INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH FOR LAW

(TLE 0813)

MINI RESEARCH
TITLE: AWARENESS ON BABY ABORTION AMONG THE MARRIED
COUPLE
NO NAME MATRIC
1 ADRIANA NUR NABILAH BINTI AMONI 9200793
2 ANIS SYAZLIN BINTI ROSLAN 9200789
3 ILHAM NAYLA BINTI HARIS 9200794
4 FARAH NADRINAH BINTI SALLEH 9200795
5 NOR MASYITAH BINTI AZHAR 9200797
6 NUR HANNAH ATHIRAH BINTI ZUHAINI 9200790

PREPARED TO:
MADAM JUNAIDAH BINTI MD.DIN
 GROUP MEMBERS:

ADRIANA NUR NABILAH BINTI AMONI ANIS SYAZLIN BINTI ROSLAN

(9200793) (9200789)

NUR HANNAH ATHIRAH BINTI ZUHAINI ILHAM NAYLA BINTI HARIS

(9200790) (9200794)

NOR MASYITAH BINTI AZHAR FARAH NADRINAH BINTI SALLEH

 (9200797) (9200795)

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

One of the biggest concerns in this modern civilization is abortion among married couple.
An abortion (termination) is the medical process of ending a pregnancy so it does not result in
the birth of a baby. Baby abortion does not result in the birth of a baby and it depends on how
many weeks have the mom married. Abortion can do by taking medication or having surgical
procedure involving a more invasive procedure. There are two options for an abortion which
are surgical and medical. Surgical abortion is the most common type of abortion is a surgical
procedure called a ‘suction curette’. Moreover, medical abortion is a low-risk alternative to
surgery used for terminating pregnancies earlier than 9 weeks. However, abortion is different
with miscarriage and it depends on the intention of the pregnant mom. Based on this
information, researcher interested in focusing and studying what is the factors that contribute
to abortion among the married couple and the effects of the baby abortion.

1.2 Purpose of study

The purpose of this study is to find out Tamhidi students’ awareness on baby abortion
among the married couple at Tamhidi Centre, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Factors of baby abortion
2.1.1 Save mother's life
2.1.1.1 Getting older
For some, this is an incomprehensible act, but for others, abortion seems to be the
only way out of an unplanned pregnancy and an impossible future to negotiate. Figures show
that nearly one in four U.S. women will choose to have an abortion before the age of 45.
According to the Guttmacher Institute, several studies over the years show similar responses
from women who identify why they choose to have an abortion. Among the main reasons
mentioned by this woman for not being able to continue the pregnancy and childbirth is
because it will have a negative impact on the mother’s life. If viewed in terms of value, this
reason may be selfish. But a pregnancy that happens in the wrong place at the wrong time can
have a lifelong impact on a woman’s ability to raise a family and earn a living.

Apart from that, the effect of late pregnancy on the mother is that they are at high risk
of complications during the birth and postpartum process such as bacterial infections in the
amniotic fluid, bacterial infections after childbirth, heavy bleeding after childbirth, anemia
and a higher probability of having a cesarean section. So, the safest way to save a mother’s
life is to have an abortion

2.1.1.2 Dangerous disease

For the second trimester, whereby the pregnancy starts at week 13 until week 24,
dangerous disease that could lead to a serious health problem are also the factors that
contribute to abortion. Among the dangerous disease that contribute to this phenomenon are:

• Chronic disease such as diabetes or uncontrolled high blood pressure. As we all know,
the pain of these two comrades is very well known among Malaysians and if not controlled,
many complications will arise. Pain like this will disrupt the normal physiology during
pregnancy and eventually lead to abortion problems in order to save the mother’s life.
• An autoimmune problem is that antibodies attack the body's own cells. Based on
medical statistics, autoimmune diseases often occur in women and this matter becomes more
complicated when they are pregnant. This is because, the antibodies will attack the baby in
the womb and eventually the safer way the mother will choose to have an abortion.

• Problems with the cervix. The uterus can be considered as a home for the unborn baby
and the cervix is considered as the door to the house, namely the uterus. If there is a problem
in both of these structures, then the residence of the fetus is disturbed and this is what invites
the problem of abortion. Examples of problems that can arise are tumors in the uterus
fibroids, weak cervix and tumors on the cervix.

2.1.1.3 Heavy bleeding

Bleeding during pregnancy is a fairly common condition in the early trimester of

pregnancy. About 20 percent of pregnant women have experienced bleeding during
pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. This condition does not always
indicate a serious problem in pregnancy. However, this condition should still be wary of
pregnant women, because bleeding during pregnancy can be a sign of miscarriage or other
conditions that can harm pregnant women. In the first trimester or first 12 weeks of
pregnancy, bleeding during pregnancy is experienced by 2 out of 10 pregnant women. Some
conditions that can trigger this, namely:

• Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy can also be a cause of bleeding during pregnancy. However, this
condition is very rare and usually only affects about 2 percent of pregnant women. Ectopic
pregnancy itself occurs when a fertilized egg attaches somewhere other than the uterus,
usually in the fallopian tube. If the embryo continues to develop, the fallopian tube is at risk
of rupturing, resulting in dangerous bleeding. So, to save the situation, the mother can choose
to abort her baby to avoid the risk of her health problems in order to save her life.
2.1.2 Risk of disability to the baby

2.1.2.1 Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome,

chromosome 21. This extra copy of the chromosomes can eventually lead to the change on
how the babies’ body and development of their brain. It can cause both mental and physical
challenges for the baby. Usually, babies who are having this syndrome will have different
abilities. For instance, their physical appearance will not be the same as another babies. They
will have a flattened face, shorter in height, tongue that always stick out from mouth and
many more.

One factor that increases the risk for having a baby with Down Syndrome is the
mother’s age. Women who are 35 years or older when they become pregnant are more likely
to have a pregnancy affected by Down Syndrome than women who become pregnant at a
younger age. Due to the worriedness of the married couples, they believe that they need to
abort their baby to prevent from having a Down Syndrome baby.

2.1.2.2 Lack of Nutrients

Sometimes, the mom was having a maternal malnutrition during their pregnancy
days. This maternal malnutrition has a high probability to increase the risk of having a poor
pregnancy outcome such as obstructed labor, premature or low-birth-weight babies and
postpartum hemorrhage. Low-birth-weight is a significant contributor to infant mortality.
Moreover, low birth-weight babies who survive are likely to suffer growth retardation and
illness throughout their childhood, adolescence and into adulthood.

In addition, the lack of getting the nutrients for babies can affected their brain
which is it can result to a lower IQ and they are at the greater risk of infection. Therefore,
these babies will not be as active as usual babies as they do not get the adequate nutrients that
they need.
2.1.2.3 Cleft Palate

Cleft lip and cleft palate are openings or splits in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth
(palate) or both. Cleft lip and cleft palate result when facial structures that are developing in
an unborn baby don't close completely. When the babies are growing up, they will face many
challenges include:

• Difficulty with feedings

• Difficulty to speak

• Dental problems

• Chronic ear infections and hearing loss

According to the researchers, they believe that most of the cleft palate are caused by
an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The mother or the father can pass on
genes that cause cleft palate, either alone or as part of a genetic syndrome that includes a cleft
lip or cleft palate as one of its signs. Therefore, the married couples prefer to abort their baby
before it turned to a severe consequences and risk to the baby.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Participants
The respondents for this mini research were consisting of 10 males and 10 females from
Tamhidi Students which from Tamhidi Syariah and law, Tamhidi Science Physical and
Technology, Tamhidi Account, and Tamhidi Science and Medicine

3.2 Procedures
The procedures taken for this mini research was to carry out a questionnaire to find out their
opinion on the awareness of married couple abortion in Malaysia.

The questions carried out were as follow:

1. Gender of the respondents

2. Are you aware of married couple abortion in Malaysia?
3. In your opinion, what is the factor of baby abortion among married couples?
 CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS

4.1 Question 1
Genders of question

The pie chart gives the illustration that there are 20 respondents. The blue colour means 50%
respondents from males and the red one is 50% from females. This meaning that there is
balancing of the respondents for this questionnaire.
4.2 Question 2
The awareness of married couple abortion in Malaysia of question

The result for this question illustrates that 95% of respondents or in other words, mostly
Malaysian are aware with the married couple abortion in Malaysia. Out of 5% from the
minority respondents answer ‘not sure’ for this question. There is no respondent answer ‘no’
for this questionnaire.

4.3 Question 3

The factor of baby abortion among married couple of question

The pie chart gives a picture that kind of various answers had been given for this
questionnaire based on the respondents’ perceptions. Looking through this chart,40% or
majority of the respondents answered family planning is the main factor of baby abortion
among married couple and followed by 35% answers chose the factor of it is to save mother’s
life. Out of 20% respondents gave their opinion for this questionnaire is risk the baby’s life
meanwhile the minority of respondents answered mom is getting old for the factor.
 CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the issue of baby abortion still remains a controversial topic as it involves
many ethical dilemmas especially in regards to autonomy. Save mother’s life and risk of
disability to the baby are the main factors of baby abortion among married couple in
Malaysia based on our research. In addition, it is also can give side effects for both physical
and mental to the mother.

Some of our suggestions to settle this sickening issue is by we can raise awareness about
the negative impact of abortion among the married couple. By through this activity, the
married couple are become more aware about this issue and the implication and it can
contribute to the decreasing of percentage of baby abortion in Malaysia among married
couple.