PROGRAM : B ENG TECH
PHYSICAL 7 EXTRACTION METALLURGY
SUBJECT : HEAT & MASS TRANSFER II
CODE : HMTMTA2
DATE : EXAMINATION
01 June 2019
DURATION : 08:30 - 11:30
WEIGHT : 40 : 60
TOTAL MARKS : 100
EXAMINER : MR GA COMBRINK Sanso Number
MODERATOR : MR J Prozzi File Number 5113
NUMBER OF PAGES : 9 PAGES
INSTRUCTIONS : ALL THE ANSWERS MUST BE COMPLETED IN THE
EXAM SCRIPS AND HANDED IN
QUESTION PAPERS MUST BE HANDED IN.
REQUIREMENTS : 1 POCKET CALCULATOR
NO CORRECTION FLUID SHALL BE USED
ALL WORK SHALL BE HANDED IN.
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS.
REFER TO APPENDICES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION AND
EQUATIONS THAT MAY BE REQUIRED IN ANSWERING THE
QUESTION IN EACH CASE.
QUESTION 1 Heat Removal from Semi-Infinite Solid
1. A 20metre long section of a 3metre wide steel plate that is 30mm thick is at 300ºC.
Its surface is suddenly cooled to 100°C. How long for the temperature at a depth 5
mm has dropped to 150ºC?
2. If the material had been aluminium instead, under the same conditions how heat is
removed in the time that it would take for the temperature at a depth 5mm below the
surface to reach 150oC
3. Which material (aluminium or steel) would have the most heat loss in the same
period. (do the calculation needed to prove it.)
Assume α=8.4x10-5 m2/s ksteel =50.2W/m°C , kaluminium = 205.0W/m°C
(See Appendix B Sheet for equations, and further data. Also refer to attached TableA-1 at Appendix A for relevant erf
function values) [12]
QUESTION 2 Water Flow in a Diffuser
Water at 40ºC flows at 10kg/second through the diffuser arrangement shown below.
Disregarding the effect of friction, determine the change in static pressure between section A
and section B. (Diameters as indicated on drawing) [See Formulation sheet for equations.]
Density of water at the flow temperature is 1000kg/m3 gc = 9.806kgm m/kgf s2 =1 kg.m/Ns2
[6]
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QUESTION 3 Reynolds Number
What is the flow regime for oil of density 0.953kg/litre and that has a kinematic viscosity at
40ºC of 46cSt if it flows at 8kg per second in a tube with a circular profile of diameter 80mm.
1cSt =10-6 m2/s
[8]
QUESTION 4
4. A stainless-steel ball (18% Cr, 8% Ni) 150 mm in diameter is initially at a uniform
temperature of 18oC and is suddenly immersed in an oil liquid at 220◦C with h= 136
W/m2oC. Using the lumped-capacity method of analysis, calculate the time necessary
for the ball temperature to reach 200oC
[13]
QUESTION 5 IGNORE THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION IN THIS EXERCISE!
5 On one side of a concrete wall a heat flux of 1430W/m2 is transferred into the wall (i.e.
that is what enters the wall). The wall is 20 cm thick and has an average value of thermal
conductivity of 0.75W/m°C.
5.1 What will be the change in temperature over the wall (i.e. the temperature gradient)
under steady state conditions (ΔT). (7marks)
5.2 Now determine the walls surface temperatures when the opposite side of the wall is
exposed to air at 47°C. (take h = 63W/m2°C). (8marks)
[15]
QUESTION 6
Two similar sized (20 cm diameter) tin discs that are parallel to each other are buried in crushed
iron ore, (see sketch below). They are 900 mm apart and Disc A is kept at 45℃ whereas disc B is
at 22℃. Using shape factors calculate what is the heat transfer between the two discs in the
sketch? Use data in the appendices and the thermal conductivity provided in question 5 below.
[16]
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QUESTION 7
A large steel plate of 100 mm thick and initially at 200ºC is suddenly exposed to moving air
at a temperature of 60ºC. h = 528W/(m2.ºC).
ksteel =50.2W/m ºC. α =8.4 x 10-5 m2/s density steel = 7800kg/m3 Cp steel = 0.420kJ/kgoC
Using Heisler charts (see Appendix B) to find the solutions to the questions below using θo/θi.
7.1 Calculate the temperature at a depth of 15mm from the steel plate surface 1minute after
the plate has been exposed to the 60ºC environment. (10marks)
7.2 Calculate the amount of energy that is lost from the steel plate in 3 minutes. (5marks)
[15]
QUESTION 8
The sketch below represents a cross sectional view of a typical wall as seen from above.
8.1 Draw the equivalent thermal resistance circuit for the wall that is represented in the
sketch and, (5marks)
8.2 Calculate equivalent overall thermal resistance in the system. (10marks)
Notes:
• The wooden Struts are 56mm wide (therefore the width of the insulation between two
slats is (406 - 56) mm = 350mm wide).
• The thickness of the wooden struts is also 56mm.
• The units of the k values set out on the sketch is [W/(m.oC)] and kwood is 2W/(m.oC)
• The two layers of Gypsum are identical in every way i.e. they have the same k values.
[15]
Total Marks [100]
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Appendix A “erf” Function values
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APPENDIX B
Equation and Data Sheet
“erf” function values at Appendix A
∆𝑃 1 ∆𝑉 2
U = ṁ/(ρA) 𝜌
= 2 𝑔𝑐
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Reynolds numbers
The units for static or dynamic viscosity is Poise(P) often quoted in [cP] = [kg/m2s]
That for kinematic is Stokes (st). For kinematic viscosity 1cSt =1m2/s
Reynolds number in a tube: Red =Umd/v
Rex =U∞x/v
Nux = hx.x/k = 0.332Rex½ Pr⅓
Cp = 1.006 kJ/kgºC
𝛿 5.0
=
𝑥 𝑅𝑒𝑥 0.5
θo/θi. Where θo = To - T∞ and θi = Ti - T∞ etc.
𝑃
𝜌= 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑅 = 287𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑅𝑇
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Heislar and other charts
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