NOVEL DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Introduction and Concept of Targeting
Contents
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Advantages of NDDS, concept of targeting-Active & Passive
targeting
Concept, design and one suitable application of a
typical system of following NDDS:
a) Floating gastro-retentive systems,
b) Colon targeted drug delivery systems,
c) Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems,
d) Osmotic systems,
e) Transdermal DDS (membrane permeation
systems),
f) Ocular inserts,
g)Colloidal DDS (liposomes, nanoparticles,
microemulsions
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What is Drug delivery?
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Method or process of administering a
pharmaceutical compound to achieve a
therapeutic effect in humans or animals.
An ideal dosage regimen in the drug therapy
of any disease is one which
immediately attain the desired therapeutic
concentration of drug in plasma and
maintains it‟s constant for the entire duration of
treatment.
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Limitations of conventional dosage
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forms
Poor patient compliance
frequent administration
A typical peak valley plasma concentration
time profile is obtained which makes
attainment of steady state condition difficult.
The unavoidable fluctuation in the
concentration
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Need for NDDS
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To overcome limitations of conventional
dosage forms
There are two ways to overcome such a
situation which are
Development of new, better and safer drugs with
long half life and large therapeutic indices.
Effective and safer use of existing drugs through
concepts and techniques of sustained/ controlled
and targeted drug delivery systems.
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Drug Delivery Systems
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A drug delivery system (DDS) is defined as
“a formulation or a device that enables the
introduction of a therapeutic substance in
the body and improves its efficacy and safety
by controlling the rate, time, and place of
release of drugs in the body.”
Time period varies from hours to year
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Aim of NDDS
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The aim of Novel Drug Delivery System is to
provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the
appropriate site in the body to accomplish
promptly and then maintain the desired drug
concentration.
The drug- delivery system should deliver drug
at a rate control by the necessarily of the body
over a specified term of treatment
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Objective of NDDS
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Spatial Drug Delivery: Targeting a drug to a
particular organ or tissue.
Temporal Drug Delivery: The drug delivery rate
to the target tissue is controlled.
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Modes of drug delivery
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Three basic modes of drug delivery
Controlled
Modulated
Targeted
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Modes of drug delivery
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• use of a delivery device with the objective of releasing the
drug at predetermined period or at specific times or with
Controlled specific release profiles
release
• implies the use of a delivery device that releases the drug
at variable rate controlled by environmental conditions,
Modulated biofeedback, sensor input or external control device
release
• systematic administration of drug-carrier with the goal of
Targeted the drug to specific cell types, tissues or organs
delivery
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Novel drug
delivery system
Sustained Controlled
release drug release drug
delivery system delivery system
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Novel Drug Delivery Systems
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Basic Goal of • To achieve steady state
therapy blood/tissue level
Objective of • Optimize the delivery of
medication
dosage form • Achieve controlled
design therapeutic effect
• Introduced to overcome
Novel drug the drawbacks
delivery systems conventional delivery of
drugs
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NDDS
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Sustained release
Sustained action
Prolonged action
Controlled release
Extended action
Timed release
Depot
Repository dosage forms
Are the terms to identify novel drug delivery systems
Concept has been rationalized for decades
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Sustained release Controlled release:
system that provide some
system: provides actual therapeutic control
release over which could be of a
extended period of temporal nature or a
time spatial nature or both.
Thus system attempts to
control drug
concentration in the
target tissue
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NDDS
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New strategies of NDDS
Oral drug delivery systems
Mucosal drug delivery systems
Nasal
Buccal
Ocular
Vaginal
Rectal
Transdermal drug delivery systems
Parenteral drug delivery systems
Intrauterine drug delivery systems
Targeted drug delivery systems
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Decrease adverse
effects & toxicity
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Improved patient
Better drug utilization
compliance
ADVANTAGES
NDDS
Controlled rate & site of
Reduction in dose release
frequency & selectivity of
pharmacological action
More Uniform blood
concentration &
More consistent and
prolonged effect
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Increased
cost
18 Does not Need for
permit patient
prompt education
terminatio and
n of counsellin
therapy g
Disadvantages
Less
Toxicity NDDS flexibility
due to in
dose adjusting
dumping dosage
regimen
Increased
Stability variability
problems among
dosage
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NDDS:-Benefits
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• Reduction in plasma level fluctuations
Therapeutic • Maintenance of steady plasma level over prolong
period
Reduction in adverse
effect and • Plasma levels maintained within narrow therapeutic
window with no sharp peaks and AUC comparable
improvement in with total AUC from immediate release dosage form
tolerability
Reduction in health • Total cost lower than immediate release product
with reduction in side effects and reduction in
cost overall disease management
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Classification of Controlled Release DDS
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Rate programmed DDS
Activation modulated DDS
Feedback regulated DDS
Site targeting DDS
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FUNDAMENTALS OF
NOVEL DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
(UNIT 1.0) FINAL YEAR_CBCS
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS:
• The term “drug delivery systems” refers to the
technology utilized to present the drug to the desired
body site for drug release and absorption.
• The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a
therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body
to promptly achieve and then maintain the desired drug
concentration.
• Drug Delivery Systems can be classified as:
1. Conventional systems
2. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS)
DOSAGE FORMS:
• There are numerous dosage form into which a drug
substance can be incorporated for the convenient and
efficacious treatment of a disease.
• Different dosage forms can be designed based on Routes
• of Administration.
Oral- Solutions, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions,
gels, powders, granules, capsules, tablets.
• Topical- Ointments, creams, pastes, lotions, gels,
solutions, topical aerosols.
• Parenteral- Injections (solutions, suspensions, emulsions
forms), implants, irrigation and dialysis solutions.
• Rectal- Suppositories, ointments, creams, solutions,
powders.
• Lungs- Aerosols (solutions, suspensions, emulsions,
powder forms), inhalation, sprays, gases.
• Nasal- Solutions, inhalations.
• Eye- Solutions, ointments.
CONVENTIONAL
DELIVERY SYSTEMS:
• These are immediate release dosage forms.
• These are formulated / designed to give rapid and
complete release of the drug contained therein
immediately after administration.
Advantages of Conventional Dosage Form:
1. Per unit cost of conventional dosage form is less than
non-immediate release dosage form.
2. More flexibility for the physician for adjusting dosage
form in conventional dosage form.
3. Conventional dosage form can accommodate the
patient variation.
4. Easy to formulate.
Limitations of Conventional Drug Therapy:
1. Unable to maintain therapeutic blood level for a
prolonged period of time.
2. Fluctuation of blood level over successive dosing
intervals (giving peak and valley pattern).
3. Risk of over medication or under-medication because of
drug blood level fluctuation.
4. Require frequent dosing Patient inconvenience + Poor
patient compliance Therapeutic failure / Inefficiency.
5. No therapeutic action during overnight no dose period
Risk of symptom break through in chronic disease.
6. Local/systemic side effect + overall health care cost is
high.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS (NDDS):
It is a combination of advanced techniques and new
dosage forms which are better than the conventional
systems.
Advantages of NDDS:
1. Decreased frequency of dosing
2. Enhanced bioavailability
3. Targeted drug release can be achieved
4. Reduced side effects
5. Improved patient compliance
6. Modifications in drug release patterns can be made
Modes of NDDS:
1. Targeted drug delivery
2. Controlled drug delivery
3. Modulated drug delivery
Examples of NDDS:
1. Ocular systems
2. Transdermal
3. Nasal and pulmonary
4. Parenteral delivery system
5. Oral delivery systems
6. Transmucosal delivery system
