminal current block C73334-A1-C32-1
Communication Converter for the serial connection of the distance protection system 7SA522 to the
Converter synchronous communication interfaces X21 or G703 or for pilot wire pairs
Name Order No.
Optical–electrical communication converter X/G 7XV5662-0AA00
Optical–electrical communication converter CC-CC 7XV5662-0AC00
Interface Modules Exchange Modules for Interfaces
Name Order No.
RS232 C53207-A351-D641-1
RS485 C53207-A351-D642-1
LWL 820 nm C53207-A351-D643-1
Profibus FMS RS485 C53207-A351-D603-1
Profibus FMS double ring C53207-A351-D606-1
FO5 with ST–connector; 820 nm; multimode optical fibre - C53207-A351-D651-1
maximum length: 1.5 km 1)
FO6 with ST–connector; 820 nm; multimode optical fibre - C53207-A351-D652-1
maximum length: 3 km
FO7 with ST–connector; 1300 nm; monomode optical fibre - C53207-A351-D653-1
maximum length:10 km
FO8 with FC-connector; 1300 nm; monomode optical fibre - C53207-A351-D654-1
maximum length: 35 km
1
) also used for connection to optical-electrical communication converter
Short Circuit Links
Short circuit links for purpose / terminal type Order No.
Voltage connections, 18 terminal, or 12 terminal C73334-A1-C34-1
Current connections,12 terminal, or 8 terminal C73334-A1-C33-1
Plug-in Connectors
Connector Type Order No.
2 pin C73334-A1-C35-1
3 pin C73334-A1-C36-1
7SA522 Manual A-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Mounting Rail for
19"-Racks
Name Order No.
Angle Strip (Mounting Rail) C73165-A63-C200-3
Battery
Lithium-Battery 3 V/1 Ah, Type CR 1/2 AA Order No.
VARTA 6127 101 501
Interface Cable An interface cable is necessary for communication between the SIPROTEC device
and a PC. Requirements for the computer are Windows 95 or Windows NT4 and the
operating software DIGSI® 4.
Interface cable between PC or SIPROTEC device Order No.
Cable with 9-pin male/female connections 7XV5100-4
Operating Software Software for setting and operating SIPROTEC® 4 devices
DIGSI® 4
Operating Software DIGSI® 4 Order No.
DIGSI® 4, basic version with license for 10 computers 7XS5400-0AA00
DIGSI® 4, complete version with all option packages 7XS5402-0AA0
Graphical Analysis Software for graphical visualization, analysis, and evaluation of fault data. Option
Program SIGRA package of the complete version of DIGSI® 4
Graphical analysis program SIGRA® Order No.
Full version with license for 10 machines 7XS5410-0AA0
Display Editor Software for creating basic and power system control pictures. Option package
of the complete version of DIGSI® 4
Display Editor 4 Order No.
Full version with license for 10 machines 7XS5420-0AA0
Graphic Tools Graphical Software to aid in the setting of characteristic curves and provide zone
diagrams for overcurrent and distance protective devices. Option package of the
complete version of DIGSI® 4.
Graphic Tools 4 Order No.
Full version with license for 10 machines 7XS5430-0AA0
DIGSI REMOTE 4 Software for remotely operating protective devices via a modem (and possibly a star
connector) using DIGSI® 4. (Option package of the complete version of DIGSI® 4.
DIGSI REMOTE 4 Order No.
Full version with license for 10 machines 7XS5440-1AA0
A-6 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
SIMATIC CFC 4 Graphical software for setting interlocking (latching) control conditions and creating
additional function is SIPROTEC 4 devices. Option package for the complete version
of DIGSI® 4.
SIMATIC CFC 4 Order No.
Full version with license for 10 machines 7XS5450-0AA0
7SA522 Manual A-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.2 General Diagrams
A.2.1 Panel Flush Mounting or Cubicle Mounting
7SA522∗−∗A/J
Q1 *) BO1 K6
IL1
Q2 *) BO2 K7
Q3 *) BO3 K8
IL2
Q4 K5
Q5 IL3 *) BO4 K9
Q6 K10 *) fast
Q7 I4 *) BO5 K11
Q8 K12
R15 UL1 K13
*) BO6
R17 UL2 K14
R18 UL3 *) BO7 K15
R16 K16
R13 BO8 R1
U4
R14 BO9 R2
BO10 R3
K17 BI1 BO11 R4
K18 BO12 R6
J1 BI2
R5
J2
1 2
J3 BI3 BO13 R7
3 2
J4 BI4 R8
J6 BI5
BO14 R9
J5
R10
J7 BI6
BO15 R11
J8
R12
J9 BI7
J10 Live 1 2
K3
J11 BI8 contact 3 2
K4
J12 +
Power (~)
K1
supply - K2
Protection
For the pin assignment of the interfaces
see tables 8-12 and 8-13 in sub-section
data interface 2 E
Protection
data interface 1 D
System
interface B
Service
interface C
Clock
synchronisation A
8.2.1
Operating
interface
Earthing at
rear wall
Figure A-1 General diagram 7SA522∗-∗A/J (panel flush mounting or cubicle mounting;
size1/2)
A-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗C/L
Q1 *) BO1 K6
IL1
Q2 *) BO2 K7
Q3 IL2 *) BO3 K8
Q4 K5
Q5 *) BO4 K9
IL3 K10
Q6
Q7 K11 *) fast
I4 *) BO5
Q8 K12
R15 UL1 *) BO6 K13
R17 UL2 K14
R18 UL3 *) BO7 K15
K16
R16 BO8 R1
R13 U4 BO9 R2
R14
BO10 R3
K17 BI1 BO11 R4
K18 BO12 R6
J1 BI2 R5
J2 BO13
1 2
R7
J3 BI3 3 2
R8
J4 BI4
J6 BI5 BO14 R9
J5 R10
J7 BI6 BO15 R11
J8 R12
1 2
J9 BI7 BO16 P3
3 2
J10 P4
J11 BI8 BO17 P6
J12 BO18 P7
P17 BI9 BO19 P8
P18 P5
N1 BI10 BO20 P9
N2 P10
N3 BI11 BO21 P11
N4 BI12 P12
N6 BI13 BO22 P13
N5 P14
N7 BI14 BO23 P15
N8 P16
N9 BI15
N10
N11 BI16 Life- 1 2
K3
N12 contact 3 2
K4
+
Power (~)
K1
supply - K2
For the pin assignment
tables 8-12 and 8-13 in
of the interfaces see
Protection
E
data interface 2
sub-section 8.2.1
Clock Protection
A synchronisation D
data interface 1
Operating System
interface interface B
Service
interface C
Earthing at
rear wall
Figure A-2 General diagram 7SA522∗-∗C/L (panel flush mounting or cubicle mounting;
size1/1)
7SA522 Manual A-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗N/S
Q1 BO1 K6
IL1
Q2 BO2 K7
Q3 BO3 K8
IL2
Q4 K5
Q5 BO4 K9
IL3 K10
Q6
Q7 BO5 K11
I4 K12
Q8
R15 UL1 BO6 K13
R17 UL2 K14
R18 UL3 BO7 K15
K16
R16 BO8 R1
R13 U4 BO9 R2
R14
BO10 R3
K17 BI1 BO11 R4
K18 BO12 R6
J1 BI2 R5
J2 BO13
1 2
R7
J3 BI3 3 2
R8
J4 BI4
J6 BI5 BO14 R9
J5 R10
J7 BI6 BO15 R11
J8 R12
J9 BI7 *) BO16 P3
J10 P4
J11 BI8 **) BO17 P6
J12 **) BO18 P7
P17 BI9 **) BO19 P8
P18 P5
N1 BI10 *) BO20 P9
N2 P10
N3 BI11 *) BO21 P11 *) High-Speed
N4 BI12 P12 **) fast
N6 BI13 *) BO22 P13
N5 P14
N7 BI14 *) BO23 P15
N8 P16
N9 BI15
N10
N11 BI16 Life 1 2
K3
N12 contact 3 2
K4
+
Power (~)
K1
supply - K2
For the pin assignment
tables 8-12 and 8-13 in
of the interfaces see
Protection
E
data interface 2
sub-section 8.2.1
Clock Protection
A synchronisation D
data interface 1
Operating System
interface interface B
Service
interface C
Earthing at
rear wall
Figure A-3 General diagram 7SA522∗-∗N/S (panel flush mounting or cubicle mounting;
size1/1)
A-10 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗D/M
Q1 *) BO1 K6
IL1
Q2 *) BO2 K7
Q3 IL2 *) BO3 K8
Q4 K5
Q5 *) BO4 K9
IL3 K10
Q6
Q7 K11
I4 *) BO5 K12
*) fast
Q8
R15 UL1 *) BO6 K13
R17 UL2 K14
UL3 K15
R18 *) BO7
K16
R16 BO8 R1
R13 U4 BO9 R2
R14
BO10 R3
K17 BI1 BO11 R4
K18 BO12 R6
J1 BI2 R5
J2 BO13
1 2
R7
J3 BI3 3 2
R8
J4 BI4
J6 BI5 BO14 R9
J5 R10
BO15 R11
J7 BI6
R12
J8 1 2
J9 BI7 BO16 P3
3 2
J10 P4
J11 BI8 BO17 P6
J12 BO18 P7
BO19 P8
P17 BI9
P18 P5
BI10 BO20 P9
N1
P10
N2
BO21 P11
N3 BI11
P12
N4 BI12
N6 BI13 BO22 P13
N5 P14
BO23 P15
N7 BI14
N8 P16
1 2
N9 BI15 BO24 H3
3 2
N10 H4
N11 BI16 BO25 H6
N12 BO26 H7
H17 BI17 BO27 H8
H18 H5
G1 BI18 BO28 H9
G2 H10
G3 BI19 BO29 H11
G4 BI20 H12
G6 BI21 BO30 H13
G5 H14
G7 BI22 BO31 H15
G8 H16
G9 BI23 Life 1 2
K3
contact
13 in sub-section 8.2.1
see tables 8-12 and 8-
3 2
G10 K4
ment of the interfaces
+
G11 BI24 Power K1
For the pin assign-
(~)
G12 supply - K2
Protection E
data interface 2
Time Protection
A synchronisation D
data interface 1
Operating System
interface interface B
Earthing at Service
rear wall interface C
Figure A-4 General diagram 7SA522∗-∗D/M (panel flush mounting or cubicle mounting;
size1/1
7SA522 Manual A-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗P/T
Q1 BO1 K6
IL1
Q2 BO2 K7
Q3 BO3 K8
IL2
Q4 K5
Q5 BO4 K9
IL3
Q6 K10
Q7 BO5 K11
I4 K12
Q8
R15 UL1 BO6 K13
R17 UL2 K14
R18 UL3 BO7 K15
K16
R16 BO8 R1
R13 U4 BO9 R2
R14
BO10 R3
K17 BI1 BO11 R4
K18 BO12 R6
J1 BI2 R5
J2 BO13
1 2
R7
J3 BI3 3 2
R8
J4 BI4
J6 BI5 BO14 R9
J5 R10
BO15 R11
J7 BI6
R12
J8
J9 BI7 *) BO16 P3
J10 P4
J11 BI8 **) BO17 P6
J12 **) BO18 P7
**) BO19 P8
P17 BI9
P18 P5
*) High-Speed
*) BO20 P9 **) fast
N1 BI10
P10
N2
*) BO21 P11
N3 BI11 P12
N4 BI12
N6 BI13 *) BO22 P13
N5 P14
BI14 *) BO23 P15
N7
N8 P16
1 2
N9 BI15 BO24 H3
3 2
N10 H4
N11 BI16 BO25 H6
N12 BO26 H7
H17 BI17 BO27 H8
H18 H5
G1 BI18 BO28 H9
G2 H10
G3 BI19 BO29 H11
G4 BI20 H12
G6 BI21 BO30 H13
G5 H14
G7 BI22 BO31 H15
G8 H16
Life 1 2
For the pin assignment of
G9 BI23
the interfaces see tables
K3
G10 contact 3 2
K4
8-12 and 8-13 in sub-
+
G11 BI24 Power (~)
K1
G12 supply - K2
Protection
section 8.2.1
E
data interface 2
Clock Protection
A synchronisation D
data interface1
Operating System
interface interface B
Earthing at Service
rear wall interface C
Figure A-5 General diagram 7SA522∗-∗P/T (panel flush mounting or cubicle mounting;
size1/1
A-12 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.2.2 Panel Surface Mounting
7SA522∗−∗E
25 *) BO1 63
IL1
50 *) BO2 87
24 *) BO3 62
IL2
49 88 *) fast
23 IL3 *) BO4 86
48 61
22 I4 *) BO5 85
47 60
20 UL1 84
*) BO6
19 UL2 59
44 UL3 83
*) BO7
45 58
21 BO8 74
U4
46 BO9 99
BO10 73
43 BI1 BO11 98
18 BO12 72
42 BI2
97
17 1 2
41 BI3 BO13 96
3 2
40 BI4 71
39 BI5 95
BO14
14 70
38 BI6 BO15 94
13 69
37 BI7 Live status 1 2
12 90
contact 3 2
36 BI8 65
11 +
Power (~)
L+
supply - L–
Operator
interface
Earthing at the
side wall
Figure A-6 General diagram 7SA522∗–∗E (panel surface mounting)
For connections of the further interfaces see Figures A-7, A-8.
7SA522 Manual A-13
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗E
(up to development
state /DD)
Channel B
Profibus
RS232 RS485
5 CTS B
FOC 6 RTS –
System
interface or 7 GND GND
wire 8 TxD A
9 RxD –
10 screen
Channel C
RS232 RS485
30 CTS B
Service
FOC 31 RTS –
interface or 32 GND GND
wire 33 TxD A
34 RxD –
35 screen
FOC
Protection
data interface 1 Channel D
FOC
Protection Channel E
data interface 2
2 IN SYNC
27 IN 12 V
3 COM SYNC
Clock
synchronisation 28 COMMON
4 IN 5 V
29 IN 24 V
1 screen
Figure A-7 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗E up to development state /DD (panel surface
mounting; size 1/2)
A-14 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗E
(beginning with
development state
/EE)
System
interface
Channel B
electric RS232/RS485
Service
interface
Channel C
electric RS232/RS485
For the pin assignment of
the interfaces see tables
8-12 and 8-13 in sub-
section 8.2.1
Protection
data interface 1 Channel D
Protection Channel E
data interface 2
2 IN SYNC
27 IN 12 V
Clock
3 COM SYNC
synchronisation 28 COMMON
4 IN 5 V
29 IN 24 V
1 Screen
Figure A-8 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗E beginning with development state /EE (panel
surface mounting; size 1/2)
7SA522 Manual A-15
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗G
50 *) BO1 123
IL1
100 *) BO2 172
49 *) BO3 122
IL2
99 173
48 *) BO4 171
IL3 121
98
47 *) BO5 170
I4 120
97
UL1 169 *) fast
45 *) BO6
44 UL2 119
94 UL3 *) BO7 168
118
95 BO8 149
46 U4 BO9 199
96
BO10 148
75 BI1 BO11 198
25 BO12 147
74 BI2 197
24 1 2
BO13 196
73 BI3 3 2
146
23 BI4
BO14 195
22 BI5
145
72
BO15 194
71 BI6 144
21 1 2
70 BI7 BO16 190
3 2
20 140
69 BI8 BO17 139
19 BO18 188
90 BI9 BO19 138
40 189
89 BI10 BO20 187
39 137
86 BI11 BO21 186
36 BI12 136
35 BI13 BO22 185
85 135
84 BI14 BO23 184
34 134
83 BI15
33
82 BI16
32 Live status 1 2
174
contact 3 2
124
+
Power (~)
L+
supply - L–
Operator
interface
Earthing at the
side wall
Figure A-9 General diagram 7SA522∗–∗G (panel surface mounting)
For connections of the further interfaces see Figure A-13, A-14.
A-16 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗Q
50 BO1 123
IL1
100 BO2 172
49 BO3 122
IL2
99 173
48 BO4 171
IL3
98 121
47 BO5 170
I4 120
97
45 UL1 BO6 169
44 UL2 119
94 UL3 BO7 168
118
95 BO8 149
46 U4 BO9 199
96
BO10 148
75 BI1 BO11 198
25 BO12 147
74 BI2 197
24 1 2
BO13 196
73 BI3 3 2
146
23 BI4
22 BI5 BO14 195
72 145
71 BI6 BO15 194
21 144
70 BI7 *) BO16 190
20 140
69 BI8 **) BO17 139
19 **) BO18 188
90 BI9 **) BO19 138
40 189
89 BI10 *) High-Speed
*) BO20 187
39 **) fast
137
86 BI11 186
*) BO21
36 BI12 136
35 BI13
*) BO22 185
85
135
84 BI14 184
34 *) BO23
134
83 BI15
33
82 BI16
32 Life 1 2
174
contact 3 2
124
+
Power (~)
L+
supply - L–
For the pin assign-
ment of the inter-
Operating faces see table 8-
interface 12 in sub-section
8.2.1
Earthing at
side wall
Figure A-10 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗Q (panel surface mounting; size 1/1)
For connections of the further interfaces see Figure A-13, A-14.
7SA522 Manual A-17
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗H
50 *) BO1 123
IL1
100 *) BO2 172
49 *) BO3 122
IL2
99 173
48 *) BO4 171
IL3
98 121
170 *) fast
47 I4 *) BO5
97 120
45 UL1 *) BO6 169
44 UL2 119
94 UL3 *) BO7 168
118
95 BO8 149
46 U4 BO9 199
96 BO10 148
BO11 198
75 BI1
BO12 147
25
74 BI2 197
1 2
24 BO13 196
3 2
73 BI3 146
23 BI4 BO14 195
22 BI5 145
72 BO15 194
71 BI6 144
1 2
21 BO16 190
3 2
70 BI7 140
20 BO17 139
69 BI8 BO18 188
19 BO19 138
90 BI9 189
40 187
BO20
89 BI10 137
39 186
BO21
86 BI11 136
36 BI12 185
35 BI13 BO22
135
85 184
84 BI14 BO23
134
34 1 2
83 BI15 BO24 166
3 2
33 116
BO25 115
82 BI16
BO26 164
32
BO27 114
68 BI17
18 165
67 BI18 BO28 163
17 113
66 BO29 162
BI19
112
16 BI20
15 BI21 BO30 161
65 111
64 BI22 BO31 160
14 110
63 BI23 Live status 1 2
13 174
contact 3 2
124
62 BI24
+
12 Power (~)
L+
supply - L–
Operator
interface
Earthing at the
side wall
Figure A-11 General diagram 7SA522∗–∗H (panel surface mounting)
For connections of the further interfaces see Figure A-13, A-14.
A-18 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗R
50 BO1 123
IL1
100 BO2 172
49 BO3 122
IL2
99 173
48 BO4 171
IL3
98 121
47 BO5 170
I4 120
97
45 UL1 BO6 169
44 UL2 119
94 UL3 BO7 168
118
95 BO8 149
46 U4 BO9 199
96
BO10 148
75 BI1 BO11 198
25 BO12 147
74 BI2 197
24 BO13
1 2
196
73 BI3 3 2
146
23 BI4
22 BI5 BO14 195
72 145
71 BI6 BO15 194
21 144
70 BI7 *) BO16 190
20 140
69 BI8 **) BO17 139
19 **) BO18 188
90 BI9 **) BO19 138
40 189
89 BI10 *) High-Speed
*) BO20 187
39 **) fast
137
86 BI11 *) BO21 186
36 BI12 136
35 BI13 185
*) BO22
85 135
84 BI14 *) BO23 184
34 134
83 BI15 1 2
33 BO24 166
3 2
116
82 BI16
BO25 115
32
BO26 164
68 BI17 BO27 114
18
165
67 BI18
17 BO28 163
113
66 BI19
BO29 162
16 BI20
112
15 BI21
65 BO30 161
111
64 BI22
14 BO31 160
110
63 BI23
13 Life 1 2
174
62 BI24 contact 3 2
124
12 +
Power (~)
L+ For the pin assign-
supply - L– ment of the inter-
faces see table 8-
Operating
interface 12 in sub-section
Earthing at 8.2.1
side wall
Figure A-12 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗R (panel surface mounting; size 1/1)
For connections of the further interfaces see Figure A-13, A-14.
7SA522 Manual A-19
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗G/H/Q/R
(up to development
state /DD) Channel B
Profibus
RS232 RS485
5 CTS B
System
FOC 6 RTS –
interface or 7 GND GND
wire 8 TxD A
9 RxD –
10 screen
Channel C
RS232 RS485
55 CTS B
Service
FOC 56 RTS –
interface or 57 GND GND
wire 58 TxD A
59 RxD –
60 screen
Protection FOC
data interface1 Channel D
FOC
Protection
data interface 2 Channel E
2 IN SYNC
52 IN 12 V
Clock
3 COM SYNC
synchronisation 53 COMMON
4 IN 5 V
54 IN 24 V
1 screen
Figure A-13 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗G/H/Q/R up to development state /DD (panel
surface mounting; size 1/1)
A-20 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
7SA522∗−∗G/H/Q/R
(beginning with
development state
/EE)
FOC
System
interface or Channel B
wire
electric RS232/RS485
FOC
Service
interface or
Channel C
wire
electric RS232/RS485
For the pin assignment of
the interfaces see tables
8-12 and 8-13 in sub-
section 8.2.1
Protection FOC
data interface1 Channel D
FOC
Protection
data interface 2 Channel E
2 IN SYNC
52 IN 12 V
Clock
3 COM SYNC
synchronisation 53 COMMON
4 IN 5 V
54 IN 24 V
1 screen
Figure A-14 General diagram 7SA522∗−∗G/H/Q/R beginning with development state /EE
(panel surface mounting; size 1/1)
7SA522 Manual A-21
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.3 Connection Examples
Current
Transformer
Examples
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
25 Q1 Q2 50
IL2
24 Q3 Q4 49
IL3
23 Q5 Q6 48
P2
S2
I4
P1
S1 22 Q7 Q8 47
7SA522
L1 L2 L3 Housing Size 1/2
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
50 Q1 Q2 100
IL2
49 Q3 Q4 99
IL3
48 Q5 Q6 98
P2
S2
I4
P1
S1 47 Q7 Q8 97
7SA522
L1 L2 L3 Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-15 Current connections to three current transformers with a star-point connection
for earth current (residual 3I0 neutral current), normal circuit layout — appropriate
for all networks
A-22 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
25 Q1 Q2 50
IL2
24 Q3 Q4 49
IL3
23 Q5 Q6 48
P2
S2
I4
S1 47 Q8 Q7 22
P1
7SA522
L1 L2 L3
P2 S2
P1 S1
Important! Cable shield grounding must be done on the cable side!
Note: Change of Address 201 setting changes polarity of 3I0 Current
Input!
Housing Size 1/2
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
50 Q1 Q2 100
IL2
49 Q3 Q4 99
IL3
48 Q5 Q6 98
P2
S2
I4
S1 97 Q8 Q7 47
P1
7SA522
L1 L2 L3
P2 S2
P1 S1
Important! Cable shield grounding must be done on the cable side!
Note: Change of Address 201 setting changes polarity of 3I0 Current
Input!
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-16 Current connections to three current transformers and a separate neutral current
transformer (summation transformer) for earth current — preferred for effectively
or low-resistive earthed networks
7SA522 Manual A-23
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1 IL1
25 Q1 Q2 50 25 Q1 Q2 50
IL2 IL2
24 Q3 Q4 49 24 Q3 Q4 49
IL3 IL3
23 Q5 Q6 48 23 Q5 Q6 48
P2
S2
I4 P2
S2
I4
22 Q7 Q8 47 22 Q7 Q8 47
S1 7SA522 S1 7SA522
P1 P1
Line 1 Line 2
Housing Size 1/2
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1 IL1
50 Q1 Q2 100 50 Q1 Q2 100
IL2 IL2
49 Q3 Q4 99 49 Q3 Q4 99
IL3 IL3
48 Q5 Q6 98 48 Q5 Q6 98
P2
S2
I4 P2
S2
I4
47 Q7 Q8 97 47 Q7 Q8 97
S1 7SA522 S1 7SA522
P1 P1
Line 1 Line 2
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-17 Current connections to three current transformers but earth current (residual 3I0 neutral current) from the
star-point connection of a parallel line (for parallel line compensation)
A-24 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
P1 P2
25 Q1 Q2 50
IL2
S1 S2 24 Q3 Q4 49
IL3
23 Q5 Q6 48
I4
P2 47 Q8 Q7 22
S2
7SA522
S1
P1
Transformer Line
Housing Size 1/2
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
IL1
50 Q1 Q2 100
P1 P2
IL2
S1 S2 49 Q3 Q4 99
IL3
48 Q5 Q6 98
I4
P2 97 Q8 Q7 47
S2
7SA522
S1
P1
Transformer Line
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-18 Current connections to three current transformers but earth current from the star-point current of a power
transformer (for directional earth fault protection)
7SA522 Manual A-25
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Voltage
L1
Transformer
L2
Examples
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
20 R15
A B UL2
19 R17
UL3
44 R18
a b 45 R16
7SA522
Housing Size 1/2
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
45 R15
A B UL2
44 R17
UL3
94 R18
a b 95 R16
7SA522
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-19 Voltage connections to three wye-connected voltage transformers (normal
circuit layout)
A-26 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
20 R15
A B UL2
19 R17
UL3
44 R18
da dn a b 45 R16
U4
21 R13
46 R14
7SA522
Housing Size 1/2
L1
L2
L3
Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
45 R15
A B UL2
44 R17
UL3
94 R18
da dn a b 95 R16
U4
46 R13
96 R14
7SA522
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-20 Voltage connections to three wye-connected voltage transformers with
additional open-delta windings (da–dn–winding)
7SA522 Manual A-27
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
L1
L2
L3
(voltage as desired)
a
b Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
20 R15
A B UL2
19 R17
UL3
44 R18
a b 45 R16
U4
21 R13
46 R14
7SA522
Housing Size 1/2
L1
L2
L3
(voltage as desired)
a
b Panel Surface Mounted
Flush Mounted/Cubicle
UL1
45 R15
A B UL2
44 R17
UL3
94 R18
a b 95 R16
U4
46 R13
96 R14
7SA522
Housing Size 1/1
Figure A-21 Voltage connections to three wye-connected voltage transformers and
additionally to a bus-bar voltage (for overvoltage protection)
A-28 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.4 Preset Configurations
Presettings The LED indication presettings which are present in the device when it leaves the
factory are summarised in Table A-1, those of the binary inputs in Table A-2. The
output relay pre-configuration is shown in Table A-3. The outputs R1 to R7 in this case
are particularly suited for fast operation.
Table A-1 LED indication presettings
LED LCD Text Function Remarks
No.
LED 1 Relay PICKUP L1 0503 Device (general) pick up phase L1,
latched
LED 2 Relay PICKUP L2 0504 Device (general) pick up phase L2,
latched
LED 3 Relay PICKUP L3 0505 Device (general) pick up phase L3,
latched
LED 4 Relay PICKUP E 0506 Device (general) pick up earth fault,
latched
LED 5 EF reverse 1359 Device (general) pick up reverse fault,
Dis. reverse. 3720 latched
LED 6 Relay TRIP 2) 0511 2) Device (general) trip, latched 2)
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 Device (general) trip 3-pole, latched
LED 7 — 2) — 2) no pre-setting 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL1 1) 0512 1) Device (general) trip 1-pole, latched 1)
Relay TRIP 1pL2 1) 0513 1)
Relay TRIP 1pL3 1) 0514 1)
LED 8 Dis.TripZ1/1p 1) 3811 1) Distance protection trip in zone Z1,
DisTRIP3p. Z1sf 3823 latched
DisTRIP3p. Z1mf 3824
LED 9 Dis.TripZ1B1p 1) 3813 1) Distance protection trip in zone Z1B,
DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf 3825 latched
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf 3826
LED 10 Dis.TripZ2/1p 1) 3816 1) Distance protection trip in zone Z2,
Dis.TripZ2/3p 3817 latched
LED 11 Dis.TripZ3/T3 3818 Distance protection trip in zones Z3 to
Dis.TRIP 3p. Z4 3821 Z5, latched
Dis.TRIP 3p. Z5 3822
LED 12 AR not ready 3) 2784 3) Automatic reclosure not ready at
present, unlatched 3)
LED 13 Emer. mode 2054 Emergency operation (overcurrent
protection), latched
LED 14 Alarm Sum Event 0160 General alarm, non-latched
1
) devices with single- and three-pole tripping
2
) devices with 3-pole tripping
3
) devices with automatic reclosure
7SA522 Manual A-29
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Table A-2 Binary input presettings
Binary Input LCD Text Function Remarks
No.
BI 1 >Reset LED 0005 Reset of latched indications, H–active
BI 2 >Manual Close 0356 Manual close of the circuit breaker,
H–active
BI 3 >FAIL:Feeder VT 0361 Voltage transformer secondary minia-
ture circuit breaker, H–active
>I-STUB ENABLE 7131 Enable I-STUB-Bus function, H–active
BI 4 >DisTel Rec.Ch1 4006 Distance protection teleprotection re-
ceive signal, H–active
BI 5 >1p Trip Perm1) 0381 1) single-pole tripping allowed , H–active
1)
(others) — — no pre-setting
1
) devices with single- and three-pole tripping
2) devices with 3-pole tripping
3) devices with automatic reclosure
Table A-3 Output relay presettings
Binary Out- LCD Text Function No. Remarks
put
BO 1 Relay PICKUP 0501 Device (general) pick up
BO 2 Dis.T.SEND 4056 Distance protection teleprotection
send signal
BO 3 — — no pre-setting
2) 2)
BO 4 Relay TRIP 0511 Device (general) trip command 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL1 1) 0512 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L1 1)
BO 5 Relay TRIP 2) 0511 2) Device (general) trip command 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL2 1) 0513 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L2 1)
BO 6 — 2) — 2) no pre-setting 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL3 1) 0514 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L3 1)
BO 7 AR CLOSE Cmd.3) 2851 3) Automatic reclosure close command 3)
BO 8 DisTRIP3p. Z1sf 2) 3823 2) Distance protection three-pole trip in
DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf 2) 3825 2) zone Z1 or Z1B following a single-
phase fault 2)
Dis.TripZ1/1p 1) 3811 1) Distance protection single-pole trip in
Dis.TripZ1B1p 1) 3813 1) zone Z1 or Z1B 1)
1
) devices with single- and three-pole tripping
2
) devices with three-pole tripping only
3
) devices with automatic reclosure
A-30 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Table A-3 Output relay presettings
Binary Out- LCD Text Function No. Remarks
put
BO 9 DisTRIP3p. Z1mf 2) 3824 2) Distance protection three-pole trip in
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf 2) 3826 2) zone Z1 or Z1B following a multi-
phase fault 2)
DisTRIP3p. Z1sf 1) 3823 1) Distance protection three-pole trip in
DisTRIP3p. Z1mf 1) 3824 1) zone Z1 or Z1B 1)
DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf 1) 3825 1)
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf 1) 3826 1)
BO 10 DisTRIP3p. Z1sf 2) 3823 2) Distance protection three-pole trip in
DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf 2) 3825 2) zone Z1 or Z1B following a single-
phase fault 2)
— 1) — 1) no pre-setting 1)
BO 11 DisTRIP3p. Z1mf 2) 3824 2) Distance protection three-pole trip in
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf 2) 3826 2) zone Z1 or Z1B following multi-phase
fault 2)
— 1) — 1) no pre-setting 1)
BO 12 Alarm Sum Event 0160 General supervision alarm
2) 2)
BO 13 Relay TRIP 0511 Device (general) trip command 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL1 1) 0512 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L1 1)
BO 14 Relay TRIP 2) 0511 2) Device (general) trip command 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL2 1) 0513 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L2 1)
BO 15 — 2) — 2) no pre-setting 2)
Relay TRIP 1pL3 1) 0514 1) Device (general) trip command for
Relay TRIP 3ph. 1) 0515 1) breaker pole L3 1)
(others) — — no pre-setting
1
) devices with single- and three-pole tripping
2
) devices with three-pole tripping only
3
) devices with automatic reclosure
7SA522 Manual A-31
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Pre-defined 7SA522 contains a worksheet with the pre-defined CFC-charts:
CFC–Charts
Device and System Logic
Some of the event-controlled logical allocations are created with blocks of the slow
logic (3/&B%($5% = slow PLC processing).
This way, the binary input „!'DWD6WRS“ is modified from a single point indication
(SP) into an internal single point indication (IntSP) by means of a “negator” block.
With double point indication “*QG6ZLW” = CLOS an indication saying “IHHGHUJQG”
CLOSE and with “*QG6ZLW” = OPEN or INT the indication “IHHGHUJQG” OPEN is
generated.
The internal indication “'HYLFH%UN23(1('” is created from the outgoing indication
“),1$/75,3”. Since this indication only queued for 500 ms, also indication “'HYLFH
%UN23(1('” is reset after this time period.
“IN: Device >Data Stop SP” “OUT: Control Device Unlock DT IE”
“OUT: Device FdrEARTHED IE”
“IN: Control Device Q8 Earth Swit DP”
“IN: P.System Data 2 Final Trip OUT” “OUT: Device Brk OPENED. IE”
Figure A-22 Allocation of input and output with blocks of level System Logic.
Interlocking
With blocks of level “Interlocking” (6)6B%($5% = interlocking), standard interlocking
for three switchgears (circuit breaker, disconnector and earth switch) is pre-defined.
Due to the large functional scope of the logic you will find this level on two worksheets.
The circuit breaker can be only be opened, if
• the circuit breaker is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the disconnector is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the earth switch is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the disconnector and the earth switch are not set to CLOS at the same time and
A-32 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
• the input indication “>CB wait” is set to OPEN and
• the input indication “>Door open” is set to OPEN.
The disconnector can only be closed, if:
• the circuit breaker is set to OPEN and
• the earth switch is set to OPEN and
• the disconnector is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the input indication “>Door open” is set to OPEN.
The disconnector can only be closed, if:
• the circuit breaker is set to CLOS and
• the disconnector is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the earth switch is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the input indication “>Door open” is set to OPEN.
The earth switch can only be closed, if:
• the circuit breaker is set to OPEN and
• the disconnector is set to OPEN and
• the earth switch is set to OPEN or CLOS and
• the input indication “>Door open” is set to OPEN.
If requirements above-mentioned are not fulfilled, the actions of the switch commands
will be blocked with error messages by DIGSI® 4.
7SA522 Manual A-33
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Worksheet 1
“IN: Control Device Breaker DP” “Interlocking (A) \ 17, X1”
“Interlocking (A) \ 16, X1”
“Interlocking (A) \ 15, X1”
“IN: Control Device Breaker DP”
“Interlocking (A) \ 17, X2”
“IN: Control Device Disc. Swit. DP” “Interlocking (A) \ 16, X2”
“Interlocking (A) \ 15, X3”
“IN: Control Device Disc. Swit. DP”
“Interlocking (A) \ 15, X2”
“IN: Control Device Earth Swit DP” “Interlocking (A) \ 17, X3”
“Interlocking (A) \ 16, X3”
“IN: Control Device Earth Swit DP” “OUT: Control Device 52 Close IE”
“IN: Process Data > CB wait SP” “Interlocking (A) \ 14, X”
“IN: Process Data >Door open SP” “Interlocking (A) \ 15, X4”
“Interlocking (A) \ 17, X4”
“Interlocking (A) \ 16, X4”
Worksheet 2 (continuation of Worksheet 1)
“Interlocking (A) \ 12 Y” “OUT: Control Device 52 OPEN IE”
“Interlocking (A) \ 5 Y Indication” “OUT: Control Device Disc. Swit. CLOS IE”
“Interlocking (A) \ 8 Y”
“Interlocking (A) \ 12 Y”
“Interlocking (A) \ 1 Y Indication”
“Interlocking (A) \ 8 Y” “OUT: Control Device Disc. Swit. OPEN IE”
“Interlocking (A) \ 12 Y”
“Interlocking (A) \ 10 Y”
“Interlocking (A) \ 1 Y Indication”
“Interlocking (A) \ 3 Y Indication” “OUT: Control Device GndSwit. CLOS IE”
“Interlocking (A) \ 12 Y” “OUT: Control Device GndSwit. OPEN IE”
“Interlocking (A) \ 10 Y”
“Interlocking (A) \ 1 Y Indication”
Figure A-23 Standard interlocking for circuit breaker (52 breaker), disconnector and earth switch
A-34 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Set points
On two worksheets a set point supervision of the sum of power factor cos ϕ < and
in the maximum functional scope additional set point supervisions of currents
(demand meter of phase currents and positive-sequence component) and
supervisions of power (apparent power, active power and reactive power) are created
with blocks of level “Processing of Measured Values”.
Worksheet1
“IN: Set points cosPhi< LV” “OUT: Set points LV cosPhi< OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter cosPhi= DM”
Worksheet 2
“IN: Set points IL1dmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV IL1dmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter IL1dmd = DM”
“IN: Set points IL2dmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV IL2dmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter IL2dmd = DM”
“IN: Set points IL3dmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV IL3dmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter IL3dmd = DM”
“IN: Set points I1dmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV I1dmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter I1dmd = DM”
“IN: Set points Sdmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV Sdmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter Sdmd = DM”
“IN: Set points Pdmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV Pdmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter Pdmd = DM”
“IN: Set points Qdmd> LV” “OUT: Set points LV Qdmd> OUT”
“IN: Demand Meter Qdmd = DM”
Figure A-24 Set point configuration with blocks of level “Processing of Measured Values” (MW_BEARB)
7SA522 Manual A-35
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
A.5 Protocol Dependent Functions
Protocol → IEC 60870–5–103 Profibus FMS Profibus DP DNP3.0 Additional
Service
Function ↓
Interface
(optional)
Operational Measured Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Values
Metering Values Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Fault Recording Yes Yes No. Only via Additio- No. Only via Additio- Yes
nal Service Interface nal Service Interface
Protective Setting from No. Only via Additional Yes No. Only via Additio- No. Only via Additio- Yes
Remote Service Interface nal Service Interface nal Service Interface
User-defined Alarms and Yes Yes Pre-defined Pre-defined Yes
Switching Objects “User defined “User defined
Annunciations” Annunciations”
in CFC in CFC
Time Sychronism Via Protocol; Via Protocol; Via DCF77/IRIG B; Via DCF77/IRIG B; –
DCF77/IRIG B; DCF77/IRIG B; Interface; Interface;
Interface; Interface; Binary Input Binary Input
Binary Input Binary Input
Alarms with Time Stamp Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Commissioning Tools:
• Alarm and Measured Yes Yes No No Yes
Value Transmission
Blocking
• Generate Test Alarms Yes Yes No No Yes
Physical Mode Asynchronous Asynchronous Asynchronous Asynchronous –
Transmission Mode Cyclic/Event Cyclic/Event Cyclic Cyclic/Event –
Baudrate 4800 to 38400 Up to 1.5 MBaud Up to 1.5 MBaud 2400 to 19200 2400 to
115200
Type RS232 RS485 RS485 RS485 RS232
RS485 Optical Fibres Optical Fibres Optical Fibres RS485
Optical Fibres • Single Ring Optical
• Double Ring
Fibres
• Double Ring
A-36 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix B
This appendix is primarily a reference for the experienced user. Tables with all set-
tings and all information available in a 7SA522 equipped with all options are pro-
vided.
B.1 Settings B-2
B.2 List of Information B-21
B.3 Measuered Values B-61
7SA522 Manual B-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
B.1 Settings
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
103 Grp Chge OPTION Disabled Disabled Setting Group Change Option
Enabled
110 Trip mode 3pole only 3pole only Trip mode
1-/3pole
112 Phase Distance Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Phase Distance
MHO
Disabled
113 Earth Distance Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Earth Distance
MHO
Disabled
120 Power Swing Disabled Disabled Power Swing detection
Enabled
121 Teleprot. Dist. PUTT (Z1B acceleration) Disabled Teleprotection for Distance prot.
POTT
Unblocking
Blocking
POTT over Protection Interface
Disabled
122 DTT Direct Trip Disabled Disabled DTT Direct Transfer Trip
Enabled
124 SOTF Overcurr. Disabled Disabled Instantaneous HighSpeed SOTF Overcur-
Enabled rent
125 Weak Infeed Disabled Disabled Weak Infeed (Trip and/or Echo)
Enabled
126 Back-Up O/C Disabled Time Overcurrent Curve Backup overcurrent
Time Overcurrent Curve IEC IEC
Time Overcurrent Curve ANSI
131 Earth Fault O/C Disabled Disabled Earth fault overcurrent
Time Overcurrent Curve IEC
Time Overcurrent Curve ANSI
Time Overcurrent Curve Logarithmic
Definite Time
132 Teleprot. E/F Directional Comparison Pikkup Disabled Teleprotection for Earth fault overcurr.
PUTT over Protection Interface
Unblocking
Blocking
Disabled
133 Auto Reclose 1 AR-cycle Disabled Auto-Reclose Function
2 AR-cycles
3 AR-cycles
4 AR-cycles
5 AR-cycles
6 AR-cycles
7 AR-cycles
8 AR-cycles
Adaptive Dead Time (ADT)
Disabled
134 AR control mode with Pickup and Action time with Trip and Action time Auto-Reclose control mode
with Pickup but without Action time
with Trip and Action time
with Trip but without Action time
135 Synchro-Check Disabled Disabled Synchronism and Voltage Check
Enabled
B-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Setting Options Default Setting Comments
135 Synchro-Check Disabled Disabled Synchronism and Voltage Check
Enabled
137 U/O VOLTAGE Disabled Disabled Under / Overvoltage Protection
Enabled
138 Fault Locator Enabled Enabled Fault Locator
Disabled
139 BREAKER FAILURE Disabled Disabled Breaker Failure Protection
Enabled
140 Trip Cir. Sup. Disabled Disabled Trip Circuit Supervision
1 trip circuit
2 trip circuits
3 trip circuits
145 P. INTERFACE 1 Enabled Enabled Protection Interface 1 (Port D)
Disabled
146 P. INTERFACE 2 Disabled Disabled Protection Interface 2 (Port E)
Enabled
147 NUMBER OF RELAY 2 relays 2 relays Number of relays
3 relays
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
201 CT Starpoint Power System Data towards Line towards Line CT Starpoint
1 towards Busbar
203 Unom PRIMARY Power System Data 1.0..1200.0 kV 400.0 kV Rated Primary Voltage
1
204 Unom SECONDARY Power System Data 80..125 V 100 V Rated Secondary Voltage (L-L)
1
205 CT PRIMARY Power System Data 10..5000 A 1000 A CT Rated Primary Current
1
206 CT SECONDARY Power System Data 1A 1A CT Rated Secondary Current
1 5A
210 U4 transformer Power System Data not connected not connected U4 voltage transformer is
1 Udelta transformer
Usync transformer
Ux reference transformer
211 Uph / Udelta Power System Data 0.10..9.99 1.73 Matching ratio Phase-VT To Open-
1 Delta-VT
212 Usync connect. Power System Data L1-E L1-L2 VT connection for sync. voltage
1 L2-E
L3-E
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L1
214A ϕ Usync-Uline Power System Data 0..360 ° 0° Angle adjustment Usync-Uline
1
215 U-line / Usync Power System Data 0.80..1.20 1.00 Matching ratio U-line / Usync
1
220 I4 transformer Power System Data not connected Neutral Current (of the I4 current transformer is
1 Neutral Current (of the protected line)
protected line)
Neutral Current of the par-
allel line
Starpoint Curr. of earthed
power transf.
7SA522 Manual B-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
221 I4/Iph CT Power System Data 0.010..5.000 1.000 Matching ratio I4/Iph for CT’s
1
230 Rated Frequency Power System Data 50 Hz 50 Hz Rated Frequency
1 60 Hz
235 PHASE SEQ. Power System Data L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 Phase Sequence
1 L1 L3 L2
236 Distance Unit Power System Data km km Distance measurement unit
1 Miles
237 Format Z0/Z1 Power System Data Zero seq. comp. factors Zero seq. comp. factors Setting format for zero seq.comp.
1 RE/RL and XE/XL RE/RL and XE/XL format
Zero seq. comp. factor K0
and angle(K0)
239 T-CB close Power System Data 0.01..0.60 sec 0.06 sec Closing (operating) time of CB
1
240A TMin TRIP CMD Power System Data 0.02..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Minimum TRIP Command Duration
1
241A TMax CLOSE CMD Power System Data 0.01..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Maximum Close Command Dura-
1 tion
242 T-CBtest-dead Power System Data 0.00..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Dead Time for CB test-autoreclo-
1 sure
302 CHANGE Change Group Group A Group A Change to Another Setting Group
Group B
Group C
Group D
Binary Input
Protocol
402A WAVEFORMTRIGGER Oscillographic Fault Save with Pickup Save with Pickup Waveform Capture
Records Save with TRIP
Start with TRIP
403A WAVEFORM DATA Oscillographic Fault Fault event Fault event Scope of Waveform Data
Records Power System fault
410 MAX. LENGTH Oscillographic Fault 0.30..5.00 sec 2.00 sec Max. length of a Waveform Capture
Records Record
411 PRE. TRIG. TIME Oscillographic Fault 0.05..0.50 sec 0.25 sec Captured Waveform Prior to Trig-
Records ger
412 POST REC. TIME Oscillographic Fault 0.05..0.50 sec 0.10 sec Captured Waveform after Event
Records
415 BinIn CAPT.TIME Oscillographic Fault 0.10..5.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Capture Time via Binary Input
Records
610 FltDisp.LED/LCD Device Display Targets on every Display Targets on Fault Display on LED / LCD
Pickup every Pickup
Display Targets on TRIP
only
615 Spont. FltDisp. Device NO NO Spontaneous display of flt.annunci-
YES ations
1103 FullScaleVolt. Power System Data 1.0..1200.0 kV; 0 400.0 kV Measurement: Full Scale Voltage
2 (100%)
1104 FullScaleCurr. Power System Data 10..5000 A 1000 A Measurement: Full Scale Current
2 (100%)
1105 Line Angle Power System Data 30..89 ° 85 ° Line Angle
2
1110 x’ Power System Data 0.0050..6.5000 Ohm / km 0.1500 Ohm / km x’ - Line Reactance per length unit
2
1111 Line Length Power System Data 1.0..1000.0 km 100.0 km Line Length
2
B-4 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1112 x’ Power System Data 0.0050..10.0000 Ohm / 0.2420 Ohm / mile x’ - Line Reactance per length unit
2 mile
1113 Line Length Power System Data 0.6..650.0 Miles 62.1 Miles Line Length
2
1116 RE/RL(Z1) Power System Data -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp. factor RE/RL for
2 Z1
1117 XE/XL(Z1) Power System Data -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp. factor XE/XL for
2 Z1
1118 RE/RL(Z1B...Z5) Power System Data -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp.factor RE/RL for
2 Z1B...Z5
1119 XE/XL(Z1B...Z5) Power System Data -0.33..7.00 1.00 Zero seq. comp.factor XE/XL for
2 Z1B...Z5
1120 K0 (Z1) Power System Data 0.000..4.000 1.000 Zero seq. comp. factor K0 for zone
2 Z1
1121 Angle K0(Z1) Power System Data -135.00..135.00 ° 0.00 ° Zero seq. comp. angle for zone Z1
2
1122 K0 (> Z1) Power System Data 0.000..4.000 1.000 Zero seq.comp.factor K0,higher
2 zones >Z1
1123 AngleI K0(> Z1) Power System Data -135.00..135.00 ° 0.00 ° Zero seq. comp. angle, higher
2 zones >Z1
1126 RM/RL ParalLine Power System Data 0.00..8.00 0.00 Mutual Parallel Line comp. ratio
2 RM/RL
1127 XM/XL ParalLine Power System Data 0.00..8.00 0.00 Mutual Parallel Line comp. ratio
2 XM/XL
1128 RATIO Par. Comp Power System Data 50..95 % 85 % Neutral current RATIO Parallel Line
2 Comp
1130A PoleOpenCurrent Power System Data 0.05..1.00 A 0.10 A Pole Open Current Threshold
2
1131A PoleOpenVoltage Power System Data 2..70 V 30 V Pole Open Voltage Threshold
2
1132A SI Time all Cl. Power System Data 0.01..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Seal-in Time after ALL closures
2
1134 Line Closure Power System Data Manual Close BI only Manual Close BI only Recognition of Line Closures with
2 Current OR Voltage or
Manual close BI
CBaux OR Current or
Manual close BI
Current flow or Manual
close BI
1135 Reset Trip CMD Power System Data with Pole Open Current with Pole Open Cur- RESET of Trip Command
2 Threshold only rent Threshold only
with CBaux AND Pole
Open Current
1140A I-CTsat. Thres. Power System Data 0.2..50.0 A; ∞ 20.0 A CT Saturation Threshold
2
1150A SI Time Man.Cl Power System Data 0.01..30.00 sec 0.30 sec Seal-in Time after MANUAL clo-
2 sures
1151 MAN. CLOSE Power System Data with Synchronism-check without Synchronism- Manual CLOSE COMMAND gener-
2 without Synchronism- check ation
check
NO
1155 3pole coupling Power System Data with Pickup with Trip 3 pole coupling
2 with Trip
7SA522 Manual B-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1156A Trip2phFlt Power System Data 3pole 3pole Trip type with 2phase faults
2 1pole, leading phase
1pole, lagging phase
1201 FCT Distance Distance protection, ON ON Distance protection is
general settings OFF
1202 Minimum Iph> Distance protection, 0.10..4.00 A 0.10 A Phase Current threshold for dist.
general settings meas.
1203 3I0> Threshold Distance protection, 0.05..4.00 A 0.10 A 3I0 threshold for neutral current
general settings pickup
1204 3U0> Threshold Distance protection, 1..100 V; ∞ 5V 3U0 threshold zero seq. voltage
general settings pickup
1205 3U0> COMP/ISOL. Distance protection, 10..200 V 40 V 3U0> pickup (comp/ isol. star-point)
general settings
1207A 3I0>/ Iphmax Distance protection, 0.05..0.30 0.10 3I0>-pickup-stabilisation (3I0> /Iph-
general settings max)
1215 Paral.Line Comp Distance protection, NO YES Mutual coupling parall.line compen-
general settings YES sation
1221A 2Ph-E faults Distance protection, block leading ph-e loop block leading ph-e loop Loop selection with 2Ph-E faults
general settings block lagging ph-e loop
all loops
only phase-phase loops
only phase-earth loops
1232 SOTF zone Distance protection, with Pickup (non-direc- Inactive Instantaneous trip after Switch-
general settings tional) OnToFault
with Zone Z1B
Inactive
1241 R load (Ø-E) Distance protection, 0.100..250.000 Ohm; ∞ ∞ Ohm R load, minimum Load Impedance
general settings (ph-e)
1242 ϕ load (Ø-E) Distance protection, 20..60 ° 45 ° PHI load, maximum Load Angle
general settings (ph-e)
1243 R load (Ø-Ø) Distance protection, 0.100..250.000 Ohm; ∞ ∞ Ohm R load, minimum Load Impedance
general settings (ph-ph)
1244 ϕ load (Ø-Ø) Distance protection, 20..60 ° 45 ° PHI load, maximum Load Angle
general settings (ph-ph)
1301 Op. mode Z1 Distance zones Forward Forward Operating mode Z1
(quadrilateral) Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1302 R(Z1) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 1.250 Ohm R(Z1), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1303 X(Z1) Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm X(Z1), Reactance
(quadrilateral)
1304 RE(Z1) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm RE(Z1), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
1305 T1-1phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1-1phase, delay for single phase
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1306 T1-multi-phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1multi-ph, delay for multi phase
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
B-6 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1307 Zone Reduction Distance zones 0..45 ° 0° Zone Reduction Angle (load com-
(quadrilateral) pensation)
1311 Op. mode Z2 Distance zones Forward Forward Operating mode Z2
(quadrilateral) Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1312 R(Z2) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm R(Z2), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1313 X(Z2) Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm X(Z2), Reactance
(quadrilateral)
1314 RE(Z2) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm RE(Z2), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
1315 T2-1phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2-1phase, delay for single phase
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1316 T2-multi-phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T2multi-ph, delay for multi phase
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1317A Trip 1pole Z2 Distance protection, NO NO Single pole trip for faults in Z2
general settings YES
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1321 Op. mode Z3 Distance zones Forward Reverse Operating mode Z3
(quadrilateral) Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1322 R(Z3) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm R(Z3), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1323 X(Z3) Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm X(Z3), Reactance
(quadrilateral)
1324 RE(Z3) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm RE(Z3), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
1325 T3 DELAY Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T3 delay
general settings
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1331 Op. mode Z4 Distance zones Forward Non-Directional Operating mode Z4
(quadrilateral) Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1332 R(Z4) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm R(Z4), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1333 X(Z4) Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm X(Z4), Reactance
(quadrilateral)
1334 RE(Z4) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm RE(Z4), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
7SA522 Manual B-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1335 T4 DELAY Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T4 delay
general settings
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1341 Op. mode Z5 Distance zones Forward Inactive Operating mode Z5
(quadrilateral) Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
1342 R(Z5) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm R(Z5), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1343 X(Z5)+ Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm X(Z5)+, Reactance for Forward
(quadrilateral) direction
1344 RE(Z5) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 12.000 Ohm RE(Z5), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
1345 T5 DELAY Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T5 delay
general settings
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1346 X(Z5)- Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 4.000 Ohm X(Z5)-, Reactance for Reverse
(quadrilateral) direction
1351 Op. mode Z1B Distance zones Forward Forward Operating mode Z1B (overrreach
(quadrilateral) Reverse zone)
Non-Directional
Inactive
1352 R(Z1B) Ø-Ø Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 1.500 Ohm R(Z1B), Resistance for ph-ph-faults
(quadrilateral)
1353 X(Z1B) Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm X(Z1B), Reactance
(quadrilateral)
1354 RE(Z1B) Ø-E Distance zones 0.050..250.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm RE(Z1B), Resistance for ph-e faults
(quadrilateral)
1355 T1B-1phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-1phase, delay for single ph.
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1356 T1B-multi-phase Distance protection, 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1B-multi-ph, delay for multi ph.
general settings faults
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1357 1st AR -> Z1B Distance protection, NO YES Z1B enabled before 1st AR (int. or
general settings YES ext.)
Distance zones
(quadrilateral)
Distance zones (
MHO)
1401 Op. mode Z1 Distance zones ( Forward Forward Operating mode Z1
MHO) Reverse
Inactive
1402 ZR(Z1) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 2.500 Ohm ZR(Z1), Impedance Reach
MHO)
1411 Op. mode Z2 Distance zones ( Forward Forward Operating mode Z2
MHO) Reverse
Inactive
B-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
1412 ZR(Z2) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm ZR(Z2), Impedance Reach
MHO)
1421 Op. mode Z3 Distance zones ( Forward Reverse Operating mode Z3
MHO) Reverse
Inactive
1422 ZR(Z3) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 5.000 Ohm ZR(Z3), Impedance Reach
MHO)
1431 Op. mode Z4 Distance zones ( Forward Forward Operating mode Z4
MHO) Reverse
Inactive
1432 ZR(Z4) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm ZR(Z4), Impedance Reach
MHO)
1441 Op. mode Z5 Distance zones ( Forward Inactive Operating mode Z5
MHO) Reverse
Inactive
1442 ZR(Z5) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 10.000 Ohm ZR(Z5), Impedance Reach
MHO)
1451 Op. mode Z1B Distance zones ( Forward Forward Operating mode Z1B (extended
MHO) Reverse zone)
Inactive
1452 ZR(Z1B) Distance zones ( 0.050..200.000 Ohm 3.000 Ohm ZR(Z1B), Impedance Reach
MHO)
2002 P/S Op. mode Power Swing all zones blocked all zones blocked Power Swing Operating mode
Z1/Z1B blocked
Z2 to Z5 blocked
Z1,Z1B,Z2 blocked
2006 PowerSwing trip Power Swing NO NO Power swing trip
YES
2101 FCT Telep. Dis. Teleprotection for ON ON Teleprotection for Distance prot. is
Distance prot. PUTT (Z1B acceleration)
POTT
OFF
2102 Type of Line Teleprotection for Two Terminals Two Terminals Type of Line
Distance prot. Three Terminals
2103A Send Prolong. Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Time for send signal prolongation
Distance prot.
2107A Delay for alarm Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 10.00 sec Time Delay for Alarm
Distance prot.
2108 Release Delay Teleprotection for 0.000..30.000 sec 0.000 sec Time Delay for release after pickup
Distance prot.
2109A TrBlk Wait Time Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.04 sec Transient Block.: Duration external
Distance prot. flt.
2110A TrBlk BlockTime Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Transient Block.: Blk.T. after ext. flt.
Distance prot.
2201 FCT Direct Trip DTT Direct Transfer ON OFF Direct Transfer Trip (DTT)
Trip OFF
2202 Trip Time DELAY DTT Direct Transfer 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.01 sec Trip Time Delay
Trip
2401 FCT SOTF-O/C Instantaneous High- ON ON Inst. High Speed SOTF-O/C is
Speed SOTF Over- OFF
current
2404 I>>> Instantaneous High- 1.00..25.00 A 2.50 A I>>> Pickup
Speed SOTF Over-
current
7SA522 Manual B-9
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2501 FCT Weak Infeed Weak Infeed (Trip OFF Echo only Weak Infeed function is
and/or Echo) Echo only
Echo and Trip
2502A Trip/Echo DELAY Weak Infeed (Trip 0.00..30.00 sec 0.04 sec Trip / Echo Delay after carrier
and/or Echo) receipt
2503A Trip EXTENSION Weak Infeed (Trip 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Trip Extension / Echo Impulse time
and/or Echo)
2505 UNDERVOLTAGE Weak Infeed (Trip 2..70 V 25 V Undervoltage (ph-e)
and/or Echo)
2601 Operating Mode Backup overcurrent ON Only Active with Loss Operating mode
Only Active with Loss of of VT sec. circuit
VT sec. circuit
OFF
2610 Iph>> Backup overcurrent 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 2.00 A Iph>> Pickup
2611 T Iph>> Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T Iph>> Time delay
2612 3I0>> PICKUP Backup overcurrent 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.50 A 3I0>> Pickup
2613 T 3I0>> Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0>> Time delay
2614 I>> Telep/BI Backup overcurrent NO YES Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
YES
2615 I>> SOTF Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
YES OnToFault
2620 Iph> Backup overcurrent 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 1.50 A Iph> Pickup
2621 T Iph> Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T Iph> Time delay
2622 3I0> Backup overcurrent 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.20 A 3I0> Pickup
2623 T 3I0> Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0> Time delay
2624 I> Telep/BI Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
YES
2625 I> SOTF Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
YES OnToFault
2630 Iph> STUB Backup overcurrent 0.10..25.00 A; ∞ 1.50 A Iph> STUB Pickup
2631 T Iph STUB Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T Iph STUB Time delay
2632 3I0> STUB Backup overcurrent 0.05..25.00 A; ∞ 0.20 A 3I0> STUB Pickup
2633 T 3I0 STUB Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3I0 STUB Time delay
2634 I-STUB Telep/BI Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
YES
2635 I-STUB SOTF Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
YES OnToFault
2640 Ip> Backup overcurrent 0.10..4.00 A; ∞ ∞A Ip> Pickup
2642 T Ip Time Dial Backup overcurrent 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T Ip Time Dial
2643 Time Dial TD Ip Backup overcurrent 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 Time Dial TD Ip
2646 T Ip Add Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec T Ip Additional Time Delay
2650 3I0p PICKUP Backup overcurrent 0.05..4.00 A; ∞ ∞A 3I0p Pickup
2652 T 3I0p TimeDial Backup overcurrent 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec T 3I0p Time Dial
2653 TimeDial TD3I0p Backup overcurrent 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 Time Dial TD 3I0p
2656 T 3I0p Add Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec T 3I0p Additional Time Delay
B-10 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2660 IEC Curve Backup overcurrent Normal Inverse Normal Inverse IEC Curve
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Long time inverse
2661 ANSI Curve Backup overcurrent Inverse Inverse ANSI Curve
Short Inverse
Long Inverse
Moderately Inverse
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Definite Inverse
2670 I(3I0)p Tele/BI Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
YES
2671 I(3I0)p SOTF Backup overcurrent NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
YES OnToFault
2680 SOTF Time DELAY Backup overcurrent 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Trip time delay after SOTF
2801 DMD Interval Demand Measure- 15 Min per., 1 Sub 60 Min per., 1 Sub. Demand Calculation Intervals
ment Setup 15 Min per., 3 Subs
15 Min per., 15 Subs
30 Min per., 1 Sub.
60 Min per., 1 Sub.
2802 DMD Sync.Time Demand Measure- On the Hour On the Hour Demand Synchronization Time
ment Setup 15 Min. after Hour
30 Min. after Hour
45 Min. after Hour
2811 MinMax cycRESET Min/Max Measure- NO YES Automatic Cyclic Reset Function
ment Setup YES
2812 MiMa RESET TIME Min/Max Measure- 0..1439 min 0 min MinMax Reset Timer
ment Setup
2813 MiMa RESETCYCLE Min/Max Measure- 1..365 day(s) 7 day(s) MinMax Reset Cycle Period
ment Setup
2814 MinMaxRES.START Min/Max Measure- 1..365 Days 1 Days MinMax Start Reset Cycle in
ment Setup
2901 MEASURE. SUPERV Measurement ON ON Measurement Supervision
Supervision OFF
2902A BALANCE U-LIMIT Measurement 10..100 V 50 V Voltage Threshold for Balance
Supervision Monitoring
2903A BAL. FACTOR U Measurement 0.58..0.95 0.75 Balance Factor for Voltage Monitor
Supervision
2904A BALANCE I LIMIT Measurement 0.10..1.00 A 0.50 A Current Balance Monitor
Supervision
2905A BAL. FACTOR I Measurement 0.10..0.95 0.50 Balance Factor for Current Monitor
Supervision
2906A ΣI THRESHOLD Measurement 0.05..2.00 A 0.10 A Summated Current Monitoring
Supervision Threshold
2907A ΣI FACTOR Measurement 0.00..0.95 0.10 Summated Current Monitoring Fac-
Supervision tor
2910 FUSE FAIL MON. Measurement ON ON Fuse Failure Monitor
Supervision OFF
2911A FFM U>(min) Measurement 10..100 V 30 V Minimum Voltage Threshold U>
Supervision
2912A FFM I< (max) Measurement 0.10..1.00 A 0.10 A Maximum Current Threshold I<
Supervision
2913A FFM U<max (3ph) Measurement 2..100 V 5V Maximum Voltage Threshold U<
Supervision (3phase)
7SA522 Manual B-11
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
2914A FFM Idelta (3p) Measurement 0.05..1.00 A 0.10 A Delta Current Threshold (3phase)
Supervision
2915 V-Supervision Measurement with current supervision with current supervision Voltage Failure Supervision
Supervision with current superv. and
CBaux
OFF
2916A T V-Supervision Measurement 0.00..30.00 sec 3.00 sec Delay Voltage Failure Supervision
Supervision
2921 T mcb Measurement 0..30 ms 0 ms VT mcb operating time
Supervision
3101 FCT EarthFltO/C Earth fault overcur- ON ON Earth Fault overcurrent function is
rent OFF
3102 BLOCK for Dist. Earth fault overcur- with every Pickup with every Pickup Block E/F for Distance protection
rent with single-phase Pickup
with multi-phase Pickup
NO
3103 BLOCK 1pDeadTim Earth fault overcur- YES YES Block E/F for 1pole Dead time
rent NO
3104A Iph-STAB. Slope Earth fault overcur- 0..30 % 10 % Stabilisation Slope with Iphase
rent
3105 3IoMin Teleprot Earth fault overcur- 0.01..1.00 A 0.50 A 3Io-Min threshold for Teleprot.
rent schemes
3105 3IoMin Teleprot Earth fault overcur- 0.003..1.000 A 0.500 A 3Io-Min threshold for Teleprot.
rent schemes
3110 Op. mode 3I0>>> Earth fault overcur- Forward Inactive Operating mode
rent Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3111 3I0>>> Earth fault overcur- 0.50..25.00 A 4.00 A 3I0>>> Pickup
rent
3112 T 3I0>>> Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.30 sec T 3I0>>> Time delay
rent
3113 3I0>>> Telep/BI Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
rent YES
3114 3I0>>>SOTF-Trip Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
rent YES OnToFault
3115 3I0>>>InrushBlk Earth fault overcur- NO NO Inrush Blocking
rent YES
3120 Op. mode 3I0>> Earth fault overcur- Forward Inactive Operating mode
rent Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3121 3I0>> Earth fault overcur- 0.20..25.00 A 2.00 A 3I0>> Pickup
rent
3122 T 3I0>> Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.60 sec T 3I0>> Time Delay
rent
3123 3I0>> Telep/BI Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
rent YES
3124 3I0>> SOTF-Trip Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
rent YES OnToFault
3125 3I0>> InrushBlk Earth fault overcur- NO NO Inrush Blocking
rent YES
B-12 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3130 Op. mode 3I0> Earth fault overcur- Forward Inactive Operating mode
rent Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3131 3I0> Earth fault overcur- 0.05..25.00 A 1.00 A 3I0> Pickup
rent
3131 3I0> Earth fault overcur- 0.003..25.000 A 1.000 A 3I0> Pickup
rent
3132 T 3I0> Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.90 sec T 3I0> Time Delay
rent
3133 3I0> Telep/BI Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
rent YES
3134 3I0> SOTF-Trip Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
rent YES OnToFault
3135 3I0> InrushBlk Earth fault overcur- NO NO Inrush Blocking
rent YES
3140 Op. mode 3I0p Earth fault overcur- Forward Inactive Operating mode
rent Reverse
Non-Directional
Inactive
3141 3I0p PICKUP Earth fault overcur- 0.05..25.00 A 1.00 A 3I0p Pickup
rent
3141 3I0p PICKUP Earth fault overcur- 0.003..25.000 A 1.000 A 3I0p Pickup
rent
3142 3I0p MinT-DELAY Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec 1.20 sec 3I0p Minimum Time Delay
rent
3143 3I0p Time Dial Earth fault overcur- 0.05..3.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec 3I0p Time Dial
rent
3144 3I0p Time Dial Earth fault overcur- 0.50..15.00; ∞ 5.00 3I0p Time Dial
rent
3145 3I0p Time Dial Earth fault overcur- 0.05..15.00 sec; ∞ 1.35 sec 3I0p Time Dial
rent
3146 3I0p MaxT-DELAY Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec 5.80 sec 3I0p Maximum Time Delay
rent
3147 Add.T-DELAY Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Additional Time Delay
rent
3148 3I0p Telep/BI Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip via Teleprot./BI
rent YES
3149 3I0p SOTF-Trip Earth fault overcur- NO NO Instantaneous trip after Switch-
rent YES OnToFault
3150 3I0p InrushBlk Earth fault overcur- NO NO Inrush Blocking
rent YES
3151 IEC Curve Earth fault overcur- Normal Inverse Normal Inverse IEC Curve
rent Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Long time inverse
3152 ANSI Curve Earth fault overcur- Inverse Inverse ANSI Curve
rent Short Inverse
Long Inverse
Moderately Inverse
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse
Definite Inverse
3153 LOG Curve Earth fault overcur- Logarithmic inverse Logarithmic inverse LOGARITHMIC Curve
rent
7SA522 Manual B-13
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3154 3I0p Startpoint Earth fault overcur- 1.0..4.0 1.1 Start point of inverse characteristic
rent
3160 POLARIZATION Earth fault overcur- with U0 and IY (dual polar- with U0 and IY (dual Polarization
rent ized) polarized)
with IY (transformer star
point current)
with U2 and I2 (negative
sequence)
3162A Dir. ALPHA Earth fault overcur- 0..360 ° 338 ° ALPHA, lower angle for forward
rent direction
3163A Dir. BETA Earth fault overcur- 0..360 ° 122 ° BETA, upper angle for forward
rent direction
3164 3U0> Earth fault overcur- 0.5..10.0 V 0.5 V Min. zero seq.voltage 3U0 for polar-
rent izing
3165 IY> Earth fault overcur- 0.05..1.00 A 0.05 A Min. earth current IY for polarizing
rent
3166 3U2> Earth fault overcur- 0.5..10.0 V 0.5 V Min. neg. seq. polarizing voltage
rent 3U2
3167 3I2> Earth fault overcur- 0.05..1.00 A 0.05 A Min. neg. seq. polarizing current 3I2
rent
3170 2nd InrushRest Earth fault overcur- 10..45 % 15 % 2nd harmonic ratio for inrush
rent restraint
3171 Imax InrushRest Earth fault overcur- 0.50..25.00 A 7.50 A Max.Current, overriding inrush
rent restraint
3172 SOTF Op. Mode Earth fault overcur- with Pickup (non-direc- with Pickup and direc- Instantaneous mode after Switch-
rent tional) tion OnToFault
with Pickup and direction
3173 SOTF Time DELAY Earth fault overcur- 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Trip time delay after SOTF
rent
3201 FCT Telep. E/F Teleprotection for ON ON Teleprotection for Earth Fault O/C
Earth fault overcurr. OFF
3202 Line Config. Teleprotection for Two Terminals Two Terminals Line Configuration
Earth fault overcurr. Three Terminals
3203A Send Prolong. Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Time for send signal prolongation
Earth fault overcurr.
3207A Delay for alarm Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 10.00 sec Unblocking: Time Delay for Alarm
Earth fault overcurr.
3208 Release Delay Teleprotection for 0.000..30.000 sec 0.000 sec Time Delay for release after pickup
Earth fault overcurr.
3209A TrBlk Wait Time Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.04 sec Transient Block.: Duration external
Earth fault overcurr. flt.
3210A TrBlk BlockTime Teleprotection for 0.00..30.00 sec 0.05 sec Transient Block.: Blk.T. after ext. flt.
Earth fault overcurr.
3401 AUTO RECLOSE Automatic Reclosure OFF ON Auto-Reclose function
ON
3402 CB? 1.TRIP Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation at 1st trip
NO
3403 T-RECLAIM Automatic Reclosure 0.50..300.00 sec 3.00 sec Reclaim time after successful AR
cycle
3404 T-BLOCK MC Automatic Reclosure 0.50..300.00 sec; 0 1.00 sec AR blocking duration after manual
close
3406 EV. FLT. RECOG. Automatic Reclosure with Pickup with Trip Evolving fault recognition
with Trip
B-14 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3407 EV. FLT. MODE Automatic Reclosure blocks AR starts 3pole AR-cycle Evolving fault (during the dead
starts 3pole AR-cycle time)
3408 T-Start MONITOR Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec 0.20 sec AR start-signal monitoring time
3409 CB TIME OUT Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec 3.00 sec Circuit Breaker (CB) Supervision
Time
3410 T RemoteClose Automatic Reclosure 0.00..300.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Send delay for remote close com-
mand
3411A T-DEAD EXT. Automatic Reclosure 0.50..300.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Maximum dead time extension
3420 AR w/ DIST. Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with distance protection
NO
3421 AR w/ SOTF-O/C Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with switch-onto-fault overcur-
NO rent
3422 AR w/ W/I Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with weak infeed tripping
NO
3423 AR w/ EF-O/C Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with earth fault overcurrent prot.
NO
3424 AR w/ DTT Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with direct transfer trip
NO
3425 AR w/ BackUpO/C Automatic Reclosure YES YES AR with back-up overcurrent
NO
3430 AR TRIP 3pole Automatic Reclosure YES YES 3pole TRIP by AR
NO
3431 DLC or RDT Automatic Reclosure Without Without Dead Line Check or Reduced Dead
Reduced Dead Time Time
(RDT)
Dead Line Check (DLC)
3433 T-ACTION ADT Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3434 T-MAX ADT Automatic Reclosure 0.50..3000.00 sec 5.00 sec Maximum dead time
3435 ADT 1p allowed Automatic Reclosure YES NO 1pole TRIP allowed
NO
3436 ADT CB? CLOSE Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3437 ADT SynRequest Automatic Reclosure YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3438 T U-stable Automatic Reclosure 0.10..30.00 sec 0.10 sec Supervision time for dead/ live volt-
age
3440 U-live> Automatic Reclosure 30..90 V 48 V Voltage threshold for live line or bus
3441 U-dead< Automatic Reclosure 2..70 V 30 V Voltage threshold for dead line or
bus
3450 1.AR: START Automatic Reclosure YES YES Start of AR allowed in this cycle
NO
3451 1.AR: T-ACTION Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3453 1.AR Tdead 1Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3454 1.AR Tdead 2Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3455 1.AR Tdead 3Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3456 1.AR Tdead1Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3457 1.AR Tdead3Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3458 1.AR: Tdead EV. Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
7SA522 Manual B-15
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3459 1.AR: CB? CLOSE Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3460 1.AR SynRequest Automatic Reclosure YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3461 2.AR: START Automatic Reclosure YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3462 2.AR: T-ACTION Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3464 2.AR Tdead 1Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3465 2.AR Tdead 2Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3466 2.AR Tdead 3Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3467 2.AR Tdead1Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3468 2.AR Tdead3Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3469 2.AR: Tdead EV. Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3470 2.AR: CB? CLOSE Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3471 2.AR SynRequest Automatic Reclosure YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3472 3.AR: START Automatic Reclosure YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3473 3.AR: T-ACTION Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3475 3.AR Tdead 1Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3476 3.AR Tdead 2Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3477 3.AR Tdead 3Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3478 3.AR Tdead1Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3479 3.AR Tdead3Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3480 3.AR: Tdead EV. Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3481 3.AR: CB? CLOSE Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3482 3.AR SynRequest Automatic Reclosure YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3483 4.AR: START Automatic Reclosure YES NO AR start allowed in this cycle
NO
3484 4.AR: T-ACTION Automatic Reclosure 0.01..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.20 sec Action time
3486 4.AR Tdead 1Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 1phase faults
3487 4.AR Tdead 2Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 1.20 sec Dead time after 2phase faults
3488 4.AR Tdead 3Flt Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3phase faults
3489 4.AR Tdead1Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ ∞ sec Dead time after 1pole trip
3490 4.AR Tdead3Trip Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec; ∞ 0.50 sec Dead time after 3pole trip
3491 4.AR: Tdead EV. Automatic Reclosure 0.01..1800.00 sec 1.20 sec Dead time after evolving fault
3492 4.AR: CB? CLOSE Automatic Reclosure YES NO CB ready interrogation before
NO reclosing
3493 4.AR SynRequest Automatic Reclosure YES NO Request for synchro-check after
NO 3pole AR
3501 FCT Synchronism Synchronism and ON ON Synchronism and Voltage Check
Voltage Check OFF function
B-16 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3502 Dead Volt. Thr. Synchronism and 1..60 V 5V Voltage threshold dead line / bus
Voltage Check
3503 Live Volt. Thr. Synchronism and 20..125 V 90 V Voltage threshold live line / bus
Voltage Check
3504 Umax Synchronism and 20..140 V 110 V Maximum permissible voltage
Voltage Check
3507 T-SYN. DURATION Synchronism and 0.01..600.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec Maximum duration of synchronism-
Voltage Check check
3508 T SYNC-STAB Synchronism and 0.00..30.00 sec 0.00 sec Synchronous condition stability
Voltage Check timer
3510 Op.mode with AR Synchronism and with consideration of CB without consideration of Operating mode with AR
Voltage Check closing time CB closing time
without consideration of
CB closing time
3511 Max. Volt. Diff Synchronism and 1.0..40.0 V 2.0 V Maximum voltage difference
Voltage Check
3512 Max. Freq. Diff Synchronism and 0.03..2.00 Hz 0.10 Hz Maximum frequency difference
Voltage Check
3513 Max. Angle Diff Synchronism and 2..60 ° 10 ° Maximum angle difference
Voltage Check
3515A SYNC-CHECK Synchronism and YES YES Live bus / live line and Sync before
Voltage Check NO AR
3516 Usync> U-line< Synchronism and YES NO Live bus / dead line check before
Voltage Check NO AR
3517 Usync< U-line> Synchronism and YES NO Dead bus / live line check before
Voltage Check NO AR
3518 Usync< U-line< Synchronism and YES NO Dead bus / dead line check before
Voltage Check NO AR
3519 OVERRIDE Synchronism and YES NO Override of any check before AR
Voltage Check NO
3530 Op.mode with MC Synchronism and with consideration of CB without consideration of Operating mode with Man.Cl
Voltage Check closing time CB closing time
without consideration of
CB closing time
3531 MC maxVolt.Diff Synchronism and 1.0..40.0 V 2.0 V Maximum voltage difference
Voltage Check
3532 MC maxFreq.Diff Synchronism and 0.03..2.00 Hz 0.10 Hz Maximum frequency difference
Voltage Check
3533 MC maxAngleDiff Synchronism and 2..60 ° 10 ° Maximum angle difference
Voltage Check
3535A MC SYNCHR Synchronism and YES YES Live bus / live line and Sync before
Voltage Check NO MC
3536 MC Usyn> Uline< Synchronism and YES NO Live bus / dead line check before
Voltage Check NO Man.Cl
3537 MC Usyn< Uline> Synchronism and YES NO Dead bus / live line check before
Voltage Check NO Man.Cl
3538 MC Usyn< Uline< Synchronism and YES NO Dead bus / dead line check before
Voltage Check NO Man.Cl
3539 MC O/RIDE Synchronism and YES NO Override of any check before
Voltage Check NO Man.Cl
3701 Uph-e>(>) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-e overvolt-
Alarm Only age prot.
ON
7SA522 Manual B-17
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3702 Uph-e> Voltage Protection 1.0..170.0 V; ∞ 85.0 V Uph-e> Pickup
3703 T Uph-e> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-e> Time Delay
3704 Uph-e>> Voltage Protection 1.0..170.0 V; ∞ 100.0 V Uph-e>> Pickup
3705 T Uph-e>> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-e>> Time Delay
3709A Uph-e>(>) RESET Voltage Protection 0.50..0.98 0.98 Uph-e>(>) Reset ratio
3711 Uph-ph>(>) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-ph overvolt-
Alarm Only age prot.
ON
3712 Uph-ph> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 150.0 V Uph-ph> Pickup
3713 T Uph-ph> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-ph> Time Delay
3714 Uph-ph>> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 175.0 V Uph-ph>> Pickup
3715 T Uph-ph>> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-ph>> Time Delay
3719A Uphph>(>) RESET Voltage Protection 0.50..0.98 0.98 Uph-ph>(>) Reset ratio
3721 3U0>(>) (or Ux) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode 3U0 (or Ux) over-
Alarm Only voltage
ON
3722 3U0> Voltage Protection 1.0..220.0 V; ∞ 30.0 V 3U0> Pickup (or Ux>)
3723 T 3U0> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T 3U0> Time Delay (or T Ux>)
3724 3U0>> Voltage Protection 1.0..220.0 V; ∞ 50.0 V 3U0>> Pickup (or Ux>>)
3725 T 3U0>> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T 3U0>> Time Delay (or T Ux>>)
3729A 3U0>(>) RESET Voltage Protection 0.50..0.98 0.95 3U0>(>) Reset ratio (or Ux)
3731 U1>(>) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode U1 overvoltage
Alarm Only prot.
ON
3732 U1> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 150.0 V U1> Pickup
3733 T U1> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U1> Time Delay
3734 U1>> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 175.0 V U1>> Pickup
3735 T U1>> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U1>> Time Delay
3739A U1>(>) RESET Voltage Protection 0.50..0.98 0.98 U1>(>) Reset ratio
3741 U2>(>) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode U2 overvoltage
Alarm Only prot.
ON
3742 U2> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 30.0 V U2> Pickup
3743 T U2> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U2> Time Delay
3744 U2>> Voltage Protection 2.0..220.0 V; ∞ 50.0 V U2>> Pickup
3745 T U2>> Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U2>> Time Delay
3749A U2>(>) RESET Voltage Protection 0.50..0.98 0.98 U2>(>) Reset ratio
3751 Uph-e<(<) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-e undervolt-
Alarm Only age prot.
ON
3752 Uph-e< Voltage Protection 1.0..100.0 V; 0 30.0 V Uph-e< Pickup
3753 T Uph-e< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-e< Time Delay
3754 Uph-e<< Voltage Protection 1.0..100.0 V; 0 10.0 V Uph-e<< Pickup
3755 T Uph-e<< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-e<< Time Delay
B-18 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3758 CURR.SUP. Uphe< Voltage Protection ON ON Current supervision (Uph-e)
OFF
3761 Uph-ph<(<) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode Uph-ph undervolt-
Alarm Only age prot.
ON
3762 Uph-ph< Voltage Protection 1.0..175.0 V; 0 50.0 V Uph-ph< Pickup
3763 T Uph-ph< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T Uph-ph< Time Delay
3764 Uph-ph<< Voltage Protection 1.0..175.0 V; 0 17.0 V Uph-ph<< Pickup
3765 T Uphph<< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T Uph-ph<< Time Delay
3768 CURR.SUP.Uphph< Voltage Protection ON ON Current supervision (Uph-ph)
OFF
3771 U1<(<) Voltage Protection OFF OFF Operating mode U1 undervoltage
Alarm Only prot.
ON
3772 U1< Voltage Protection 1.0..100.0 V; 0 30.0 V U1< Pickup
3773 T U1< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec T U1< Time Delay
3774 U1<< Voltage Protection 1.0..100.0 V; 0 10.0 V U1<< Pickup
3775 T U1<< Voltage Protection 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 1.00 sec T U1<< Time Delay
3778 CURR.SUP.U1< Voltage Protection ON ON Current supervision (U1)
OFF
3802 START Fault Locator Pickup Pickup Start fault locator with
TRIP
3805 Paral.Line Comp Fault Locator NO YES Mutual coupling parall.line compen-
YES sation
3806 Load Compensat. Fault Locator NO NO Load Compensation
YES
3901 FCT BreakerFail Breaker Failure ON ON Breaker Failure Protection is
OFF
3902 I> BF Breaker Failure 0.05..20.00 A 0.10 A Pick-up threshold I>
3903 1p-RETRIP (T1) Breaker Failure NO YES 1pole retrip with stage T1 (local trip)
YES
3904 T1-1pole Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1, Delay after 1pole start (local
trip)
3905 T1-3pole Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T1, Delay after 3pole start (local
trip)
3906 T2 Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.15 sec T2, Delay of 2nd stage (busbar trip)
3907 T3-BkrDefective Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec T3, Delay for start with defective
bkr.
3908 Trip BkrDefect. Breaker Failure NO NO Trip output selection with defective
trips with T1-trip-signal bkr
trips with T2-trip-signal
trips with T1 and T2-trip-
signal
3909 Chk BRK CONTACT Breaker Failure NO YES Check Breaker contacts
YES
3921 End Flt. stage Breaker Failure ON OFF End fault stage is
OFF
3922 T-EndFault Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec Trip delay of end fault stage
3931 PoleDiscrepancy Breaker Failure ON OFF Pole Discrepancy supervision
OFF
7SA522 Manual B-19
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
Addr. Setting Title Function Setting Options Default Setting Comments
3932 T-PoleDiscrep. Breaker Failure 0.00..30.00 sec; ∞ 2.00 sec Trip delay with pole discrepancy
4001 FCT TripSuperv. Trip Circuit Supervi- ON OFF TRIP Circuit Supervision is
sion OFF
4002 No. of BI Trip Circuit Supervi- 1..2 2 Number of Binary Inputs per trip cir-
sion cuit
4003 Alarm Delay Trip Circuit Supervi- 1..30 sec 2 sec Delay Time for alarm
sion
4501 STATE PROT I 1 Protection Interface ON ON State of protection interface 1
(Port D+E) OFF
4502 CONNEC. 1 OVER Protection Interface Direct connection with Direct connection with Connection 1 over
(Port D+E) fibre optic cabel fibre optic cabel
Communication converter
with 64 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 128 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 512 kBit/s
4505A PROT 1 T-DELAY Protection Interface 0.1..30.0 ms 30.0 ms Prot 1: Maximal permissible delay
(Port D+E) time
4509 T-DATA DISTURB Protection Interface 0.05..2.00 sec 0.10 sec Time delay for data disturbance
(Port D+E) alarm
4510 T-DATAFAIL Protection Interface 0.0..60.0 sec 6.0 sec Time del for transmission failure
(Port D+E) alarm
4511 Td ResetRemote Protection Interface 0.00..300.00 sec; ∞ 0.00 sec Remote signal RESET DELAY for
(Port D+E) comm.fail
4601 STATE PROT I 2 Protection Interface ON ON State of protection interface 2
(Port D+E) OFF
4602 CONNEC. 2 OVER Protection Interface Direct connection with Direct connection with Connection 2 over
(Port D+E) fibre optic cabel fibre optic cabel
Communication converter
with 64 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 128 kBit/s
Communication converter
with 512 kBit/s
4605A PROT 2 T-DELAY Protection Interface 0.1..30.0 ms 30.0 ms Prot 2: Maximal permissible delay
(Port D+E) time
4701 ID OF RELAY 1 Protection Interface 1..65534 1 Identification number of relay 1
(Port D+E)
4702 ID OF RELAY 2 Protection Interface 1..65534 2 Identification number of relay 2
(Port D+E)
4703 ID OF RELAY 3 Protection Interface 1..65534 3 Identification number of relay 3
(Port D+E)
4710 LOCAL RELAY Protection Interface relay 1 relay 1 Local relay is
(Port D+E) relay 2
relay 3
B-20 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
B.2 List of Information
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3 >Synchronize Internal Real Time Clock Device SP * * LED BI BO
(>Time Synch)
4 >Trigger Waveform Capture Oscillographic SP ON * M LED BI BO
(>Trig.Wave.Cap.) Fault Records
5 >Reset LED (>Reset LED) Device SP * * LED BI BO
7 >Setting Group Select Bit 0 (>Set Group Change Group SP * * LED BI BO
Bit0)
8 >Setting Group Select Bit 1 (>Set Group Change Group SP * * LED BI BO
Bit1)
15 >Test mode (>Test mode) Device SP ON * LED BI BO 135 53 1 GI
OFF
16 >Stop data transmission (>DataStop) Device SP * * LED BI BO 135 54 1 GI
51 Device is Operational and Protecting Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 81 1 GI
(Device OK) OFF
52 At Least 1 Protection Funct. is Active Device IntSP ON * LED BO 128 18 1 GI
(ProtActive) OFF
55 Reset Device (Reset Device) Device OUT * * LED BO 128 4 1
56 Initial Start of Device (Initial Start) Device OUT ON * LED BO 128 5 1
60 Reset LED (Reset LED) Device OUT_Ev ON * LED BO 128 19 1
67 Resume (Resume) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 97 1
68 Clock Synchronization Error (Clock Syn- Device OUT ON * LED BO
cError) OFF
69 Daylight Saving Time (DayLightSavTime) Device OUT ON * LED BO
OFF
70 Setting calculation is running (Settings Device OUT ON * LED BO 128 22 1 GI
Calc.) OFF
71 Settings Check (Settings Check) Device OUT * * LED BO
72 Level-2 change (Level-2 change) Device OUT ON * LED BO
OFF
73 Local setting change (Local change) Device OUT * *
110 Event lost (Event Lost) Device OUT_Ev ON * LED BO 135 130 1
113 Flag Lost (Flag Lost) Device OUT ON * M LED BO 135 136 1 GI
125 Chatter ON (Chatter ON) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 145 1 GI
OFF
7SA522 Manual B-21
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
126 Protection ON/OFF (via system port) Device IntSP ON * LED BO
(ProtON/OFF) OFF
127 Auto Reclose ON/OFF (via system port) Device IntSP ON * LED BO
(AR ON/OFF) OFF
128 Teleprot. ON/OFF (via system port) Device IntSP ON * LED BO
(TelepONoff) OFF
140 Error with a summary alarm (Error Sum Device OUT ON * LED BO 128 47 1 GI
Alarm) OFF
144 Error 5V (Error 5V) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 164 1 GI
OFF
160 Alarm Summary Event (Alarm Sum Device OUT * * LED BO 128 46 1 GI
Event)
161 Failure: General Current Supervision Measurement OUT * * LED BO 128 32 1 GI
(Fail I Superv.) Supervision
162 Failure: Current Summation (Failure Σ I) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 182 1 GI
Supervision OFF
163 Failure: Current Balance (Fail I balance) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 183 1 GI
Supervision OFF
164 Failure: general Voltage Supervision Measurement OUT * * LED BO 128 33 1 GI
(Fail U Superv.) Supervision
165 Failure: Voltage summation Phase-Earth Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 184 1 GI
(Fail Σ U Ph-E) Supervision OFF
167 Failure: Voltage Balance (Fail U balance) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 186 1 GI
Supervision OFF
168 Failure: Voltage absent (Fail U absent) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 187 1 GI
Supervision OFF
169 VT Fuse Failure (alarm >10s) (VT Fuse- Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 188 1 GI
Fail>10s) Supervision OFF
170 VT Fuse Failure (alarm instantaneous) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO
(VT FuseFail) Supervision OFF
171 Failure: Phase Sequence (Fail Ph. Seq.) Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 128 35 1 GI
Supervision OFF
177 Failure: Battery empty (Fail Battery) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 193 1 GI
OFF
181 Error: A/D converter (Error A/D-conv.) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 178 1 GI
OFF
182 Alarm: Real Time Clock (Alarm Clock) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 194 1 GI
OFF
183 Error Board 1 (Error Board 1) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 171 1 GI
OFF
184 Error Board 2 (Error Board 2) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 172 1 GI
OFF
B-22 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
185 Error Board 3 (Error Board 3) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 173 1 GI
OFF
186 Error Board 4 (Error Board 4) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 174 1 GI
OFF
187 Error Board 5 (Error Board 5) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 175 1 GI
OFF
188 Error Board 6 (Error Board 6) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 176 1 GI
OFF
189 Error Board 7 (Error Board 7) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 177 1 GI
OFF
190 Error Board 0 (Error Board 0) Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 210 1 GI
OFF
192 Error:1A/5Ajumper different from setting Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 169 1 GI
(Error1A/5Awrong) OFF
193 Alarm: NO calibration data available Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 181 1 GI
(Alarm NO calibr) OFF
194 Error: Neutral CT different from MLFB Device OUT ON * LED BO 135 180 1 GI
(Error neutralCT) OFF
195 Failure: Broken Conductor (Fail Conduc- Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 195 1 GI
tor) Supervision OFF
196 Fuse Fail Monitor is switched OFF (Fuse Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 196 1 GI
Fail M.OFF) Supervision OFF
197 Measurement Supervision is switched Measurement OUT ON * LED BO 135 197 1 GI
OFF (MeasSup OFF) Supervision OFF
203 Waveform data deleted (Wave. deleted) Oscillographic OUT_Ev ON * LED BO 135 203 1
Fault Records
273 Set Point Phase L1 dmd> (SP. IL1 dmd>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 230 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
274 Set Point Phase L2 dmd> (SP. IL2 dmd>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 234 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
275 Set Point Phase L3 dmd> (SP. IL3 dmd>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 235 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
276 Set Point positive sequence I1dmd> (SP. Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 236 1 GI
I1dmd>) (Measured Val- off
ues)
277 Set Point |Pdmd|> (SP. |Pdmd|>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 237 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
278 Set Point |Qdmd|> (SP. |Qdmd|>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 238 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
7SA522 Manual B-23
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
279 Set Point |Sdmd|> (SP. |Sdmd|>) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 239 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
285 Power factor alarm (cosϕ alarm) Set Points OUT on * LED BO 135 245 1 GI
(Measured Val- off
ues)
351 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L1 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 1 1 GI
(>CB Aux. L1) Data 2
352 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L2 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 2 1 GI
(>CB Aux. L2) Data 2
353 >Circuit breaker aux. contact: Pole L3 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 3 1 GI
(>CB Aux. L3) Data 2
356 >Manual close signal (>Manual Close) Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 6 1 GI
Data 2
357 >Block all Close commands from exter- Power System SP ON * LED BI BO 150 7 1 GI
nal (>Close Cmd. Blk) Data 2 OFF
361 >Failure: Feeder VT (MCB tripped) Power System SP ON * LED BI BO 128 38 1 GI
(>FAIL:Feeder VT) Data 2 OFF
362 >Failure: Busbar VT (MCB tripped) Power System SP ON * LED BI BO 150 12 1 GI
(>FAIL:Bus VT) Data 2 OFF
366 >CB1 Pole L1 (for AR,CB-Test) (>CB1 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 66 1 GI
Pole L1) Data 2
367 >CB1 Pole L2 (for AR,CB-Test) (>CB1 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 67 1 GI
Pole L2) Data 2
368 >CB1 Pole L3 (for AR,CB-Test) (>CB1 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 68 1 GI
Pole L3) Data 2
371 >CB1 READY (for AR,CB-Test) (>CB1 Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 71 1 GI
Ready) Data 2
378 >CB faulty (>CB faulty) Power System SP * * LED BI BO
Data 2
379 >CB aux. contact 3pole Closed (>CB 3p Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 78 1 GI
Closed) Data 2
380 >CB aux. contact 3pole Open (>CB 3p Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 79 1 GI
Open) Data 2
381 >Single-phase trip permitted from ext.AR Power System SP ON * LED BI BO
(>1p Trip Perm) Data 2 OFF
382 >External AR programmed for 1phase Power System SP ON * LED BI BO
only (>Only 1ph AR) Data 2 OFF
383 >Enable all AR Zones / Stages (>Enable Power System SP ON ON LED BI BO
ARzones) Data 2 OFF OFF
385 >Lockout SET (>Lockout SET) Power System SP ON * LED BI BO 150 35 1 GI
Data 2 OFF
386 >Lockout RESET (>Lockout RESET) Power System SP ON * LED BI BO 150 36 1 GI
Data 2 OFF
B-24 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
395 >I MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>I MinMax Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
396 >I1 MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>I1 MiMaRe- Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
set) surement Setup
397 >U MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>U MiMaRe- Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
set) surement Setup
398 >Uphph MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Uph- Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
phMiMaRes) surement Setup
399 >U1 MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>U1 MiMa Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
400 >P MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>P MiMa Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
401 >S MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>S MiMa Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
402 >Q MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Q MiMa Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
403 >Idmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Idmd Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
MiMaReset) surement Setup
404 >Pdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Pdmd Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
MiMaReset) surement Setup
405 >Qdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Qdmd Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
MiMaReset) surement Setup
406 >Sdmd MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Sdmd Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
MiMaReset) surement Setup
407 >Frq. MIN/MAX Buffer Reset (>Frq MiMa Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
Reset) surement Setup
408 >Power Factor MIN/MAX Buffer Reset Min/Max Mea- SP ON * LED BI BO
(>PF MiMaReset) surement Setup
410 >CB1 aux. 3p Closed (for AR, CB-Test) Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 80 1 GI
(>CB1 3p Closed) Data 2
411 >CB1 aux. 3p Open (for AR, CB-Test) Power System SP * * LED BI BO 150 81 1 GI
(>CB1 3p Open) Data 2
501 Relay PICKUP (Relay PICKUP) Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 84 2 GI
Data 2
503 Relay PICKUP Phase L1 (Relay PIKKUP Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 64 2 GI
L1) Data 2
504 Relay PICKUP Phase L2 (Relay PIKKUP Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 65 2 GI
L2) Data 2
505 Relay PICKUP Phase L3 (Relay PIKKUP Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 66 2 GI
L3) Data 2
506 Relay PICKUP Earth (Relay PICKUP E) Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 67 2 GI
Data 2
7SA522 Manual B-25
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
507 Relay TRIP command Phase L1 (Relay Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 69 2
TRIP L1) Data 2
508 Relay TRIP command Phase L2 (Relay Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 70 2
TRIP L2) Data 2
509 Relay TRIP command Phase L3 (Relay Power System OUT * * M LED BO 128 71 2
TRIP L3) Data 2
510 Relay GENERAL CLOSE command Power System OUT * * * LED BO
(Relay CLOSE) Data 2
511 Relay GENERAL TRIP command (Relay Power System OUT * M LED BO 128 68 2
TRIP) Data 2 OFF
512 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L1 Power System OUT * * LED BO
(Relay TRIP 1pL1) Data 2
513 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L2 Power System OUT * * LED BO
(Relay TRIP 1pL2) Data 2
514 Relay TRIP command - Only Phase L3 Power System OUT * * LED BO
(Relay TRIP 1pL3) Data 2
515 Relay TRIP command Phases L123 Power System OUT * * LED BO
(Relay TRIP 3ph.) Data 2
530 LOCKOUT is active (LOCKOUT) Power System IntSP ON ON LED BO 150 170 1 GI
Data 2 OFF OFF
533 Primary fault current IL1 (IL1 =) Power System OUT * ON 150 177 4
Data 2 OFF
534 Primary fault current IL2 (IL2 =) Power System OUT * ON 150 178 4
Data 2 OFF
535 Primary fault current IL3 (IL3 =) Power System OUT * ON 150 179 4
Data 2 OFF
536 Relay Definitive TRIP (Definitive TRIP) Power System OUT ON ON * LED BO 150 180 2
Data 2
545 Time from Pickup to drop out (PU Time) Power System OUT
Data 2
546 Time from Pickup to TRIP (TRIP Time) Power System OUT
Data 2
560 Single-phase trip was coupled 3phase Power System OUT * ON LED BO 150 210 2
(Trip Coupled 3p) Data 2
561 Manual close signal detected Power System OUT ON * LED BO 150 211 1
(Man.Clos.Detect) Data 2
562 CB CLOSE command for manual closing Power System OUT * * LED BO 150 212 1
(Man.Close Cmd) Data 2
563 CB alarm suppressed (CB Alarm Supp) Power System OUT * * * LED BO
Data 2
888 Pulsed Energy Wp (active) (Wp(puls)) Energy PMV BI 133 55 205
889 Pulsed Energy Wq (reactive) (Wq(puls)) Energy PMV BI 133 56 205
B-26 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
924 Wp Forward (Wp+=) Energy MVMV 133 51 205
925 Wq Forward (Wq+=) Energy MVMV 133 52 205
928 Wp Reverse (Wp-=) Energy MVMV 133 53 205
929 Wq Reverse (Wq-=) Energy MVMV 133 54 205
1000 Number of breaker TRIP commands (# Statistics OUT
TRIPs=)
1001 Number of breaker TRIP commands L1 Statistics OUT
(TripNo L1=)
1002 Number of breaker TRIP commands L2 Statistics OUT
(TripNo L2=)
1003 Number of breaker TRIP commands L3 Statistics OUT
(TripNo L3=)
1027 Accumulation of interrupted current L1 (Σ Statistics OUT
IL1 =)
1028 Accumulation of interrupted current L2 (Σ Statistics OUT
IL2 =)
1029 Accumulation of interrupted current L3 (Σ Statistics OUT
IL3 =)
1030 Last fault current Phase L1 (Last IL1 =) Statistics OUT
1031 Last fault current Phase L2 (Last IL2 =) Statistics OUT
1032 Last fault current Phase L3 (Last IL3 =) Statistics OUT
1114 Flt Locator: primary RESISTANCE (Rpri Fault Locator OUT ON 151 14 4
=) OFF
1115 Flt Locator: primary REACTANCE (Xpri Fault Locator OUT ON 128 73 4
=) OFF
1117 Flt Locator: secondary RESISTANCE Fault Locator OUT ON 151 17 4
(Rsec =) OFF
1118 Flt Locator: secondary REACTANCE Fault Locator OUT ON 151 18 4
(Xsec =) OFF
1119 Flt Locator: Distance to fault (dist =) Fault Locator OUT ON 151 19 4
OFF
1120 Flt Locator: Distance [%] to fault (d[%] =) Fault Locator OUT ON 151 20 4
OFF
1122 Flt Locator: Distance to fault (dist =) Fault Locator OUT ON 151 22 4
OFF
1123 Fault Locator Loop L1E (FL Loop L1E) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
1124 Fault Locator Loop L2E (FL Loop L2E) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
1125 Fault Locator Loop L3E (FL Loop L3E) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
1126 Fault Locator Loop L1L2 (FL Loop L1L2) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
7SA522 Manual B-27
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
1127 Fault Locator Loop L2L3 (FL Loop L2L3) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
1128 Fault Locator Loop L3L1 (FL Loop L3L1) Fault Locator OUT_Ev ON
1132 Fault location invalid (Flt.Loc.invalid) Fault Locator OUT * ON LED BO
1133 Fault locator setting error K0,angle(K0) Fault Locator OUT * ON LED BO
(Flt.Loc.ErrorK0)
1305 >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0>>> (>EF BLK Earth fault over- SP ON * LED BI BO 166 5 1 GI
3I0>>>) current OFF
1307 >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0>> (>EF Earth fault over- SP ON * LED BI BO 166 7 1 GI
BLOCK 3I0>>) current OFF
1308 >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0> (>EF Earth fault over- SP ON * LED BI BO 166 8 1 GI
BLOCK 3I0>) current OFF
1309 >Earth Fault O/C Block 3I0p (>EF Earth fault over- SP ON * LED BI BO 166 9 1 GI
BLOCK 3I0p) current OFF
1310 >Earth Fault O/C Instantaneous trip (>EF Earth fault over- SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 10 1 GI
InstTRIP) current OFF OFF
1311 >E/F Teleprotection ON (>EF Tele- Teleprotection SP * * LED BI BO
prot.ON) for Earth fault
overcurr.
1312 >E/F Teleprotection OFF (>EF Teleprot- Teleprotection SP * * LED BI BO
OFF) for Earth fault
overcurr.
1313 >E/F Teleprotection BLOCK (>EF Tele- Teleprotection SP ON * LED BI BO 166 13 1 GI
protBLK) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1318 >E/F Carrier RECEPTION, Channel 1 Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 166 18 1 GI
(>EF Rec.Ch1) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1319 >E/F Carrier RECEPTION, Channel 2 Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 166 19 1 GI
(>EF Rec.Ch2) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1320 >E/F Unblocking: UNBLOCK, Channel 1 Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 20 1 GI
(>EF UB ub 1) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1321 >E/F Unblocking: BLOCK, Channel 1 Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 21 1 GI
(>EF UB bl 1) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1322 >E/F Unblocking: UNBLOCK, Channel 2 Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 22 1 GI
(>EF UB ub 2) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1323 >E/F Unblocking: BLOCK, Channel 2 Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 23 1 GI
(>EF UB bl 2) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1324 >E/F BLOCK Echo Signal (>EF BlkEcho) Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 166 24 1 GI
for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
B-28 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
1331 Earth fault protection is switched OFF (E/ Earth fault over- OUT ON * LED BO 166 31 1 GI
F Prot. OFF) current OFF
1332 Earth fault protection is BLOCKED (E/F Earth fault over- OUT ON ON LED BO 166 32 1 GI
BLOCK) current OFF OFF
1333 Earth fault protection is ACTIVE (E/F Earth fault over- OUT * * LED BO 166 33 1 GI
ACTIVE) current
1345 Earth fault protection PICKED UP (EF Earth fault over- OUT * M LED BO 166 45 2 GI
Pickup) current OFF
1354 E/F 3I0>>> PICKED UP (EF Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO
3I0>>>Pickup) current
1355 E/F 3I0>> PICKED UP (EF 3I0>> Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO
Pikkup) current
1356 E/F 3I0> PICKED UP (EF 3I0> Pikkup) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO
current
1357 E/F 3I0p PICKED UP (EF 3I0p Pikkup) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO
current
1358 E/F picked up FORWARD (EF forward) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 58 2
current
1359 E/F picked up REVERSE (EF reverse) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 59 2
current
1361 E/F General TRIP command (EF Trip) Earth fault over- OUT * * LED BO 166 61 2
current
1366 E/F 3I0>>> TRIP (EF 3I0>>> TRIP) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 66 2
current
1367 E/F 3I0>> TRIP (EF 3I0>> TRIP) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 67 2
current
1368 E/F 3I0> TRIP (EF 3I0> TRIP) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 68 2
current
1369 E/F 3I0p TRIP (EF 3I0p TRIP) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 69 2
current
1370 E/F Inrush picked up (EF InrushPU) Earth fault over- OUT * ON LED BO 166 70 2
current OFF
1380 E/F Teleprot. ON/OFF via BI (EF Teleprotection IntSP ON * LED BO
TeleON/offBI) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1381 E/F Teleprotection is switched OFF (EF Teleprotection OUT ON * LED BO 166 81 1 GI
Telep. OFF) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1384 E/F Telep. Carrier SEND signal (EF Tele Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO 166 84 2
SEND) for Earth fault
overcurr.
1386 E/F Telep. Transient Blocking (EF Tele- Teleprotection OUT * ON LED BO 166 86 2
TransBlk) for Earth fault
overcurr.
7SA522 Manual B-29
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
1387 E/F Telep. Unblocking: FAILURE Chan- Teleprotection OUT ON * LED BO 166 87 1 GI
nel 1 (EF TeleUB Fail1) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1388 E/F Telep. Unblocking: FAILURE Chan- Teleprotection OUT ON * LED BO 166 88 1 GI
nel 2 (EF TeleUB Fail2) for Earth fault OFF
overcurr.
1389 E/F Telep. Blocking: carrier STOP signal Teleprotection OUT * on LED BO 166 89 2
(EF Tele BL STOP) for Earth fault
overcurr.
1390 E/F Tele.Blocking: Send signal with jump Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO 166 90 2
(EF Tele BL Jump) for Earth fault
overcurr.
1391 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (EF Rec.L1 Dev1) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1392 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (EF Rec.L2 Dev1) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1393 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (EF Rec.L3 Dev1) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1394 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (EF Rec.L1 Dev2) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1395 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (EF Rec.L2 Dev2) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1396 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (EF Rec.L3 Dev2) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1397 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (EF Rec.L1 Dev3) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1398 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (EF Rec.L2 Dev3) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1399 EF Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (EF Rec.L3 Dev3) for Earth fault off
overcurr.
1401 >BF: Switch on breaker fail protection Breaker Failure SP * * LED BI BO
(>BF on)
1402 >BF: Switch off breaker fail protection Breaker Failure SP * * LED BI BO
(>BF off)
1403 >BLOCK Breaker failure (>BLOCK Bkr- Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO 166 103 1 GI
Fail) OFF
1415 >BF: External start 3pole (>BF Start Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
3pole) OFF
B-30 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
1432 >BF: External release (>BF release) Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
OFF
1435 >BF: External start L1 (>BF Start L1) Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
OFF
1436 >BF: External start L2 (>BF Start L2) Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
OFF
1437 >BF: External start L3 (>BF Start L3) Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
OFF
1439 >BF: External start 3pole (w/o current) Breaker Failure SP ON * LED BI BO
(>BF Start w/o I) OFF
1440 Breaker failure prot. ON/OFF via BI (Bkr- Breaker Failure IntSP ON * LED BO
FailON/offBI) OFF
1451 Breaker failure is switched OFF (BkrFail Breaker Failure OUT ON * LED BO 166 151 1 GI
OFF) OFF
1452 Breaker failure is BLOCKED (BkrFail Breaker Failure OUT ON ON LED BO 166 152 1 GI
BLOCK) OFF OFF
1453 Breaker failure is ACTIVE (BkrFail Breaker Failure OUT * * LED BO 166 153 1 GI
ACTIVE)
1461 Breaker failure protection started (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO 166 161 1 GI
Start) OFF
1472 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L1 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
T1-TRIP 1pL1)
1473 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L2 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
T1-TRIP 1pL2)
1474 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - only phase L3 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
T1-TRIP 1pL3)
1476 BF Trip T1 (local trip) - 3pole (BF T1- Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
TRIP L123)
1493 BF Trip in case of defective CB (BF TRIP Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
CBdefec)
1494 BF Trip T2 (busbar trip) (BF T2- Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO 128 85 2
TRIP(bus))
1495 BF Trip End fault stage (BF EndFlt TRIP) Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
1496 BF Pole discrepancy pickup (BF CBdis- Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
crSTART) OFF
1497 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L1 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
CBdiscr L1) OFF
1498 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L2 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
CBdiscr L2) OFF
1499 BF Pole discrepancy pickup L3 (BF Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
CBdiscr L3) OFF
1500 BF Pole discrepancy Trip (BF CBdiscr Breaker Failure OUT * ON LED BO
TRIP)
7SA522 Manual B-31
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2054 Emergency mode (Emer. mode) Backup overcur- OUT ON ON LED BO 128 37 1 GI
rent OFF OFF
2701 >AR: Switch on auto-reclose function Automatic SP * * LED BI BO 40 1 1
(>AR on) Reclosure
2702 >AR: Switch off auto-reclose function Automatic SP * * LED BI BO 40 2 1
(>AR off) Reclosure
2703 >AR: Block auto-reclose function (>AR Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 3 1 GI
block) Reclosure OFF
2711 >External start of internal Auto reclose Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 11 2 GI
(>AR Start) Reclosure
2712 >AR: External trip L1 for AR start (>Trip Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 12 2 GI
L1 AR) Reclosure
2713 >AR: External trip L2 for AR start (>Trip Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 13 2 GI
L2 AR) Reclosure
2714 >AR: External trip L3 for AR start (>Trip Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 14 2 GI
L3 AR) Reclosure
2715 >AR: External 1pole trip for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 15 2 GI
(>Trip 1pole AR) Reclosure
2716 >AR: External 3pole trip for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 16 2 GI
(>Trip 3pole AR) Reclosure
2727 >AR: Remote Close signal (>AR Remo- Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 22 2 GI
teClose) Reclosure
2731 >AR: Sync. release from ext. sync.-check Automatic SP * * LED BI BO 40 31 2 GI
(>Sync.release) Reclosure
2737 >AR: Block 1pole AR-cycle (>BLOCK Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 32 1 GI
1pole AR) Reclosure OFF
2738 >AR: Block 3pole AR-cycle (>BLOCK Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 33 1 GI
3pole AR) Reclosure OFF
2739 >AR: Block 1phase-fault AR-cycle (>BLK Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 34 1 GI
1phase AR) Reclosure OFF
2740 >AR: Block 2phase-fault AR-cycle (>BLK Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 35 1 GI
2phase AR) Reclosure OFF
2741 >AR: Block 3phase-fault AR-cycle (>BLK Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 36 1 GI
3phase AR) Reclosure OFF
2742 >AR: Block 1st AR-cycle (>BLK 1.AR- Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 37 1 GI
cycle) Reclosure OFF
2743 >AR: Block 2nd AR-cycle (>BLK 2.AR- Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 38 1 GI
cycle) Reclosure OFF
2744 >AR: Block 3rd AR-cycle (>BLK 3.AR- Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 39 1 GI
cycle) Reclosure OFF
2745 >AR: Block 4th and higher AR-cycles Automatic SP ON * LED BI BO 40 40 1 GI
(>BLK 4.-n. AR) Reclosure OFF
B-32 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2746 >AR: External Trip for AR start (>Trip for Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 41 2 GI
AR) Reclosure
2747 >AR: External pickup L1 for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 42 2 GI
(>Pickup L1 AR) Reclosure
2748 >AR: External pickup L2 for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 43 2 GI
(>Pickup L2 AR) Reclosure
2749 >AR: External pickup L3 for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 44 2 GI
(>Pickup L3 AR) Reclosure
2750 >AR: External pickup 1phase for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 45 2 GI
(>Pickup 1ph AR) Reclosure
2751 >AR: External pickup 2phase for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 46 2 GI
(>Pickup 2ph AR) Reclosure
2752 >AR: External pickup 3phase for AR start Automatic SP * ON LED BI BO 40 47 2 GI
(>Pickup 3ph AR) Reclosure
2781 AR: Auto-reclose is switched off (AR off) Automatic OUT ON * LED BO 40 81 1 GI
Reclosure OFF
2782 AR: Auto-reclose is switched on (AR on) Automatic IntSP * * LED BO 128 16 1 GI
Reclosure
2783 AR: Auto-reclose is blocked (AR is Automatic OUT ON * LED BO 40 83 1 GI
blocked) Reclosure OFF
2784 AR: Auto-reclose is not ready (AR not Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 128 130 1 GI
ready) Reclosure
2787 AR: Circuit breaker not ready (CB not Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 87 1
ready) Reclosure
2788 AR: CB ready monitoring window expired Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 88 2
(AR T-CBreadyExp) Reclosure
2796 AR: Auto-reclose ON/OFF via BI (AR on/ Automatic IntSP * * LED BO
off BI) Reclosure
2801 AR in progress (AR in progress) Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 101 2 GI
Reclosure
2809 AR: Start-signal monitoring time expired Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 174 1
(AR T-Start Exp) Reclosure
2810 AR: Maximum dead time expired (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 175 1
TdeadMax Exp) Reclosure
2818 AR: Evolving fault recognition (AR evolv- Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 118 2 GI
ing Flt) Reclosure
2820 AR is set to operate after 1p trip only (AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 143 1
Program1pole) Reclosure
2821 AR dead time after evolving fault (AR Td. Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 197 2
evol.Flt) Reclosure
2839 AR dead time after 1pole trip running (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 148 2 GI
Tdead 1pTrip) Reclosure
7SA522 Manual B-33
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2840 AR dead time after 3pole trip running (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 149 2 GI
Tdead 3pTrip) Reclosure
2841 AR dead time after 1phase fault running Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 150 2 GI
(AR Tdead 1pFlt) Reclosure
2842 AR dead time after 2phase fault running Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 151 2 GI
(AR Tdead 2pFlt) Reclosure
2843 AR dead time after 3phase fault running Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 154 2 GI
(AR Tdead 3pFlt) Reclosure
2844 AR 1st cycle running (AR 1stCyc. run.) Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 155 2 GI
Reclosure
2845 AR 2nd cycle running (AR 2ndCyc. run.) Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 157 2 GI
Reclosure
2846 AR 3rd cycle running (AR 3rdCyc. run.) Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 158 2 GI
Reclosure
2847 AR 4th or higher cycle running (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 159 2 GI
4thCyc. run.) Reclosure
2848 AR cycle is running in ADT mode (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 130 2 GI
ADT run.) Reclosure
2851 AR: Close command (AR CLOSE Cmd.) Automatic OUT * ON M LED BO 128 128 1
Reclosure
2852 AR: Close command after 1pole, 1st Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 152 1
cycle (AR Close1.Cyc1p) Reclosure
2853 AR: Close command after 3pole, 1st Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 153 1
cycle (AR Close1.Cyc3p) Reclosure
2854 AR: Close command 2nd cycle (and Automatic OUT * * LED BO 128 129 1
higher) (AR Close 2.Cyc) Reclosure
2861 AR: Reclaim time is running (AR T-Recl. Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 161 1
run.) Reclosure
2862 AR successful (AR successful) Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 162 1
Reclosure
2864 AR: 1pole trip permitted by internal AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 164 1 GI
(AR 1p Trip Perm) Reclosure
2865 AR: Synchro-check request (AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 165 2 GI
Sync.Request) Reclosure
2871 AR: TRIP command 3pole (AR TRIP Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 171 2 GI
3pole) Reclosure
2889 AR 1st cycle zone extension release (AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 160 1
1.CycZoneRel) Reclosure
2890 AR 2nd cycle zone extension release Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 169 1
(AR 2.CycZoneRel) Reclosure
2891 AR 3rd cycle zone extension release (AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 170 1
3.CycZoneRel) Reclosure
B-34 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2892 AR 4th cycle zone extension release (AR Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 172 1
4.CycZoneRel) Reclosure
2893 AR zone extension (general) (AR Zone Automatic OUT * * LED BO 40 173 1 GI
Release) Reclosure
2894 AR Remote close signal send (AR Automatic OUT * ON LED BO 40 129 1
Remote Close) Reclosure
2895 No. of 1st AR-cycle CLOSE com- Statistics OUT
mands,1pole (AR #Close1./1p=)
2896 No. of 1st AR-cycle CLOSE com- Statistics OUT
mands,3pole (AR #Close1./3p=)
2897 No. of higher AR-cycle CLOSE com- Statistics OUT
mands,1p (AR #Close2./1p=)
2898 No. of higher AR-cycle CLOSE com- Statistics OUT
mands,3p (AR #Close2./3p=)
2901 >Switch on synchro-check function Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
(>Sync. on) and Voltage
Check
2902 >Switch off synchro-check function Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
(>Sync. off) and Voltage
Check
2903 >BLOCK synchro-check function Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
(>BLOCK Sync.) and Voltage
Check
2905 >Start synchro-check for Manual Close Synchronism SP on * LED BI BO
(>Sync. Start MC) and Voltage off
Check
2906 >Start synchro-check for AR (>Sync. Synchronism SP on * LED BI BO
Start AR) and Voltage off
Check
2907 >Sync-Prog. Live bus / live line / Sync Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
(>Sync. synch) and Voltage
Check
2908 >Sync-Prog. Dead bus / live line (> Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
Usyn< U-line>) and Voltage
Check
2909 >Sync-Prog. Live bus / dead line (> Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
Usyn> U-line<) and Voltage
Check
2910 >Sync-Prog. Dead bus / dead line (> Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
Usyn< U-line<) and Voltage
Check
2911 >Sync-Prog. Override ( bypass ) (>Sync. Synchronism SP * * LED BI BO
o/ride) and Voltage
Check
2930 Synchro-check ON/OFF via BI (Sync. on/ Synchronism IntSP ON * LED BO
off BI) and Voltage OFF
Check
7SA522 Manual B-35
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2931 Synchro-check is switched OFF (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 31 1 GI
OFF) and Voltage OFF
Check
2932 Synchro-check is BLOCKED (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 32 1 GI
BLOCK) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2934 Synchro-check function faulty (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 34 1 GI
faulty) and Voltage OFF
Check
2935 Synchro-check supervision time expired Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 35 1
(Sync.Tsup.Exp) and Voltage
Check
2941 Synchronization is running (Sync. run- Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 41 1 GI
ning) and Voltage OFF
Check
2942 Synchro-check override/bypass Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 42 1 GI
(Sync.Override) and Voltage OFF
Check
2943 Synchronism detected (Synchronism) Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 43 1 GI
and Voltage OFF
Check
2944 Sync. dead bus / live line detected Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 44 1 GI
(Usyn< U-line>) and Voltage OFF
Check
2945 Sync. live bus / dead line detected Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 45 1 GI
(Usyn> U-line<) and Voltage OFF
Check
2946 Sync. dead bus / dead line detected Synchronism OUT ON * LED BO 41 46 1 GI
(Usyn< U-line<) and Voltage OFF
Check
2947 Sync. Voltage diff. greater than limit Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 47 1 GI
(Sync. Udiff>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2948 Sync. Freq. diff. greater than limit (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 48 1 GI
fdiff>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2949 Sync. Angle diff. greater than limit (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO 41 49 1 GI
ϕ-diff>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2951 Synchronism release (to ext. AR) (Sync. Synchronism OUT * * LED BO 41 51 1 GI
release) and Voltage
Check
2961 Close command from synchro-check Synchronism OUT * * LED BO 41 61 1 GI
(Sync.CloseCmd) and Voltage
Check
2970 Sync. Bus frequency > (fn + 3Hz) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
f-bus>>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
B-36 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
2971 Sync. Bus frequency < (fn - 3Hz) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
f-bus<<) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2972 Sync. Line frequency > (fn + 3Hz) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
f-line>>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2973 Sync. Line frequency < (fn - 3Hz) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
f-line<<) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2974 Sync. Bus voltage > Umax (P.3504) Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
(Sync. U-syn>>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2975 Sync. Bus voltage < U> (P.3503) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
U-syn<<) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2976 Sync. Line voltage > Umax (P.3504) Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
(Sync. U-line>>) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
2977 Sync. Line voltage < U> (P.3503) (Sync. Synchronism OUT ON ON LED BO
U-line<<) and Voltage OFF OFF
Check
3196 Local relay in Teststate (local Teststate) Protection Inter- IntSP ON ON LED F BO
face (Port D+E) OFF K
3215 Incompatible Firmware Versions (Wrong Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
Firmware) face (Port D+E)
3217 Prot Int 1: Own Datas received (PI1 Data Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
reflec) face (Port D+E) OFF
3218 Prot Int 2: Own Datas received (PI2 Data Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
reflec) face (Port D+E) OFF
3227 >Prot Int 1: Transmitter is switched off Protection Inter- SP ON * LED BI BO
(>PI1 light off) face (Port D+E) OFF
3228 >Prot Int 2: Transmitter is switched off Protection Inter- SP ON * LED BI BO
(>PI2 light off) face (Port D+E) OFF
3229 Prot Int 1: Reception of faulty datas (PI1 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 135 1 GI
Data fault) face (Port D+E) OFF
3230 Prot Int 1: Total receiption failure (PI1 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 136 1 GI
Datafailure) face (Port D+E) OFF
3231 Prot Int 2: Reception of faulty datas (PI2 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 137 1 GI
Data fault) face (Port D+E) OFF
3232 Prot Int 2: Total receiption failure (PI2 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 138 1 GI
Datafailure) face (Port D+E) OFF
3233 Device table has inconsistent numbers Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
(DT inconsistent) face (Port D+E) OFF
3234 Device tables are unequal (DT unequal) Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
face (Port D+E) OFF
7SA522 Manual B-37
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3235 Differences between common parame- Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
ters (Par. different) face (Port D+E) OFF
3236 Different PI for transmit and reveive Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
(PI1<->PI2 error) face (Port D+E) OFF
3239 Prot Int 1: Transmission time to high (PI1 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 139 1 GI
TT alarm) face (Port D+E) OFF
3240 Prot Int 2: Transmission time to high (PI2 Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 140 1 GI
TT alarm) face (Port D+E) OFF
3243 Prot Int 1: Connected with relay ID (PI1 Protection Inter- OUT ON *
with) face (Port D+E) OFF
3244 Prot Int 2: Connected with relay ID (PI2 Protection Inter- OUT ON *
with) face (Port D+E) OFF
3457 System operates in a closed Ringtopol- Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 141 1 GI
ogy (Ringtopology) face (Port D+E) OFF
3458 System operates in a open Chaintopol- Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO 93 142 1 GI
ogy (Chaintopology) face (Port D+E) OFF
3464 Communication topology is complete Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
(Topol complete) face (Port D+E) OFF
3487 Equal IDs in constellation (Equal IDs) Protection Inter- OUT ON * LED BO
face (Port D+E) OFF
3541 >Remote Trip 1 signal input (>Remote Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
Trip1) off
3542 >Remote Trip 2 signal input (>Remote Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
Trip2) off
3543 >Remote Trip 3 signal input (>Remote Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
Trip3) off
3544 >Remote Trip 4 signal input (>Remote Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
Trip4) off
3545 Remote Trip 1 received (RemoteTrip1 Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 154 1 GI
rec) off
3546 Remote Trip 2 received (RemoteTrip2 Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 155 1 GI
rec) off
3547 Remote Trip 3 received (RemoteTrip3 Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 156 1 GI
rec) off
3548 Remote Trip 4 received (RemoteTrip4 Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 157 1 GI
rec) off
3549 >Remote Signal 1 input (>Rem. Signal 1) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3550 >Remote Signal 2 input (>Rem.Signal 2) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3551 >Remote Signal 3 input (>Rem.Signal 3) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
B-38 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3552 >Remote Signal 4 input (>Rem.Signal 4) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3553 >Remote Signal 5 input (>Rem.Signal 5) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3554 >Remote Signal 6 input (>Rem.Signal 6) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3555 >Remote Signal 7 input (>Rem.Signal 7) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3556 >Remote Signal 8 input (>Rem.Signal 8) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3557 >Remote Signal 9 input (>Rem.Signal 9) Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
off
3558 >Remote Signal 10 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal10) off
3559 >Remote Signal 11 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal11) off
3560 >Remote Signal 12 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal12) off
3561 >Remote Signal 13 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal13) off
3562 >Remote Signal 14 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal14) off
3563 >Remote Signal 15 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal15) off
3564 >Remote Signal 16 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal16) off
3565 >Remote Signal 17 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal17) off
3566 >Remote Signal 18 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal18) off
3567 >Remote Signal 19 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal19) off
3568 >Remote Signal 20 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal20) off
3569 >Remote Signal 21 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal21) off
3570 >Remote Signal 22 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal22) off
3571 >Remote Signal 23 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal23) off
3572 >Remote Signal 24 input Remote Signals SP on * LED BI BO
(>Rem.Signal24) off
7SA522 Manual B-39
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3573 Remote signal 1 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 158 1 GI
1recv) off
3574 Remote signal 2 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 159 1 GI
2recv) off
3575 Remote signal 3 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 160 1 GI
3recv) off
3576 Remote signal 4 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 161 1 GI
4recv) off
3577 Remote signal 5 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 162 1 GI
5recv) off
3578 Remote signal 6 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 163 1 GI
6recv) off
3579 Remote signal 7 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 164 1 GI
7recv) off
3580 Remote signal 8 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 165 1 GI
8recv) off
3581 Remote signal 9 received (Rem.Sig Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 166 1 GI
9recv) off
3582 Remote signal 10 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 167 1 GI
(Rem.Sig10recv) off
3583 Remote signal 11 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 168 1 GI
(Rem.Sig11recv) off
3584 Remote signal 12 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 169 1 GI
(Rem.Sig12recv) off
3585 Remote signal 13 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 170 1 GI
(Rem.Sig13recv) off
3586 Remote signal 14 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 171 1 GI
(Rem.Sig14recv) off
3587 Remote signal 15 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 172 1 GI
(Rem.Sig15recv) off
3588 Remote signal 16 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 173 1 GI
(Rem.Sig16recv) off
3589 Remote signal 17 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 174 1 GI
(Rem.Sig17recv) off
3590 Remote signal 18 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 175 1 GI
(Rem.Sig18recv) off
3591 Remote signal 19 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 176 1 GI
(Rem.Sig19recv) off
3592 Remote signal 20 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 177 1 GI
(Rem.Sig20recv) off
3593 Remote signal 21 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 178 1 GI
(Rem.Sig21recv) off
B-40 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3594 Remote signal 22 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 179 1 GI
(Rem.Sig22recv) off
3595 Remote signal 23 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 180 1 GI
(Rem.Sig23recv) off
3596 Remote signal 24 received Remote Signals OUT on * LED BO 93 181 1 GI
(Rem.Sig24recv) off
3603 >BLOCK 21 Distance (>BLOCK 21 Dist.) Distance protec- SP * * LED BI BO
tion, general
settings
3611 >ENABLE Z1B (with setted Time Delay) Distance protec- SP ON * LED BI BO 28 11 1 GI
(>ENABLE Z1B) tion, general OFF
settings
3613 >ENABLE Z1B instantanous (w/o T- Distance protec- SP ON * LED BI BO 28 13 1 GI
Delay) (>ENABLE Z1Binst) tion, general OFF
settings
3617 >BLOCK Z4-Trip (>BLOCK Z4-Trip) Distance protec- SP ON * LED BI BO 28 17 1 GI
tion, general OFF
settings
3618 >BLOCK Z5-Trip (>BLOCK Z5-Trip) Distance protec- SP ON * LED BI BO 28 18 1 GI
tion, general OFF
settings
3651 Distance is switched off (Dist. OFF) Distance protec- OUT ON * LED BO 28 51 1 GI
tion, general OFF
settings
3652 Distance is BLOCKED (Dist. BLOCK) Distance protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 28 52 1 GI
tion, general OFF OFF
settings
3653 Distance is ACTIVE (Dist. ACTIVE) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 53 1 GI
tion, general
settings
3654 Setting error K0(Z1) or Angle K0(Z1) Distance protec- OUT ON * LED BO
(Dis.ErrorK0(Z1)) tion, general OFF
settings
3655 Setting error K0(>Z1) or Angle K0(>Z1) Distance protec- OUT ON * LED BO
(DisErrorK0(>Z1)) tion, general OFF
settings
3671 Distance PICKED UP (Dis. PICKUP) Distance protec- OUT * LED BO 28 71 2 GI
tion, general OFF
settings
3672 Distance PICKUP L1 (Dis.Pickup L1) Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 28 72 2 GI
tion, general
settings
3673 Distance PICKUP L2 (Dis.Pickup L2) Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 28 73 2 GI
tion, general
settings
3674 Distance PICKUP L3 (Dis.Pickup L3) Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 28 74 2 GI
tion, general
settings
7SA522 Manual B-41
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3675 Distance PICKUP Earth (Dis.Pickup E) Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 28 75 2 GI
tion, general
settings
3681 Distance Pickup Phase L1 (only) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 81 2
(Dis.Pickup 1pL1) tion, general
settings
3682 Distance Pickup L1E (Dis.Pickup L1E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 82 2
tion, general
settings
3683 Distance Pickup Phase L2 (only) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 83 2
(Dis.Pickup 1pL2) tion, general
settings
3684 Distance Pickup L2E (Dis.Pickup L2E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 84 2
tion, general
settings
3685 Distance Pickup L12 (Dis.Pickup L12) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 85 2
tion, general
settings
3686 Distance Pickup L12E (Dis.Pickup L12E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 86 2
tion, general
settings
3687 Distance Pickup Phase L3 (only) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 87 2
(Dis.Pickup 1pL3) tion, general
settings
3688 Distance Pickup L3E (Dis.Pickup L3E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 88 2
tion, general
settings
3689 Distance Pickup L31 (Dis.Pickup L31) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 89 2
tion, general
settings
3690 Distance Pickup L31E (Dis.Pickup L31E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 90 2
tion, general
settings
3691 Distance Pickup L23 (Dis.Pickup L23) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 91 2
tion, general
settings
3692 Distance Pickup L23E (Dis.Pickup L23E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 92 2
tion, general
settings
3693 Distance Pickup L123 (Dis.Pickup L123) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 93 2
tion, general
settings
3694 Distance Pickup123E (Dis.Pickup123E) Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 94 2
tion, general
settings
3701 Distance Loop L1E selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L1-E f) tion, general OFF
settings
B-42 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3702 Distance Loop L2E selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L2-E f) tion, general OFF
settings
3703 Distance Loop L3E selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L3-E f) tion, general OFF
settings
3704 Distance Loop L12 selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L1-2 f) tion, general OFF
settings
3705 Distance Loop L23 selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L2-3 f) tion, general OFF
settings
3706 Distance Loop L31 selected forward Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L3-1 f) tion, general OFF
settings
3707 Distance Loop L1E selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L1-E r) tion, general OFF
settings
3708 Distance Loop L2E selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L2-E r) tion, general OFF
settings
3709 Distance Loop L3E selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L3-E r) tion, general OFF
settings
3710 Distance Loop L12 selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L1-2 r) tion, general OFF
settings
3711 Distance Loop L23 selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L2-3 r) tion, general OFF
settings
3712 Distance Loop L31 selected reverse Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L3-1 r) tion, general OFF
settings
3713 Distance Loop L1E selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L1E<->) tion, general OFF
settings
3714 Distance Loop L2E selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L2E<->) tion, general OFF
settings
3715 Distance Loop L3E selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L3E<->) tion, general OFF
settings
3716 Distance Loop L12 selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L12<->) tion, general OFF
settings
3717 Distance Loop L23 selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L23<->) tion, general OFF
settings
7SA522 Manual B-43
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3718 Distance Loop L31 selected non-direct. Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO
(Dis.Loop L31<->) tion, general OFF
settings
3719 Distance Pickup FORWARD (Dis. for- Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 128 74 2
ward) tion, general
settings
3720 Distance Pickup REVERSE (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * M LED BO 128 75 2
reverse) tion, general
settings
3741 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L1E (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L1E) tion, general
settings
3742 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L2E (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L2E) tion, general
settings
3743 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L3E (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L3E) tion, general
settings
3744 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L12 (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L12) tion, general
settings
3745 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L23 (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L23) tion, general
settings
3746 Distance Pickup Z1, Loop L31 (Dis. Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
L31) tion, general
settings
3747 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L1E (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L1E) tion, general
settings
3748 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L2E (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L2E) tion, general
settings
3749 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L3E (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L3E) tion, general
settings
3750 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L12 (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L12) tion, general
settings
3751 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L23 (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L23) tion, general
settings
3752 Distance Pickup Z1B, Loop L31 (Dis. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
Z1B L31) tion, general
settings
3755 Distance Pickup Z2 (Dis. Pickup Z2) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion, general
settings
B-44 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3758 Distance Pickup Z3 (Dis. Pickup Z3) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion, general
settings
3759 Distance Pickup Z4 (Dis. Pickup Z4) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion, general
settings
3760 Distance Pickup Z5 (Dis. Pickup Z5) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion, general
settings
3771 DistanceTime Out T1 (Dis.Time Out T1) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 128 78 2
tion, general
settings
3774 DistanceTime Out T2 (Dis.Time Out T2) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 128 79 2
tion, general
settings
3777 DistanceTime Out T3 (Dis.Time Out T3) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 128 80 2
tion, general
settings
3778 DistanceTime Out T4 (Dis.Time Out T4) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 128 81 2
tion, general
settings
3779 DistanceTime Out T5 (Dis.Time Out T5) Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 128 82 2
tion, general
settings
3780 DistanceTime Out T1B (Dis.TimeOut Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 180 2
T1B) tion, general
settings
3801 Distance protection: General trip Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 201 2
(Dis.Gen. Trip) tion, general
settings
3802 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 202 2
L1 (Dis.Trip 1pL1) tion, general
settings
3803 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 203 2
L2 (Dis.Trip 1pL2) tion, general
settings
3804 Distance TRIP command - Only Phase Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 204 2
L3 (Dis.Trip 1pL3) tion, general
settings
3805 Distance TRIP command Phases L123 Distance protec- OUT * ON LED BO 28 205 2
(Dis.Trip 3p) tion, general
settings
3811 Distance TRIP single-phase Z1 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 211 2
(Dis.TripZ1/1p) tion, general
settings
3813 Distance TRIP single-phase Z1B Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 213 2
(Dis.TripZ1B1p) tion, general
settings
7SA522 Manual B-45
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
3816 Distance TRIP single-phase Z2 Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 216 2
(Dis.TripZ2/1p) tion, general
settings
3817 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z2 (Dis.TripZ2/ Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 217 2
3p) tion, general
settings
3818 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z3 (Dis.TripZ3/ Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 218 2
T3) tion, general
settings
3819 Dist.: Trip by fault detection, forward Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 219 2
(Dis.Trip FD->) tion, general
settings
3820 Dist.: Trip by fault detec, rev/non-dir. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 220 2
(Dis.Trip <->) tion, general
settings
3821 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z4 (Dis.TRIP Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 209 2
3p. Z4) tion, general
settings
3822 Distance TRIP 3phase in Z5 (Dis.TRIP Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 210 2
3p. Z5) tion, general
settings
3823 DisTRIP 3phase in Z1 with single-ph Flt. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 224 2
(DisTRIP3p. Z1sf) tion, general
settings
3824 DisTRIP 3phase in Z1 with multi-ph Flt. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 225 2
(DisTRIP3p. Z1mf) tion, general
settings
3825 DisTRIP 3phase in Z1B with single-ph Flt Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 244 2
(DisTRIP3p.Z1Bsf) tion, general
settings
3826 DisTRIP 3phase in Z1B with multi-ph Flt. Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 245 2
(DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf) tion, general
settings
3850 DisTRIP Z1B with Teleprotection scheme Distance protec- OUT * * LED BO 28 251 2
(DisTRIP Z1B Tel) tion, general
settings
4001 >Distance Teleprotection ON Teleprotection SP * * LED BI BO
(>Dis.Telep. ON) for Distance
prot.
4002 >Distance Teleprotection OFF Teleprotection SP * * LED BI BO
(>Dis.Telep.OFF) for Distance
prot.
4003 >Distance Teleprotection BLOCK Teleprotection SP ON ON LED BI BO 29 3 1 GI
(>Dis.Telep. Blk) for Distance OFF OFF
prot.
4005 >Dist. teleprotection: Carrier faulty Teleprotection SP on * LED BI BO
(>Dis.RecFail) for Distance off
prot.
B-46 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
4006 >Dis.Tele. Carrier RECEPTION Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 6 1 GI
1 (>DisTel Rec.Ch1) for Distance off
prot.
4007 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 7 1 GI
1,L1 (>Dis.T.RecCh1L1) for Distance off
prot.
4008 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 8 1 GI
1,L2 (>Dis.T.RecCh1L2) for Distance off
prot.
4009 >Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 9 1 GI
1,L3 (>Dis.T.RecCh1L3) for Distance off
prot.
4010 >Dis.Tele. Carrier RECEPTION Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 10 1 GI
2 (>Dis.T.Rec.Ch2) for Distance off
prot.
4030 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Chan- Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 30 1 GI
nel 1 (>Dis.T.UB ub 1) for Distance off
prot.
4031 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: BLOCK Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 31 1 GI
1 (>Dis.T.UB bl 1) for Distance off
prot.
4032 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 32 1 GI
L1 (>Dis.T.UB ub1L1) for Distance off
prot.
4033 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 33 1 GI
L2 (>Dis.T.UB ub1L2) for Distance off
prot.
4034 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Ch. 1, Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 34 1 GI
L3 (>Dis.T.UB ub1L3) for Distance off
prot.
4035 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: UNBLOCK Chan- Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 35 1 GI
nel 2 (>Dis.T.UB ub 2) for Distance off
prot.
4036 >Dis.Tele. Unblocking: BLOCK Channel Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 36 1 GI
2 (>Dis.T.UB bl 2) for Distance off
prot.
4040 >Dis.Tele. BLOCK Echo Signal Teleprotection SP on on LED BI BO 29 40 1 GI
(>Dis.T.BlkEcho) for Distance off
prot.
4050 Dis. Teleprotection ON/OFF via BI Teleprotection IntSP ON * LED BO
(Dis.T.on/off BI) for Distance OFF
prot.
4051 Teleprotection is switched ON (Telep. Device IntSP * * LED BO 128 17 1 GI
ON)
4052 Dis. Teleprotection is switched OFF Teleprotection OUT ON * LED BO
(Dis.Telep. OFF) for Distance OFF
prot.
7SA522 Manual B-47
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
4054 Dis. Telep. Carrier signal received Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO 128 77 2
(Dis.T.Carr.rec.) for Distance
prot.
4055 Dis. Telep. Carrier CHANNEL FAILURE Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO 128 39 1 GI
(Dis.T.Carr.Fail) for Distance
prot.
4056 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO 128 76 2
(Dis.T.SEND) for Distance
prot.
4057 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L1 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.SEND L1) for Distance
prot.
4058 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L2 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.SEND L2) for Distance
prot.
4059 Dis. Telep. Carrier SEND signal, L3 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.SEND L3) for Distance
prot.
4060 Dis.Tele.Blocking: Send signal with jump Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO 29 60 2
(DisJumpBlocking) for Distance
prot.
4068 Dis. Telep. Transient Blocking Teleprotection OUT * ON LED BO 29 68 2
(Dis.T.Trans.Blk) for Distance
prot.
4070 Dis. Tele.Blocking: carrier STOP signal Teleprotection OUT * ON LED BO 29 70 2
(Dis.T.BL STOP) for Distance
prot.
4080 Dis. Tele.Unblocking: FAILURE Channel Teleprotection OUT on * LED BO 29 80 1 GI
1 (Dis.T.UB Fail1) for Distance off
prot.
4081 Dis. Tele.Unblocking: FAILURE Channel Teleprotection OUT on * LED BO 29 81 1 GI
2 (Dis.T.UB Fail2) for Distance off
prot.
4082 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L1 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.BL STOPL1) for Distance
prot.
4083 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L2 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.BL STOPL2) for Distance
prot.
4084 DisTel Blocking: carrier STOP signal, L3 Teleprotection OUT * * LED BO
(Dis.T.BL STOPL3) for Distance
prot.
4085 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (Dis.T.RecL1Dev1) for Distance off
prot.
4086 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (Dis.T.RecL2Dev1) for Distance off
prot.
B-48 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
4087 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device1 (Dis.T.RecL3Dev1) for Distance off
prot.
4088 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (Dis.T.RecL1Dev2) for Distance off
prot.
4089 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (Dis.T.RecL2Dev2) for Distance off
prot.
4090 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device2 (Dis.T.RecL3Dev2) for Distance off
prot.
4091 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L1, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (Dis.T.RecL1Dev3) for Distance off
prot.
4092 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L2, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (Dis.T.RecL2Dev3) for Distance off
prot.
4093 Dis.Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, L3, Teleprotection OUT on on LED BO
Device3 (Dis.T.RecL3Dev3) for Distance off
prot.
4164 Power Swing detected (Power Swing) Power Swing OUT ON ON LED BO 29 164 1 GI
OFF OFF
4166 Power Swing TRIP command (Pow. Power Swing OUT ON ON LED BO 29 166 1
Swing TRIP)
4167 Power Swing detected in L1 (Pow. Swing Power Swing OUT ON ON LED BO
L1) OFF OFF
4168 Power Swing detected in L2 (Pow. Swing Power Swing OUT ON ON LED BO
L2) OFF OFF
4169 Power Swing detected in L3 (Pow. Swing Power Swing OUT ON ON LED BO
L3) OFF OFF
4203 >BLOCK Weak Infeed Trip function Weak Infeed SP * * LED BI BO
(>BLOCK Weak Inf) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4221 Weak Infeed Trip fct. is switched OFF Weak Infeed OUT ON * LED BO 25 21 1 GI
(WeakInf. OFF) (Trip and/or OFF
Echo)
4222 Weak Infeed Trip function is BLOKKED Weak Infeed OUT ON ON LED BO 25 22 1 GI
(Weak Inf. BLOCK) (Trip and/or OFF OFF
Echo)
4223 Weak Infeed Trip function is ACTIVE Weak Infeed OUT * * LED BO 25 23 1 GI
(Weak Inf ACTIVE) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4231 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKED UP Weak Infeed OUT * LED BO 25 31 2 GI
(WeakInf. PICKUP) (Trip and/or OFF
Echo)
7SA522 Manual B-49
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
4232 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L1 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO
(W/I Pickup L1) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4233 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L2 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO
(W/I Pickup L2) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4234 Weak Infeed Trip function PICKUP L3 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO
(W/I Pickup L3) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4241 Weak Infeed General TRIP command Weak Infeed OUT * * LED BO 25 41 2
(WeakInfeed TRIP) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4242 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L1 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO 25 42 2
(Weak TRIP 1p.L1) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4243 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L2 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO 25 43 2
(Weak TRIP 1p.L2) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4244 Weak Infeed TRIP command - Only L3 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO 25 44 2
(Weak TRIP 1p.L3) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4245 Weak Infeed TRIP command L123 Weak Infeed OUT * ON LED BO 25 45 2
(Weak TRIP L123) (Trip and/or
Echo)
4246 ECHO Send SIGNAL (ECHO SIGNAL) Weak Infeed OUT ON ON LED BO 25 46 2 GI
(Trip and/or
Echo)
4247 ECHO Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, Echo Receive OUT ON ON LED BO
Device1 (ECHO Rec. Dev1) over Protection OFF
Interface
4248 ECHO Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, Echo Receive OUT ON ON LED BO
Device2 (ECHO Rec. Dev2) over Protection OFF
Interface
4249 ECHO Tele.Carrier RECEPTION, Echo Receive OUT ON ON LED BO
Device3 (ECHO Rec. Dev3) over Protection OFF
Interface
4253 >BLOCK Instantaneous SOTF Overcur- Instantaneous SP * * LED BI BO
rent (>BLOCK SOTF-O/C) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4271 SOTF-O/C is switched OFF (SOTF-O/C Instantaneous OUT ON * LED BO 25 71 1 GI
OFF) HighSpeed OFF
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4272 SOTF-O/C is BLOCKED (SOTF-O/C Instantaneous OUT ON ON LED BO 25 72 1 GI
BLOCK) HighSpeed OFF OFF
SOTF Overcur-
rent
B-50 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
4273 SOTF-O/C is ACTIVE (SOTF-O/C Instantaneous OUT * * LED BO 25 73 1 GI
ACTIVE) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4281 SOTF-O/C PICKED UP (SOTF-O/C Instantaneous OUT * LED BO 25 81 2 GI
PICKUP) HighSpeed OFF
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4282 SOTF-O/C Pickup L1 (SOF O/ Instantaneous OUT * ON LED BO 25 82 2 GI
CpickupL1) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4283 SOTF-O/C Pickup L2 (SOF O/ Instantaneous OUT * ON LED BO 25 83 2 GI
CpickupL2) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4284 SOTF-O/C Pickup L3 (SOF O/ Instantaneous OUT * ON LED BO 25 84 2 GI
CpickupL3) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4295 SOTF-O/C TRIP command L123 (SOF Instantaneous OUT * ON LED BO 25 95 2
O/CtripL123) HighSpeed
SOTF Overcur-
rent
4403 >BLOCK Direct Transfer Trip function DTT Direct SP * * LED BI BO
(>BLOCK DTT) Transfer Trip
4412 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L1 DTT Direct SP ON * LED BI BO
(>DTT Trip L1) Transfer Trip OFF
4413 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L2 DTT Direct SP ON * LED BI BO
(>DTT Trip L2) Transfer Trip OFF
4414 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT Phase L3 DTT Direct SP ON * LED BI BO
(>DTT Trip L3) Transfer Trip OFF
4417 >Direct Transfer Trip INPUT 3ph L123 DTT Direct SP ON * LED BI BO
(>DTT Trip L123) Transfer Trip OFF
4421 Direct Transfer Trip is switched OFF DTT Direct OUT ON * LED BO 51 21 1 GI
(DTT OFF) Transfer Trip OFF
4422 Direct Transfer Trip is BLOCKED (DTT DTT Direct OUT ON ON LED BO 51 22 1 GI
BLOCK) Transfer Trip OFF OFF
4432 DTT TRIP command - Only L1 (DTT DTT Direct OUT * ON LED BO 51 32 2
TRIP 1p. L1) Transfer Trip
4433 DTT TRIP command - Only L2 (DTT DTT Direct OUT * ON LED BO 51 33 2
TRIP 1p. L2) Transfer Trip
4434 DTT TRIP command - Only L3 (DTT DTT Direct OUT * ON LED BO 51 34 2
TRIP 1p. L3) Transfer Trip
4435 DTT TRIP command L123 (DTT TRIP DTT Direct OUT * ON LED BO 51 35 2
L123) Transfer Trip
7SA522 Manual B-51
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
6854 >Trip circuit superv. 1: Trip Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC1 TripRel) Supervision OFF
6855 >Trip circuit superv. 1: Breaker Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC1 Bkr.Rel) Supervision OFF
6856 >Trip circuit superv. 2: Trip Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC2 TripRel) Supervision OFF
6857 >Trip circuit superv. 2: Breaker Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC2 Bkr.Rel) Supervision OFF
6858 >Trip circuit superv. 3: Trip Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC3 TripRel) Supervision OFF
6859 >Trip circuit superv. 3: Breaker Relay Trip Circuit SP ON * LED BI BO
(>TripC3 Bkr.Rel) Supervision OFF
6861 Trip circuit supervision OFF (TripC OFF) Trip Circuit OUT ON * LED BO
Supervision OFF
6865 Failure Trip Circuit (FAIL: Trip cir.) Trip Circuit OUT ON * LED BO 128 36 1 GI
Supervision OFF
6866 TripC1 blocked: Binary input is not set Trip Circuit OUT ON * LED BO
(TripC1 ProgFAIL) Supervision OFF
6867 TripC2 blocked: Binary input is not set Trip Circuit OUT ON * LED BO
(TripC2 ProgFAIL) Supervision OFF
6868 TripC3 blocked: Binary input is not set Trip Circuit OUT ON * LED BO
(TripC3 ProgFAIL) Supervision OFF
7104 >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent I>> Backup overcur- SP ON * LED BI BO 64 4 1 GI
(>BLOCK O/C I>>) rent OFF
7105 >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent I> Backup overcur- SP ON * LED BI BO 64 5 1 GI
(>BLOCK O/C I>) rent OFF
7106 >BLOCK Backup OverCurrent Ip Backup overcur- SP ON * LED BI BO 64 6 1 GI
(>BLOCK O/C Ip) rent OFF
7110 >Backup OverCurrent InstantaneousTrip Backup overcur- SP ON ON LED BI BO 64 10 1 GI
(>O/C InstTRIP) rent OFF OFF
7130 >BLOCK I-STUB (>BLOCK I-STUB) Backup overcur- SP ON * LED BI BO 64 30 1 GI
rent OFF
7131 >Enable I-STUB-Bus function (>I-STUB Backup overcur- SP ON ON LED BI BO 64 31 1 GI
ENABLE) rent OFF OFF
7151 Backup O/C is switched OFF (O/C OFF) Backup overcur- OUT ON * LED BO 64 51 1 GI
rent OFF
7152 Backup O/C is BLOCKED (O/C BLOCK) Backup overcur- OUT ON ON LED BO 64 52 1 GI
rent OFF OFF
7153 Backup O/C is ACTIVE (O/C ACTIVE) Backup overcur- OUT * * LED BO 64 53 1 GI
rent
7161 Backup O/C PICKED UP (O/C PIKKUP) Backup overcur- OUT * M LED BO 64 61 2 GI
rent OFF
B-52 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
7162 Backup O/C PICKUP L1 (O/C Pickup L1) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 62 2 GI
rent
7163 Backup O/C PICKUP L2 (O/C Pickup L2) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 63 2 GI
rent
7164 Backup O/C PICKUP L3 (O/C Pickup L3) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 64 2 GI
rent
7165 Backup O/C PICKUP EARTH (O/C Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 65 2 GI
Pickup E) rent
7171 Backup O/C Pickup - Only EARTH (O/C Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 71 2
PU only E) rent
7172 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L1 (O/C PU Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 72 2
1p. L1) rent
7173 Backup O/C Pickup L1E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 73 2
L1E) rent
7174 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L2 (O/C PU Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 74 2
1p. L2) rent
7175 Backup O/C Pickup L2E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 75 2
L2E) rent
7176 Backup O/C Pickup L12 (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 76 2
L12) rent
7177 Backup O/C Pickup L12E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 77 2
L12E) rent
7178 Backup O/C Pickup - Only L3 (O/C PU Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 78 2
1p. L3) rent
7179 Backup O/C Pickup L3E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 79 2
L3E) rent
7180 Backup O/C Pickup L31 (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 80 2
L31) rent
7181 Backup O/C Pickup L31E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 81 2
L31E) rent
7182 Backup O/C Pickup L23 (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 82 2
L23) rent
7183 Backup O/C Pickup L23E (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 83 2
L23E) rent
7184 Backup O/C Pickup L123 (O/C Pickup Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 84 2
L123) rent
7185 Backup O/C Pickup L123E (O/C Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 85 2
PickupL123E) rent
7191 Backup O/C Pickup I>> (O/C PICKUP Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 91 2 GI
I>>) rent
7192 Backup O/C Pickup I> (O/C PICKUP I>) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 92 2 GI
rent
7SA522 Manual B-53
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
7193 Backup O/C Pickup Ip (O/C PICKUP Ip) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 93 2 GI
rent
7201 O/C I-STUB Pickup (I-STUB PICKUP) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 101 2 GI
rent OFF
7211 Backup O/C General TRIP command (O/ Backup overcur- OUT * * LED BO 128 72 2
C TRIP) rent
7212 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L1 (O/C TRIP Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 112 2
1p.L1) rent
7213 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L2 (O/C TRIP Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 113 2
1p.L2) rent
7214 Backup O/C TRIP - Only L3 (O/C TRIP Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 114 2
1p.L3) rent
7215 Backup O/C TRIP Phases L123 (O/C Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 115 2
TRIP L123) rent
7221 Backup O/C TRIP I>> (O/C TRIP I>>) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 121 2
rent
7222 Backup O/C TRIP I> (O/C TRIP I>) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 122 2
rent
7223 Backup O/C TRIP Ip (O/C TRIP Ip) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 123 2
rent
7235 O/C I-STUB TRIP (I-STUB TRIP) Backup overcur- OUT * ON LED BO 64 135 2
rent
7325 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L1 Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 25 2 GI
(CB1-TESTtrip L1) OFF
7326 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L2 Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 26 2 GI
(CB1-TESTtrip L2) OFF
7327 CB1-TEST TRIP command - Only L3 Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 27 2 GI
(CB1-TESTtrip L3) OFF
7328 CB1-TEST TRIP command L123 (CB1- Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 28 2 GI
TESTtrip123) OFF
7329 CB1-TEST CLOSE command (CB1- Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 29 2 GI
TEST close) OFF
7345 CB-TEST is in progress (CB-TEST run- Testing OUT ON * LED BO 153 45 2 GI
ning) OFF
7346 CB-TEST canceled due to Power Sys. Testing OUT_Ev ON *
Fault (CB-TSTstop FLT.)
7347 CB-TEST canceled due to CB already Testing OUT_Ev ON *
OPEN (CB-TSTstop OPEN)
7348 CB-TEST canceled due to CB was NOT Testing OUT_Ev ON *
READY (CB-TSTstop NOTr)
7349 CB-TEST canceled due to CB stayed Testing OUT_Ev ON *
CLOSED (CB-TSTstop CLOS)
7350 CB-TEST was succesful (CB-TST .OK.) Testing OUT_Ev ON *
B-54 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
10201 >BLOCK Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. (phase- Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
earth) (>Uph-e>(>) BLK) tion
10202 >BLOCK Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt (phase- Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
phase) (>Uph-ph>(>) BLK) tion
10203 >BLOCK 3U0>(>) Overvolt. (zero Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
sequence) (>3U0>(>) BLK) tion
10204 >BLOCK U1>(>) Overvolt. (positive seq.) Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
(>U1>(>) BLK) tion
10205 >BLOCK U2>(>) Overvolt. (negative Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
seq.) (>U2>(>) BLK) tion
10206 >BLOCK Uph-e<(<) Undervolt (phase- Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
earth) (>Uph-e<(<) BLK) tion
10207 >BLOCK Uphph<(<) Undervolt (phase- Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
phase) (>Uphph<(<) BLK) tion
10208 >BLOCK U1<(<) Undervolt (positive Voltage Protec- SP * * LED BI BO
seq.) (>U1<(<) BLK) tion
10215 Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 15 1 GI
(Uph-e>(>) OFF) tion OFF
10216 Uph-e>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED (Uph- Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 16 1 GI
e>(>) BLK) tion OFF OFF
10217 Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 17 1 GI
(Uph-ph>(>) OFF) tion OFF
10218 Uph-ph>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED (Uph- Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 18 1 GI
ph>(>) BLK) tion OFF OFF
10219 3U0>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 19 1 GI
(3U0>(>) OFF) tion OFF
10220 3U0>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED (3U0>(>) Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 20 1 GI
BLK) tion OFF OFF
10221 U1>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 21 1 GI
(U1>(>) OFF) tion OFF
10222 U1>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED (U1>(>) Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 22 1 GI
BLK) tion OFF OFF
10223 U2>(>) Overvolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 23 1 GI
(U2>(>) OFF) tion OFF
10224 U2>(>) Overvolt. is BLOCKED (U2>(>) Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 24 1 GI
BLK) tion OFF OFF
10225 Uph-e<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 25 1 GI
(Uph-e<(<) OFF) tion OFF
10226 Uph-e<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED (Uph- Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 26 1 GI
e<(<) BLK) tion OFF OFF
10227 Uph-ph<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 27 1 GI
(Uph-ph<(<) OFF) tion OFF
7SA522 Manual B-55
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
10228 Uphph<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 28 1 GI
(Uph-ph<(<) BLK) tion OFF OFF
10229 U1<(<) Undervolt. is switched OFF Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 29 1 GI
(U1<(<) OFF) tion OFF
10230 U1<(<) Undervolt. is BLOCKED (U1<(<) Voltage Protec- OUT ON ON LED BO 73 30 1 GI
BLK) tion OFF OFF
10231 Over-/Under-Voltage protection is Voltage Protec- OUT ON * LED BO 73 31 1 GI
ACTIVE (U</> ACTIVE) tion OFF
10240 Uph-e> Pickup (Uph-e> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 40 2 GI
tion OFF
10241 Uph-e>> Pickup (Uph-e>> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 41 2 GI
tion OFF
10242 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L1 (Uph-e>(>) PU L1) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 42 2 GI
tion OFF
10243 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L2 (Uph-e>(>) PU L2) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 43 2 GI
tion OFF
10244 Uph-e>(>) Pickup L3 (Uph-e>(>) PU L3) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 44 2 GI
tion OFF
10245 Uph-e> TimeOut (Uph-e> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10246 Uph-e>> TimeOut (Uph-e>> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10247 Uph-e>(>) TRIP command (Uph-e>(>) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 47 2 GI
TRIP) tion
10255 Uph-ph> Pickup (Uphph> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 55 2 GI
tion OFF
10256 Uph-ph>> Pickup (Uphph>> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 56 2 GI
tion OFF
10257 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L1-L2 (Uphph>(>)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 57 2 GI
L12) tion OFF
10258 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L2-L3 (Uphph>(>)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 58 2 GI
L23) tion OFF
10259 Uph-ph>(>) Pickup L3-L1 (Uphph>(>)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 59 2 GI
L31) tion OFF
10260 Uph-ph> TimeOut (Uphph> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10261 Uph-ph>> TimeOut (Uphph>> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10262 Uph-ph>(>) TRIP command (Uphph>(>) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 62 2 GI
TRIP) tion
10270 3U0> Pickup (3U0> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 70 2 GI
tion OFF
B-56 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
10271 3U0>> Pickup (3U0>> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 71 2 GI
tion OFF
10272 3U0> TimeOut (3U0> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10273 3U0>> TimeOut (3U0>> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10274 3U0>(>) TRIP command (3U0>(>) TRIP) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 74 2 GI
tion
10280 U1> Pickup (U1> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 80 2 GI
tion OFF
10281 U1>> Pickup (U1>> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 81 2 GI
tion OFF
10282 U1> TimeOut (U1> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10283 U1>> TimeOut (U1>> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10284 U1>(>) TRIP command (U1>(>) TRIP) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 84 2 GI
tion
10290 U2> Pickup (U2> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 90 2 GI
tion OFF
10291 U2>> Pickup (U2>> Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 91 2 GI
tion OFF
10292 U2> TimeOut (U2> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10293 U2>> TimeOut (U2>> TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10294 U2>(>) TRIP command (U2>(>) TRIP) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 94 2 GI
tion
10300 U1< Pickup (U1< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 100 2 GI
tion OFF
10301 U1<< Pickup (U1<< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 101 2 GI
tion OFF
10302 U1< TimeOut (U1< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10303 U1<< TimeOut (U1<< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10304 U1<(<) TRIP command (U1<(<) TRIP) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 104 2 GI
tion
10310 Uph-e< Pickup (Uph-e< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 110 2 GI
tion OFF
10311 Uph-e<< Pickup (Uph-e<< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 111 2 GI
tion OFF
7SA522 Manual B-57
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
10312 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L1 (Uph-e<(<) PU L1) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 112 2 GI
tion OFF
10313 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L2 (Uph-e<(<) PU L2) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 113 2 GI
tion OFF
10314 Uph-e<(<) Pickup L3 (Uph-e<(<) PU L3) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 114 2 GI
tion OFF
10315 Uph-e< TimeOut (Uph-e< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10316 Uph-e<< TimeOut (Uph-e<< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10317 Uph-e<(<) TRIP command (Uph-e<(<) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 117 2 GI
TRIP) tion
10325 Uph-ph< Pickup (Uph-ph< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 125 2 GI
tion OFF
10326 Uph-ph<< Pickup (Uph-ph<< Pickup) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 126 2 GI
tion OFF
10327 Uphph<(<) Pickup L1-L2 (Uphph<(<)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 127 2 GI
L12) tion OFF
10328 Uphph<(<) Pickup L2-L3 (Uphph<(<)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 128 2 GI
L23) tion OFF
10329 Uphph<(<) Pickup L3-L1 (Uphph<(<)PU Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 129 2 GI
L31) tion OFF
10330 Uphph< TimeOut (Uphph< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10331 Uphph<< TimeOut (Uphph<< TimeOut) Voltage Protec- OUT * * LED BO
tion
10332 Uphph<(<) TRIP command (Uphph<(<) Voltage Protec- OUT * ON LED BO 73 132 2 GI
TRIP) tion
>Back Light on (>Light on) Device SP ON * BI
OFF
>Cabinet door open (>Door open) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 101 1 1 GI
off
>CB waiting for Spring charged (>CB Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 101 2 1 GI
wait) off
>Error Control Voltage (>ErrCntrlU) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 182 1 GI
off
>Error Meter (>Err Meter) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 184 1 GI
off
>Error Motor Voltage (>Err Mot U) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 181 1 GI
off
>SF6-Loss (>SF6-Loss) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 183 1 GI
off
B-58 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
>Transformer Danger (>Tx Danger) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 186 1 GI
off
>Transformer Temperature (>Tx Temp.) Process Data SP on * LED BI BO CB 240 185 1 GI
off
Breaker (Breaker) Control Device CF_D12 on * BO 240 160 1 GI
off
Breaker (Breaker) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 160 1 GI
off
Breaker OPENED (Brk OPENED) Device IntSP * * LED BO
CB1-TEST trip/close Phases L123 Testing - * *
(CB1tst 123)
CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L1 (CB1tst Testing - * *
L1)
CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L2 (CB1tst Testing - * *
L2)
CB1-TEST trip/close - Only L3 (CB1tst Testing - * *
L3)
Clock Synchronization (SynchClock) Device IntSP_E * * LED BO
v
Control Authority (Cntrl Auth) Control Authori- IntDP ON * LED 101 85 1 GI
zation OFF
Controlmode LOCAL (ModeLOCAL) Control Authori- IntDP ON * LED 101 86 1 GI
zation OFF
Controlmode REMOTE (ModeREMOTE) Control Authori- IntDP ON * LED
zation OFF
Disconnect Switch (Disc.Swit.) Control Device CF_D2 on * BO 240 161 1 GI
off
Disconnect Switch (Disc.Swit.) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 161 1 GI
off
Earth Switch (EarthSwit) Control Device CF_D2 on * BO 240 164 1 GI
off
Earth Switch (EarthSwit) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 164 1 GI
off
Error FMS FO 1 (Error FMS1) Device OUT ON * * LED BO
OFF
Error FMS FO 2 (Error FMS2) Device OUT ON * * LED BO
OFF
Error Systeminterface (SysIntErr.) Protocol IntSP on LED BO
off
Fan ON/OFF (Fan ON/OFF) Control Device CF_D2 on * BO 240 175 1 GI
off
Fan ON/OFF (Fan ON/OFF) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 175 1 GI
off
7SA522 Manual B-59
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function Type of Log-Buffers Configurable in Matrix IEC 60870-5-103
Informa-
tion
Ground Fault Log On/Off
Marked in Oscill. Record
Trip (Fault) Log On/Off
General Interrogation
Event Log On/Off
Data Unit (ASDU)
Chatter Blocking
Information-No
Binary Output
Function Key
Binary Input
Type
LED
Fault Recording Start (FltRecSta) Oscillographic IntSP ON * LED BO
Fault Records OFF
Feeder EARTHED (FdrEARTHED) Device IntSP * * LED BO
Group A (Group A) Change Group IntSP ON * LED BO 128 23 1 GI
OFF
Group B (Group B) Change Group IntSP ON * LED BO 128 24 1 GI
OFF
Group C (Group C) Change Group IntSP ON * LED BO 128 25 1 GI
OFF
Group D (Group D) Change Group IntSP ON * LED BO 128 26 1 GI
OFF
Hardware Test Mode (HWTestMod) Device IntSP ON * LED BO
OFF
Interlocking: 52 Close (52 Close) Control Device IntSP * *
Interlocking: 52 Open (52 Open) Control Device IntSP * *
Interlocking: Disconnect switch Close Control Device IntSP * *
(Disc.Close)
Interlocking: Disconnect switch Open Control Device IntSP * *
(Disc.Open)
Interlocking: Earth switch Close (E Sw Control Device IntSP * *
Cl.)
Interlocking: Earth switch Open (E Sw Control Device IntSP * *
Open)
Q2 Open/Close (Q2 Op/Cl) Control Device CF_D2 on * BO 240 162 1 GI
off
Q2 Open/Close (Q2 Op/Cl) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 162 1 GI
off
Q9 Open/Close (Q9 Op/Cl) Control Device CF_D2 on * BO 240 163 1 GI
off
Q9 Open/Close (Q9 Op/Cl) Control Device DP on * BI CB 240 163 1 GI
off
Stop data transmission (DataStop) Device IntSP ON * LED BO 128 20 1 GI
OFF
Test mode (Test mode) Device IntSP ON * LED BO 128 21 1 GI
OFF
Unlock data transmission via BI Control Device IntSP * *
(UnlockDT)
B-60 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
B.3 Measured Values
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
601 I L1 (IL1 =) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 1 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 1
602 I L2 (IL2 =) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 2 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 2
603 I L3 (IL3 =) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 3 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 3
610 3I0 (zero sequence) (3I0 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
611 3I0sen (sensitive zero sequence) (3I0sen=) Measurement CFC CD DD
612 IY (star point of transformer) (IY =) Measurement CFC CD DD
613 3I0par (parallel line neutral) (3I0par=) Measurement CFC CD DD
619 I1 (positive sequence) (I1 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
620 I2 (negative sequence) (I2 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
621 U L1-E (UL1E=) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 4 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 4
622 U L2-E (UL2E=) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 5 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 5
623 U L3-E (UL3E=) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 6 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 6
624 U L12 (UL12=) Measurement 134 129 priv 9 10 CFC CD DD
625 U L23 (UL23=) Measurement 134 129 priv 9 11 CFC CD DD
626 U L31 (UL31=) Measurement 134 129 priv 9 12 CFC CD DD
627 Uen (Uen =) Measurement CFC CD DD
631 3U0 (zero sequence) (3U0 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
632 Usync (synchronism) (Usync =) Measurement CFC CD DD
633 Ux (separate VT) (Ux =) Measurement CFC CD DD
634 U1 (positive sequence) (U1 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
635 U2 (negative sequence) (U2 =) Measurement CFC CD DD
636 U-diff (line-bus) (Udiff =) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 2 CFC CD DD
637 U-line (Uline =) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 3 CFC CD DD
641 P (active power) (P =) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 7 CFC CD DD
7SA522 Manual B-61
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
134 129 priv 9 7
642 Q (reactive power) (Q =) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 8 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 8
643 Power Factor (PF =) Measurement CFC CD DD
644 Frequency (Freq=) Measurement 128 148 comp 9 9 CFC CD DD
134 129 priv 9 9
645 S (apparent power) (S =) Measurement CFC CD DD
646 Frequency (busbar) (F-bus =) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 4 CFC CD DD
647 Frequency (difference line-bus) (F-diff=) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 5 CFC CD DD
648 Angle (difference line-bus) (ϕ-diff=) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 6 CFC CD DD
649 Frequency (line) (F-line=) Measurement 130 1 priv 9 7 CFC CD DD
833 I1 (positive sequence) Demand (I1dmd =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
834 Active Power Demand (Pdmd =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
835 Reactive Power Demand (Qdmd =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
836 Apparent Power Demand (Sdmd =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
837 I L1 Demand Minimum (IL1d Min) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
838 I L1 Demand Maximum (IL1d Max) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
839 I L2 Demand Minimum (IL2d Min) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
840 I L2 Demand Maximum (IL2d Max) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
841 I L3 Demand Minimum (IL3d Min) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
842 I L3 Demand Maximum (IL3d Max) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
843 I1 (positive sequence) Demand Minimum Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
(I1dmdMin) surement
Setup
B-62 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
844 I1 (positive sequence) Demand Maximum Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
(I1dmdMax) surement
Setup
845 Active Power Demand Minimum (PdMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
846 Active Power Demand Maximum (PdMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
847 Reactive Power Demand Minimum (QdMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
848 Reactive Power Demand Maximum (QdMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
849 Apparent Power Demand Minimum (SdMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
850 Apparent Power Demand Maximum (SdMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
851 I L1 Minimum (IL1Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
852 I L1 Maximum (IL1Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
853 I L2 Mimimum (IL2Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
854 I L2 Maximum (IL2Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
855 I L3 Minimum (IL3Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
856 I L3 Maximum (IL3Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
857 Positive Sequence Minimum (I1 Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
858 Positive Sequence Maximum (I1 Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
859 U L1E Minimum (UL1EMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
860 U L1E Maximum (UL1EMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
7SA522 Manual B-63
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
861 U L2E Minimum (UL2EMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
862 U L2E Maximum (UL2EMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
863 U L3E Minimum (UL3EMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
864 U L3E Maximum (UL3EMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
865 U L12 Minimum (UL12Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
867 U L12 Maximum (UL12Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
868 U L23 Minimum (UL23Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
869 U L23 Maximum (UL23Max=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
870 U L31 Minimum (UL31Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
871 U L31 Maximum (UL31Min=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
874 U1 (positive sequence) Voltage Minimum (U1 Min Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
=) surement
Setup
875 U1 (positive sequence) Voltage Maximum (U1 Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
Max =) surement
Setup
880 Apparent Power Minimum (SMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
881 Apparent Power Maximum (SMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
882 Frequency Minimum (fMin=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
883 Frequency Maximum (fMax=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
963 I L1 demand (IL1dmd=) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
B-64 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
964 I L2 demand (IL2dmd=) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
965 I L3 demand (IL3dmd=) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
966 R L1E (R L1E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
967 R L2E (R L2E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
970 R L3E (R L3E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
971 R L12 (R L12=) Measurement CFC CD DD
972 R L23 (R L23=) Measurement CFC CD DD
973 R L31 (R L31=) Measurement CFC CD DD
974 X L1E (X L1E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
975 X L2E (X L2E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
976 X L3E (X L3E=) Measurement CFC CD DD
977 X L12 (X L12=) Measurement CFC CD DD
978 X L23 (X L23=) Measurement CFC CD DD
979 X L31 (X L31=) Measurement CFC CD DD
1040 Active Power Minimum Forward (Pmin Forw=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1041 Active Power Maximum Forward (Pmax Forw=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1042 Active Power Minimum Reverse (Pmin Rev =) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1043 Active Power Maximum Reverse (Pmax Rev =) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1044 Reactive Power Minimum Forward (Qmin Forw=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1045 Reactive Power Maximum Forward (Qmax Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
Forw=) surement
Setup
1046 Reactive Power Minimum Reverse (Qmin Rev =) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1047 Reactive Power Maximum Reverse (Qmax Rev Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
=) surement
Setup
1048 Power Factor Minimum Forward (PFminForw=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
7SA522 Manual B-65
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
1049 Power Factor Maximum Forward (PFmaxForw=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1050 Power Factor Minimum Reverse (PFmin Rev=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1051 Power Factor Maximum Reverse (PFmax Rev=) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1052 Active Power Demand Forward (Pdmd Forw=) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1053 Active Power Demand Reverse (Pdmd Rev =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1054 Reactive Power Demand Forward (Qdmd Forw=) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
1055 Reactive Power Demand Reverse (Qdmd Rev =) Demand Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
7751 Prot Int 1: Delay time (PI1 DT=) Statistics CFC DD
7752 Prot Int 2: Delay time (PI2 DT=) Statistics CFC DD
7753 Prot Int 1: Availability per minute (PI1A/m) Statistics CFC DD
7754 Prot Int 1: Availability per hour (PI1A/h) Statistics CFC DD
7755 Prot Int 2: Availability per minute (PI2A/m) Statistics CFC DD
7756 Prot Int 2: Availability per hour (PI2A/h) Statistics CFC DD
7761 Relay ID of 1. relay (Relay ID) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
7781 Relay ID of 2. relay (Relay ID) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
7801 Relay ID of 3. relay (Relay ID) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
10102 Min. Zero Sequence Voltage 3U0 (3U0min =) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
10103 Max. Zero Sequence Voltage 3U0 (3U0max =) Min/Max Mea- CFC CD DD
surement
Setup
14000 IL1 (primary) (IL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14001 Angle IL1 (ϕIL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
B-66 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
14002 IL2 (primary) (IL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14003 Angle IL2 (ϕIL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14004 IL3 (primary) (IL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14005 Angle IL3 (ϕIL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14010 UL1E (primary) (UL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14011 Angle UL1E (ϕUL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14012 UL2E (primary) (UL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14013 Angle UL2E (ϕUL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14014 UL3E (primary) (UL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14015 Angle UL3E (ϕUL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 1
14020 IL1 (primary) (IL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14021 Angle IL1 (ϕIL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14022 IL2 (primary) (IL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14023 Angle IL2 (ϕIL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14024 IL3 (primary) (IL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14025 Angle IL3 (ϕIL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14030 UL1E (primary) (UL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
7SA522 Manual B-67
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
14031 Angle UL1E (ϕUL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14032 UL2E (primary) (UL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14033 Angle UL2E (ϕUL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14034 UL3E (primary) (UL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14035 Angle UL3E (ϕUL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 2
14040 IL1 (primary) (IL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14041 Angle IL1 (ϕIL1 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14042 IL2 (primary) (IL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14043 Angle IL2 (ϕIL2 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14044 IL3 (primary) (IL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14045 Angle IL3 (ϕIL3 =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14050 UL1E (primary) (UL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14051 Angle UL1E (ϕUL1E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14052 UL2E (primary) (UL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14053 Angle UL2E (ϕUL2E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14054 UL3E (primary) (UL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
14055 Angle UL3E (ϕUL3E =) Measure- CFC DD
ments from
relay 3
B-68 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
F.No. Description Function IEC 60870-5-103 Configurable in
Matrix
Data Unit (ASDU)
Control Display
Default Display
Information-No
Function type
Compatibility
Position
CFC
Lower setting limit for Power Factor (PF<) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for I1dmd (I1dmd>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for IL1dmd (IL1dmd>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for IL2dmd (IL2dmd>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for IL3dmd (IL3dmd>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for Pdmd (|Pdmd|>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for Qdmd (|Qdmd|>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
Upper setting limit for Sdmd (Sdmd>) Set Points CFC
(Measured Val-
ues)
7SA522 Manual B-69
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Appendix
B-70 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
Index
A C
Accessories Calculation of the impedances
Battery A-6 Applying the Function Parameter Settings 6-
DIGSI REMOTE 4 A-6 37
Display Editor A-6 Method of Operation 6-31
Graphic Tools A-6 Certifications 10-11
Graphical Analysis Program DIGRA A-6 CFC 4-15, 4-23
Interface Cable A-6 Changeover of Setting Groups 7-34
Mounting Rail for 19"-Racks A-6 Changeover of setting groups 8-7
Operating Software DIGSI® 4 A-6 Changing
Plug-in Connectors A-5 the Synchronization Mode 5-51
Short Circuit Links A-5 Characteristics 10-15
SIMATIC CFC 4 A-7 of the Directional Measurement 6-47
Terminal Block Covering Caps A-5 of the MHO Circle 6-57
Adaptive powerless pause (ASP) 6-181, 6-192 Checking the Binary Inputs and Outputs 8-35
Additional Logic 5-43 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 6-233
Alternating Voltage 10-3 Circuit breaker failure protection 1-12
Ambient Temperatures 10-10 Circuit breaker not operational 6-242, 6-247
Analog Inputs 1-3, 10-2 Circuit breaker pole discrepancy supervision 6-
Annunciation due to missing synchronization 5- 244
51 Circuit Breaker Status 6-21
Applications 1-5 Circuit Breaker Test 6-11
Assignment Circuit Breaker Test Function 7-42
to the Circles and Zone Pick-up 6-58 Circuit Breaker Trip Test 6-282
to the Polygons and Zone Pick-up 6-48 Climatic Stress Tests 10-10
Automatic reclosure 1-11 Closing at asynchronous system conditions 6-
Automatic reclosure circuit 6-172 206
Auxiliary and Reference Voltages 6-250 Closing at synchronous system conditions 6-205
Command Sequence 6-298
Commissioning 8-32
Common phase initiation 6-236
B Communication 1-6, 4-2
Basic Circle 6-56 Communication converter A-5
Binary Inputs 10-3 Communications Interfaces 10-5
Binary inputs 1-3 Configuration 5-1
Binary Inputs and Outputs 8-6, 10-3 Operator interface 5-46
Binary Outputs 7-3 Scope of functions 5-2
Binary outputs 1-3 Serial port on PC 5-45
Binary Outputs for Switching Devices 5-27 Service interface 5-46
Blocking 6-120, 6-121 Sheet 5-38
Blocking reclosure 6-175 Configuration of
Blocking Scheme 6-104, 8-53, 8-55 Functions 5-2
Breaker Failure Protection 6-244 the Binary Inputs and Outputs 5-8
Broken Conductor 6-253 Configuration of the aut o ma tic reclosure circuit
Buffer Battery 6-250 6-191
Configuring
a Function Key as a Source 5-26
7SA522 Manual Index-1
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
a LED Display as a Destination 5-30 Cyclical Restoration 5-33
an Indication Buffer as a Destination 5-30
and Connecting Function Modules 5-39
Binary Inputs as Sources 5-25
Binary Outputs as a Destination 5-27 D
CFC as a Destination 5-30 Data Connections 8-27
CFC as a Source 5-27 Date and Time Stamping 5-49
the Measured Value Window as a Destination Dead-line or dead-bus closing 6-205
5-31 Definite Time
the Metered Value Window as a Destination High Set Current Stage 3I0>> 6-116
5-31 High Set Overcurrent Stage I>> 6-155
Confirmation 6-3, 6-6 Overcurrent Stage 3I0> 6-116
Connecting an external reclosure device 6-183 Overcurrent Stage I> 6-156
Connections Overcurrent Stages Iph>, 3I0> 6-163
to Electrical Communication Interfaces 2-15 Stages 6-121
to Optical Communication Interfaces 2-19, Very High Set Current Stage 3I0>>> 6-116
2-21 Delay timers 6-240
to Serial Communication Interfaces 2-15 Deleting Groups and Information 5-24
to Terminals 2-19 Description of Functions 6-213
Connections to Destination 5-16
Electrical Communication Interfaces 2-23 Detection of
Serial Communication Interfaces 2-23 Line Energization 6-269
Consistency check 5-40 Determination of
Construction 10-11 the Fault Location 6-228
Contact chatter suppression 5-34 Differential protection topology 10-23
Control DIGSI® 4 User Interface 3-6
Commands for switching devices 5-10 Dimensions 10-37
During Operation 7-1 Direct Underreach Transfer Trip 6-94
Messages 7-57 Direct Voltage 10-2
of Device Functions 7-28 Direction Determination 6-45, 6-124, 10-17
of Switchgear 7-46 with Negative Sequence System 6-120
Voltages for Binary Inputs 8-10 with the Zero Sequence System 6-119
Control of the internal automatic reclosure by an Directional
external protection device 6-185 Blocking Scheme 6-138
Controlled Zone Z1B 6-52, 6-62 Checks with Load Current 8-45
Copying setting groups 6-13 Comparison Pickup, Unblocking 8-55
Correction of measured values Comparison Scheme 6-132
for Parallel Lines 6-35 Unblocking Scheme 6-136
on Parallel Lines 6-37, 6-229 Disassembling the device 9-10
Correction of measured values for load current on Disassembly of the Device 8-11
double-end fed lines 6-229 Displacement Voltage Stage 6-221
Corrective Action / Repairs 9-10 Display 4-6
Creating User Defined Functions with CFC 5-36 of Measured Values 6-287
Current Distance
Inputs 10-2 Measurement 10-12
Symmetry 6-252 Protection 1-9, 6-28, 10-12
Transformer Connection 6-9 Protection Prerequisites 6-110
Transformer Saturation 6-21 Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes 6-
current connections 2-10 90, 10-14
Current flow monitoring 6-234 Distance Protection with MHO Characteristic
Current, Voltage, and Phase Rotation Checks 8- Applying the Function Parameter Settings 6-
43 60
Currents 8-6 Method of Operation 6-56
Index-2 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
Distance Protection with Polygonal Tripping 152, 10-24
Characteristic External Trip
Applying the Function Parameter Settings 6- of the Local Breaker 10-24
49 of the Local Circuit Breaker 6-152
Method of Operation 6-44
Division of Messages 7-4
DNP3.0 Level 2 4-31
Double Earth Faults in Effectively Earthed F
Systems 6-37 Fast Binary Outputs 5-27
Double Faults in Effectively Earthed Systems 6- Fault Detection and Trip Logic 6-159
34 Fault Location 1-12, 10-31
Double Point Indication (DP) 5-18 Fault Recording 10-36
Drop-off to Pick-up Ratios 10-26 Features 1-8
Filtering / Contact Chatter Suppression 5-19
Final Preparation of the Device 8-61
E Front Elements 1-3
Front Panel 7-3
Earth Current 3 I0 6-28 Function
Earth Current Stages 10-15 Control 6-269
Earth Fault Function Keys 4-22
Detection 10-12 Functions 6-1
Protection 1-10 Further Functions 1-12
Protection in Earthed Systems 6-115, 10- Fuse Failure Monitor
15 (Non-Symmetrical Voltages) 6-264
Protection Prerequisites 6-143 (Three-Phase) 6-255
Recognition 6-28 Fuse Failure Monitor (Three-Phase) 6-264
Recognition during Single-Pole Open
Condition 6-30
Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection Schemes
Method of Operation 6-132 G
Earth Impedance (Residual) General
Compensation 6-17 Device Data 10-2
Compensation with Magnitude and Angle 6- Diagrams A-8
18 Fault Detection 6-65, 6-274
Compensation with Scalar Factor 6-17 Interrogation 7-10
Earth Impedance Matching 10-12 Line Data 6-16
Echo Function 6-108, 6-112, 6-141, 6-145 Protection Data 6-16
Electrical Trip 6-277
Check 3-3 Generate Indications 8-59
Communication Interfaces 2-15 Grading Chart 6-49, 6-60
Tests 10-8 Grundbild 7-13
Electrical Communication Interfaces 2-23
EMC Tests
Interference Emission 10-9
Interference Immunity 10-8 H
Emergency operation 10-13
End fault protection 6-243, 6-247 Handling sequential faults 6-179
Establishing Information Properties 5-16 Hardware
Event Log (Operating Messages) 7-5 and Connections 2-1
Event Recording 4-15 Modifications 8-10
Events 5-40 Monitoring 6-250
Exiting the Setting Mode 6-4, 6-6 High Current Fast Switch-on-to-Fault Protection
External Direct and Remote Tripping 1-10, 6- 1-11
7SA522 Manual Index-3
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
High Set Overcurrent Stages Iph>>, 3I0>> 6- 123
161 Inverse Time Overcurrent Stages
High-Current Switch-On-To-Fault Protection 6- IP, 3I0P with ANSI–curves 6-165
170, 10-27 IP, 3I0P with IEC–curves 6-164
Housing Isolation Switch Interlocking 5-42
for Panel Flush Mounting or Cubicle
Installation (Size 1/1 x 19”) 10-38
for Panel Flush Mounting or Cubicle
Installation (Size 1/2 x 19”) 10-37 K
for Panel Surface Mounting (Size 1/1) 10-39 Keys 4-6
for Panel Surface Mounting (Size 1/2 x 19”)
10-39
General 2-2, 2-16
Humidity 10-10 L
Lichtwellenleiteranschlüsse
FC-Stecker 2-14
I Light-emitting diodes 7-2
Limit Value / Set Point Monitoring 6-289
I4 Limit Values 6-291
Measured in a Power Transformer Star-Point Line Energization onto a Dead Fault 6-38
8-50 Load Area 6-38
Measured on a Parallel Line 8-49 Load Current Š 10 % IN 8-43, 8-45
Measured on the Protected Line 8-48 Logical Combination 6-29
IEC 60 870–5–103 4-31 Low Current Monitor 5-42
IEC 60870-5-103 4-2
Independent Zones Z1 up to Z5 6-51, 6-61
Indicators (LEDs) and Binary Outputs (Output
Relays) 6-285 M
Information 5-15
Groups 5-15 Maintenance 9-4
on the Integrated Display (LCD) or to a Make command–transmission (Inter–MAKE) 6-
Personal Computer 6-285 182
to a Control Centre 6-286 Manual
Initial Inspections 3-1 Overwriting 7-50
Initialize device 9-7 Measured Value Acquisition
Inrush Stabilization 6-119, 6-126, 10-17 Currents 6-251
Inspection of Features and Ratings 3-3 Voltages 6-251
Inspections upon Receipt 3-3 Measured values
Installation 8-2 Remote 6-288, 7-15
Installation and Commissioning 8-1 Measures
Instrument Transformer Nominal Values 6-7 for Weak and Zero Infeed 6-108
Insulation Tests 10-8 for Weak or Zero Infeed 6-141
Interlocking 6-299, 7-53 to Be Taken in Case of Power Swings 6-70
Internal Single Point Indication (IntSP) 5-17 Mechanical Stress Tests 10-9
Interrogation of circuit-breaker ready 6-176 Memory Modules 6-250
Inverse Time Overcurrent Stage Messages and Measured Values
3I0P 6-117 Storage of Data for Fault Recordings 1-6
Ip 6-156 Metered Values 5-21
with ANSI–Characteristic 6-123 Method of Operation 6-28
with IEC–Characteristic 6-122 Microcomputer System 1-3
with Inverse Logarithmic Characteristic 6- Mixed lines overhead line /cable 6-174
118 MODBUS ASCII/RTU 4-31
with Logarithmic– Inverse Characteristic 6- Mode of Earth Impedance (Residual)
Index-4 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
Compensation 6-11 Overreach schemes 10-14
Monitoring Overvoltage Phase–Earth 6-213, 6-220
Functions 1-12, 6-250, 10-33 Overvoltage Phase–Phase 6-220
of the External Instrument Transformer Overvoltage Protection 6-213, 10-29
Circuits 6-252 Overvoltage Zero Sequence System 6-221
with One Binary Input 6-259 Own information 5-23
with Two Binary Inputs 6-258
Mounting and Connections 8-2
Multiple reclosure 6-179
Mutual Impedance Matching 10-12 P
Panel Flush Mounting 8-2
Panel Surface Mounting 8-5
N 7SA522*-*E A-13
7SA522*-*G A-16
Negative Sequence Current 3 I2 6-29 7SA522*-*H A-18
Neutral Displacement Voltage 3 U0 6-29 Parallel Line Mutual Impedance 6-20
Nominal Currents 8-10 Passwords 4-7, 4-15
Numerical Values (including •) 6-3 PC Operating Interface at Front 8-27
Performing Configuration 5-25
Permissive Overreach
Transfer Trip (POTT) 6-95
O Transfer, Unblocking 8-52
On times 6-174 Permissive Underreach
Operating Transfer 8-54
Messages from the Timing System 5-51 Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B
Polygons 6-44 (PUTT) 6-92
operating interface 1-6 Phase
Operating modes of the automatic reclosure Current Stabilization 6-118, 6-126
circuit 6-175 Preferences 10-12
Operating Panel with Four-Line Display 4-5 Rotation 6-10, 8-44
Operating Serial Interface 4-6 Segregated Fault Detection 6-274
Operating the auxiliary contacts of the circuit Phase segregated initiation 6-238
breaker 6-177 Phase–Earth Loops 6-32
Operation Phase–Phase Loops 6-31
interface 10-5 Pick-up 6-170, 10-27
Using DIGSI® 4 3-6 Polarity Check 8-48
Using the Operator Control Panel 3-4 Polarity of Current Transformers 6-7
Operations 4-4 Polarized MHO Circle 6-57
Operator Pole discrepancy supervision 6-247
Control Panel 3-4 Power
Optical Communication Interfaces 2-13, 2-19 Plant Connections 8-29, 8-30
Optical Fibres 8-28 Supply 1-4, 10-2
Ordering Information and Accessories A-2 Supply Voltage 8-10
Ordering Number 3-3 Swing Blocking 6-75
Oscillographic Fault Records 4-4 Swing Supplement 1-9, 10-14
Output Indication (OUT) 5-17 Swing Tripping 6-75
Output Relays 10-3 System Data 1 6-7
Overall Preset Configurations 5-32
Fault Detection Logic of the Device 6-274 Presettings A-29
Operation 1-2 Processing of the circuit breaker auxiliary
Tripping Logic of the Device 6-275 contacts 6-235
Overcurrent Protection 6-154, 10-24 Processing of the Circuit Breaker Position 6-271
PROFIBUS DP 4-31
7SA522 Manual Index-5
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
PROFIBUS FMS 4-31 Routine Checks and Maintenance 9-1
Protection and Control 4-2 RS 485 Termination 8-28
Protection data interface 10-23 Run-Time Properties 5-36
protection data interface 1-7
Protection Functions 1-5
Purpose of Signal Transmission 6-90
S
Sammelmeldungen 6-263
Q Sampling Frequency 6-251
Saving and Erasing the Messages 7-9
Quantities 8-44 Saving the Fault Records 7-27
Scope of Functions 1-9
Screw terminal connections 2-6, 2-19
Selectivity before reclosure 6-173
R Sequence of a single and three-pole interrupt
Rack Mounting and Cubicle Mounting 8-4 cycle 6-178
Rated Frequency 6-10 Sequence of a single-pole interrupt cycle 6-178
Rating of the Protected Plant 6-16 Sequence of a three-pole interrupt cycle 6-177
Read and Set Date and Time 7-28 Serial Interfaces 1-3, 5-45, 8-11
Reading Ordering Number / Version 3-4 Service Conditions 10-10
Reading out Metered Values 7-18 service interface 1-7
Read-out of Information Set Status 7-51
Fault Records 7-24 Setting
Messages 7-2 Date and Time 3-10
Switching Statistics 7-11 Groups 6-13
Read-out of Measured Values 7-14 the Display Contrast 3-6
Real Time Clock and Buffer Battery 10-36 Setting groups
Rear Service / Modem Interface 10-5 Changeover 8-7
Reassembling the device 9-12 Copying 6-13
Remote measured values 6-288, 7-15 Definition 6-13
Remote Trip of the Circuit Breaker at the Settings 4-4
Opposite Line End 6-152 Settings for Contact Chatter Blocking 5-34
Replacing the Buffer Battery 9-4 Short reclosure (VWE) 6-180
Replacing the Power Supply Fuse 9-11 Signal idle state 5-47
Reset of the Trip Command 6-277 Signal Transmission
Resetting and Setting the Switching Statistics 7- Channels 6-131
12 for Internal and External Remote Tripping 8-
Resetting of Metered Values and Minimum/ 56
Maximum Values 7-22 Singe Point Indication (SP) 5-18
Resistance Margin 6-50 Single-Pole Tripping 6-275
Response to Failures 6-260 Single-Pole Tripping with Two-Phase Faults 6-
Restoring factory settings 6-14 276
Retrieval Single-stage breaker failure protection 6-246
Interface settings 5-47 SIPROTEC 4 Devices 4-1
Retrieved messages 7-7 Software–Monitoring 6-252
Retrieving Device Configurations from the Source 5-16
Device Front 5-31 Special Cases 5-3
Return 9-13 Specifications 10-8
Return voltage monitoring (RVM) 6-180 Spontaneous Messages 6-275, 7-6, 7-10
Return voltage monitoring / short reclosure 6- Starting Conditions 6-228
191 Statistics 10-36
Routine Checks 9-3 Steuerung als Ziel rangieren 5-31
Storage 3-11
Index-6 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
Storage of Fault Recording Data 7-27 Transient Blocking 6-107, 6-111, 6-140, 6-
Stub Protection 6-158, 6-166, 10-26 145
Summation Monitoring 6-264 Triggering Oscillographic Recordings 8-58
Supplementary Functions 6-285, 10-35 Triggering with DIGSI® 4 8-58
Switching Trip and Close Test with the Circuit Breaker 8-57
on to a Dead Earth Fault 6-126 Trip Circuit Supervision 6-257, 6-265, 8-8,
on to a Dead Fault 6-36, 6-159 10-33
on to an Earth Fault 6-120 Trip Log (Fault Messages) 7-6
Statistics 6-281 Trip/Close Command Duration 6-11
Switching Authority 7-55 Tripping Logic 6-68
Switching Mode 7-56 Tripping Logic of the Distance Protection
Symmetry Monitoring 6-263 Applying the Function Parameter Settings 6-
Synchronism and Voltage Check 6-203 69
Synchronism check conditions before automatic Method of Operation 6-65
reclosure 6-208 Tripping/Echo at Line Ends
Synchronism check conditions before manual with No or Weak Infeed 1-10
closing 6-209 Troubleshooting 9-7
Synchronization and tripping check 1-11 Two-stage breaker failure protection 6-245
Synchronization Offset 5-51
System (SCADA) Interface 7-4, 8-27, 10-6
system interface 1-7
System starpoint (neutral) 6-16 U
UL listing 10-11
UL recognition 10-11
T Unblocking with Z1B 6-99
Underreach schemes 10-14
Tagging 4-16, 7-54 Undervoltage Detection 10-22
Technical Data 10-1 Undervoltage Phase–Earth 6-217
Teleprotection Undervoltage Phase–Phase 6-218
Methods 6-90, 6-131 Undervoltage Positive Sequence System U1 6-
Supplement 1-9 219
with Distance Protection 8-52 Undervoltage Protection 6-217
with Earth Fault Protection 6-125, 8-54 Unfaulted Loops 6-33
Terminal Blocks 2-19 Units of Length 6-10
Termination variants 8-6 Unpacking and Re-packing 3-2
Test Messages to the System (SCADA) Interface User defined
during Test Operation 7-36 Information = Own information 5-23
Testing of the Teleprotection System 8-52 User Defined Logic Functions 1-12
Testing User-Defined Functions 8-57 User Defined Measured Values (MVU) and Limit
Text Values 6-3 Values (LVU) 5-20
Three-phase intertrip 6-191 User Guide 4-7
Three-pole Coupling 6-23 User Interface 3-4
Three-Pole Tripping 6-275
Time
Delayed Overcurrent Protection 1-10
Format 5-52 V
Settings 6-111, 6-144 Version of 7SA522
Synchronization 5-49, 10-7 for Panel Flush Mounting (Cubicle
Synchronization Interface 8-28 Mounting) 2-2
To Reassemble the Device 8-25 for Panel Surface Mounting 2-16
Transfer trip to the remote end circuit breaker 6- View
242 of Front Panel (Housing Size 1/1) 2-4
Transferring Metering Values 5-32
7SA522 Manual Index-7
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Index
of Front Panel (Housing Size 1/2) 2-3, 2-17
of Front Panel (Housing Size1/1) 2-18
of Rear Panel (Housing Size 1/1) 2-5
of Rear Panel (Housing Size 1/2) 2-5
Viewing
Fault Records 7-24
Measured Values 3-5, 3-8
Operational Messages 3-5, 3-9
the Switching Statistics 7-11
Voltage
Inputs 10-2
Phase Rotation 6-253
Symmetry 6-253
Transformer Connection 6-7
Transformer MCB 8-44
Voltages 8-6
W
Watchdog 6-252
Weak-Infeed Tripping 10-22
Applying the Function Parameter Settings 6-
150
Method of Operation 6-148
Z
Zone Logic
of the Controlled Zone Z1B 6-67
of the Independent Zones Z1 up to Z5 6-65
Index-8 7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Corrections
To From
Siemens AG Name:
Dept. PTD PA D PSN
D–13623 Berlin Company/Dept.:
Germany
Address:
Dear reader,
printing errors can never be entirely eliminated:
therefore, should you come across any when Phone no.: Fax no.:
reading this manual, kindly enter them in this
form together with any comments or suggestions
for improvement that you may have.
Corrections/Suggestions
7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C155-1
Copying of this document and giving it to others and the use
or communication of the contents thereof, are forbidden with-
out express authority. Offenders are liable to the payment of
damages. All rights are reserved in the event of the grant of
Subject to technical alteration a patent or the registration of a utility model or design.
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Order-no.: C53000-G1176-C155-1
Available from: LZF Fürth-Bislohe
Printed in Germany/Imprimé en Allemagne
AG 1101 0,1 FO 748 En
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