2 Exam information p4 4 Bands and fans Present simple ad continuous Freee activites 6 Gappesten Pars) pé Present hab be used o/9et.se3t0 0.10 | Deducng wares ncantext 9 ona mus festvel wed ito Imusic Hobtinthe post sedtorvoude S| Pasa vets ithiate TT amonepating monster DB Review 1915 12. | Relative values ‘Adverbs and adjecwes Sree formation of adjectives .17 Multiple matching (Pa 7) pe Sdjectves modifiers an mersers 20. | Prasl verbs p19 | Stouityou flown your ‘amy ‘atts partems:ingorfiasve 222 ‘amily Sioostens? 918 Review 2.25 aaa | Things thatmatter | Using mosfersforcomparson, | Money p26 Multis choice Part 5) 3 | the | comparing quantnes 928 ‘adadjecives and propostions p31 lyeu need love and cart) Frappines Present perfect and past sme, | 230 \ Preset erect mpeg: cantruous? 32 t \ Asana ie p58 \ Review 335 Progress test 136 = 7H 4, | Forces of nature Articles definte, indefinite and ze p40 | Compound words 39 Mutiple matching Per 7 pas Narativefoms pat Negative preiesurinadjecvespai__ ven" The eae Einar Inloms the body 943 Superhuman 38) Review 4 9.47 = == ] 5 | Emtyourheertout | Exxesions of quantity, Subjecverb | Food pa Multiple choice Part 5) pa asjeement 94 The deat of coking? p52 i) Fassive forms Pesvereponing verosp54 | | Review 5 p57 7 ] 6 | Inthe potignt Future forms 61 Thearts p59 Gapped te Par 6) B58 Future perfect and contnvousp.64 | Wo formation 93 Sharing hese ove the rs of | Srtereinment Expressions with get p65 theselRe and dgtal nazsssm 368 [Review 6 p67 Progress test 2068 == 7 | Aplaceto lve | Model verbs 0.72 Phrasal verbsp71 Multiple matching (Par 7) pio Relatve clauses So such ton encugh, | Desrbna laces 74 Trestugale ofthe net p70 laces venitisp76 theres pT7 Tae! colocators and phrasal eros p75 Review7 p79 Z = 8 | Moving on Reporting vers sy speak tal p83 | Cllacaions and phresl verbs with | Multiple matching (Part?) ps0 Reportedstatemets Reported questions | work pet Totbeenasoftheearh pt | [from andimpeatives p88 Uinkng words andexpressons 984 Concrete and absveetrouns 987 Review8 p89 SS ] 1g) | tueky beaker Conaltional arms p92 chance opportuni, possibity 991 | Gapped ex (Part) p90 “rd conditional 298 Word building 993 Big decison ahead? ust ake a fokand chance | Success aed alte p97 chance 90 Review9 p99 Progress test 3.100 a | 410 | Frlends for fe onetinal inking werd 108 ‘Compound adjectives personality 103 | aiulpe choice (ars) pros Parties ing onde) 108 Easl-contused adjectives 105 Amat made in heaven 9108 Iensnio Fhvatl verbs with come 107 Review 10p111 | 41 | Nothing to fear but fear | Nice conationals 114 Prefesthat change meaning p11 | Gapped tex (Far 6) pin Hypothetical meaning 118 Adjecivesand verbs with prepositons, | Leaving yourcomiorzone 112 = Phrasal verbs ith of 9117 Review 119121 12 | Gime scene ‘Obligation prehbon and necestyp.123 |] Cybercrime 124 usp cea 5) pie Reflex pronouns 128 Shoppngonine p125 Novel exract One good tn | Gime Havergetsameting dave 9129 Vespa? | p26 Review 12 p131 Progress test p 132 = Visuals for Speaking p34 Communicationactivtiesp 138 Grammar references 140 Writing reference 165 ContentsInforma email Part2} Using informal language p14 ‘Muhiple-choice cove Part 1) Drumming up business p11 ‘Maltigle matching (Par 3) My music p12 j Interview (Per 1) i ‘Asking and answering questions 7 | 5 Collaborative as Fart 3) i | Essay (Par 1), 7 Word formation art 3) Multiple choice Part 4) Using linkers forcontast p24 How wellde you row yoursel??p.17 | Bith orderp.21 Agreeing and disagreeing (p23) | ” aide Per 2 Open cloze Part2) Sentence completion art2) | Long tum Por 2) Engaging the reader p34 Hyage The ar ofsimple pleasures | Gwingitallanayo.2? Comparing, specuatng. contesting | pa | p23) = | | Essay (Part) ‘Word formation Part 3) ] Muti coice (ar 4) Collaborative task Per 3) Brea ard sapere p46 | Desh vay Journeystothe South Pole pA2 | Ranking 045, | Review (Pan?) "Open cloze (Pan 2) | Sentence completion (art2) Long turn Part 2) | Descbing pasonleperencenss | Whrdopecpebeciiizaso | Theimeeraceafccong p51 | Camengard ging areacton } a: : Report (a2) Mutipie » GRAMMAR REFERE! p.l40 Interview (Part |) listening to and answering questions EXAM FOCUS 0.18 ©) In Part 1 of the Speaking test, you have two minutes to answer some questions in which you give personal information and opinions. Match questions 1-6 to typical topics A-F. How importantis music to you? Tell us about your closest fiend, ‘What do you like about the place where you were brought up? What subject did you enjay most at school? What do you think you'llbe doing in five years’ time? Where do you think you'll go on holiday this year? your personal relationships your home town your job or studies yo your travel plans your future plans ee-time activities amoOnw>auruns ©) write two more questions for each topic A-F. Use question words such as what (kind), when, how (many), who, why, where. ( © 03 Listen to Julia and Stefan and answer the questions. 11 Which of the questions in Activity 8 were they each asked? 2 What did Stefan say when he didn’t understand the question? 3 What could Julia have said when she didn't know the word for marks? {1D How well did they both answer the questions? Use a number between 1 (lowest) and 5 (highest) to give your opinion on the areas assessed in the Speaking test. ‘+ renge of grammar and vocabulary * developing an answer without too much hesitation pronunciation [B Choose one question from each topic in Activities 8 and 9 and ask your partner. Unit[BD Look at the photos and discuss the questions. 41. Name as many diferent kinds of music genres asyou can, Wich are the most popularin your country? 2 Whatis the attraction of going to music festivals like the one inthe photograph? What negative aspects right there be? 3 Have you ever been toa music festival ike the one in the photograph? If so, which bands or musicians did you see? If nat, would you lke to go? IM When the American 90s roc band Pearl am put on @ concert in the dried-up, baking-hot Coachella Valley in Califo, i was an attempt to prove that dey could break away fiom che monopoly of the concert giant TicketMaster, who, they believed, was using its considerable power to exploit music fans by continually inereasing prices. Their concer tras well attended and inanied the idea fora fur, more fumbisous event. Naturally, nobody could have predicted Ghite how imporent Coachella would eventually become. Xx years later, in 1999, the same venue hosted its first weekend-long music festival. Although initially making a loss, this was blamed on the unbearably high temperatures and the lack ofavailable campsite facilities.[ 1] € ] What's ‘more, it took only a few more years uncil its quali line-ups, from small bands to headliners, were attracting worldwide attention. {Wi irone band is responsible for conficming Coachella's arrival on the world stage, itis Dafe Punk's iconic appearance there in 2006. [2] Asa direct result of the festival's success, promoters expanded it to a three-day event, and in 2009, Coachella presented its most mainstream line-up, including Paul McCartney, the Killers and The Cure. The following year Jay-Z became the first rap headliner and by 2012 such ‘was the popularity of Coachella that ic had developed into two weekends of three-day shows unit 1 a READING FOCU: BD You are going to read a newspaper article about an American music festival, Coachella. Read the article quickly for gist and choose the phrase 1-7 which best summarises each paragraph A-G. The first one is done for you. appealing to the target market D getting bigger and better choosing between two. the original inspiration for Coachella a fashionable destination ‘a money-making success ‘overcoming problematic beginnings sousuna WB In an effore to artace Americas impoverished younger {generation to an expensive annual visit 0 the desert, the promoters made two clever decisions. One smart move was to get a much-missed band or singer such as Rage Against the Machine to reform every year. Most notable was a holographic representation of the late rapper 2Pac in 2012, [EL] Ina stoke of genius, ehey decided vo cate far the section of the audience who adored the music that used to be labelled electronic and who flocked to dance in big tents to their favourite DJs. IB By keeping its cool musical reputation, the festival ‘would go from strength to strength. In 2016, half « million fans boughe their tickers in under 20 minutes and each year around 100,000 attendees a day now splash aus around $375 ‘anadmission, Of course, the eosts don't stop there.[-4 1 —_] eis now the most profitable festival in the world. JE _Juse wo hours from Los Angeles, Coachella swiftly ‘became the place to see and be seen. 3] The presence of models and other celebrities soon began to atract style bloggers, drawn by the fashion rather than the music, Which, in tom, has made Coschella irsistible to fashion houses, beauty companies and other lifestyle labels. (© Although for several years luxury brands have been hosting free concerts and pool parties for invited guests and photographing Instagram stars modelling designer clothes, this has until recenely been outside festival hours. [=] —] As a resul,they are now effectively separate events, toe point that ‘No-chella' as it has become known, is, in the opinion of some, in danger of overshadowing the ‘real’ festival. Coachella has certainly come a long way from the original anti-estabishment Pearl Jam gig,USE OF ENGLISH FOCU: lem Read the first two paragraphs again and answer the questions. 11_Inthe first paragraph, what do the referencing words in tales link to? 2 Read option Ein Activity 6. What does these issues refer back to in the second paragraph? What other links can you find in the sentence following gap 1? 1D Read the text before and after gaps 2-6 and guess what information might be missing, |B underline the referencing words around the Japs and in the options and work out what ideas or synonyms they refer to. EXAM TIP Look for words in the options which link tothe ideas and language before and after each gap in the text Gapped text (Part 6) > EXAM GI sixsentences have been removed from the article. Choose from sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A. The appeal ofits location ~ palm trees, guaranteed sunshine, warm temperatures ~is not difficult, tounderstand, B_ When refreshments, merchandise, trensport and accommodation are taken into account, the expense of attending rises dramatically Fear of missing out on another such memorable performance caused huge demand for tickets the following yeer D Lately, however, increasingly extravagant marketing by the fashion industry means that attendees are ‘now preferring to stay away from the music concertitsef. Fortunately, these /ssues were soon resolved. On this occasion, medical professionals treated ‘numerous audience members forheatstroke. G Theirother idea was even more brilliant. ‘Compare your answers and give reasons for your choices based on Activity 4. Then re-read the text with your answers in the gaps to check it makes sense, ©) Write down five reasons why you would or wouldn't like to go to Coachella. Think about the music, location, cost, facilities, ete. Then discuss your answers in groups. Vocabulary deducing words in context BD Look at the underlined words and phrases in the article and options and try to work out the meaning from the context or from the word itself. Then match each one to a definition of the verbs 1-9 and the adjectives 10-14. Example: splash outs? (.. $375 there...) 1. spend lotof money 2 show something is definitely rue 3. finda solution (toa problem) 4 goinlerge numbers 5 try toget as much as possible (sometimes unfairly) 6 7 8 costs don't stop consider facts when making a decision make something seem lessimportant provide people with what they want 9 gvetheidea for 10 good but ifficut 11. somecne or something famous and important 12 impossible to refuse 13 makes. lot of money 14 very poor D Work in pairs. Compare your answers, then work out the meaning of five more new words from the article. Unit 1 Bandsandfans 9Present time > GRAMMAR simple and continuous forms Look at the pairs of sentences and say why the speaker has used the present simple or present continuous in each case. Example: 74 means possess (st 1A cket to B_ limhaving a shower 2A nger appears to be B Do you know wh this year? 3 A He'sbeing really kind B He's really kind 4 A ttdepends onh 0 B se everything, 5A B Joe's iasting t 6 A Mycomputer'sal some reason, B_ He always helps me with my computer when Read the text quickly for gist. What kind of people are buying vinyl these days? Complete the text with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. ‘Thess days vinyl (1) (enjoy) a remarkable comeback in many countries all over the world In fac, itis so popular in some places nowadays that even mainstream supermarkets @ (begin) to stock it and it (3) (appear) that the reason for buying vinyl Is not just older people ‘being nostalgic. Theres also a generatlon of younger music fons who (4) (dike) the original look and sound of vinyl. Furthermore, vinyl offen (6) (come) with catiistic covers and sleeve notes that people (6) (want) to collect and show off to thelr friends, Apparenty, men (7) (be) still the most serious collectors of vinyl but things (8) (change), Increasingly, people @ (ong) thelr parents’ old records down from dusty lofts and (10) (make) c design feature oftheir record players and viny! collections in ther living rooms, to/get used to ‘What do you think you would have to get accustomed to if you went to a music festival for the first time? Read the extracts from Sarah’s messages about her experiences of camping at a music festival. Decide whether statements 1-3 are true (T) or false (F). | don't sleep very well because I'm not used to lying on the hard ground with so litle space to move around, I'm getting used to paying a fortune every time | want something to eat, ‘Are you getting used to the peace and quiet now that Dan and | aren't around? Which form of the verb follows used to in the present:-ing or to infinitive? Imagine that you have just started work for the first time after leaving college. Write sentences about two things that 1 youdoor 2 youaredei ily at ‘Work in pairs and compare your sentences. Do you have anything in common?USE OF ENGLISH FOC! Multiple-choice cloze (Part |) > EXAM BD Quickly read the text about a musician and say what is unusual about Josh Freese's relationship with his fans. Don't worry about the gaps yet. © Look at the example (0). Why are options A, B and D wrong? Think about which two verbs are used with places rather than people, and which one does not fit grammatically. Read the text around gap 1 and answer the questions. Which word do you think might fit here? Lock at the options. Which of the verbs A-D can be followed by of? Choo 8 1 2 3 the phrase which EXAM TIP Decide what kind of word might fit each gap before looking at the options. Then check ‘around each gap to make sure that the option you choose fits with the other words. GD For questions 2-8, decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. DRUMMING UP BUSINESS Josh Freese is a very successful drummer (0) .C, bated. in Los Angeles. You probably wont have (1) ‘of him but hes played with some very successful bands, When Freese (2) his frst solo album, called Since 1972, he decided to set up a system where fans could buy something unique. By (3) with fans directly, he hoped to sell more of his music. “The idea was thatf you paid $50 for his music, you would also geta personal five-minute'thankyou’ phone call Salesofthealbum quickly took (4), But there were other possible choices which gave fans the opportunity to meet Freese in (5) - The option to have lunch with Freese for $250 © out in about a week. Fans could also (7) 2 private drum lesson from Freese for $2,500. There were other offers ranging from $10,000 to $75,000 Not all of these were taken (8) by fans, buta teenager from Florida actually purchased the $20,000 option and spent a week on tour with Freese. 0 A situated B located € based D lived 1A recognised B noticed heard D known 2 A released B sen € presented D brought 3 B € contacting D communicating 4 Bout € off Din 5 B € life D face 6 B gave © sold Diet 7 B rece € collect D gain 8 B back C away Dup © Work in pairs. Compare your answers and say why you chose them. © Discuss the questions. 1. Doyou think thisis a good way for artists to promote heir music? Vocabulary phrasal verbs with take DD complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. One phrasal verb is used twice with different meanings, take after take back take off take over take up 1 Hisca assoon ashe won the prize and row he's really successful 2 He who's also really musical 3 Igaveup the piano and the saxophone instead 4 Hefinaly my iv join the band 5 Tom asthe band’s manager when Sam left. 6 Imade him sibathe said about my taste in music. LANGUAGE TIP Ifthe phrasal verb has an object, the particle can sometimes come either before or after the ‘object. This isshown by the symbol <-> in the dictionary. have taken up the saxophone J have taken the saxophone up. However, ifthereisa pronoun, the particle must come after the object. have taken it up. NOT Hhave-tekerrupt. unit 4 "2 ISTENING FOCU: | on e606 LANGUAGE TIP Notice that sometimes willis used to talk about present habits. My friends and / will spend hours playing different tracks... EXAM TIP Listen for words and phrases that are synonyms ‘or paraphrases of the key ‘words in the statements, Unit vd far Multiple matching (Part 3) > EXAM FOCUS p18) [By Tick the statements which are true for you. Then work in pairs and compare. ‘A Like following my favourite musicians on social media, B often ouy albums online | spend alot of time watching music videos. D | like music that most other people haven't heard of. E (have quite varied taste in music. F | enjoy sharing music with my friends GL always listen to music when I'm ina bad mood. H_ often disagree with my friends about music. © 04 You will hear five people talking about listening to music. Listen to Speaker 1. Which things does he mention? his favourite bands his taste in music social media Look at the extracts from Speaker 1 (1-4). Which one matches one of the statements A-H in Activity 1? Underline the words which say the same thing. ina different way. 11 Now''m just into the same stuff as everyone else— hip hop mainly, 2 Some people ! know always want tobe diferent so they'll only listen to new bands thet haven't become popular yet 3. My fiends and | will spend hours playing different tracks to each other and making up new playists. t's fun, 4 | don’t really bother with following my favourite bands on instagram or anything like that © © os Now listen to Speakers 2-5. Match statements from the list A-H in Activity 1 with what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. Speaker2 (] Speaker3 J] speakers (] Speaker 5 [_] 1 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Which paraphrases did you hear? Listen again to check. 1B) Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Compare the kinds of music you ike listening to, and how and when you listen tot 2 What kind of music do you dislike, and in what situations do you prefer not to have to listen toit?Habit in the past used to/would > GRAMMAR 2EFERENCE [BD Look at the extracts from the recor answer the questions. | used! to watch alot of videos on YouTube. | used to be obsessed with music videos When ( was growing up, my mum would often plav 70s disco music and dance around the kitchen. Does she still watch videos on YouTube? Isshe still obsessed with music videos? Did her mother listen to 70s music? ‘Which underlined verb describes a past state? ‘Which underined verbs describe a past habit? ‘Which of the underlined verbs can you use to describe both past states and habits? LANGUAGE TIP Be careful not to confuse used to do (describing ppast habit and states) with be/get used to doing (be accustomed to doing something in the present or the past. Used to + bare infinitive describes past habits and states used to hate classical music. (= but now Hike it) Did you use to like disco music? (at atime inthe past) Jwas/got used to being alone as a child, (= t's ‘something that happened alot and I don’t ind it) .g and auswna [ED choose the correct option in italics to complete ‘the sentences. Sometimes both options are possible. Explain your choices. 1. Myparents would always/alnays used to listen to classical music in the car. 2. Every year they would/used to go to a jazz festival which took place near our home. 3 |remember my dad would/used to have a huge callection of vinyl when we were young, 4 Mymum would/used to know ell the words to every song by Madonna BD work in pairs. 1. Talk about the kind of music your femily would listen to when you were younger. 2. What kind of music did you use to ike and didn’tyou use to like? 3 What did you get used to? Is there something you never got used to? ©) complete the text with the present simple, present continuous, used to or would form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than possible. ‘Tom Carter is now a farmer, but his life was once very different. Until @ few years ago, | (1) (2) the lead vocalist na band, in the old days, record companies 2) (Give) musicians a cash advance to make albums and videos and then after the album was released, we (3) ... (0) on tour, When, we got back, we (4). _ (Sta) work on anew aloum, We (8) (have) a lot of fun, even though we (6) .... (@soihave to) be away from our famiies for months at @ time. It's all completely diferent these days, I's offen necessary for musicians (7) .. . (aise) money themselves fo release ther own records, which can be very dificut. Because of the crowded media market they (8) (compete) even harder wih other bands. In the age of social media, fans also play a bigger role. They 9) eeesssnersene (WANE) NEW alloUMs all the time and also (10) (xpect) to hear from the musicians directly on Twitter. | know musicians of my age (11) all very difficult to get used to, (find) it ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. How has accessing music changed over the years? Do you follow any musicians on social media? Which ones? Inwhat ways has your taste in music changed over the lastten years? Unit GRAMMAR FOCUS Py 13Informal email (Part 2) Gy which of the expressions 1-4 could you use to using informal language end the email to Josh? > WRITING PEFE 11 Hope to hear from yousoon 5 2. look forward to hearing from you. [El Work in pairs and discuss the questions. : ay 3 Can't wait to see you in the summer. 1. How easyisit to see live music where you live? A, Dost heshateta gant yor ave aay 2. Would you travel abroad to go to a music festival more questions. or concert? a ; 3. What advice would you ge to someone who isvisting EE Read the exam task and tick the information ‘your country about where to see live music? (1-6) you could include in your email to Max. Read the exam task and answer the questions. | You have received an email froma student called Max, Read this part of the email and write your ave to write to? 1. Whodoyou have to write to Vacate 2 Whyare you writing? 3. What kind of syle do you have to write in? Sa = — ee Tm moving to your town soon to goto college. You've received an email from your English friend Josh Can you tell me what kinds of things there are to Read this part of the email and write your email to Josh |. 2 the eanng for sti arc What yu ee | doing Thanks {Im really looking forward to visiting you this summer. If possible, Ti really ike to see some live music. Can | you tell me what kind of music is popular with you and your friends? How easy is it to get tickets for concerts? | tanks Max Write your email in 140~190 words in an appropriate style. Sesh 1. recommend some places to go 2 offerto take Max out one evening ‘Write your email in 140-190 words in an 3 tell him about the most expensive restaurants in appropriate syle. 7 your town BE sec ck meine a 4. complain about the lack of entertainment venues ook at the model answer and choose the : most suitable word or phrase in italics for an eee poe ios eneaonk liformall eval neither icon GB write 1 (informal) or F (formal) next to the phrases 1-6 and add any other ways of recommending or suggesting. Hi Josh Yes, can't wait to see you, too! I's good you want to see some live music wihile you're here because in my town (3) there's @ music festival every ‘summerfan annual music festival takes place so (2) you will have the ‘opportuiity/you'l be able to see lots of local bands play. Unfortunately, one of them is very famous but there's a fantastic atmosphere there ‘and I always (3) find it very enjoyable/enioy going a lot. Also, the tickets ‘are very reasonable and you can spend the whole day there. Of course, lke all my friends, 1 (4) am mainly interested in/have a preference for rock bands but you can find reggae and traditional music there too ~ (5) you won't be disappointed because there's something for everyone/it ‘offers something for everyone, which means no one will be disappointed. ‘There aren't any large music venues near where I live, so its not that easy for me to go to big concerts very often. (6) But/However, one of ry favourite bands, Soundtracks, is playing in the nearest city on 22 August, so (7) ifyou like, I could you're interested, 1 be willing to Get tickets for us to go to that. (©) Let me know what you think,/Pease reply as soon as possible, Alice would advise you to The best place to eats You realy must goto Ifyou feel ike dancing, there's a good club in You should definitely ty I'd highly recommend visiting ‘Write your email, using some of the language from Activities 3 and 6. Then check your work, using the writing checklist on page 165. EXAM TIP Don’t mix informal and formal styles in your eral Leain some different ways of starting and ending your informal emails 14 unit 15:Complete the second sentence so that ithas a imilar meaning to the first sentence, using the ‘word given, Use between two and five words, including the word given. Example: | was given responsibility for booking gigs for our band. OVER Last month | teok over booking ass, for our band. | enjoyed learning to play the guitar and I'd like to take itup again one day. USED a learning to play the quitarand I tke to take it up again one day. We always went to the jazz festival every July. wouLD We to the jazz festival every July. \pertorm in front of people athe time, so don’t ming deingit. used Hl senna in front of people, so don't mind doingit Her career was an instant success as soon as she anpeared ina TV advert. TOOK Her career a Wadvert. Unfortunately, 'm not ike my grandfather, who could play the piano really well, AFTER Unfortunately could pay the piano realy wel When we started going out, | disiked my boyfriend's ‘taste in music but it’s becoming less of a problem. USE 1 cnn My boyfriend's taste in music but it’s becoming less of a problem. 2s soon as she appeared in my grandfather, who ‘Complete the sentences with the present imple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. I (not ike) classical music. Idon’tunderstand what you itagain, please? My teacher (not think) i's a good idea to learn ‘an instrument when you'te too young. She's never at home. She (atays do} something in the evening, Traditional music........ (ge) more ane! more popular. You (lay) really well today. (say). Can yousay Choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. 1 My brother's always..... of doing his homework. A playing —«sB doing» C play do 2. DoYOU eNjoy ann time with your friends? A doing B spending € do —_D spend 3 I'mdetermined to learn the. this year A waterskiing 8 youa 4) When lived on my OWN, Ia A went B practised C did ..computer games instead D made ‘Complete the text with the words in the box. ambitious conficm exploit person profitable put raise release AND In the old days, young people used to join a fan club, and receiving signed photographs from their heroes was probably enough to keep them happy. These days, however, the balance of power has shifted, In order to (1) _toney for new projects, musicians are now turning to their fants to crowd-fund them so that they can afford to @ _ new music. For artists who want to stay inthe public eye, iis no longer enough to simply (3) oma concert or appear ata festival: if they want their work to be (4). i they must also encourage thelr fans to (5) their popularity by ‘liking’ videos repeatedly on social media. However, ifthey are not to (6) them, musicians are required to give their fans something in return and autographs, ot even selfies, are no longer enough. Fans are now more (1)... us and ‘meet and greet’ sessions, where they can meet theirheroes in @ sare becoming increasingly ‘more common, * C guitar D Spanish much more exercise 1516 9 BN RES 1 2 How likely are youto.. spend mast evenings on socal media? get talking to people on a train or plane? always think you ar right? make dedksions quick? argarse a party? discuss a problem openly awth fiends or family? Unit2 Discuss the questions. How do you think your friend: scribe your persor What personality characterist 1 share with other mem Do the personality quiz. Very Quite Neither likely Quite Very likely likely rnorunlikely unlikely unlikely Turn to page 138 to get your results. Then complete sentences 1-6 s0 they are true for you. im very likely to 4 find it difficult to tendto 5 There's noway''d ‘m good at... -ing. 6 There's slight chance I might Work in pairs. Compare your sentences and discuss the questions. How much do you What did you leam from your results? Do you think this is an accurate test of personality?EXAM TIP Ie’ important to think about the meaning, notust the ‘grammar, so always read the text before filing in the gaps. Sometimes you have ‘todecideifa wordis singular or plural orifit has positive ornegative meaning Vocabulary formation of adjectives & copy and complete the table with the adjective forms of the nouns in the box. care caution comfort drama emotion generosity harm help hope love meaning pessimist prediction reliability sympathy use ea % ful socable | adventurous [realistic ‘| practic! | thoughtful [Fl © 06 Mark the stress on each adjective, then listen and check. Practise saying ‘the words. Which adjectives have the stress on different syllables from the noun form? ‘Which of the nouns in Activity 5 can be used with -less to form an adjective with a negative meaning? How does the meaning change? Example: hopeless Word formation (Part 3) EXAM FOCUS p 186 ED) Read the text quickly without worrying about the gaps. What problem with describing people's personalities is mentioned? How well do you know yourself? When trying to understand our own or other people's (0) ,behaviowr,, we tend to oversimplify things. We use oneor BEHAVE ‘two adjectives to sur each other up. We think of one friend as having a generally (1) and positive outlook, while another HOPE ‘riend is considered (2) and negative. Of course, in PESSIMIST @) none of usis so easily defined. Thettruthisthatwe REAL are all made up of inconsistent and contradictory (4) we CHARACTER canbe serious and reliable with our colleagues at work but in ‘our personal elationships at home we are more (5) and PREDICT ‘emotional, With some friends we can be very cautious, while we are (6) thrill-seekers with other friends ‘ADVENTURE So can people be neatly divided into personality types? Or do we alter our personality according to the (7) inourchanging DIFFERENT moods and situations? Maybe we can never relly get to know ‘ourselves and the idea ofa fixed personality is completely Uunrealisticand (8) MEANING ©) Look at the missing word for question 1. I have a positive or negative meaning? ‘a noun or an adjective? Does it [1D Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, {BY Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How well do youknow yourself? 2 Doyou think your family knows you better than you do? Unit ues 1718 READING FOCUS EXAM TIP Undertine the key words in the options and then read through the texts quickly to find a similar word or expression which says the same thing ina different way. Unit 2 Relative val. Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM FOCUS p 187 Why do you think so many people follow in their parents’ footsteps and end up doing a similar job? You are going to read an article in which people talk about how their parents’ careers have influenced their own career decisions. Read the text quickly and find out whether the people 1. are doing similar work to their parents. | 2. arehappy with the career they have chosen, | [Ey Look at the underlined words in Activity 4, question 1. Read text A and find matching words/phrases. Gy For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than once. Which person states the following? Asa child, | always imagined | would follow in my parents’ footsteps | wasn’t able to support myself doing the job I'd originally hoped todo. My parents were initially unhappy about my choice of career. Working in the family business when | was a child was very useful. My parents didn’t ty to improve my chances when | was getting started. \'m glad that | don’t have to work as hard as my parents I've benefitted from doing a variety of jobs. My background gave me the confidence to enter a competitive field. I've inherited some of the skills | need to do my job. Ittook me a while to realise that having a parent in the same business was an advantage. Br ai Gr G14 GT I Would you consider doing the same job as one of your parents? Why?/Why not?er Peas ac on to have eer eet Pee never suggested that they would want meto camry.on the Beer ten veri ae Steers own and deliberately avoided opening any door Sees ert aa cee rrr pee, cia? ert for an independent TV pr eee ‘media has changed enormously since my parents day but eee feces theirskllin finding the heart Se ee ees Pere ee talent for this My dad started his business back in 1980, He buys and sell fruitand vegetables-nottocustomerson the street, butto 0 Rob Wilson easy ee eee em oe tc Iw so my dad offered me a par- 0 5 : DOr Ruse eee we est Isle DO ea eae. area ee et eee eee nee ‘ feoncresartogeatornts Rees er center eo eee eee eee ee ee aes eee et bone cae eT i Pa a Re Teter cece eee es ere eee crea ne lmows more than anyone how much Seen tsar Pate ee ece i eee ec es : See anette cd made the right decision now, though Vocabulary phrasal verbs ‘Match the underlined phrasal verbs in the article to meanings 1- persuade 5. continue establish/create 6 besimilarto discourage 7 enter succeed 8 develop/have a good result ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Do your parents expectyou to make it on your own? ‘Which member of yaur family do you most take afte Do you think it’s important to camry on family traditions? Do your family try to put you off doing things? Have your parents ever talked you into doing something? 19GRAMMAR FOCU: Extreme adjectives, } modifiers and intensifiers > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.1 42. El Think of some extreme versions of the adjectives. big enormous, huge 6 good 7 surprised 8 suange angry 9 difficult frightened attractive bad 1 Adverbs and adjectives : > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.| 42 4 [ED complete the text with the words in the box. 5 Replace the words in italics with the adverbs in astlyfrendly “hard hardly lonely wrong. the box. There may be more than one possible 1 (1)... know my brother because he's so much anEWet older than me. But | think he's actually quite a — Doo pecan dette keane) Page abit absolutely completely fairly vey think he isn’t)... but really he's quite shy and . doesn't make friends (4)... He always thinks 1 He's quite inteligent. he's done something (5) to upset people but 2 He's really cautious. the real problem is that he’s uncomfortable in social 3. She's really impossible to get on with situations. used toworrythat he was (6)......because 4 she’sa realy good person he spent so much time on his own. But actually he i lesanigett nonce: ‘enjoys spending time on his own. He's the kindest ren 2t80n in the world and he'd do anything for you. 6 Hecen be quite dificult 7 They'e a really weird family. LANGUAGE TIP B She looks realy exhausted ‘Adverbs are used to modify verbs She wen the game Gi choose the correct adverb in italics to ‘easly, Some adverbs have the sare form as adjectives. complete the rules. It’s hard decision. They worked very hard. 1. Really/Very can be used with any adjective in order to. intensify meaning. EB Look at the words in the box in Activity 1 and 7 i a arewer tha questions: 2. ‘Completely’, absolutely/really and ‘very’ are only used | weet with extreme adjectives, 1 Which are adjectives? Which are adverts? 3. Quite/A bits only used when making a crticsm with 2. Which words can be used as both an adjective and an adjectives wth 2 negative meaning. aver Whi ones Ineulort 4 Quite/Fainy can be used with any adjective to BD choose the correct adverb in italics. modify meaning, 5 Quite/Fairly can be used with en extreme adjective in 1 Athome we were allowed to speak free/treely order to intensfy meaning. without anyone criticising us 2 Youdon't need to pay for advice on relationships ‘Complete sentences 1-3 with phrases A-C to you can get that free/freely rom friends. make statements you agree with. Work in pairs 3 | ty hard/haraly to geton with my brothers and discuss your sentences. Do you agree? quibels 1. stair easy 4 Because we're twins i's hard/haroly surprising thatwe 2's quite hard faye emer 3. I’sabsolutely impossible 5. He's been feeling depressed late lately, 6 Mymother had children lately/atein life. A. tojudge a person's character from theit appearence. 7 Myparentslive closely/close tome. B_ togeton with everyonein your family 8 Youneed to watch young children very close/closey © forparents to treat all their children equally. 20. Unit 2Relativeval peLISTENING FOCUS ey Multiple choice Part 4) AM FOCUS p.189 BD Discuss the questions. ~2w important do you think itis to have others and sisters? Do you agree that parents teat unger siblings differently to their dest child? 3 What characteristics do you think are vical of oldest/middle/youngest/ iy children? BF You're going to listen to a radio interview with a psychologist ‘called Max about birth order. Read the first question and options A-C in Activity 4 and underline the key words. ©) © 07 Listen to the first part of the interview. 1 Which key words, or words with a similar meaning to the statement and options, did you hear? 2. Which option correctly completes statement 1, according to the information you hear? ©) © Read through questions 2-7 and underline the key words. Then listen and choose the best answer, A, Bor C. EXAM TIP Use the questions to help you follow the discussion so that you don't get lost. Remember you will hear the information twice, 1 According to Max, research shows that A. oldest children are likely to be the most successful in the future, B middle children are more likely to be happier than their siblings, © the youngest child is likely tobe the least independent, According to Max, what is the reason for oldest children's results in intelligence tests? ‘A. Parents offer more support to the oldest child B Oldest children spend more time alone. © The oldest child benefits from teaching younger siblings. What typical characteristic of oldest children did Max share? ‘A. He enjoyed being competitive, B He experienced jealousy of a sibling. C_He always wanted to please his parer that youngest children can often A. seem very confident with older children B be curious and creative. refuse to accept their role as the baby of the family. What does Max say is likely to increase the ‘birth order effect’? A. alarge age gap between siblings B_ families with three or mare siblings © having siblings of the same sex ‘Max says that the best combination for a successful marriage is between people who are both A oldest children B_ middle children © third-born children, Max says we should be cautious about the birth order effect’ because A. itmay only play a small part in forming personality. B people usually behave differently when they are away from their families € itdiscourages people from changing their behaviour wher grow up, ‘Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 207. Underline the sentences which give the correct answers. ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Did you find any ofthe information inthe recording surprising? ‘What impact has the ‘birth order effec had on your family or another family you know? ‘What do you thinks the ideal numberof children in family? Why? unit2 a2 GRAMMAR FOCUS Verb patterns: -ing or infinitive > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.143 BD wort Do you: ‘A. spend less time than you used to with one relation? B_ havea newperson in your family you get on ‘well with? © dislike 2 member of your family? EB © 09 Listen to five people talking about one of their relations. Match Speakers 1-5 to questions A-C in Activity 1. You can use the questions more than once. pairs and discuss the questions. Ey Match 1-5 to A-£ to make sentences. Then listen again to check. Ittook meages to have the confidence t’snot worth We both love We'd like him Ie promised to give him tennis lessons. fiding, so t's great to have something incommen. to come and live nearer. tobe on my own with him, E talking tohim really because he just disagrees with whatever anybody says o> ueune o0 © which of the following verbs/expressions are followed by -ing, and which by the infinitive? Which can be followed by both? 1. ike, ove, refer 2 be keen on, can't stand, enjoy, hate, mind 3 hope, promise, try 4 expect, encourage, persuade + direct object ©) Describe a relationship with a member cof your family. Use some of the verbs/ expressions from Activity 4. LANGUAGE TIP To form a negative ofthe gerund or infinitive, use ‘not before the verb. hate not going ... He told me not to go Unit2 8 © choose the correct option in italics for the pairs of sentences 1-5 and explain the difference in meaning between each pair. 1. A Mymotherstopped making/to mate lunch because the phone rang B My mother stopped making/to make lunch because we were hungry 2. A. Dad tried phoning/to phone but nobody answered B. Dad tried phoning/to phone but he couldn't remember the number, so he gave up. 3. A Thekids remembered buying/to buy grandma a present for her birthday. B. The kids remembered buying/to buy grandma a present but couldn't find it again later. 4 A [regret teling/to tell you that all train services have been cancelled | regret teling/to tel you because now you're upset forgot to give/aiving my sister an old dress, and then ound tin her wardrobe. forgot to give/giving my teacher my essay and she wasn't happy when [handed it in late, >o Complete the text with the -ing or the infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. DESTINY CALLS adja Swarovski who, along with four cousins, runs the famou Swarovski crystal company based in Austria, is very proud of her fami ddyasty. As 2 child, she remembers her grandfather (1)... (tf) hes why Daniel Swarovski her great-great grandfather, decided 2)... iplthecompany Hehaped3) Gel neler thatadnay pon could afford (4)... (uy) because he understood that beautiful thing make people happy. Thismade perfect sense to Nadja because she enjoyed (8) cue) cysts from the factory onto he favourite jeans. Nadja surprised her family when she chose (6)... study at histo instead of the traditional family subject of engineering. She was alg keen (7) (get away) from tie pressure of being 2 Swarovsk and 50 ended UP (8) sn.un. (ntl) at the university of Dalas, Texad But she couldn't escape her destiny forever. When she became the on female member of the board, Nadja was able (9) su. (S68) th they were missing an opportunity. Although she didn't want to give uf (10) (produce things like the popular small crystal animals, shq believed fashion was the future. She managed (11)... (persuadg her cousin to start (12) mas Wore with top fashion designers, sud as Alexander McQueen, His 2009 collection inspired other designers (13) (make) fabulous creations with crystal and since then star: such as Beyoncé and Rihanna have gone on (14) (perform) ir dresses covered in Swarovski cystal @Collaborative task (Part 3) agreeing and disagreeing > EXAM FOCUS p Hl) Look at the photos. Why do you think these kinds of relationships are important? BA © 10 Look at the exam task. Then listen to Alana and Federico. Which of the relationships do they discuss? Why do they think they're important? grandparent teacher How important are relationships with twin sister/ these people? brother aboyfriend/ girlfriend a father Work in pairs. Add some expressions to the list. Practise saying them with the correct stress, Agreeing: That's very tase, Good point Partially agreeing: | suppose so, but Disagreeing gently: !'m not sure about that Well actually Expressing strong disagreement: | have to disagree with you on that. I think the exact opposite ‘Asking opinions: What's your view on that? Doyou agree? .e what you mean, but Give your opinions but make sure you also listen to your partner. Ask about his/her opinions and respond to What he/she says, Work in pairs and do the exam task in Activity 2. ‘Then decide which person might have the ‘most influence on a young person's life. 5] Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 11 Which people do you think have had the most influence on different stages of your life? 2. Inwhatway has an older relative been a good role model for you? What are the advantage: belonging to a big family 4 How easy isitto stay in touch with family members that livea long way away? 5 What kind of relationship do you have with your cousins? nd disadvantages of Unit 2 2324 WRITING FOCUS Essay (Part |) using linkers for contrast > WRITING REFERENCE pp | BB work in pairs. Read the exam task and essay title and think of some advantages and disadvantages of both situations. have been discussing W r has asked 920009 |sitbetterto have 99090999 ddaddada small ore age for your poin BD Match 1-6 to A-F to make sentences. Then work in pairs and decide which sentences you agree with. 1 Even thou may argue, 2 Despite being born eighty 3. I wish! had a much older bro On the other hand 4 Asmallage gap between sis thing, wheres: 5 Thereislikelyt petition between siblings born several years apart. However, 6 While having a sibling of seem desir miler age may A. inmy experience, boys yy become too competitive B_ myyounger brothers are happy to sha © theyars kely to grow up with many shared memori: forming a close bond depends much more on personality than age, a bedroom. E they may find it difficult to develop a lasting relationship, F Lexpect!'d get tired of hi g me what to do all the time, unit2 ED inwhich of the sentences in Activity 2s it also possible to use although? [Dy Read the essay and find where the three points from the notes in Activity 1 are mentioned. Ist beter to have 2 small or a large age difference betneen sibling? | ‘hin shored to 2 wheter beter to have slings of asian age or mmudh oer or younger because al fais ae eet. We cart judge propery what #t would be like to be in a diferent station. () However! ven though weight ike he iea of having 2 baby brother or sister me Cant ge wat tat would be ie in ea ‘But | hin te greatest advantage of kaving a eal agp gap i rat when ‘youre a cl, you have someone io ply wih. As wel a tis, you ave 4 learn to rare your to, inten of ust Keeping them to yours. This rmaes laying wih eer cre ouside the fay easier (2) Although” However, ter’ el o be erach ene competion between siblings who are doe in agp because they maybe jas ofeach oer ‘The danger wh having large age api tat oo ma ot ave 2 dose celafcraip when yore grown up because ou dort tave the some shared memories. () On the other hend/Whte the age gop becomes (es important as you ge older oes ays posable to Take rend wth sour tiling ae ad, Speaking fem my ont exper, kavng a eter vos oxy wo years younger has been sea. (A) Wherea/Despite being aut ice weve aways got on and wee good frends nw wee adults ©) Underline the reasons the student gives for her point of view. Do you agree? [By Read the essay again and choose the correct linking words or phrases in italics, EXAM TIP. There are no right or wrong answers to the question, The important thing is to make sure you include all three points in your essay and explain your point of view. BD Turn to page 139 and do the exam task. Try to give reasons for your answers and use some of the linking words.‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a Complete the sentences with the adjectives in similar meaning to the first sentence, using the the box. word given. Use between two and five words, — — ee a nae . including the word given. cautious confident creative independent . 41 don’t think parents should have to continue Pe eaters ee ch CMen esti te 1 Whereasi'm quite shy about speaking in public, my ‘CARRY brother's aways been Idon't think parents should... sis 2 Evenat the age of eighty-five, my gran never likes supporting their children when they're adults, relying on other peoole. She's very... 2 Everyone says Phoebe is very similar to her mother. 3. My husband's not very good at doing things with his . hands He's not ata TAKES Ese vores Phoebe w-nchermother, 4 |prefermy aw company bt my sstes ar the 3. George's grandfather started his business when he ae ; econ enitesh 5 My father paints and writes realy well. He's always = Deen FeAl an ee ie & ampot prepared to teke rst anyone tm geting business when he was oniy eighteen nn 4 Seeing how hard my mother works has discouraged ‘Complete the sentences using the correct form . me from becoming a teacher of the word in brackets. PUT, 1 Mynewcarisn'tas..... as!hoped it would be Seeing how hard my mother works has : (ey) orp been ates 2 Molly's stories are very Her characters always 5 Notmany people become successtulin the world have such exciting adventures. (drama) otacting 3 My children will never try any new food. They aren't MAKE VEY nn (@dventue) Not many PEOBIE anni iN the world I don't thinkyou'te being very... about how of acting much we can finish. (eal) 6 My friends ae tying to persuade me to havea party 5 Imabsolutel........2tlanguages.ljustcan'tleam oon Saturday. them. (hope) TALK 6 explained 'd been ill but the boss wasn't ata My friends are trying 0 seen having (sympathy) 2 party on Saturday oe Choose the correct option in italics to complete Correct the mistake in each of the sentences. ‘the sentences. 1. He's tried rally hardly to get tickets for you, 1. regretted not having/to have a car to drive 2. The cinemais fairly closely to the station. 2 He'd like us working/to work late this evening. 3 The football resuts were absolutely close. 3 I'mnot very good at running/to run ; 4. She finished late and | was very furious with her. 4 Have you remembered locking/to lock the door? | 5. They spoke free about their difficult childhoods. 5 Melanie has promised inviting/to invite usto stay. 6 Iwas hardly dark but he was completely frightened. 6 She stopped working/to work and hada rest. ; 7 Itwould be a bt bilantifwe won the cup final 7. Theteacher made me tofnish/fnish my work 8 She's been working very hardly lately. before eft B _Jimasked menotto/to not speak | Unit2 Relative values 25c Things that matter BD What matters to you? Put the things in the box in order of importance. education/career family friends interests money pets possessions places Vocabulary money BI Work in pairs. Discuss whether the items in the photos are: A. worth the money. c B_ good value fo ED Work in pairs. Discuss what the expressions could mean. £15,000 Do you have similar expressions in your language? yy this month ees, abit short of mor lanai she's not made of m Money makes the world g i Besonkuns Complete the statements with the prepositions in the box. Which of the statements do you agree with? Discuss in pairs and give reasons. away in of on to within 1 Wsdiffuttoihe.....yourmeans when you'tea student a 2. Youshould aways aoidbeing.....debt < NN 3 Having to live a tight budget is boring \ 4 Very rich people should give most of their money 5. isnota good idea tolend your creditcard... a fiend Young people today havea higher standard... ving than thei grandparents’ generation 26 UniSentence completion (Part 2) > EXAM FOCU: BI You're going to hear a multimillionaire called David Burton talking about his life Read the gapped sentences (1-10). Which of the topi AcE do you expect to hear? A howhe made his fortune B his attitude t his typical working day D what he sp E where h © © 11 Listen and check. [DD Look at the gap (1-10) in each sentence. Which of the gaps, if any, may require nds his money on A an uncountable noun? © anumber? EXAM TIP Usually, you only have to write one (or two words or a number in each ‘gap. Occasionally you may need to waite three words. ED Listen again and complete the sentences. ©) work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. Make sure you have spelt the words correctly. {1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions, 1. Do you think money can make people happy? 2. Doyouthinkit is beter to win, inherit or earn money? VOCABULARY AND LISTENING FOCUS i like his uncle, David's early ambition was to be a (1) His father was disappointed when he decided to leave (2) to start his own business. David believes being able to manage (3) is essential to succeed in business. David says he didn't feel much (4) expensive things. at being able to buy His first charity project involved financing (8) people from disadvantaged backgrounds. While he was travelling in India, David realised that the best way for people to get out of (6).. was to set up a business. for young The charity has provided more than (7) individuals with a loan. David considers building a (8) greatest achievements. in Malawi to be one of his David believes that people from a close (9) are happier than wealthy individuals. According to David, money can give people (10) although it may also cause problems. unit 7GRAMMAR FOCUS Using modifiers for comparison > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.|44 BD) Look at the sentences from the listening on page 27 and complete them with ‘the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. 1 Infact was (empty) and Wonely) than before. 2 One of the things 'm (proud) of is being involved in a construction project fora new hospital in 2 small town in Malawi Being part of a community makes people (content) than becoming a millionaire Having too much money isn’t (ificuit) not having enough money. 3 4 BD Decide which pairs of sentences have a similar meaning, and which have a different meaning. 1. A. Mycar was by far the most expensive thing I've ever bought. B_ My car was a lot more expensive than anything else I've ever bought A. Mygrandfather is one of the most generous people | know. B There aren't many people who are as generous as my grandfather ‘A. Money doesn't make you nearly as happy as you think. B_ Money makes you alot less happy than you think ED complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, Using the word given. Example: A scooter isn’t nearly as expensive as a sports car FAR A sports cart fa more. expensive, than scooter 1. Ourstandard of living isa bitlower than itwas, QUITE Ourstandard of living is not inwas. 2. There aren’t many cities which are as exciting as Rio de Janeiro. ONE Riode Janeiro is ‘exciting cities, 3 Shedoesn’t have nearly as much free time now. LESS She has ‘ree time than before, 4 Not many people earn such a high salary ashe does. THAN His salary is most people's 5. He's almost as wealthy s sheis. BIT She's him. 6 It'sgetting much more difficult to get a bank loan. AS. Iris to get a bank loan now. Comparing quan 1d Use the table to make six sentences that are true about you. Tapend host abpeapant ogee of my moneyon _—_Sravany — Tdonitspend | much of my time ing. compare your answers in groups and write a paragraph about how your group spends time and money. Example: The thing we spend most/least time/money on is 28 Unit3 ‘More/Less than half of us spend a large amount onLong turn (Part 2) comparing AM F What do these photographs have in common? Choose A or B. ings which a A They B They show usual tuations Make a list of the similarities between the ‘two photographs. Read the sentences about the photographs. Where can you add the words in brackets to the sentences? There may be more than one possibility. 1. The photographs shi The man 3. Themen © 12 Listen to a student comparing the two. photographs. Does she mention any of the points on your list? speculating Complete the sentences with like or as if/as though. In which sentences is it only possible to use like? Why? 1 ftlooks......agtad ry 2. The man loOks .....uhe'svery proud of h 3 looks work 4 He looks a bitobsessive 5 SheIOOKS nse She's having more un than th contrasting Look at sentences A and B and answer questions 1-3 about whereas and while. A. While the have a passion for his car, it n for hs whole ie se both whereas ough instead o! EXAM TIP Don’t describe what's in the photographs. Fot main topic and compare the main similarity a differences between the pictures Work in pairs, Student A: Look at the photos on page 134. Student B: Look at the photos on page 136. Take turns to compare your photos. Try to use expressions for comparing, contrasting and speculating. ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What at 2 Which even with fiends and do you feel proud of ink are importanREADING FOCUS Multiple choice (Part 5) > EXAM FOCUS p 187 ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How interested are you in sport? 2. Doyou find any sports boring? 3 Does it matterto you if particular team or player wins loses? Ey Read the title and first paragraph of the article and guess what it will be ‘about. Then read the rest of the article and check. Read the questions/stems in Activity 4 and underline the key words. Skim the EXAM TIP text and highlight the part which answers each question. Always read the text ‘quickly to get an idea Gy Read the article again carefully. For questions 1-6, choose the answer of what tis about before (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. Fe wnninennerszuucerovacstectal os atenig mate) A. She's impressed by their behaviour B She's surprised by how much money they spend. € She's embarrassed by how iresponsible they are D She's sympathetic to ther feelings. 2 Thewriter mentions people who live in ¢ dream state’ in order to A. give an example of people who have uncontrollable emotions, B ciitcise people who have unrealistic expectations contrast different types of emotional attachments D explain why passions can be more important than real relationships. 3. The writer thinks having a passion is good thing because ‘A. ithelps people lain how to express their emotions. B itencourages more considerate behaviour, it gives people an opportunity to act lke a different person, D it makes everything else in life seem unimportant. 4 What does the writer mean by thin on the ground’ inline 30? ‘A. something which is easily forgotten B something which occurs infrequently something which takes place only once something which is unexpected 5 The writer mentions Wimbledon to show that ‘A. some sports are less likely to inspire strong feelings, B_ some passions last for many years. sports fans can behave uncheracteristically. D_ people often behave strangely to get on TV. 6 What was the writer's purpose in writing this text? A. toencourage people to talk about their passions openly B toconvince the reader that sports fans are normal human beings to-explain why the excitement of winning is worth the disappointment of losing D_to argue that a passion for sport provides an opportunity to experience highs and ows 30° Unit 3 Things thatty > ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE Le) rown men with their faces buried in each other’s shoulders orden eer A tc SEL ee cen ec eae eR NC fan care so much andwhat does this kindof passion do to people Snes ona ene ec oD Pe ciue nn re er eee eens ‘They woul be prepare to goto almost any eng to get he hanson a Coe eeu nen ee ete eee ete eee ee en Cee ae Bota eon ten eRe Rares ote Cee aceon Re a Sc eee a ac POU Onne ne eer Cun Ene nerg Se oes et ee eee Deon te ence cer ea Dec ca ial eee Oe cnet Ce Mane a eT Dee eee eee missing out Pasion are deep, fll of jy and pai, teaching you how to SO ne oe oe Re ST Le ‘enthusiasm in public. Because of them you mightend up hugging a complete stranger or making new friends. They help yon to feel part of a community ind ave something to tease your neighbour about. They ae a great way Coe ene eee see Cee ea ee ieee nen ee me nearer Peer eros cen ae Cenc aac oe COU Waneu One aoc eRe SUSU Me eC een ene SU eae ea nae ae Cen a ee For some, a pasion can he switched! on and off — whieh sheer than not De cee eT een cee Ero ne eer ae ee Roo ee Ue ae Ce ota er ee eel Coe eS eee ey Peete erry ee eo Ce eT ene nate ee eae frimportance Passions are rehearsal fr life, adstaction from boredom and, most ofall, theyare fon — even when they let you down, [) Do you agree with the writer that having a passion for something is positive? -ed adjectives and prepositions 1B choose the correct prepositions in italics. Then ask your partner the questions. 1. What sports do you get you frustrating? ‘Who are you impressed by Wu get annoyed of/by? you sometimes feel embarrassed in/by? Who do you find ted with/ab find exciting? 10 or what d What de nbarrassing32 GRAMMAR FOCUS Present perfect and past simple BBR rot about suring since the first tie tried 8 on holiday with my dad ged fourteen. I used to spend all my summers wth my grandparents. They would drive me to the beach every Gay ard ny grony ul a othe freeing wate tout a wetsuit. Aer ‘left college 1 could only surf a few aay ayer boca for severe yours Tied @shchour drive fom tne cost Six months ago, though, I got a job in GaWay and Yve been Iving here since. Tes coset some ofthe best suring beaches in rand and ths means ve been able to go suring every weekend, which i fantastic Tet my ging in te sa ad vee been together for tree mons no. Ses Ap ve o2en having lessons fo become 3 Surin instructor ~ 0 fr Ive has four ich ve realy enoyed. Wihen {auf Tm honing to stat my oun srfng schoo wth sare rend, Ve never entered suing craton and that’ ako something Tike to do one dy Read Liam's blog about his passion for surfing. Answer questions 1-4. How long has Liam loved surfing? Does he still spend his summers with his grandparents? When did he move to Galway? How often does he go surfing now? Look at the underlined verb forms in the text. Which ones describe completed actionsin the past? ppast habits which are now finished? Look at the highlighted example of the present Match 1-3 to uses of the present perfect A-C. I've been able to go surfing every weekend. 2 I'venever entered a surfing competition, 3 I've been mad about surfing since the first time I tried it. ‘A. began in the past and is still continuing has recently happened and isrelevant to the present refersto indefinite ime in the past Unit 3 Flin perfect simple in the blog, Circle five more examples, EB Look at the sentences. Which of the time expressions underlined refers to a period of time and which toa point in time? 1. We been mad about suring since the frst time I tied it aged fourteen 2 We've been together for three months. (©) Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 Which ofthese time expressions are usually used with the past simple/the present perfect? 2. Which ime expression can be used with both the past simple and present perfect? ago already at lunchtime in 2010 just last month never once so far this month yet Present perfect simple or continuous? ‘Match the sentences from the blog to the uses of the present perfect (A and B). te been having lessons I've had four [lessons]. 1 2 ‘A acompleted activity B _anactivity vera period of time (which may or may not be finished) EE) complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs and phrases in brackets. There may be more than one possibility. 1 Locus ide) 2 motorbike since | was seventeen. 21 (once witness) a crime. 3 (live) abroad when | was a child. 4) (have) an operation a few years ago. st ... (Never go) camping. 61 {just win) a competition. ©) Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with Have you ever... ? and How long. Use the ideas in Activity 8 to help you. Example: Have you ever ridden a motorbike? How long have you been riding motorbikes? When was the last time you rode a motorbike?Open cloze (Part 2) AM OD work in pairs and discuss the questions. o youdo to cheer yourself up when depressed? 2 makes you really happy? By Read the text and discuss the questions. 2's hygge'? 2. ~pwcanitmake people feel happier? E} Look at the example (0). What part of speech is it? Now look at gaps 1-8. What kind of word do you need to write in each gap (preposition/ noun/time expression/pronoun, etc.)? C complete the text with one word in each gap. EXAM TIP. Read the whole sentence, especially the words before ang after each gap. Think about what kind of ward is, missing (@9. a preposition, pronoun), | © work in pairs. Compare your answers and say why you chose them. Hygge: the art of simple pleasures as and like > GRAMMAR REF [Gl complete the sentences with as or like. 1 Was that fm... all his other ones? 2 Shall we sil have lunch togethet, acu. said yesterday? | 3. 'veahways.egarded you... fiend 4 Ajob hat one takes a longtime to finish 5 Hels Working... 8 Waiter inthe holidays. 6 Please doit careful... |asked you LANGUAGE TIP as + noun fora tole or purpose: ‘She works as a musician, | use that room as a study. .a5-+ noun clause for manner: | treated hirn as my son. Iike + noun for comparison: You're justlike Tony. Like Jane, I/ove jazz like + noun for informal examples: Food like that risotto is worth waiting for Ese eer EE world’s happiest nations. One possible reason « this could be the untranslatable concept of iyage’. Hygge has already gained a lot of publicity outside Denmark. This is thanks to a stream of recentiy published self-help books, (2)... all UGE us to embrace hygge in order to improve our sense of well-being and happiness. Writer, Helen Russell, who moved to Denmark several years (3) is a hygge enthusiast. She has been fascinated by the idea ever (6) she arrived. Her book, The Year of Living Danishiy: Uncovering The Secrets of the World's Heppiest Country, makes it easy to understand (6) Helen and her family are stil living (6) Helen says ‘hygge’ can be defined a the absence of anything ennoying or emotionally overwhelming. It's all about being kind to yourself and celebrating the simple things in lie, Co) spending time with friends and family, or eating ice cream. So find your inner Dane ~ and do what makes you happy without feeling guilty about i. T: Danes are famous for (0) being one of theWRITING FOCUS Article (Part 2) engaging the reader > WRITING REFERENCE p.} 7! [Gy Read the exam task and answer the questions. Look at notes A-H and choose whether to include them in paragraph two (a simple description of the object) or paragraph three (the reasons why it’s special to you). 1 Whatkindofstylewil you wrtethe artclein? How do | birthday present fram pao you know? | not expensive and very ordinary to look at 2. What information do you need to include? C | two years old You see this advertisement in a magazine for D | wed to have to carry my laptop everywhere young people. E | canwatch films on it and play games anywhere F | made by Samsung WHAT I’D SAVE IN A FIRE Wee ee Write us an artide describing something you ‘own and explaining why it's importantto you. ‘The best article will be published in the EXAM TIP magazine next month ‘Try to make the reader feel you are ‘speaking’ directly to ‘Welte yourartice in 140-190 words. him/her. You can do this by asking the reader 2 question eer and making your tone chatty rather than formal, Look at opening paragraphs A and B. Which ‘one is most effective? Think about (Work in pairs. Write paragraphs two and three, using the ideas in Activity 3. 1. how appropriate the style is. 2. howrvaried the languages 3 whathariehgeussthe ead. Look at possible concluding sentences A and B. Which one would have the most positive effect ona reader? A | What I'd save ina fire Have you ever thought about which poststion A you'd choose to save if your howe was on fir? Well for me it would definitely be my tablet. Obviously, resewe my family and pets fst but after that Id grab my tablet and my phone. ‘Se for all these reasons, the fist thing { would think of taking with me i my tablet, B | The main reason I'd grab my tablet first in a fire ‘sbecause it would be lke lasing my right hand if Thad to be without it, GB What I'd save ina fire My tablet & very important to me and! would be very uptet efit got lost or damaged. | spend hours every day wing my tablet and | would be last without &. [think mest people feel the same sway about their laptops or tablets Dy Make notes on your own response to the advert. Choose a favourite possession and divide your notes into four paragraphs: 1 Introduction (to get the reader's attention) 2. Background (a description of the object) 3 Opinion (the reasons why it is important to you) 4 Conclusion (a brief summary) Write your article in 140-190 words. Then. check it for spelling and punctuation. Write another draft if necessary. Dy Read other students’ articles and choose which | ones to include in the magazine. 34 Unit 3 Thin "Choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. A standard of ving isimportant to me. A tall Bbig Cgteat_ high The house they live in must be worth a A treasure B fortune C resource D wealth When | was at college I had to learn to lve a budget. Aon Bin = Cfom = Dat. I'm afraid | can't come becouse I'm... of Money. Alow Backing C short —_D tight She is always debt atthe end of the term. Aon Bat C with Din t'mstil learning to lve my means. ‘A between B within C under Dat ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Use between two and five words, including the word given. Rebecca started living here five years ago. FOR Rebecca E wnfve years Hast saw Mike in 2006, SINCE \ 2006, Thisis my fis visit to India TIME Thisis the fist tolndia {don’t spend much money on dothes these days. ANY 1 money on clothes these days This hotel isn’t nearly as expensive as the other one. FAR The other hotels this one. Both Tom and Zak are equally friendly. JUST Tomis Zak. There aren't many designer brands that are as expensive as Prada, ONE Pradais snp Gesigner brands. REVIEW wo EX complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. 1. thaven’t got much money but'm not about it (worry) 2. Golfisnota very sport to watch on TV. (interest) 3 Having a passion can make life Moe asus (€xclte) 4AM lly oa bY my Obsession with that actor. (excite) 5 Whatis the most. film you have ever seen? (frighten) 6 Im that the cup finals over at last. (relief) S A complete the text with one word in each gap. CS _ps:pmyBlogteting go = When I was younger, I was always very proud @ my family but T felt different to them. I felt knew I would never look (2) my sister, who was (3) more attractive than me and just (4) intelligent as me, but I stil felt jealous. I was also embarrassed ©) my father, who worked (6) {an actor, instead of having a ‘normal’ job. But now I’m older, none of those negative feelings matter anymore. T've always (7) very close to (8) ‘of my parents and know I'm very lucky to have them, Unit 35,PROGRESS TEST | Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning. Happy families It came as no surprise to me when a newspaper article | read | (0) B. recently claimed to prove that the happiest children tend to be (1) children. When | was younger, | used to (2) having a brother because | thought thet parents with just one child ‘were bound to (3) ‘them more attention and love them more. | My most unhappy childhood memories involve my older ‘brother, Thomas. | didn’t get (4) vo. With him at all and, because he was much bigger than me, he would always, (5) 00 any fights we had. My parents took the view that they should not interfere in our arguments, and made us sort them (6) ....... ourselves, which meant that Thomas, could do whatever he wanted. However, the good news about siblings is that as they get older, they seem to start valuing each other more. In fact, nowadays Thomas and | are quite (7) .. | suppose this isnot surprising, since we share a history that goes back a long way. it's special for us but no one else is, very (8) in our past. © Alately ——B recently € currently _D presently 1 Aonly Bssingle unique individual 2 A miss Bhope ¢ wish D regret 3 A pay B make € allow D provide 4 Aon Bby Cround ——D away 5 Awin Beat C succeed —_D overcome 6 Aot Bove Cout D through 7 Anear Bose C familiar —_D attached 8 A-concemed B caring € interested knowledgeable Progress test 1 Open cloze (Part 2) For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginni Why trees matter | Everyone knows that trees are important | (0) for the environment and human health. | Invcities, trees improve air quality and they absorb pollution. They remove dangerous gases (9) CO, and nitrogen oxide from the air and release oxygen back into the environment. Trees can help in the fight against climate change (10) theyare | known to significantly reduce temperatures by providing shade and also by releasing \water vapour through their leaves. But trees have many other practical benefits, which are (11)... just relatedto physical health but also to mental health and well being. People who live in areas where there are lots of trees feel happier and healthier (12) cecoune those living in very built-up urban areas. In the past, architects and town planners didn’t (13) ornuou to understand the effect that trees have on people, which | (14) _......... why many urban environments lack enough green spaces. Now things are. | changing as so many studies (15) shown that trees can make areal difference to people's lives. (16) of the most surprising findings is that people in hospital have quicker recovery times if they are able tosee trees,PROGRESS TEST | Word formation (Part 3) For questions 17-24, read the text below, Use the ‘word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning. For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning +o the first sentence, using the word A.worthwhile challenge iat ee tear Sanco Most people agree that learning to including the word given. play 2 (0) musical instrument is one MUSIC of the most worthwhile things they Exampl Rae eyertorelbr cleo one cf tie Conor has a natural abilty for music like hardest. A lot of children are very te perent i (17) come WEN they first take up ENTHUSIASM. AFTER | an instrument, but don’t realise how Conor takes after hit paremts in his natural ability | much practice ill be involved. Sadly, Por music they quickly start to lose interest 25. Julia can sing much better than me. as they find the technical. skills WELL (8) difficult. f they feel they INCREASE esol on seco llia Sie Tek ise ettova raUatess 26 Mydad has a beautiful voice but he young people often give up having feria lessons after two or three years, io ‘onlyto regret it when they are older. Perit Crecaatontt But those who have enough talent s Reel prey 9 Mio 27 idon's know my sister vey well ecauseshe'sso reasonable standard, can rightly fee! | ebbeh cksarthareiae, a strong sense of (20) . ACHIEVE | Haney: r " Apart from acquiring a lifeton | ! SEUSS SESS oe Sal VALUE | uccholdeshan ire playing an instrument for pleasure 28 Its been ages since | saw James. is beneficial in less obvious ways Not too. Learning a new piece of | 1 ages. music requires a huge amount of | 29. I think | forgot to lock the door. (22) ‘Although it may not CONCENTRATE REMEMBER seem like it, this is an (23) EFFECT ete Metta he ay ae 30. Mymother started her own business when she fon the music, which means Peene (24) uu about anything else WORRY sey is impossible. | My mother soon HET OWN | | business when she was forty. | | | | | | | Progresstest 1 37 iDD You are going to read an article about superhumans. Look at the photo on the left and read the title and introduction to the article. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 4) Whydo youthinkma powers ke X-Me? 2. What are some of the special powers often sh y people are so keen on films about people with special Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM BD Read the article quickly. Which ‘superpowers’ are mentioned? Ey Read the questions in Activity 4. Then underline the key words and scan the article to find ideas which have the same meaning. 1 For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than once. —_——_ Which person’s superpower EXAM TIP may be shared by other people who don't ey have it? 7 Pe caretdl Thee mae is beneficial for the person's mental and physicel health seem to be similar id potentially affect a person’s mental developm information in more acilliee-thi oretically impossibl tions? than one text. Make sure . zi he story of a legendary character? the word or expression ain illnesses? you choose has the same meaning asin the was eventually discovered by chance? question, even though is believed by the of mi itwill be expressed bbe acquired by whi tobelieve in it? differently at cannot be explained by sc 38 UnitaREADING FOCUS Ss-ENe TE REAL-LIPE SUPERMUMARS sappointingly for comic-book fans, there is no equivalent to X-Men in the real world. But there Ot te er eam eae ee ee eed could comfortably be classed as superhuman. B Liam Hoekstra ‘unaffected, His condition is more Scientises have confirmed that consecutive days. Unaware of Born prematurely, i¢ was feared thimamedical rr; itcould help Hofisindcedableo regulate his his ‘gi’ until e took part in a thee Tass chars would ke Scientist unlock the secres of body functions; by controlling scientific stady at che age of 3), he smutcle growth and deterioasion cell production he gains i convinced that chee are people and lead to new treatment for improved immunity and better like him everywhere who have no Gliseases which cause weakness, cognitive performance. Hof idea they have this big. such as oseopoross. bolieves che skill is atsinable @ Isao Machi tis ear and ing, ik wm \ a apparent by the age of only Eve B® Wim Hof by anjune who in convince ie viene wot i tly months that Liam was developing One of the original characters ‘confissed by Isao Machi,a Japanese supethumin seength. He was inthe X-Men was Bobby Drake, @ Deon Kemazes practitioner of Ith ae of he diagnosed with 2 rare condition otherwise known as Iceman. As Dean Karnazess muscles have samurai sword, who is the holder characterised by an abvence of farefetched as it sounds, in the extraordinary properties, Most of several world reconds involving ‘myostatin. This is a protein which real world there is a real-life people suffer intense fatigue and fast sword cuts. For one title he regulates muscle development, Iceman, called Wim Hof. He are forced to give up when too had t0 cut through a cennis ball jack of which leds 0 the maynotbeabletoturneveryday mich cacetang. ence acne treinga¢-40 is per howe ‘kind of physical attributes that objects into ice, as Bobby Drake acid to build up in their muscles, His most impressive feat was when lets cn onty eam boat id, bute hkl 20, world Nocso Remix he body cles aman Sed aS pple 40 pert mone tac than records related wo resting the esd wit much cmacedinry Mca aapeed of 209 AL eowal, braking, 0crgth eld; with be mys tbetenit ciency tar he car ait hs eatin lly de and speed and almost no body of meditation practices. Among hydrated and functional for human eye could mack an object Gc tet pout thatthe mips Hfsachievensare sending early long pei daring oft se and mirage that Show: he Oreck bro Hoey. suimaaged ln an oe'baih i Bam Gf Geum Hib Zipee ema nfs cold open et wm bord pa fodiick Gat gon hoes sal ¢h mec oal “Goes gdb weg sh le cll Ger treet Shs condion, Thee ae. cunning marathon ithe miler in GO hows and #4 ious sien vo en sn ecie sde-eecr the ony Arctic “Circe wearing only without esp. compleing 2 eA pycholgit who obsened pase davbuck wat tha shorts Over a prod of 20 1Sndevbe'sardosinDeth the perineal “He vat Whoo adesnte body fbn mites inthe ike bath his lo, Calor tempertes epee i Ee bappened {Gore in chithoed could be temperiae and. bear cue of 9C and 4 warnon ie wach 2 trigue for of attatory Somiced Thanky Lam seam remained completely wormal. of the USA 30 sacs en 30 snatenon orf ke Seman in poor heats as he grew up. If anything, the opposite wis true and despite initial problems with Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Match 1-5 to A-E to make compound words. 1. Which ofthese superpowers do you find most Aretn the arate: fascinating? Why? 1 breath A day 2. Whatare the potential dangers of having one of 2 side B fetched these ‘gifts’? 3 draw © back 3 Ifyou could choose any superpower, what would it 4 fr D taking be? Why: 5 vey E effect Vocabulary ©) Match the compound words in Activity 7 to the words in italics in Activity 6. compound words [Fy Read the sentences and think of another way ©) Werk in groups and discuss the questions. of expressing the words in italics. 11 Whatate the drawbacks to being a student? She was wearing ordinary clothes when | saw her. 2 Whats the most breathtaking view you have ever seen? The olsadvantage of going by tainisthe timeittakes, 3 Whicheveryday activities doyou find most tedious? 4 Whats the most extraordinary thing that has ever The view from my window was absolutely incredible, tapos vou? wnun a ‘The story was so unftely that everyone just laughed. 5» Whatisthe mast fareteed story you have ever hear? Taking the pills had @ negative impact so | stopped Example: One of the drawbacks to being a student is not taking them. having enough money to go out. Unit 4 3940 GRAMMAR FOCUS Articles definite, indefinite and zero articles >» GRAMMAR REFERENCE p 146 Gy inthe article on page 39, Wim Hof showed an amazing ability to resist cold conditions. Complete the sentences about Wim Hof with a/an, the or ~ (zero article). ‘Then check Text B. 1. [Hof] may not be able toturn everyday objects into ic, 2 Among Hof’s achievements are standing submerged in for one hour and 44 minutes. 3. [Healsoran} marathon in ‘Arctic Circle wearing only shorts 4 over period of 20 minutes in ice bath his temperature and heart rate remained completely normal 5 Hofbelieves skilis attainable by anyone who can convince themselves they can do it. ice bath Complete the rules about articles (1-3) with the uses (A-E). Some rules match more than one use. We don't use an article We use a/an (the indefinite article) We use the (the definite article) when there is only one of something. when we want to talk about people or things in general when we want to talk about something ‘which has been mentioned before D_ when we mention something for the first time, of when itis nat important which one. ‘| 2 3 A B . E when we use plural, uncountable and abstract nouns, Match the examples from Activity 1 with the uses in Activity 2. There may be more than one example of each use. GB Think of any other examples or rules you know for articles and check the Grammar Reference. Unit 4 1B) Discuss the kinds of weather conditions which pilots may experience. Then complete the gaps in the story with a/an, the or ~ (zero article). Cem A pilot's story As pilots, we have to get used to (1) storms and Q) ‘severe weather, and we are obviously prepared for (3) |. emergencies, However, sometimes they can ‘take you by (4) surprise. A year ago, I was flying to (8) USA and we were over (6) Atlantic Ocean: when ball of lightning struck (7) aircraft I was fying. Within seconds, (8) bright biue ball of ight with ® yellow tail filled (10) windscreen and there was (11) loud bang. My colleague said it felt as it (12) ‘cat had brushed against his leg as (13) lightning struck. Fortunately, after a lot of violent shaking, things soon returned to (15) (a4) normal. {Gi Work in pairs and compare your answers. Say why you chose them, referring to the rules in Activity 2. ‘Work in groups. Discuss what types of weather conditions you like/dislike. Example: I’m quite scared of storms but | ove snow Find someone who has had one of the following experiences. been afraid ofa storm been snowed in had heatstroke been in a flood skidded on a patch of ce seen lightning strike lost theirway in fog 5 6 7 8 beeninorona rough sea 1 2 3 4 ©) Tell the class about the experiences you found out about. jeWord formation (Part 3) EXAM FOCUS p Look at the photo and the title of the article below. What kind of place do you think Death Valley is? How do you think it got its name? J Look at each gap and decide what part of speech is missing, Read the whole of the surrounding context before you make a choice. E] Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Which word needs a negative prefix? EXAM TIP. ‘You may need to add a suffix (e.g. -ness/-ous) to change the word to another part of speech, (e.g, -y luck = lucky); of a prefix (e.g. un-/dls-) to change the meaning (e.g lucky —unduicky. led RIA DD agroup oF (0) vol Riserem ieee toCalifornia, Temperature: Meet eee in foaet having no (1) Are aslucky miners made the rte Teen Despite its name, more @ ec ean ea newer? no idea how (3) Clean NG) not drink nearly enough wal 6) ese Teo Daca aad eS Cree ucse ature. (6) this ere high body temperature, red Cue ie en Chien ey r7C eg dizzy. Allth a esi aeee Teg einen aes Cece cua elk F : Creme ASSIST female al What advice would you give to someone going toa very hot or cold climate? Examples: You shoutd (drink)... Make sure you (wear) Avoid (sitting in the sun). Don't (ignore) warning signs Vocabulary negative prefixes with adjectives Ey Choose the prefix in italics which makes the adjective negative. 1. Theminers' trip through Death Valley was infunsuccesstl 2 Death Valley is very in/unhospitable place 3. The group on the expedition became un/dlstrustful of each other 4. I's m/inpossible to know how peop! such extreme conditions 5. Theinstructions on how to get iVuniogical 6 Some people thinkit is irinresponsibleto risk getting heatstroke. LANGUAGE TIP ‘The prefixes un. in-and als- can be used to make adjectives negative. (Note:in- becomes im- before’m' or'p', before a ‘word beginning with? and il- before a word beginning with I) Un- and dis- can also be used with verbs and nouns (untie, disappear/disappearance) can survive in vere were ‘Add a negative prefix to the underlined adjectives. 1. One advantage of winter ishow much we spend on heating our homes. 2 think tisegal to speak ona hands-free mobile while diving 3. it’s tkely that we'llbe able to have a barbecue unless yts much warmer. 4 Wve noticed that people get patient when they're driving during hot weather. 5 Itwasa great job despite the reqular working hours. 6 I'd be capable of surviving in low temo: if had the ight equipment tures even Work in pairs. Discuss something 1. which is unusual about you 2. which has made you indecisive, 3. which makes you impatient. Unit 4 anLISTENING FOCUS 16) How much do you know about Antarctica? Multiple choice (Part 4) Do the quiz. Then turn to page 139 and check» EXAM r your answers. BD You are going to hear an interview with 1 Antarctica Leo Stone, who describes his expedition to world's largest A. volcano, the South Pole in the steps of the explorer, B desert Shackleton. Before you listen, read the © mountain range. questions and options in Activity 3 and 2. Has Antarctica always been cold? underline the key words. A. No, itused to be tropical B Yes, it’s always been covered in thick ce EXADETIP Yes, but the ice used to bea lat thinner. The interviewer's questions will help you to locate the 3 Whichofthasewnmalsdayounotaet ‘questions you are listening for. The information on the aoe, 2 recording isin the same order as the questions 1-7. A penguins B se © pola 4 Wholedt nto reach the South Pole in 19112 A. Roald Amu B_ Robert Falcon Scott © Emest Shackleton 5 Why sEmest Shackleton’s 1908 edition famous? ‘A. Everyone except Shackleton survived trip. B_ Themen survived but they didn’t get to the South Pole © Alithe men died on the way back from the South Pole. 42 unitBD © 12 Listen to the interview and answer questions 1~7. Listen out for paraphrases or synonyms of the words you underlined in Activity 2. 1. What was unusual about Leo'steam? A. They wete all descendants of Emest Shackleton B. They ll had a personal link with the 1908 tip. € They'dall attempted to reach the South Pole before, 2. What does Leo say was the hardest thing for the team before the expedition? A. organising the finance B preparing mentally © getting physically fit 3 What does Leo say was easier for the 21*-century expedition than for Shackleton’s expedition? A. planning their daily route B doing the cooking carrying their equipment 4. What problem did both expeditions experience? ‘A. running out of food B aserious liness © bad weather 5 How did Leo feel when he was crossing the ‘Antarctic plateau? A He hadn't expected ito be so difficult B_ Hews worried they wouldn't reach the South Pole. © He doubted his skils asa leader. 6 The part ofthe trip Leo enjoyed the most was when they A teached the South Pole. B reached the same point that Shackleton had gotto, © reached home safely 7 What does .e0 admire about Shackleton? A hisdetermination B hisambition © hisbravery DD check your answers. What words or phrases did you hear to justify choosing A, B or C for ‘each question? Listen again and check the audio script on page 209. BD) Discuss the questions. 11 What would you find herd aboutaa trip lke this? 2 Shackleton considered a hero and a role model by many people. Who are your heroes and role models? 3) Which part of the world would you most like to explore? Why? Vocabulary idioms: the body (Bl Match the underlined idioms 1-10 to their meanings A-J. 1. Thehardest part was getting their heads around doing 2 900-mile journey. 2 When he came face to face with conditions there, Shackleton began to doubt he'd ever reach the Pole. 3 He's always puting his foot init. He|ust doesn’t know when to keep his mouth shut 4 My father and | don’t see eye to eye, Perhaps our relationship will improve when | leave home. 5. Something in the dstence caught my eve 6 | must keep aneye on the time. | don't want to belate. 7. itwas really dificult to keep astraight face: he looked so silly, I'm beginning to get cold feet about the whole idea. | can't face going to work | fee! terrible 10 Youneed to put your foot down, Don'tagree to working late every evening, oe pay attention to look serious attract your attention change your mind geton with each other feel unableto have cirect experience (of something) say the wrong thing say note something understand/accept an idea So raonmone> ‘Work in pairs. Tell your partner the last time you did the following things. Your partner should take notes. put your foot init couldn't face doing something putyour foot down couldn'tkeep a straight face got cold feet about something came face to face with something strange By change partners and tell him/her what your first partner said. Are there any similarities? ouRwNne Unit 4 Forces ofry GRAMMAR FOCUS Narrative forms past simple, past continuous and past perfect > GRAMMAR REF BD You are going to read a story about aman who was buried in an avalanche ona mountainside. Read paragraph 1 and predict what happens next. ‘The avalanche struck without warning. [ad ‘been putting up a snow shed 12,000 feet up in the Colorado mountains ‘that morning and when ‘ithappened T had jst stopped for a break. One minute I yas eating my Tunch and the next I found myself under 50 feet of snow. Which of the underlined forms 1 refertoa finished event n the past? 2. refers to something which happened before a point inthe past? 3° describes an action already in progress when one or more events happened? ©) Whatare the names of the verb forms in Acti 2? Howare they formed? 1D) Read the rest of the story below quickly. Don’t worry about the gaps yet. How well did you predict the ending? ©) complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1) sss (ae) a mouth fall of snow and it @) (be) torlly dark. To begin with 1 () (cine) ) ocons aay de) Then 1 (8) oon (ote) thae tears (6) (un) diagonally across my face and 1 os (A) E(B). ld) upside down. As soon as) {fee my upper body I (10) (sta) v0 dig. After many hours [finally 11)... (t) the first litle chink of light. When rescuers finally (12) ...c.. (ari) 1(13) (be) on the mountain for nearly 48 hours. past perfect simple and past perfect continuous 1) complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then match the examples with one of the statements, A or B. 1 since! (finish) my homework, | decided to 0 round to a friend's house. 2 Andy'sleg (hurt) forages betore he went tothe doctor 3 We (never see) a glacier before we went to Antarctica at {not hear) the news until Sophie rang me. ‘A. Only the simple forms possible here. B_Itis more natural to use the continuous form here because the action continues over a period of time. —_ LANGUAGE TIP ifthe time sequence is clear or there are time linkers such as before and after, itis not necessary to use the past perfect. went for run before /had lunch OR had been fora run before I had lunch. BUT sometimes the past perfect is necessary to ‘emphasise the order of events, When Tim arrived the party started. (t started after Tim arrived) When Tim arrived the party had started. it started before Tim arrived) ‘Complete the sentences so that B has the same meaning as A. Sometimes more than one form is possible. 1A Jack was hoping to compete in the Olympics. Then he hurt his back. B Before he (hurt) his back, Jack hope} to compete in the Olympics. 2 A Luke spent six monthsin hospital. He studied to bbea lawyer during this time. B_ While Luke (recover) in hospital, he (study) to be a lawyer. 3A Duting hisswim to the island, Lewis cut hisknee badly on a rock. B Lewis (swim) to the island when he (cut) his knee badly on a rock. 4A. Frances and Tom went out together for two years Then they split up B Before they (split up), Frances and Tom (go out) together for two years. 5 A itwasn’t necessary for me to buy any food. Karen cid it ear in the day. Bl {not/need) to buy any food because Karen (already/do) it earlier in the day,