TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

Only One Option is Correct TRIGONOMETRY

1. The number of points P(x, y) lying inside or on the circle x2 + y2 = 9 and satisfying the equation
tan4x + cot4x + 2 = 4 sin2y, is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) Infinite

3
2. Let a and b be positive numbers not equal to 1 and    2 . If atan  > btan  > 1, then which one
2
of the following is always TRUE?
(A) a > b > 1 (B) a < b < 1 (C) b < a < 1 (D) b > a > 1

3.. Two equilateral triangles are constructed from a line segment of length L. If M and m are the maximum
and minimum value of the sum of the areas of two plane figures, then
(A) M = 2m (B) M = 3m (C) 2M = 3 3 m (D) M = 4m

1  sin 2  cos 2
4. If f () = 2 cos 2 then value of f (11°) · f (34°) equals

1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 4

5. Consider f (x) = sin3x + 1 + p3 – 3 p sin x, (p > 0).

Statement-1 : The equation f (x) = 0 has a solution for exactly one value of p.
Statement-2 : If a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc then (a + b + c) must be zero.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

6. Number of solutions of the equation tan x + sec x = 2 cos x in (– , 2), is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

     3 
7. Statement-1 : If | sin 2x – cos 2x | = | sin 2x | + | cos 2x | where 0 < x < , then x   ,    ,  
4 2  4 
Statement-2 : If a, b  R such that | a – b | = | a | + | b | then ab  0,
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
 3 17
8. The sum cos  cos  .......  cos equals
9 9 9
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/ 2 (C) 1 (D) 1

9.  ,  and  are the angles of triangle. If sin   sin   sin   cos   cos   then  is equal to

(A) sec 1  2  (B) cos ec 1  2 (C) cot 1  0  (D) tan 1  

2 1

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7 3 15
10. The value of cot  2 cot  cot is.
16 8 16
(A) – 2 (B) – 3 (C) – 4 (D) – 6

n
 1  tan 2 ( 2 n )     
11. Let fn() =   2 n

2  where |  | < n  2 , then the value of f10  13  is__
n 1  (1  tan ( 2 ))  2 2 
   
(A) 1+ cos 10 (B) 1 + cos 11 (C) 1 + cos 12 (D) 1 + cos
2 2 2 213

12. The maximum value of the function f (x) = (7 cos x + 24 sin x)(7 sin x – 24 cos x), for every x  R.
625 625
(A) 25 (B) 625 (C) (D)
2 4

13. The variable 'x' stisfying the equation |sin x cos x| + 2  tan 2 x  cot 2 x = 3 , belongs to the interval

     3 
(A) 0,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D) non existent
 3 3 2 4 

14. In the range of 0  x  5, then equation (3 + cos x)2 = 4 – 2 sin8x has
(A) exactly one solution (B) exactly three solutions
(C) exactly five solution (D) infinite solutions

        
15. Let F(k) = 1  sin  1  sin (k  1)  1  sin (2k  1)  1  sin (3k  1) 
 2k   2k   2k   2k 
The value of F(1) + F(2) + F(3) is equal to
3 1 5 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 4 16 16

    
16. If x = cos  + cos  – cos( + ) and y = 4 sin sin cos   , then (x – y) equals
2 2  2 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) – 2

1 2 3
17. Let f () =  cos ec 2  sec 2  . The least value of f () for all permissible values of , is
2 3 8
31 61 61 61
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 48 25 24

1 sin  1
18.  sin  1 sin 
1  sin  1
(A) can not equals three for atleast one value of   R.
(B) is zero for some value of R.
(C) lies in [2, 4]
(D) lies in [–1, 1]

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
19. Let 0 < , , < .
2
Statement-1 : If tan3, tan3, tan3are the roots of the cubic equation x3 – 6x2 + kx – 8 = 0,
then tan  = tan = tan .
Because
Statement-2 : If a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc and a, b, c are positive numbers then a = b = c.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

20. The expression ( tan  +  cot ) ( cot  +  tan ) – 4 cot2 2 is

(A) independent of  (B) independent of 
(C) dependent on  (D) dependent on 

cot 7.5  tan 7.5

21. The value of is equal to
cot 7.5  tan 7.5
6 2 6 2
(A) (B) (C) 4  2 3 (D) 4  2 3
4 4

22. The expression sin 27° cos 57° sin 87° simplifies to
sin 9 cos 9 sin 9 cos 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 2

sin A sin B sin C c b a

23. In ABC, if   =   , then the value of angle A, is
c sin B c b ab ac bc
(All symbols used have their usual meaning in a triangle.)
(A) 120° (B) 90° (C) 60° (D) 30°

1  cos C
24. In ABC, If A – B = 120° and R = 8r, then the value of equals
1  cos C
(All symbols used have their usual meaning in a triangle)
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 21 (D) 31

 

25.
k
 
Let   R and  sin 2   a. The value  cot  2    cot  2   sin  2  
3 k k 4 k
equals
k 2 k 0

a a a a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 8 16

26. The radii of the escribed circles of ABC are ra , rb and rc respectively. If ra + rb = 3R and rb + rc = 2R,
then the smallest angle of the triangle is
1 1
(A) tan–1  
2 1 (B)
2
tan–1  3 (C)
2
tan–1  2 1 
(D) tan–1 2  3 

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27. In ABC, the bisector of the angle A meets the side BC at D and the circumscribed circle at E, then DE
equals
A A A
a 2 sec a 2 sin a 2 cos A
a 2 cosec
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2
2(b  c) 2(b  c) 2(b  c) 2(b  c)

5
28. For a triangle ABC, R = and r = 1. Let I be the incentre of the triangle and D, E and F be the feet of
2
ID ·IE ·IF
the perpendicular from I to BC, CA and AB respectively. The value is equal to
IA ·IB ·IC
(A) 5/2 (B) 5/4
(C) 1/10 (D)1/5
 A  B
29. In a triangle ABC, C = . If tan   and tan   are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
2 2 2
(a  0) then
(A) a + b = c (B) b + c = a (C) a + c = b (D) b = c

30. A circle is inscribed inside a regular pentagon and another circle is circumscribed about this pentagon.
Similarly a circle is inscribed in a regular heptagon and another circumscribed about the heptagon. The
area of the regions between the two circles in two cases are A 1 and A2 respectively. If each polygon has
a side length of 2 units then which one of the following is true?
5 25 49
(A) A1 = A (B) A1 = A (C) A1 = A (D) A1 = A2
7 2 49 2 25 2

31. If the angles subtended by the sides of a triangle at orthocentre and incentre are equal,then the triangle
is
(A) Scalene (B) Isosceles but not equilateral
(C) Equilateral (D) Obtuse angled

32. Let there exist a unique point P inside a  ABC such that  PAB   PBC   PCA   .
If PA = x, PB = y, PC = z,  = area of  ABC and a, b, c, are the sides opposite to the angle A,B,C
respectively, then tan  is equal to
a 2  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 a 2  b2  c 2 a 2  b2  c 2

33. In a  ABC with usual notations, if r = 1, r1 = 7 and R = 3, then the  ABC is

(A) equilateral (B) acute angled which is not equilateral.
(C) obtuse angled. (D) right angled.

34. Let l1, l2, l3 be the lengths of the internal bisectors of angles A, B, C respectively of a ABC.
A B C
cos cos cos
2  2  2  2  1  1  1 
Statement-1 :
l1 l2 l3 a b c
Because
2 2 2
     
Statement-2 : l12  bc 1   a  , l22  ca 1   b   , l32  ab 1   c  
  b  c     c  a     a  b  

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(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
9R
35. Statement-1 : In any ABC, maximum value of r1 + r2 + r3 = .
2
Because
Statement-2 : In any ABC, R  2r. (All symbols used have their usual meaning in a triangle)
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

36. Number of straight lines equidistant from three non collinear points in the plane of the points equals
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

b 2  3  2 1
37. In a  ABC, if A = 30° and  , then the measure of C, is
c 2  3  2 1
1 1
(A) 75° (B) 15° (C) 52 (D) 97
2 2

38. Statement-1 : In  ABC, sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C is always positive.

Because
Statement-2 : In  ABC, sin 2A + sin 2B + sin2C = 8 sinA sinB sinC.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

39. A point 'P' is an arbitrary interior point of an equilateral triangle of side 4. If x, y, z are the distances of
'P' from sides of the triangle then the value of (x + y + z)2 is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 12 (C) 18 (D) 48

40. The legs of a right angle triangle are 'a' and 'b'. The line segment of length 'd' connecting the vertex of
the right angle to a point 'P' of the hypotenuse enclose an angle  with the leg a. The quantities a, b, d
and  are correctly related as
1 cos  sin  2 cos  sin 
(A)   (B)  
2d a b d a b
1 cos  sin  2 cos  sin 
(C)   (D)  
d a b d b a

41. In ABC, C = 2A and AC = 2 BC, then which of the following is/are TRUE?
(A) Angles A, B, C are in arithmetic progression.
(B) Angles A, C, B are in arithmetic progression.
(C) ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle.
(D) BC2 + CA2 + AB2 = 8R2 where R is the circum-radius of ABC.

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42. I n ABC, if sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 – 4 cosA cosB, then the triangle is
(A) equilateral. (B) right angled but not isosceles.
(C) isosceles but not right angled. (D) isosceles and right angled.

43. In a  ABC with usual notations, If A = 55°, B = 15°, C = 110° then the value of (c2 – a2) equals.
ab ab
(A) 2ab (B) (C) ab (D)
2 4

44. A triangle is formed by the line pair xy + 3x – 2y – 6 = 0 and the line 3x – 2y – 6 = 0. The radius of the
circle inscribed in the triangle is
5  13 6 3

(A) 5  13  (B)
2
(C)
13
(D)
5  13

45. Let g(x) = ax + b, where a < 0 and g is defined from [1,3] onto [0,2] then the value of
 
cot cos1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 ( | cos x |  | sin x |) is equal to
(A) g(1) (B) g (2) (C) g(3) (D) g(1) + g(3)

   x2  k 
46. Let g : R   0,  is defined by g(x) = cos–1  
 1 x 2  .
 3  
Then the possible values of 'k' for which g is surjective function, is
1   1  1  1 
(A)   (B)   1,   (C)   (D)  , 1
2  2  2  2 

 1 5  1  
47. If    cos 2
,  then which one of the following inequalities hold good?
2

(A) cos  < sin  < cot  < tan  (B) cos  < cot  < sin  < tan 
(C) sin  < tan  < cos  < cot  (D) sin  < cot  < tan  < cos 

48. The value of sin–1(cos2) – cos–1(sin2) + tan–1(cot4) – cot–1(tan4) + sec–1(cosec6) – cosec–1(sec6) is

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 8 – 3 (D) 5 – 16

49. The range of f (x) = cot–1(–x) – tan–1 x + sec–1 x is

  3      3     3      3 
(A)   ,  (B)  ,     ,  (C)  ,  (D)  ,     , 
 2 2 2   2   2 2  2   2 

   2 
50. Let  = cot–1   ,  = sin–1   and  = sec–1   , then the correct order sequence is
3 4  3 
(A)  <  <  (B)  <  <  (C)  <  <  (D)  <  < 

   4 
51. Let f : R   0,  be defined as f (x) = sin–1  2  then f (x) is
 6  4 x  12 x  17 
(A) injective as well as surjective. (B) surjective but not injective.
(C) injective but not surjective. (D) neither injective nor surjective.

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5 2
52. If (sin–1a)2 + (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 + (cosec–1d)2 = , then the value of
2
(sin–1a)2 – (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 – (cosec–1d)2 is equal to
2 2
(A) – 2 (B)  (C) 0 (D)
2 2
2
53. Let f (x) =

 
sin 1 [ x ]  tan 1 [x ]  cot 1 [x ] where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x.
If A and B denote the domain and range of f (x) respectively, then the number of integers in
(A B), is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

  x  
54. Number of integral solutions of the equation sgn  sin 1    = 1, where [x] denotes the greatest
  6 
integer less than or equal to x and sgn x denotes signum function of x.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7

 1 x2 
55. The range of the function f (x) =  
cos 1 log 4 x 
2
 sin 1   is equal to

 4x 

        
(A)  0, 2  2  (B)  2 , 2  2  (C)  ,  (D)  
    6 2 6

56. Equation of the image of the line x + y = sin–1 (a6 + 1) + cos–1 (a4 + 1) – tan–1 (a2 + 1), a  R about x axis
is given by
 
(A) x – y = 0 (B) x – y = (C) x – y =  (D) x – y =
2 4

57. The roots of the equation x 3 – 10x + 11 = 0 are u, v, and w. The value of (tan–1u + tan–1v + tan–1w) equals
(A) – 1 (B) tan 1 1 (C) 1 (D) tan 1  1

58. If 3  a < 4 then the value of sin–1(sin [a]) + tan–1 (tan [a]) + sec–1 (sec [a]), where [x] denotes greatest
integer function less than or equal to x, is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 2 – 9 (C) 2 – 3 (D) 9 – 2

59. If f (x) = x11 + x9 – x7 + x3 + 1 and f (sin–1 (sin 8)) = , is constant, then f (tan–1 (tan 8)) is equal to
(A)  (B)  – 2 (C)  + 2 (D) 2 – 

   
60. The solution set of inequality (cot–1x) (tan–1x) +  2   cot–1x – 3tan–1x – 3  2   > 0, is
 2  2
(A) x (tan 2, tan 3) (B) x (cot 3, cot 2)
(C) x  (–  , tan 2) (tan 3, ) (D) x  (–  , cot 3) (cot 2, )
(E) x (– cot 2, – cot 3)

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1  33  1  46  1  13  1    19   a

61. If sin  sin   cos  cos   tan   tan   cot  cot  = , where a and b are
 7   7   8    8  b
in their lowest form, then (a + b) equals
(A) 17 (B) 20 (C) 23 (D) 28

62. Consider the cubic x3 – x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 where a, b and c are its roots and let w = tan–1a + tan–1b + tan–1c.
m
If the absolute value of sec  = where m and n are prime numbers, then the value of (m + n)
n
equals
(A) 13 (B) 31 (C) 29 (D) 63

x
1 y
63. If cos  sin 1 =  (a, b  0), then the maximum value of b2x2 +a2y2 + 2ab xy sin equals
a b
(A) ab (B) (a + b)2 (C) 2(a + b)2 (D) a2b2

64. Let g(x) = ax + b, where a < 0 and g is defined from [1,3] onto [0,2] then the value of
 
cot cos1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 ( | cos x |  | sin x |) is equal to
(A) g(1) (B) g (2) (C) g(3) (D) g(1) + g(3)

65. Domain of definition of the function f(x) = 3 cos1 (4x )   is equal to

 1 1 1  1 1  1
(A)  , (B)  , 1 (C)  , (D)   1,
4 8  8  8 4   8 

66. If a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c, then the value of a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x (whenever exists) is equal to
ab  c( b  a )  ab  c(a  b)
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
ab 2 ab

67. If 0 < cos–1 x < 1 and 1 + sin (cos–1 x) + sin2(cos–1 x) + sin3 (cos–1 x) + ........  = 2, then x equals
1 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 3

 3  3 6
68. If tan–1  x   – tan–1  x   = tan–1 , then the value of 5x8 – 4x4 + 7 equals
 x  x x
(A) 397 (B) 393 (C) 376 (D) 379

4 4 4 4
69. The value of tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 +........  equals
7 19 39 67
1 1
(A) tan 1 1 + tan 1 + tan 1 (B) tan–11 + cot 1 3
2 3
1 1
(C) cot1 1 + cot1 + cot1 (D) cot–11 + tan1 3
2 3

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70. Number of values of x satisfying the equation
 3 5   2 3  
tan–1  x  x  x  ...... + cot–1  x  x  x  ...... =
 4 16   2 4  2 for 0 < | x | < 2, is
   
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 sin 1 x 
71. If tan  = 1 then x is equal to

 5 
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) – (D) none
2 2


  n   n 1  
72. The value of   tan 1 n  2   tan 1 n  1   is equal to
n 1  

   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 3 2 4

PASSAGE 1
In  ABC as shown, XX1 = d1 ; XX2 = d2; XX3 = d3 and X is the centre of the circumscribed circle
A
around the ABC. a, b and c as usual are the sides BC, CA and AB respectively.
a b c  abc X3 X2
73. If      = , then the value of '' is equal to d2
 d1 d 2 d 3  d1d 2d 3 d3 X
d1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8 B C
X1
74. If R is the radius of the circumcircle of the ABC and a(d2 + d3) + b(d3 + d1) + c(d1 + d2) = kR(a + b + c)
then the value of 'k' is
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 2
2 3
75. Let ha, hb and hc are the altitudes of the ABC from the angular points A, B and C respectively.
If (a2 + b2 + c2) = t (had1 + hbd2 + hcd3) then 't' equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

PASSAGE 2
Let  and  are the roots of the equation x3 + 6x + 3 = 0
and  
A = cos1 sin (  ) 1  (   ) 1  (  ) 1 
 1          
B = cos  tan  sin    
   2 
C = sec–1 cos ec 1   1  1    .

76. If the range of the quadratic trinomial g (x) = x2 – 2Bx + k is [0, ), then range of k equals
(A) [1, ) (B) (1, ) (C) {1} (D) (– , 1]

77. The value of (5A + B – C) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 5 (D) 0

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(5A  C) x 5  6Bx 2
78. Range of the function f ( x )  , is
x 4  (B  1) x 3  1
(A) [3, ) (B) [0, 3] (C) [– 3, 3] (D) (– , )

PASSAGE 3
1
Let Pn(x) = (sinnx + cosnx)  n  N and
n
Q(m) = (cos 63°)m + (cos 57°)m + (cos 63°)m – 1 · (cos 57°)m – 1  m  N.
Also given log 2 = 0.3010; log 3 = 0.4771.

79. The value of log1. 3 Q(2)  is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) – 1


80. The value of 12P4 ( x )  P6 ( x )  at x = equals
10
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 1/12

100
8 
81. Number of zeroes after decimal before a significant figure start in  P2 ( x )  is
9 
(A) 30 (B) 31 (C) 35 (D) 36

PASSAGE 4
Consider XYZ whose sides x, y and z opposite to angular points X, Y and Z are in geometric progression.

82. If r be the common ratio of G.P. then

5 1 5 1 5 2 52
(A) <r< (B) <r<
2 2 2 2
5 1 5 1 5 2 52
(C) <r< (D) <r<
3 3 3 3

sin Y
83. The integral values of is
sin X
(A) prime only (B) even (C) composite (D) odd

sin Z
84. The maximum value of is
sin Y
(A) irrational number (B) rational number but not integer
(C) integer (D) not defined

PASSAGE 5
In ABC with internal angles A, B and C, points O, I and H respectively denotes circumcentre, incentre
and othercentre. Given that the points A, H, I, O and B are concyclic.
85. Angle C is equal to
   5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 12

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86. The ratio HI : IO equals
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
2

87. If AH = HI then the angles A, C and B are in arithmetic progression. The common difference of the A.P.
is
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
18 12 9 10

PASSAGE 6
An altitude BD and a bisector BE are drawn in a triangle ABC from the vertex B. It is known that the
length of side AC = 1, and the magnitude of the angles BEC, ABD, ABE, BAC from an arithmetic
progression.

88. The area of circle circumscribing ABC is

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
8 4 2

89. Let 'O' be the circumcentre of ABC, the radius of the circle inscribed in BOC, is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 3 4 3 2 3 2

90. Let B' be the image of point B with respect to side AC of ABC, then the length BB' is equal to
3 2 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 2

More then One Option are Correted.

91. The expression cos2 ( + +) + cos2(+) + cos2  – 2 cos  cos (+) cos( + +), is
(A) independent of  (B) independent on 
(C) dependent on only (D) dependent on and

sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
92. If + = , then which of the following is/aree TRUE?
5 4 9
4 4
(A) cot2x = (B) tan2x =
5 5
64 125 125 64
(C) 6 + 6 = 1458 (D) 6 + = 1458
cos x sin x cos x sin 6 x

93. The expression sin 4 (37.5)  4 cos2 (37.5)  cos4 (37.5)  4 sin 2 (37.5) simplifies to
(A) an irrational number
(B) a prime number
(C) a natural number which is not composite
(D) a real number of the form a  b where a and b are prime.

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1 1
94. Given sin  + sin  = and cos  + cos = then which of the following is/are CORRECT?
4 3
   4 – 263
(A) cos  (B) cos    
 2  5 288
24 8
(C) sin      (D) tan     
25 27

95. If (sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x)2 + (cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x)2 = 1 then cos x can have the value equal to
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) – 1/2 (D) – 1
n
1
96. Let fn() =  4n sin 4 (2n ) . Then which of the following alternative(s) is/are correct ?
n0

 1  2 2
(A) f2   = (B) f3   =
4 2 8 4
 3 
(C) f4   = 1 (D) f5() = 0
 2 

6 
 (n  1)   n 
97. If f() =  cosec    4 
 cosec     , where 0 <  < , then minimum value of f
 4  2
n 1
(A) lies between 3 and 4 (B) lies between 2 and 3
 
(C) occures when  = (D) occures when 
4 6
 2 3
98. Let E = cos2 + cos2 + cos2 . Then which of the following alternative(s) is/are incorrect?
7 7 7
1 3 3 3 3 7
(A) <E< (B) <E<1 (C) 1 < E < (D) <E<
2 4 4 2 2 4

99. Which of the following expression(s) have their value equal to unity?
(A) cos4  + 2 sin2  – sin4 
(B) sin2  cos2  + cos2  sin2  + sin2  sin2  + cos2  cos2 
(C) sin (285° – ) cos ( + 165°) + sin ( + 165°) cos ( – 285°)
sin 2  cos 2 
(D) (1 + cot2 ) + (1 + tan2 )
2 2
n
     
100. Let fn() =  tan 2n  sec 2n 1  Then which of the following alternative(s) is/are correct ?
n 1

 4 
(A) f3(2) = –1 (B) f4   = 2( 3  1)
 3 
(C) f5 (4) = 2 1 (D) f6 (48) = 1

101.  
Which of the following trigonometric ratio's can be equal to log 0. 5 (1.8)  log1.8 (0. 5 ) for some value
of 
(A) cot  (B) cos  (C) sec  (D) cosec 

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102. The value of x satisfying the equation ln (tan x) = 0, is/are
7 3 5 
(A) – (B) – (C) (D)
4 4 4 4

103. Which of the following identities wherever defined hold(s) good?

(A) (tan  + cot )2 = sec2 cosec2 (B) tan 3 – tan2 – tan  = tan 3 tan 2 tan 
cot 2   1    
(C) 2 = sec2 + cosec2 (D) tan     + tan     = 2 cosec2
1  sin  4  4 

3 3
104. The equation x3 – x=– is satisfied by
4 8
 5   7   23   17  
(A) x = cos   (B) x = cos   (C) x = cos   (D) x = cos  
 18   18   18   18 

105. The value of sin 27° – cos 27° is equal to

3 5 5 5 5 1 3 5
(A) – (B) – (C)  (D)
2 2 2 2 2

B C A
106. The base BC of ABC is fixed and the vertex A moves, satisfying the condition cot  cot  2 cot ,
2 2 2
then
(A) b + c = a (B) b + c = 2a
(C) vertex A moves on a straight line. (D) vertex A moves on an ellipse.

107. In ABC, D is a point on BC such that DB = 14, DA = 13 and DC = 4. If the circumcircle of the  ADB
is congruent to the circumcircle of the  ADC then which of the following is/are correct?
(A) angle B > 45° but angle C < 45° (B) both the angles B and C are greater than 45°
 24 
(C) area of the triangle is 108 sq. units (D) measure of angle A equal to tan–1  
 7 

C
108. In  ABC , if cos A + cos B = 4 sin2 , then which of the following hold(s) good?
2
A B A B
(A) cot cot = 2 (B) cot cot = 3
2 2 2 2
(C) a, c, b are in A.P. (D) a, b, c are in G.P.

109. In a AEX, T is the mid point of XE, and P is the mid point of ET. If the APE is equilateral of side
length equal to unity then which of the following alternative(s) is/are correct?
(A) AX = 13 (B) EAT = 90°
1 1
(C) cos  XAE = (D) AT =
13 3

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110. Which of the following expression(s) have their value equal to four times the area of the triangle ABC?
(All symbols used have their usual meaning in a triangle)

(a  b  c) 2
(A) rs + r1(s – a) + r2(s – b) + r3(s – c) (B)
A B C
cot  cot  cot
2 2 2
(C) (a2 + b2 – c2) tan B (D) b sin 2C + c2 sin 2B
2

111. Which of the following functions represent identical graphs in x-y plane  x  (2, 3)?
(A) y  cos 1 3  x (B) y  sin 1 x  2

1  3  x  1 1
(C) y  cot 
x  2

 2

(D) y  sin 2 (3  x )( x  2) 
 

1
112. Let A = cot–1 7 and B = tan–1 , then which of the following hold(s) good?
3
24 5 cos 2A 3
(A) cos 2A = (B) sec 2B = (C) =1 (D) cot 2B =
25 4 sin 4B 4

113. Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?

(A) Domain of y = cos–1(ex) is same as range of y = –  x .
(B) Number of elements common in the range of function y = tan–1(sgn x) and y = cot–1(sgn x) is only 1
(where sgn x denotes signum function of x.)
(C) The function y = sgn (cot–1x) and y = 1 are identical functions.
(D) Number of integers in the solution set of 1 < log2(tan–1x) < 2 is 4.

114. Let f : R  R defined by f (x) = cos–1 ( –{ – x }) where {x} is fractional part function. Then which of
the following is/are correct?
(A) f is many one but not even function. (B) Range of f contains two prime numbers.
(C) f is aperiodic. (D) Graph of f does not lie below x–axis.

5  25  9
115. In ABC, if B = sec 1    cos ec 1 5 , C = cosec–1   + cot–1   and c = 3.
4  7   13 
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(where all symbols used have their usual meanings in a triangle)
(A) tan A, tan B, tan C are in arithmetic progression.
5
(B) The distance between orthocentre and centriod of ABC is .
3
(C) Area of ABC is irrational.
(D) Radius of escribed circle drawn opposite to vertex A is rational.

1
116. Let function f (x) be defined as f (x) = | sin–1x | + cos–1   . Then which of the following is/are TRUE?
x
(A) f (x) is injective in its domain.
(B) f (x) is many-one in its domain.
(C) Range of f is a singleton set.
(D) sgn f ( x )  = 1 where sgn x denotes signum function of x.

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 x
117. The values of x for which the equation, 2 sin–1  sin  = x is valid?
 2
 
(A) for all x. (B) – 1  x  1 (C) –   x   (D) – x
4 4

3 2
118.    2
 
2
If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   2

4
, then the value of (x – y + z) can be

(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 3 (D) – 3

119. Let f(x) = sin–1 |sin x| + cos–1(cos x). Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE ?
(A) f f (3)  =  (B) f (x) is periodic with fundamental period 2.
(C) f (x) is neither even nor odd. (D) Range of f (x) is [0, 2]

120. If f(x) = sin–1 x · cos–1 x · tan–1 x · cot–1 x · sec–1 x · cosec–1 x, then which of the following statement(s)
hold(s) good ?
(A) The graph of y = f(x) does not lie above x axis.
3 6
(B) The non-negative difference between maximum and minimum value of the function y = f(x) is .
64
(C) The function y = f(x) is not injective.
(D) Number of non-negative integers in the domain of f(x) is two.

Subjective
11 11
2  r   r 
121. Let a =  tan   and b =
 24 
  1r 1 tan 2  24  then find the value of log(2b – a)(2a – b)
r 1 r 1

 2 4 7 
122. Let A denotes the value of expression 4  cos + cos – cos – cos  and B denotes
 15 15 15 15 
the value of 8 cot (), where tan , tan , tan  are the real roots of the cubic
x3 – 8(a – b) x2 + (2a – 3b) x – 4(b + 1) = 0. Find absolute value of (AB).

123. Points O, A, B, C ...... are shown in figure where OA = 2AB = 4BC = ....... so on. If A is the centroid of
7 5
a triangle whose orthocentre and circumcenter are (2, 4) and  ,  respectively. If an insect starts
2 2
moving from the point O(0, 0) along the straight line in zig-zag fashion and terminates ultimately at
point P() then find the value of ()

124. If 7 = 2, then find the absolute value of the expression y = sec  + sec 2 + sec 4.

125. The length of the legs of a right angled triangle are 1 and 2 . The smallest angle is . If the value of
p
cos 8 can be expressed in the lowest form as where p, q  N, then (p + q) equals
q

12   20  3 
126. If sin  = ,    ,   and cos  = ,   , 2  then the value of cosec( + ) can be
37 2  101  2 
p
expressed in the lowest form as (p, q  N) then find the value of (p + q).
q
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127. The reciprocal of the value of the product

 5   5   5   5   5   5 
sin  11  cos  11  cos  10  cos  9  ......... cos  3  cos  2  equals.
2  2  2  2  2  2 

11
128. L et A denotes the value of expression x 4 + 4x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 7, when x = cot and B denotes the
8
1  cos 8 1  cos8
value of the expression 2 + , when x = 9°. Find the value of (AB).
tan 4 cot 2 4

 1 2 cos  4 cos 3 8 cos 7 16 cos15

129. If  = then find value of S = + + + +
31 cos  cos 2 cos 4 cos 8 cos16

 4   4    4  
3
130. If Sn =  1  tan  1  tan .........
 1  tan Lim
 then find n  
 23  24   2n  Sn

131. In ABC, circumradius is 3 and inradius is 1.5 units. If the value of a cot2A + b2cot3B + c3cot4C
is m n where m and n are prime numbers, then find the value of (m + n).

132. The perimeter of a right triangle is 12 + 8 3 . The sum of the square of all three sides is 294 sq. units.
If the area of the triangle in square units is , then find 2.

133. If circumradius and inradius of ABC be 10 and 3 respectively, then find the value of
a cotA + b cotB + c cotC.

134. The altitudes from the angular points A,B and C on the opposite sides BC, CA and AB of ABC
m
are 210, 195 and 182 respectively. If the length of the side BC can be expressed as rational
n
(in the lowest form ), then find (m + n).

135. In  ABC, if C = 3A, BC = 27 and AB = 48, then find the length of the side AC.

136. The ratios of the lengths of the sides BC and AC of  ABC to the radius of circumscribed circle are
3
equal to 2 and respectively. If the ratio of the lengths of the bisectors of the interior angles B and C
2

is

  1 
where , ,   N, then find the value of ( +  + )
 

137. Tangents parallel to the three sides of  ABC are drawn to its incircle. If x, y, z be the lengths of the
x y z
parts of the tangents within the triangle (with respect to the sides a, b, c) then find the value of   .
a b c

138. Let the lengths of the altitudes drawn from the vertices of a  ABC to the opposite sides
are 2, 2 and 3. If the area of  ABC is  then find the value of 2 2  .

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139. Line l is a tangent to a unit circle S at a point P. Point A and the circle S are on the same side of l, and the
distance from A to l is 3. Two tangents from point A intersect line l at the point B and C respectively. Find the
value of (PB)(PC).

140. A circle is inscribed in a triangle with sides of lengths 3, 4 and 5. A second circle, interior to the triangle,
is tangent to the first circle and to both sides of the larger acute angle of the triangle. If the radius of teh
sin k
second circle can be expressed in the form where k and w are in degrees and lie in the interval (0,
cos w
90°), find the value of k + w.

10
 3  m
141. If  tan 1 9r 2  3r  1  = cot 1 n  (where m and n are coprime), then find (2m + n).
r 1

142. Find the value of

[cos1– cos–11] – [sin1– sin–11]+[tan1– tan–11] – [cot1– cot–11]+[sec1 – sec–11] – [cosec1 – cosec–11]
where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x.

143. If range of the function f(x) = sin–1x + 2 tan–1x + x2 + 4x + 1 is [p, q] then find the value of (p + q).

1 100    1 1  1    1 1  1  
144. Find the value of   tan   cos     tan   cos    .
2 n  1  4 2  n  4 2  n  

145. Let , ,  and  be the roots of equation x4 – 3x3 + 5x2 – 7x + 9 = 0. If the value of
a
| tan (tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 ) | =
b
where a and b are coprime to each other, then find the value of (ab + ba + aa + bb + ab).

146. How many terms of the sequence cot–1 3, cot–1 7, cot–1 13, cot–1 21, ..................must be taken to have
1  24 
their sum equal to cos–1  .
2  145 

147. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ( > ) then find the value of

3  1 1    3  1 1  
f (, ) = cosec2  tan  + sec2  tan .
2 2  2 2  

 
148. Consider the curve y = tan–1x and a point A 1,  on it. If the variable point Pi (xi, yi) moves on the
 4
r
 1 
curve for i = 1, 2, 3, ..... n (n  N) such that yr =  tan 1 2m 2  and B(x, y) be the limiting position of
m 1
variable point Pn as n  , then the value of reciprocal of the slope of AB will be

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n  
x
149. Let R denotes the value of f ' (2) where f (x) = Lim
n 
 tan 1 n (n  1)  x 2 
n 1  
S denotes the sum of all the values of x satisfying the equation
6
tan–1(x + 1) + tan–1(x – 1) = tan–1   .
 17 
1
T denotes the value of the expression 2 sin x + cos x + 4 tan x where x = 2 tan–1  
3
Find the value of 5R + 6S + 7T.

1 1 1 1 1 1

150. If A = cot–1   + cot–1   + cot–1   and B = 1 cot–1(1) + 2 cot–1(2) + 3 cot–1(3) then | B – A |
1 1 2  2 3 3
a c
is equal to + cot–1(3) where a, b, c, d  N and are in their lowest form, Find (a + b + c + d).
b d

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DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Only One Option Correct
1. If the function f  x   x 3  2bx 2  x  d , is monotonically increasing, then the range of
3 3
 sin 1 b   cos 1 b 
    is
     

 1 13   1 1  1 7
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d) none of these
 32 24   32 24  8 8

 
2. lim x  x  x  x  x  x  x  is equal to
x   
 
1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 2

tan  e 2x 1  1
3. If lim = a, then x 3  3ax 2  24a 2 x  28  0 has
ln x  ln 2
x 1/ 2

(a) 1 real & 2 imaginary roots (b) 3 real & equal roots
(c) three real & distinct roots (d) 2 real & equal & 1 distinct roots

1  3  1  4 3  dy
If y  tan  log  ex6   e / x    tan  log  e/x12   e x   then
2
4. is equal to
    dx
1
(a) 3tan–1(log x) (b) 0 (c) (d) none of these
2
2
2 1/2 2 1/ 2
d 2 y  dy 
5. If  y  x
2
  y  x
2
 1/ 2
 2 , then y 2    =
dx  dx 
(a) 3x 2  x 6 (b) 3x 2  2x 6 (c) 3x 2  x 6 (d) x 2  2x 6

 2 1 
x   , x  0
6. If f  x     x 2  , where {x} denotes proper fractional part in the value of x, then which of
 0 , x0

the following is correct?
(a) f is discont. at 0 (b) f is cont. but nondiff. at 0
(c) f ’(0) = 0 (d) f ‘(0) exists but can’t be determined

7. Number of points of extremum of f  x   ln x  8bx  8x 2 in  0,   , is

(a) 0 if b > 1 (b) 1 if b = 1 (c) 2 if b > 1 (d) 2 if b < 1

8. Let 2f  x  2   2f  x  2   6f  x  for all real x , then f(x) is periodic with period

(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 16

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9. If f is a t wice differentiable function such that f (0) = 4, then the value of

2f (sin x)  3f (sin 2x)  f (sin 4x)
lim is equal to
x 0 x2
(a) 12 (b) 2 (c) 11 (d) none of these

10. The equation of the normal to the curve x4 = 4y through the point (2, 4) is
(a) x + 8y = 34 (b) x  8 y + 30 = 0 (c) 8x  2y = 0 (d) 8x + y = 20


 1 
11. The value of  ln 1  n 2  equals
n 2
(A) – ln 3 (B) 0 (C) – ln 2 (D) – ln 5

12. Suppose that f is a twice differentiable real valued function such that f”(x) > 0 for all x in [a, b]. Value of c
in [a, b] at which the area between y = f(x), the tangent to the curve at x = c and the ordinates x = a &
x = b is minimum, is
(a) (a + b)/2 (b) (a b)/2 (c) 3(a + b)/2 (d) 3(a b)/2

13. Let f  x  y  f  x  y   f 2  x  , f  0   0 & f '  0  f  0   0 . Number of points of extremum of f(x) is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

14. Let a real valued fumction satisfies, 10f  x  ln f  x   x3 for all positive x . Number of solutions of

f  x   f 1  x  , x  A , where A is the set of values of x for which f(x) is invertible, is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

15. If x 1  f (x)  f (x) 1  x  0 , then f(x) has

(a) exactly one local min. (b) exactly one local max.
(c) no extremum (d) exactly one minimum and two maxima

16. Let f(x) = (x 1)n (x 2)m, where m & n both are even natural numbars. f(x) has
(a) exactly one local minimum (b) exactly one local maximum
(c) exactly one maximum and two minima (d) exactly one minimum and two maxima

2 16
Least value of the function, f  x   2  3 
x
17. 2 is
2x  1
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 1

18. The set of values of p for which both the extrema of the function, f  x   x 3  3px 2  3  p 2  1 x  1 lie in
the interval ( 2, 4) is
(a) ( 3, 5) (b) ( 3, 3) (c) ( 1, 3) (d) ( 1, 5)

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19. Let f : [0,  )  R be a continuous and strictly increasing function such that
3 x 2
f  x    t.f  t  dt, x  0 . The area enclosed by y = f (x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 3, is
0

3
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
2

p x
 ; x2
20. Consider the function f  x    x  2 where P(x) is a polynomial such that f”’(x) = 0 everywhere
 7 ; x2

and p(3) = 9. If f (x) is continuous at x = 2, then p(x) is
(a) 2x2 + x + 6 (b) 2x2 – x – 6 (c) x2 + 3 (d) x2 – x + 7

1 1
21.
4
2
2
2
  
Let g  x   f 2x  5  f 7  x x  R, where f "  x   0  x  R , g (x) is necessarily

increasing in the interval

(a)  2, 2  (b)  2, 0    2,  
(c)  , 2   0, 2 (d)  , 2    2,  

22. A real valued function satisfies f  x   f  y   x 2  y 2 , x, y  R , then lim f '  x  =

x0
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) Does not exist

23. Let a & b be integers satsfying a b  ba , 0  a  b . Number of ordered pairs (a, b) is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) more than 2

 f  x, t 
24. Let f : R  R be a continuous bounded function and g  x    dt , then g(x) is
1  t2
(a) continuous everywhere
(b) differentiable everywhere
(c) discontinuous at a finite number of points
(d) nondiferentiable at at least one point

25. Let f & g be two functions both being defined from R  R as follows :
x x x for x  0
f(x) = and g(x) =  2 , then
2 x for x  0
(a) fog is defined but gof is not
(b) gof is defined but fog is not
(c) both gof & fog are defined but they are unequal
(d) both gof & fog are defined and they are equal function

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(x  1)n
26. Let g(x) = ; 0 < x < 2 and m and n are integers, m > 0, n > 0, and let p be the left
log cosm (x  1)
hand derivative of |x – 1| at x = 1. If lim g(x)  p then
x 1

(a) n = 1, m = 1 (b) n = 1, m – 1 (c) n = 2, m = 2 (d) n > 2, m = n

1  e f ( x)  2a 
27. Consider a real valued function f(x) such that f ( x)
 x . If f(x) satisfies 2 f  a   f  2 
,
1e 1 a 
then a must lie in
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 0) (c) (0, 1) (d)  , 1  1,  

3 d2 y
28. If y = x + x + 1, then 4y
2 2
is equal to
dx 2
(a) 1 (b) –3 (c) 3 (d) 0

log e (1  3f (x))
29. y = f(x) is a continuous function such that its graph passes through (a, 0). Then lim is
x a 2f (x)
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3/2 (d) 2/3

30. If a positive costant ‘t’ satisfies ex  x t for all positive x, then

(a) t < e (b) t > e (c) t > 1/e (d) none of these

1
31. If the function, f(x) = (cot a) x2 + 2  
sin a x +
2
tan a , f : R   ,0  , is an onto
function, then the set of values of a in [0, 2 ] is

5 11  11 
(a)  6 ,  (b)  6 , 2  (c)  6 , 2  (d) none of these

 x  1  x2   1 1 
32. Range of the function , f  x   sin x  sin 
1 1
, f : R    ,  R,
 2   2 2
 
(a) contains exactly one element (b) contains exactly two elements
(c) is an infinite set (d) none of these

33. A real valued function satisfies f  x   x  n if n  x  n  1, n  Z , then f  sin x  is

periodic with period
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) non periodic

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34. The latus rectum of the conic passing through the origin and having the property that normal
at each point (x, y) intersects the x  axis at ((x + 1), 0) is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) none

[x]2  sin[x]
 for[x]  
35. If  [x]
 0 for[x]  0


where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then lim f (x) equals
x 0

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) does not exist

tan[e 2 ]x 3  tan[e2 ]x 3
36. Let f(x) = , x  0, the value of f(0) for which f(x) is continuous is
sin 3 x

(a) 15 (b) 12 (c) –12 (d) 14

2 3 n dy(n)
37. If y  n   e x .e x .e x ...e x , 0 < x < 1. Then nlim at x = 1/2 is
 dx

(a) e (b) 4e (c) 2e (d) 3e

38. If f: R  R is a function such that f(x) = x3 + x2 f(1) + xf(2) + f(3) for x  R then the value of f (2) is

(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) –2

39. The following table gives values of a real function for some values of x in [-4, 4]

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

f(x) -1 1 -1 0 1 0 -1 1 -1

2
Minimum possible number of roots of the equation  f  x   1 f " x    f  x   2   f "  x    0 , is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3

x3
S (x)
 Let S (x) =  l n t d t (x > 0) and H (x) = . Then H (x) is
x2
x

(a) continuous but not derivable in its domain

(b) derivable and continuous in its domain
(c) neither derivable nor continuous in its domain
(d) discontinuous at finite number of points

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41.
2
 
A real valued function satisfies 4f  x  1  f  x   2x  sin 2x . The complete interval in which f(x) is
monotonically increasing, is
(a) 0,   (b) 0,2  (c)  ,   (d) R

3 3

 Let f : [2,7] [0,) be a continuous and differentiable function. Then

 f 7   f  2 , for some
3
k   2,7  , is equal to
2 2
(a) 5  f  k   f '  k  (b) 5f  k  f '  k  (c) 3  f  k   f '  k  (d) none of these

x
1/ 2 g ''  x 
43. 
If f  x    1  t 3  dt and g (x) is the inverse of f, then the value of g 2 x , g '  x   0 , is
 
0
(a) 3/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/2

44. If f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) – xy – 1 for all x, y and f(1) = 1, then the number of solutions of f(n) = n, n 
N is
(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) none

45. If k is positive integer and x1 , x2 , x3 ,....., xn , xn 1 are any (n+1) consecutive discontinuities of the function
f ( x )   sin 4( x  k )  , ([.]denotes G.I.F) then n  tan x1 tan x2  tan x3 tan x4  ......  tan xn tan xn 1 is
equal to
n n
(A) sec x1 sec xn1 sin (B) cos ecx1 cos ecxn 1 sin
4 4
n n
(C) sec x1 sec xn 1 cos (D) cos ecx1 cos ecxn1 cos
4 4
2 2
46. A real valued function satisfies 2 f  x  y   f  x   f  y    f  y   f  x   for all real values of x & y,,
then f must be
(a) Odd (b) One-One (c) even (d) none

47. Given f (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d such that x = 0 is the only real root of f ’(x) = 0.
If f (1) < f (1), then in the interval [1, 1]
(a) neither f (1) is the minimum nor f (1)is the maximum of f
(b) f(0) is the maximum & f (1) is the minimum of f
(c) f(0) is the minimum & f (1) is the maximum of f
(d) f (1) is the minimum & f (1) is the maximum of f
f x
48. If lim f  x  exists and is finite but f(x) is discontinuous at a, then what will be lim given that
x a x a f a 
|f(x)| is continuous at x = a?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) none of these

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a b
49. Let a + b = k, a < k/2 & g’(x) > 0. If f  b  a    g 1  x  dx   g 1  x  dx , then f(x) is
0 0

(a) an increasing function (b) a decreasing function

(c) has one point of extremum (d) has two points of extremum

x 2 y2
50. Let N be the foot of perpendicular drawn from the origin O on to a tangent to the ellipse   1 at a
25 9
point P on the curve. Maximum area of triangle OPN is
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c)  (d) 2

For the Following Questions One or More than One option(s) is/are Correct

 1
51. Let f  x   x ln  1   , 0  x   , then which of the following is correct
 x
(a) f is strictly increasing (b) lim f  x   0
x0

(c) lim f  x   1 (d) f has exactly one point of extremum

x 

52. For all a, b  R the function f (x) = 3x4  4x3 + 6x2 + ax + b

(a) has exactly one local extremum (b) has no point of inflexion
(c) has two points of inflexion (d) has three points of local extremum

4  x2 , x0

53. let f  x    2  3x , 0  x  1 , which of the following is correct about f(x)
2x  4 , x 1

(a) x = 1 is a point of local minimum (b) x = 0 is a point of local maximum
(c) f has no local extremum (d) f  x   3x has 2 real roots

54. A real valued nonzero function satisfies f  x   f  x  y  f   y  , f '  0   1 , then which of the following
may be correct
(a) f '  x  f   x   1 (b) f  x  f   x   1 (c) f  x  f   x   1 (d) f '  x   f  x 

dy sin 2 x
55. A function y = f(x) satisfying the differential equation sin x y cos x + 2 = 0 is such that, y
dx x
0 as x  , then
 /2

(a) Limit
x  0 f(x) = 1 (b)  f(x) dx is less than
0 2
 /2
(c)  f(x) dx is greater than unity (d) f(x) is an even function
0

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  x x
 x x   a 
 a   
x x
56. If f  x   a  , g x   a
  
for a > 0, a  1 and x  R, where { } & [ ] denote the
fractional part and integral part functions respectively, then which of the following statements holds
ln  f  x    ln  g  x  
good for the function h  x   .
ln a
(a) ‘h’ is even (b) ‘h’ is decreasing
(c) ‘h’ is odd (d) ‘h’ increasing

57. Let h  x   f  x   f 2  x   f 3  x  for every real value of x & f(x) is monotonically increasing &
ONTO function for all x, then
1
(a) h(x) is increasing for f 1  1  x  f 1  
3
1
(b) h(x) is increasing for f  x   1 or f  x  
3
(c) h(x) has exactly two points of extrema
(d) h(x) has exactly one point of inflexion

 7
 max f  t  ,1  t  x , if 1  x  2
58. Let f  x   2x 3  15x 2  36x  23 & g  x    . Which of the
 7
12  2x, if  x  6
 2
following is correct about g(x).
(a) Continous everywhere
(b) Differentiable everywhere
(c) has greatest value 5
(d) has least value 0

2
59. Let f  x   x  1  3 , then the point(s) where f(x) is non differentiable is/are
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 1

2 1
60. Let f  x   f '  x   e  x  f  x   , f  0   , 2  x   . Which of the following is correct?
2
(a) least value of f is 1/e (b) f(x) = x has two solutions
(c) greatest value of f is e (d) f(x) is a One - One function

61. Let f : R  R satisfies f  f  x   f  y    f  f  x    2x 2 f  y   f  y 2  where f(x) is not identically zero

everywhere. f(x) can not be
(a)  (b)  (c) Monotonic (d) MANY - ONE

62. Least value of f(x) = |px – 1| + 2|x|, x  R, p > 0 is

(A) 1 if p  2 (B) 2/p if p > 2 (C) 1 if p  2 (D) 2/p if p < 2

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e ax  e x  x
63. If L = lim exists and is a non-zero finite number, then
x 0 x2
(a) a=1 (b) a=2 (c) L=2 (d) L = 3/2

 3 
64. Which of the following is a tangent to y  1  2e x drawn from   ,0 
 2 
(a) 2x  y  3  0 (b) 2x  y  3  0 (c) 4x  y  6  0 (d) 4x  y  6  0

65. Consider the function f  x   cos 1  8x 4  8x 2  1 , f :  1,1   0,  .

(a) f(x) is not differentiable at 3 points (b) f(x) has 3 points of local extrema in (-1, 1)
(c) f(x) = cos x has 4 solutions (d) f(x) is increasing in (0, 1)

66. f(x) is a polynomial function f : R  R such that f  2x   f '  x  .f ''  x  . Which of the following is
correct?
(a) f(x) is ONE-ONE (b) f(3) = 12
(c) f(x) = x has three roots (d) f(x) is INTO

n
 x  g x  lim 1  x  x n e n
67. Let f  x   lim  cos
n  
 ,   n 
n 
  & h(x) = tan  g1 1 1
f  x  .


ln  f  x   1
lim
(a) x  0 ln g x =  (b) g(x) > 0
   2
 
(c) 0  f  x   1 (d)   h x 
2 2

x
68. Let ' f ' be a real valued function defined on the interval  0,  by f  x   ln x   1  sin t dt .
0
Then which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
(a) f '  x  exists for all x   0,   & f ' is continuous, but not differentiable on  0,  

(b) f " x  exists for all x in  0,  

(c) There exists   1 such that f '  x   f  x  for all x   ,  

(d) There exists   0 such that f  x   f '  x    for all x   0,  

1
tan x
69. If f  x  
x
 
then lim  f  x    x 2 f  x   (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function and
x 0
{.} denotes fractional part).
(a) 3 (b) ln 3 (c) e3 (d) doesn’t exist

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70. If f : R  R, f(x) is a differentiable bijective function, Then which of the following may be true?
(a) (f(x) – x) f(x) < 0  x R
(b) (f(x) – x) f(x) > 0  x R
(c) If (f(x) – x) f(x) > 0, then f(x) = f–1(x) has no solution
(d) If (f(x) – x) f(x) > 0, then f(x) = f–1(x) has at least one real solution

71. Let 5x 2  4xy  y 2  1 & z 2  x 2  y 2 , x  y  0 . Which of the following is correct?

(a) minumum value of z is 2  1 (b) maximum value of z is 2  1

2 1 2 1
(c) z is increasing for x < (d) z is increasing for x >
2 2 2 2

ax 2  bx  c x  1
72. Let   
f x  . If f(x) is differentiable at x = 1, then
 2ax  b x 1
(a) minimum of f is a when a > 0
(b) maximum of f is a when a < 0
(c) f increases, when x and a have same sign
(d) f decreases when x and a have same sign

max{f (t) / 0  t  x, 0  x  3
73. Let f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x – 3 and g(x)   , then
 4  x, 3 x 4
(a) maximum of g(x) is 1 (b) minimum of g(x) is 0
(c) g(x) is not differentiable at x = 1 (d) g(x) is continuous everywhere

x
74. Let f  x   
1 x
 sin  t 2   dt. Then

3
(a) f ' 1  (b) xlim f ' x   0
2 0

3
(c) lim f '  x   0 (d) f ' 1  sin1
x  2

75. If f  x    1  x  2 , 0  x  4 and g  x   2  x ,  1  x  3 then at x = 0,  fog  x  is

(a) discontinuous (b) continuous
(c) differentiable (d) non differentiable

Paragraph : I
 ax 2  b, x  1
Let f :[ 2, 2]  R , given by the derivative of function g(x) =  2 , be every
bx  ax  4, x  1
where continuous then answer the following questions
76. Value of (a, b) must be
(a) (2, 3) (b) (2, 3) (c) (2, 3) (d) none of these

77. For the above values of (a, b), minimum value of g(x) is
(a) 5 (b) 11/3 (c) 1 (d) none of these

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78. Number of integral values of  for which the equation f(x) =  has a solution, for the above values of
(a, b), is
(a) 22 (b) 24 (c) 23 (d) 15

Paragraph : II
To find the point of contact P  x1 , y1  of a tangent to the graph of y = f (x) passing through origin O, we
equate the slope of tangent of y = f (x) at P to the slope of OP. Hence we solve the equation
x1 f '  x1   f  x1  to get x1 and y1. Now consider the equation |ln mx| = px.

79. The given equation has a single root for (m > 0)

(a) 0 < p < m/e (b) p > m/e (c) 0 < p < e/m (d) p > e/m

80. The given equation has exactly two roots for (m < 0)
(a) p = m/e (b) p = e/m (c) p  e/m (d) p  m/e

81. The given equation has exactly three roots for (m > 0)
(a) p < m/e (b) e/m < p < 0 (c) 0 < p < m/e (d) p < e/m

Paragraph : III

If f be a twice differentiable function such that f ”(x) > 0 x  R . Let h (x) be defined by

h (x) = f (sin2 x) + f (cos2 x) where, | x | < .
2

82. The number of critical points of h(x) are

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) more than 3

83. Interval of values of x for which h(x) is increasing, is

       
(a)   ,  (b)   ,     , 
 4 4  2 4 4 2
         
(c)   , 0    ,  (d)   ,     0, 
 4  4 2  2 4  4

Paragraph : IV

Let f :  2 , 2    R be defined as f(x) = x + cos x – a.

84. f(x) is increasing in (exhaustive interval)

 3 
(a)  2, 0 (b)  0, 2 (c)  2, 2 (d)  , 2 
 2 

85. The set of values of ‘a’ for which f(x) = 0 has only one positive root , is
(a) 1  2, 1 (b) 1,1  2  (c)  1,1  2  (d) 1  2,1

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86. The set of values of ‘a’ for which f(x) = 0 has only one negative root , is
(a) 1  2, 1 (b) 1,1  2  (c)  1,1  2  (d) 1  2,1

Paragraph : V
x

Let f(x) be a polynomial with positive leading coefficient satisfying f(0) = 0 & f (f (x))  x  f (t) dt  x  R .
0

87. Two perpendicular tangents to the curve y = f(x) will intersect on the curve/line
3 3 2 3x
(a) x2 + y2 = 3 (b) y  (c) y   (d) y 
4 4 16

88. If a line having slope 1 and passing through ( , 0) neither cuts nor touches the curve y = f(x) . then the value
of  must lie in the interval.
 3   3 3   3 
(a) (1, ) (b)  4 ,   (c)  ,   (d)   ,  
   4  4
 

Paragraph : VI
x2
2
Let f be a non-negative real valued function satisfying  1  t  f '  t   dt  2x 2f (x) for 2  x   &
2

3
f (4)  .
4

89. Range of f(x), is

 1 1 
(a)  0,   (b)  0,  (c)  ,   (d) none
 2 2 

90. Range of values of a such that the equation f(x) = ax has a solution, must be
 1 1   1 1  1 1
(a)   ,  (b)   ,  (c)   ,  (d) none
 4 4 2  4 4  8 8

Paragraph : VII
 x  2 2  x  0  x  2 5  x  3
 
Consider f  x   2x  2 0  x  1 and g  x    x  1 3  x  1 .
2  2x 1  x  3 2x  2 1  x  1
 

91. Range of fog is

(a)  4, 2 (b)  4, 3 (c)  4, 0 (d)  4, 3
92. If fog = gof , then the set of values of x is
(a)  1, 3 (b) 2, 0, 1 (c) {1} (d)  2, 2

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Paragraph : VIII
Let 4f  sin x   3f  cos x   x, 1  x  1 .
93. Range of f(x) is
 5 2    3 3   5 5 
(a)  7 , 7  (b)  7 , 7  (c)  7 , 7  (d) none
     

94. Value of f  sin x   f  cos x  is

  3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 14 14 7

 2 
95. f 1  x   is equal to
 7 
(a) sin x (b) cos x (c) - sin x (d) - cos x

Matrix Match :

96. COLUMN – I COLUMN – II

(A) The function y defined by the equation xy – ln y = 1 (p) 24
satisfy x(yy + y2) + kyy = 0. the value of k is
t/ 2
(B) If the function y(x) represented by x = sint, y = ae  be t / 2 , (q) 1/2
  
t    ,  satisfies the equation (1 – x2)y – xy = ky,,
 2 2
then k is equal to

(C) Let F(x) = f(x)g(x)h(x) for all real x, where f(x), g(x) and h(x) are (r) 1
differentiable functions. At some point x0, if F(x0) = 21F(x0),
f(x0) = 4f(x0), g(x0) = –7g(x0) and h(x0) = kh(x0) then
k is equal to

(D) Let f(x) = xn, n being an integer greater than 2. The least integral (s) 3
value of b/a for which the inequality f '(a  b)  f '( a)  f '(b)
is valid for all b, a > 0 is

97. COLUMN – I COLUMN – II

lim [(x5 + 7x4 + 2) x] is finite & non zero.
(A) x (p) 2
Value of the limit is
cos ec x
 3 
(B) lim    ek , then k = (q) 1/12
x 0  1  4  x 
 
(C) The greatest value of f(x) = (x + 1)1/3 (x1)1/3 (r) 7/5
on [0, 1] is
(D) minimum value of the function f : R  R , (s) none
f(x) = x(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) is

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98. Column I Column II
1
 
1  a 3  8e x
2
(A) If a, b  Z & lim 1 (p) 3
x 0

1 2  b  b 2
 ex

then the value of a 2  b 2 is

n
1  e3x e9x e 27x ...e3 x

(B) lim x/3 x/9 x/27 x /3n

 3 10 , (q) 2
x 01  e e e ...e
then n  Z is
(C) The number of integral values in the range of (r) 11
f  x   1  sin x    cos x  1   tan 1 x  , for
x   0, 2 , Where . denotes the G.I.F. is
d 1
(D) If f (x)  (2x  )3  2x  cos x, and
dx

f (x)  (s) 4

at x   is

99. Column I Column II

(A) A real valued function f(x) satisfies (p) 3
 x  y  2f (x)  2f (y)  4
f  for all
 3  6
real x & y. If f '(0)  2 , then f(2) =
(B) The least values of , (q) 1
4 4

f x 
 2  4  x2    2  4  x2 
2
(C) Let f(x) be a differentiable non zero function (r) 1/4
1
satisfying f ' 1  & 4f  xy   f  x  f  y  .
4
d 1
The value of
dx
 
f  x  at x = 4 is

 n 1, m0

f  m,n    f  m 1,1 , m  0,n  0,m,n  Z
(D) (s) 2
f  m 1,f  m,n 1  , m  0,n  0

f(1, 1) is equal to

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100. Column I Column II
2
 xe x , x0
(A) f x   is (p) [0, 1/3]
2 2 3
a x  2ax  x , x 0

 1
increasing in  1,  , then set of values of a
 3
 p5  3
(B) f (x)    1 x  3x  log 5 is (q) (1, 4]
 1 p 
 
decreasing for all x, then values of p
(C) f (x)  sin 2 x    2  2  1 sin x , where (r) 1, 3)
 
  x  . If f (x ) has exactly one local
2 2
exremum, then the set of values of 

(D) values of ‘a’ for which one negative and two (s)  1, 0  1, 2 
positive real roots of the equation
x3 – 3x + a2 a = 0 are possible

101. Column I Column II

 x2
  loge x  ,1  x  3
(A) For   
f x  x  2 (p) 0
x 2  , 7
3x 
 2
number of points of discontinuity is
 1
 1 
 2  sin  e x if x0
(B) For   
f x  x (q) 5

 0 if x0
number of points of extremum is

(C)  2
number of points at f  x   max 3  x ,3  x
3
 (r) 2
is not differentiable
  1 
(D) 2 lim x 2  1  2  3  .......     =, where [x] (s) 1
 
 x 
x 0

denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x

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102. Column - I Column - II

4  x2 , x0

(A) f  x    2  3x, 0  x  1 (p) f(x) is ONE - ONE & ONTO
2x  4, x 1


(B) f : R  R, f  x   x 3  x 2  4x  sin x (q) f(x) has exactly one local extremum

2 1 1
(C) f '  x   3x sin  x cos , x  0, (r) x = 0 is a point of local maximum
x x
f  0   0  f 1 /  

(D) f  x   3x 4  4 x 3  6 x 2  b , b R (s) f(x) is continuous at x = 0

103. Column - I Column - II

(A) Let f : RR be such that f(1) = 3 & f(1) = 6 (p) 1/2

1/ x
lim  f (1  x) 
and x 0    ek , then k is
 f (1) 

lim 1  x  x 2  ex
(B) x 0 = (q) 
x2

xf (x)  sin x 1 f (x)  x 2  1

(C) lim  , then lim = (r) 2
x 0 x 2 sin x 3 x 0 x sin x

2e1/ x  3e1/ x
(D) lim  (s) limit does not exist
x 0 e1/ x  e 1/ x

Reasoning and Assertion

104. Statement-1 : Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. If a, b, c  A , then the probability that

3
 a x  b x  cx x 1
Lim  = 6 is
 .
x 0
 3  36

3
x x x
 a  a 2  a3 x
Statement-2 : Lim  1  = a a a , where a > 0, a > 0, a > 0.
 1 2 3 1 2 3
x 0
 3 

(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
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105. Let f  x  , 0  x   , be a continuous & differentiable function with f(0) = 0, and let
f ‘(x) be an increasing function of x for R+.
f x
 , x0
Statement - I : g  x    x is an increasing function of x.
f '  0  , x  0


Satement - II : For an infinitesimally small real number h, f  h   f  0   h f '  0 

(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of Statement I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

For the following questions answers are integers.

106. The slope of the tangent to curve y = f (x) at any of its point is given by 2x  4. If the curve passes
through the point (2 , 12) then 3 times the area of the region bounded by the curve , the x-axis & the line
x + 1 = 0 is ?
sin x
 1 
 lim  sin x  x  sin x
1 x 
107. The value of e  x 0  x   lim x
x 1  is?
 
2
108. If y = (1 + 1/x)x then 2  y '  y'  2 yy" , at x = 1, is equal to ?
e

109. Let A, O, B & C be fixed points on a straight line such that OA = OB = BC = 1. A semicircle is drawn
on AB as diametre and a variable point P is chosen on the circumference such that POC   . If The

value of  for which the area enclosed as Region (APCBA) is maximum is , then k = ?
k

110. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48 on the set A = {x| x2 + 20  9x} is

  n n n 
111. lim  lim    ...  2  ?
2
x  0 n  1  n x
 
2 2
4 n x 2
n  n x  
2 2

f  x  f a
112. Let f (x) be a polynomial of least possible degree such that lim 3 is finite non zero and
x a
 x  a
1 14
f (-2) = 0, f ’(-1) =0, f ’(1/3) = 0, f ”(-1) < 0 & f ”(1/3) > 0. If  f  x  dx  3 , then the
1

f 10 
value of is?
546
113. The least positive values of the parameter 'a' for which the function
f(x) = 8ax a sin 6xsin 5x 7x , increases & has no critical points for all x R, is?

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1 | x |, | x | 1
114. Let f (x) =  and g (x) = f (x – 1) + f (x + 1). Then the number of points where g is not
0, | x | 1
differentiable is

3/2 2
1
115. If f  x   a cos   x   b, f '     and  f  x  dx    1 , then find the value of,
2 1/2

12

  1 1
sin a  cos b . 
116. Let f (x) be a differentiable function such that f '(0)  1 , and the sequence {an } is defined as a1  2 and
2 9
lim 2  a   k
an  x f  n 1   f (0)  , n  N if  ai  22 1 then k is?
x     x   i 1

2 3
117. Let f  x   x 3  3x 2  2x , then find the number of solutions of f  x   k , such that 0  k  , is?
9

4x 4x
118. Normal to the curve y = f(x) at (1, 1) is 3x + 4y = 7. Also f  x   for x  1 and f  x   for x  1 ,
3 3
3f '  x   2f  x   2x
where f(x) is twice differentiable everywhere in its domain. Evaluate lim .
x 1 f x  x2

 x
119. If f  x, y   f  xy,  for all nonzero real x & y and f(k, 1) = 4 for all integral values of k, then find
 y
f (256, 256).

120. Let f (x)  x3 12x2  3ax  2 . If the largest possible interval in which f(x) is a decreasing function is
(–7, –1) then find the value of ‘a’ ?

121. A real valued function satisfies following conditions :

(i) f  x  1  f  x  1  2f  x  for x < -1 or x > 7.
(ii) f(x) = x for 0  x  7 .
Find the value of f(87)
 2 x   15 1 
122. A real valued function satiffies f  x, y   f  x y, 2  & f  2, 2   4 . Find the value of f  2 , 5  .
 y   2 

123. The lower corner of a page in a book is folded over so as to reach the inner edge of the page. If the
fraction of the width folded over when the area of the folded part is minimum is k/3, then k is?

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n
x
124. n
Let fn(x) = cos x & g  x   lim  f r   . Find the largest value of ‘a’ such that g(x) is continuous
n 
r 0 4
in the interval (0, a).

x nf  x   h  x   1 1
125. Let g  x   lim
n  2x n  3x  3
be continuous at x = 1 & g 1  lim
x 1
 ln  ex   ln x .Find the value

of 2  f 1  g 1   h 1 .

f x
126. If the function f :  0,    R satisfy the relation f  x  e f  x   x , then find lim .
x  ln x

1
127. Let f  x   & g(x) = x2 – 3x + 2. Number of points at which f(f(g(f(f(x))))) is not differentiable is?
x

f x  – 5
128. Let f : R  R be a continuous function satisfying f (x + 1) = x  R  4n : n  Z . If f(0) = 1,
f x  – 3 
then find f(4).

1 1
  – 3 
129. The value of lim 2
x n ex x n ex
(where n  N) is
x  xn

n
  n ln e/2  1
130. lim     sin  (when n  Q) is equal to?
n   n  1 n 
   

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INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Only One Option Correct
1. Area of region bounded by y 2  8x, y 2  8x  16 & y  4 x  1 is

8 24 8 2 7 8 2 8 4 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
6
2. The value of 
3
 x  12x  36  x  12x  36 dx is equal to
(a) 6 3 (b) 4 3 (c) 12 3 (d) 2 3
x
1/ 2 g ''  x 
3. 
If f  x    1  t 3  dt and g (x) is the inverse of f, then the value of g 2 x is
 
0
(a) 3/2 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/2
3 dx
4. The value of 3 if f  x  f   x   9 is
3 f x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) none
2 x (x ln x ln 2 –1)
5.  x(ln x)2 dx
2x ln x 2x log 2 e 2x 2x
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
2 log 2 x log 2 x log 4 x

cos x  x sin x
6. The value of the integral  2 2
dx is

x  cos x
 
(a) – (b) (c)  (d) none of these
2 2
3
dx
7.  x 2  [x]2  1 – 2x[x] = ......, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function
1

  
(a) (b) (c)  (d)
2 4 3
dy 1 1
8. The solution of the differential equation, x 2 cos  y sin  1  0 , where
y  1 as x  is dx x x
1 1 x 1 1 1 x 1
(a) y  sin  cos (b) y  x sin 1 (c) y  sin  cos (d) y  x cos 1
x x x x x x

9. The equation of curve passing through (1, 0) for which the product of the abscissa of a
point P & the intercept made by a normal at P on the x  axis equals twice the square of
the radius vector of the point P, is
(a) x2 + y2 = x4 (b) x2 + y2 = x6 (c) x2 + y2 = x (d) none
dy 1
10. If the solution of the differential equation  is x = cesin y – k (1 + sin y),
dx x cos y  sin 2y
then k is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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1
11. If f (x)  2f    3x for all real x  0 , then  f (x)dx is equal to :
x
1 2 x 1 2 1 2
(a) log x  x 2  c (b) 2 log x  x  c (c) e  x  c (d) 2 log x  x  c
2 2 2
1
sin xdt
12. Range of f  x    1  2t cos x  t 2 contains
1

         
(a)  ,  (b)   (c)   ,  (d)   , 
 2 2 2  2 2  2 2
1cos 2  cos 2 
13. Let I1  2 
x f 2x  x dx & I 2  2
  2 f 1  x  dx , where ' f ' is a continuous
2

sin   cos 

I1
function , then I =
2
(a) 3/2 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 2/3
f (ln 2012)
x y x s  y s cos xesin x
14. If x, y, z,s, t  R; z, t  0 and f     f     f    then
z z z t z t
 1  e2sin x dx
f   ln 2012 

is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 22012 (c) 32012 (d) none of these
2

x1005
 x 2010  1  dx is equal to
15.  x 4021

1  x 2010  1  2010
(a) 12060  x 4020  9x  8x
 
1005

x 2010  1  3  c 
1  x 2010  1  2010
(b) 12060  x 4020  8x  9x
 
1005

x 2010  1  9  c 
1  x 2010  1  2010
(c) 12060  x 4020  8x  9x

 
1005

x 2010  1  9  c 
1  x 2010  1  2010
(d) 12060  x 4020  9x  8x

 
1005

x 2010  1  3  c 
2 2 e4
16. If the value of the integral  ex dx is  , then the value of  log x dx is
1 e

(a) e 4  e   (b) 2e4  e  

(c) 2(e 4  e)   (d) none of these
17. The area bounded by the straight line x   1 and x  1 and the graphs of f ( x) and g ( x ), where
 x5 if  1  x  0
3
f ( x)  x and g ( x )   is
x if 0  x  1
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/8 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/4
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 x
tan (ln x) tan  ln  tan(ln 2)
18.  2 dx is equal to
 x
 
 sec(ln x) 
(a) ln  C (b) ln (sec (ln x)) – C
 sec  ln x  
  
  2

 
 x   sec  ln x  
(c) ln  sec  ln  x tan(ln x )   C (d) ln  C
  2   sec  ln x  x tan(ln 2) 
   
  2 
6

 yi
6 i1
 ex 
19.
1
 1
If  sin xi  cos yi  9 , then  x ln(1  x 2 )  2x  dx is equal to
i 1 6
1 e 
 xi
i 1

 37  6 6
(a) 0 (b) e6  e6 (c) ln   (d) e  e
 12 
1
20. The minimum value of f  x    t t  x dt, x  R , is
0

1 1  1 1 1 1
(a)  1  (b) (c) (d) 
3 2 6 3 3 2
dy 2
21. Let y(x) = 0 be the general solution of x  x  1  y  x 2  x  1 . Then 4 y  2   y  1 equals
dx

(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 6

22. For real number ' x ', let  x  denote the largest integer smaller than or equal to ' x ' and  x  denote
the smallest integer greater than or equal t o ' x '. Also for x in [0, 4], let
4
f  x   min  x   x  ,  x   x  , then  f  x  dx 
4
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 6

23.   
Solution of the differential equation y xy  2 x 2 y 2 dx  x xy  x 2 y 2 dy  0 is given by 
1 1
(a) 2 log | x |  log | y |  xy  C (b) 2 log | y |  log | x |  xy = C

1 1
(c) 2 log | x |  log | y |  xy  C (d) 2 log | y |  log | x |  xy  C

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e
 1 ln x 
24.    dx 
1 x ln x x 
2
(a) 4 e (b) e (c) 2 e (d)
e
2
f (2t)
25. Let f (0) = 0 and  f ' (2t ) e dt  5 , then the value of f (4) equals
0
(A) 2 ln 3 (B) ln 10 (C) ln 11 (D) 3 ln 2

 /4

  sin x cos 4 x  dx 
6
26.
0

3 3 3
(a)  (d) (c) (d) none of these
210 29 211

dx cos x dx
27. If a  
2
 2 + C, then the value of a is
f  x  2  sin x f x
(a) 5 (a) 5/2 (c) 5 (d) 5/2

x 2 cos x  sin 2 x
28.   x  sin x  2
dx =

x cos x x sin x cos x sin x

(a)  C (b) C (c) C (d) C
x  sin x x  sin x x  sin x x  sin x

x 1
29.  x dx =
2
 x  1 x 2  1

x2 1 x2 1
(a) cos 1 C (b) sin 1 C
2  x 2  x  1 x2  x 1

1 x2 1 x2 1
(c) sin C (d) cos 1
C
2  x 2  x  1 x2  x 1

x
ln t 1
30. Let f  x    dt, then f  x   f   
1 t 1 x
2 2

(a)
 ln x  (b) 
 ln x  (c)  ln x 
2
(d)   ln x 
2

2 2

1 2
3  2x
1 1
31. 0 tan x2  3x 1 dx  k0 tan x dx  0 , then k =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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32. Solution of xdy   y 2  xy  y  dx is

x x x
(a) y  (b) y  (c) y  (d) none of these
1  Ce x 1  Ce x Ce x  1

dy
33. Solution of 2  tan x sin 2y  sec x 1  cos 2y  is
dx
(a) tan y tan x  sec x  C (b) tan y sec x  sec x tan x  C
(c) sec y sec x  tan x  C (d) tan y sec x  tan x  C

1 1
34. Area of region bounded between the curves y  2 &
y  1 .
1 x 1 x2
2  1
(a)   2 (b) (c) (d)   1
2 2

35. Let the line y = mx divides the area bounded by y = x2, x = 0 & y = 4 in two parts. If the area
above y = mx is 7 times the area below it, then the value of m is?
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1

36. Let area bounded by y = x sin x & y = 0 from x = n to x = (n + 1) be An, then
An, An + 1, An + 2 are in
(a) A.P. (b) G.P (c) H.P. (d)
none of these

 /2
37. Let In  
0
e  n sin d , n  N , then for k < 1, lim
n 
n k I n  
(a) e (b)  (c) 1 (d) e

 sec2 6x 
38. 12  tan 2x tan 4x tan 6x dx  f  3 6   C , then f (e) is
 sec 4x sec 2x 
(a) e (b) 1 (c) 1/e (d) 1

39. The slope of the tangent to curve y = f (x) at any of its point is given by 2x  4. If the curve
passes through the point (2 , 12) then the area of the region bounded by the curve , the x-
axis & the line x + 1 = 0 is
(a) 8/3 (b) 3 (c) 7/3 (d) none of these

ln x dx

40. If 2   k , then the value of greatest integer less than or equal to k is
0 x 2  e2

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none of these

2
41. If f (x) is an even twice differentiable function then  (x 3  f  x   x f "  x   2) dx =
2
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 6

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42. The area bounded by a curve, the axis of co-ordinates & the ordinate of some point of the
curve is equal to the length of the corresponding arc of the curve. If the curve passes
through the point P (0 , 1) then the equation of this curve can be
x

(a) 2y  x e  e
x
 x
(b) 2x  y e  e
x
 
x
(C) 2x  y e  e
x
 (D) y  e  e   2
x x

y
f 
dy y x
43. Solution of the differential equation     , where k is an arbitrary constant, is
dx x y
f ' 
x

y k y  y k  y
(a) f    (b) f    kx (c) f    (d) f    ky
x x x x y x

44. One value of k for which the area of the region bounded by the curve y = 8x2 – x5, the straight
lines x = 1 and x = k and the x-axis is equal to 16/3 is
(a) –1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) none of these

45. Let the differential equation of a curve passing through the point (0,1) be given by dy  x 2 e x dx .
If the equation of the curve is written in the form x = f(y) then f(e1) is
(a) 0 (b 1 (c) 2 (d) e2

46. Area of the figure bounded by the curves y  a x & y  1  x and the y  axis is equal to
A, where a > 0 is a parameter. For what set of values of A, there always will exist a
corresponding value of ‘a’
 2  2 
(a)  0, 3  (b)  0,4 / 3 (c)  0, 3  (d) none
 

47. The D.E. of all the circles passing through the origin and having x axis as diameter, is
dy x 2  y 2 dy x 2  y 2 dy x 2  y 2
(a)   0 (b)   0 (c)  0 (d) none of these
dx 2xy dx 2xy dx 2xy

 f  x, t 
48. Let f : R  R be a continuous bounded function and g  x    dt , then g(x) is
1 t2
(a) continuous everywhere
(b) differentiable everywhere
(c) discontinuous at a finite number of points
(d) nondiferentiable at at least one point

x2  a2 
49. Let f (x)   4 2 2 4
dx, f  a   0 & lim f  x   , then a =
x a x a x   6
(a) 2/ 3 (b) 1/ 3 (c) 2 3 (d) 3

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ln 1  x   x 1
50. If  1  x  x dx  C  f 2  x  , then lim f  x  is equal to
2 x 

(a) 0 (b)  (c)  (d) does not exist

More than one options Correct

dy 5x 4  2xy3  3x 2 y 2
51. Let the solution of the differential equation   be a curve given
dx 5y 4  2yx 3  3x 2 y 2
by C = 0 and passing through  0, 0  , then
(a) C = 0 is a homogeneous equation in (x, y)
(b) C = 0 represents exactly one straight line
(c) Area of region bounded by C = 0, x = 2 & y = 0 is 2 unit2
(d) slope of tangent to C = 0 at (1, 1) is 2

2
 dy  dy
52. Solution of x     y  x   y  0 at (1, 2) may be
 dx  dx
(a) y 2  x 2  3 (b) xy = 2 (c) x 2  y 2  5 (d) y = x +1

dx
53. The integral  is equal to
cos x cos 2x
1 cos 2x
(a) sin 1  tan x   C (d) cot C
sin x
(c) cos1  tan x   C (d)  sin 1  tan x   C

54. Let I =  3  x 5/ 2 .dx then I is

1

(a) greater than 4 (b) greater than 27 (c) less than 26 (d) greater than 2 3

3 bi
55. If Ai is the area bounded by | x  a i |  | y | bi , i  N, where a i 1  a i  bi and bi1  ,
2 2
a1 = 0, b1 = 32, then
n
8 2
(a) A3 = 128 (b) A3 = 256 (c) lim  Ai   32  (d) none
n 
i 1 3

2
66. Consider a real valued continuous function f such that f (x)  sin x   (sin x  t f (t))dt . If M and


2

m are maximum and minimum values of the function f, then

M
(a) 3 (b) M  m  2  1
m
(c) M  m  4(   1) (d) Mm  2(2  1)

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x 3t
57. Let f (x)  1 dt, x  0 , then
1 t2
(a) for 0    , f ()  f () (b) for 0    , f ()  f ()
 
(c) for all x > 0, f (x)   tan 1 x (d) for all x > 0, f (x)   tan 1 x
4 4

58. Let f : R  R be a function such that f (2  x )  f (2  x ) and f (4  x )  f (4  x ) and given

2 50

that 0
f ( x)dx  5 then the value of  f ( x)dx is equal to
0

46 51 52

(a) 125 (b) 

4
f ( x)dx (c) 
1
f ( x )dx (d)  f ( x)dx
2

1 1 1 2
ex x2 ex  x  x
59. Let 0 dx  a , I1   dx & I2     e dx , then
1 x 0 x 1 0  x 1 
e e
(a) I1  a  e  2 (b) I 2   a 1 (c) I 2  a (d) I1  a  e
2 2


sin  n x 
60. If In   1  e x  sin x dx for n  0,1, 2,..... then

20
(a) I2 = I3 (b) I1 = I3 (c)  I k  10 
k 1
(d) none

61. Differential equation of a curve passing through (0, 1) is  x 2  y  dx   y 2  x  dy  0 .

Y Coordinate of the point on the curve with X Cordinate 1, is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 1

x2 1
62. If  dx  f  g  x    c , where g(x) is a rational algebraic function of x, then which
x4  3x2  1
of the following may be g  f 1  x   ?
(a) 2 cosec 2x (b) 2 cos ec 2x (c) 2 cot 2x (d) 2 cot 2x

1
63.  dx 
3x  x 2  2

1 x 1
(a) cos1  2x  3  C (b) 2 tan C
2x
1 x2
(c) sin 1  2x  3  C (d) 2 tan C
1 x

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3/ 2
1  2 3
64. Let I   sin  x  2x   dx , then
1/2  2
  1 3 1 3
(a) I  (b) I  (c) I  sin (d) I  sin
6 8 4 4

 
2 2
65. Let  e  x dx  a & I n   x n e  x dx, n  N , then In may be
0 0

1  n 1   n  1! a
1  n 1   n  1!
(a)   !a (b)
n2
(c)  ! (d)
2 2  2 2  n2
2 n 1  ! 2n 1  !
 2   2 

dy 5x 4  2xy3  3x 2 y 2
66. Let the general solution of the differential equation  4 be the family of
dx 5y  2yx 3  3x 2 y 2
curves given by R  x, y   c and initial value of  x, y  be  0, 0  , then which of the following points
lies on the curve
(a) 1, 1 (b)  2, 2  (c)  1,1 (d) none of these

67. I   [x 2  3x  2]dx 
0

3 5 2 5
(a) a = 1, then I = (b) a = 3/2, then I =
2 2
(c) a = 3, then I = 2  5 (d) a = 2, then I = 1  5

 /2n  / 2n

68. Let  ln  sin x  dx  a ,  ln  cos x  dx  b

0
n
0
n , then

  
(a) a1  b1   ln 2 (b) a2  b2   ln2 (c) a2  b2  ln2 (d) a1  b1   ln 2
2 2 4

69. A line passing through (1, 0) and divides the area bounded between y = ln x, y = -ln x & the y-axis
in the ratio 1 : 2. If the line cuts one of the two curves in exactly one point, then slope of the line may
be?
(a) 3/2 (b) 2/3 (c) -2/3 (d) -3/2

2 2 2
70. Solution of  dy   2 x 2  y 2  dy   1  0 may be?
 dx  x  y  dx 
y
(a) y 2  2xy  x 2  C (b) 2 tan
1
 ln  x 2  y 2   C
x
x
(c) 2 tan y  ln  x  y   C
1 2 2
(d) x 2  2xy  y 2  C

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Reasoning & Assertion


71. Let f  x    ln  x 2  2x cos   1 dx
0

Statement - I : f(x) + f(-x) = f(x2).

Statement - II : f(x) is an even function.
(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of Statement I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

f  x2  1
72. Let lim  2 & f  0  0 .
x 1 x4 1
1
Statement - I :  xf "  x  dx  3 .
0

Statement - II :  f '  x  dx  1 .
0

(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of Statement I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

 /2
sin x sin 4x sin  cos 2x  cos1  sin1
73. Statement - I :  dx  .
0 sin x  cos x 2
0

Statement - II :  x sin x dx  sin1  cos1 .

1

(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of Statement I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect


74. Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = (tanx)n and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = .
4
1 1
Statement - I : < An < .
2n  1 2n  1

1
Statement - II : for n > 2, An + An–2 =
n 1
(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of Statement I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

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75. Consider the family of all the straight lines whose y-intercept is square of their slope.
2
 dy  dy
Statement - I : D.E. of the above family of curves is    x  y  0 .
dx
  dx

dy
Statement - II : Solution of a D.E. of form y  xp  f  p  , p  is given by y  cx  f  c  .
dx
(a)
Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explanation of Statement I
(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explanation of State-
ment I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

76. Consider a family of curves for which the length of the segment intercepted on the y- axis by a
normal drawn at some point of the curve is equal to the distance of that point from the
origin.
Statement - I : Area bounded by the curve of the family passing through the point (1, 0)
and x axis is 1/3.
2
 dy  y dy
Statement - II : D.E. of the given family of curves is    2 1  0 .
 dx  x dx

(a) Both the statements are correct and Statement II is correct explaination of Statement I

(b) Both the statements are correct but Statement II is not a correct explaination of State-
ment I
(c) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

Paragraph I
 /2  /2 2
sin (2 n  1) x  sin n x 
Let A n   dx & Bn     dx .
0
sin x 0  sin x 
77. If An + 1 = k . An , then the value of k is
n 1 n
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) none
n n 1

78. Bn + 1 - Bn is equal to
(a) An (c) An - 1 (c) An + 1 (d) An + 1 – An

79. Bn - 1, Bn, Bn + 1 are in

(a) A.P. (d) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) none

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Paragraph II
2
d 2f  x 
2  df  x  
Let 2  f  x    2
f x     0 & f  0   f 1  1 .
dx  dx 
80. Interval of values of x such that f(x) is strictly increasing, is
1   1
(a)  ,   (b)  ,  (c)  , 0  (d) 1,  
2   2

81. Number of points at which f(x) has local extremum is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite

82. Area of region bounded by y = 0, x = 0, x = 1 & y = (2x – 1)f(x) is

 e1/ 4  1   e1/ 4  1   e1/ 4  1 
2
(a)  e1/4  (b)  e1/4  2
(c)  e1/ 4  1  (d) 2  e1/4  1
     

Paragraph III

sin x
If 
0
x
dx  I , then answer the following questions.


sin ax cos bx
83. The value of  dx is, if a > b > 0,
0
x
(a) 2I (b) 0 (c) I/2 (d) I


sin 2 x
 The value of  x 2 dx is,
0
(a) 2I (b) 0 (c) I/2 (d) I

Paragraph IV
b 1
For a given function f, suppose we approximate the definite integral  f ( x) dx as ( b – a)
a 2
b 1 1
(f ( d) + f (a)) and for more accuracy we define  a
f(x) dx =
2
(c – a) ( f(a) + f(c)) +
2
1
(b – c) (f (d) + f ((c)) for some c such that a < c < b. When c = ( a + b),
2
b 1
For a given function f, suppose we approximate the definite integral  f ( x) dx as ( b – a)
a 2
b 1 1
(f(d) + f(a)) and for more accuracy we define 
a
f(x) dx =
2
(c – a) ( f(a) + f(c)) +
2
1
(b – c) (f (d) + f ((c)) for some c such that a < c < b. When c = ( a + b),
2
b 1
a
f(x) dx =
4
(b – a) (f (a) + f (d) + 2f (c)).

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
2
85.  sin x dx equals
0

(a)

 
2 1 (b)

8
 2 1  (c)

8 2
 
2 1 (d)
4 2

2

t 1
 f (x )dx – 2 t – a f t   f a  = 0
a
86 If f (x) is a polynomial and L = lim  a  R, then
t a t – a 3
degree of f (x) cannot exceed
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 1

1 1
87. If f (x) < 0  x  (a, b) and F (t) = (t – a) ( f (a) + f(t)) + (b – t) (f(t) + f (d)) is
2 2
maximum at some point c  (a, b), then f (c) equals
1 f b  – f a 
(a) (f(d) + f(a)) (b) (c) 0 (d) f (a) + f (d)
2 b–a

Paragraph V
d2 y 2x d y y 9/5
Consider the differential equation    0.
d x 2 1  x 2 d x 1  x 2 2

88. The substitution x  tan  , reduces the given D.E. to

d2y d2 y 9/5 dy d2y 1
(a) x0 (b) 2  y 0 (c) 2  9/5  0 (d) none
d 2 d d d y

89. The D.E. obtained after substitution in previous question may also be put in the form
3 9/5
 dy  d  1 dx  y
   2   , where f (x) is
 dx  dy  1  x dy  f  x 
2 3
(a)1  x 2 (b) 1  x 2  (c) 1  x 2  (d) none

5/ 4
90. If solution of the given D.E. is f  x   a  ay 4/ 5  5   b , then f(x) is
1 2x
(a) tan 1 x (b) (c) (d) none
1  x2 1  x2

Paragraph VI
b k
Let f  n, k    x n  ln x  dx
a

f  n, k 
91. f  n, k  1 , a = 0 & b = 1 is equal to
n 1 n 1 n 1
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) none
k 1 k 1 k 1

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d
92. f  n, k  , a = 0, b = 1, is equal to
dn
(a) f  n, k  1 (b) f  n  1, k  (c) f  n, k  1 (d) none

81 2 81
93. If f  3, 2   ln 3  ln 3  ln 2 4  ln 4  C , a = 2, b = 3, then C is equal to
4 8
(a) 65/33 (b) 65/32 (c) 64/33 (d) 0

Matrix Match

94. Column I Column II


2
(A)  x  sin  sin x   cos  cos x   dx
2 2
(P)
0 16
2 /4
2
(B)   2 sin
0
x  x cos x dx  (Q)
2
  /4 2
(C) ln 2  ln  
1  sin 2 x dx (R)
4
 / 4

8 x 3 cos 4 x sin 2 x 
2
(D)   2  3 x  3 x 2 dx (S)
0 32

95. Match the entries in column-I representing equations of various families of curves with their
orthogonal trajectories given in Column-II.

Column-I Column-II
(A) 2x 2  y 2  a 2 (p) xy  C
(B) x 2  y 2  a 2 (q) x  y  cxy
(C) 2x 2  y 2  a 2 (r) y 2  cx
(D) x 3  y3  a 3 (s) xy 2  C

96. Column -I Column - II

dx 1  tan 2 x 
(A)  sin 4 x  cos4 x  (p) tan 1  
2  2 
sin 2 x 3  8 cos x
(B)  (3  4 cos x) dx 3 (q)
16(3  4 cos x) 2
x x
1  sin x 2 x
(C)  e dx  e 2 P ( x ) (r) sec
1  cos x 2
then P (x) is
dx 1 4x  3
(D)   sin 1 f ( x) (s)
2
 2 x  3x  4 2 41
then f (x) is
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97. Column - I Column- II
d(F(x)) esin x
(A) Let  , x 0. (p) 16
dx x
4
3 sin x 3
If 1 x e dx = F (K) – F (1) then one
of the possible values of K is
x2
2
 sec t
(B) The value of Lt 0 (q) 64
dt 
x 0 x sin x
(C) If f ( x)  e x , g ( x )  x , x  0 ; and
t

F  t    f  t  x  g  x  dx then, F'  log 3 = (r) 03

1
(D) The degree of the differential equation (s) 01
which represent the Family curves
y 2  2c ( x  c )( c  0)

98. Column - I Column - II


(A) 4
ln  sin 2 2x  dx (p) –1
0


2 
(B) cos x
  x sin 2x  1 e dx
2 (q) 
0 2

(C) If f  x     f  x  5   f  x  3  & (r) 2
ln  cos x  dx
0

at
 f  x  dx is independent of a, then t =
a

5 x 4  4 x5 
(D) If f  x    2
dx & f  0   1 (s)
x 5
 x  1 2

then f  1 

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99. Column - I Column - II
x   x   
(A) If  1  sin dx  a 2 tan 1  sin    b, (p) 1
2   2a  
then a =
cot x 1
(B) If  ln  sin x  dx  f  f  g  x   , (q)
2

f 1  x 
then lim 
x 0 g x

dx
(C)  x 2 1  x 2 
3/ 2

(r) 4
1/ 3

cos 3 x 1 1
(D) f x   7
dx and lim f  x   , (s)
sin x x
 5 5
2


then f   
4

100. Column - I Column - II

x

(A) If lim
 f  t  dt  f  x   f  a    , then
a
(p)

3
x a
x  a 3 2

f  x   f '"  x  

cos 2 x  t  1 
(B)    dt , 0  x 
2
sin x
 t  1 t  t 1  t  4 = (q) - 1/2

1
 n 1 2 2 r  n2
 n r   
(C) If lim  r 1 n 2  n   e k , then k = (r) 2
n   
n
 
 



(D) If  f  sin x  sin x dx  k  2 f  cos x  cos x dx , (s) None of the above
0 0

then k =

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101. Column - I Column - II

1 1 x2 1  2x
(A)   x  1 dx  (p) ln C
x2 1 2 x2 1  2x

1 1 3 3/ 2
(B)  dx  (q) x  2 x  3  C
 3x 2
 1 x  1 2 9

(x  1) dx x 1  x  1
(C)  = (r)
x 1
x2 2 x2  2 x  1

2 x2  2 x  1
(D)   x  1 2 x 5  3x 4  x 2 dx  (s)
x
+C

102. Column I Column II

(A) If the function y = e4x + 2e–x is a solution (p) 3

d3y dy
3
– 13
of the differential dx dx = K
y
then the value of K/3 is
(B) Number of straight lines which satisfy the
2
dy  dy 
differential equation  x  – y = 0 is (q) 4
dx  dx 

(C) If real value of m for which the substitution, (r) 2

y = um will transform the diffrential equation,
dy 4
2x4y +y = 4x6 into a homogeneous
dx
equation then the value of 2m is
(D) If the solution of differential equation (s) 7
d2 y dy
x2 2
 2x = 12y is y = Axm + Bx–n
dx dx
the |m + n| is
(t) 5

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Integer Answer Type

1
1
103. Let f (x) 
8   8sin 7
x cos x  8sin 3
x cos x  8sin x cos x  sin 8
x  2sin 4
x  4sin 2
x  4
.

4
   5
Find  10  f    , given that f(0) = 0.
  2 
1 9
 e x 1  x  dx

104. Evaluate 1 8 .
 e x 1  x  dx


105. Find the area enclosed in the curve   x 4  x 2 y2  y 4   x 2  y 2 .

 2
4  x10 e  x dx
106. The value of 0

is .
6  x2
7 x e dx
0

1 2 dx 1 
107. Let I  a, b   0 2 2 , then 3 I  ,1 is?
  a cos x  b sin x 
2 2 2
2 

x f a  f a 
4
108. Let f  x   ,I   xf  x 1  x   dx and I2   f  x 1  x   dx where
x 1
4 2 f 1a  f 1a 

I
2
f  a   f 1  a  then the value of is
I
1

109. The minimum area bounded by the function y = f (x) and y = ax + 9 (a R) where f satisfies the
relation f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + y f (x) “x,y R and f(0) = 0 is 9A, value of A is

2 2 2
110. If I   x  ln x  dx , then the value of 4I  8  ln 2   4 ln 2 is?
1

2
sec 2 2 x  1
111. The value of  d x is?
0 1  tan 2 2 x

y
du d 2y
112. If x =  , then = ky where k has the value equal to?
0 1  9 u2 dx 2

1/ n
  2 3 n 
113. Value of lim  tan tan tan ... tan  is equal to?
n 
 2n 2n 2n 2n 

/ 2 /4 I1
114. I f I 1= n (sin x) dx & I2 = n (sin x  cos x) dx, then the value of

0

 / 4
I2 is?
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/2 / 2
115. If the value of the integral  x 2 cos ec 2 x dx is – k  log sin x dx , then the numerical quantity
0 0

k should be?

/2
k
116. If  sin  log sin  d  log , then the numerical quantity k should be?
0
e

x
c tan
k
dy
117. If y = e is a solution of the differential equation sin x = y logy then the numerical
dx
quantity k should be?

k k
118. Let f be a positive function. Let I1 =  f (x(1 – x))dx , I2 =  f (x(1 – x))dx where 2k – 1 > 0
1–k 1–k

I2
then I is?
1

119. Let A      sin    sin   e cos  d & B      cos    sin   e cos  d ,where A(0) = -1 &

B(0) = 0. Find the value of

 2
ln  A       B    
2
.
cos 

/ 4  1  tan x   ln x / 2  x
120. I1  0 ln   dx, I 2  1 2
dx & I 3   ln  tan  dx .
 1  tan x  1 x 0
 2
If mI1 = I3 & nI1 = I2, then state (m + n).

 /2 n
121. Let I n   0  sin x  cos x  dx  n  2  , then find the value of nIn  2  n  1 In 2 .

1
122. If f  x   17x    60t 2  12x 2 t  f  t  dt , then find the value of f(0).
0

6
1
123. The value of max | 2 | x ||, 4 | x |, 3 dx is.
19 6

124. If the area bounded by the curves x2 + y2 = 25, 4y = 4  x 2 and x = 0 above the x-axis is
25 1 4
sin  k , then the value of ‘k’ is?
2 5

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 (x  r) 2 , r  1  x  r  1
125. Let f be a function defined by f (x)   , where r  3k, k  I then
 1, r 1  x  r  2
90

 f (x)dx
0
is equal to?
10

d 2U n
126. Given that U n  x n (1  x ) n for n  N , n  2 and  n(n  1)U n 2  2n(2n  1)U n 1 further if
d 2x
1
Vn   e xU n dx , then for n  2 , Vn  k1n(2n  1)Vn 1  k 2n(n  1)Vn 2  0 where k1 , k2  I then
0

k1  k2 is equal to?

2
2 d 2f  x   df  x  
127. Let 2  f  x    2
f x     0 & f  0   f 1  1 . Area of region bounded by y
dx  dx 
 e1/a  1 
2
= 0, x = 0, x = 1 & y = (2x – 1)f(x) is  e1/a  , then ‘a’ is?
 

 2 t  sin x  
128. If the two lines AB :     1 dx  x + y = 3t and AC : 2t x + y = 0 intersect at a point A,
 0 x  

p
then x-coordinate of point A as t  0, is equal to (p and q are in their lowest form).
q
Find (p + q).


129. If f (x) = a | cos x | + b | sin x | (a, b  R) has a local minimum at x = – and satisfies
3
2
2
 f ( x)  dx = 2. Find the values of a and b and hence find b 2 a 2
 2


( 2x 3  1) dx
130. If the value of the definite integral I =  6 3 2 can be expressed in the form
1 x  2 x  9x  1
A C A C
cot 1 where and are rationals in their lowest form, find the value of
B D B D
(A + B2 + C3 + D4).

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 ANSWER KEY FLM – 2017

TRIGONOMETRY
[ ANSWER KEY ]

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C
8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B
15. D 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. BD 21. B
22. B 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C
29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. A
36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. BD 42. D
43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. B
50. D 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. D 56. D
57. B 58. A 59. D 60. B 61. B 62. B 63. D
64. C 65. A 66. D 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. A
71. D 72. A 73. C 74. A 75. D 76. C 77. A
78. B 79. D 80. A 81. C 82. A 83. D 84. D
85. C 86. B 87. C 88. B 89. B 90. D 91. AB
92. AC 93. BC 94. ABC 95. BD 96. CD 97. BC 98. ABD
99. ABCD 100. ABD 101. ACD 102. ABCD 103. ABC
104. ABD 105. AC 106. BD 107. BCD 108. BC
109. ABC 110. ABD 111. ACD 112. ABC 113. ABC
114. ABD 115. AB 116. AD 117. BCD 118. ABC
119. AB 120 AB 121. 2 122. 0004 123. 8
p 17
124. 4 125. 98 where,  126. 7445 127. 1024
2 81
128. 12 129. 0 130. 32 131. 0016 132. 108
133. 0026 134. 0849 135. 35 136. 18 137. 1
138. 9 139. 3 140. 54 141. 32 142. 4
143. 0004 144. 5050 145. 5050 146. 11 147. 56
148. 2 149. 38 150. 40

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 ANSWER KEY FLM – 2017

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

[ ANSWER KEY ]
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C
15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. B
22. A 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C
29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. D
36. A 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. A
43. A 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. C 49. A
50. C 51. ABC 52. AB 53. BD 54. ABD 55. ABCD
56. CD 57. AC 58. AC 59. ABCD 60. AB 61. ABC 62. AB
63. BD 64. AB 65. ABC 66. ABC 67. ABCD 68. AC
69. C 70. BD 71. AC 72. ABC 73. AD 74. CD 75. BC
76. A 77. B 78. C 79. B 80. A 81. C 82. C
83. D 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. C 88. B 89. B
90. C 91. A 92. C 93. A 94. B 95. B
96. (A)  (S); (B)  (Q); (C)  (P); (D)  (R)
97. (A)  (R); (B)  (Q); (C)  (P); (D)  (S)
98. (A)  (Q); (B)  (R); (C)  (S); (D)  (P)
99. (A)  (Q); (B)  (Q); (C)  (R); (D)  (P)
100. (A)  (S); (B)  (Q); (C)  (R); (D)  (S)
101. (A)  (Q); (B)  (P); (C)  (R); (D)  (S)
102. (A)  (Q); (B)  (P,S); (C)  (S); (D)  (Q,S)
103. (A)  (R); (B)  (P); (C)  (Q); (D)  (S)

104. D 105. A 106. 07 107. 02 108. 03 109. 03 110. 07

111. 01 112. 06 113. 07 114. 05 115. 06 116. 09 117. 08
118. 07 119. 04 120 07 121. 07 122. 04 123. 02 124. 08
125. 01 126. 01 127. 05 128. 01 129. 0 130. 02

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 ANSWER KEY FLM – 2017

INTEGRAL CALCULUS

[ ANSWER KEY ]

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
8. A 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D
15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. D
22. A 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B
29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. A
43. B 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. D
50. A 51. ABC 52. BD 53. AD 54. ACD 55. AC 56. AC
57. AD 58. ABD 59. AC 60. BC 61. BD 62. AB 63. BC
64. AD 65. BC 66. ABC 67. ABCD 68. AB 69. BC 70. AB
71. B 72. B 73. A 74. C 75. B 76. B 77. A
78. C 79. A 80. B 81. B 82. A 83. D 84. D
85. C 86. C 87. C 88. C 89. C 90. B 91. B
92. C 93. B
94. (A)  (Q); (B)  (Q); (C)  (R); (D)  (S)
95. (A)  (S); (B)  (P); (C)  (R); (D)  (Q)
96. (A)  (P); (B)  (Q); (C)  (R); (D)  (S)
97. (A)  (Q); (B)  (R); (C)  (S); (D)  (R)
98. (A)  (R); (B)  (Q); (C)  (S); (D)  (P)
99. (A)  (R); (B)  (P); (C)  (Q); (D)  (S)
100. (A)  (P); (B)  (P); (C)  (Q); (D)  (R)
101. (A)  (R); (B)  (P); (C)  S); (D)  (Q)
102. (A)  (Q); (B)  (R); (C)  (P); (D)  (S)
103. 07 104. 09 105. 04 106. 09 107. 10 108. 02 109. 72
110. 03 111. 04 112. 09 113. 01 114. 02 115. 02 116. 02
117. 02 118. 02 119. 02 120. 01 121. 02 122. 09 123. 02
124. 02 125. 05 126. 01 127. 04 128. 05 129. 03 130. 99

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 TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

Trigonometry Solution
Only One Option is correct.

1.

[Sol. We have tan4x + cot4x +2= 4sin2y 

tanx  cot
2 2
x   4 4
2
 = 
sin
 
2
y
4 4
 tan2x
= 1 and sin2y
= 1  tanx = ± 1 and siny = ± 1
But – 3 x  3 and – 3  y  3
 3 
 Acceptable values of x are  and  and acceptable values of y are 
4 4 2
Hence the number of points P(x, y) are 8 Ans. ]
2.
 3 
[Sol. If   , 2  , then tan  < 0
 2 
Given a tan  >1  0<a<1
and btan  > 1  0<b<1
Also a tan  >b tan  (given)  b>a
Hence a < b < 1 Ans.]
3.

3  x 2  3  ( L  x ) 2  3 2 3
[Sol. We have A(x) = 4  9  4   = [x + (L – x)2] = [2x2 – 2Lx + L2]
   9  36 36

 L  3   L 2 3 L2 L–x
x
 Amin.  x   = 2    =
 =m 3
x
3 3
L–x
3
 2  4  6  72
L–x
2 2 x 3
3 L 3L 3
Amax. (x = 0 or x = L) =    =M
4 3 36
Hence M = 2m Ans. ]
4.
1  sin 2  cos 2 (cos   sin ) 2  (cos2   sin 2 ) (cos   sin )  (cos   sin )
[Sol. f () = 2 cos 2 = =
2(cos   sin )(cos   sin ) 2(cos   sin )
2 cos  1
= =
2(cos   sin ) 1  tan 
1 1 1 1
f (11°) · f (34°) = · = ·
(1  tan 11) (1  tan 34) (1  tan 11) (1  tan(45  11))

1 1 1 1  tan 11 1
= · = · = Ans.]
(1  tan 11) 1  1  tan 11 (1  tan 11) 2 2
1  tan 11
5.
[Sol. f (x) = 0  sin3x + p3 + 1 = 3p sin x
 (sin x + p + 1)(sin2x + 1 + p2 – sin x – p – p sin x) = 0
 either sin x + p + 1 = 0  p = – (1 + sin x)
or sin x = 1 = p (by other factor.)
Hence only one value of p(p > 0) is possible which is given by p = 1. Ans.]

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 TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

6.
[Sol. We have (tan x + sec x) = 2 cos x  1 + sin x = 2cos2x  2 sin2x + sin x – 1 = 0
 (2 sin x – 1) (sin x + 1) = 0
1
 sin x = or sin x = –1 (Reject as sec x will not be defined.)
2
 5
Hence x = , .]
6 6
7.
[Sol. We have | sin 2x – cos 2x | = | sin 2x | + | cos 2x | holds true,
when sin 2x and cos 2x are of opposite sign.
    3       3 
This is possible when 2x   ,     , 2   x   ,    ,   Ans. ]
 2   2  4 2  4 
8.

9.

10.
  7    3   15    
[Sol. tan    + 2 tan    – cot     = tan – cot + 2 tan
 2 16  2 8   16  16 16 8

 
sin cos
= 16  16  2 tan  = – 4 Ans. ]
  8
cos sin
16 16
11.

n  1  tan 2 (2 n )  2 
  1  n
cos 2 (2 n )
[Sol. fn() =   1  tan 2 (2 n )  1  tan 2 (2 n )  =
·  cos2 (2·2n )
n 1    n 1


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 TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

cos 2 2 cos 2 2 2  cos2 23  cos 2 2 n 

= · · ......
cos 2 2 2  cos 2 2 3  cos 2 2 4  cos 2 2 n 1 

cos2 2
fn()k =
cos2 2 n 1 

2  2    
cos   cos 2  12 
   13
2  =  2  2 cos 2    1  cos 2  1  cos  
 f10  13  = = = = Ans.]
2  2  11   2    212   212   211 
cos  2 · 13  cos  
 2  4
12.
[Sol. y = ( 7 cos x + 24 sin x) ( 7 sin x – 24 cos x) [Quiz]
r cos  = 7 ; r sin  = 24
24
r2 = 625 ; tan  =
7
y = r cos (x – ) . r sin ( – x)
r2 r2
= . 2 sin(x – ) cos(x – ) = . (sin2 (x – ))
2 2
252 625
ymax =  ]
2 2
13.
[Sol. |sin x cos x| + | tan x + cot x | = 3
1
 | sin x cos x| + = 3
| sin x cos x |
1
but |sin x cos x| + 2
| sin x cos x |
hence, no solution  (D) ]
14.
[Sol. 4  LHS  16
2  RHS  4
hence equality can occur at 4, which is possible if x = , 3, 5  3 solutions]
15.
           
[Sol. We have F(k) = 1  sin  1  cos  1  sin  1  cos 
 2k   2k   2k   2k 

 2    2     1 
= 1  sin  1  cos  = cos2 sin2 = sin2
 2k   2k  2k 2k 4 k
1 2
Now, F(1) = sin  = 0
4
1 2 1
F(2) = sin =
4 2 4
1  1 3 3
and F(3) = sin2 = × =
4 3 4 4 16
1 3 7
 F(1) + F(2) + F(3) = 0 + + = Ans. ]
4 16 16
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 TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

16.
          
[Sol. y = 2cos  cos cos  = cos  + cos  – 1  cos(  )  = x – 1
 2 2   2 
 (x – y) = 1 Ans.]
17.
1 2 3 2 3 37 61
[Sol.    cot 2   tan 2   1 = by AM-GM in equality. ]
2 3 8 3 8 24 24
18.
[Sol. The value of determinant = 2 + 2 sin2]

19.
[Sol. We have tan3+ tan3+ tan3= 6
tan3tan3tan3= 8
 tan tan tan = 2
Hence tan3 + tan3+ tan3= 3 tan tan tan 
1

2
 
tan   tan   tan   (tan   tan ) 2  (tan   tan ) 2  (tan   tan ) 2 = 0
But tan + tan + tan  > 0
 tan = tan = tan  ]
20.
[Sol. Expression = ( tan  +  cot ) ( cot  +  tan ) – 4 cot2 2
cos 2 2 
= 2 + (tan2 + cot2 )  + 2 – 4
sin 2 2

 sin 2  cos 2   4(cos 2   sin 2  ) 2 

= 2 + 2 +   cos 2   sin 2    4 sin 2  cos 2  
  

 (sin 4   cos 4  )  (cos4   sin 4   2 sin 2  cos 2  ) 

2
= + +   2 
 sin 2  cos 2  
= 2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2, which is independent of  and dependent on , . ]
21.
1  tan 2 7.5
[Sol. Simplifies to = cos 15°]
1  tan 2 7.5
22.
1
[Sol. u= sin 27[sin 144  sin 30]
2
1 1
= sin 27 sin 36  sin 27
2 4
1 1
= [cos 9  cos 63]  sin 27
4 4
1 1 1
= cos 9  sin 27  sin 27
4 4 4
cos 9
= Ans. ]
4

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23.
sin A a
[Sol. We have =
c sin B bc
sin B sin C c b
  = 
c b ab ac
b sin B  c sin C c2  b2 b 2  c2 b2R sin B  c2R sin C 
 = a= =
bc abc b sin B  c sin C b sin B  c sin C
 b c a 
 a = 2R  As    2R 
 sin B sin C sin A 

Hence A = ]
2
24.
[Sol. We know that in ABC,
A B C
r = 4R sin sin sin ....(1)
2 2 2
r 1
But  (Given) .....(2)
R 8
 From (1) and (2), we get
A B C 1  AB  A  B  C 1
2 sin sin sin    cos   cos   sin 
2 2 2 16   2   2  2 16
But A – B = 120° , so we get
2
1 C C 1 1 C C 1
  sin  sin     sin  = 0  sin 
2 2 2 16 4 2 2 4

C 1 1 7
 cos C = 1 – 2 sin 2 = 1 2 = 1 =
2 16 8 8
7 15
1
1  cos C 8 = 8 = 15
Hence = Ans ]
1  cos C 1  7 1
8 8
25.

26.
  3abc  abc 
[Sol. We have r a + rb = 3R  + = 3R = R  
sa sb 4  4 

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(s  b  s  a ) 3abc c 3abc 2 3ab

 =  =  =
(s  a )(s  b) 4 (s  a )(s  b) 4 (s  a )(s  b) 4
 4s(s – c) = 3ab (a + b + c)(a + b – c) = 3ab
2 2 Note : Angles A,C, B are in A.P.
 (a + b) – c = 3ab  a2 + b2 – c2 = ab
can be converted into more than one
 c2 = a2 + b2 – ab
 a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C = a2 + b2 – ab (As c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C)
1
 cos C =  C = 60° ....(1)
2
|||ly from rb + rc = 2R
  (2s  b  c) 2abc 2
   2R     bc
sb sc (s  b)(s  c) 4 (s  b)(s  c)
 2s(s – a) = bc  (b + c + a)(b + c – a) = 2bc  (b + c)2 – a2 = 2bc
 b2 + c2 = a2  A = 90°  B = 30°]
27.
a
[Sol. We have ck + bk = a  k=
bc
Also x y = b c k2

 A
 2bc cos  2
x 2  = bc a
2
 b  c  ( b  c)
 

a 2 sec A
Hence x = 2 = DE ]
2 ( b  c)
28.
[Sol. In triangle AIF and AIE
IF IE IE ·IF ID ·IE ·IF A B C r 1
 AI  ; AI2 =  = sin sin sin = = Ans.]
A A A IA ·IB ·IC 2 2 2 4R 10
sin sin sin 2
2 2 2
A  B b A  B c
29. [Sol. tan   + tan   = – ; tan   · tan   = A
2 2 a 2 2 a
AB
A + B = 90°  = 45° (as C = 90°)
2
B C
b
AB  c b
tan  =1= a ; 1  ; a–c=–b ; a+b=c Ans. ]
 2  c a a
1
a
30.
 
[Sol. in 1st case r = cot ; R = cosec
5 5
 
2nd case r1 = cot ; R1 = cosec
7 7

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 2  2 
 A1 = (R2 – r2) =   cosec  cot  = 
 5 5

 2  2  
|||ly 2
A2 = (R1 – r1 2) =   cosec  cot  =   A1  A 2 Ans. ]
 7 7 

31.
[Sol. In any ABC, angle subtended by the side BC at orthocentre and incentre are
 BC
B + C and 180° –   respectively..
 2 
 BC
Now, B + C = 180° –  2  (Given)
 B + C = 120°  A = 60°
Similarly, B = C = 60°
 ABC is equilateral. ]
32.
[Sol. We have
x2 = z2 + b2 –2bz cos  [By cosine rule] A
2 2 2
y = x + c –2cx cos 
z2 = y2 +a2 – 2ay cos   x
c b
On adding, we get P
2( cx + ay + bz) cos  = a2 + b2 + c2 ...........(1) y
Also area of ABC == area ( PAB) + area ( PBC) + area ( PAC)  z 
1 B a C
 = ( cx  ay  bz ) sin  ....(2)
2
4
 From (1) and (2) , we get tan  = Ans. ]
a 2  b2  c 2
33.
A B C B C
[Sol. We have r1 – r = 4R sin  cos cos  sin sin 
2 2 2 2 2
A BC
 7 – 1 = 4R sin cos 
2  2 
A A
 6 = 4R sin2 = 12 sin2
2 2
A 1 A 1
 sin2 =  sin =
2 2 2 2
A  
   A= ]
2 4 2
34.

A
2bc A cos
[Sol. l1 = cos ....(1)  2  1  1  1 
bc 2 l1 2b c

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A B C
cos cos cos
2  2  2   1  1  1 
  Statement-1 is false
l1 l2 l3 a b c

From equation (1)

2
 2bc A 4b 2 c 2 2 A 2b 2 c 2 2b 2c 2  b 2  c 2  a 2 
l12   cos   cos  1  cos A  = 1
 bc 2 ( b  c) 2 2 ( b  c) 2 ( b  c) 2  2bc 


bc
=
( b  c) 2
(b  c) 2
 a2 

  a 2    b 2    c 2 
 l12  bc 1    ; |||ly l22  ca 1   2
  and l3  ab 1    
  b  c  
  c  a     a  b  
Hence Statement-2 is True ]
35.
9R
[Sol. I n any  ABC, we have r1 + r2 + r3 = 4R + r  ]
2
36.
[Sol. Three non collinear points form a triangle and the line joining the mid
points of any two sides is equidistant from all the three vertices. ]
37.
BC
b  c 2  3 tan 2 2 3
    BC bc A
[Sol. bc 2  1 tan B  C tan B  C   using tan  cot
   2 bc 2 
2  2 
 B – C = 45°. But B + C = 150°
1
 C = 52 Ans.]
2
38.
[Sol. We know that in  ABC,
sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
As A, B, C  (0, )
sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C is always positive
 Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false ]
39.
[Sol. We have ar. ( ABC) = ar. (PBC) + ar. (PAC) + ar. (PAB)
A
3 2 1 1 1 E
 ( 4) = (4) (x) + (4) (y) + (4) (z) F
4 2 2 2 z
y
P•
 4 3 = 2 (x + y + z)  x+y+z= 2 3 x

B C
Hence (x + y + z)2 = 12 ] D
40.
a d
[Sol. We have = (By since rule in  BCP)
sin( 90    ) cos 
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B
a cos(  ) cos  cos   sin  sin 
 = = 90
d cos  cos  – 
a P
 = cos  + tan  sin  ....(1) a 90 + 
d
d
1 cos  sin  
or =  tan  
d a a C b A

a
But tan  =
b
1 cos  sin   a 
 =   
d a a b
1 cos  sin 
Hence =  Ans. ]
d a b
41.
[Sol. We know that A + B + C =  and C = 2A (Given)
 B =  – 3A

As 0 < C <   0 < 2A <   0 < A < .
2
a b a 2a a 2a
By sine rule, =  =  =
sin A sin B sin A sin(   3A ) 1 3  4 sin 2 A
1 1  5
 3 – 4 sin2A = 2  sin2A =  sinA =  A = or .
4 2 6 6
   
But 0 < A <  A = , B = and C =
2 6 2 3
Since angle A, C and B are in A.P.  (B) is correct and (A) is incorrect.
Also, ABC is right angled but not isosceles.  (C) is incorrect
Also BC + CA + AB = a + b + c = 4R [sin A + sin2 B + sin2 C]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

 2   1 3
= 4R2 sin  sin 2  sin 2  = 4R 2   1   = 8R2  (D) is correct ]
 6 2 3  4 
4
42.
[Sol. We know that in ABC, sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
 sinA sinB sinC = 1 – cosA cosB
1  cos A cos B
 sin C = 1
sin A sin B
 cos(A – B)  1 i.e. A – B = 0
 
Hence C = , A = = B Ans.]
2 4
43.
c b a A
[Sol. We have    k (let )
sin 110 sin 15 sin 55 55°
Now, c2 – a2 = k2 (sin2 110° – sin2 55°) c
b
= k2 (sin 110° + sin 55°) (sin 110° – sin 55°) 110°
15°
165 55 165 55 B a C
= k2(2sin cos ) (2 sin sin )
2 2 2 2
2
= k sin 165° sin 55° = (k sin 15°) (k sin 55°) = ab Ans. ]
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44.
[Sol. x(y + 3) – 2(y + 3) = 0
(x – 2)(y + 3) = 0
lines are x = 2 and y = – 3
3rd line is
x y
 1
2 3
 3 ·2 6 5  13
r= = = = Ans. ]
s 2  3  13 5  13 2
45.
[Sol. 
Consider F(x) = cot cos 1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 (  | cos x |  | sin x |) 
But |sin x | + |cos x|  [1, 2] xR
 
 F(x) = cot (cos–1(1) + sin–1 (–1)) = cot  0   = 0 = g(3) (As F(x) = 0,  x  DF ) ]
 2
46.

1 x2  k 1 (k  1)
[Sol. We have  <1  1– 2 < 1  x R  k + 1 > 0
2 1 x 2 2 x 1
k 1 1
So k > – 1 and 2 
x 1 2
 x2 + 1  2k + 2
So x2 – (2k + 1)  0 x R  4(2k + 1)  0
1
 k– .
2
1
Hence k = – Ans.]
2
47.
[Sol. Draw graphs and interpret ]
48.
 1   1 
[Sol. Given expression =   cos (cos 2)    sin (sin 2)
2  2 
 1   1   1   1 
+   cot (cot 4)    tan (tan 4) +   cosec (cosec 6)    sec (sec 6)
2  2  2  2 
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
= sin (sin2) – cos (cos2) + tan (tan4) – cot (cot4) + sec (sec6) – cosec (cosec6)
= ( – 2) – 2 + (4 – ) – (4 – ) + (2 – 6) – (6 – 2) =  – 4 + 4 – 12 = 5 – 16.]
49.
 
[Sol. We have f(x) =  – cot–1 x – tan–1 x + sec–1 x =  – + sec–1 x = + sec–1 x
2 2
As domain of f (x) is (– , –1] [1, ) As cot 1
(  x )    cot 1 x 
    3 
 Range of f (x) is  ,     ,  .]
2   2 

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50.
 1    
[Sol. As > 1  cot  cot 1 1   cot 1  = 0.7856 .........(i)
3 3 4 3 4
 1 1  1  1  
As   sin  sin 1 =  sin  = 0.7856 .........(ii)
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
2 2  2 
As  2  sec 1  sec 1 2   sec 1  ~_ 1.0476 .........(iii)
3 3 3 3 3
Clearly <  < .]
51.

 
   
 4 
 1   1 
1 1
[Sol. We have f (x) = sin–1  2  = sin   = sin  2 
 4 x  12 x  17   x 2  3x  17    3  17 
  x  2  4 
 4    

 2 
   As x 2  3x  17   x  3   2 [2, ) 
Hence f (x)   0,  , so co-domain = Range
 6  4  2 
 
Also y = 4x2 – 12x + 17 is many one function.
Hence f (x) is surjective but not injective. ]
52.
 2
2  except   and 0  (cosec–1d)2  
2
[Sol. As 0  (sin–1a)2  , 0  (cos–1b)2 2, 0  (sec–1c)2 2  4 
4  4

5 2
So 0 < (sin–1a)2 + (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 + (cosec–1d)2 
2

5 2
 (sin–1a)2 + (cos–1b)2 + (sec–1c)2 + (cosec–1d)2 = (Given)
2
2 2
 (sin–1a)2 =
, (cos–1b)2 = 2, (sec–1c)2 = 2 and (cosec–1d)2 =
4 4
–1 2 –1 2 –1 2 –1 2
Hence (sin a) – (cos b) + (sec b) – (cosec d) = 0 ]
53.
[Sol. For domain of f(x), we must have –1  [x]  1  –1  x < 2, so set A = [–1, 2)
2  1   1 1  
f (x) =  sin [ x ]    As tan [x ]  cot [ x ]   x  A 
 2  2 
So, set B = {0, 1, 2}= Range of f (x)
Now A B = [–1, 2) {0, 1, 2} = [–1, 2]
Hence number of integers in (A B) = 4 Ans.]
54.
 x  x x 6 12
[Sol. We have sin 1    0    = 1  1  <2  x
6   6 6  
 x = 2, 3 only.
Hence two integral solution will satisfy above equation. ]

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55.
1 x2 
[Sol. We have f (x) =  
 sin 1 log 4 x  sin 1
 4x 

 
2 
Clearly domain of f (x) is x = 1 only, so f(1) = 0  sin 1    .
4 6

Hence range of f (x) is   Ans. ]
6
56.
[Sol.  sin–1 is defined for [– 1, 1]
 a=0

 x + y = sin–1 1 + cos–1 1 – tan–11 =
4

Clearly image about x axis will be x – y = ]
4
57.
[Sol. Let tan–1u =   tan  = u
tan–1 v =   tan  = v
tan–1w =   tan  = w
s1  s 3 0  (11) 11
tan ( +  + ) = 1  s = 1  (10) = =1
2 11

  +  +  = tan–1(1) = Ans.]
4
58.
[Sol. sin–1 (sin 3) + tan–1 (tan 3) + sec–1 (sec 3)
=–3+3– +3=3 ]
59.
[Sol. f (x) + f (–x) = 2
now (sin–1(sin 8)) = 3 – 8 = y
and (tan–1 (tan 8)) = (8 – 3)
hence f (y) + f (– y) = 2
given f (y) =   f (– y) = 2 –  Ans.]
60.
    y
[Sol. Given (cot–1x) (tan–1x) +  2   cot–1x – 3tan–1x – 3  2   > 0
 2  2
(0,) y=
 1    1 
 cot–1x  tan x  2    3 tan x  2   > 0 y=3
 2  2 y=2

 1  1  y=0
 As tan x    cot x  (cot3,0) (cot2,0) O(0,0)
x
 2 
 (cot x – 3) (2 – cot x) > 0  (cot–1x – 3) (cot–1x – 2) < 0
–1 –1 –1
Graph of y = cot x
–1
 2 < cot x < 3 cot3 < x < cot2 –1
(As cot x is a decreasing function.)
Hence x  (cot3, cot2) ]
61.
a 13
[Sol. On solving, we get =  13 + 7 = 20 Ans.]
b 7
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62.
[Sol. We have a + b + c = 1
ab + bc + ca = 3
and abc = – 4
Let tan–1a = ; tan–1b = ; tan–1c = 
 = + + 
(a  b  c)  abc 1  4 5 25 29 m
tan = = =  sec2= 1  sec = =
1   ab 1 3 2 4 2 n
Hence m + n = 31 Ans.]
63.

1 x y  xy x2 y2
[Sol. We have cos  cos 1 =     1  2 1  2 = – sin 
a b 2 ab a b

xy x2 y2
 + sin  = 1 1 
ab a2 b2
On squaring both the sides, we get
x 2y2 2+
2xy x 2 y2 x 2y2
 + sin sin  = 1 –  
a 2b 2 ab a 2 b2 a 2b2
 b2x2 +a2y2 + 2ab xysin= a2b2cos2  a2b2 ]
64.
[Sol. 
Consider F(x) = cot cos 1 (| sin x |  | cos x |)  sin 1 (  | cos x |  | sin x |) 
But |sin x | + |cos x|  [1, 2] xR
 
 F(x) = cot (cos–1(1) + sin–1 (–1)) = cot  0   = 0 = g(3) (As F(x) = 0,  x  DF ) ]
 2
65.
[Sol. For domain of f(x) = 3 cos1 (4x )   , we must have

 1 1
cos–1 4x   4x  x .......(1)
3 2 8
1 1
Also –1  4x  1  x ........ (2)
4 4
 1 1
 From (1) and (2), we get x   , ]
4 8 
66.
b
[Sol. We have b sin–1 x + b cos–1 x = ...... (1)
2
and a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c ...... (2) (given)
b
 On adding (1) and (2), we get (a + b) sin–1 x = +c
2
b a
c c
–1 2 –1 2
 sin x = . Similarly cos x =
ab ab

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ab  c(a  b)
Hence (a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x) = ]
ab
67.
[Sol. We have 1 + sin (cos–1 x) + sin2 (cos–1 x) + ........  = 2
1 1 1

 1
1  sin cos x  =2 
2
 
= 1 – sin cos 1 x  sin (cos–1 x) =
2
 3
 cos–1 x =  x = Ans. ]
6 2
68.
 3  3 6
[Sol. We have tan–1  x   – tan–1  x   = tan–1
 x   x  x

 3  3 
 x   x   
 x  x  6 9
 tan–1  3 = tan–1  x2– =0  x4 = 9
 3  x x2
 1   x   x   
  x  x
Hence (5x8 – 4x4 + 7) = 5(81) – 4(9) + 7 = 405 – 36 + 7 = 412 – 36 = 376. ]
69.
[Sol. Let S = 7 + 19 + 39 + 67 +...... + Tn
S = 0 + 7 + 19 + 39 +.......... + Tn-1 + Tn
(Subtracting) – – – – – – –
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Tn = 7 + 12 + 20 + 28 +...... + (Tn  Tn  1)
( n  1)
=7+ [ 24 + 8 (n  2) ] = 4 n2 + 3
2
4 1 1
 Tn = tan 1 = tan 1 = tan 1
4n  32
n  3
2
4 
1  n2  1
4 
= tan 1   2  
 n1  n1 
2 
= tan

 1  1
1  n    tan 1  n  
 
1 n  1 n  1 
 2 2 

 2  2

  1 1 1 1
Hence S =  Tn =  tan 1 = tan 1 1 + tan 1 + tan 1  tan 1 = tan–11 + cot 1 3 ]
n 1 2 2 2 3 2
70.
x3 x5 x2 x3
[Sol. We must have x–  – ........ = x + + + ......
4 16 2 4
x x 4x 2x
 =  =  2x2 (x + 2) = 0
x2 x 4  x 2 2x
1 1
4 2
 x = 0, –2 ( As 0 < | x | < 2 )
Clearly, no value of x satisfies given equaton. ]
71.
   sin 1 x 
[Sol.  –  sin–1x   –  
2 2 10 5 10

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  
and tan x  1 for any x    ,  ]
 10 10 
72.
1
[Sol. We have T1 = tan–1 – tan–10
3

1 1
T2 = tan–1 – tan–1
2 3

3 1
T3 = tan–1 – tan–1
5 2
  

 n   n 1
Tn = tan–1   – tan–1  
n2  n 1

n
 n 
 On adding all above equation, we get Sn =  Tr = tan–1  
r 1 n2

 n  
Hence S = Limit tan 1   = tan–11 = Ans. ]
n  n2 4

PASSAGE 1
[Sol.
a A
(i) We have tan A = ; d1 = R cos A etc.
2d1
X3 X2
d2
b c d3
|||ly tan B = and tan C = X
2d 2 2d 3 R A d1
B C
In  ABC, tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A · tan B · tan C a/2 X1

a b c abc
 + + =
2d1 2d 2 2d 3 8d1d 2d 3

a b c  abc
 4     =   = 4 Ans.
 d1 d 2 d 3  d1d 2d 3
 2   cos A cos B cos C 
Alternatively: 4[h1d1 + h2d2 + h3d3] = 4  R cos A  ........ = 8R   
 a   a b c 
(ii)  a (d 2  d3 ) = a(R cos B + R cos C) + b(R cos C + R cos A) + c(R cos A + R cos B)
= R[a cos B + a cos C + b cos C + b cos A + c cos A + c cos B]
= R(a + b + c)  k = 1 (using projection rule) Ans.
2
(iii) aha = 2  ha =
a
2 2 2 d d d 
hence  h a d1 = d1  d2  d 3 = 2  1  2  3 
a a a a a a

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 R cos A R cos B R cos C 

= 2    
 a b C 

 b 2  c 2  a 2 c2  a 2  b 2 a 2  b 2  c2 
= 2R  2abc

2abc

2abc


 

2R 2 a 2  b2  c 2
=
abc
a  
b 2
 c 
= 4
hence 4  h a ·d1 = (a2 + b2 + c2)  t = 4 Ans. ]

PASSAGE 2
[Sol.

3
We have x + 6x + 3 = 0 

++=0

1    1 1 1 
Now,   
A  cos1 sin ( ) 1    1   1 = cos  sin        
      

             6    
=  sin 1  sin    =  sin 1  sin    =    2    2  
2     2    3  2  2
B = cos (tan–1 (sin 0)) = 1
 As x 3  6x  3  ( x  )(x  )(x  ) 
C = sec 1 cos ec (1  ) (1  ) (1  ) 
 
 Putting x  1, we get (1  )(1  )(1  )  10 
 1   5 
=  cos ec cos ec 10   (3  10)  10   .
2 2  2 
(i) We have g(x) = x2 – 2Bx + k = x2 – 2x + k (As B = 1)
For range of g (x) to be [0, ),
put discriminant = 0, so
4 – 4k = 0  k = 1. Ans.
   5 
(ii) On putting values of A, B and C, we get (5A + B – C) = 5  2    1  10    1 .
 2  2 

(5A  C) x 5  6Bx 2
(iii) We have f ( x ) 
x 4  (B  1) x 3  1

  5 
Now (5A – C) = 0, B = 1  As A  2  , B  1, C  10  
 2 2 

 0 , x0
6x 2  6
 f(x) = 4 =  , x0
x 1 1
 x2  2
 x

 2 1 
Hence f ( x ) .  3  Range of f(x) is [0, 3]
max
 As x  2  2  ]
 x 

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PASSAGE 3
[Sol.
Q (2) = cos263° + cos257° + cos 63° · cos 57°
= 1 – sin263° + cos257° + cos 63° · cos 57°
1
= 1 + cos 120° · cos 6° + (cos 120° + cos 6°)
2
1 1  1 1
=1– cos 6° +    + cos 6°
2 2  2 2
1 3 3 3
=1– =  log1. 3   = log 4 3   = – 1 Ans(i)
4 4 4 4
8 8 1 4
now P2 ( x )  · 
9 9 2 9
100 100
8  4
hence  P2 ( x )  =  = y (say)
9  9
log y = 200 [log 2 – log 3] = – 35.62 = 36.38  35 zero's Ans.(iii)
now 12P4 ( x )  P6 ( x ) 
= 3(sin4x + cos4x) – 2(sin6x + cos6x)
= 3[(sin2x + cos2x)2 – 2 sin2x · cos2x] – 2[(sin2x + cos2x)(sin4x – sin2x cos2x + cos4x)]
= 3[1 – 2 sin2x · cos2x] – 2[1 – 3 sin2x cos2x]
= 3 – 6 sin2x · cos2x – 2 + 6 sin2x cos2x
= 1 Ans.(ii)]

PASSAGE 4
[Sol.
(i) Let x = a, y = ar and z = ar2
using triangle inequality
  1 5 1  5 
 a + ar > ar2  r2 – r – 1 < 0  r   2 , 2  ....(1)
 
a + ar2 > ar  r2 – r + 1 > 0  r  R ....(2)
 1 5    1 5 
and ar + ar2 > a  r2 + r – 1 > 0  r    , 2
 
  2
,   ....(3)
   
(1)  (2)  (3)
  1 5 1  5 
 r   2 , 2 
 
sin Y y
(ii)  = = r and it can take only one integral value : 1 (using Sine law)
sin X x

 sin Z  z  sin Z 
(iii)   = = r  max.  sin Y  = max. (r) is not defined  (D) ]
 sin Y  y  

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PASSAGE 5
[Sol.
(i) Since A, H, I, O, B are concyclic, so
 AHB = AIB =  AOB
(Angles of chord AB subtended at same side of are AB in corresponding circle
Here  AHB =  –  BAH –  HBA C

   
=  –   B    A  = A + B =  – C
2  2 
and  AOB = 2C
I
 • •O
  – C = 2C  C = •H
3
A B
 
(ii)  ABH =  A and  OBC =  A
2 2
  ABH =  OBC = 
C
B
Also  IBA = =  IBC
2
B B  
  IBH =  IBO = – =    A O
2 2 2  •
I•
B  ABC AC H• 
= A  =
2  2  2  B
A
 HI & OI will be chords of equal length.
Hence HI : IO = 1
A C
(iii) If AH = HI then  
2
 AC
 A    – 2A = A – C   + C = 3A
2 2
 4 2
 3A =   , A= & B =  –A– C =
3 9 9
 2 
 A, C, B are in A.P.  Common difference = C – B = – = Ans. ]
3 9 9
PASSAGE 6
[Sol. Angles BEC, ABD, ABE and BAC are in A.P.
Let BEC =  – 3, ABD =  – , ABE =  +  and BAC =  + 3
Now,  – 3 = ( + 3) + ( + ) [using exterior angle theorem]
  = – 7
 7
 = , =
24 24

and from ABD,  –  +  + 3 =
2
 
 2 + 2 =  +=
2 4

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  
 B = 2( + ) = , A = , C =
2 6 3
 ABC is a 30°–90°–60° triangle
2
1 
(i) Area of the circle circumscribing ABC =   = Ans.
 2 4

2
31
 
 2 2 1
(ii) BOC is equilateral  r = = 13 = Ans.
s   4 3
22

 1  3
(iii) BD = OBsin = sin =
3 2 3 4
3
 BB' = 2BD = Ans. ]
2
More then One Option are Corrected.

91.
[Sol. We have
E = cos2 + cos2 ( + ) + cos2 ( +  + ) – 2cos cos ( + ) cos (+  + )
= cos2 + cos2 ( + ) + cos2 ( +  + ) – cos (    )  cos (  (  )) cos ( +  + )
= cos2 + cos2 ( + ) – cos (   )     cos (  )   

= cos2 + cos2 ( + ) – cos 2 (   ) – sin 2  
= 1 Ans.]
92.
9 9
[Sol. We have sin4x + cos4x = 1
5 4
9 4 9
 tan x + = sec4x (on divide throughout by cos4x)
5 4
9 4 9
 tan x + = (1 + tan2x)2
5 4
 16 tan x – 40 tan2x + 25 = 0  (4 tan2x – 5)2 = 0
4

5
 tan2x =
4
5 9 4 9
Now, sec2x = 1 + tan2x = 1 + = and cosec2x = 1 + cot2x = 1 + =
4 4 5 5
 729   729 
Hence 64 sec6x + 125 cosec6x =  64   + 125   = 1458 Ans.]
 64   125 
93.
[Sol. 2 2 2 2 2 2
sin 4   4 cos 2   cos 4   4 sin 2  = (1  cos )  4 cos   (1  sin )  4 sin 
= (1 + cos2) + (1 + sin2) = 2 + (cos2 + sin2) = 3  B, C]

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94.
1 1 25 – 263
[Sol. Square and add to get 2 + 2cos( – ) =  =  cos    
16 9 144 288
  3
Also using C-D relation, we get tan = Now intepret.]
2 4
95.
[Sol. simplifying 2 cos2x + 2 cos x = 0
cos x = 0 or cos x = – 1  B, D]
96.
n n
1 1
[Sol. We have fn() =  4n sin 4 (2 n ) =  4n sin 2 (2n ) (1 – cos2(2n ) )
n0 n0

n
1  2 n 1 
= n
sin (2 )  sin 2 (2 n 1 )
n04  4 
n
1 1 
 fn() =   4n sin 2 (2n )  4n 1 sin 2 (2n 1 )
n0

 1  1 1   1 2 2 1 2 3 
 fn() =  sin 2   sin 2 (2)    sin 2 (2)  2 sin 2 (2 2 )  +  2 sin (2 )  3 sin (2 ) 
 4  4 4  4 4 
 1 2 n 1 1 2 n   1 2 n 1 2 n 1 
+ ................+  n 1 sin (2 )  n sin (2 )  +  n sin (2 )  n 1 sin (2 ) 
4 4  4 4 
1
Hence fn () = sin2 – n 1 sin2(2n + 1 )
4
2
 2  1    1  1
(A) f2   = sin  sin 2  8   =   0 = False
4 4 64  4  2  2

 1
1  cos 1
 2  1   4 0 = 2 2 1 2 2 2
(B) f3   = sin  sin 2 16   = =  = False
8 8 256  8 2 2 2 2 2 4
 3  3 1  3 
(C) f4   = sin 2  sin 2  32   = (–1)2 – 0 = 1True
 2  2 1024  2 

2 1
(D) f5() = sin   sin 2 (64 ) = (0)2 – 0 = 0 True ]
4096
97.
[Sol. We have

 n    
sin         (n  1) 
6  4   4  6     n  
f() = 2     n  =
sin    (n  1)  sin    
2  cot    (n  1) 4   cot    4 
    
n 1 n 1
 4  4 

  3  
= 2  cot   cot    2  
 
= 2 (cot  + tan ) =
  2 
2  tan   cot   2 


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 
 f min .     = 2 2 ]
 4
98.
 2 3
[Sol. We have E = cos2 + cos2 + cos2
7 7 7
2 4 6 2 4 6 
1  cos 1  cos 1  cos 3 1 
= 7  7  7 =   cos  cos  cos 
2 2  7 7 7
2 2 2
S

Now, S = cos 2 + cos 4 + cos 6, where  =
7
 2S sin  = sin 3 – sin sin 5 – sin 3sin 7 – sin 5= sin
 7  sin 
zero

1 3 1 5
 S=–  E=  
2 2 4 4
3
Clearly1 < E < ]
2
99.
[Sol. (A) We have cos4  – sin4  + 2sin2 = (cos2  + sin2 ) (cos2  – sin2 ) + 2 sin2 
= cos2  – sin2  + 2 sin2 = cos2  + sin2  = 1
(B) We have sin2  cos2  + cos2  sin2  + sin2  sin2  + cos2  cos2 
= (sin2  + cos2 ) cos2  + (cos2  + sin2 ) sin2  = cos2  + sin2  = 1
(C) We have sin (285° – ) cos ( + 165°) + sin ( + 165°) cos ( – 285°)
= sin (285° –  +  + 165°) = sin 450° = sin 90° = 1.
sin 2  cos 2 
(D) We have (1 + cot2 ) + (1 + tan2 )
2 2
(sin 2 )(cos ec 2) (cos2 )(sec 2 ) 1 1
= + = + =1 ]
2 2 2 2
100.

   1 1 
sin  n  sin  n 1  n 
      2  2 2 
[Sol. We have T n = tan  n  sec  n 1  = =
2
   2           

cos n  cos n 1  cos n  cos n 1 
2  2  2  2 

     
= tan  n 1  – tan  n 
2  2 
n
         
 fn() =   tan n 1   tan n   =  tan   tan n 
n 1  2  2   2 

 2  
Now, f3(2) = tan 2 – tan   = 0 – tan = –1
 8  4
 4  4  4  
f4   = tan – tan  = 3 – tan 12 = 3 – ( 2  3 ) = 2 ( 3  1)
 3  3  3  16 

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 TRIGONOMETRY FLM – 2017

 4  
f5(4) = tan 4 – tan   = 0 – tan = – ( 2  1) = (1  2 )
 32  8
 48   3 
f6(48) = tan 48 – tan   = 0 – tan   = –(–1) = 1 ]
 64   4 
102.
[Sol. We have
ln (tan x) = 0
 tan x = 1
 option (A), (B), (C), (D) are correct]
103.
[Sol.
(A) (tan  + cot )2
= tan2 + cot2 + 2
= (1 + tan2) + (1 + cot2)
= sec2 + cosec2
1 1
= +
cos  sin 2 
2

= sec2 cosec2
(B) As 3 = 2 + 
 tan 3 = tan (2 + )
tan 2  tan 
tan 3 =
1  tan 2 tan 
 tan 3 – tan 2 – tan  = tan 3 tan 2 tan 
1  cot 2  cos ec 2 sin 2   cos2 
(C) = = = sec2  + cosec2 
1  sin 2  cos2  sin 2  cos2 

     1  tan    1  tan   (1  tan ) 2  (1  tan ) 2

(D) tan     + tan    =  + =
4  4   1  tan    1  tan   1  tan 2 

(1  tan 2 ) 2
=2 2 = = 2 sec 2 ]
(1  tan ) cos 2
104.
[Sol. Let x = cos 
3
4 cos3 – 3 cos  = –
2
5 5 2n 5
cos 3 = cos  3 = 2n ±  = ±
6 6 3 18
5
put n = 0,  =
18
2 5 17 2 5 7
n = 1,  = + = ; = – = ]
3 18 18 3 18 18
105.
[Sol. We have
 5 1  3 5
(sin 27° – cos 27°)2 = 1 – 2 sin 27° cos 27° = 1 – sin 54° = 1 –  4  =
  4

3 5
 | sin 27° – cos 27° | =
2
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
But for 0 <  < , sin  – cos  < 0,
4

3 5
So sin 27° – cos 27° = – Ans.
2
Alternatively:sin 27° – sin 63°
– 2 cos 45° sin 18°
 5 1 
 2   =  5  1 Ans. ]
4 
  2 2
106.
s (s  b) s (s  c) 2s(s  a )
[Sol. Given  
  
s – b + s – c = 2(s – a)  b + c = 2a  B, D]
107.
[Sol. The fact that the two circumcircles are congruent means the chord AD must subtend the same angle in
both the circles.
i.e. ABC = ACB
  ABC is isosceles.
Now AM is the altitude of ABC
18 ·12 1
AM = 12  Area = = 108 ( = (base )(altitude )
2 2
12  4
Also tan B = tan C =  B = tan–1  
9  3

 4  1 2 ·( 4 3) 
 A =  – 2 tan–1   =  –    tan 1  (16 9) 
 3  

1  24 
= tan    B, C, D]
 7 
108.
AB AB C
[Sol. We have 2 cos cos = 4 sin2 [QUIZ]
2 2 2
AB C  C A  B
or cos = 2 sin  sin  cos 
2 2  2 2 
AB AB
or cos = 2 cos
2 2
AB AB AB
or cos  cos = cos
2 2 2
A B A B A B
2 sin sin = cos cos  sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B
3 sin sin = cos cos
2 2 2 2

A B 1
or tan tan =
2 2 3

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  1 sc 1
Now · = ; =
s (s  a ) s (s  b) 3 s 3
 2s = 3c a + b + c = 3c
 a + b = 2c  a , c , b are in A.P. ]
109.
[Sol. We have AE = EP = AP = 1  AP = PT = 1
 APT is isosceles
This makes AET a 30°–60°–90° triangle,
so AT = 3 x and ATX = 150°
Since TX = 2
 By applying Cosine rule in ATX, we get
(AX)2 = 3 + 4 – 4 3 cos 150 = 7 + 6 = 13  AX = 13
13  1  16 2 1
 cos XAE = = =  A, B, C are correct]
(2) ( 13 ) (1) 2 13 13
110.
   
[Sol. (A) r= ; r1 = ; r2 = ; r3 =  (A) is correct
s sa sb sc
A s s 4s 2 (a  b  c ) 2
(B)  cot 2
=

[(s  a )  (s  b )  (s  c )] =

[s ] =
4
=
4

(a  b  c ) 2
 A = 4  (B) is correct
 2 cot

(C) Using a2 + b2 – c2 = 2ab cos C

sin B
given (a2 + b2 – c2)tan B = 2ab cos C  4  (C) is NOT correct
cos B
Note: C could not be correct if tan B  tan C
(D) b2 sin 2C + c2 sin 2B
using b = k sin B, b [k sin B ·2sin C cos C]  c k sin C 2sin B cos B
2bc sin B cos C + 2bc sin C cos B
2bc(sin B cos C + cos C sin B)
2bc sin(B + C) = 2bc sin A = 4  (D) is correct ]
111.

   
[Sol. Let sin 1 x  2 =   where   0,   ......(i)
  2 
then (x – 2) = sin2   3 – x = 1 – (x – 2) = 1 – sin2 = cos2
1
  = cos 3 x .....(ii)

cos2  3 x  3 x 
Also cot2 = =   = cot–1  
 ......(iii)
sin 2  x2  x  2 

Also, sin2 = 2sin cos = 2 x  2 3  x

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
 1
 
 sin 2 ( x  2) (3  x ) , if 0    4
 2 =   


  sin 1 2 ( x  2) (3  x ) , if
4

 
2


 1
 
sin 2 (x  2) (3  x ) , if 0    4
 =    ......(iv)

 4

cos 1 2 ( x  2) (3  x ) , if   
2

From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) it is clear that

3 x
y = cos–1 3  x , y = sin–1 x  2 and y = cot–1
x2

  1 1  
 2 2

have identical graphs in the range  0,  but y = sin 2 (3  x )(x  2) has range   0, 
 4
]

112.
1 1
[Sol. We have tan A = and tan B = .
7 3
1
1
1  tan 2 A 49 48 24
Now cos 2A = 2 = = = .
1  tan A 1  1 50 25
49

1 1
2  1
2 tan B  3 3 9 8 4
Also sin 2B = 2 = 1 = and cos 2B = 1 = = .
1  tan B 1 5 1 10 5
9 9

 3  4  24
Also sin 4B = 2 sin 2B cos 2B = 2     = . ]
5  5 25
113.
[Sol.
(A) For domain of y = cos–1(ex), 0 < ex 1  x 0 or x (– , 0]
For range of y =   x , – y= x
 x 0 – y  0  y  (– , 0]
 Domain of y = cos–1(ex) is identical with range of y =   x .

tan 1 (1) , x  0
   
(B) y = tan–1(sgn x) = tan 1 0 , for x  0  Range of y = tan–1(sgn x) is  , 0, 
tan 1 (1) ,  4 4
 x  0

  3   
Also, y = cot–1(sgn x) =  tan 1 (sgn x )  Range of y = cot–1(sgn x) is  , , 
2  4 2 4

 Number of elements common in the range of y = tan–1(sgn x) and y = cot–1sgn x is only one i.e .
4
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(C) y = sgn (cot–1x) = 1 x  R

 y = sgn (cot–1x) and y = 1 are identical functions.
   
(D) 1 < log2 (tan–1x) < 2  21 < tan–1x < 22  Not possible.  As  tan 1 x   2  ]
 2 2 
114.
[Sol. We have f(x) = cos–1 (–{–x})
Df = R
As 0  {–x} < 1  x  R
 –1 < – {–x}
 
So Rf =  ,  
2 
Clearly, f is neither even nor odd.
But f (x + 1) = f (x)  f is periodic with period 1. ]
115.
3 1
 5   3   1  
1 1 1 1 1 4 2
[Sol. B = sec    cos ec 5 = tan    tan   = tan  tan 1 2
4
  4
  2
  3 1
1 ·
4 2

 7 13 
25
  9 7 13   
1     1  
C = cosec–1    cot   = tan–1    tan   = tan 1  24 9   tan 1 3
 7   13   24  9  1  7 ·13 
 
 24 9 
  A =  –  B –  C =  – tan–1 2 – tan–1 3 = tan–11
1 2 3
 sin A = , sin B = and sin C =
2 5 10
c 1 3 c 2 3
 a = sin A · = ·  5 and b = sin B ·  ·  2
sin C 2  3  sin C 5  3 
   
 10   10 
(1) tan A = 1, tan B = 2, tan C = 3 are in A.P. Ans. (A)
(2) The triangle with sides a2, b4 and c will have side-length 5, 4 and 3 respectively
hypotenuse 5
 distance between orthocentre and circumcentre = circumradius = = Ans.
2 2
1 1 3 3
(3) Area of ABC,  = ab sin C = · 5 · 2 · = = r·s
2 2 10 10
All other parameters are irrational. Ans. (D) ]
116.
1
[Sol. f (x) = | sin–1x | + cos–1  
x
Domain of f (x) is {–1, 1}
 3
f (1) = , f (–1) =
2 2
So function f (x) is injective
sgn(f (x)) = 1 (f (x) > 0)

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  3 
Range of f(x) =  ,  ]
2 2 
117.
 x x  x 
[Sol. sin–1  sin  = ;  –    –x  B, C, D]
 2 2 2 2 2
118.
 
[Sol. As  sin 1 x   – 1  x  1
2 2
3 2
   
2
 
2
0  sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z  
2

4
3 2
  
2
 
2
 sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z 
4

2
is possible if x, y, z  {–1, 1}
 Possible values of x – y + z from the ordered triplet (x, y, z) are as follows :
__________________________
(x, y, z) x–y+z
__________________________
(– 1, –1, –1) –1
(– 1, 1, 1) –1
(1, – 1, 1) 3
(1, 1, – 1) –1
(1, 1, 1) 1
(1, – 1, – 1) –1
(– 1, 1, – 1) –3
(– 1, – 1, 1) 1
__________________________
Hence set of values of x – y + z is {±1, ± 3) ]
119.

 
 2x ; 0x 
2
  3
[Sol. f(x) =   ; x
 2 2
4   2 x ; 3
 x  2
 2
Clearly f(x) is periodic function with period 2. The graph of f (x) is shown below.
Y



x=0 X]
 3 5 7
2 2 2 2
120.
[Sol. Domain of sin–1x and cos–1x,each is [–1, 1] and that of sec–1 x and cosec–1 x, each is (–, –1]  [1, )
 Domain of f(x) must be {–1, 1}  Range of f(x) will be {f(–1), f(1)}
where f(–1) = sin–1(–1) · cos–1(–1) · tan–1(–1) · cot–1(–1) · sec–1(–1) · cosec–1(–1)
      3       3 6
=   ·  · ·  · · = and f(1) = 0 {as cos–1 1 = 0}
 2   4  4   2  64

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(i) Thus, the graph of f(x) is a two point graph which doesn't lie above x - axis.

 3 6
(ii) f(x)max= 0 and f(x)min =
64
3 6
Hence f ( x ) max  f ( x ) min 
64

(iii) f(x) is one-one hence injective.

(iv) Domain is {–1, 1}

 Number of non-negative integers in the domain of f(x) is one.]

Subjected

121.
[Sol. We have
 2  11   2 2 10   2 3 9   2 4 8 
a =  tan  tan 2    tan  tan 2    tan  tan 2    tan  tan 2 
 24 24   24 24   24 24   24 24 

 2 5 7    2 6 
+  tan  tan 2    tan 
 24 24   24 

 2
 1  2
 2 
= tan  cot 2  
2
 2
 +  2 3  2 3       
2
2 1  2 1   
2
   3  
 24 24    3 

 2 5 5 
+  tan  cot 2   1
 24 24 
Applying (tan2 + cot2) = 2 + 4 cot22
 70 2 5
= 2 + 4 cot2 + + 2 + cot +1
12 3 12
85 85 253
=
3 
 2
  2
 4 2  3  2  3  =
 3

 4( 2)( 4  3) =
3
 2  11   2 2 10   2 3 9 
|||ly b =  tan  tan 2    tan  tan 2    tan  tan 2 
 24 24   24 24   24 24 

 2 4 8   5 7   2 6 
–  tan  tan 2    tan 2  tan 2    tan 
 24 24   24 24   24 

 2  
=  tan
 24 24  
 cot 2  – 2  3 2  2  3     + 
2
2 1   
2
2 1 
2

 1  2 2
–     3   +  tan 2 5 5 
 cot 2  – 1
 3    24 24 

 2   1   2 5 
=  2  4 cot  – [2 × (4 + 3)] + 2(2 + 1) –   3  +  2  4 cot  –1
 12  3   12 

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10

= 2 + 4 2 3 2
– 14 + 6 –
3 
+ 2 + 4 2 3 
2
–1

10 10 153  10 143
= 4(2)(4 + 3) – 5 – = 51 – = =
3 3 3 3
 253  143 506  143 363
 (2a – b) = 2  = = = 121
 3  3 3 3
 143  253 286  253 33
and (2b – a) = 2 3   3 = = = 11
1
  3 3
Hence log(2b – a)(2a – b) = 2 Ans. ]

122.
[Sol.
(A) We have 4[(cos 24° + cos 48°) – (cos 84° + cos 12°)] = 4[2 cos 36° cos 12° – 2 cos 48° cos 36°]
= 8 cos 36° [cos 12° – cos 48°] = 8 cos 36° [2sin 30°sin18°]
5 1 1 5  1 5 1 4
= 16 × × × = = =2
4 2 4 2 2
(B) We have x3 – 8(a – b) x2 + (2a – 3b) x – 4(b + 1) = 0

tan  tan  tan 

 tan  = 8(a – b)
 tan  tan  = (2a – 3b)
and  tan  = 4(b + 1)
 tan    tan  8(a  b)  4(b  1) 4(2a  2b  b  1)
Now, tan () = 1   tan  tan  = =
1  (2a  3b) (1  2a  3b)
4(2a  3b  1) 1
= = – 4  cot () = –
(1  2a  3b) 4
 8 cot () = – 2
Hence | AB | = 4 ]

123.
[Sol.  Centroid divides line joining orthocentre & circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1

 7 5 
 2   1 2 2   1 4 
 2 , 2 
 A =  2 1 2  1  = (3, 3)
 
 
 OA = 3 2
x coordinate of point P = OA cos 45° + AB cos 45° + BC cos 45° .........
 OA OA  1 OA 2
= cos 45°  OA    ........ = × = 3 2  6
 2 4  2 1 2
1
2
y-coordinate of P = OA sin 45° – AB sin 45° + BC sin 45° ..........
= sin 45° (OA – AB + BC ........ )

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1  OA OA  1 OA 2 2 3 2
=  OA   ......... = = OA = =2
2  2 4  2 1   1  3 2 3 2
 
 P  (6,2)  2
  +  = 8 Ans. ]

124.
[Sol. Let E = sec  + sec 2 + sec 4, where 7 = 2
1 1 1 cos 2 cos 4  cos 4 cos   cos  cos 2
=   =
cos  cos 2 cos 4 cos  cos 2 cos 4
1 2
But cos  cos 2 cos 4 = where =
8 7
Hence E = 4 [2 cos2cos4 + 2 cos4cos + 2 coscos2]
= 4 [cos6 + cos2 + cos5 + cos3+ cos3 + cos]
= 8 [cos + cos2 + cos3]
(As cos6 = cosand cos5 = cos2)  2 
As   7 , so 
Now let S = cos +cos2 + cos3  2 4 8 
    cos  cos 2 cos 4  cos cos cos 
2 sin S=2sin cos+2sin cos2 + 2sin cos3  7 7 7
2 2 2 2  3 2 2 4 8 16 
2 sin cos cos cos sin
3  5 3  7 7 7 7  7 
  
= sin – sin + sin – sin 2 2
2 2 2 2  8 sin 8 sin 
 7 7 
7 5  7 
 sin  2  2   
+ sin – sin = – sin (as sin = sin  = 0)   7  1 
2 2 2 2  2

8 
 8 sin 
1  7 
 S=–
2
Hence E=–4  | E | = 4 Ans.]

125.
[Sol. 1< 2 < 3
  is opposite to side 1
2 2
cos  = ; cos2 =
3 3
4 1
cos 2 = 2 cos2 – 1 = 1 =
3 3
1 7
cos 4 = 2 cos22 – 1 = 2 ·  1 = –
9 9
49 98  81 17
cos 8 = 2 cos24 – 1 = 2 · 1 = = Ans. ]
81 81 81

126.

12
[Sol. sin  =
37

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20
cos  =
101
sin( + ) = sin  cos  + cos  sin 
12 20  35   99  240  (35) (99) 3705
= · +    = =
37 101  37   101  (37)(101) 3737
3737 p
 cosec( + ) = =  (p + q) = 7442 Ans.]
3705 q
127.
[Sol. We have
 5   5   5   5   5   5 
210 sin  11  cos 11  cos 10  cos 9 ..... cos 3  cos 2 
2  2  2  2  2  2 
10
2
5
sin
= 2  sin 450  1  1
10
2 210 210 1024
 Reciprocal of the value of the product = 1024 Ans. ]

128.
[Sol. (A) We have
11  3  3
x = cot = cot     = cot = 2 1
8  8  8
 (x + 1)2 = 2
 x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
Now, consider
x4 + 4x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 7
x 2  2x  1) + 2x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 7
= x2 ( 
(  0)

x 2  2 x  1) + 6
= 2x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 7 = 2x ( x 2  2x  1) – x2 – 2x + 7 = – x2 – 2x + 7 = – (
 
(  0) (  0)
 A=6
1  cos 8 1  cos8 2 sin 2 4 2 cos2 4
(B) We have, + = + = 2 (cos2 4 + sin2 4) = 2
tan 2 4 cot 2 4 tan 2 4 cot 2 4
 AB = 12 Ans.]
 m + n = 6 + 17 = 23 Ans.]

129.
2 sin  2 cos 
[Sol. S=  + .............
sin 2 cos 2

4 sin 3 4 cos 3 8 cos 7 16 cos15

S= + + +
sin 4 cos 4 cos 8 cos16

8 sin 7 8 cos 7 16 cos15 16 sin 15 16 cos15

S= + + = +
sin 8 cos 8 cos16 sin 16 cos16
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32 sin 31 32 sin 

= = = 0 Ans. ]
sin 32 sin 32 / 31
130.
 4   4    4  
[Sol. 1  tan 3 1  tan 4 .........1  tan n 
 2  2   2 

 2  2   2  2    2  2  
 cos 3  sin 3  cos 4  sin 4 .......... cos n  sin n 
 2 2  2 2   2 2 
=
  
cos 4 3 ·cos 4 4 ..........cos 4 n
2 2 2

   1
cos · cos .........cos
= 22 23 2 n 1 = 2
   3
cos 4 3 ·cos 4 3 ..........cos 4 n      4 
2 2 2  cos 3 ·cos 4 ......cos n 1  ·cos n
 2 2 2  2

   
   2 ·sin n 1
 cos n 1
........cos 4
·cos 3
Let M = cos · cos ........ cos = 2 2 2 2
23 24 2 n 1 
2 sin n 1
2


sin
M= 22

2 n 3 ·sin n 1
2

1   
 sin n 1 
3 3
2  n 3   1  2   1
 Sn = Lim  2 ·sin n 1   = 2 Lim     
2  cosn      4  cos n 
3 n 
n   1  
  2 n  2 n 1  2n
 2
3
  3
=2·   = ]
4 32

131.
[Sol. Given R : r = 3 : 1.5 = 2  ABC must be equilateral.

So a = b = c = 2R sin = R 3 (By sine rule)
3
2 3 4
 1  2 1  3 1 
Now acot2A + b2cot3B
+ = R 3 c3cot4C
  R 3    R 3      
 3  3  3
R R2 R3 3  32  33 39
=   = = = = m n
3 3 3 3 3 13 3
Hence (m + n) = 16 Ans. ]

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132.
[Sol. We have a2 + c2 = b2 ........ (1)
A
and a2 + b2 + c2 = 294 ........ (2) (Given)
from (1) and (2) we get
b
2b2 = 294  b2 = 147  b = 7 3 c
Now 2s = 12 + 8 3  a + b + c = 12  8 3
 a + c + 7 3 = 12  8 3  a + c = 12  3 B a C
From (1), we get
a2 + c2 = b2  (a + c)2 – 2ac = b2  12  3 2 – 2ac = 7 3 2
1
147 + 24 3 – 2ac = 147  2ac = 24 3  ac = 12 3  ac = 6 3
2
Hence 2 = 108 Ans. ]

133.
 cos A   cos B   cos C 
[Sol. We have (a cotA + b cotB + c cotC) = 2R sinA   + 2R sinB   + 2R sinC  
 sin A   sin B   sin C 
 r
= 2R (cosA + cosB + cosC) = 2R 1   = 2(R + r) = 2(10 + 3) = 26. ]
 R

134.
1 1 1
[Sol. = ·210·a = ·195·b = ·182·c
2 2 2
210 a 14 210 a 15 A
 b=  a ;c=  a
195 13 182 13
F E
14 a 15 a (13  14  15) a b
Hence 2s = a +   c
13 13 13
42 a 21a B D a C
2s =  s=
13 13

21a  8a   7a   6a  84a 2
=     =
13  13   13   13  169

1 84 a 2 105 ·169 15 ·169 845

But  = · 210 · a = ; a=   ;  m + n = 849 Ans.]
2 169 84 12 4
135.
[Sol. Using Sine law,
27 48 sin 3 16 16
    3 – 4 sin2 =
sin  sin 3 sin  9 9
16 11 11
 4 sin2 = 3 – =  sin2 = ....(1)
9 9 36
b 27 b sin 4 2 sin 2 cos 2
Again =   = = 4 cos  cos 2 = 4 cos (1 – 2 sin2)
sin 4 sin  27 sin  sin 

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b 11  22 
 = 4 1  sin 2  (1 – 2 sin2) = 4 1  1  
27 36  36 

b  5   14 
 4  
27  6   36 
Hence b = 35 Ans.]

136.
a b 3
[Sol. We have =2; =
R R 2
2 R sin A 3
 = 2 ; sin B =
R 4
9 R2
 sin A = 1 ; c2 = 4R2  (c2 = a2 – b2)
4

7
A = 90º ; c = R
2

2a c B 2a c 1  cos B
Now l1 = cos =
ac 2 ac 2

2a b C 2a b 1  cos C
and l2 = cos =
ab 2 a b 2

l1 a  b c 1  cos B c (a  b) 1  ac c ab
 = . = b = ....(1)
l2 a  c b 1  cos C b (a  c) 1 a b ac

3 7
Substituting a = 2R ; b = R and c = R in equation (1), we get
2 2
l1
=
7 7 1    = 7;  = 9 and  = 2   +  +  = 18 Ans.]
l2 9 2

137.
[Sol. As ADE and ABC are similiar.
x h  2r 2r  
 = =1– r  
a h h  s 

2 ah a x abc
=1–
sh
=1–
sh
=1–
s
 a =3 – 
 s
 =3–2=1

= 3 – 2 = 1 Ans. A
Alternatively: ADE and  ABC are similar h–2r
D E
h 1  2r x x
  h
h1 a c b
O 2r
x 2r
 =1– h ; r
a 1
B C
y 2r z 2r c cosB b cosC
|||ly =1– h and =1– h
b 2 c 3

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x y z 1 1 1
Hence   = 3 – 2r     ...........(1)
a b c  h1 h 2 h 3 
2r 2r 2r  A B C
Consider 1 – h = 1 – =1–  r  4R sin sin sin 
1 c sin B 2R sin C sin B  2 2 2 
A B C BC
4 sin
sin sin cos  B C B C
2 2 2 2
=1–
C B C B
=1–
B C
=1– 1  tan 2 tan 2  = tan 2 tan 2
 
4 sin sin cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
Hence we get from (1)
x B C
 a =  tan 2 tan 2 = 1 Ans.]
138.
2 2 2 2
[Sol. We have a = h ; b = h ; c = h i.e. a = ; b =  ; c =
A B C 3

 1 1 1 
 a + b + c = 2   h  h  h 
 A B C
A
1 1 1 8
 2 s = 2      = 2  
 2 2 3 6
F E
4 c b
 s=  ....(1)
3
Now 2 = s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
B D C
4        2  8 2 a
 2 =         1= 
3 3 3  3  81
 82 =81
Hence 82 = 9 Ans. ]

139.
s(s  a )(s  b)(s  c)
[Sol. (PB)(PC) = (s – b)(s – c) =
s(s  a )
 · 
= =r· (r = 1)
s (s  a ) (s  a )
    
= = r  1  s  
(s  a ) a  s 
3a 3
= = = 3 Ans. ]
 3a  32
2  a 
 2 
140.
 6
[Sol. Radius of the first circle = = =1
S 6

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C 1 r
sin = ....(1) (r < 1)
2 1 r
4
also sin C =
5
C 3 2
now 2sin2 = 1 – cos C = 1 – =
2 5 5
C 1
sin2 =
2 5
2
1 r  1
  =  5(1 – r)2 = (1 + r)2  5 (1  r ) = 1 + r
1 r  5

5 1 sin 18
 5 – 1 = ( 5  1 )r  r= =  k + w = 54° Ans. ]
5  1 cos 36

 3   3   (3n  2)  (3n  1) 
141. [Sol. We have an = tan–1  2  = tan–1   = tan–1  
 9n  3n  1   1  (3n  2 ) ( 3n  1)   1  (3n  2) ( 3n  1) 
–1 –1
= tan (3n + 2) – tan (3n – 1)
10 10
 Sum of first 10 terms =  a r =  tan 1 (3r  2)  tan 1 (3r  1) 
r 1 r 1
= (tan–15 – tan–12) + (tan–18 – tan–15) + ........ + (tan–132 – tan–129)
 32  2  30 6  13  m
= tan–132 – tan–12 = tan–1   = tan–1 = tan–1   = cot–1   = cot 1  
 1  32 ·2  65  13  6 n
 m = 13 and n = 6.
Hence (2m + n) = 32 Ans. ]

142. [Sol. As cos1 – cos–11 = cos1 – 0 (0, 1)  [cos1 – cos–11] = 0


sin1 – sin–11 = sin1 – (–1, 0)  [sin1 – sin–11] = – 1
2
  
tan1 – tan–11 = tan1 – 1.73 – 0.78 > 0 and (0, 1)  [tan1 – tan–11] = 0 tan 1  tan 
4  3

cot1 – cot–11 = cot1 –  0.57 – 0.78 < 0 and (–1, 0)  [cot1 – cot–11] = –1
4

sec1 – sec–11 = sec1 – 0 < sec = 2. Assec1 (1, 2) [sec1 – sec–11] = 1
3

and cosec1 – cosec–11 = cosec1 –
2
    2 
As cosec < cosec1 < cosec < cosec1   , 2
3 4 2  3 

 cosec1 – (–1, 0)  [cosec1 – cosec–11] = – 1
2
Hence the value of given exprersion = 0 – (–1) + 0 – (–1) + 1 – (–1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 Ans. ]
143.
[Sol. We have f (x) = sin–1x + 2tan–1x + x2 + 4x + 1

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Clearly of f (x) is [–1, 1]

Also domain f (x) is increasing function in the domain
 
 p = f min . ( x ) = f (–1) =   2   1  4  1 = –  – 2.
2  4 
  
q = fmax. (x) = f (1) = 2    1  4  1 =  + 6.
2  4
 Range of f (x) is [–  – 2,  + 6]
Hence (p + q) = 4
Note : Vertex of y = x2 + 4x + 1 is at x = –2 and hence in the domain (x2 + 4x + 1) is increasing.]
144.
1 1 1
[Sol. Let cos 1  =  then cos2 =
2 n n

    1  tan  1  tan  (1  tan ) 2  (1  tan ) 2

 tan     + tan     =  =
4  4  1  tan  1  tan  1  tan 2 

2 (1  tan ) 2 2
= 2 = = 2n
1  tan  cos 2

100 
1  1  1   1  1  
 2
 tan  4  2 cos1 n   tan  4  2 cos1  n 
n  1    

100
1
=
2
 2n = 1 + 2 + 3 + ............ + 100 = 5050 ]
n 1

145.
[Sol. From given equation.
S1 =  = 3, S2 =  = 5
S3 =  = 7 and S4 =  = 9
Let tan–1  = A, tan–1  = B, tan–1  = C & tan–1  = D
Now | tan (tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 ) |
S1  S3 3 7 4 a
= |tan (A + B + C + D) | = 1  S  S = = =
2 4 1 5  9 5 b
Hence a = 4 and b = 5
So (ab + ba + aa + bb + ab) = 45 + 54 + 44 + 55 + 4.5 = 1024 + 625 + 256 + 3125 + 20 = 5050 Ans.]
146.
1 1 1
[Sol. T1 = tan–1 = tan–12 – tan–11 ; T2 = tan–1 = tan–13 – tan–12 ; T3 = tan–1 = tan–14 – tan–13
3 7 13
Clearly Tn = tan–1(n + 1) – tan–1(n)

1  n  1  1  n  1
Hence Sn = tan–1(n + 1) – tan–11 = tan   =  tan 1  24 
 = cos 1  
 1  (n  1)·1   n2 2  145 
  2  
 1 n  1  24   Using 2 tan 1 x  cos 1 1  x   x  0 
 2  tan  = cos    1 x2  
 n2  145     

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1  2( n  1)  1  24   2(n  1)   24 
 cos  2  = cos    2  = 
 n  2n  2   145   n  2n  2   145 
 12(n + 1)2 – 144 (n + 1) – (n + 1) + 12 = 0 = (n  1)  1212(n  1)  1 = 0
1  11  11
 n + 1 = 12,  n = 11, nN n Hence, n = 11 Ans. ]
12 12 12

147.
3 2 1 1   
3
1 
[Sol. f (, ) = cosec  tan   sec 2  tan 1 
2 2  2 2 

 
let tan–1   =  and tan–1   = 
 

3 3 3 3 3 3
f (, ) =  =  = +
  1  cos  1  cos  1   
2 sin 2 2 cos 2 1
2 2  2  2  2  2

 3   2   2    3   2   2    
 3 3   
 2
  2
   =    
2 2  
 =
= 2 2
  2   2    2   2     
 

 2   2   2   2    2   2  f (, ) = (2 + 2)( + )

 
now  +  = 4 and  = 1  
f (, ) = (   ) 2  2     
= (16 – 2) (4) = 56 Ans. ]

n n
 1   2 
148. Sol. y = nLim Lim
  yn = n    tan 1 2m 2  = nLim
  tan 1 1  (2m  1)(2m  1) 
m 1 m 1  
n
= nLim
  tan 1 (2m  1)  tan 1 (2m  1)
m 1

= nLim –1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
  {(tan 3 – tan 1) + (tan 5 – tan 3) + (tan 7 – tan 5)..... + tan (2n + 1) – tan (2n – 1)}


= nLim –1 –1
  {tan (2n + 1) – tan 1}  4

 
 B  1,  i.e. coordinates of B approach, towards those of 'A'.
 4
 Chord AB approches to be the tangent to y = f(x) at A
1
d 1 
 (slope of AB)–1 =  dx tan x  = (1 + x2)x=1 = 2 Ans.]
  at x 1
149.
n  
x
[Sol. R: y=  tan 1 n (n  1)  x 2 
n 1  
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 x   x x 
    
 n ( n  1)  n n 1 
 x x
Tn = tan–1  x x  = tan–1  x x   Tn = –

 n ·n 1 
1 1 ·  n n 1
   n n 1 

x
T1 = tan–1x – tan–1
2
x x
T2 = tan–1 – tan–1
2 3
  
x x
T n = Tn = –
n n 1
————————
 1 1 x 
= Lim  tan x  tan  = tan–1x
n  n 1

1 1 1
f ' (x) = 2  f ' (2) =  R
1 x 5 5
x  1  (x  1) 6
S: = or 6x2 + 34x – 12 = 0
1  ( x  1)(x  1) 17

1
Thus (6x – 2)(x + 6) = 0 whereby x = 1/3 (x = – 6 rejected)  S
3
1 x 1
T: Given x = 2 tan–1  tan =
3 2 3
now y = 2 sin x + cos x + 4 tan x
2(2t ) 1 t 2 8t x 1
y= 2 + 2 + 2 , t = tan put t=  y=5  T5
1 t 1 t 1 t 2 3

1 1
 (5R + 6S + 7T) = 5   + 6   + 7(5) = 1 + 2 + 35 = 38 Ans. ]
5 3
150.
1 1  1  1 1  1  
[Sol.  2

B – A = 2 cot 1 ( 2)  3 cot 1 (3) –  cot    cot   
2 3  3

 1  1 1 1 1 1
= 2(cot–12 + cot–13) + cot–13 –   cot  cot 1   cot 1 
3 2 3 6 2

  1 1   1  3 1 
= + cot–13 –   tan 2 = + cot–13 –   tan 3
2 4 6  4 6 4 
 1  1  1    1
= + cot–13 + tan–13 = + cot–13 –   cot 3  = + + cot–13 – cot–13
8 6 8 6 2  8 12 6
5 5
=  cot 1 3 hence a = 5; b = 24; c = 5; d = 6
24 6
a + b + c + d = 40 Ans. ]
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Differential Calculus Solution

Only One Option Correct
1.
Purpose : (i) Application of derivative in analysing monotonic behavior of a function
(ii) Using range of quadratic expressions to find range of inverse trigonometric func
tions.
Sol. (a)
f  x   x 3  2bx 2  x  d  f '  x   3x 2  4bx  1
For f to be increasing 3x 2  4bx  1  0 for all real x.
3 3
 16b 2  12  0 or  b
2 2
3 3 3 3
Now g  b    sin b    cos b     sin 1 b  cos 1 b 
1 1

8 2
2
3    3
 g  b    sin 1 b    .
2  4  32

 1 1 3
Clearly g(b) is minimum for sin b  i.e. b  , hence min. is
4 2 32
3

1 3 13
& maximum for sin b   i.e. b   , hence max. is
3 2 24
2.
 0
Purpose : Evaluating a limit of indeterminate form    by transforming into from by algebraic
 0
transformations.
Sol. (b)

 
x x x x  x
   
lim x  x  x  x  x  x  x   lim
x    x 
  x x x x  x x

x x x
 lim
x 
x x x x  x x x x x  x

1
1
x 1 1
 lim 
x  4
x x x 1 x x
1  1 1 1
x 2
x x2

3.
Purpose : (i) Evaluation of limit by standard formulae/L’hospital’s rule.
(ii) Application of derivative in analysing roots of a cubic equation.

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Sol. (c)

tan  e2x 1  1  tan  e 2x 1  1   e 2x 1  1   2x  1 

lim  lim      1 , i.e. a = 1
x 1/ 2 ln x  ln 2 x 1/2  e 2x 1  1   2x  1   ln 2x 
 

tan  e 2x 1  1 2e 2x 1 sec 2  e2x 1  1

Or by L’hospitals rule a  lim  a  lim i.e. a  1.
x 1/ 2 ln x  ln 2 x 1/ 2 1/ x
Now f  x   x 3  3ax 2  24a 2 x  28  f '  x   3  x  2a  x  4a 
For a = 1, f’(x) = 3(x + 2)(x - 4)
As f(-2)f(4) < 0 hence f(x) has three real roots.

4.
Purpose : (i) Understanding the techniques of differentiation in tricky problems involving inverse
trigonometric functions where instead of direct differentiation it is advised to use preliminary
simplifications.
(ii) Use of properties of logarithmic function.
Sol. (b)

y  tan 1  log ex6  e 2 / x 3    tan 1  log e/x12  e 4 x 3  

       

2  log x 3 4  log x 3

1  2log x 3 1  4log x 3
 tan y 
2  log x 3 4  log x 3
1
1  2 log x 3 1  4log x 3

6
 tan y   .
7
Hence dy/dx = 0

5.
Purpose : (i) Understanding the techniques of differentiation in tricky problems involving Implicit algebraic
functions where instead of direct differentiation it is advised to use preliminary simplifications.
Sol. (c)
1/ 2 1/2 1/ 2
y 2
 x2    y2  x 2   21/2   y 4  x 4   1  y2

 2y 2  1  x 4
2
dy d 2 y  dy 
Now y  x 3 or y 2     3x 2
dx dx  dx 
2
d2y 3  dy 
 2y 2
 2  y   6x 2 y 2
dx  dx 
d2y
 2y3 2
 3x 2  x 6
dx

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6.
Purpose : Use of first principal of differentiation to evaluate f ‘(a) instead of differentiating directly when
the function is defined differently at x = a and differently in neighborhood of x = a.
Sol. (c)
As range of {x} is [0, 1) hence when x tends to zero, f(x) tends to 0.

1
 2 1  x 2  2   f  0
x
   , x  0 x
Now f  x     x 2   f '  0   lim  
 0
x 0 x
 , x 0

1
Hence f '  0   lim x  2  i.e. 0.
x 0
x 

7.
Purpose : Application of derivative to analyse maximum & minimum of a function which depends on a
variable parameter.
Sol. (c)
16x 2  8bx  1
f  x   ln x  8bx  8x 2  f '  x  
x
Now for 16x 2  8bx  1, discr min ant  64  b 2  1

Clearly if b < 1, then f(x) is monotoniaclly decreasing in  0,   .

If b = 1, x = 1/4 is a point of inflection.

b  b2 1
If b > 1, then f(x) has two points of extremum i.e. .
4
8.
Purpose : To deal with functional equation in one varible for identifying certain properties of the function.
Sol. (b)
f  x  2   f  x  2   2f  x 

x  x  2  f  x   f  x  4   2f  x  2  ...(i)

x  x  2  f  x   f  x  4   2f  x  2  ...(ii)

(i)  (ii)  2f  x   f  x  4   f  x  4   2  f  x  2   f  x  2  

 f  x  4   f  x  4  0

 f  x  8  f  x  4   0

 f  x  8  f  x  4 

 f  x  12   f  x 

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9.
Purpose : Application of L’Hospital’s Rule.
Sol. (a)
By L’Hospital’s rule

Again by L’Hospital’s rule

2f (sin x)  3f (sin 2x)  f (sin 4x)
lim  lim
x 0 x2
2 cos x f '(sin x)  6 cos 2x f '(sin 2x)  4 cos 4x f '(sin 4x)
 lim  lim
x 0 2x
2 cos 2 x f ''(sin x)  2sin x f '  sin x   12 cos2 2x f ''(sin 2x) 
12sin 2x f '  sin 2x   16cos 2 4x f ''(sin 4x)  16sin 4xf 'sin 4x
 lim
x0 2
Limit = 3 f “(0) i.e. 12.

10.
Purpose : Application of derivative to find slope of tangent & normal to a curve at any given point on the
curve.
4 dy
Sol. 4y  x   x 3 , hence slope of normal at (2, 4) will be -1/8.
dx
Equation of normal will be x + 8y = 34.

11.6MB

 
1    n 2 1  
 n 1  n 1 
[Sol. We have  ln 1  2  =   2 
ln =  ln     
n 2  n  n 2  n  n 2  n  n 
 
  n 1  n 1   n 1  n 
=   ln    ln    =   ln    ln   
n 2   n   n  n 2  n   n 1 

 1 2  2 3
=  ln  ln    ln  ln  + ............................
 2 3  3 4

1  n  1
= ln – nLt ln   = ln – ln 1 = – ln 2 Ans.]
2    n 1 2

12.
Purpose : Application of derivatives to analyse extremum of a function.
b
Sol. A  k     f  x   f  k   f '  k  x  k   dx
a

b2  a 2
 A 'k    f " k   k b  a  f " k 
2
ab
Now A '  k   0  k  .
2
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13.
Purpose : Dealing with functional equation in two variables to analyse the function satisfying this equations.
Sol. (a)
Replacing x by 0 gives f  y  f   y   f 2  0 

Now differentiating w.r.to y gives f '  y  f   y   f '   y  f  y 

Also differentiating f  x  y  f  x  y   f 2  x  w.r.to x gives

f '  x  y  f  x  y   f '  x  y  f  x  y   2f  x  f '  x 

Now at x = 0, we have f '  y  f   y   f '   y  f  y   2f  0  f '  0 

f ' x  f ' 0

Hence f x  f 0 which is greater than zero.
   

Thus f(x) & f’(x) are of same sign.

Now if f(x) is positive than its increasing & if its negative than decreasing.

14.
Purpose : Applications of derivative to analyse monotonic behavior of a function.
f ' x  3x 2
Sol. 10f  x  ln f  x   x 3  f '  x   
f x 10

3x 2f  x 
 10f '  x  
1 f x
As f(x) must be positive for ln(f(x)) to be defined
f(x) is increasing function.
Also f(x) = x implies 10x ln x = x3 or 10 ln x = x2.
Clearly there are two solutions.

15.
Purpose : (i) Simplifying an implicitly defined function to rule out multiple possibilities based on domain.
(ii) Applications of derrivatives to define behavior of a given function.
Sol. (c)
Let f(x) = y, then x 1  y  y 1  x  0  x 2 1  y   y 2 1  x 
1 1
 f  x   x or  1 , but f(x) = x doesnot satisfy the given relation hence f  x   1.
x 1 x 1
1
Now f '  x    2 .
 x  1
Hence f(x) has no extremum.

16.
Purpose : Use of monotonic behavior to distinguish in critical points of a function especially when second
derivative test can’t be applied.

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Sol. (c)
n m n 1 m n m 1
f  x    x  1  x  2   f '  x   n  x  1 x  2  m  x  1  x  2 
n 1 m 1
 f '  x    x  1  x  2    m  n  x  2n  m 
n 1 m 1
As m & n are even numbers hence  x  1 & x  2 change sign at x = 1 & x = 2 respectively..

m  2n
Also f’(x) changes sign at x  .
mn
Sign scheme of f’(x) is as shown below

Hence f(x) has two points of minimum & one point of maximum.

17.
Purpose : (i) Range of a composite function f(g(x), using the analysis of range of g(x) & monotonic
behavior of f(x).
(ii) Range of a function in a bounded (on both the the sides/one side) domain.
Sol. (b)
2 16
Let 2x  1  y , then f  y  2.
y
16
f '  1  f ’ is negative if y lies in (4, 4) & positive otherwise.
y2
Now range of ‘y’ is  2,   . In this interval f is decreasing in (2, 4) & then increasing.
Hence least value of f will occur when y = 4 or 2.
Minimum value of f is 8.

18.
Purpose : Application of theory of location of roots of a quadratic expression in analysis of a cubic
function.
Sol. (a)
f  x   x 3  3px 2  3  p 2  1 x  1  f '  x   3x 2  6px  3  p 2  1

Now for the extremum of the function, f  x   x 3  3px 2  3  p 2  1 x  1 to lie in the interval
( 2, 4) at least one root of x 2  2px  p 2  1  0 must lie in ( 2, 4).
Now x 2  2px  p 2  1  0  x  p  1
2  p  1  4  3  p  3 &  2  p  1  4  1  p  5
Hence 3  p  5 .

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19.
Purpose : Application of Newton-Leibnitz theorem to differentiate a definite integral.
Sol . (b)
By Newton-Leibnitz theorem 3f 2  x  f '  x   x f 2  x  or 3f ‘(x) = x.
Hence f(x) = x 2/6 + C, but f(0) = 0 implies C = 0.
2
x
Therefore f  x   ,
6
Now the area bounded by y = f (x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 3, is
13 2
A  x dx  3 / 2 .
60
20.
Purpose : To identify a function if data relating to critical points & type of function are known.
Sol . (b)
2
Since p”’ (x) = 0 let p  x   ax  bx  c
Now p  2   0 gives 4a  2b  c  0 ……..(1)
and p(3) = 9 gives 9a  3b  c  9 ………(2)
Also p '  2   7  4a  b  7
Solving 1,2 and 3 we get a = 2, b = -1 & c = 6.

21.
Purpose : Using classical definition of monotonic behavior & to analysis monotonic behavior of
one function given that of another which is interdependent on the former.
Sol. (b)
f ”(x) > 0 implies f ‘(x) is an increasing function
1 1
4  
2
2
2
 
g '  x   .f ' 2x  5  4x   f ' 7  x  2x 

g '  x   x f '  2x  5   f '  7  x 

2 2

Case I : x  0  f '  2x  5  f '  7  x   2x

2 2 2 2
5  7  x

Hence x   2,  

 2
 
Case II : x  0  f ' 2x  5  f ' 7  x
2
  2x 2
5  7 x
2

Hence x   2, 0   g is increasing in  2, 0    2,  

22.
Purpose : Applying first principal of differentiation to evaluate limits of form 0/0.
Sol. (a)
f  x  f  y
f  x   f  y   x2  y 2   x y
xy
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f  x  f  y
 lim  2 y  f '  y   2 y  lim f '  y   0 .
x y x y y 0

23.
Purpose : Application of Derivatives in establishing inequalities/comparing values of a function of x
for two values of x.
Sol. (a)
ln x b
Consider the function f  x   . a  ba  f  a   f b  .
x
1  ln x
Now f '  x   , hence f is increasing in (0, e) and decreasing in (e,  ). Hence if
x2
a < b and f(a) = f(b),then 0 < a < e, which implies a = 1 or 2. But a = 1 gives b = 1, hence only
possible value of a is 2 and corresponding valu of b is 4.

24.
Purpose : (i) Application of Intermediate value thorem.
(ii) Properties of definite integrals.
Sol. (a)
 1
As f(x) is bounded and  dt is finite, hence by the property
 1  t 2

b b

 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx  f ( c )  g ( x )dx for f(c) being a number of (fmax., fmin.) on (a, b), we get
a a

 1
g  x   f  x, c   dt  g  x   . f  x, c  . Hence g(x) is contiuous everywhere.
 1 t2

25.
Purpose : Defining composite function for piecewise defined functions.
Sol. (d)
Range of ‘g’ is R and domain of ‘f’ is Also R, hence fog is defined.
Range of ‘f’ is 0,   and doman of ‘g’ is R, hence gof is also defined.

26.

Purpose : Classical definition of limits/First principal of differentiation.

Sol. (c)

Clearly p = –1 and

hn nh n 1 0 
lim g(x) = lim g(1  h) = lim  lim
= h 0  form 
x 1 h 0 h 0 m log cosh m tan h 0 

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n h
=  lim  h n 2  1
m h  0 tan h

The last limit is non zero only if n = 2 and so n/m = 1 Þ m = 2.

27.
Purpose : Dealing with function defined using functional equations/relations.
Sol. (a)
1  e f ( x)  1 x 
f ( x)
 x  f  x   ln  .
1e 1 x 

 2a 
 1 1 a2
2
 2a    1 a 
Now f  2 
 f
2a  f    2 f  a  , hence f(x) will satisfy the given
1 a   1  1 a 
 1  a2 
relation for all a  D f i.e. (, 1).

28.
Purpose : Finding specific relations in differentiation.
Sol. (d)
2x  1 2y  y '  2x  1
y2 = x2 + x + c  y '   y"  2
 2y3 y"  2y2  yy'  2x  1
2y 2y
1 2
 2y 3 y"  2  x 2  x  1   2x  1  3 /2.
2

29.
Purpose : Application of definition of continuity at a point.

Sol. (c)

If f(x) is cont. at x = a, then lim f  x   f a   0 .

xa

log e (1  3f (x)) 3f '  x  3

Hence lim  lim  .
x a 2f (x) x  a 2f '(x)(1  3f (x)) 2

30.
Purpose : Application of derivatives to compare two functions or values of a function at two
points using monotonic behavior
Sol. (a)

ex ex  x  t 
Let f  x   t , then f '  x   . Hence f(x) is minimum at x = t.
x x t 1

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t
x e
t
 f  x   f  t   e  x   . Clearly if e x  x t for all positive x, then t < e.
t

31.
Purpose : (i) Application of intermediate value thorem.
(ii) Definition of ONTO function.
(iii) Range of a quadratic expression.
Sol. (d)
f(x) is a quadratic polynomial which can’t have its range as an interval open on both ends, hence
the given function can not be onto.

32.
Purpose : Finding range of a composite function by definihg domain.
Sol. (b)

 5 1
 , x
 x  1  x2   4 2
f  x   sin 1 x  sin 1  
 
 2   3 , x
1
 4 2
33.
Purpose : Periodicity of a composite function

Sol. (b)

Period of f  sin x  will be same as that of sinx.

34.
Purpose : Applications of derivatives & integrals in defining a curve given data about tangent/
normal to the curve.
Sol. (b)
dy
Normal at a point (h, k) will be  y  k    x  h   0 . It will meet x - axis at
dx
 dy  dy
 h  k dx , 0  . As given x  y  x 1
  dx
 ydy  dx  y 2  2 x  c . As it passes through origin hence c = 0, which gives the
parabola y 2  2 x , whose latus rectum is 2.

35.

Purpose : Limit of a piecewise defined function by evaluating LHL & RHL separately.

Sol. (d)

x  0 – (i.e., approaches 0 from the left), [x] = –1.

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 lim f (x) = lim 1  sin( 1) = –1 + sin1

x 0 x 0 1

whereas, if x  0+, we get

 f(x) = 0  xlim
0
f (x) = 0

Thus, lim
x 0
f (x) does not exist

36.

Purpose : Removing discontinuity of a function.

Sol. (a)

Since 7 < e2 < 8, so [e2] = 7 and [–e2] = –8

lim f (x) tan 7x 3  tan(8)x 3

so f(0) = x 0 = lim
x 0 sin 3 x

 tan 7x 3 x3 tan 8x 3 x3 
= lim  7   8  
x 0
 7x 3 sin 3 x 8x 3 sin 3 x 

= 7 + 8 = 15

37.

Purpose : Standard evaluation of a limit by transformations/Limit of an infinite sum.

Sol. (b)

x(1 x n )
x  x 2 ...... x n 1 x
y(n) = e =e

x(1 x n )
dy(n) 1 x
d  x(1  x n ) 
So, =e × dx  1  x 
dx  

x
dy(n) 1
lim = e1 x
n  dx (1  x)2

dy(n)
lim = 4e
n  dx
x 1/ 2

38.

Purpose : Tricky use of differentiation & algebraic manipulations.

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Sol. (d)

Putting x = 0 in the given equation,

We have f(0) = f(3) and putting x = 1, we get f(1) = 1 + f(1) + f(2) + f(3).

Thus f(1) – f(0) = 1 + f(1) + f(2). Also differentiating the given equation, we have

f(x) = 3x2 + 2f(1) + f(2)

f(x) = 6x + 2f(1), f(x) = 6

Thus, f(3) = 6 and f(2) = 12 + 2f(1). Putting x = 1 in (i), we have

f(1) = 3 + 2f(1) + f(2) = 3 + 2f(1) + 12 + 2f(1)

= 15 + 4 f(1)

 f(1) = –5 and so f(2) = 12 – 10 = 2.

f(2) = 23 + 22f(1) + 2f(2) + f(3)

= 8 + 4(–5) + 2(2) + 6 = –2

39.
Purpose : Applications of derivatives in finding tangent/normal to a given curve.
Sol. (a)
Equation of straight line joining A(c + 1, ec + 1) and B(c – 1, ec – 1) is

c–1
A(c + 1, e )
c –1 )1
,e
–1
B(c
P
c–1 c+1

ec 1  ec 1
y – ec + 1 = (x – c – 1) .....(i)
2
Equation of tangent at (c, ec) is
y – ec = ec(x – c) ......(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
1 1
ec(e – 1) = ec[(x – c) – (e – e–1)(x – c) + (e – e–1)]
2 2
1 1
 (e + e–1) – 1 = (x – c)[1 – (e – e–1)]
2 2
e  e 1  2
 x–c= <0 [ e + e–1 > 2 and 2 + e–1 – e < 0]
2  e  e 1

 x<c

Thus the two lines meet to the left of x = c.

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
Purpose : To check continuity & differentiability by first defining a function with the
help of given relations.
Sol. (b)
S  (x) = l n x3 . 3 x2  l n x2 . 2 x = 9 x2 l n x  4 x l n x
S (x)
= x l n x (9 x  4) . Hence = l n x (9 x  4) .
x
S (x)
Now it is obvious that is continuous and derivable in its domain .
x
41.

Purpose : Applications of derivatives to analyse monotonic behavior of a function not given explicitly in
terms of one variable but given to satisfy a relation through which sign of derivative of the
function may be identified.
Sol. (d)
sin 2 x
Diff. the given relation w.r.to x gives f '  x   , which is never negative. Hence
1  3f 2  x 
f is always increasing.


Purpose : Application of Lagrange’s mean value theorem
Sol. (a)
f b  f a 
Sol. Using Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem we get  f '  c  for some c   a, b  ,
ba
3 3

hence
 f  7    f  2 2
 3  f  k   f '  k  for some k   a, b  .
72

43.
Purpose : Defining derivative of inverse of a function.
Sol. (a)
x
1/ 2

f  x    1  t3  dt
0
g x 
3 1/ 2
i.e. f  g  x     1  t  dt
0

g x 
3 1/ 2
i.e. x   1  t  dt [ g is inverse of f  f [g (x)] = x]
0
Differentiating with respect to x, we have
1 = (1 + g3)-1/2 . g '
i.e. ( g ' )2 = 1 + g3

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Differentiating again with respect to x, we have
2g 'g ''  3g 2g '
g '' 3
gives 2

g 2

44.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.
Sol. (a)
Putting y = 1, f(x +1) = f(x) + f(1) – x – 1
 f (x + 1) = f(x) – x ( f(1) = 1)
 f(n + 1) = f(n) – n < f(n)
 f(n + 1) < f(n)
So, f(n) < f(n – 1) < f(n – 2)... < f(3) < f(2) < f(1) = 1
 f(n) = n holds only for n =1.

45.
Purpose : Analysing continuity of a piecewise defined composite function.
Sol. (a)

f(x) is discontinuous when | sin 4( x  k ) | 1  x  k  (2n  1)
8
 3 5 (2n  1)
x1  k  , x2  k  , x3  k  , xn1  k 
8 8 8 8
Now 1  tan A tan B  tan A  tan B
 n  tan x1 tan x2  tan x3 tan x4  ......  tan xn tan xn 1  tan xn 1  tan x1
sin( xn 1  x1 ) n
= cos x cos x  sec x1 sec xn 1 sin 4
n 1 1

46.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.
Sol. (c)
2 2 3
2f  x  y   f  x   f  y    f  y   f  x    2f  0   2  f  0   for x  0, y  0
 f  0   0 or 1 or  1

Now f  0   0  f  x   0 for y  0
2
& f  0   1  2f  x   f  x    f  x   for y  0
 f  x   0 or f  x   1
Hence on all counts f(x) must be a constant function.

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47.
Purpose : Application of differentiation to analyse a function for extrema..
Sol. (c)
f’(x) = 4x3 + 3ax2 + 2bx + c.
As x = 0 is a root, hence c = 0.
Also as there is no other root hence 4x2 + 3ax + 2b = 0 has negative discriminant.
 9a 2  32b .
f  1  f 1  a  c  0 .
Now f’(x) < 0 for x lying in [-1, 0) & f’(x) > 0 for x lying in (0, 1]
f(x) is decreasing in [-1, 0) & increasing in (0, 1].
as f (1) < f (1), hence f(1) is maximum of f & f(0) is minimum of f.

48.
Purpose : Understanding classical definition of existance of limits & continuity at a point.
Sol. (c)
f(x) is discontinuous but |f(x)| is continuous hence LHL & RHL at x = a must be equal say ‘k’ & f(a)
must be equal to k.

49.
Purpose : Finding derivative/characteristics of derivative of inverse of a function given the derivative
of the function.
Sol. (a)

Let g 1  x   h  x  , then x  g  h  x  
1 d 1
 h ' x  
g ' h  x 
0
dx
 g  x   0

Let g 1  x    '  x  , then  g 1  x  dx    x   C

Now f  b  a     a     b   2  0 
da db
 f ' b  a    ' a    'b
d b  a  d b  a

Now a  b  k  b  a  k  2a .
da d k  a 
 f ' b  a    'a    'b
d  k  2a  d  k  2a 

50.
Purpose : Application of maxima minima in coordinate geometry
Sol. (c)
Let P be  5cos ,3sin   .
Tangent at P will be 3x cos   5y sin   15  0 .
x y 15
Foot of perpendicular from origin will be  
3 cos  5 sin  9 cos   25 sin 2 
2

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120 tan 
Hence area of triangle OPN will be .
9  25 tan 2 

For the Following Questions One or More than One option(s) is/are Correct

51.
Purpose : Monotonic behavior of a composite function fog, depending on known standard
behavior of f(x) & g(x).
Sol. (a)(c)
x x
 1  1  1
f  x   x ln  1    e f  x    1   . Now as  1   is increasing function and so as ex,
 x  x  x
hence f(x) must also be inrceasing.
x
ln 1  x   ln x  1
Also lim f  x   lim  0 , and lim  1    e  lim e f  x   e , hence
x 0 x 0 1/ x x 
 x x 

lim f  x   1 .
x 

52.
Purpose : Using second derivative rule to find extrema of a given function.

Sol. (a)(b)

f  x   3x 4  4x 3  6x 2  ax  b  f '  x   12x 3  12x 2  12x  a


2

and f "  x   12 3x  2x  1 . Hence f”(x) is always positive, which implies f(x) has no
point of inflexion. Also f’(x) is an everywhere increasing function which implies f’(x)
will be zero exactly once and hence f(x) will have exactly one local extremum.

53.
Purpose : Analysing a discontinuous function for maxima & minima.

Sol. (b)(d)

1 2

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54.
Purpose : Identifying specific relations/data from given relations without knowing/finding the
function.

Sol. (a)(b)(d)

From the given equation f  y  f   y   f  0  & f 2  0   f  0 

But f(0) = 0 gives the function 0 everywhere, hence f(0) = 1.

Differentiating w.r.to y and substituting y = 0 gives f ' x   f  x 

 f 'x  f  x   f x  f  x   1 .

55.
Purpose : Analysing a function given in terms of relationship among the variables and derivative.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)(d)
dy sin 2 x dx
sin x - y cos x + 2 = 0  cos ecx dy  y   cot x cos ecx  dx   2
dx x x
dx 1 
  d  y cos ecx    
2
 y    c  sin x
x x 
Now y0 as x  , hence c = 0.
sin x
Hence f  x   .
x

56.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a composite function using behavior of elementaryly defined
functions.
Sol. (c)(d)
x a  x ln a x0
h x  a x  h ' x    x .
x  a ln a x0

57.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.
Sol. (a)(c)
h  x   f  x   f 2  x   f 3  x   h '  x     3f 2  x   2f  x   1 f '  x 

 h '  x     3f  x   1  f  x   1 f '  x 
1
Now  3f  x   1  f  x   1  0 if f  x   1 or f  x  
3
1
and  3f  x   1  f  x   1  0 if  1  f  x  
3

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1
Hence h‘(x) will be of same sign as that of f ‘(x) if  1  f  x   & of opposite sign if
3
1
f  x   1 or f  x   .
3
1
Therefore h is incresing if f increases when  1  f  x   & h is decreasing if f increases
3
1
when f  x   1 or f  x   .
3

58.
Purpose : Defining a function as variable maximum or minimum of another function using
graph/monotonic behavior.
Sol. (a)(c)(d)

Alternately
f  x   2x 3  15x 2  36x  23  f '  x   6  x 2  5x  6 
Hence f(x) has maximum at x = 2 & local minimum at x = 3.
Also f(2) = 5.


2x 3  15x 2  36x  23, if 1  x  2

 7
Now g  x    5, if 2  x 
 2
 7
 12  2x, if  x  6
2

59.
Purpose : Redefining modulus function/Graphical transformations to identify abrupt changes in graph as
points of non differentiability.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)(d)

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60.
Purpose : Identifying a function from a given differential equation/Graph.
Sol. (a)(b)
2 ex  f  x   f '  x  
f  x   f ' x   e x
f x   2
1
f  x 
 ex  ex
 d    dx  f  x  
 f x  xC

1 ex
f  0   C  2  f x 
2 x2

ex e x  x  1
Now f  x    f ' x   2
x2  x  2
At x = 1, f’(x) changes sign from negative to positive hence -1 is a point of minimum.
Also from the graphs of y = f(x) & y = x we can see that there are two points of intersection.

61.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)
x  y  0  f f  0  0

Replacing x  0  f  f  0   f  y    f  y 2 

 f  y   f  0   y2
2
 
f  y   f  0   y 2  f y  x  f  f  0   x   2x  f  0   y   f  0   y
2 2 2 2 4

2 2
 f  0    y 2  x 2   f  0    f  0   x 2   2f  0  x 2  2x 2 y 2  f  0   y 4

Or f 2  0   f  0 
If f(0) = 0, then f(x) = x2.
If f(0) = -1, then f(x) = x2 1.

 
f  y   f  0   y 2  f y 2  x 2  f  f  0   x 2   2x 2  f  0   y 2   f  0   y 4
2 2
 f  0    y 2  x 2   f  0    f  0   x 2   2x 2f  0   2x 2 y 2  f  0   y 4

Or f 2  0   f  0 
If f(0) = 0, then f(x) =  x2.
If f(0) = 1, then f(x) = 1  x2.

62.
Purpose : Extrema of a non differentiable function using monotonic behavior in neighborhood of points of
nondifferentiability

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Sol.


1  r  p x
   if x  0
 1
f  x    r  p  x  1 if 0  x 
 p
 1
 r  p  x  1 if x 
 p

When f(x) = 1 - (r + p)x, least value of f(x) is 1.

When f(x) = (r - p)x + 1, three cases arise
(i) r > p : in this case least value of f(x) is 1 & greatest value is r/p,
(ii) r < p : in this case greatest value of f(x) is 1 & least is r/p,
(iii) r = p : in this case f(x) is constantly equal to 1
When f(x) = (r + p)x - 1, least value of f(x) is r/p
Clearly f(x) will have a one of the following graphs as shown

63.
Purpose : Understanding of indeterminate forms to find unknown constants.

Sol. (b)(d)

 e ax  e x  x   ae ax  e x  1
lim  eax  e x  x   0  lim  lim By L ' hospital Rule
x 0 x 0 x2 x 0 2x

 a 2x 2   x2 
a  1  ax  ...  1  x  ...  1
Now lim  ae  e  1  lim 
ax x
2!   2! 
x 0 2x x0 2x

x2
 a  2    a 2  1 x   a 3  1 ...
or lim 2! .
x 0 2x

Hence a = 2 & L = 3.

64.

Purpose : Application of derivative as slope of tangent to a given curve.

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Sol. (a)(b)

dy
y  1  2e x   2e x
dx

Now if a tangent is drawn at (h, 1 + 2eh), then its equation will be y – 1 – 2eh = 2eh(x – h)

 3  h h  3 
If it passes through   ,0  , then 1  e  2e    h 
 2   2 

 e h  2he h  1  0 , hence h = 0.

The equation of tangent is 2x – y + 3 = 0.

Similarly to  y  1  2e x , equation of tangent will be 2x + y + 3 = 0.

65.

Purpose : Redifine a function like Inverse trigonometric, GIF etc as piecewise to understand its
characteristics.

Sol. (a)(b)(c)

 1 1
4  4 cos x if 1  x  
2

 1 1
4 cos x  2 if 
2
x0
f  x   cos 1  8x 4  8x 2  1  f  x   
2  4 cos 1 x 1
if 0x
 2

 4cos 1 x 1
if  x 1
 2

Derive conclusions from the following graph,

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66.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)
Suppose degree of f(x) is n, then the degree of f ' is n - 1 and degree of f '' is n - 2.
So, n = (n - 1) + (n - 2)  n = 3
Hence, f(x) = ax 3  bx 2  cx  d

From, f  2x   f '  x  .f ''  x  , we have

8ax 3  4bx 2  2cx  d   3ax 2  2bx  c   6ax  2b 

Comparing coefficient of terms, we have a  4 / 9, b  0, c  0 and d = 0.

4x 3
 f x 
9
67.
Purpose : Manipulating given functional relations to define composite functions and derive required
conclusions.

Sol. (a)(b)(c)(d)

n n
 x   x 
f  x   lim  cos   lim  1   cos  1  
n 
 n  n    n 


1 x 
  x
 x  1 x  2 n  1n
lim  cos 1 n  lim 2sin 2   n 2 lim  2 lim
n  n  1 n  4 1
 n
2 n  n
e e
e n
e n
 e  x/ 2

y = f(x) = e  x / 2 , x  0 range = (0, 1]

n e
1/ n
1 
n 

g(x) = lim 1  x  x n e  e
lim x
n 1/ n
 ex
 xR

1 1 1

h(x) = tan g  f  x   
x 1 1
  ln y, x  2 ln , f 1  x   2 ln 0  x 1
2 y x

y = g(x) = ex

x = ln y g 1  x   ln x

1  1   1 
Or g  2ln   ln  2 ln    for 0 < x < 1.
 x   x 

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1   1 
Or h(x) = tan  ln  ln 2   for 0 < x < 1
  x 
ln f  x  x / 2 1
lim  lim 
x 0 ln g  x  x 0 x 2
Domain h(x) is (0, 1)
h(x) = tan-1(ln(ln 1/x2)) 0 < x < 1


 Hence   ln ln 1/ x   
2

68.
Purpose : Differentiating a definite integral to redefine a function given in terms of integral.Sol. (a)(c)
1
f 'x   1  sin x for x  0
x
3
Hence f '  x  is continuous on  0,   but not differentiable at x  2n  (n is a non
2
negative integer).
Both f(x) and f ‘(x) are positive for all x > 1 and f '  x   2  1 for x  1 .
x

Since, 0   1  sin t dt   
2  1 x for x  0 , lim f  x   
x 
0

So, there exists   1 such that f  x   2  1 and this implies that

f '  x   2  1  f  x  or f '  x   f  x 

x 0 x 0 
x 0

Also lim f  x    & lim f '  x    hence lim f  x   f '  x    
69.
Purpose : Evaluating limit of a composite function f(g(x)) by understanding behavior of g(x) in neighborhood
of given point.
Sol. (c)
tan x
As f  x   > 1, hence [f(x)] = 1 & {f(x)} = 1 - f(x).
x
1 1
Now lim  f  x    x  f  x   lim 1  x 2  1 tanx x
2
x 0 x 0

x3
x  tan x
 lim it  lim e
x 0
70.
Purpose : Co-relating various characteristics of a function.
Sol. (b)(c)
As, (f(x) – x) f (x) < 0  xR
 ((f(x) – x) > 0 and f (x) < 0) or {(f(x) – x) < 0 and f (x) > 0}
Can’t be true as f(x) –x > 0 and f (x) is decreasing. Then f(x) has to cut the line y = x

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Similarly, f(x) – x < 0 are f(x) is increasing is not possible

Also f(x) – x  0  f(x) = f–1(x) has no solution.

71.
Purpose : Finding extrema of an imlicitly defined relation depending on a constaint.
Sol. (a)(c)

Let x  r cos  & y  r sin , 0    , then z = r and
4
2 1
5r 2 cos 2   4r 2 sin  cos   r 2 sin 2   1  r 
2cos 2  2sin 2  3
dr sin 2  cos 2
r 2 2
d  2 cos 2  2sin 2  3
 
Now r is increasing if sin 2  cos 2  tan 2  1   ,
8 4

And r is decreasing if sin 2  cos 2  tan 2  1  0    .
8
 2 1
Now for  
8
,r 
3 2 2
 
i.e. 3  2 2 hence r  2  1 .

72.
Purpose : Analysing characteristics like extrema & monotonocity depending on variable parameters.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)
As f is differentiable at x = 1, hence
f ‘(1) = a + b + c = f ‘(1+) 2a + b => a = c
& f ‘(1) = 2a + b = f ‘(1+) = 2a => b = 0
a  x 2  1 x  1
Hence   
f x 
 2ax x 1

Clearly f will have a finite minimum ‘a’ at x = 0 if a > 0 & a finite maximum ‘a’ at x = 0 if
a < 0.
Also f increases when a & x are of same sign.

73.
Purpose : Defining variable maximum/minimum of a function depending on an independent variable.
Sol. (a)(d)
f(x) = x 3 – 6x2 + 9x – 3
f'(x) = 3x2 –12x + 9
f(x) is increasing in (0, 1) and decreasing in (1, 3).
Hence in (0, 1), g(x) = f(x) & in [1, 3], g(x) = 1
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 x 3  6x 2  9x  3 , 0  x  3

gx   1 , 1 x  3
 4x , 3 x 4


74.
Purpose : Differentiating a definite integral to redefine a function given in terms of integral.
Sol. (c)(d)

because

as and is bounded.

75.
Purpose : Checking continuity & differentiability of composit function of piecewise defined function.
Sol. (b)(d)
1  x, 0  x  2 2  x, 1  x  0
f x   & gx  
x  3, 2  x  4  2  x, 0  x  3
1  g  x  , 0  g  x   2
f g  x   
g  x   3, 2  g  x   4
1  x, 1  x  0
f g  x   
1  x, 0  x  2

Paragraph : I
Purpose : Identify unknown constants so that a piecewise defined function is continuous
everywhere.
Sol. 76. (a) 77. (b) 78. (c)
lim  ax 2  b   a  b & lim  bx 2  ax  4   b  a  4  a  2 .
x 1 x 1

Also xlim g '(x)  2a & lim g '(x)  2b  a  b  3 .

1 x 1

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 2x 2  3, x  1
Now g  x    2 .
 3x  2x  4, x  1

Paragraph : II

Purpose : Solving questions based on an unseen application of differentiation/graphs.

Sol. 79. (b) 80. (a) 81. (c)
Graph of y = |ln mx| will be as shown in the figure.
Now the line y = px will pass through origin and will meet the graph in 0, 1, 2 or 3 points
as described below,
If m is positive then
(i) 0 points if p is negative
(ii) 1 point if p is greater than the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin.
(iii) 2 points if p is positive & equal to the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin.
(iv) 3 points if p is positive & less than the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin.
If m is negaive then
(i) 0 points if p is positive
(ii) 1 point if p is greater than the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin but < 0.
(iii) 2 points if p is negative & equal to the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin.
(iv) 3 points if p is negative & less than the slope of tangent to y = |ln mx| from origin.
Now for y = |ln mx|,

 1 1  1 1
 if 0  x  if x0
dy  x m dy  x m
 , if m is positive and  .
dx  1 1 dx  1 1
if x   if x 
 x m  x m

dy m
Now if tangent is drawn from origin, then  .
dx e

m<0 m>0

Paragraph : III

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Purpose : To find critical points of a composite function.

Sol. 82. (c) 83. (a)
f "  x   0  f '  x  is an increasing function

f '  x 1   f '  x 2   x1  x 2 , f '  x 1   f '  x 2   x 1  x 2


h '  x   sin 2x f '  sin 2 x   f '  cos 2 x  
f '  x   0  sin 2x  0  x  0

or f '  sin 2 x   f '  cos 2 x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x  tan 2 x  1  x  
4

  
f '  sin 2 x   f '  cos 2 x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x  tan 2 x  1  x   , 
 4 4
Paragraph : IV

Purpose : To identify which of two given functions is greater in a given interval using analysis
of monotonic behavior & use it to acertain number of roots of a function.
Sol. 84.(c) 85.(b) 86.(a)
f '  x   1  sin x  f is increasing everywhere.
Also f(x) = 0 will therefor have exactly one root.
Now f(0) must be negative or positive as according, this one root is positive or negative.
Hence for one positive root a > 1 and for one negative root a < 1.

Paragraph : V

Purpose : Analysing characteristics like extrema & monotonocity of a function defined as a definite inte
gral by applying Newton-Leibnitz’s formula.
Sol. 87. (c) 88. (b)
Let f(x) has degree n so
n2 = 1 + n + 1  n = 2
 f(x) is quadratic with f(0) = 0 so let f(x) = ax2 + bx
3 2
so a(ax2 + bx)2 + b(ax2 + bx) = x  ax  bx   x  R
 3 2 


a b
 a   0; 2a2 b   0 ; ab2 + ab = 0 and b2 = 0
3 2

1
 b = 0 and a  
3
 given leading coefficient is positive

x2
 f(x)  .
3

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Paragraph : VI

Purpose : Analysing characteristics like extrema & monotonocity of a function defined as a definite inte
gral by applying Newton-Leibnitz’s formula.
Sol: 90. (b) 91. (c)
2
Differentiating the given relation gives 2x 1  x 2 f '  x 2     4xf  x   2x 2f '  x 

2

 1  x2 f ' x 2    2f  x   xf '  x 
2 2 2
 
 1  x 2 f '  x 2   4  f  x    x 2  f '  x    4xf  x  f '  x 
 4  f  x   xf '  x   f  x   1

d  xf  x   2
4 xf  x   x  4xf  x  d  xf  x    xdx  4x 2  f  x    x 2  c .
dx
3 x2  4
Now f  4   gives c = -4, hence f  x  
4 2x
x2  4
Now Let  y, then x 2  4  4x 2 y 2
2x
4
x
1  4y 2
 4y 2  1  0
1 1
 y .
2 2
 1
But f is non-negative hence range of f(x) is  0,  .
 2
x2  4
Also f  x    ax  4a 2 x 4  x 2  4  0 .
2x
Let y = x , then we get 4a 2 y 2  y  4  0 ,
2

1 1
D  1  64a 2  0  64a 2  1    a  .
8 8
2 2
Also both the roots of 4a y  y  4  0 are positive as coefficient of leading term & constant term
are positive & coefficient of y is negative.
1 1
Hence we get two positive roots of 4a 2 x 4  x 2  4  0 for   a  except for a = 0, which
8 8
gives x = 2

Paragraph : VII

Purpose : Defining a composite function of piecewise defined functions

Sol. 91. (a) 92. (c)

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3  g  1 5  x  3  g  2 2  g  0
 
Range of g   2  g  0 3  x  1& f  g   2g  2 0  g  1
 4  g  0 1  x  1 2  2g 1  g  3
 

 x 4  x  3

Hence fog  x    x  1 3  x  1
2x  4 0  x 1


 4, 3

 Range of fog   4, 2 
 4, 2

As range of f is [-4, 0] & domain of g is [-5, 1] hence range of f is a subset of
domain of g, which implies domain of gof will be complete domain of i.e. [-2, 3]. As
common domain of fog & gof is [-2, 1], hence check for solution only in the
interval.
Paragraph : VIII

Purpose : Manipulating given functional equation to derive required conclusions.

Sol. 93. (a) 94. (b) 95. (b)
Given : 4f  sin x   3f  cos x   x, 1  x  1 ...(1)

Repalcing x by  x gives : 4f  cos x   3f  sin x     x ...(2)
2 2
3
Eliminating f(cos x) gives 7f  sin x   7x 
2
3
or f  x   sin 1 x  .
14
    5 2  
Now range of sin 1 x is   ,  , hence range of f(x) must be  7 , 7  .
 2 2  
3 2 2
f  sin x   x  & f  cos x    x  f  sin x   f  cos x   .
14 7 7

3  3 
y  sin 1 x   x  sin  y  
14  14 
 3   2 
 f 1  x   sin  x    f 1  x    cos x
 14   7 

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Matrix Match :

96.

Sol. A - s, B - q, C - p, D - r
(A) Purpose : Obtaining a specific relation in derivatives of various order.
xy  ln y  1  xyy '  1  y 2  x  yy " y ' 2   3 yy '  0 , hence k = 3
(B) Purpose : Obtaining a specific relation in derivatives of various order.
xy
t/ 2 t/ 2
1  x 2 y '
dx dy ae  be y 1  x2
 cos t,   2y '   2y" 
dt dt 2 1  x2 1 x2
1 1
 1  x 2  y"  1  x 2 y ' xy '  1  x 2  y" xy '  y , Hence k = 1/2.
2 2
(C) Purpose : Rules of differentiation
F '  x   f ' g h  f g ' h  f g h '  21f g h  4f g h  7f g h  k f g h Hence k = 24.
(D) Purpose : Application of differentiation to compare value of a function
n 1
f '(a  b)  f '(a)  f '(b)   a  b   a n 1  b n 1
n 1 n 1
 b b n 1
 1    1   . Let b/a = x & g  x   1  x   1  x n 1 .
 a a


Clearly g '  x    n  1 1  x 
n2

 x n  2  g(x) is an increasing function for x > 0.
n 1 n 1
b 1 b 1  b b
Hence   g    g     1    1   . Least integral value of b/a is 1.
a 2 a 2  a  a

97.

Sol. A - r, B - q, C - p, D - s

(A) Purpose : Evaluating limit of type    depending on a parameter..

lim [(x5 + 7x4 + 2) x] = lim

2 y 5
 7 y  1  y 5 1
{replacing x by /y}
x y 0 y 5

1 7
Now as the limit is nonzero & finite hence   and limit =
5 5

(B) Purpose : Evaluating limit of type 1 using definition of exponential function.

cos ec x 1  2 4  x  1  x 1 
 3  lim .
 1  4  x 
x  0 sin x
lim .
x  0 sin x
.
 1  4  x 2  4  x 
lim   e  
e  
 e 1/12
x 0  1  4  x 
 

(C) Purpose : Standard application of derivatives in evaluating maxima & minima.

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2/3 2/3
1  x  1   x  1
1/3
f(x) = (x + 1) (x1) 1/3
 f ' x 
3  x  12/3  x  12/3

Hence f’(x) = 0 for x = 0 and therefore max. value of f in [0, 1] is 2.

(D) Purpose : Standard application of derivatives in evaluating maxima & minima.

f '  x   4 x 3  18 x 3  22 x  6

Now f(x) is zero for x = 3, hence min. of f can’t be 2 or 7/5. Also for x = 5/2,
f is 15/16, hence min. of can’t be 1/12.

98.
Sol.  A   q,  B  r,  C   r,  D   p
(A) Purpose : Identifying unknown parameters by setting up indeterminate forms in a given
limit.
8
lim f  x   2
x 0 2 bb 2  b  b  2  0  b 1
lim f  x   1  a 3  2  a 3  1  a  1
x  0

(B) Purpose : Standard methods of evaluating a limit.

n n
1  e3x e9x e27x ...e3 x
1  e3x 9x  27 x ...3 x
lim n  lim n
x 0 1  e x /3e x /9 e x/27 ...e x /3 x 0 1  e x/3 x /9 x/27 ... x/3

 3x 1  3 
n

x 3n 1

1 e 2 2.3n
 lim 3n 1  3n 1
x 0 x  3n  1 
3x 1 3n 
2.3n
1 e
2

Hence 3n 1  310  n  11

(C) Purpose : Finding range of function involving functions like GIF/Fractional part.
4 values.

  3 
1 x   , 
  2
  
 0 x   0, tan1   ,  
 2 
f x  
1  
x   tan1,   0
  2

2  
x   .2 
 2 

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(D) Purpose : Defining derivative of inverse of a function.

2
f (x)  (2x  ) 3  2x  cos x  f '  x   6  2x     2  sin x

 
Also f      f 1    
2 2

Let f 1  x   g  x  , then f  g  x    x

1
 g 'x 
f 'g x 

1 1
 g '    3
f 'f 1
  
f ' 
2

99.
Sol.  A   s,  B  q,  C   r,  D   p
(A) Purpose : Use of differentiation to find a function using given functional equation.
 x  y  2f (x)  2f (y)  4 1  x  y  2f '(y)
f   f '   diff . w.r.to y 
 3  6 3  3  6

x
f '  0   2  f '    2  f  x   2x  C
3
Now f(0) = 2 gives C = 2.
(B) Purpose : Finding range of a function by transforming it into composition of a well
known function
4 4
Let x = 2sin y, then g  y   1  cos y   1  cos y 

 g  y   2  cos 4 y  6 cos 2 y  1
2
g  y   2  cos 2 y  3  16
Hence g(y) will be maximum for cos2 y = 1 & minimum for cos2 y = 0.
 2  g  y   16 .
(C) Purpose : Use of differentiation to find a function using given functional equation
For x = 1, y = 1, we get f(1) = 4 and hence f (4) = 1.
d 1 1
Also 
f x   .
dx f ' f 1  x   
Now 4f  xy   f  x  f  y   4xf '  xy   f  x  f '  y 

f x
for y = 1, 4xf '  x   f  x  f ' 1 i.e. f '  x  
16x

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d 1 1 1 1
Now 
f x    
dx x 4 
f ' f 1  4   f ' 1 4

(D) Purpose : Manipulating a given functional equation to obtain a desired set of informa
tion.
f 1,1  f  0, f 10    f  0, f  0,1   f  0, 2   3

100.
Purpose : Setting up a function depending on a variable parameter to have required monotonic
behavior.
Sol.  A   p,  B   q,  C   r,  D   s
(A)
2

 e  2x  1 ,
2
 xe x , x0  x 2
x0
f x   2  f '  x   
  a  4ax  3x  , x  0
2 3 2 2
a x  2ax  x , x  0

2 2 1
Now 3x  4ax  a  0  0  a  .
3
 p5  3
(B) f (x)    1 x  3x  log 5
 1 p 
 

 p5  2
 f '(x)  3   1 x  3 .
 1 p 
 

p5
If f is always decreasing, then  1  p  5  p  1, p  1
1 p
 p 2  3p  4  0   p  4  p  1  0  1  p  4 .

(C) f (x)  sin 2 x    2  2  1 sin x  f '  x    2 sin x   2  2  1 cos x

  
Now in   ,  , cos x > 0 hence 2sin x   2  2  1 must have exactly one
 2 2
zero.
 2   2  2  1  2   2  2  3  0     1,3
(D) Let f(x) = x3 – 3x + a2 - a  f ’(x) = 3x2 – 3 = 0  x = ± 1
f  0   0  a 2  a  0 & f 1  0  a 2  a  2  0

Hence a   1, 0   1, 2  .

101.
Purpose : Identifying points of discontinuity & non differentiability of a piecewise defind function/
function having removable discontinuity.
Sol.  A   q,  B   p,  C   r,  D   s
(A) continuity must be checked at x = 1, 2, e, 3, 10, 11, 12, 3.5
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Further, f(1) = 0 and xlim f  x   lim sgn  x  2    log e x   0

1 x 1

Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 1

lim f  x   lim sgn  x  2   log e x    1  0  0
x  2 x 2

lim f  x   lim sgn  x  2    loge x    1  0  0 Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.

x  2 x 2

lim f  x   lim sgn  x  2   loge x   1 Þ lim f  x   lim x 2   0

x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3

Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 3.

Also {x2} is discontinuous at x = 10, 11, 12 therefore,

lim f  x   lim x 2   0.25  f  3.5 

7 x 3
x
2

Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 3, 10, 11, 12 , e

 1  1
1 1  x

 2 sin  cos  2  e if x0
 x  x x 
(B) f 'x  
1
 1  1 1  x
 x 2  sin x  cos x  2  e if x0

clearly there are no points of extremum.
(C) not differentiable at x = 1 & x = 3 .

1  1  
      1
(D) 2   1  2 x  x  
lim x  1  2  3  .......      lim x
  x 0
 x  2
x 0

2
 y  y  1  y  y  y   y  1  y   2y  1 y  y  y  1
2

lim  lim .
y  2y 2 y  2y 2 2y 2 2

102.
Purpose : Identifying various characteristics of a function defined non elementaryly.
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Sol.  A   q,  B  p,s,  C   s,  D   q,s

(A) f(x) has exactly one point of maximum at x = 0.

(B) f  x   x 3  x 2  4x  sin x  f '  x   3x 2  2x  4  cos x

2
 1  11
 f '  x   3  x     cos x .
 3 3
Clearly f ’(x) > 0 for all x.
Hence f(x) is one-one, onto & continuous at x = 0.
1 1 1 1
(C) f '  x   3x 2 sin  x cos , f    0  f  x   x 3 sin
x x  x
1
Now lim x 3 sin  0  f  0  . Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x 0 x
(D) f  x   3x 4  4 x 3  6 x 2  b  f '  x   12 x  x 2  x  1 
Hence f(x) has only one local extremum at x = 0 & is continuous at x = 0.

103.
Purpose : Methods/techniques of evaluation of limit.
Sol.  A   r,  B   p,  C   q,  D   r
1/ x 1  f (1 x )  f (1)  f '1
 f (1  x)  lim 
f 1 x 0 x

 f 1
(A) lim   e e  e2
x 0
 f (1) 

2  x 2 x3  x2 x3
2 x
1  x  x   1  x    ...    ...
(B) 1 x  x  e  2 6   lim 2 6 1
lim 2
 lim 2 2

x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x 2

f (x)  x 2  1 xf (x)  sin x  sin x  x 3  x

(C) lim  lim
x  0 xf  x  sin x x 0 x 2 f  x  sin x

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xf (x)  sin x sin x  x 3  x

 lim  lim
x  0 x 2 f  x  sin x x 0 x 2 f  x  sin x

 x3 x5 
3  x    ...   x 3  x
sin x  x  x 3! 5!
Now lim 2  lim  
x  0 x f  x  sin x x0  3
x x 5

x 2  x    ...  f  x 
 3! 5! 
7x 3 x 5
  ...
6 5! 7
 lim 5 7

x 0 
3 x x  6
 x  3!  5!  ...  f  x 
 

1 7 5
Hence required limit is   
3 6 6
2e1/ x  e 1/ x 2e 2/ x  3
(D) lim 1/ x  lim 2/ x
x0 e  e 1/ x x 0 e 1
1 1
 
Clearly x  0  e x  0 & x  0  e x   , hence limit does not exist.

Reasoning and Assertion

104.

3
a b c x x x  x
[Sol. We have Lim   =6  eln abc = 6  abc = 6 ... (1)
x 0  3 
 

Now, total number of possible triplets (a, b, c) in sample space = n(S) = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216

1,2,3) + (
Number of favourable cases = ( 1,1,6) = 09


6 cases 3 cases

9 1
 Probability =  ]
216 24
105.
Purpose : Comparing two function using monotonocity.

Sol. (a)

f  h   f 0
lim  f '0
h 0 h

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For the following questions answers are integers.

106.
Purpose : Application of derivative as slope of tangent to a curve.
Sol. [07]
dy
 2x  4  y  x 2  4x  c As the curve passes through (2 , 12) hence c = 0.
dx
0
Now 3 1  x  4x  dx  7 .
2

107.

Purpose : Evaluating limit of a function.

Sol. [02]

sin x
1
sin x   x

 sin x  x  sin x    sin x   sin x/ x 1


lim   = lim
x 0 
1    1 

x 0
 x    x 
 

= e–1

1 1
1 x 1 x
lim x = lim[1  (x  1)] = e–1
x 1 x 1

So, their sum = 2e–1

108.

Purpose : Differentiation to find the value of a specific expression using algebraic manipulations.
Sol. [03]

Taking logarithm of both sides, we get

  1 
ln y = x  ln  1   
  x 

y' 1
  ln 1  x   ln x 
y 1 x

2
y '' y   y '  x
 2
 2
 y 1  x 
2
Now 2  y '  2yy" y '  ln 4 .

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109.
Purpose : Geometrical Applications of derivatives.
Sol. [03]
Write required area as a function of & then use maxima/minima.

110.
Purpose : Standard application of derivatives in evaluating maxima & minima.
Sol. 
x2 + 20  9x  x2 – 9x + 20  0
 (x – 4)(x – 5)  0
 A = [4, 5]
f(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36
= 6(x – 2)(x – 3) > 0 on [4, 5]
Thus f increases on [4, 5], Therefore,
max f(x) = f(5) = 7.

111.
Purpose : Use of definition of definite inegrals as limit of sum.
Sol. [01]
1
 n n n  1 n 1 1 1 1 x
lim  2
n 1  n x

2
 2
4n x 2
 ...  2 2 2   lim 
n  n x  n n r 1  r  2  2
y  x 2
dy 
2 x
ln
1 x
2 0
  x
n

ln 1  x  ln 1  x 
 
1 1 x x x
Now lim ln  lim  1
x 0 2 x 1 x x  0 2

112.
Purpose : L’Hospital’s Rule/First principal of differentiation.
Sol. [04]
f  x   f a  f 'x 
Using L’Hospital rule lim 3
 lim 2
 f 'a   0
x a
x  a x a
3 x  a 

f ' x  f " x 
Further lim 2
 lim  f "a   0
x a 6  x  a 
x a
3x  a 

f " x  f "'  x 
lim  lim  f "'  x   0
xa 6x  a  x  a 6

Hence f(x) must be of at least degree 3. Let f  x   ax 3  bx 2  cx  d .

 1  a  2b  3c
Now f  2   8a  4b  2c  d  0, f '  1  3a  2b  c  0, f '    0
3 3

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1 b  14
&  f  x  dx  2  3  d   3 . Solving these 4 eq. gives f(x).
1

113.
Purpose : (i) Concept of range of trigonometric functions of type a sin x + b cos x.
(ii) Applications of derivatives in analysing monotonic behavior of a given function which depends
on a variable parameter.
Sol. [07]
f '  x   8a  7  6a cos 6x  5 sin 5x .
Now f’(x) must not change sign,
hence 8a 7 must be greater than 6a cos 6 x  5sin 5 x for all values of x, which implies a > 6.

114.
Purpose : Analysing a composit function for points of discontinuity/non differentiability.
Sol. [05]
1  x if  1  x  0

f  x   1  x if 0  x  1
 0 if x  1 or x  1


0 if x  2

1  x  1 if  2  x  0
g  x   f  x  1  f  x  1  
1  x  1 if 0  x  2
0 if x  2


Points where f is not differentiable are – 2, -1 , 0, 1 and 2.

115.
Purpose : Manipulating given data with the help of differentiation.
Sol. [06]
f’ (x) = –  sin (x)
1 
 f '    a sin  a    a  1
2 2
3/2
a sin  x   a 3b   a b 
  a cos  x  b  dx    bx       
  1/2   2   2 
2a 2
  b  1  b  1
 
12 12  
So,
  1 1
sin  1  cos 1   
   0  6 .
  2 

116.
Purpose : Limit of infinite summation/product.

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Sol. [09]
2
lim 2   an 1  
an  x f   f (0) 
x   x  
2
 a  
 f  n 1   f (0) 
lim 2  x 
an   an 1   an 1

x    .
 x 
 

2 2
an   an 1  f '(0) ; an   an 1 
a2  22 ; a3  24 ; a4  28 ; a5  216 ;...
9
9

a i  2.2 2.24.........2256  21 2  48...... 256  22 1

i 1

117.
Purpose : Graphical transformations.
Sol. [08]

118.
Purpose : Use of derivative as slope of tangent to given curve.
Sol. [07]
4
As 3x + 4y = 7 is normal to y = f(x) at (1, 1) hence f(1) = 1 and f ' 1  .
3
4x  1
Also 4x – 3y = 1 will be the tangent and hence f  x   at x = 1. Now
3
4x 4x
f x  for x  1 & f  x   for x  1 implies on right hand of x = 1 curve of y = f(x) lies
3 3
above its tangent and on left hand of x = 1 curve of y = f(x) lies below its tangent. Therefore x = 1
is a point of inflection, hence f " 1  0 .

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3f '  x   2f  x   2x 0
Now lim is in indeterminate form. Applying L’hospital Rule gives
x 1 f x  x2 0
3f '  x   2f  x   2x 3f ''  x   2f '  x   2
lim 2
 lim .
x 1 f x  x x 1 f '  x   2x
Hence the required limit is 7.

119.
Purpose : Manipulating a given functional relation.
Sol. [04]
 x  x  x xy 
f  x, y   f  xy,   f  xy,   f  xy  , 
 y  y  y x/y


 f  x, y   f x 2 , y 2 

 f  x, y   f x 2 , y 2
n n


Hence f  256, 256   f  2, 2 
Also f  2,1  f  2, 2 
Hence f(256, 256) = 4.

120.
Purpose : Setting up a function dependent on a variable parameter to have required monotonic behavior.
Sol. [09]
f '  x   3x 2  12x  a
Coefficient of x2 is positive hence f’(x) will be negative, only when two roots of the equation f’(x) =
0 are real and equal
Let the roots of f’(x) = 0 bea & b(a < b).
In this case the largest interval in which f(x) is decreasing function will be (a, b), but according to
question largest interval is (–3, –1)
a
   3,   1   
3
a
  (3) (1)  a  9 .
3
121.
Purpose : Manipulating a set of given functional relations.
Sol. [07]

f  x  1  f  x  1  2f  x 
 f  x   f  x  2   2f  x  1 & f  x  2   f  x   2f  x  1

 f  x  2   2f  x   f  x  2   2f  x  1  2f  x  1
 f  x  2  f  x  2  0

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 f  x  6   f  x  2 
 f  x  6  f  x  2
 f  x  8  f  x 
Now f(87) = f(7) i.e. 7.

122.
Purpose : Manipulating a given functional relation.
Sol. [04]
 x   x 
f  x, y   f  x 2 y, 2   f  x 2 y, 2   f  x 5 , y5 
 y   y 

 f  x, y   f  x 5 , y5 

 10 5 x 5   10 5 x 5 
But f  x , y   f  x y , 10  , hence f  x y , 10   f  x, y 
5 5

 y   y 

 1 
 f  215 , 5   f  2, 2  i.e. 4 .
 2 

123.
Purpose : Application of derivative in maxima-minima.
Sol. [02]



a x x

ax y
Let the width be a units, then as shown in the figure  cos    2  &  tan  .
x x
1
Now area of the folded part = xy
2
a2
eliminating x & y gives A  .
8sin 3  cos 

dA a 2  3sin 2  cos2   sin 4  

 
d 8sin 6  cos 2 
dA
 0  sin 2   0 or tan 2   3
d

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Clearly for tan 2   3 , area will be maximum

a a 3
Now  2 sin 2    .
x x 2

124.
Purpose : Manipulating given data using concepts of limits & application of derivatives.
Sol. [04]
n
r x
f r  x   cos  x  , g  x   lim  f r  
n 
r 0 4
 x x x 
 g  x   lim  1  cos  cos 2  ...  cos n 
n 
 4 4 4 

 n 1 x 
 1  cos 4 
 g  x   lim 
n  x 
 1  cos 
 4 

x
Clearly g(x) is discontinuous wherever cos  1 & g(x) is defined hence largest interval of
4
continuity will be the interval (0, 8).

125.
Purpose : Manipulating given data using concepts of limits & application of derivatives.
Sol. [01]
1 1 ln  ex  1
lim
lim  ln  ex   ln x is of indeterminate form 1 , hence lim  ln  ex   ln x  e x1 ln x
x 1 x 1

 g 1  e .

 h  x  1
 if x  1
 3x  3
xnf  x   h  x  1  f 1  h 1  1
Now   n 
g x  lim n
 g x   if x  1
2x  3x  3  8
 f x
 if x  1
 2

As g(x) is continuous at x = 1 hence xlim g  x   g 1  lim g  x 

1 x 1

h  x  1 f  x  f 1  h 1  1
 lim  lim  e
x 1 3x  3 x 1 2 8
h 1  1 f 1 f 1  h 1  1
    1  f 1  2e, h 1  6e  1 .
6 2 8

126.

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Purpose : Evaluating limit of an implicitly defined function.

Sol. [01]

f  x  ef  x   x  f  x   ln  f  x    ln x

f x ln  f  x  
 lim  lim 1
x  ln x x  ln x

As f(x) is defined only for x > 0 hence f  x  e f  x   x  f  x   0 .

1
Also f  x  e f  x   x  f '  x   , hence f(x) is always increasing.
1  f  x   ef  x 
Also as x approaches to  , f(x) can’t approach to a finite limit as that would mean
f  x  ef  x  is finite but f  x  e f  x   x , hence lim f x   .
x 

ln  f  x   
Now lim is of indeterminate form .
x  ln x 

ln  f  x   xf '  x 
Applying L’hospital rule lim  lim
x  ln x x  f  x 

ln  f  x   x
 lim  lim 0
x  ln x     f  x  ef  x 
x  1  f x

f x
Now lim 1.
x  ln x

127.

Purpose : Continuity & differentiability of composite functions with the help of graphical transformations.

Sol. [05]

Refer the following graph.

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128.
Purpose : Manipulating given data using concepts of limits & application of derivatives.
Sol. [01]
f x  – 5
f (x + 1) = ...(1)
f x  – 3
f (x) f (x + 1) – 3f (x + 1) = f (x) – 5
3f x  1 – 5
 f(x) =
f x  1 – 1

3f x  – 5
Replacing x by (x – 1), we get f (x – 1) = ...(2)
f x  – 1

f x  – 5
–5
f x  1 – 5 f x  – 3
Using (1), f (x + 2) = = f x  – 5
f x  1 – 1 –3
f x  – 3

2f x  – 5
= ...(3)
f x  – 2

 3f x  – 5 
3  – 5
3f x – 1 – 5  f x  – 1 
Using (2), f(x – 2) = = 3f x  – 5
f x – 1 – 1
–1
f x  –

2f x  – 5
= ...(4)
f x  – 2
Using (3) and (4),we have f (x + 2) = f(x – 2)
 f (x + 4) = f (x)  f(x) is periodic with period 4.

129.
Purpose : Evaluating a limit by transforming it into standard form.

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Sol. [0]
n

xn
 x 
  2  ex 
1 1
3 ex   – 1 
2  – 3 
x n
ex x n
ex  3  
L = lim = lim  
x  xn x  x n

xn n!
Now, lim lim
x = x   x = 0 (differentiating numerator and denominator n times sfor L’ Hospital’s
s
x  e e
Rule)
n
 x 
  2  ex 

 3  – 1 
  
xn lim   1
Hence, L = lim 3 e x x  xn lim
x  e x
x 
ex

= 1  log (2/3)  0 = 0

130.
Purpose : Evaluating a limit by transforming it into standard form.
Sol. [02]
  n lne/2 1  1   n ln e/2  
limn   sin –1 limn sin limn    –1
n   n 1  n  n n n   n 1  
= e  
=e  

 n lne/2    1 lne/2 
Consider, limn  –1 = limn  –1
n  n 1


  n   11/ n  
   

1
Put n =
y

ln e/2
1  1   ln e/2

= lim   –1 = lim1– 1 y = – ln  e/ 2

y0 y  1 y  y0
   y

Hence limit = 2.

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Only One Option Correct Integral Calculus Solution

1.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (b)
Required area = Area bounded by y 2  8x from A to B
+ Area bounded by y 2  8x  16 from B to C
- Area of DABD – Area of EBCE.
1 1 1 
= 2  1 8x dx  2     2 
2 2 2 

2.
Purpose : Integration by transformations.
Sol. (a)
3

0
  x  3  2 3 x  x  3  2 
3 x dx

3 3

0
 x 3    
3  x dx   2 3 dx  6 3
0
3.
Purpose : Differentiation of a definite integral.
Sol. (a)
x
1/ 2

f  x    1  t3  dt
0
g x 
3 1/ 2
i.e. f  g  x     1  t  dt
0

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g x 
3 1/ 2
i.e. x   1  t  dt [ g is inverse of f  f [g (x)] = x]
0
Differentiating with respect to x, we have
1 = (1 + g3)-1/2 . g '
i.e. ( g ' )2 = 1 + g3
Differentiating again with respect to x, we have
2g 'g ''  3g 2g '
g '' 3
gives 2

g 2
4.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
Sol. (b)
3 3 3 3 3 3f  x  3 f x 1 3
 dx   dx   dx   dx   1.dx  3
 
3 3  f x
 
3 3  f  x
 
 3 3f x  9
 
3 3  f x 2 3
Hence I = 1

5.
Purpose : Integration by parts.
Sol. (c)

2 x ln x ln 2 x –1  dx   2 x ln 2 2x 
 x  ln x 
2   ln x x  ln x 2  dx
 
 
2 x ln 2 ln 2 x d  1  x 
 ln x dx  ln x  2 dx  ln 2  dx  ln x   2 dx dx
2 x ln 2 2x 2x
 dx   2
dx
ln x ln x x  ln x 

 2 x ln 2 2x  2x
    dx 
 ln x
2
x  ln x   ln x .

6.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (b)
cos x  x sin x
 
 cos x  x sin x  x2
 dx   dx

x 2  cos 2 x   cos x 
2
1  
 x 
cos x  x sin x
Now, cos x  t,  cos x  x sin x dx  dt  x2  cos x 
dx   tan 1 
x x 2   cos x 
2
 x 

1  
 x 
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cos x  x sin x
 
x 2
2  1  cos x   
 2
x dx    tan    .
  cos x    x  0 2
1  
 x 

7.
Purpose : Integration of a discontinuous/piecewise defined function by splitting the integral into sum of
two or more integrals.
Sol. (a)
3 2 3
dx dx dx
 x 2  [x]2 – 2x[x]  1   x   12 – 2x.1  1   x 2  22 – 2x(2)  1
1 1 2
2 3
dx dx
= 2

1
1  (x – 1) 2
1  (x – 2) 2
2 3     
tan –1
  tan
(x – 1)
1
–1

(x – 2)
2
  – 0   – 0 
4  4  2
8.
Purpose : Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.
Sol. (a)
The given diff.eq. may be rearranged as
1 1 1 1
cos dy  y 2 sin dx sec 2
x x x  x dx
2
1 x
cos 2
x
 
 y  1 1
 d   2 sec 2 dx
1 x x
 cos 
 x
1 1
 y  sin  c cos
x x

Now as y = 1 as x tends to  , c = 1.

9.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E.
Sol. (a)
dy
Let P be (h, k), then equation of normal is  x  h   y  k  0 .
dx
dy
x Intercept made by the normal is h  k.
dx
 dy 
Now as given  h  k   h  2  h2  k2 
 dx 
2xdx  2ydy dx
Replacing (h, k) with (x, y) and rearranging terms gives 2 2
4
x y x
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Hence  ln  x 2  y 2   4 ln x  ln c  x 2  y 2  cx 4
As the curve pass through (1, 0) hence c = 1.

10.
Purpose : Solving a Linear D.E. using Integrating Factor.
Sol. (b)
dx
= x cos y + sin 2y
dy
dx
 + x(–cosy) = 2 sin cos y
dy
– cos y dy
I.F. = e  = e–siny
P.I. = x.e–siny = 2 e – sin y sin y cos y dy
Let sin y = t
 x . e–siny = 2  e – t .t dt
 x e–siny = – 2 sin y e–siny – 2e–siny + c
 x = cesiny – 2(1 + sin y)
Hence k = 2

11.
Purpose : (i) Finding a function using given functional equation.
(ii) Standard integration.
Sol. (b)
1
f (x)  2f    3x -(1)
x
1
Replace x with
x
1 3
2f (x)  f    - (2)
x x
2
From (1) and (2) f (x)  x.
x

12.
Sol. (a)
1 1
sin xdt dt
f x  1 1  2t cos x  t 2  sin x 1 1  cos 2 x   t  cos x 2
sin x  1 1  cos x 1  cos x 
 f x   tan  tan 1 
1  cos 2 x  1  cos x 1  cos x 
 sin x
 f x 
2 1  cos 2 x

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13.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. (c)
1 cos2  1 cos 2 
I1   xf  2x  x  dx  2
  2  x  f  2x  x  dx
2

sin 2  sin 2 

1 cos2 

 f  2x  x  dx
2
 2I1  2
sin 2 

cos2 
Now I1   
f 2  x  1   x  1 dx
2

 cos 2 

cos 2 

 f 1  x  dx .
2
 I1 
 cos2 

14.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
Sol. (d)
x y x s  y s
for x = y = s = 0, f     f     f    gives f(0) = 0.
z z z t z t
s
Now x  y  0 &  x  f (0)  f (x)  f (  x)  f ( x)  f (x)
t
hence f(x) is an odd function.
f (ln 2012) f (ln 2012)
cos xesin x cos xesin x
 1  e2sin x dx   1  e2sin x dx  0 .
f   ln 2012   f  ln 2012

15.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (d)
2
 1 
2
1  1  2010 
 1005
x  x 1 2010 
dx =  

x  dx
 x 4021
x 2011

1 1 t
let 1  2010
 t2  2011
 dt
x x 1005
1
  t(1  t) 2 dt
1005

1  x 2010  1 
 2010
 4020  9x  8x
12060  x 
1005

x 2010  1  3  c 

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16.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using substitution.
Sol. (b)
e4
I   log x.dx put log x  t and solve I  2e4  e  
e

17.
Purpose : (i)Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
(ii) Purpose : Integration of a discontinuous/piecewise defined function by splitting the
integral into sum of two or more integrals.

Sol. (a)
0 1
3
Area =  (x  x )dx   (x  x 3 )dx
5

1 0

1 1
 
12 4
1
 .
3
18.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (d)
Put t  nx  I   tan t. tan(ln 2  t).tan( ln 2)dt
  (tan t  tan(t  ln 2)  tan ln 2)dt  ln sec t  ln(sec(t  ln 2))  ln x tan ln 2  c

 
 sec(ln x) 
 ln  C
 sec  ln x  x tan(ln 2) 
   
  2 
19.
Purpose : Manipulating given data to obtain specific conclusion.
Sol. (a)
6
As   sin 1 xi  cos 1 yi   9
i 1

(sin 1 x1  sin 1 x2  ....in 1 x6 )  (cos1 y1  cos1 y2  ....cos1 y6 )  9 ,

1 
Which is possible only when sin xi  and cos1 yi   , i  1, 2,..., 6
2
 xi  1 and yi  1 ,  i  1, 2,...6
6 6

  xi  6 and  yi  6
i 1 i 1
6
1
 x ln 1  x  e x  e x dx  0 (Using property of definite integral)
2
Now, 6 


odd function

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20.
Purpose : Integration of a discontinuous/piecewise defined function by splitting the integral into sum of
two or more integrals.
Sol. (a)
1 1
 t3 t 2x  1 x
Case : x < 0, f  x    t  t  x  dt      
0 3 2 0 3 2

1 1
 t3 t 2 x  1 x
Case II : x > 1, f  x    t  t  x  dt       
0 3 2 0 3 2
Case III : 0 < x < 1,
x 1 x 1
 t3 t 2x   t3 t2 x  x3 x 1
f  x    t  t  x  dt   t  t  x  dt     
      
0 x 3 2 0  3 2 x 3 2 3

1
Minimum value occurs at x 
2
21.
Purpose : Solving a Linear D.E. using Integrating Factor.
Sol. (d)
dy 2 dy y
x  x  1  y  x 2  x  1    x  x  1
dx dx x  x  1
dx
  x x 1 x
I.F.  e 
x 1
xy x3
Solution is x  1   C and the answer is 6.
  3
22.
Purpose : Integration of a discontinuous/piecewise defined function by splitting the integral into sum of
two or more integrals.
Sol. (a)
4
1
  f  x  dx  8  4  2
4
23.
Purpose : Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.
Sol. (a)
Given differential equation is
(xy2 + 2x2y3)dx + (x2y – x3y2) dy = 0
dividing by x3y3
 1 2  1 1
  2  dx   
 xy 2 y dy  0

x y x   
 ydx  xdy  2 
  2 2
  dx  dy  0  solution is

 x y  x y
1 1
  2 log | x |  log | y | C or 2log |x| – log |y| –
xy xy = C
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24.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (c)
e
1  ln x
I dx
1 x ln x
Putting (x ln x) = t2, (ln x + 1)dx = 2tdt, we get
e
2tdt
I 
0 t
2 e.

25.
Purpose : using functional substitution to solve Integrals
2
f (2t )
[Sol. We have  f ' (2 t ) e dt  5
0

Put ef (2t) =y  2 f ' (2t) ef (2t) dt = dy

ef ( 4 ) ef ( 4)
1
Now  dy  5   dy  10  ef (4) – ef (0) = 10  ef (4) = 10 + e0 = 11
1
2 ef (0)
ef ( 0)
Hence f (4) = ln 11 Ans.]

26.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties/transformations.
Sol. (a)
/ 4  /4 / 4

  sin x cos 4 x  dx    sin x cos 6 x  dx  2I   sin x cos 4 x  dx

6 4 4
I
0 0 0

/ 4 / 2
1 1 3
I
32   sin 4 2x  dx  64   sin x  dx  2
4
11
0 0

27.
Purpose : Identifying a function from data relating function & ints integral.
Sol. (c)
d cos x 1  2 sin x 5 2
 2
 2

dx 2  sin x  2  sin x   2  sin x  2  sin x
cos x dx dx
 5  2
2  sin x  2  sin x 
2
2  sin x .

28.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (b)
x 2 cos x  sin 2 x x cos x  x  sin x   sin x  x  sin x   x sin x cos x  x sin x
  x  sin x  2
dx   2
dx
 x  sin x 

 x cos x  sin x  x  sin x   x sin x 1  cos x  dx  x sin x  C
2 .
 x  sin x  x  sin x
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29.
R x
Purpose : Integral of type , where P & Q are quadratics.
P Q
Sol. (c)
x2 1 2 x2 1
Let  t  2
dx  2tdt
x2  x 1  x  x  1
2

x 1 x2  x 1
or 2 2 dt
x 2
 x  1 x2 1 x  2x  1

x2 1 2 x2  x 1 1
2
 t  
x  x 1 x  2x  1 2  t 2
2

x 1 dt x2  1
 dx    I  sin 1 C.
x 2
 x  1 x 2  1 2  t2 2  x 2  x  1
30.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using substitution.
Sol. (a)
1/ x
1 ln u
Let t  , then f  x    u  u  1 du
u 1

1/ x 1/ x
ln u ln u
 f  x   dt   u  1 du
1 u 1
1/ x
1 ln u
 f x  f     du
x 1 u
 ln x
1
Now put ln u  v, then f  x   f     v dv
x 0
2
 1   ln x 
 f x  f   
x 2
31.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. (a)
3  2x  x  1   x  2   tan 1 x  1  tan 1 x  2
tan 1 2
 tan 1    
x  3x  1 1   x  1 x  2 
1 1 1
3  2x
Hence  tan 1 2
dx   tan 1  x  1 dx   tan 1  x  2  dx
0 x  3x  1 0 0

1 1 1 1
  tan 1   x  dx   tan 1 x dx    tan 1 x dx   tan 1   x  dx
0 2 0 2

1 2 2
   tan 1 x dx   tan 1 x dx    tan 1 x dx
0 1 0

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32.
Purpose : Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.
Sol. (b)
xdy  ydx
xdy   y 2  xy  y  dx   dx
y y  x
xdy  ydx
 x2  dx
yy 
  1
xx 
y dt dt dt
t  dx       dx
x t  t  1 t 1 t
t 1
 ln  x  ln C
t
x
y .
1  Ce x

33.
Purpose : Solving a reducible to Linear D.E. using substitution & Integrating Factor.
Sol. (c)
dy dy
2  tan x sin 2y  sec x 1  cos 2y   sec 2 y  tan x tan y  sec x
dx dx
dt
Let tan y = t, then  t tan x  sec x
dx
Above equation is a linear D.E.
I.F.  e 
tan x dx
 sec x
Solution is t sec x   sec 2 x dx  C or tan y sec x  tan x  C .

34.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (a)

1
 1   1 
A  2    1
2     dx    2 .
0  1 x   1 x2 

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35.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (d)

2
4
Area bounded by y = x2, x = 0, y = 4 is 4   x 2 dx 
0
3
m
m3 m3
Area bounded by y = x2 & y = mx is   x 2 dx 
2 0 6

4 m3

Hence 3 36  7  m  1 .
m
6
36.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (a)
 n 1 
 n 1 
An   x sin x dx  sin x  x cos x n   2n  1  .
n

37.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using integration by parts/obtaining reduction formula.
Sol. (b)
   sin  2
in  0,  , 
 2  
n
sin  2 / 2 / 2 
  I n   e  n sin  d   e 2  d
  0 0

/ 2
2   2n  n
2   
4
 In    e    1  e 
n  0 n  
2  1 
lim n k I n  lim 1 k 
1  n/4 
n  n  n  e 
lim n k I n  0 as k  1 .
n 

Now n k I n can not be less than zero hence the limit must be zero.

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38.
Purpose : Identifying a function from data relating function & ints integral.
Sol. (b)
tan 6x tan 4x tan 2x  tan  6x  tan  4x  tan  2x   tan 6x  tan 4x  tan 2x
12  tan 2x tan 4x tan 6x dx  2 ln  sec 6x   3ln  sec 4x   6 ln  sec 2x   C
 sec 2 6x 
I  ln  3 6 C
 sec 4x sec 2x 

39.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E.
Sol. (c)
dy
 2x  4  y  x 2  4x  c As the curve passes through (2 , 12) hence c = 0.
dx
0 7
 x  4x  dx 
2
Now .
1 3

40.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution/exact differential.
Sol. (b)
 e2
ln  
 ln x e ln x  ln x e ln x 0
 y   e2 
0 x 2  e2 dx  0 x 2  e2 dx  e x 2  e2 dx  0 x 2  e2 dx  e  2 2   y dy 
e 2
  e
y
 
 ln x e ln x e 2  ln y e 2
 2 2
dx   2 2 dx   2 2 dy   2 2 dy
0 x e 0 x e 0 y e 0 y e

e
 ln x 4 y  
 2 2 2
dx  tan 1      1.
0 x e e e0 e e
41.
Purpose : (i) relating characteristics of a function with those of its derivatives?integrals.
(ii) Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
Sol. (a)
Here as f is even hence f” will also be even and hence x3f(x) & xf”(x) are odd
functions. The integral reduces to 8.

42.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E/Use of Polar coordinates.
Sol. (a)
 /2 1 / 2 2 1
 r d   r d  r cos .r sin 
 2  2
/ 2 r 2


 2r  r  d  2 sin 2
2

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dr dr
  r 2  2r   r sin 2  r 2 cos 2   r tan    sec  cos ec
d d
 r cos   ln  cos ec  cot    c

 x 2  y2  x   x 2  y2  x  x  x 2  y2  x   x
 x  ln   e & e
 y   y   y 
     

 2x  y  e x  e x  .
43.
Purpose : Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.
Sol. (b)

y  y
f  f ' 
dy y x xdy  ydx  x  dx
     
dx x y x2 y x
f '  f 
x x

f 't dx
 dt   ,
f t x where t = y/x.

y
 ln  f  t    ln x  ln c  f    kx .
x

44.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (d)
k
16
 8x  x5  dx 
2
 16k3  k 6  17 . Hence no value of k.
1
3

45.
Purpose : Manipulating given data to derive specific conclusions.
Sol. (b)

 dy   x e dx  y   x  2x  2 ex  c .
2 x 2

Point on the curve (0, 1) gives c = -1.

2 x

Hence the curve is y  x  2x  2 e  1 . 
Clearly x = 1 gives y = e  1.

46.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (a)
a
a 2 1
 y2  1
2 1  a  8A
 1  y  dy  3
2
A   2  dy   a2  a  1  0 . Now for a to be
0 a  a
2
a 1 4  3A 2
a 2 1

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2
 8A  3A 2  4a  4 3A 2  4A  4 2
real and positive  2 
 4  2
 0 or 2
00A .
 4  3A  4  3A 4  3A 3

47.
Purpose : Formation of a differential equation representing a family of curves.
Sol. (b)
Equation of all the circles having centre on x - axis and passing through origgin will be
x 2  y 2  2ax  0 .
dy
xy a 0.
dx
y 2  x 2 dy
Eliminating a gives  .
2xy dx
48.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using
differentiation of a definite integral.
Sol. (a)
1
As f(x) is bounded and  dt is finite, hence y the property
 1  t 2

b b

 f (x)g(x)dx  f (c)  g(x)dx for f(c) being a number of (f

a a
max.
, fmin.) on (a, b), we get

1 
g  x   f  x, c   dt  g  x    f  x, c  .
 1  t 2

Hence g(x) is contiuous everywhere.

49.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution/complimentary pair of functions.
Sol. (d)

a2
2 2 1
x a 2

 x 4  a 2 x 2  a 4 dx    a 2 x2 dx
2
 x    3a
 x 

a2  a2 
Let x   t, then  1  2  dx  dt
x  x 
2 2
1 1 1 x  a
 f x   2 dt  tan c
t  3a 2 3a 3ax

f  a   0  c  0 & lim f  x   a 3
x  6

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50.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (a)

 1 x 
ln  
ln 1  x   ln x  x  dx
 1  x  x dx    1 x  x2
 x 
 

1 x  1 1
Let ln    t, then  dx  dt
 x  1  x x2
x
2
ln 1  x   ln x 1   1 x 
 dx    t dt    ln    C
1  x  x 2   x 

More than one options Correct

51.
Purpose : Solving a homogeneous D.E.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)

dt 5  2t 3  3t 2
Let y  tx, then t  x  4
dx 5t  3t 2  2t
dt 5  t 5  t 3  t 2  1
 x 
dx 5t 4  3t 2  2t

5t 4  3t 2  2t dx
 5 3 2 dt  5
t  t  t 1 x

 ln  t 5  t 3  t 2  1  5ln x  ln C
y5  x 2 y3  x 3 y 2  x 5  0, as the curve passes through (0, 0).

Now y5  x 2 y3  x 3 y 2  x 5  0   x  y   x 2  y 2  x 2  xy  y 2   0
As x 2  y 2  0 & x 2  xy  y 2  0 do not represent a real curve hence the required solu
tion is x + y = 0.
Required area is that of a triangle formed by x = 2, y = 0 & x + y = 0 i.e. 2 unit2.

52.
Purpose : Solving D.E. of higher degree using algebraic factorization.
Sol. (b)(d)
2
 dy  dy  dy  dy y 
x     y  x   y  0    1    0
 dx  dx  dx  dx x 
Now dy  dx  y  x  c1 & xdy  ydx  0  xy  c2
At (1, 2), c1 = 1 & c2 = 2.

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53.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (a)(d)
dx sec x dx
I I
cos x cos 2x cos2 x  sin 2 x
sec 2 x dx
I
1  tan 2 x
dt
tan x  t gives I    sin 1 t  C
2
1 t
hence I  sin 1  tan x   C
54.
Purpose : Inequalities involving definite integrals/Mean values.
Sol. (a)(c)(d)
We know 3 + x5/2 > x2.  x  [1, 3]
3 3
5/ 2
3 x 5/ 2
x   (3  x ) dx   x dx  4
1 1

Use 3  x 5/ 2  3  x 3 to obtain (C)

3 + x5/2 > 3 for x  [1, 3]
3 3

 3 x 5/ 2
 3   3  x 5 / 2 dx   3 dx  2 3
1 1
55.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (a)(c)
3 b1
a1 = 0, b1 = 32, a2 = a1 + b1 = 48, b2   16
2 2
3 16
a 3  48   16  72, b3   8
2 2
Y

X O 32 48 72 80 X

Y

So the three loops from i = 1 to i = 3 are alike.

1 2
Now area of ith loop (square) =  diagonal 
2
1 2 2
Ai   2bi   2  b i 
2
2
A i 1 2  bi 1  1
So, A  2

i 2  bi  4

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So the areas form a G. P.
Hence the sum of the G. P. upto infinite terms
1 2 1 8
= Ai  2  32   = 2(32)2 (4/3) = (32)2 square units.
1 r 1 3
1
4
56.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using differentiation of a
definite integral.
Sol. (a)(c)
 
2 2
f (x)  sin x   (sin x)dt   tf (t)dt
 
 
2 2


2
f (x)  sin x   sin x  A, A   tf (t)dt


2

  
2 2 2
A  t[sin t   sin t  A]dt or A   t sin tdt   Atdt
  
  
2 2 2


2
A  2  t sin dt  2(1  )
0

f (x)  (1  )(sin x  2)

M  3(1   ); m  (1   )
57.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using differentiation of a
definite integral.
Sol. (a)(d)
x 3t 3x
f (x)   dt  f '(x)   0 , hence f ( x ) is increasing
1 1 t2 1 x2
 0    , f ( )  f ()
x x
3t 1 3t 1 
for x > 3t  1  2
 2
  2
dt   2
dt  f (x)   tan 1 x
1 t 1 t 0 1 t 1 1 t 4
58.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties of periodicity
Sol. (a)(b)(d)
f (4  x )  f (4  x)  f (2  2  x)
 f (2  (2  x ))  f ( x)
Similarily we can prove
f ( x )  f (4  x  4)  f (8  x )

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 f (2  6  x )  f (2  (6  x))
 f ( x  4)
 f ( x)  f (4  x)  f (4  x)
4 2
 f ( x )dx   f ( x )  f (4  x) dy
0 0
2

0
 f ( x)  f (4  x)  dx
2
 2 f ( x)dx  10 then one can onclude.
0
59.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using integration by parts.
Sol. (a)(c)
1
x 2ex
1 x 2  1 ex  ex 1
 
dx    x  1 e x dx  a  a  e  2 .
0 x  1 dx  0 x 1 0

1 2 1 1 1 1
 x  x x ex ex ex
0  x  1  e dx  0 e dx  20 x  1 dx  0  x  12 dx  e  1  2a  0  x  12 dx
1
 x
1
dx ex
1
 de
x
dx 
Now  2
dx   e 
  x  12  0  dx
   x  12  dx
0  x  1  0  
1
e ex
  1  dx
2 0
x  1
1 2
 x  x e
Hence    e dx   a
0
x 1  2
60.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. (b)(c)
 
sin nx sin nx
In   dx  I n   dx (by substituting x as -x)

x
1  e sin x   1  e
x

sin x 

sin nx
 2In   dx

sin x

sin nx
 In   dx
0
sin x
 
sin 3x  sin x
 I3  I1   dx  2  cos 2x dx  0
0
sin x 0

 I0  I2  I4  ...  I 20 .

61.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E.
Sol. (b)(d)
x  y  dx   y 2  x  dy  0  xdy  ydx  x 2 dx  y 2 dy
2

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  d  xy    x 2 dx   y 2 dy

x 3 y3
 xy    C
3 3
1
x  0, y  1  C  .
3
Hence equation of the curve is x 3  3xy  y3  1 .
Now x  1  y3  3y  2  0
  y  1 y  1 y  2   0  y  1, 2 .

62.
Purpose : Identifying a function from data relating function & ints integral.
Sol. (a)(b)
1
x2 1 1 2
I 4 dx   x dx
2 2
x  3x  1  1
 x   1
 x
 1  1
 I  tan 1  x    C or I   cot 1  x    C '
 x  x
1
Hence f  x   tan 1 x or  cot 1 x & g  x   x 
x
Now g  f 1  x    2 cos ec 2x .

63.
Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Sol. (b)(c)
1 1
I dx  dx
2
3x  x  2  x  1 2  x 
Let x  cos 2   2sin 2 , dx  2sin  cos d

x 1
I   2d  2  C  2 tan 1 C.
2 x
Alternately
1 1
I dx   dx
3x  x 2  2 1  3
2

x  
4  2

I  sin 1  2x  3  C .

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64.
Purpose : Inequalities involving definite integrals/Mean values.
Sol. (a)(d)
1 3 3 1 3
 x 2  2x   for  x 
2 2 4 2 2
3/ 2
  3 3
hence   sin 1  x 2  2x   dx  sin 1 .
6 1/ 2  2 4
65.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using integration by parts/reduction formula..
Sol. (b)(c)
 
n x2 2
In   x e dx   x n 1 x e  x dx
0 0


2 
d 2 
 In   x n 1  x e  x dx      x n 1   x e  x dx dx
 0
0  dx 
 
2  x n 1  n  1 n 2  x2
x  t  In    x 2   x e dx
 2e  0 2 0
n 1
 In  In 2
2

Case I : n = 2m  In 
 2m  1 2m  3 2m  5  ...1 I  2m  1! a

m 0 2m 1
2 2  m  1!
 2m  2  2m  4 2m  6 ...2 I   m  1 !
Case II : n = 2m -1  In  1 .
2m1 2

66.
Purpose : Solving an exact differential equation.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)
 5x 4
 2xy 3  3x 2 y 2  dx   5y 4  2yx 3  3x 2 y 2  dy  0
 
As
y
 5x 4  2xy3  3x 2 y2  
x
 5y 4  2yx 3  3x 2 y 2  , hence the given D.E. is exact.

Sol. is x 5  x 2 y3  x 3 y 2  y5  0 .

67.
Purpose : Integration of a discontinuous/piecewise defined function by splitting the integral into sum of
two or more integrals.
Sol. (a)(b)(c)(d)


1 1 x  2

2  3 5 3 5
 x  3x  2    0  x  1 or 2  x 
 2 2
 3 5 3 5
1 0x or  x 3
 2 2
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3 5
1 2
3 5
If a = 1, then   x 2  3x  2  dx   1dx 
0 0
2

3 5 3
3/ 2 2 2
2 2 5
If a = 3/2, then   x  3x  2  dx   1dx    1 dx 
0 0 1
2

3 5
2 2 2
If a = 2, then   x 2  3x  2  dx   1dx    1 dx  1  5
0 0 1

3 5
3 2 2 3
2
 x  3x  2 dx  1dx    1 dx  1dx  2  5
If a = 3, then    
0 0 1 3 5
2

68.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. (a)(b)
 /4 / 4 / 4
a 2  b2   ln  sin x cos x  dx  a
0
2  b2   ln  sin 2x  dx   ln 2 dx
0 0

/ 2
1 
2x  t  a 2  b 2 
2  ln  sin t  dt  4 ln 2 .
0

 /2 / 2 / 2
Now a1   ln  sin t  dt   ln  cos t  dt  2I   ln  sin t cos t  dt
0 0 0

 /2 / 2  / 2
1  
 2a1   ln sin 2x  dx  
0 0
ln 2 dx   ln  sin x  dx  ln 2 
20 2  ln  sin x  dx  2 ln 2
0

 
 a1   ln 2  a2  b2   ln 2 .
2 2

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69.
Sol. (b)(c)

Area bounded by y = - ln x, x - axis & y - axis =  ln x dx  1

0

Area bounded by y = m(x - 1), x - axis & y - axis = |m/2|

1 m / 2 2
Given 1  m / 2  2  m   3

70.
Purpose : Solving D.E. of higher degree using algebraic factorization.
Sol. (a)(b)
2 2
 dy  x 2  y 2  dy  dy x 2  y 2  x 2  y2 
   2    1  0     2 2 
1
 dx  x 2  y 2  dx  dx x 2  y 2 x y 
dy x  y xy
  or
dx x  y xy
dy x  y xdy  ydx xdx  ydy
  2  2
dx x  y x  y2 x  y2
y
 2 tan 1 ln  x 2  y 2   C
x
dy x  y
  xdy  ydx  xdx  ydy
dx x  y
 2xy  x 2  y 2  C .

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Reasoning & Assertion
71.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral.
Sol. (b)
 
f  x    ln  x 2  2x cos   1 d   ln  x 2  2x cos       1 d  f   x 
0 0


f  x   f   x    ln  x 2  2x cos   1 x 2  2x cos   1 d
0


  ln  x 4  2x 2  4x 2 cos 2   1 d
0


  ln  x 4  2x 2 cos 2  1 d
0

/ 2
 2  ln  x 4  2x 2 cos 2  1 d
0


  ln  x 4  2x 2 cos   1 d  f  x 2 
0

72.
Purpose : (i) Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral.
(ii) setting up values of a function to have indeterminate form in a limit.
Sol. (b)
f x2  1
lim  2  f 1  1 & f ' 1  4
x 1 x4 1
1 1
1

 xf "  x  dx   x  f " x  dx  0  
0 0
 f "  x  dxdx  f ' 1  f 1  f  0   3
73.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties & substitutions.
Sol. (a)
/ 2
sin x sin 4x sin  cos 2x  / 2
cos x sin 4x sin  cos 2x 
I  dx   dx
0 sin x  cos x 0 sin x  cos x
/ 2
2I   cos 2x sin  cos 2x  2sin 2xdx
0

1
1
2I   t sin t dt    t cos t  sin t 0  cos1  sin1 .
0

74.
Purpose : Reduction formula.
Sol. (c)
/ 4 / 4 / 4
An   tan n x dx => A n   tan n  2 x sec 2 x dx   tan
n2
x dx
0 0 0

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/ 4
 tan n 1 x 
An     A n 2
 n 1 0
1
An   A n 2
n 1
75.
Purpose : Formation of D.E./Solving D.E. of higher degree
Sol. (b)
y = mx + c represents equation of a line with slope m and m = dy/dx hence solution of
y = x(dy/dx) + f(dy/dx) must be of the form y = mx + f(m)
y = mx + m2 gives dy/dx = m
or y = x(dy/dx) + (dy/dx)2
76.
Purpose : Formation of D.E./Solving D.E. of higher degree/Application of integration to find
area bounded by a curve.
Sol. (b)
dx
Equation of normal at (h, k) will be  y  k    x  h .
dy
dx
Length of y-intercept = k  h
dy
2
dx dx  dx 
As given y  x  x 2  y2  y2  2xy  x 2    x 2  y2
dy dy  dy 
2xdx  2ydy
Now  2dy  x 2  y 2  y  c
2 2
x y
As the curve passes through (1, 0) hence c = 1.
2
Equation of the curve is x 2  y 2   y  1 .

Paragraph I

Purpose : General evaluation of a definite integral/ Relating two definite integrals using proper
ties.
.
Sol. 77. (a) 78. (c) 79. (a)
/ 2
sin 2n x  sin 2 n  1 x / 2
sin (2 n  1) x
Bn  Bn 1   2
dx   dx  A n
0
sin x 0
sin x
/ 2 / 2
sin (2n 1) x  sin (2n  3) x
A n  A n 1   dx  2  cos 2(n 1) x dx  0
0
sin x 0

 A n  Bn  Bn 1 is a constant, hence Bn - 1, Bn, Bn + 1 are in A.P..

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Paragraph II

Purpose : Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.

Sol. 80. (b) 81. (b) 82. (a)
2
2 2 f " x  f  x    f ' x 
2  f  x   f " x  f  x    f ' x   0  2
2
f  x
d  f ' x   f 'x
    2   2x  a
dx  f  x   f x

df  x 
   2x  a  dx  ln f  x   x 2  ax  b
f x
2
 ax  b
 f  x   ex
2
x
Now f  0   f 1  1 f  x   e x
2
x
Also f '  x     2x  1 e x
1 1 1
80. f 'x  0  x  , clearly for x  f(x) is increasing & for x  , f(x) is decreasing.
2 2 2
1
81. f(x) has a only one extremum at x  .
2
1 2 1/ 2 2 1 2
x x
82. Required area = 0  2x  1 e dx   
0
 2x  1 e x  x dx  1/ 2  2x  1 e x  x dx
2
x
1/ 2 2
x
1  e1/ 4  1 
A   ex  ex  2  1/ 4  .
0 1/ 2
 e 
Paragraph III

Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties/substitutions/integration by parts.

Sol 83. (d)

sin ax cos bx sin  a  b  x  sin  a  b  x


0 dx   dx
x 0 2x
 
sin t sin t
 dt   dt  I
0 2t 0 2t
84. (d)

 d  sin x  dx 
   2
sin 2 x  2 dx 
0 x 2 dx  sin x  x 2  0  0  dx  x 2 dx
 
  
 sin 2 x  sin 2x sin t
    dx   dt  I
 x 0 0 x 0 t

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Paragraph IV

Purpose : Application of unseen Information/mehod.

Sol. 85. (c)
/ 2
1          1  
 sin x dx =  – 0
42 
f 0  f  2   2f  4  = 8  0  1  2 
     
 =
 2  8
 
2 1
0

86. (c)
Let h = t – a , then
a h h
 f x dx – f a  h   f a 
L= lim a 2
h 0 h3
h  h  h
 f a  h   f a   2f  a   – f a  h   f a 
= 4  2  2
lim  3
h 0 h
1  h 1 1  h 1
f  a   – f a  h   f a  f  a   – f a  h 
= 2  2 4 = lim 4  2 4
lim 2
h 0 h h  0 2h
1 n h 1
f  a   – f n a  h  1
= 8  2 4 =– f (a) = 0
lim 16
h 0 2
 f (x) = 0  x  R
Thus, f(x) must be a linear polynomial.
87. (c)
1 1
F (t) = (f (a) + f (t)) + (t – a) f (t)
2 2
1 1 1 1
– (f (d) + f (t) + (b – t) f (t) = (f (a) – f (d)) + (b – a) f (t)
2 2 2 2
As F (t) has a maximum at t = c, F (c) = 0
f b  – f a 
 f (c) = .
b–a

Paragraph V

Purpose : Solving a differential equation by change of variable.

Sol. 88. (c) 89. (c) 90. (b)
2
x  tan   dx  sec d , hence the given diff.eq. becomes
d  dy  2 tan  dy y 9/5
    0
sec2  d  sec2  d  sec2  sec 2  d sec 4  d

 dy d2y  dy
 sec   2cos  sin   cos  2   2 tan   y 9/5  0
2 2

 d d  d
d2y
 2  y 9/5  0
d

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d2y d  1 
Now 2   
d d  dy / d 

d 2 y d  1  dy
   
d2 dy  dy / d  d
3
d2 y 2
 dy  d 
 2    2
d  d  dy
3
d2y  dy  d  2 dx 
 2    sec 2    cos  
d  dx  dy  dy 
3
d2 y 3  dy  d  1 dx 
 2   1  x 2     2 
d  dx  dy  1  x dy 
3
 dy  d  1 dx  y 9/5
   2   3
 dx  dy  1  x dy  1  x 2 

Paragraph VI

Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties/integration by parts/reduction formula.

Sol. 91. (b) 92. (c) 93. (b)
k 1
1 k  ln x  x n 1 k 1 n k 1
f  n, k    x n  ln x  dx    x  ln x 
0 n 1 n 1 0
0

k
 f  n, k    f  n, k  1
n 1
d 3 k
Sol. f  n, k     x n ln x   ln x  dx  f  n, k  1
dn 2

2 2
 ln 3 34   ln 2  24 2
Sol.  f  3, 2    f  3,1
4 4

& f  3,1 
 ln 3 34   ln 2  24  1 f 3
x 3dx
4 4 2

81 2 81 65
 f  3, 2   ln 3  ln 3  ln 2 4  ln 4  .
4 8 32

Matrix Match

94.
Sol. (A) Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.

I   x  x(sin 2 (sin x)  cos 2 (cos x)  dx
0


 I      x   sin 2 (sin x )  cos 2 (cos x )  dx
0

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

  sin (sin x)  cos 2 (cos x)  dx

2
Adding 2 I  
0


2

  sin (sin x)  cos2 (cos x)  dx

2
2 I  2
0

 /2

  sin (sin x )  cos 2 (cos x)  dx

2
I 
0

 /2
2
Also I    sin (cos x )  cos 2 (sin x )  dx
0

 /2
Adding 2 I   2
 2dx  2 . / 2  
0
2
I  / 2
(B) Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.
Let f ( x )  2sin x
2 cos x
Then x f ' ( x )  x.  x cos x
x
 2 /4
2 /4
  f ( x)  x f ( x)  dx   x f ( x) 0
'
I
0

 2   2 / 4  sin  / 2   2 / 2
(C) Purpose : Integration by transformation, properties & substitution.
 /8  /4

 ln 1  sin 2 x dx   ln sin x  cos x dx

 / 8  / 4

 /4
  ln 2 sin ( x   / 4) dx
 / 4

 /4
  ln 2 sin t dt
0

 /2  /2
 ln 2  dt   ln sin t dt
0 0

  / 4ln 2   / 2 ln 2    / 4 ln 2
 /4 2
       
 ln 1  sin 2 x dx  ln 2 
ln 2 / 4
  
 ln 2   4  4
(D) Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.

x 3 cos 4 x sin 2 x
I  2 2
dx
0
  3 x  3 x

(  x)3 cos 4 x sin 2 x
I
6
 2  3 x  3x 2

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
Adding 2 I    cos 4 x sin 2 x dx
0

 /2  /2
I

.2 cos 4 x sin 2 x dx   4
x sin 2 x dx  3.1 .  2
2 
0
 cos
0
 .
6.4.2 2

32
.
95.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E/Orthogonal trajectory of a family of curves.
Sol. (A)  s; (B)  p; (C)  r; (D)  q.
dy 2x
(A) 2x 2  y 2  a 2   , for orthogonal curve
dx y
dy y
  2 ln y   ln x  ln c or xy 2  c
dx 2x
dy x
(B) x 2  y 2  a 2   , for orthogonal curve
dx y
dy y
   ln y   ln x  ln c or xy  c
dx x
dy 2x
(C) 2x 2  y 2  a 2   , for orthogonal curve
dx y
dy y
  2 ln y  ln x  ln c or y 2  cx
dx 2x
dy x2
(D) x 3  y3  a 3    2 , for orthogonal curve
dx y
dy y 2 1 1
 2      c or x  y  cxy
dx x y x
96.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties/substitutions/integration by parts.
Sol. A– p, B – q, C – r, D – s
dx dx sec 2 2x
(A) I    2  2  sin 2 2x  2 2sec2 2x  tan 2 2x dx
1  2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
dt
 2(1  t 2
)  t2
where t  tan 2x

dt 1 t 1  tan 2x 
 2t 2
 tan 1 C  tan 1  C
2 2 2  2 
2sin x cos x
(B) I   dx
(3  4cos x)3
put 3  4cos x  t & 4 sin x dx = dt
t 3 1  1 t 3 1  1 3 
 I   4t 3    dt    3 dt    2   C
 2 8 t 8  t 2t 
1 1 3 
=   2
8  3  4cos x 2(3  4cos x) 

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1  2(3  4cox)  3  3  8cos x

=  2 

8  2(3  4 cos x)  16(3  4 cos x) 2
x x
(C) Put t  and use the formula  e x (f (x)  f 1 (x))dx  e x f (x)  c  sec
2 2
1 dx
(D) I  
2 3x
x 2  2
2
1 dx 1 4x  3
   sin 1 c
2
2 41  3 2 41
x  
16  4

97.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using
differentiation of a definite integral.
Sol. A – q, B – r, C – s, D– r
4 3
3x 2esin x
(A) I   dx
1
x3
64
esin t
put x  t to get I 
3  t
dt  F(64)  F(1)
1

 K  64
2
x
2
 sec t dt
0 2x sec 2 x 2  0 
(B) Lt 0
 Lt
  x 0  
x 0 x sin x 0 sin x  x cos x  0 

[2 sec 2 x 2  8x 2 sec 2 x 2 tan x 2 ] 2

 Lt  1
x 0 cos x  cos x  x sin x 2
t t
x t
(C) F(t)   f (t  x)g(x)dx   e xdt
0 0

t
t x
e  xe dx
0
t t
1 t x t t t x
F (t)  e  xe dx  e te  e  xe dx  t
0 0

= e t e t (t  1)  t
 F1 (log 3)  (log 3  1)  log 3  1
dy
(D) 2y  2c
dx
dy  dy 
 y 2  2y  x  2y 
dx  dx 

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3
2 dy 2  dy 
or (y  2xy )  8y3   .
dx  dx 
t
Hence F(t)   f (t  x)g(x)dx then F 1 (log 3) 
0
98.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties/substitutions/integrations by parts.
Sol. A  r, B  q, C  s, D  p
 /4  /4
(A) I   ln  sin 2 2x  dx  2 ln  sin 2x  dx
0 0

 /4 a a
 I  2 ln  cos 2x  dx by  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx
0 0 0

 /2
by 2x  t, I   ln  cos t  dt.
0

/ 2 / 2  /2 dx
(B)  0
2


2
xecos x sin 2x dx   x  e cos x sin 2x dx   
0 0 dx
 e cos 2 x

sin 2x dx dx

/ 2 2 2 / 2 / 2 2
 xe cos x sin 2x dx    xe cos x    ecos x dx
0  0 0

/ 2 2  / 2 2
 xecos x sin 2x dx     e cos x dx
0 2 0
    5     3   7   5 
(C) f  x    f  x    f  x    f  x    f  x    f x  
 24   24   8  24   24   24 

    7   7   13 
 f x f x   0 f x f x 0
 24   24   24   24 

   13  
 f x   f x  . Hence f(x) is a periodic function with period = .
 24   24  2
a t
Let  f  x  dx  g  x  , then  f  x  dx  g  a  t   g  a  .
a


Hence for being independent of a t = .
2

5 x4  4 x5 1
(D) f x   dx = x 5  x  1
x 5
 x  1
2  
f  1  1

99.
Sol. A  r, B  p, C  q, D  s
(A) Purpose : Integration by transformation & substitution.

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x  x  x 
1  sin 1  cos    cos   
2 dx  2 2 1  4 4  dx
I  dx  
x  x 2 1  sin 2  x   
3  sin 2  1  cos     
2 2 2 4 4

4   x  
I tan 1  sin     + C.
2   4 4 
(B) Purpose : Identifying a function from data relating function & ints integral.
cos x
 sin x ln  sin x  dx  ln  ln  sin x    C.
f 1  x  ln 1  x 
Now lim  lim  1.
x 0 g  x  x 0 sin x
(C) Purpose : Binomial integral
 
dx dx 1
I   
2 3/2 3/2
x3
1/ 3 x 2 1  x  1/ 3  1 
x 2  2  1
x 

1 1
Let 2
 1  t 2 , 3 dx   tdt, then
x x
2
2 t2 1  1 1
I 2
dt   t   
1 t  t 1 2
(D) Purpose : Identifying a function from data relating function & ints integral.
f  x    cot 3 x cos ec 2 xdx

2cot 5/ 2 x
cot x  t 2 , cos ec2 x dx  2t dt  f  x    C.
5
1 1 2 cot 5/2 x 1
lim f  x    C   lim C
x
 5 5 x  5 5
2 2

 1
Now f    .
4 5

100.
Sol. A  p, B  p, C  q, D  r
(A) Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using
differentiation of a definite integral.
x

lim
 f  t  dt  f  x   f  a   lim f  x   f '  x 
a
3 2
x a
x  a x a
3 x  a 

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f '  x   f ''  x 
 lim
x a 6 x  a

f "  x   f '''  x  
 lim  f "  a   f '''  a  
x a 6 2
(B) Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
cos2 x  t  1
I 2   dt
sin x
 t  1 t  t 1  t 
b b
cos2 x  1 t  1
I   dt by  f  x  dx   f  a  b  x  dx
sin 2 x
 1 t  t  t 1  t  a a

cos 2 x 1
2I   dt
sin 2 x
t 1  t 

Let t  sin 2 u, dt  2sin u cos u du


x
2

I  du 
x 2
(C) Purpose : Definite integral as limit of a sum
1
 n 1 r  n2
1 

  n2  r2  

 n 1 2 2 r  n2 ln  r 1

 n r    

nn
2 n 


l  lim  r 1 n2  n  e  
n   
n
 
 

 2 2 1 2 3 2 n 1 
1 n 1
ln 
  n 2
 22  n 2
 32  ... n 2
  n 1  

123..( n 1)
n2  


n 2


le
n 1  2
1 r  r  
n
 n ln 1 n  
1
le r 1  
  x ln 1  x 2 dx  
0

1 1
1 1
1  x 2  t   x ln 1  x 2 dx    20 ln t dt  
2
0

(D) Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.


2 

Let I   f  sin x  sin x dx  I   f  sin x  sin x dx   f  sin x  sin x dx
0
0 
2

 
a a 2 2
Now by the property  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx,  f  sin x  sin x dx   f  cos x  cos x dx ,
0 0 0 0

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
b b c  2
& by the property  f  x  dx   f  x  c  dx,  f  sin x  sin x dx   f  cos x  cos x dx .
a a c  0
2


2
Hence I  2  f  cos x  cos x dx
0

101.
R x
Purpose : Integralos of type
P Q
Sol. (A)  r; (B) p; (C) S; (D) q

1 dt x 1
(A) put x  1  to get I     1  2t  C Or I  C.
t 1  2t x 1

1 t
(B) put x  to get I    dt
t  t 2  3 1  t 2
1 1 u2
now put 1  t 2  u 2 to get I    du  ln C
 u  4 4 u  2
2

(x  1)
(C) I   dx
x 2 2 x 2  2x  1

1 t 1
put x  to get I   dt
t  t  1
2
1
2
now put  t  1  1  u 2 to get I   du  u  C

(D) I    x 2  x  2x 3  3x 2  1 dx

1 2 t3
put 2x 3  3x 2  1  t 2 to get I  t dt  C.
3 9

102.

Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E.

Sol. (A)(q), (B)(r), (C)(p), (D)(s)

(A) y = e4x + 2e–x ; y1 = 4e4x – 2e–x ; y2 = 16e4x + 2e–x ; y3 = 64e4x – 2e–x
Now, y3 – 13y1 = (64e4x – 2e–x) – 13(4e4x – 2e–x)
= 12e4x + 24e–x
y3 –13y = 12 (e4x + 2e–x) = 12y
 K = 12 and K/3 = 4
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dy
(B) Let y = mx + c  =m
dx
 m  xm 2  mx  c  0
 m = m2 and c = m
 m = 0 or m = 1

dy du
(C) y = um  = m um–1
dx dx

dy dy
Substituting the value of y and in 2x4y + y4 = 4x6
dx dx

du
we have 2x4 um m um–1 + u4m = 4x6.
dx

du 4x 6 – u 4m
 =
dx 2m x 4 u 2 m –1
(D) y = Axm + Bx–n

dy
 = Amxm–1 –nBx–n–1
dx

d2y
 = Am (m – 1) xm–2 + n(n + 1) Bx–n–2
dx 2

d2 y dy
Putting these value in x 2
2
 2x = 12y
dx dx
We have = m (m + 1) Axm + n (n – 1) Bx–n = 12 (Axm + Bx–n)
 m (m + 1) = 12 or n (n – 1) = 12
 m = 3, –4 or n = 4, –3

Integer Answer Type

103.
Purpose : Evaluating an indefinite integral by transformations & substitutions.
Sol. [07]
1
f (x)    sin 6 x  sin 2 x  1 sin 12 x  2 sin 8 x  4 sin 6 x  4 cos x dx
1
1
 f (x) 
8
 8sin 7
x cos x  8sin 3
x cos x  8sin x cos x  sin 8
x  2sin 4
x  4sin 2
x  4

Let sin 8 x  2 sin 4 x  4sin 2 x  t 4 , 8sin 7 x cos x  8sin 3 x cos x  8sin x cos x  dx  4t 3 dt

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1 4
 f (x)  t dt
2
5

 f (x) 
 sin8 x  2sin 4 x  4sin 2 x  4 C
10
Now f  0   0  C  0
4
    5
10  f     7.
  2 

104.
Purpose : Integration by parts to derive a reduction formula.
Sol. [09]
1 n 1 n 1
In   ex 1  x  dx  In  n  ex 1  x  dx
 

In
or n
In 1

I9
Hence I  9 .
8

105.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [04]

let x  r cos , y  r sin ,

1
then r 2 
sin   sin  cos2   cos4 
4 2

4 8 1 4 4
 r 2  2  A    d
4  3sin 2  2 0 4  3sin 2 2
8  1
Let tan 2  u, then A  du
 0 4  u 2

8 1 u
 A   tan 1   4 .
 2 2 0
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106.
Purpose : Integration by parts to derive a reduction formula.
Sol.. [09]
 

 x2 1  x 2 n1  2 2
In   x e 2n
dx   x2 
  e  x x 2 n 2dx
0 2n  1  e  0 2n  1 0

2 I 2n  1 I I 9 7 I 63
 In  I n 1  n1   5 4    5 .
2n  1 In 2 I4 I3 2 2 I3 4

107.
Purpose : Use of Newton Leibnitz formulae to differentiate a definite integral for the pur
pose of evaluating it.
Sol. [10]

Let I   2 dx
0
 a 2 cos2 x  b2 sin 2 x 

dt 
tan x = t, sec2 x dx = dt gives I   2 2
 .
0 a  bt 2ab
 
dI 2
cos 2 x dx dI 2
sin 2 x dx
Then   2a 0 a 2 cos2 x  b2 sin 2 x 2 db
&   2b 0 a 2 cos 2 x  b2 sin 2 x 2
da    

2
1 dI 1 dI dx

Now 2a da 2b db   0 a 2 cos2 x  b2 sin 2 x 2
 

2
1  1  dx
Or 2a 2a 2 b  2b 2ab 2   2 2 .
0  a cos x  b sin x 
2 2 2


2
dx   a 2  b2 
Hence the given integral is  2

0 a 2
cos2 x  b 2 sin 2 x  3a 3 b3

108.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [02]
f (x) + f (1 – x) = 1
f (a )

I1   xf (x(1  x)) dx
f (1 a )

f (a )

I1   {f (a)  f (1  a)  x}f {f (a)  f (1  a)  x}{1  (f (a)  f (1  a)  x  dx

f (1 a )

f (a )

I1   (1  x)f  (1  x)x  dx
f (1 a )

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f (a )

I1   f (x(1  x))dx  I1
f (1 a )

2I1  I 2
I2
2
I1

109.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [72]
f (x  h)  f (x  0) f(x)  f(h) h f(x) f(x) f(0) 0 f(x)
f (x) = lim  lim
h 0 h h0 h
 f (h)  f (0) 
 lim    f (x)
h 0
 h 0 
f(x) = f (x)
f (x)
 dx   dx
f (x)
2 f (x) = x + c
x2
f(x) =
4
when a = 0 area is minimum
9

required minimum area = 2  2 y dy

0

9
 y3/ 2 
 4  = 72 sq. unit.
 3 / 2 0
110.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using integration by parts.
Sol. [03]
2 2 2
2  2 x  2 2 ln x x
 I2
  ln x   . dx
2 1 1 x
I x  ln x  dx  
1  2
2
 x2  22 x
 I  2  ln 2    ln x    dx
2 1 1 2
2
4I  8  ln 2   4 ln 2  3 .

111.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
Sol. [04]
2 2
tan 2 2 x
I=  sec 2 2 x
dx =  sin 2 x d x
0 0

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Put 2 x = t


 I =2  sin t d t = 4.
0
112.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using
differentiation of a definite integral.
Sol. [09]
dx 1 dy d 2y 1 . 18 y dy
dy
=  = 1  9y2  2
=
1  9 y2 dx dx 2 1  9 y dx
2

d 2y
 =9y  k=9
dx 2
113.
Purpose : Definite integral as limit of a sum.
Sol. [01]
1/n
  2 3 n  1 n   r 
ln  tan
 2n
tan
2n
tan
2n
... tan 
2n 
  ln  
n n 1  n 
1/n 1
  2 3 n  ln  x  dx
 lim  tan tan tan ... tan   e 0 1.
n 
 2n 2n 2n 2n 
114.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [02]
/4 /4
I2 =  ln (sin x + cos x) dx =  ln (cos x - sin x) dx
 /4  /4

/4 / 4  /2
 2 I2 =  ln cos 2x dx = 2  ln (cos 2x) =  ln (cos t) dt where 2x = t
 /4 0 0

 /2
 2 I2 =  ln (sin t) dt = I1 .
0
115.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [02]
/2

On integrating by parts  x 2 cos ec2 x dx

0

/2
/2
2
= x (– cot x 0 –  2x(– cot x)dx
0

2 x
Since lim x cot x  lim x. 0
x 0 x 0 tan x
/2 /2

 x 2 cos ec2 x dx  2  x cot x dx

0 0
Again, on integrating by parts
L.H.S.

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 /2 
/2
=2  x(log sin x) 0
–  log sin x dx 
 0 
/2

= –2 
0
log sin x dx  lim x log sin x  0 
x 0

116.
Purpose : Evaluating a definite integral using properties.
Sol. [02]
On putting cos  = t,
1 1 1
2 1 1
I =  log 1 – t dt  2  log(1 – t)dt + 2  log(1  t)dt
0 0 0

=  (log t  log(1  t))dt

0

Now J =  (log t  log(1  t))dt

1 1 
= t(log t + log (1 + t)) –  t    dt
 t 1 t 
2
We can now easily find I, as log k=2
e
117.
Purpose : Geometrical applications of D.E.
Sol. [02]
dy
 cos ec x dx
y log y
dy x
  y log y   cos ec x dx  log (log y) = log tan
2
+ log c.

x
x c tan
 log y = c tan y= e 2 k=2
2

118.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [02]
I1 =  (k  1 – k – x) f(k + 1 – k – x (1 – (k + 1 – k – x))) dx
I 1 = I2 – I1
I2
2
I1
119.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [02]
A      sin    sin   ecos  d & B      cos    sin   e cos  d

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Then B     i.A       cos    sin    i sin    sin    ecos  d

 B     i.A      ei ecos isin  d

 B     i.A     i    sin   i cos   e cos  isin  d

Let cos   i sin   t, then B     i.A     i  e t dt

 B     i.A     iecos  eisin 

 B     i.A     e cos   sin  sin    i cos  sin   

 B2     A 2     e 2cos  .
120.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties.
Sol. [01]
  
4 4 4
 1  tan x    
I1   ln   dx  I1   ln  tan   x   dx   ln  tan x  dx
0  1  tan x  0  4  0


2
u 1  u 1
Now x   I1   ln  tan  du  I 3
2 20  2 2
 
4 1 2 
ln u ln u
Now tan x  u  I1   ln  tan x  dx   2
du &  ln  tan x  dx  0   1  u 2
du  0
0 0 1 u 0 0

1 
ln u ln u
 2
du   2
du  0  I1   I 2 .
0 1 u 1 1 u

121.
Purpose : Integration by parts/Reduction formula
Sol. [02]
/2
In  
0
 sin x  cos x n 1 d  sin x  cos x 
 /2
 2   n  1 
0
 sin x  cos x n  2  cos x  sin x 2 dx
 /2 n2
 2   n  1   sin x  cos x   2   sin x  cos x  2  dx
0  
 2  2  n  1 I n  2   n  1 I n .
122.
Purpose : Identifying characteristics of a function given as a definite integral using differentiation of a
definite integral.
Sol. [09]
1 1
f  x   17x    60t 2  12x 2 t  f  t  dt  f '  x   17   24xt f  t  dt
0 0

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1
 f "  x    24t f  t  dt & f '"  x   0.
0

Hence f(x) must be a quadrat ic polynomial. Let f  x   ax 2  bx  c , then

1
ax 2  bx  c  17x    60t 2  12x 2 t  at 2  bt  c  dt
0
1

 
ax  bx  c  17x   60at 4   60b  12ax 2  t 3   60c  12bx 2  t 2  12cx 2 t dt
2

ax 2  bx  c   3a  4b  6c  x 2  17x  12a  15b  20c

2a  4b  6c  0,12a  15b  19c  0, b  17  a  7 & c  9
a  7, c  9 .
Hence f  x   7x 2  17x  9  f  0   9.
123.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [02]
1 5 6
A 2 
    4  x  dx   3dx    x  2  dx   2
19 19  0 1 5 

124.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [02]
4 12 14 2 
A  2   25  x dx    4  x  dx    x  4  dx  = 25 sin 1 4  2
2 2

0 40 42  2 5

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 INTEGRAL CALCULUS FLM – 2017

125.
Purpose : Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [05]

 x2 , 1  x  1

 1, 1  x  2
 ( x  3)2 , 2  x  4

 1, 4  x  5
f ( x)   2
 ( x  6) , 5  x  7
 1, 7  x  8 hence f(x) is periodic with fundamental time period = 3.
 2
( x  9) , 8  x  10
 1, 10  x  11


90

90 2  f (x)dx
0
 f (x)dx  30  f (x)dx  50 
0 1 10
5

126.
Purpose : Relating two definite integrals using properties/integration by parts.
Sol. [01]
1
Vn   e xU n dx
0

1 1
x dU n
Vn   e  e
 Un  
x
dx
0 0
dx

1
 
 x dU n  1
d 2U n 
Vn    e  e x
dx 
 dx  dx 2

0 
0 
1
Vn   e x n(n  1)U n  2  2n(2n  1)U n 1 dx
0

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 INTEGRAL CALCULUS FLM – 2017

Vn  n(n  1)Vn 2  2n(2n  1)Vn 1 Vn  n(n  1)Vn  2  2n(2n  1)Vn 1  0

k1  2; k2  1  k1  k 2  1

127.
Purpose : (i) Solving a D.E. by separating variables using exact differentials.
(ii) Application of integration to find area bounded by a curve.
Sol. [04]
2
2 2 f " x  f  x    f ' x 
2  f  x   f " x  f  x    f ' x   0  2
2
f  x
d  f ' x   f 'x df  x 
    2   2x  a    2x  a  dx  ln f  x   x 2  ax  b
dx  f  x   f x f x
2
 ax  b
 f  x   ex
2
x
Now f  0   f 1  1 f  x   e x
1 2 1/ 2 2 1 2
x x
Required area = 0  2x  1 e dx   
0
 2x  1 e x  x dx  1/ 2  2x  1 e x  x dx
2
x
1/ 2 2
x
1  e1/ 4  1 
A   ex  ex  2  1/ 4  .
0 1/ 2
 e 
3t t 3 3
128. [Sol. xA= Lim 2 t 2t = 3 ; Lim 2 t =  ]
t 0
 sin x  t 0 sin x sin 2 t 2
dx 2
  x  1 dx   1.dx  x 2t
0 0 0


a cos x  b sin x if 0  x 
129.[Sol. 
f (x) =  2
 a cos x  b sin x if    x  0
2
for – /2 < x < 0
f ' (x) = – a sin x – b cos x ....(1)
and f ''(x) = – a cos x + b sin x ....(2)
since f (x) has a minima at x = – /3
hence f ' (– /3) = 0 and f ''(– /3) > 0
3 b
now f ' (– /3) = + a · – =0= 3a – b = 0
2 2
a 3 1
and – b·
f '' (– /3) = – =  [a + b 3 ] = – 2a > 0
2 2 2
hence a < 0 and b < 0
2 0 2
2
now I=  f ( x)  dx = f
2
( x ) dx  f
2
( x ) dx
 2  2 0

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0
2
=  (a cos 2 x  2ab sin x cos x  b 2 sin 2 x ) dx +
 2

2
2
 (a cos 2 x  2ab sin x cos x  b 2 sin 2 x ) dx
0

a 2 b 2
hence I = + + 2ab = 2
2 2

1 3
2 ( 3  ) a 2 = 2  a  and b Ans. ]
 3  3



( 2x  x 2 ) dx (2x  x 2 ) dx
130. [Sol. I=  4 r r 2
 2 (dividing N and D by x ) or I=  1
2
x  2 x  9  x 1 2
1 x   9
 x

1  1 
put x2 + =t   2 x  2 dx = dt
x  x 
as x  1, t  2 as x  , t  
 
dt 1 1 t  1  1 2  1 1 2
 I=  2 dx = tan =   tan  = cot

2 t 9 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3
hence A = 1; B = 3; C = 2; D = 3
 (A + B2 + C3 + D4) = 1 + 9 + 8 + 81 = 99 Ans. ]

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