‫‪Lecture No.

: 1‬‬ ‫المحاضرة األولى‬ ‫‪1‬‬

 ‫المنشآت ‪Structures‬‬

‫‪Determinate‬‬ ‫‪Indeterminate‬‬
‫محددة استاتيكيا ً‬ ‫غير محددة استاتيكيا ً‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Determinate structures‬‬
‫المنشآت المحددة استاتيكيا ً‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Indeterminate structures‬‬
‫المنشآت الغير محددة استاتيكيا ً‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪Comparison between‬‬
‫‪Determinate & Indeterminate structures‬‬

‫مقارنة بين المنشآت‬

‫المحددة استاتيكيا وغير ال محددة استاتيكيا ً‬

‫‪5‬‬
Determinate Indeterminate

Settlement

No Effect Serious Effect 6

Determinate Indeterminate

Rise in Temperature

No Effect Serious Effect 7

Determinate Indeterminate
Economy

8
Determinate Indeterminate
Deflection

3
PL
PL 3 192 E I
4
48 E I
1
9
Determinate Indeterminate
Stability

10
11
 Methods

Force Displacement
(Flexibility) (Stiffness)
Consistent Moment
Deformation
Three Moment Distribution
Slope
Equation
Column Stiffne
Deflection
Analogy
Elastic ss
Center 12
Force (Flexibility)
Methods
A w t/m B P C

6 8

A w t/m B P C

13
Force (Flexibility) Methods

14
Force (Flexibility) Methods

MC Mc
MB

15
Displacement (Stiffness)
Methods
A w t/m B P C

6 8

A w t/m B P C

16
Displacement (Stiffness) Methods

17
Degrees of Freedom
(DOF)

18
 Supports in Space
Structures :
Fixed Support

Ux=0, Uy=0, Uz=0

x=0, y=0, z=0

19
 Supports in Space
Structures :
Hinged Support

Ux=0, Uy=0, Uz=0

x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, z≠0

20
 Supports in Space
Structures :
Roller Support

Ux ≠ 0, Uy ≠ 0, Uz=0
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, z ≠ 0

21
 Supports in Plane
Structures
Active DOF :
Ux, Uy, z

Fixed Support

Ux=0, Uy=0, z=0

22
 Supports in Plane
Structures :

Hinged Support

Ux=0, Uy=0, z ≠ 0

23
 Supports in Plane
Structures :

Roller Support

Ux ≠ 0, Uy=0, z ≠ 0

24
Questions
25
‫‪Lecture No. : 2‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الثانية‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Introduction

2
Source of Moments :

Load Left Rotation

Settlement Right Rotation 3

Problem Formulation :

4
Relative
Stiffness

5
Relative Stiffness

6
Remembe
Degrees
r! of Freedom
(DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz

x, y, z
7
 Degrees of Freedom
(DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz x, y, z

Translational Rotational

Axial Shear Bending Torsional

Membrane) (Flexural)
8
 Stiffness FK d
tiffness Calculation methods :
First Method
Translation d=1
FK  1
F K
Rotation
M
K
MK 
 1= 9
Stiffness FK d
Second Method
Translation d
F K=F/d

Rotation
MK  M
K=M/  10
Examples
Translation (membrane)

First Method

K
d=1

11
Second Method
d
F

FK d F
K
d
FL F EA
d 
EA d L
EA
K
L 12
Rotation (Flexural)

M


M
MK  K

13
 B
M A
e n s i on
T

MBA

MBA
MAB
+

MAB 14
 MAB MBA
A B

+ MBA
A B
MAB
A B
A1 B1
A2 B2
A = A1 + A2 B = B1 + B2= 0 15
 A1 B1
Conjugate Beam

L
MAB
 = QElastic
MAB L
MAB L 
A1
MAB 3 EI
2 EI
MAB L

B1
MAB L MAB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 16
 MBA
A2 B2
MBA L
2 EI MBA  = QElastic
MBA L

A2
6 EI
MBA L
MBA L MBA L 
B2
3 EI
6 EI 3 EI
17
 B = B1 + B2= 0
MAB L MBA L

B1 
B2
6 EI 3 EI
_ MAB L+MBA L= 0
6 EI 3 EI
MBA L MAB L
=
3 EI 6 EI
M
M M= M
AB
BA
2 2
18
 A = A1 + A2
MAB L MBA L

A1 
A2
3 EI 6 EI
MAB L _ MBA L
A =
3 EI 6 EI
M= M
AB
BA
2
MAB L _ MAB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI
19
 MAB L _ MAB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI

A =
MAB L
EI ( 1 _ 1
3 12 )
A =
EI (
M L 4 _ 1
AB
12 12 )
MAB L
A =
4 EI
20
 MAB L
A =
4 EI
MAB 4 EI
=
A L
M
K


= 4 EI
L
21
Members with One Hinged End

M


M
K

22
M A B

L
 = QElastic
MAB L

A
MAB MAB L 3 EI
2 EI MAB L

B
MAB L MAB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 23
 MAB L
A =
3 EI
M
K


= 3 EI
L

K = 3/4 Ko 24
Members with symmetry

25
Members with symmetry

M M


M
K

26
M M


MAB
MAB L
EI  = QElastic
MAB L MAB L MAB L
A =
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
27
 MAB L
A =
2 EI
M
K


= 2 EI
L
Sym

K = 1/2 Ko 28
Members with Anti-symmetry

29
Members with Anti-symmetry

M

M
M
K

30
M
 M
MAB L
4 EI
MAB

L 2/3
 = QElastic
MAB MAB L
MAB L A =
4 EI 6 EI
MAB L MAB L
6 EI 6 EI 31
 MAB L
A =
6 EI
M
K


= 6 EI
L
Anti-Sym

K = 3/2 Ko 32
 Summary

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L

= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 33
Relative Stiffness
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 4 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB ICD
:
LAB LCD 34
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 3 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB 3 ICD
:
LAB 4 LCD 35
Distribution Factor (DF)

Relative
Stiffness

36
Distribution Factor (DF)
2

2 1
3 3
2 1
1+2 1+2 37
Distribution Factor (DF)
1
3 1
1+2+3
3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
3
38
Distribution Factor (DF)
M
A
MBA C
B
MBA=KBA  MBD MBC
MBC=KBC  M =MBA+MBC+MBD
MBD=KBD  M=(KBA+KBC+KBD) 
D
MBA=(KBA/K) M M=K 
MBC=(KBC/K) M =M/K
MBD=(KBD/K) M 39
Carry Over Moment (COM)

40
 B
M A
MBA

MAB
M
M M= M
AB
BA
2 2
Carry Over Moment (COM)
41
Sign convention:

+
-
42
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
P
PL PL
- 8 8
L

w 2
wL2 wL
- 12 12
L
43
44
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
w

w L2 w L2
- 20 30
L

P a b2
- L2
a b P b a2
L2
L 45
M b (2a-b) M a (2b-a)
M
L2 L2

a b
L

M
M
- M
L/2 L/2
- 4
4

46
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
47
Examples

48
Example 1 :
Draw B.M.D & S.F.D for the shown beam

A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8

49
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
FEM : Fixed End Momen

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

w L2 PL
= FABM= FBAM = FBCM= FCBM 50
12 8
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - =
8 8
MFCB = 16 tm
51
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KAB : KBC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 52
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6
53
 A B C

0.4 0.6 -10

DF
FEM - 6 6 -16 16
DM 0 +4 +6 0
COM +2 0 0 +3
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal - 4 10 -10 19

4 10 10 19

54
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
4 10 10 19

14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
- - -
+ ++
2
BMD 17.5 55
 14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
- - -
+ ++
BMD 2

Free Body Diagram 17.5

4 2 t/m 10 10 16 t 19

6 8
56
Free Body Diagram 17.5
12 t 10 10
4 2 t/m 16 t 19

6 8
6t 6t 8t 8t
1t 1t 1.125 t1.125 t

5t 7t 6.875 t9.125 t
57
 12 t
2 t/m 16 t

6 8
5t 7t 6.875 t9.125 t
5 6.875

+ +

- -
SFD
7 9.125 58
Summary
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment 59
Summary
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
60
12
Summary
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 61
Summary
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
62
3
Summary
Table :

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal

63
Questions
64
‫‪Lecture No. : 3‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الثالثة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
3
12
Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 4
Solution Steps :
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
5
3
Solution Steps :
Table :

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal

6
Examples

7
Example 1 :
Draw B.M.D & S.F.D for the shown beam

A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8

8
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
FEM : Fixed End Momen

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

w L2 PL
= FABM= FBAM = FBCM= FCBM 9
12 8
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - =
8 8
MFCB = 16 tm
10
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KAB : KBC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 11
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6
12
 A B C

0.4 0.6 -10

DF
FEM - 6 6 -16 16
DM 0 +4 +6 0
COM +2 0 0 +3
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal - 4 10 -10 19

4 10 10 19

13
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
4 10 10 19

14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
- - -
+ ++
2 14
BMD 17.5
 14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
- - -
+ ++
BMD 2

Free Body Diagram 17.5

4 2 t/m 10 10 16 t 19

6 8
15
Free Body Diagram 17.5
12 t 10 10
4 2 t/m 16 t 19

6 8
6t 6t 8t 8t
1t 1t 1.125 t1.125 t

5t 7t 6.875 t9.125 t
16
 12 t
2 t/m 16 t

6 8
5t 7t 6.875 t9.125 t
5 6.875

+ +

- -
SFD
7 9.125 17
Example 2 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

5 t/m 16 t
A 2 t/m B C D

I I I
6 6 4

18
 5 t/m 16 t
A 2 t/m B C D

I I I
6 6 4
FEM :
w L 2 6
2 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =

19
 5 t/m 16 t
A 2 t/m B C D

I I I
6 6 4
w L 5 6
2 2
MFBC = = tm 9 - =
20 20
w L 5 6
2 2
MFCB = = tm 6 =
30 30
P L 16 4
MFCD = = tm 8 - = MFDC= 8 tm
8 8
20
 5 t/m 16 t
A 2 t/m B D
C
I I I
6 6 4
RS :
KAB : KBC : KCD
1 : 1 : 1
6 6 4
2 : 2 : 3

21
 5 t/m 16 t
A 2 t/m B D
C

RS : 2 : 2 : 3
DF :
DFAB : DFBC DFBC : DFCD
2 : 2 2 : 3
2+2 2+2 2+3 2+3
0.5 : 0.5 0.4 : 0.6
22
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM - 6 6 - 9 -3 6 - 8 -2 8
DM 0 +1.5 +1.5 +0.8 +1.2 0
COM+0.75 0 +0.4 +0.75 0 +0.6
DM 0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.45 0
COM -0.1 0 - 0.15 - 0.10 -0.23
DM 0 +0.075+0.075 +0.04+0.06 0
MFinal -5.35 7.375- 7.375 7.19 -7.19 8.37
23
 A B C D

MFinal-5.35 7.375- 7.375 7.19 -7.19 8.37

5.35 7.375 7.19 8.37

7.375 7.19 8.37

5.35

24
 5 t/m
A 2 t/m B C 16 t D

I I I
6 6 4

7.375 7.19 7.78 8.37

5.35 6.36

9 16

2.64
25
8.22
 / L 3= 0.577 L
7.375
7.3
0.185 7.19
0.577 x 0.185
= 0.11
3w L2
3x5x 62
27
= 27

11.55

3rd Degree
4.25 26
 7.375 7.3 7.19 7.78 8.37
5.35 6.36

11.55
- 9 -- - - 16 -
+ + +
2.64 4.25
8.22
BMD 3rd Degree
27
Example 3 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6

28
 A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6
FEM :
P L 16 6
MFAB = = tm 12 - = MFBA= 12 tm
82 82
w L 2 6
MFBC = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFCB tm 6 =
P L 16 6
MFCD = = = 12 tm
tm 12 - = MFDC
8 8 29
A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6

RS :
KAB : KBC : KCD
1 : 1 : 1
6 6 6
1 : 1 : 1

30
 A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

RS : 1 : 1 : 1
DF :
DFAB : DFBC DFBC : DFCD
1 : 1 1 : 1
1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1
0.5 : 0.5 0.5 : 0.5
31
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 12 12 - 6 6 6 - 12-6 12
DM 0 - 3 -3 +3 +3 0
COM -1.5 0 +1.5 - 1.5 0 +1.5
DM 0 0.75 +0.75
-0.75 -0.75 + 0
COM-0.375 0 + 0.375 - 0.3750 +.375
DM 0 -.1875 -.1875 +.1875 +.1875 0

32
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
FEM - 12 12 - 6 6 - 12 12
DM 0 - 3 -3 +3 +3 0
COM -1.5 0 +1.5 - 1.5 0 +1.5
DM 0 -0.75 -0.75 +0.75+0.75 0
COM-0.375 0 + 0.375 - 0.3750 +.375
DM 0 -.1875 -.1875 +.1875 +.1875 0
COM- .094 0 + .094 - .094 0 +.094
DM 0 - .047 -.047 +.047 +.047 0
MFinal-13.969 8.0155- 8.0155 8.0155-8.015513.969
33
Example 4
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6

34
 A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6
FEM :
P L 16 6
MFAB = = tm 12 - = MFBA= 12 tm
82 82
w L 2 6
MFBC = = tm 6 - =
12 12
w

L
35
A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6

RS :
KAB : KBC
1 : 1 1
x
6 2 6
2 : 1

36
 A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

RS : 2 : 1
DF :
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 1
2+1 2+1
0.67: 0.33
37
 A B C D

DF 0.670.33
FEM - 12 12 - 6 6
DM 0 - 4 -2
COM -2 0 0
DM 0 0 0
MFinal -14 8 -8 8 -8 14

MFinal-13.969 8.0155- 8.0155 8.0155-8.015513.969

38
 A B C D

MFinal -14 8 -8 8 -8 14
14 8 8 14

14 14
8 8

39
A 16 t 2 t/m 16 t
B C D

I I I
6 6 6
14 14
11 11
8 8 8

24
- - - 9
- - 24 -
+
+ 1
+

13 BMD 13 40
Example 5 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam
18 t
A C 2 t/m D
I B

2 t/m I I
18 t
6 6 6

41
 A 18 t 2 t/m D
C
I B

2 t/m I I
18 t
6 6 6
FEM :
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 + =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 - =

42
43
FEM : B 18 t C

18 t
6

B 18 t C B C

+
18 t
6 6
44
 B 18 t C 18 x 2 x 42
18 x 4 x 2 2

6 2 62
8- 4 2 + 16

+
2 4 18 x 4 x 22
18 x 2 x 42
62
62
+ 16 B 18 t C 8-
45
 B 18 t C
- 8 + 16 + 16 - 8
18 t
6
MFBC= 8 tm MFCB= 8 tm

46
A 18 t 2 t/m D
C
I B

2 t/m I I
18 t
6 6 6

RS :
KAB : KBC
1 : 3 1
x
6 2 6
2 : 3
47
A 18 t 2 t/m D
C
B

2 t/m 18 t
RS : 2 : 3
DF :
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6
48
 A B C D

DF 0.4 0.6
FEM + 6 -6 +8
DM 0 -0.8 - 1.2
COM - 0.4 0 0
DM 0 0 0
MFinal+ 5.6 - 6.8+ 6.8 + 6.8- 6.8 + 5.6

49
 A B C D

MFinal+ 5.6 - 6.8+ 6.8 + 6.8- 6.8 + 5.6

5.6 6.8 6.8 5.6

6.8 5.6

5.6 6.8 50
 A 18 t 2 t/m D
C
I B

2 t/m I I
18 t
6 6 6
6.8 6.2
2.8
5.6

9
9
5.6 6.2 6.8
? 2.8

51
A 18 t 2 t/m D
C
I B

2 t/m I I
18 t
6 6 6

18 t
B C

18 t
6
52
 18 t
B 36 C

18 t
6t 6t
2 2 2
12

12 53
 12

12
1 2
9.73
6.8

12 2.27

12
2.27
6.8
54
9.73
 9.73
6.8 6.2
2.8
5.6
12 2.27
- -- -- 9 -
+ 9 + +12 +
2.27
2.8
5.6 6.2 6.8
9.73

BMD
55
Example 6 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

A B 5t C
2 t/m

I 6 I 8

56
 A B 5t C
2 t/m

I 6 I 8
FEM : Fixed End Momen

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

2
wL PL
= FABM= FBAM = FBCM= FCBM 57
12 8
 A B 5t C
2 t/m

I 6 I 8
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
PL 5 8
MFBC = = tm 5 - =
8 8
MFCB = 5 tm
58
 A 2 t/m B 5t C

I 6 I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KAB : KBC
3x1 : 1
4 6 8
1 : 1
8 8
1 : 1 59
 A 2 t/m B 5t C

I 6 I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
1 : 1 1 : 1
1+1 1+1
0.5 : 0.5
60
 A B C

DF 0.5 0.5
FEM - 6 +6-5 5
+6 +3 +4
FEM 0 +9-5 5
DM 0 - 2 -2 0
COM 0 0 0 -1
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal 0 +7 -7 +4
61
 A B C

MFinal 0 +7 -7 +4

0 7 7 4

7
4

62
A 2 t/m B 5t C

I 6 I 8
7
5.5
3.5
4
9 - - 10
-
+ +
5.5 3.5
BMD 63
Example 7 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8

64
5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8

FEM : Fixed End Momen

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

2
wL PL
= FABM= FBAM = FBCM= FCBM 65
12 8
5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8
FEM :
w L 2 6
2 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 12 8
MFBC = = tm 12 - =
8 8
MFCB = 12 tm
66
5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KAB : KBC
3x1 : 1
4 6 8
1 : 1
8 8
1 : 1 67
5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
1 : 1 1 : 1
1+1 1+1
0.5 : 0.5
68
5t A

2
tm 10+

69
 A B C

DF 0.5 0.5
FEM +10 - 6 + 6 - 12 +12
-4 -2 -8
FEM +10-10 + 4 - 12 +12
DM 0 +4 +4 0
COM 0 0 0 +2
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal +10-10 + 8- 8 +14
70
 A B C

MFinal 0 +10-10 + 8- 8 +14

10 8 8 14

71
5t A B 12 t C
2 t/m

2 I 6 I 8
14
10 11
9
8
9
- - - - 24 -
++
13
BMD 72
Example 8 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

A 2 t/m B 16 t C
16 t D 2 t/m E

I 2I 2I I
6 8 8 6

73
A 2 t/m B 16 t C
16 t D 2 t/m E

I 2I 2I I
6 8 8 6

A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 2I
6 8

74
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
FEM : Fixed End Moment

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

2
wL PL
= FAB M= FBA M = FBC M= FCB M
12 8 75
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
FEM :
w L 2 6
2 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - =
8 8
MFCB = 16 tm 76
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KAB : KBC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3
77
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6

78
 A B C

0.4 0.6 -10

DF
FEM - 6 6 -16 16
DM 0 +4 +6 0
COM +2 0 0 +3
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal - 4 10 -10 19

4 10 10 19

79
 14.5 19
10
7
4
9 32

17.5

80
19 19
14.5 14.5
10 10
7 7
4
32 32
9 9

2 2

17.5
BMD 17.5

81
Example 9 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

A B C 2 t/mD 5 t E
2I I
I 2I
5t 2 t/m

8 6 6 8

82
A B C 2 t/mD 5 t E
I I
I I
5t 2 t/m

8 6 6 8

C 2 t/mD 5 t E

I I
6 8
83
 C D 5t E
2 t/m

I 6 I 8
FEM : Fixed End Momen

MFCD MFDC MFDE MFED

2
wL PL
= FCDM= FDCM = FDEM= FEDM 84
12 8
 C D 5t E
2 t/m

I 6 I 8
w L2 2  6 2
MFCD = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFDC tm 6 =
PL 5 8
MFDE = = tm 5 - =
8 8
MFED = 5 tm
85
 C 2 t/m D 5t E

I 6 I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
KCD : KDE
3x1 : 1
4 6 8
1 : 1
8 8
1 : 1 86
 A 2 t/m B 5t C

I 6 I 8

DF : KCD : KDE
DFCD : DFDE
1 : 1 1 : 1
1+1 1+1
0.5 : 0.5
87
 C D E

DF 0.5 0.5
FEM - 6 +6-5 5
+6 +3 +4
FEM 0 +9-5 5
DM 0 - 2 -2 0
COM 0 0 0 -1
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal 0 +7 -7 +4
88
 C D E

MFinal 0 +7 -7 +4

0 7 7 4

89
 7
5.5
3.5
4
9 - - 10
-
+ +
5.5 3.5

90
 7
5.5
3.5 5.5 3.5 4
-
- -
-
+
9
10
-
+
10
9
+ +
4 3.5 5.5 3.5
5.5
7

BMD

91
Summary
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment 92
Summary
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
93
12
Summary
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 94
Summary
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
95
3
Summary
Table :
Fixed End Moment

‫مرحلة تمهيدية‬

96
Summary
Table :
Fixed End Moment ‫مرحلة‬
Distribution Moment ‫أولية‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬
97
Summary
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal 98
Questions
99
‫‪Lecture No. : 4‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الرابعة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
3
12
Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 4
Solution Steps :
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
5
3
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment

‫مرحلة تمهيدية‬

6
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment ‫مرحلة‬
Distribution Moment ‫أولية‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬
7
Solution Steps :
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal 8
Advanced Example
in beam

9
Example 10 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam

1t

2 A 16 t C
2 t/m
B
I 6 2I 8

10
 1t

2 A 16 t C
2 t/m
B
I 6 2I 8

FEM :
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - = MFBA tm 6 =
12 12
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - = MFCB= 16 tm
8 8
11
 1t
2

tm 2+
12
 1t

2 A 16 t C
2 t/m
B
I 6 2I 8

RS : KAB : KBC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 13
 1t

2 A 16 t C
2 t/m
B
I 6 2I 8

DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6 14
 +2 tm
A B C

0.4 0.6 -8
DF
FEM - 6 6 -16 16
DM 0 +3.2 +4.8 0
COM+1.6 0 0 +2.4
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal - 4.4 9.2 -11.2 18.4
4.4 9.211.2 18.4
15
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
4.4 9.211.2 18.4

14.8 18.4
11.2

4.4
6.8
9.2
-
32
- 9
- - -
+ 2
++
2.2 16
BMD 17.2
Frames
17
 Frames

Without Sway With Sway

18
 Without Sway Frames

Symmetry With Support

19
With Sway Frames

20
 Frames
without Sway

21
Example 11 :
Draw B.M.D, S.F.D and N.F.D for the shown fra

2 t/m

B 4I C
8t 8t
6 I I

A D
12
22
 2 t/m

B 4I C
8t 8 t6
6 I I
A D
12

23
 8t 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 4I I
6 12 6
FEM :
PL 8 6
MFAB = = tm 6 - = MFBA = 6 tm
8 8
w L 2  12
2 2
MFBC = = tm 24 - =
12 12

24
 8t 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 4I I
6 12 6
RS :
1 : 1 4 =1 : 1
KAB : KBC = x
6 2 12
DF :
DFAB : DFBC = 0.5 : 0.5

25
 A B C

DF 0.5 0.5
FEM - 6 6 - 24
DM 0 +9 + 9
COM +4.5 0 0
DM 0 0 0
MFinal -1.5 15 - 15
15
1.5
26
 8t 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 4I I
6 12 6

15 15
8.25 8.25
1.5 1.5
12 12
36

3.75 3.75

21 27
 15 15
8.25 8.25
1.5 12
36 12

3.75 3.75

15 21
15
8.25 8.25
1.5
12 12
36

3.75 3.75

21

28
BMD
ree Body Diagram
24 t
15 2 t/m 15

12 t 12 t
15
4t 6.25 t 15
13.5/6

2.25

8t 8t
6

4t 13.5/6 1.75 t
1.5
1.5 12 29
 2 t/m

12 t 12 t
6.25 t
6.25 t
8t
8t

1.75 t 1.75 t

30
 12 24 t
2 t/m

12 t 12 t
12
6.25 t 6.25

6.25 t
8t 6.25 8t
1.75

1.75 t
1.75 t
1.75
31
 12

+ 6.25

- -12 +
6.25
1.75

+ -
1.75

SFD
32
 6.25 t 2 t/m
6.25 t

12 t 12 t
12 t 12 t
6.25 t
6.25 t
8t
8t

1.75 t 1.75 t

33
 6.25 t 6.25 t

12 t 12 t

-
6.25
- 12 12 -
NFD
34
Example 12 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

2 t/m

B 2I C
16 t
I 6

A
12 35
FEM :
P L 16 6
MFAB = = tm 12 - = MFBA= 12 tm
8 8
w L 2  12
2 2
MFBC = = tm 24 - = MFCB= 24 tm
12 12
RS :
KAB : KBC 2 t/m

B C
1:1 2I
DF : 16 t
I 6
DFAB :DFBC
A
0.5 : 0.5 12 36
 -18 27 MFinal
0 0 DM
0 +3 COM
+6 0 DM
-24 24 FEM
12 0.5
18

C
+6
0
0

0.5 B
-12
+3
-9
0

A
37
 27
18

18
B C

-18 M
27 Final
C
18
A B
9
-9

A 38
 27
22.5
18

18 - 36
-
- B C

24
+
13.5
+ 10.5 13.5
2 t/m

9
- A
16 t
B C

BMD 6
A
12 39
Example 13 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame

3t 2 t/m C 4 t

B 2I
16 t
I
6
A
2 12 2 40
FEM :
P L 16 6
MFAB = = tm 12 - = MFBA= 12 tm
8 8
w L 2  12
2 2
MFBC = 12 = 12 tm 24 - = MFCB= 24 tm
RS :
KAB : KBC = 3 x 1 : 3 x 2
4 6 4 12
1:1 B C

DF : 2I
6
DFAB :DFBC I
A
0.5 : 0.5 2 12 2 41
3t 4t

2 6 -8 2

42
3t -27 + 8- 8 MFina
-6 0 0 DM
6 COM
0 0
+3 0 DM
- 30 + 8- 8 FEM
-8 -16
-24 24 - 8 FEM
0.5 DF
+21

+6

0.5
12
18
0
0

B
+3

-8
+12
-12
0

0
0

0
0

A
43
 27

21

-27 +8 MFinal
+21
0
0

44
 27
17.5
6 8

21
- - 36
--
- +
24 18.5
10.5
+ 13.5
3t 4t
2 t/m

16 t
BMD
6
2 12 2 45
Example 14 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame
A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 2I

2.5 I 6

D
6 8 46
FEM :
-6 6 -16 16
A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 0 2I

2.5 I 6
0
D
6 8
47
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m
RS :
I 2I
KAB : KBC : KBD
1 : 2 : 2.5 2.5 I 6
6 8 6
2 : 3 : 5 D
DF : 6 8

DFAB : DFBC : DFBD

2 : 3 : 5
10 10 10
48
 -5 +8 -13 +17.5 MFinal
0 0 0 0 DM
+1 0 0 +1.5 COM
0 +2 +3 0 DM
-6 6 -16 16 FEM
A 0.2 0.3 DF

B
0
0
+5

0.5
+5

-10
0

C
+2.5
+2.5

D
0
0
0

49
 17.5
15.25
13
8
5
6.5
32

- 9 - - -
+ 5 - +
2.5 16.75

A 2 t/m 16 t
B C

6
+ 2.5
6 D 8
50
 -5 +8 -13 +17.5 MFinal
0 0 0 0 DM
+1 0 0 +1.5 COM
0 +2 +3 0 DM
-6 6 -16 16 FEM
A 0.2 0.3 DF

B
0.5
+5

-10 C
+2.5

Another solution
D 51
Example Draw
15 : B.M.D for the shown fra

E
I 4
A 2 t/m 16 t C
B
I 2I

I 6
D
6 8 52
 A 2 t/m 16 t C
B
I 2I
6 8

FEM :
w L 2 6
2 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - = MFBAtm 6 =
12 12
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - = MFCB
= 16 tm
8 8
53
 E
I 4
A C
B
I 2I

I 6
D
6 8
RS :
KAB : KBC : KBD : KBE
1 : 2 : 1 : 2
6 8 6 8
2 : 3 : 2 : 3 54
 E
3 4
A C
B
2 3

2 6
D
6 8
DF :
DFAB : DFBC : DFBD : DFBE
2 : 3 : 2 : 3
10 10 10 10 55
 -5 +8 -13 +17.5 MFinal
0 0 0 0 DM
+1 0 0 +1.5 COM
0 +2 +3 0 DM
-6 6 -16 16 FEM
A 0.2 0.3 DF

B
-10 C
+5
56
 E E
3 3
B A B C
2 3
2 2
D D

3 E +1.5
5
B

2
+5 +3
+2
5
D +1
57
 1.5 17.5
- 15.25
13
8
5
6.5
32

- 9 - + - -
+ 2 - 3
+
2.5 16.75

2 t/m 16 t 4

6
8
+ 1
58
6
Summary Frames

Without Sway With Sway

Symmetry With Support

59
Summary

2 t/m

B 4I C
8t 8 t6
6 I I
A D
12

60
Summary
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment 61
Summary
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
62
12
Summary
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 63
Summary
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
64
3
Summary
Table :
Fixed End Moment

‫مرحلة تمهيدية‬

65
Summary
Table :
Fixed End Moment ‫مرحلة‬
Distribution Moment ‫أولية‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬
66
Summary
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal 67
Summary

Take it
In first DM
only

68
Summary

69
Questions
70
‫‪Lecture No. : 5‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الخامسة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
L
w L2
3
12
Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 4
Solution Steps :
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
5
3
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment

‫مرحلة تمهيدية‬

6
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment ‫مرحلة‬
Distribution Moment ‫أولية‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬
7
Solution Steps :
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal 8
Solution Steps :
Frames

Without Sway With Sway

Symmetry With Support

9
Solution Steps :

2 t/m

B 4I C
8t 8 t6
6 I I
A D
12

10
Solution Steps :

Take it
In first DM
only

11
Solution Steps :

12
Advanced Example
in beams

13
Beams with settlement
Fixed End Moment

14
Using 3M equation method


A B
Apply 3M eqn. at A :
L L 
0+2MA (0 + ) +MB ( ) = 6
EI EI L
6EI 
2MA+MB =
L2
15
 

A B
Apply 3M eqn. at B :
L L 
MA ( ) +2MB (0+ EI ) + 0 = 6
EI L
-6EI 
MA+2MB =
L2
16
 6EI 
2MA+MB =
L2
-6EI 
MA+2MB =
L2
By addition
MA+MB = 0
MA = - MB

6EI  -6EI 
MA= MB =
L2 L2
17
 6EI  -6EI 
MA = MB =
L2 L2 
A B

6EI 
L2
_

+
6EI 
L2
18
19
Example 16 : EI=4800 t.m
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam
A C
B
I 6 2I 8
FEM : 2 cm

6x4800x0.02 6EI  6x2x4800x0.02

62 L2 82
-16 18 20
 A C
B
I 6 2I 8
RS :
KAB : KBC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 21
 A C
B
I 6 2I 8
DF : KAB : KBC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6

22
 A B C

0.4 0.6 +2
DF
FEM - 16 -16 +18 +18
DM 0 -0.8 - 1.2 0
COM -0.4 0 0 -0.6
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal -16.4 -16.8 16.8 17.4

16.4 16.8 16.8 17.4

23
16.4 17.4

16.8

24
 Frames
with Sway

25
Example 17 :
raw B.M.D & N.F.D and S.F.D for the shown fra

2 t/m

B 2I C
8t
6 I I

A D
12
26
 2 t/m

B C
8t
6

A D
FEM : 12

PL 8 6
MFAB = = tm 6 - = MFBA= 6 tm
8 8
2
w L 2  12 2
MFBC = 12 = tm 24 - =
12
MFCB tm 24 = 27
RS : B 2I C

KAB : KBC : KCD 6 I I

1 : 2 : 1 A D
6 12 6 12
1 : 1 : 1
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 1 : 1
2 2 2 2
28
 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 2I I
6 12 6

DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 6 +6 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +9 +9 -12 -12 0
COM+4.5 0 -6 +4.5 0 -6
DM 0 +3 +3 -2.25 -2.25 0
COM+1.5 0 -1.13 +1.5 0 -1.13
DM 0 +0.57 +0.56 -0.75 -0.75 0
29
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
FEM - 6 +6 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +9 +9 -12 -12 0
COM +4.5 0 -6 +4.5 0 -6
DM 0 +3 +3 -2.25 -2.25 0
COM +1.5 0 -1.13 +1.5 0 -1.13
DM 0 +0.57 +0.56 -0.75 -0.75 0
COM +0.28 0 -0.38 +0.28 0 -0.38
DM 0 +0.19 +0.19 -0.14 -0.14 0
MFinal+0.28 +18.76 -18.76 +15.14 -15.14 -7.51

30
MFinal+0.28 +18.76 -18.76 +15.14 -15.14 -7.51
18.76
15.14

18.76 15.14

0.28 7.51

31
Free Body Diagram
24 t
18.76 2 t/m 15.14

12+? t 12-? t
18.76
4t 7.17 t 3.78 t 15.14
19.04/6

3.17

8t
6

4t 3.78 t
19.04/6 0.83 t
7.51
0.28 12
32
Free Body Diagram

7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t
7.17 t Fx ≠ 0 3.78 t

8t

0.83 t 3.78 t

33
 7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t
Fx ≠ 0
Reason
Sway do not included in the solution
Solution
Take Sway into consideration
Sway is unknown ?
34
Solution Stages
2 t/m Ro
First Stage B C
8t

A Mo D


R1
Second Stage B C

A M1 D
35
 Sway Moment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

 M1 R1

 2 M1 2 R1
 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage
....

....

....
  M1  R1

Final Stage  Mo M1 Ro R1

36
 Sway Moment Reaction

Final Case  Mo M1 Ro R1

=MFinalMo M1 RFinal 0 =
No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinalMo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
=
R1 37
Return to our problem

38
First Stage :

7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t

7.17 t
Fx ≠ 0
3.78 t
8t

0.83 t 3.78 t
39
 2 t/m
7.17 t Ro

3.78 t
Fx = 0
7.17 - 3.78 - Ro = 0

Ro = 3.39

40
 
Second Stage :

B C

FEM : A D

B 2I C
6 I I
A D 6EI 
12
L2
6EI 
62
41
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume : 6EI 
EI  = 60 62
6 x 60
= 10
62
MFAB tm 10 - = MFBA tm 10 - =
MFCD tm 10 - = MFDC tm 10 - =

42
Second Stage can be solved as previous

DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 10 - 10 0 0 - 10 - 10
DM

43
 Or

B C

A D

solved as anti-symmetry problem

44
RS : B 2I C

KAB : KBC 6 I I
1 3x2
: A D
6 2 12 12
2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC
2 : 3
5 5
45
 A B C D

DF 0.4 0.6
FEM - 10 -100
DM 0 +4 +6
COM +2 00
DM 0 00
MFinal - 8 -6 +6 +6 -6 -8

46
MFinal - 8 -6 +6 +6 -6 -8

6 6

8
M1 8

47
Free Body Diagram
14/6
14/6

R1
6 6
14/6 14/6

14/6 14/6

8 8
12 48
 14/6
14/6

R1

Fx = 0
14/6 + 14/6 - R1 = 0

R1 =
14/3

49
 Ro
Ro = 3.39

R1
R1 =
14 / 3
RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
Ro 3.39
= = =0.726
R1 14 / 3

=MFinalMo M1

50
 =MFinalMo M1 18.76 15.14

18.76
- 15.14
-18.76+.726x6 -
-
14.40 - 19.50 -
-15.14+.726x-6

+0.28 Mo
+
7.51
6
6 - 6
+ -
6

+7.51+.726x+8 - +
13.32 8
M1
726x-8.+28.+ 8
5.53 - 51
 14.40 - 19.50 -

5.53 - 13.32
19.50
14.40

19.50
14.40

5.53 13.32
52
 16.95 19.50
14.40

36
- - 19.50
14.40
- -
+
12
2.03
9.97
+ 19.05

- +
2 t/m 5.53 13.32

B C
8t
6
A D 53
12
Free Body Diagram 14.40 - 19.50 -

5.53 - 13.32
14.40 2 t/m 19.50

14.40 19.50
4t 8.87/6 5.48 t
32.82/6
1.47
5.47 t
6 8t 5.48 t

4t 8.87/6
2.52 t 32.82/6

5.53 12 13.32 54
 24 t
14.40 2 t/m 19.50

12 t 12 t

5.1/12 t 5.1/12 t 0.425 t

11.575 t 12.425 t

55
 24 t
2 t/m
5.48 t 5.48 t

11.575 t 12.425 t
12.425 t
11.575 t
5.48 t
5.48 t

8t

2.52 t 5.48 t

56
 24 t
5.48 t 2 t/m 5.48 t

11.575 t 11.575 t 12.425 t12.425 t

5.48 t
11.575 8t 5.48 t

5.48 t
+
2.52 t

- - 5.48

5.48 12.425 +
+
2.52 SFD 57
 24 t
5.48 t 2 t/m 5.48 t

11.575 t 11.575 t 12.425 t12.425 t

5.48 t 5.48 t
8t

2.52 t 5.48 t

-
5.48

- 11.575 12.425 -

NFD 58
Example 18 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame
16 t

B 2I C

6 I 2I

A D
3 12
59
First Stage :

16 t

B C
6

A D
3 12

60
 16 t
FEM :
B C
6

3 D
12
A

B 16 t C 16 x 9 x 32
16 x 3 x 9 2

122 122
27 - 3 9 +9

MFBC= -27 tm MFCBtm 9+ = 61

RS : B 2I C

KAB : KBC : KCD 6 I 2I

1 : 2 : 3x2 A D
6 12 4 6 12
2 : 2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 2 : 3
2 2 5 5
62
 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 2I 2I
6 12 6

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM 0 0 -27 +9 0 0
DM 0 +13.5+13.5 -3.6 -5.4 0
COM+6.75 0 - 1.8 +6.75 0 0
DM 0 +0.9+0.9 -2.7 -4.05 0
COM+0.45 0 -1.35 +0.45 0 0
DM 0 +0.67+0.68 -0.18 -0.27 0
63
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM 0 0 -27 +9 0 0
DM 0 +13.5+13.5 -3.6 -5.4 0
COM+6.75 0 - 1.8 +6.75 0 0
DM 0 +0.9+0.9 -2.7 -4.05 0
COM+0.45 0 -1.35 +0.45 0 0
DM 0 +0.67+0.68 -0.18 -0.27 0
COM+0.34 0 -0.09 +0.34 0 0
DM 0 +0.04+0.05 -0.14-0.20 0
MFinal+7.54 +15.11-15.11 +9.92 -9.92 0

64
MFinal+7.54 +15.11-15.11 +9.92 -9.92 0
15.11
9.92

15.11 9.92

7.54

65
Free Body Diagram
15.11 9.92

15.11
9.92
22.65/6
9.92/6
3.78
1.65 t

22.65/6
9.92/6
7.54 12
66
First Stage :

3.78 t 1.65 t

?t ?t

3.78 t
1.65 t

3.78 t 1.65 t
67
3.78 t Ro

1.65 t
Fx = 0
3.78 - 1.65 - Ro = 0

Ro = 2.13

68
 
Second Stage :

B C

FEM : A D

B 2I C
6 I I
A D 6EI 
12 L2
6EI 
62
69
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume : 6EI 
EI  = 60 62
6 x 60
= 10
62
MFAB tm 10 - = MFBA tm 10 - =
MFCD tm 10 - = MFDC tm 10 - =

70
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM -10 -10 0 0 -10 -10
+5 +10
FEM -10 -10 0 0 -5 0
DM 0 +5 +5 +2 +3 0
COM+2.5 0 +1 +2.5 0 0
DM 0 -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1.5 0
COM-0.25 0 -0.5 -0.25 0 0
DM 0 +0.25+0.25 +0.1+0.15 0
71
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM -10 -10 0 0 -5 0
DM 0 +5 +5 +2 +3 0
COM+2.5 0 +1 +2.5 0 0
DM 0 -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1.5 0
COM-0.25 0 -0.5 -0.25 0 0
DM 0 +0.25+0.25 +0.1+0.15 0
COM+0.13 0 +0.05 +0.13 0 0
DM 0 -0.02 -0.03 -0.05-0.08 0
MFinal- 7.62- 5.27 5.27 +3.43- 3.43 0

72
MFinal- 7.62 - 5.27 5.27 +3.43- 3.43 0

3.43

5.27 3.43

5.27

M1
7.62
73
Free Body Diagram
3.43/6
12.89/6

R1
5.27 3.43
12.89/6 3.43/6

12.89/6 3.43/6

7.62 12 74
 3.43/6
12.89/6

R1

Fx = 0
12.89/6 + 3.43/6 - R1 = 0

R1 =
2.72

75
 Ro
Ro = 2.13

R1
R1 =
2.72
RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
Ro 2.13
= = =0.783
R1 2.72

=MFinalMo M1

76
 =MFinalMo M1 15.11
9.92
15.11 - 9.92
-15.11+.783x5.27
- -
10.98 - 12.61 -
-9.92+.783x-3.43
+ 7.54
Mo
3.43
5.27
- 3.43

5.27 + -

-
7.62
M1
+7.54+.783x-7.62
1.57+ 77
 10.98 - 12.61 -

1.57+
12.61
10.98

12.61
10.98

1.57
78
 12.61
10.98

10.98
? 12.61

16 t

1.57
B C
6

3 D
A
12
79
 16 t
B C

3 9

12.61
11.39
10.98 1.63
1.63/4=0.41

16 x 3 x 9
= 36
12

24.61

80
 11.39 12.61
10.98

- - 12.61
10.98
+
- -
24.61

+
1.57
BMD
81
Example 19 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame
16 t
4t
B 2I C
6
I 2I
8
A
D
12
82
First Stage :

4t 16 t
B C
6
8
A
D
12

83
FEM : 4t 16 t
B C
6 8
P A
D
12
L
PL
8
P L 16 x 12
MFBC = = = - 24 tm
8 8
MFCB = 24 tm
84
RS :
B 2I C
KAB : KBC : KCD 6 I
2I 8
A
1 : 2 : 2 D
12
6 12 8
2 : 2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 2 : 3
2 2 5 5
85
 A B C D
I 2I 2I
6 12 8

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM 0 0 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +12+12 -9.6 -14.4 0
COM+6 0 - 4.8 +6 0 -7.2
DM 0 +2.4+2.4 -2.4 -3.6 0
COM+1.2 0 -1.2 +1.2 0 -1.8
DM 0 +0.6 +0.6 -0.48 -0.72 0

86
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM 0 0 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +12+12 -9.6 -14.4 0
COM+6 0 - 4.8 +6 0 -7.2
DM 0 +2.4+2.4 -2.4 -3.6 0
COM+1.2 0 -1.2 +1.2 0 -1.8
DM 0 +0.6 +0.6 -0.48 -0.72 0
COM+0.3 0 -0.24 +0.3 0 -0.36
DM 0 +0.12+0.12 -0.12-0.18 0
MFinal+7.5 +15.12-15.12 +18.9-18.9 9.36

87
MFinal+7.5 +15.12-15.12 +18.9 -18.9 9.36

18.9
15.12

15.12 18.9

7.5

9.36
88
Free Body Diagram
15.12 18.9

15.12 18.9
22.62/6 28.26/8
3.53 t
3.77

8
6
22.62/6

28.86/8
7.5
12 9.36 89
 4t 16 t
First Stage :
B C

A
D
4t
3.53 t
3.77 t
?t ?t
3.77 t
3.53 t

3.77 t 3.53 t 90
 4t Ro

3.77 t
3.53 t
Fx = 0
3.77 - 3.53 - 4 - Ro = 0

Ro = -3.76

91
 
Second Stage :

B C

A
FEM : D

B 2I C
6 I
8 6EI 
A 2I
D L2
12
6x2EI
82
6EI 
92
62
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume :
EI  = 48
6EI  6x2EI
62 82
6 x 48 12 x 48
= 8 = 9
62 82

MFAB tm 8 - = MFBA tm 8 - =
MFCDtm 9 - = MFDCtm 9 - = 93
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM - 8 -8 0 0 -9 -9
DM 0 +4 +4 +3.6 +5.4 0
COM+2 0 +1.8 +2 0 +2.7
DM 0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0
COM-0.45 0 -0.4 -0.45 0 -0.6
DM 0 +0.2 +0.2 +0.18+0.27 0

94
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM - 8 -8 0 0 -9 -9
DM 0 +4 +4 +3.6 +5.4 0
COM+2 0 +1.8 +2 0 +2.7
DM 0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0
COM-0.45 0 -0.4 -0.45 0 -0.6
DM 0 +0.2 +0.2 +0.18+0.27 0
COM+0.1 0 +0.09 +0.1 0 +0.14
DM 0 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04-0.06 0
MFinal- 6.35- 4.75 4.75 +4.59- 4.59 -6.76

95
MFinal- 6.35 - 4.75 4.75 +4.59 - 4.59 -6.76

4.59

4.75 4.59

4.75

6.35 M1
6.76
96
 4.75 4.59
4.59
ree Body Diagram4.75

6.35 6.76
11.35/8
11.1/6

R1
4.75
11.1/6 11.35/8
4.59

11.1/6 11.35/8

97
6.35 6.76
 11.35/8
11.1/6

R1

Fx = 0
11.1/6 + 11.35/8 - R1 = 0

R1 =
3.27

98
 Ro
Ro = 3.76

R1
R1 =3.27

RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
- Ro -3.76
= = =-1.15
R1 3.27
=MFinalMo M1

99
 =MFinalMo M1 15.12
18.9

15.12 - 18.9
-15.12-1.15x4.75
- -
20.58 - 13.62 - Mo
-18.9-1.15x-4.59 + 7.5
9.36 +

4.59
4.75 - 4.59
+ -
4.75

+9.36-1.15x+6.76 - M1
+
+7.5-1.15x-6.35 1.83 6.35 6.76
14.8+ 100
 20.58 - 13.62 -

14.8+ 1.83+
20.58
13.62

20.58 13.62

14.8
1.83 101
 20.58 17.1
13.62

20.58 48 - 13.62

-
+

+ 30.9

14.8
16 t
4t 1.83

B C BMD
6 8
A
D
12 102
Advanced Idea

103
eams with springs

First Stage :

104
First Stage :

Ro
Second Stage :

cm 1

R1 105
 SettlementMoment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

1 cm M1 R1
2 cm 2 M1 2 R1
3 cm 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage
....

....

....
 cm  M1  R1

Final Stage  cm Mo M1 Ro R1

106
 SettlementMoment Reaction
Final Stage  cm Mo M1 Ro R1

F=K

Ro +  R1 =
K 
=MFinalMo M1
107
ams with Intermediate Hing

Determinate Part Indeterminate Part

Determinate Part

Determinate Part
108
Indeterminate Part

Indeterminate Parts

109
Solution Steps :

Mo

Ro

M1


R1

110
 SettlementMoment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

 M1 R1

 2 M1 2 R1
 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage ....

....

....
  M1  R1

Final Stage  Mo M1 Ro R1

111
 Sway Moment Reaction

Final Case  Mo M1 Ro R1

=MFinalMo M1 RFinal 0 =
No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinalMo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
=
R1 112
Summary
Frames

Without Sway With Sway

Symmetry With Support

113
Summary
Frames With Sway

114
First Stage :

Mo

Ro

Fx = 0
115
 
Second Stage :

B C

M1 A D

R1

Fx = 0
116
 Sway Moment Reaction

Final Case Mo M1 Ro R1

=MFinalMo M1 RFinal 0 =
No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinalMo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
=
R1 117
Questions
118
‫‪Lecture No. : 6‬‬ ‫المحاضرة السادسة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
What is Tall Buildings :

Sydney Chicago
stories, 435 m height 110 2
Causes of Lateral Loads :

 Wind

 Earthquake

3
Approximate Methods of
Analysis
of Tall Buildings under Lateral
Loads :
 Portal Frame Method
 Cantilever Method

4
Portal Frame
Method

5
Introduction :
Beams


A B
6EI 
L2
_

+
6EI 
L2 6
Columns
 6EI 
L2

M=0

6EI 
L2
7
  
F
B C

Anti-Symmetry A D

6EI 
L2

8
F

F/2 F/2

9
 F

M
M M

M
M
Criteria 1
When frame is subjected to lateral loads
can put intermediate hinge in the mid of each membe
10
F

F/2 F/2

F/2 F/2
F/2 F/2

11
 F

F/2 F/2

F/4 F/4 F/4 F/4

12
 F/2 F/2

F/4 F/4 F/4 F/4

F

F/4 F/2 F/4

Criteria 2
When frame is subjected to lateral loads
nterior column carries the double of the exterior colum
13
Example 1 :
Draw B.M, S.F & N.F.Ds for the shown fram

24 t

4
12 t

8 8
14
24 t

4
12 t

8 8

15
24 t

4
12 t

8 8

16
 24 t

12 t

24 t
2

F1 2F1 F1
Fx = 0
4 F1 = 24
F1 = 6
17
24 t 24 t

12 t
12 t

F2 2F2 F2

Fx = 0
4 F2 = 36
F2 = 9
18
24 t

6 12 6

6 12 6

12 t

9 18 9

9 18 9

19
 24 t

6 12 12 6
6 6

12 t
9 18 9
9 18 9
4

24 t F2 Fx = 0
24-6- F2 = 0
F3 F2 = 18 t
2
6 M@ = 0
a (24-F2)x2- 4F3 = 0
Fy = 0
F4 F3 + F4 = 0 4F3 = 12
F4 = - 3 F3 = 3
20
 24 t
Or 6 12 6
6 12 6

12 t
9 18
9 18 9
4

24 t F2 Fx = 0
24-6- F2 = 0
F3 F2 = 18 t
2
a 6 Mreaction = Maction
6
F4 F4 F3 6
4 F3 = 6 x 2
21
F3 = 3
 24 t

6 12 12 6
6 6

12 t
9 18 9
9 18 9

24 t 18

22
 24 t
24 18
6 12 12 6
6 6
3
12 t
6
9 18 9
9 18 9
3

4 4
3
18 a 6 Fx = 0
2 F1 3 M@ = 0
12 12x2 = (3+F1)x4

0 Fy = 0 23
 24 t

3
18 3 6
6 12 12
6
6

3 12 t
12 9
9
18
18
9
9

3 Fy = 0 24
 3 3
24 1818 6 6

3 3 6
6 12
3 3
0

24 t

6 12 6
3 0 3

25
 24 t
24 t
6 12 12 6
6 6

6 12 6 12 t

3 0 3 9
9
18
18
9
9

3
6

2
12 t a 9
Fx = 0
7.5 2
9 M@ = 0
10.5 F =0
4y 26
 24 t
24 t
6 12 12 6
6 6
6 12 6
12 t
3 0 3 9 18 9
9 18 9
0
6 3 12
12 9
7.5
9 7.5
a Fx = 0
9 3
10.5
7.5
M@ = 0
18

F = 0
0 27
 24 t
24 t
6 12 12 6
6 6
6 12 6
12 t
3 0 3 9 18 9
9 18 9

12 0
6 3
7.5
12 9 9 3 3
6
9 7.5 7.5
18
9 7.5
10.5 0
3

9
Fy = 0
10.5 28
 3 3
24 1818 6 6

3 3 6
6 12
3 3
0
12 0 3
6 3 6
7.5
7.5
12 9 9 3 3

9 7.5 7.5 9
18
10.5
10.5 0

29
 3 3
24 1818 6 6

3 3 6
6 12
3 3
0
12 0 3
6 3 6
7.5
7.5
12 9 9 3 3

9 7.5 7.5 9
18
10.5
10.5 0

9 10.5 18 0 9 10.5

30
 24 3 3
1818 6 6
3 3
6 6
3 0 12 3
12 0 3
3 7.5
7.5
6 6
12 9 9 3 3
9
7.5 7.5 9
10.5
10.5 0 18
10.5 0 10.5
9 18 9

-
- 6

3-
3+ 18

10.5
- -
9 3
+ 10.5 -
NFD 31
 24 3 3
1818 6 6
3 3
6 6
3 0 12 3
12 0 3
3 7.5
7.5
6 6
12 9 9 3 3
9
7.5 7.5 9
10.5
10.5 0 18
10.5 0 10.5
9 18 9

- -
3 3
6 + 12 + +6

- -
7.5 7.5
9 + + + 9
18

SFD 32
 24 3 3
1818 6 6
3 3
4 6 6
3 0 12 3
12 0 3
3 7.5
7.5
4 6 6
12 9 9 3 3
9
7.5 7.5 9
10.5
8 8 10.5 0 18
10.5 0 10.5
9 18 9
12
12
12 - 24 - 12
12
+ 12
+ -

30 30
- 18 - 36 -+
18
12 -+ 24
+ 12 -
30 30

18 + 36 + 18
+ BMD 33
Example 2 :
Draw B.M, S.F & N.F.Ds for the shown fram
24 t

4
16 t

4
8t

4 4 8
34
24 t

4
16 t

4
8t

4 4 8

35
24 t

F1 F1

Fx = 0
2 F1 = 24
F1 = 12

36
24 t

16 t

F2 2F2 F2

Fx = 0
4 F2 = 40
F2 = 10

37
24 t

16 t

8t

F3 2F3 2F3 F3
Fx = 0
6 F3 = 48
F3 = 8
38
24 t

12 12
12 12

16 t

10 20 10
10 20 10

8t

8 16 16 8
8 16 16 8

39
 24 12 12
12 12
16
10 20 10
10 20 10
8
8 16 16 8
16 8
2 8 16

24 t F2 Fx = 0
24-12- F2 = 0
F3 F2 = 12 t
2
12 Mreaction = Maction
a
12
F3 F3 F3 12
2 F3 = 12 x 2
40
F3 = 12
 24 12 12
12 12
16
10 20 10
10 20 10
8
8 16 16 8
16 8
8 16

24 t 12

12

12

12
41
24 12 24 12 12

12 12 12
16
12 10 20 10
10 20 10
12 8
8 16 16 8
16 8
8 16

12

12

12

12 Fy = 0
42
24 t 24 12 12
12 12
12 12 16
10 20 10
10 20 10
12 12 8
8 16 16 8
16 8
12 8 16
12

16 t a 18
Fx = 0
22 2
10 M@ = 0
34 Fy = 0
2 43
24 t
24 12 12
12 12 12 12
12 12
16
10 20 10
10 20 10
12
12 12
8
8 16 16 8
12 8 16 16 8
16 18

22 22
10
a Fx = 0
18 10
34

10
M@ = 0
20

F = 0
24 44
 12
12 24 12 12
12 12
16
18 22
10 20 10
10 10 20 10
8
10 8 16 16 8
16 8
8
20 16

10
24
10

10

10 Fy = 0
45
 24 12 12 12 24 12 12
12 12
12 16
10 20 10
12 12 10 20 10
8
12 8 16 16 8
12 16 8
8 16
12
12 12
12

16 22 10
1818 10 10

22 10
10
20 10
34 24 10

46
 12
12 24 12 12
12 12
16 18 16
10 20 10
10 20 10
22 8
10 8 16 16 8
8
34 8 16 16
34 10

8t a 10
Fx = 0
18 2
8 M@ = 0
52 Fy = 0
2 47
 12 12
24 12 12
18 22 10 12 12
16
10 10 20 10
20 10 20 10
10 34 8
24 8 16 16 8
24
8 10 20 8 16 16 8

18
8
18
52
a Fx = 0
10 14

18
M@ = 0
16

F = 0
24 48
 10
10
24 12 12
12 12
10
20 24 16
10 20 10
10 20
10 8
10
10 18 14 10 8 16 16 8
10 8 16 16 8
18
16 2 4
24 18
a Fx = 0
14 8

4
M@ = 0
16

24 F =0 49
 24 12 12
12 12
16
10 10
10 20 10
10 20 10
8
8 16 16 8
14 18 8 8 16 8
16
4 4
16
24 8

4 Fy = 0
50
 12 24
24 1212 12 12
12 12
12 16
12 12 10 20 10
10 20 10
12 12
8
8 16 16 8
12 12 12 12 8 16 16 8

22 10
16 18 18 1010

22 20 10
10 10
24 10
34
10 34 10 4
20 24 10
8
10 10 18 14 14 18 8
8
8 8
18 16 18 4
16 4
24
52 51
24
 12
24 1212

12
12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12
22 10
16 18 18 1010

22 20 10
10 10
24
10 34 34 10 10
20 24 10
4
10 10 18 14 14 18 8 8
8 8
18 16 18 4
16 8
24
52 24 4
8 52 16 24 16 24 8 4

52
 12
24 1212

12
12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12
22 10
16 18 18 1010

22 20 10
10 10
24
10 34 34 10 10
20 24 10
4
10 10 18 14 14 18 8 8
8 8
18 16 18 4
16 8
24
52 24 4
8 52 16 24 16 24 8 4

53
Summary F

M
M M

M
M
Criteria 1
When frame is subjected to lateral loads
can put intermediate hinge in the mid of each membe
54
Summary

F/4 F/2 F/4

Criteria 2

When frame is subjected to lateral loads

interior column carries the double of the exterior colu

55
Summary

56
Summary

57
Questions
58
‫‪Lecture No. : 7‬‬ ‫المحاضرة السابعة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
What is Tall Buildings :

Sydney Chicago
stories, 435 m height 110 2
Causes of Lateral Loads :

 Wind

 Earthquake

3
Approximate Methods of
Analysis
of Tall Buildings under Lateral
Loads : Frame Method
 Portal
 Cantilever Method

4
Portal Frame
Method

5
Portal Frame
Method

F1 2F1 F1

F2 2F2 F2 6
Portal Frame
Method

7
Disadvantages of Portal Frame
Method
Do not take the variation
in column section into
consideration
A 2A

Do not take the distance

between columns into
consideration

8
Cantilever
Method

9
F1 F2 F3

A1 A2 A3

3
1 2
10
Solution
Steps :

A1 A2 CG+ A3

Ax
= xCG
A
11
Solution
Steps :

F1 F2 F3

A1 A2 CG+ A3
3
1 2
F1 F2 F3
1 = 2 = 3 =
A A2 A3 12
Example 1 :
raw B.M, S.F & N.F.Ds for the shown fram

27.2 t

0.5A 3.5A 2A 4
13.6 t

0.5A 3.5A 2A 4

8 8
13
27.2 t

4
13.6 t

8 8

14
 0.5A 3.5A 2A
O
8 8

Ax
= xCG
A
0.5A x 0 + 3.5A x 8 + 2A x 1660 A
= xCG =
0.5A+3.5A+2A 6A
= 10 m

15
 CG+
F1 F2 F3

0.5A 3.5A 2A
3
1 2
F1 F2 F3
1 = 2 = 3 =
0.5A 3.5A 2A
16
 CG+
F1 F2 F3

8 2 6
F3
F1 2A
F2
0.5A
3.5A

17
 CG+

F1 F2 F3
8 2 6
F3
F1 2A
F2
0.5A
3.5A
F2
3.5A 2 F2 2 F1
= =
3.5A 10 0.5A
F2 = 1.4 F1
F1 10 18
0.5A
 CG+

F1 F2 F3
8 2 6
F3
F1 2A
F2
0.5A
3.5A
F3
2A 6 F3 6 F1
F3 = 2.4 F1
= =
F1 10 2A 10 0.5A
19
0.5A
 CG+
F1 F1 1.4 F1 2.4
8 2 6

Mreaction = Maction About CG

10xF1+ 2x1.4 F1+ 6x2.4F1
= Mreaction
= 27.2 F1

20
27.2 t

4
13.6 t

8 8

21
 27.2 t

13.6t

27.2 t
2
+CG
F1 F1 1.4 F1 2.4

Mreaction = Maction
27.2 F1 =
27.2 x 2
F1 = 2 t 22
 27.2 t

13.6t

27.2 t

2 2.8
4.8

23
27.2 t 27.2 t

4
13.6
13.6 t
2
+CG
F1 F1 1.4 F1 2.4

Mreaction = Maction
27.2 F127.2
= x 6 + 13.6 x 2
F1 = 7 t
24
27.2 t

13.6

7 9.8 16.8

25
27.2 t

2 2.8 4.8
2 2.8 4.8

13.6 t

7 9.8
16.8
7 9.8 16.8

26
 27.2
2 2.8 4.8
13.6

7 9.8 16.8
4

27.2 t F2
Fy = 0
a F3 = 2 t
F3
2 M@ = 0
F1 4 F3 = 2 F1
F1 = 4
2
Fx = 0
F2 = 23.2 t27
 27.2
2 2.8 4.8
13.6

7 9.8 16.8

27.2 t 23.2

28
 27.2 23.2 27.2
2 2.8 4.8
2
13.6
4
2 7 9.8 16.8
4 4
2
23.2 a 9.6 F
x =0
4.8
2 Fy = 0
13.6
M@ = 0
2.8 ? x 2 = (2+4.8)x4
29
 2 27.2
23.4 9.6 2 2.8 4.8
13.6
4.8
13.6
7 9.8 16.8
2.8

4.8

9.6

9.6
Fx = 0
4.8 30
 4.8
2
27.2 23.2 23.2 9.6 9.6

2 4.8
4
13.6
9.6
2
2.8 4.8

27.2 t

4 13.6 9.6
2 2.8 4.8

31
27.2 t
27.2
2 2.8 4.8
4 13.6 9.6
13.6
2 2.8 4.8
7 9.8 16.8
2
4

Fx = 0 2
13.6 a 11.6

5 2
6
Fy = 0
M@ = 0
7
4 32
27.2 t
27.2
2 2.8 4.8
4 13.6 9.6
13.6
2 2.8 4.8
2 2.8 7 9.8 16.8
4
13.6
13.6 11.6

5
6
5
a Fx = 0
11.6 4.8
7
12

20.4 Fy = 0
9.8 M@ = 0 33
27.2 t 27.2
2 2.8 4.8
4 13.6 9.613.6
2 2.8 4.8
7 9.8 16.8
4 2
13.62.8

13.6 11.611.6 5 4.8 4.8

9.6
5 12
6 20.4
9 12
7 9.8 4.8

14.4
Fx = 0
16.8 34
 4.8
2
27.2 23.2 23.2 9.6 9.6

2 4.8
4
13.6
9.6
2
2.8 4.8
2 2.8 4.8
4 13.6 9.6
12
13.6 11.611.6 5 4.8 4.8

5 12 14.4
6 20.4
16.8
7 9.8

35
 4.8
2
27.2 23.2 23.2 9.6 9.6

2 4.8
4
13.6
9.6
2
2.8 4.8
2 2.8 4.8
4 13.6 9.6
12
13.6 11.611.6 5 4.8 4.8

5 12 14.4
6 20.4
16.8
7 9.8

6 7 20.4 9.8 14.4 16.8

36
 27.2 23.2 2 9.6 4.8

4 2 13.6 4.8 9.6

2
4 2 13.6 2.8 9.6 4.8
11.6 5 12
13.6 4.8
14.4
6 5 20.4 12
6 7 9.8 16.8
14.4
20.4

-
- 9.6
4.8 -
2+ 23.4
2.8
+

- -
11.6 4.8
7
+ + 16.8 -
9.8

NFD 37
 27.2 23.2 2 9.6 4.8

4 2 13.6 4.8 9.6

2
4 2 13.6 2.8 9.6 4.8
11.6 5 12
13.6 4.8
14.4
6 5 20.4 12
6 7 9.8 16.8
14.4
20.4

- -
2 4.8
4 + 13.6 + +9.6

- -
5 12
6 + + + 14.4
20.4
SFD 38
 27.2 23.2 2 9.6 4.8
4 2 13.6 4.8
4 9.6
2
4 2 13.6 2.8 9.6 4.8
4 11.6 5 12
13.6 4.8
14.4
6 5 20.4 12
8 8
6 7 9.8 16.8
14.4
8 20.4
19.2
8 - 27.2 - 19.2
8
+ + -
19.2

20 48
- 12 - 40.8 -+
28.8
8 -+ 27.2
+ 19.2 -
20 48

12 + 40.8 + 28.8 + BMD 39

Summary
Solution
Steps :

A1 A2 CG+ A3

Ax
= xCG
A
40
Summary
Solution
Steps :

F1 F2 F3

A1 A2 CG+ A3
3
1 2
F1 F2 F3
1 = 2 = 3 = 41
A A A
Questions
42
‫‪Lecture No. : 8‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الثامنة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Classification of Plates
Shape

Rectangular Circular Triangular

2
Analysis of Rectangular Plates
Strip method

3
Circular Plates

4
Classification of Plates
Types
Solid Plate

Hollow Plate

5
Classification of Plates
Symmetry
Un-symmetry

Axis-symmetry

6
Axis-symmetry
Circular Plates

7
Classification of Plates
Supports
Simple support

8
Classification of Plates
Supports
Fixed support

9
Classification of Plates
Number of Spans

Simple

Continuous

10
Classification of Plates
Analysis point of view
Thin plates with small deflections

Thin plates with large deflections

Thick plates

11
Loads
Concentrated Load Pt

Pt

Pt/m Pt/m

Line Load

12
Loads
Line Load
pt/m pt/m

ro ro

PTotal = (2ro) p

13
Loads
Uniform Load
pt/m
2

r1 r1

PTotal = r1)2 p

14
Loads
Uniform Load
pt/m 2 pt/m 2

r1 r1
r2 r2

PTotal = {r2)2-(r1)2)]} p

15
Reinforcement

Tangential
M
Radial
Mr

16
As in double integration method
or beam deflection

A B C D E F
x x x x x
P
Q
Integration M Differentiation

y 17
In Plates

pt/m pt/m
2
pt/m pt/m
2

e e
d c b a b c d
r

Q
M
Integration Differentiation

y
w
18
Analysis Rules

 1   Q
  r    
r  r  r  D
E t3
D

12 1   2  Plate bending rigidity

     
r  D       D    
 r r r r 

19
Solution Steps
For each interval :
Q = f (r)
 1   Q
  r    
 r  r r  D
Double Integration C1 , C 2
Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
Obtain  as a function in r
 
Calculate ,
r r
     
r  D       D    
 r r r r  20
 Q = f (r) :Example 1
P
One Interval : 0 < r < ro
P
r
ro

Q t/m P

Qt = P t
r Q
2rQ=P Q
P
Q=
2r 21
 Q = f (r) :Example 2 pt/m pt/m

r1 r1
r2 r2

Two Intervals
Interval (1) : 0 < r < r1
Interval (2) : r1 < r < r 2
22
Q = f (r) :Example 2 pt/m pt/m

Interval (1) :
0 < r < r1 r1 r1
r2 r2

r Q
pt/m pt/m
Q

Q t = Pt r
2rQ=0 r1 r1
Q=0 r2 r2
23
 p p
Interval (2) :
r1 < r < r 2
Q t = Pt r
r1 r1
2  r Q = 2  r1 p r2 r2
P r1
Q= r
p p

r
Q r1 r1 Q

24
 Q = f (r) Example 3:
One Interval : 0 < r < r1 pt/m
2

Q t = Pt
2  r Q =  r2 P r
r1 r1
Pr
Q= 2

pt/m
2

r
Q Q
25
Q = f (r) Example 4:
Two Intervals p
Interval (1) :
0 < r < r1 r
r1 r1
r2 r2

Qt = Pt pt/m2

2  r Q =  r2 P
Pr
r
Q Q
Q= 2
26
 p
Interval (2) :
r1 < r < r 2
r
r1 r1
r2 r2

Q t = Pt pt/m 2

2  r Q =  r12 P
P r12 r
Q r1 Q
Q= 2r

27
Q = f (r) Example 5: p p
Three Intervals
r1 r1
Interval (1) : r2
r2
0 < r < r1 r3 r3

Q t = Pt
2rQ=0 r
Q=0 Q Q

28
Interval (2) : p p
r1 < r < r 2
r1 r1
r2 r2
r3 r3

Q t = Pt p p

2  r Q =  (r2 – r12) p
r
p (r2 – r12) Q r1 Q
Q= 2r
29
 Interval (3) : p p
r2 < r < r 3

r1 r1
r2 r2
r3 r3

p p
Qt = P t
2  r Q =  (r22 – r12) p
r
Q r1 Q
p (r – r )
2
2
1
2

Q= r2
2r
30
 Q = f (r) :Example 6 pt/m pt/m
Two Intervals
Interval (1) :
0 < r < r1 r1 r1
r2 r2

r pt/m pt/m
Q Q

Q t = Pt r
2rQ=0 r1 r1
r2 r2
Q=0
31
 pt/m pt/m
Interval (2) :
r1 < r < r 2
r
r1 r1
r2 r2

Q t = Pt pt/m pt/m
2  r Q = 2  r2 p
P r2 Q Q
Q =- r r r
r2 r2
32
 Q = f (r) :Example 7
Motm/m Mo
One Interval :
r1 < r < r2

r1 r1
r2 r2

Mo Mo
Q t = Pt
2rQ=0 Q Q
Q=0 r r
r2 r2
33
Solution Steps
For each interval :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
   r    
r  r  r  D
Double Integration

34
Integration
rn+1
∫rn dr =
n+1
1
∫ dr = ln r
r
2 2
r r 1
∫ r ln r dr = ln r - ∫ 2 r
dr
2
2
r r
= ln r - ∫ 2
dr
2
2 2
r r
∫ r ln r dr = ln r -
2 4
35
Solution Steps
For each interval :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
   r    
r  r  r  D
 Double Integration C1 , C2
Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition

36
Boundary conditions

Axis-symmetry

at r = 0 =0
37
 Boundary conditions

=0, w=0

38
Boundary conditions

Mr = 0

39
 Boundary conditions
Motm/m Mo

Mo Mo

Mr = - Mo

40
M M
Solution Steps
For each interval :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
   r   
r  r  r  D
 Double Integration C1 , C2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
 
Calculate ,
r r
41
  
Calculate ,
r r
Differentiation
 n -
r = nrn 1
r
 1 1-
= 2
r r r
 1
ln r =
r r

r ln r = ln r + 1
r
ln 1 = 0 ln 0 = - ln  = 
42
Solution Steps
For each interval :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
  r   
r  r r 
 D
 Double Integration C1 , C2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
 
 Calculate ,
r r
     
r  D       D    
 r r r r  43
Solution Steps
For each interval :
If deflection is required
w = - ∫  dr

44
Example 1 :
Draw Bending moment diagrams
and calculate the deflection for
the shown plate. = 0.25
P = 2 t/m2

ro= 4m ro= 4m

45
Solution :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
 r  r r  r     D
 
 Double Integration C1 , C 2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
  
Calculate ,
r r
     
 r  D       D    
 r r r r 
 If deflection is required w = - ∫  dr 46
 Q = f (r) pt/m 2

One Interval :
0 < r < ro r
ro ro

Q t = Pt
2  r Q =  r2 P pt/m
2

Pr
Q= 2
r
Q Q

47
 
r  r r 
1  (r) _ Q
= D
Pr
Q= 2


r  r r 
1  (r) _ 1
= D  
Pr
2
Integrate both sides
1  (r) _ 1
r r
= D  P r2
4
C1 +
Multiply both sides by r
 (r) _ 1
r
= D  P r3
4

+ C1 r
Integrate both sides
r = _ 1
D  P r4 C1 r2
16
+
2
C2 +  48
 r = _ 1
D  P r4 C1 r2
16
+
2
C2 + 
Delay dividing both sides by r
Boundary condition :
 at r = 0 =0
C2 = 0 ro ro

Now divide both sides by r

=_ 1
D  P r3 C 1 r
16
+
2

49
 = _ 1
D  P r3 C 1 r
16
+
2

Boundary condition :
 at r = ro =0 ro ro

= _ 1
P
D 16
r 3
o +
C1 ro
2

P r3 C1 ro C1 ro _ P r3
o + 0= = o
16 2 2 16
_ P r 2
C1 = o
8
50
= _ 1
D  P r3 C1 r
16
+
2
 C1 = _ P
8
r 2
o

= _ 1
D  P r3 _ Pr2 r
16
o
16

= _ P
16 D
 r3 _ r2 r
o 
= P 
r2 r _ r3
16 D o

51
= P
16 D o
r2
r _ r3

 
Calculate ,
r r

=
P
r 16 D  r2 _ r2
o 
 = P
 r 16 D o
r2 _ 3r2 
52

=
P
r 16 D  r2 _ r2
o   = P
 r 16 D

r2 _ 3r2
o 
  
r  D    
 r r

Mr = D
 
P
16 D

r2 _ 3r2  +
o
P
16 D
 r2 _ r2
o 
Mr = 
P r2 (1+ ) _ r2 (3+)
16 o 
53

=
P
r 16 D  r2 _ r2
o   = P
 r 16 D

r2 _ 3r2
o 
  
  D    
r r 

M = D
 
P
16 D
r2 _ r2
o  +
P
16 D
 r2 _ 3r2
o 
M = 
P r2 (1+ ) _ r2 (1+3 )
16 o 
54
 = P r
16 D o
2
r_ r 3

To calculate deflection w = - ∫  dr

w=-  P

r2 r _ r3 dr
16 D o

w=-
P
16 D  r2 r _ r3 dr
o 
w=-
P
16 D  ro2 r2 _ r4
2 4
C3 + 
55
 w=-
P
16 D  ro2 r2 _ r4
2 4
C3 + 
Boundary condition :
 at r = ro w=0 ro ro

0=-
P
16 D  ro4 _ ro4
2 4
C3 + 
_ ro4
C3 =
4

w=-
P
16 D  ro2 r2 _ r4 _ ro4
2 4 4
 56
 P = 2 t/m2

= P 
r2 r _ r3
16 D o
 ro= 4m ro= 4m

Mr = 
P r2 (1+ ) _ r2 (3+)
16 o 
M = 
P r2 (1+ ) _ r2 (1+3 )
16 o 
w=-
P
16 D  ro2 r2 _ r4 _ ro4
2 4 4

57
 P = 2 t/m2

= 2
16 D

42 r _ r3  ro= 4m ro= 4m

Mr = 
2 42 (1+ ) _ r2 (3+)
16 
M = 
2 42 (1+ ) _ r2 (1+3 )
16 
w=-
2
16 D  42 r 2 _ r 4 _ 44
2 4 4

58
 P = 2 t/m2

= 1
8D
 16 r _ r3  ro= 4m ro= 4m

Mr = 
1 16 (1+ ) _ r2 (3+)
8 
M =
1
8
16 
(1+ ) _ r2 (1+3 )

w=-
1
8D  8 r2 _
r
4
4
_ 64

59
= 1 (16 r - r3) = 0.25
8D
1 (20 - 3.25 r2)
Mr =
8
1 (20 - 1.75 r2)
M =
8
w=
1 (64 + 0.25 r4 - 8 r2)
8D

60
 1 1 (64 + 0.25 r4 - 8 r2)
= (16 r - r )
3
w=
8D 8D
1 (20 - 3.25 r2) M = 1 (20 - 1.75 r2)
Mr = 
8
8

r m
0 1 2 3 4
 xD rad 0 1.875 3 2.625 0
Mr tm 2.5 2.0938 0.875 1.156- 4-
M tm 2.5 2.2813 1.625 0.5313 1-
w xD m 8 7.0313 4.5 1.5313 0
61
 r m 0 1 2 3 4
Mr tm 2.5 2.0938 0.875 1.156- 4-
4 4

- -
Mr
+ +
2.5
1 1
- -
M
+ +
2.5 62
Summary
Solution Steps
For each interval :
Q = f (r)
 1   Q
  r    
r  r r  D
Double Integration C1 , C 2
Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
Obtain  as a function in r
 
Calculate ,
r r
     
r  D       D    
 r r r r  63
Summary
Solution Steps
For each interval :
If deflection is required
w = - ∫  dr

64
Summary
P
One Interval : 0 < r < ro
P
r
ro

Q t/m P

Q t = Pt
r Q
2rQ=P Q
P
Q= 65
2r
Summary
Integration
r n+1
∫rn dr =
n+1
1
∫ dr = ln r
r 2 2
r r
∫ r ln r dr = ln r -
2 4

66
Summary
Boundary conditions
=0, w=0

at r = 0 =0
Mr = 0

Mr = - Mo
Mo Mo67
Summary
Differentiation
 n -
r = nrn 1
r
 1 1-
= 2
r r r
 1
ln r =
r r

r ln r = ln r + 1
r
ln 1 = 0 ln 0 = - ln  = 

68
Questions
69
‫‪Lecture No. : 9‬‬ ‫المحاضرة التاسعة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Solution Steps
For each interval :
Q = f (r)
 1   Q
  r    
r  r r  D
Double Integration C1 , C 2
Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
Obtain  as a function in r
 
Calculate ,
r r
     
r  D       D    
 r r r r 
If deflection is required w = - ∫  dr 2
 Q = f (r)
P
One Interval : 0 < r < ro
P
r
ro

Q t/m P

Q t = Pt
r Q
2rQ=P Q
P
Q= 3
2r
Integration
r n+1
∫rn dr =
n+1
1
∫ dr = ln r
r 2 2
r r
∫ r ln r dr = ln r -
2 4

4
Boundary conditions
=0, w=0

at r = 0 =0
Mr = 0

Mr = - Mo
Mo Mo 5
Differentiation
 n -
r = nrn 1
r
 1 1-
= 2
r r r
 1
ln r =
r r

r ln r = ln r + 1
r
ln 1 = 0 ln 0 = - ln  = 

6
Example 2 :
Draw Bending moment diagrams
and calculate the deflection for
the shown plate. = 0
29 tm/m 29 tm/m

3 2 2 3

7
Solution :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
 r  r r  r     D
 
 Double Integration C1 , C 2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
  
Calculate ,
r r
     
 r  D       D    
 r r r r 
 If deflection is required w = - ∫  dr
8
 Q = f (r) Mo Mo
One Interval :
r1 < r < r 2 r
r1 r1
r2 r2

Qt = Pt Mo Mo
2rQ=0
Q=0 Q Q
r r
r2 r2
9
 
r  r r 
1  (r) _ Q
= D
Q=0


r  r r 
1  (r) _ 1
= D  
0

Integrate both sides

1  (r) _ 1 C
r  r
= D 1  
Multiply both sides by r
 (r) _ 1 C r
r
= D 1  
Integrate both sides
r = _ 1
D  C1 r2
2
C2 +  10
 r = _ 1
D  C1 r2
2
C2 + 
Divide both sides by r

= _ 1
D  C1 r C2
2
+ r 
Boundary condition :
Mo Mo
 at r = r1 =0

 
r1 r1
_ 1 C1 r1 C2 r2
= + r r2
D 2 1

C1 r1 C2 C2 C1 r1 C1 r12
+ r = =- C2= -
2 1
r1 2 2 11
 = _ 1
D  C1 r C2
2
+ r  C2= -
C1 r12
2

= _ 1
D 2

C1 r _ C1 r12
2r 
= _ C1
2D
r _
r12
r 
Delay the other boundary condition
  Mo Mo
Calculate ,
r r

r
= 2D 
 _ C1 1 _ r12
r2  r 2D
  = _ C1 1 + r12
r2 
12
 r
= 2D 
 _ C1 1 _ r12
r2    = _ C1 1 + r12
r 2D r2  
     
r  D       D    
r 
= 0
 r r r

_ C1
Mr = 2  1+
r12
r2  M = _ C1
2  1 _ r12
r2 
Boundary condition : M Mo
o
 at r = r2Mr = - Mo

 
r1 r1
_ C1 1+
r12 r2 r2
- Mo = 2 r22
13
 _ C1
- Mo = 2  1+
r12
r22  2 Mo = C 1  r22 + r12
r22 
C1 = 2 Mo  r22
r22 + r12 
= _ C1
2D 
r _ r12
r 
= _ Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12  r _ r12
r 
14
 _ C1
Mr = 2  1+
r12
r2  M = _ C1
2  1 _ r12
r2 
C1 = 2 Mo  r22
r22 + r12 
Mr =
_ M
o  r22
r22 + r12  1+
r12
r2 
_
M = Mo  r22
r22 + r12  1 _ r12
r2 
15
 = _ Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12  r _ r12
r 
To calculate deflection w = - ∫  dr

w=-  
_ Mo
 
r22
D r22 + r12
r _ r12
r  dr

w=
Mo
 
r22
D r22 + r12
r _ r12
r  dr

w=
Mo
 
r22
D r22 + r12
r2 _
2
r12 ln r C3 + 
16
 w=
Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12  r2 _
2
r12 ln r C3 + 
Boundary condition : Mo Mo
 at r = r1 w=0
r1 r1
r2 r2

 r12 _
2

r12 ln r1 C3 + = 0

_ r12
C3 = r12 ln r1
2
17
 w=
Mo

r22
D r22 + r12  r2 _
2
r12 ln r C3 + 
_ r12
C3 = r12 ln r1
2

w=
Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12  r2 _
2
r12 ln r + r12 ln r1 _ r12
2

w=
Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12  r2 _ r12 _
2
r12 ln
r
r1 
18
 = _ Mo
r22
D r22 + r12
r _

r12
r 
Mr =
_ M
o 
r22
r22 + r12
1+  r12
r2 
_
M = Mo 
r22
r22 + r12
1 _
 r
r2
2
1

w=
Mo
 r22
D r22 + r12 
r2 _ r12 _
2
r12 ln
r
r1 
29 tm/m 29 tm/m
Mo= 29
r1 = 2
r2 = 5 3 2 2 3 19
= _ 29

52
D 52 + 2 2
r _ 2
r
2
 Mo= 29
r1 = 2
Mr =
_ 29 5 2


52 + 2 2
1 + 
2 2

r2  r2 = 5

_
M = 29
52
52 + 2 2
 1 _

2
r2
2

w=
29

52
D 52 + 2 2 
r2 _ 2 2 _ 2 r
2
2 ln
2 

20
= _ 25
D
r_ 4
r  w=
25
D  r2 _ 4 _
2
4 ln
r
2 
Mr =
_ 25 1 + 
4
r2  _ _ 4
M = 25 1 r 2 
r m
2 3 4 5
 xD rad 0 41.67 75 105
Mr tm 50 - 36.11- 31.25- 29-
M tm 0 13.89- 18.75- 21-
w xD m 0 21.954 80.685 170.87
21
22
Example 3 :
Draw Bending moment diagrams
and calculate the deflection for
the shown plate. = 0
16  t

4 4

23
Solution :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
 r  r r  r     D
 
 Double Integration C1 , C 2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
  
Calculate ,
r r
     
 r  D       D    
 r r r r 
 If deflection is required w = - ∫  dr
24
 Q = f (r) P
One Interval :
0 < r < ro
r
ro ro

Q t = Pt P
2rQ=P
P r
Q= Q Q
2r

25
26
 
r  r r 
1  (r) _ Q
= D Q=
P
2r


r  
1  (r) _ 1
r r
= D  P
2r = 
_P
2 D
 
1
r
Integrate both sides
1  (r)
r r
=
_P
2 D  ln r C1 + 
Multiply both sides by r
 (r)
r
=
_P
2 D
Integrate both sides
 r ln r + C1 r 
r =
_P
2 D 2
r
2

 r
2
ln r - +
4
C
2
1 r 2
C2 +  27
 r =
_P
2 D 2 
r
2
r
ln r - +
4
2
C
2
1 r 2
C2 + 
Delay dividing both sides by r
Boundary condition :
 at r = 0 =0
ro ro
C2 = 0

Now divide both sides by r

=
_P
2 D  r
2
r
ln r - +
4
C1 r
2

28
 =
_P
2 D 2  r r
ln r - +
4
C
2
1

r

=
_P
4 D r ln r -
r
2
+ C1 r 
Delay the other boundary condition
 
Calculate ,
r r

r
=
_P
4 D  1
ln r - + C1
2


 = _P
r 4  D ln r + 1 -
1
2
+ C1

 = _P
r 4  D  1
ln r + + C1
2
 29
  _P
=
r 4 D  1
ln r - + C1
2  
 = _P
r 4 D 1
ln r + + C1
2

     
r  D       D    
r 
= 0
 r r r

Mr =
-P
4  1
ln r + + C1
2
 M =
-P
4  1
ln r - + C1
2

Boundary condition :
 at r = roMr = 0
ro ro

0=
-P
4  1
ln ro + + C1
2

30
0=
-P
4  1
ln ro + + C1
2  1
ln ro+ + C1 = 0
2
1
C1 = - ln ro -
2
=
_P
4 D 
r ln r -
r
2
+ C1 r 
=
_P
4 D 
r ln r -
r
2
- r ln ro - r
2

=
_P
4 D  r ln r
ro
- r 
31
Mr =
-P
4 1
ln r + + C1
2
 M =
-P
4  1
ln r - + C1
2

1
C1 = - ln ro -
2

Mr =
-P
4
ln 
r
ro

M =
-P
4
ln 
r
ro +1

32
 =
_P
4 D  r ln r
ro
- r 
To calculate deflection w = - ∫  dr


w=- 4
D
_P
 r ln r
ro 
- r dr

w=
P
4 D  r ln r - r ln ro - r dr 
w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln r _ r
4
2
_ r
2
2
ln r o
_ r
2
2
C3 + 
33
 w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln r _ r
4
2
_ r
2
2
ln r o
_ r
2
2
C3 + 
w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln
r _ 3r2
ro 4
C3 + 
Boundary condition :
 at r = ro w=0 ro ro

r2 r 3r2
o ln o _ o C += 0
2 r o 4 3

_ 3ro C + = 0
2 3r2
C3= o
4 3 4 34
w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln
r _ 3r2
ro 4
C3 + 
3r2
C3= o
4

w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln
r _ 3r2 3r2
ro 4
+
4
o 
w=
P
4 D  r2
2
ln
r _ 3 2 2
ro 4
(r - r )
o


35
 =
_P
4 D r ln r
ro 
- r

Mr =
-P
4  
ln
r
ro M  =
-P
4 
ln
r
ro + 1 
w=
P
4 D 2 r2
ln
r _ 3 2 2
ro 4

(r - r )
o

16  t
P =16  t
ro = 4
4 4
36
  
_ 16  r
= r ln - r
4 D 4

=
16 
4 D 
r ln 4
r 
+r  =
4
D
r 
ln 4
r
+r 
Mr =
_ 16 
4
ln  
4
r
Mr = 4 ln 4
r

M =
_ 16 
4
ln r
ro + 1 M = 4 
ln 4
r
-1
w=
16  r2
4 D 2  ln
4
r _ 3 2 2
4

(r - 4 )

w=
D
1
 2 _ 2r2
3 (16-r ) ln 4
r  37
=
4
D 
r ln 4 + r
r  w=
D
3
1

(16-r 2 _ 2r2 ln 4
)
r 
Mr = 4 ln
4
r
M = 4 ln
4
r 
-1 
r m
0 0.1 1 2 3 4
 xD rad ∞ 1.876 9.545 13.545 15.452 16
Mr tm ∞ 14.756 5.545 2.773 1.151 0

M tm ∞ 10.756 1.545 - 1.227 - 2.849 -4

w xD m ∞ 47.896 42.227 30.455 15.822 0

38
39
40
Example 4 :
Draw Bending moment diagrams
and calculate the deflection for
the shown plate.
= 0
pt/m pt/m

2 3 3 2

41
Solution :
 Q = f (r)
 1   Q
 r  r r  r     D
 
 Double Integration C1 , C 2
 Obtain C1 , C2 from boundary condition
 Obtain  as a function in r
  
Calculate ,
r r
     
 r  D       D    
 r r r r 
 If deflection is required w = - ∫  dr
42
 Q = f (r) pt/m pt/m

r1 r1
r2 r2

Two Intervals
Interval (1) : 0 < r < r1
Interval (2) : r1 < r < r 2
43
Q = f (r) pt/m pt/m

Interval (1) :
0 < r < r1 r1 r1
r2 r2

r Q
pt/m pt/m
Q

Q t = Pt r
2rQ=0 r1 r1
Q=0 r2 r2
44
 p p
Interval (2) :
r1 < r < r 2
Q t = Pt r
r1 r1
2  r Q = 2  r1 p r2 r2
P r1
Q= r
p p

r
Q r1 r1 Q

45
Interval (1) : Q=0


 1  (r) _ Q
r r r
= D 

r  r r 
1  (r) _ 1
= D  
0

 
Integrate both sides
1  (r) _ 1 C
= D 1
r r
Multiply both sides by r
 (r) _ 1 C r
r
= D 1  
Integrate both sides
r = _ 1
D  C1 r2
2
C2 +  46
 r = _ 1
D  C1 r2
2
C2 + 
Delay dividing both sides by r
Boundary condition :
 at r = 0 =0
r2 r2
C2 = 0

Now divide both sides by r

 = _ 1
D  
C1 r
2
47
  = _ 1
D  
C1 r
2
 
Calculate
r
  = _ 1 C1
r D  
2
  
r  D    
 r r
_ C1
Mr1 = 2

48
Interval (2) :
 
P r1
 1  (r) _ Q Q= r
= D
r r r

 
 1  (r) _ 1
r r r
= D  P r1
r =
- P r1
D
 
1
r
Integrate both sides
1  (r)
r r
=
- P r1
D  ln r C3 + 
Multiply both sides by r
 (r)
r
=
- P r1
D
Integrate both sides
 r ln r + C3 r 
r =
- P r1 r2
D 2 r
2
ln r - +
4
C
2
3 r 2
C4 +  49
 r =
- P r1
D
r
2  2
r
ln r - +
4
C3 r2
2
2
C4 + 
Boundary condition :
 at r = r2 =0
r2 r2

 2
r2
2
2
r2
ln r - +
2 4
C
2
3 r 2
2C +
4
0=  Eqn. (1)
Now divide both sides by r

 =
- P r1
D
 r
2
r
ln r - +
4
C3 r C4
2
+
r  50
  =
- P r1 r
D 2
r

ln r - +
4
C
2
3 r
+
C4
r 
 
Calculate
r

 r D 2 
  = - P r1 1 ln r + 1 - 1 + C3 - C4
2 4 2 r2 
  
r  D    
 r r

Mr2 = - P r1  1
2
1 1
ln r + - +
2 4
C3 C4
2
- 2
r 
51
Boundary condition : pt/m pt/m

 at r = r1 

 
r1 r1
_ 1 C1 r
 = r2 r2
D 2
 =
D

- P r1 r
2
r
ln r - +
4
C
2
3 r
+
C4
r 
D  
_ 1 C 1 r 1 - P r 1 r1
2
=
D
 2
r1
ln r1- +
4
C3 r1 C4
2
+
r1 
C1
2 
=P
r
2
1 r
ln r1 - +
4
1
C
2
3 r 1
+
C 4
r1 Eqn. (2)
52
 Boundary condition : pt/m pt/m
 at r = r1 Mr1 = Mr2

r1 r1
_ C1 r2 r2
Mr1 = 2
Mr2 = - P r1 1
2 1 1
ln r + - +
2 4
C3 C4
2
- 2
r 
_ C1 = - P r 1
2 1 2
1 1
ln r1+ - +
2 4
C3 C4
-
2 r12

C1
2
= P r1 1
2
ln r 1 +
1
4
+
C3 C4
2
-
r12 Eqn. (3)
53
 r2
2
2
r2
ln r - +
2 4
2
C3 r2
2
2C +
4 
0= Eqn. (1)

C1
2
=P
r
2
1
 r
ln r1 - +
4
1
C3
2
r 1
+
C 4
r1  Eqn. (2)

C1
2
= P r1
1
2
ln r 
1 +
1
4
+
C3 C4
2
-
r12  Eqn. (3)

From Eqn. (2) & Eqn. (3)

r
 r
P 1 ln r1 - 1 +
2 4
C
2
3 r 1
+
C 4
r1=

P r1 1
2 
ln r1 + +
1
4
C3 C4
2
-
r12  54
 P  r
2
1 r
ln r1 - +
4
1
C
2
3 r 1
+
C 4
r1 =

P r1 1
2
ln r1 + +
1
4
C3 C4
2
- 
r21
r1 r1 C3 r1 C4
ln r1 - + + =
2 4 2 r1
r1 r1 C 3 r1 C 4
ln r1 + + -
2 4 2 r1
C4 r1 r12
2 =2 C4 =
r1 4 4

55
 r12
C4 = Sub into Eqn. (1)
4

 2
2
r2 2
r2
ln r - +
2 4
C
2
3 r 2
2C +
4
0= Eqn. (1)
2 2
r2 r2 C3 r2 r12
ln r - + 2+ 0=
2 2 4 2 4
1 r12
C3 = - ln r2 -
2 2r22

56
Add Eqn. (1) to Eqn. (2)
C1
2
=P
r
2
1
 r
ln r1 - 1 +
4
C
2
3 r 1
+
C4
r1  Eqn. (2)
C1
2
= P r1 1
2
ln r1 +
1
4
+
C3 C4
2
- 
r12
Eqn. (3)


C1 = P r1 ln r1 + C3 r1  C3 =
1
2
- ln r2 -
r12
2r22

r
 r1
r
C1 = P 1 ln r1 + - 1 ln r2 -
2
r13
2r22

r
C1 = P 1 lnr1
r2
+
r1
-
r13
2 2r22

57
58
59
60
Questions
61
‫‪Lecture No. : 10‬‬ ‫المحاضرة العاشرة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Spherical Shells

2
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes

3
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Conical Shells

4
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Cylindrical Shells

5
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Hyperbolic paraboloid shell

6
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Shells of revolution

7
 Introduction to Shells
Drawings

8
 Introduction to Shells
Drawings

9
 Introduction to Shells
Types
Closed

Opened

10
 Introduction to Shells
Symmetry

Un-symmetry

11
 Introduction to Shells
Symmetry

Axis-symmetry Axi-symmetry

12
 Introduction to Shells
Supports

13
 Introduction to Shells
Loads
Concentrated load

14
 Introduction to Shells
Loads
Line load

15
 Introduction to Shells
Loads
Uniform load (Dead Load)

16
 Introduction to Shells
Loads
Uniform load (Live Load)

17
 Live Load

Dead Load

18
Structural Analysis
of
Shells

19
Loads
Pr

P

20
Pr

P
r1

21
 Pr
A

r2
O1
P r1

O
Sign of loads
22
Internal forces
N
N

N

N

23
Coordinate systems

Cartesian
coordinate
Spherical
system
coordinate
system

Cylindrical
coordinate
system

24
 N N
Pr
r2
N
P
r1
N

N N
+ = - pr
r1 r2

25
 Pr
r2

P 
r1


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2

26


 cosd= sin

 sind= - cos



cos sind= - cos  =
2

 

27
 Boundary conditions
Closed
N = 0 N
N
N N






1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2 28

Opened N
N

N = 0 

G G
N N
-G 
N =
sin 
29
 W
W = 2r N sin 
W = 2r2sin) N sin 
W = 2r2 N sin2  r

 r2
 N
N

N sin  N sin 
-W
N =
2r2 sin2  30
Examples
31
Example 1 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown closed semi-
spherical shell with radius (a) due to
uniform dead load g t/m2

a a

32

Pr = g cos g sin g cos
 
P = g sin
At first, calculate N g a


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2

g=
Pr cos + P sin=


1
N = -  
g sin d
a sin 
2

33
 
1
N = - 
g sin d
a sin2

a sin  
ga 2
N = -
2
sin d

ga
N = - ( -cos + c)
sin 
2

B.C. 
  c =1

ga
N = - ( 1 - cos)
sin2
34
 ga
N = - ( 1 - cos)
sin2
g a ( 1 - cos)
N = -
(1- cos2 )

g a ( 1 - cos)
N = -
(1- cos) 1+ cos
-ga
N =
(1+ cos )

35
Second, calculate N

N N
+ = - pr 
r1 r2

N N
+ = - pr
a a
N  + N = - p r a

N = - p r a - N

36
N = - p r a - N
-ga
Pr = g cos N =
(1+ cos )

ga
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )

37
 -ga
N =
(1+ cos )
ga
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )

at
=0 cos = 1
-ga ga -ga
N = N = - g a + =
2 2 2
 = 90 cos = 0
N = - g a N = g a
38
at -ga -ga
=0 N = N =
2 2
 = 90 N = - g a N = g a

ga ga
2 2
_
_

+
ga ga
N N

39
Location of zero N ga
2
ga _
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )
ga
0 = - g a cos + +
(1+ cos )
ga ga
g a cos =
(1+ cos ) N
1
cos = cos 2
 + cos - 1 =0
(1+ cos )
x2 + x - 1 =0 cos = x
x = 0.618
 = 51.83 40
Numerical example :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown closed semi-
spherical shell with radius 10m due to
dead load where the expected shell
thickness is 8 cm
Solution :
a = 10
ts = 8 cm o.w. = 0.08 x 2.5 = 0.2 t/m2
cover = 0.1 t/m2
g = 0.3 t/m2
41
 a = 10 g = 0.3 t/m2
at -ga -ga
=0 N = = - 1.5 N = = - 1.5
2 2
 = 90 N = - g a = - 3 N = g a = 3

1.5 1.5
_
_

+
3 3
N N
42
Example 2 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown closed semi-
spherical shell with radius (a) due to
uniform live load p t/m2

a a
43
 p
p cos 

p cos sin p cos2

 
Pr = p cos2
P = p cos sin p cos 


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2
cos + P sin= cos 
Pr cos + P sin= p cos ()
Pr cos + P sin= p cos
44
 Pr cos + P sin= p cos


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2



1
N = -  
p cos sin d
a sin 
2

a sin  
pa 2
N = -
2
cos sin d

pa 1
N = - ( - cos 2
 + c)
sin 
2 2
45
 pa 1
N = - ( - cos 2
 + c)
sin2 2


1
B.C.   c=
2
pa 1 1
N = - ( - cos 2
 + )
sin2 2 2
pa
N = - ( 1 – cos 2
)
2 sin 
2

pa
N = - ( sin2)
2 sin2
-pa
N =
2
46
 W
p
W = ro2 p
ro= a sin  ro
W = a2 sin2 p a 

-W
N =
2r2 sin2 
- a2 sin2 p
N =
2a sin2
-pa
N =
2 47
N N 
+ = - pr
r1 r2
N N
+ = - pr
a a
N  + N = - p r a
Pr = p cos2
N = - p r a - N -pa
N =
2
pa
N = - p a cos2 +
2
48
 -pa
N =
2
pa
N = - p a cos2 +
2
at -pa
=0 cos = 1 N =
2
N = p a
 = 90 cos = 0
2

49
at -pa -pa
 = 0 N = N =
2 2
-pa pa
 = 90 N = N =
2 2
pa pa
2 2
_
_

+ pa
2
N N

50
umerical example :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown closed semi-
spherical shell with radius 10m due to
uniform live load 100 kg /m2
Solution :
a = 10
p = 0.1 t/m2

51
 a = 10 p = 0.1 t/m2
at -pa -pa
 = 0 N = = - 0.5 N = = - 0.5
2 2
-pa p a
 = 90 N = = - 0.5 N = = 0.5
2 2

0.5 0.5
_
_

+ 0.5

N N
52
Example 3 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown spherical shell
due to uniform dead load 0.3 t/m2

4 4

53
As in example 1
-ga
N =
(1+ cos )
ga
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )

4 2
a
4 4
a-2
a

a2 = (a-2)2+42 a2 = a2-4a+4+16 4a= 20

a= 5
54
 2

o 3
5
4 4

a= 5 sin o = 0.8 o = 53o

55
 -ga
N =
(1+ cos )
ga
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )
at
=0 cos = 1
-ga ga -ga
N = N = - g a + =
2 2 2
 = 53 cos = 0.6
-ga
N = N = - 0.625 g a
1 + 0.6
ga N = 0.025 g a
N = - 0.6 g a +
(1+ 0.6 ) 56
 -ga -ga
 = 0 N = N =
2 2
 = 53 N = - 0.625 g a N = 0.025 g a

ga ga
2 2
_ _
0.025ga 0.625ga
N N

57
Ring Beam

N N
N
N N sino
o
N coso

o

58
59
N sino

N coso

60
61
N sino

62
63
N coso

64
65
 w r

T T
T=wr

66
In other cases

C C
C=wr 67
 T=wr N
N N sino
w = N cos o o
N coso
r=4m
T = 4 N cos o o
T = 4x0.625ga x0.6
T = 4x0.625gx5x0.6= 7.5 g
Design as Tie
_

0.625ga
N 68
Example 4 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown opened semi-
spherical shell with radius 5 m due to
uniform dead load 0.3 t/m2 and line load (G) 3
t/m
G G

5 5 69
As in example 1
ga
N = - ( -cos + c)
sin2

B.C. G G
N N
at  = o
-G 
N =
sin 

70
sin o = 0.8 G 4 G
cos o = 0.6
o 3

-G
N = 5 5
sin 
ga
N = - ( -cos + c)
sin2
-G ga
=- ( -cos + c)
sin  sin 
2 o
o
71
 -G ga
=- ( -cos + c)
sin  sin 
2 o
o

G
sin  = -cos + c
ga o

G
sin  + cos = c
ga o

sin o = 0.8 cos o = 0.6

g = 0.3 G=3 a=5

3
x 0.8 + 0.6 = c c = 2.2
x 5 0.3 72
 ga
N = - ( -cos + c) c = 2.2
sin 
2

ga
N = - (2.2 - cos)
sin2
N N
+ = - pr 
r1 r2
N N
+ = - pr
a a
N + N  = - p r a

N = - pr a - N 
73
N = - pr a - N 
ga
N = - (2.2 - cos)
sin2
As in example 1

Pr = g cos
ga
N = - g a cos + (2.2 - cos)
sin 
2

74
 ga
N = - (2.2 - cos)
sin 
2
ga
N = - g a cos + (2.2 - cos)
sin 
2

at
 = 53 cos = 0.6 sin = 0.8
ga
N = - (2.2 – 0.6) g a 2.5 - =
0.82 ga
N = - g a x0.6 + (2.2 – 0.6) = 1.9 g a
0.82
 = 90 cos = 0 sin = 1
ga
N = - (2.2 – 0) g a 2.2- =
12 ga
N = - g a x0 + (2.2 – 0) = 2.2 g a
12 75
  = 53 N g a 2.5- = N = 1.9 g a
 = 90 N g a 2.2- = N = 2.2 g a

1.9ga 2.5ga
_ _
2.2ga 2.2ga
N N

76
Upper ring beam

N coso G G

N o N


o

N sino

77
2.5ga

_ w=N coso
2.2ga
N

C C

C = w r = 2.5 ga x 0.6 x 4 = 6 ga
78
Spherical
Tank
79
Example 5 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown spherical tank with
radius (a) due to own weight g



80
Upper part
g sin g cos
0 <  < 180 - o  

As in example 1
Pr = g cos g

P = g sin

-ga
N =
(1+ cos )
ga
N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos )
81
Lower part

0 <  < o
As in example 1 
Pr = - g cos
P = - g sin g cos
 g sin
g

82
 Pr = - g cos P = - g sin


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2

-=
Pr cos + P sin= g


1
N =  
g sin d
a sin 
2

ga
N = ( -cos + c)
sin2

83
 ga
N = ( -cos + c)
sin 
2

B.C. 
ga
  c =1

N = (1 - cos)
sin 
2

g a ( 1 - cos)
N =
(1- cos2 )
g a ( 1 - cos)
N =
(1- cos) 1+ cos
ga
N =
(1+ cos ) 84
 ga
N =
(1+ cos )

N + N = - p r a

N = - pr a - N Pr = - g cos
ga
N = g a cos -
(1+ cos )

85
 -ga ga
N = N = - g a cos +
(1+ cos ) (1+ cos )

ga
N =
(1+ cos )
ga
N = g a cos -
(1+ cos ) 86
Example 6 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown spherical tank with
radius (a) when full filled with liquid



87
 Upper part h
h
0 <  < 180 - o a
 a cos
h = a - a cos a
h = a (1 - cos )

Pr = -  a ( 1 - cos)
P = 0


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2
Pr cos + P sin= -  a (1 – cos) cos
88
 Pr cos + P sin= -  a (1 – cos) cos


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2



1
N = -  
 a (1 – cos) cos sin d
a sin 
2


 a3
N = (cos sin – cos  sin) d
2
a sin2
 a2 1 1
N = (- cos  +
2
cos3 + c)
sin2 2 3
89
  a2 1 1
N = (- cos  + cos3 + c)
2

sin2 2 3

B.C.

1

1


1
(- cos 0 +
2
cos 0 + c) = 0
3 c=
2 3 6
 a2 1 1 1
N = (- cos  + cos  + 6 )
2 3

sin2 2 3
 a2
N = ( - 3 cos2 + 2 cos3 + 1)
6 sin2
 a2
N = (2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2 90
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 1)
6 sin2
N N 
+ = - pr
r1 r2
N N N  + N = - p r a
+ = - pr
a a
N = - pr a - N  Pr = -  a ( 1 - cos)

N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2
91
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 1)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2
at  = 0
0 a2(-6 cos 2
 sin + 6 cos sin)
N =
0 12 sincos
 a2 (-6 cos + 6)
N = 0
12
N = 0 92
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 1)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2
 a2
at  = 90 N =
6
5 a2
N =
6

93
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 1)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2
at  = 180 - o
 a2
N = (- 2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 + cos) -
 a2
(- 2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1)
6 sin2 94
5 a2 +  a2
6
6

+ -
N=0
N N N
N
N
N sino N

N coso

95
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 1)
6 sin2
Angle of zero N
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1) = 0
By trail & error method
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 1) = U
 U
1 90
100 0.89
110 0.57
120 0
96
 Lower part
180 - o <  < 180

h = a - a cos
h
h = a (1 - cos )

Pr = -  a ( 1 - cos) a
P = 0

h


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2
Pr cos + P sin= -  a (1 – cos) cos 97
 Pr cos + P sin= -  a (1 – cos) cos


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2



1
N = -  
 a (1 – cos) cos sin d
a sin 
2


 a3
N = (cos sin – cos  sin) d
2
a sin2
 a2 1 1
N = (- cos  +
2
cos3 + c)
sin2 2 3
98
  a2 1 1
N = (- cos  + cos3 + c)
2

sin2 2 3

B.C.

1
 = 180
1


5
(- cos 180 +
2
cos 180 + c) = 0 c =
3
2 3 6
 a2 1 1 5
N = (- cos  + cos  + 6 )
2 3

sin2 2 3
 a2
N = ( - 3 cos2 + 2 cos3 + 5)
6 sin2
 a2
N = (2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2 99
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 5)
6 sin2
N N 
+ = - pr
r1 r2
N N N  + N = - p r a
+ = - pr
a a
N = - pr a - N  Pr = -  a ( 1 - cos)

N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2
100
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 5)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2
at  = 180
0 a2(- 6 cos 2
 sin + 6 cos sin)
N =
0 12 sincos
 a2 (- 6 cos + 6) N  =  a2
12
N =  a2
101
  a2
N = (2 cos 3
 - 3 cos 2
 + 5)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 - cos) -
 a2
(2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2
at  = 180 - o
 a2
N = (- 2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2
N =  a2 ( 1 + cos) -
 a2
(- 2 cos3 - 3 cos2 + 5)
6 sin2 102
 N  N
+
+
a 2  a2
N N

N N sino N

N coso
103
Example 7 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown spherical tank with
radius (a) when half filled with liquid



104
Upper part (1)
0 <  < 90

Pr = 0
P = 0


N = 0
N = 0

105
 Upper part (2)
o <  < 90
h = a cos
a h
Pr = -  a cos  a cos

P = 0 h


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2
Pr cos + P sin= -  a cos cos= -  a cos2
106
 Pr cos + P sin= -  a cos2


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2



1
N = -  
 a cos 2
 sin d
a sin 
2


 a3
N = cos  sin d
2
a sin2
 a2 1
N = (- cos3 + c)
sin2 3
107
  a2
N = (- 1 cos3 + c)
sin2 3

B.C.  N= 0 As open shell c=0

 a2 - cos3
N =
3 sin2
N + N = - p r a
N = - p r a - N  Pr = -  a cos

 a 2
cos3

N =  a cos +
2
3 sin2
108
  a2 - cos3
N =
3 sin2
 a 2
cos3

N =  a cos +
2
3 sin2
at  = 90 N = 0 N = 0
at  = o  a2- cos3
N =
3 sin2
 a 2
cos 3

N =  a cos+
2
3 sin2

109
 
+ -

N N N
N

N N sino N

N coso

110
 Lower part
0 <  < o

h = a cos
Pr = -  a cos a  h a cos
P = 0 

h


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2
Pr cos + P sin= -  a cos cos= -  a cos2
111
 Pr cos + P sin= -  a cos2


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2



1
N = -  
 a cos2
 sin d
a sin 
2


 a3
N = cos  sin d
2
a sin2
 a2 13
= N )cos  + c -(
sin2 3
112
  a2 1 3 + c
= N )cos -(
sin2 3


1
B.C. =0  c=
3
 a2 (1 - cos3)
N =
3 sin2
N + N = - p r a
N = - p r a - N  Pr = -  a cos

 a2 (1- cos3)
N =  a2
cos -
3 sin2
113
  a2 (1 - cos3)
N =
3 sin2
 a 2
(1- cos3
)
N =  a cos -
2
3 sin2
0  a2 (3 cos2 sin )
at  = 0 N =
0 6 sincos
 a2  a2
N = N =
2 2
at  = o
 a2 (1 - cos3)
N =
3 sin2o
 a 2
(1- cos 3
)
N =  a cos -
2
3 sin2 114
 N  N
+
+
a 2  a2
N N

N N sino N

N coso
115
Other simplification for the lower part
 a2 (1 - cos3)
N =
3 sin2
 a2 (1 - cos3)
N =
3 (1 - cos2)
 a2 (1 - cos)(1+cos+cos2)
N =
3 (1 - cos) (1 + cos)
 a2 (1+cos+cos2)
N =
3 (1 + cos)
 a2 (1+cos(1+cos))
N =
3 (1 + cos) 116
  a2 (1+cos(1+cos))
N =
3 (1 + cos)
 a2 1
N = (cos+)
3 1 + cos

 a 2
(1- cos 3
)
N =  a cos -
2
3 sin2
 a 2 1
N =  a cos - (cos+)
2
3 1 + cos
 a2 1
N = (2cos-)
3 1 + cos
117
Summary
118
 N N
Pr
r2
N
P
r1
N
At first, calculate N


1 r2 (Pr cos + P sin) sin d
N = -
r2 sin2

-W
N =
2r2 sin2  119


 cosd= sin

 sind= - cos



cos sind= - cos  =
2

 

120
Boundary conditions
Closed
N = 0 N
N
N N





121

Opened N
N

N = 0 

G G
N N
-G 
N =
sin 
122
Second, calculate N

N N
+ = - pr
r1 r2

123
Ring Beam

N N
N
N N sino
o
N coso

o

124
125
 w r

T T
T=wr

126
In other cases

C C
C=wr 127
Questions
128
‫‪Lecture No. : 11‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الحادية عشر‬ ‫‪1‬‬
Conical
shells
2
 Introduction to Shells
Shapes
Conical Shells

3
Shapes

4
In spherical shells

Pf
Pr
f f

5
In Conical shells
f = 90 - a
r = S cos f = S sin a a
S
r1 = ∞
f
r2 = S / tan f Pr Pf
r
r1 df = ds r2 Ps
f


1 r1 r2 (Pr cosf + Pf sinf) sinf df
Nf = -
r2 sin2f 6
 
1 r1 r2 (Pr cosf + Pf sinf) sinf df
Nf = -
r2 sin2f

r1 = ∞ r2 = S / tan f r1 df = ds


tan f S (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) sinf ds
Ns = -
S sin2f tan f


1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf

7
Nf Nq In spherical shells
+ = - pr
r1 r2
Ns Nq
+ = - pr In Conical shells
r1 r2
r1 = ∞ r2 = S / tan f
Nq Nq = - pr r2
= - pr
r2

Nq =
- p r S
tan f

8
Another rule : W
W = 2pr Nf sin f
W = 2p(r2sinf) Nf sin f
W = 2pr2 Nf sin2 f r
f
f r2
f Nf
Nf

Nf sin f Nf sin f
-W
Nf =
2pr2 sin2 f 9
r = S cos f a
S
W = 2pr Nf sin f W
f
W = 2pr Ns sin f
r
Ns r2 f
Ns sin f
W = 2pS cosf Ns sin f

-W
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf 10
Example 8 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown conical shell due to
own weight g

8 8

11
Pr = g cosf
a
Ps = g sinf S

g cosf
g sinf
f
f
g

g =cos2f +
Pr cosf + Ps sinf g g 2f =
sin

12
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


1 g S ds
Ns = -
S sinf

S sinf 
g
Ns = - S ds

g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

13
 g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
B.C. S=0 Ns = 0 c =0

gS
Ns = -
2 sinf

Nq =
- p r S
Pr = g cosf
tan f

Nq =
- g cosf S
tan f
14
 gS
Ns = - a 6
2 sinf f

- g cosf S 8 8
Nq =
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
gS
Ns = - Ns = - 0.833 g S
1.2

Nq =
- g x 0.8 x S Nq = - 1.067 g S
3/4
15
 Ns = - 0.833 g S S=0
a 6
S=10
Nq = - 1.067 g S
8 8

at

S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0

S=10 Ns = - 8.33 g Nq = - 10.67 g

16
 Ns = - 0.833 g S
Nq = - 1.067 g S
at
S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = - 8.33 g Nq = - 10.67 g

_ _
10.67 g 8.33 g

Nq Ns 17
Example 9 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown conical shell due to
own weight g

4 4 4 4

18
Pr = g cosf
a
Ps = g sinf S

g cosf
g sinf
f
f
g

g =cos2f +
Pr cosf + Ps sinf g g 2f =
sin

19
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


1 g S ds
Ns = -
S sinf

S sinf 
g
Ns = - S ds

g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

20
 g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

S 3
3

4 4 4 4

B.C. S=5 Ns = 0 c =-12.5

21
 g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
c =-12.5

g (S2-25)
Ns = -
2 S sinf

Nq =
- p r S
Pr = g cosf
tan f

Nq =
- g cosf S
tan f
22
 g (S2-25)
Ns = - a
2 S sinf f 6
8 8
Nq =
- g cosf S
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
g (S2-25)
Ns = -
1.2 S

Nq =
- g x 0.8 x S Nq = - 1.067 g S
3/4
23
 g (S2-25)
Ns = - 3
1.2 S S=5
3
S=10
Nq = - 1.067 g S 4 4 4 4

at

S=5 Ns = 0 Nq = - 5.33 g

S=10 Ns = - 6.25 g Nq = - 10.67 g

24
 g (S2-25)
Ns = - Nq = - 1.067 g S
1.2 S
at S=5 Ns = 0 Nq = - 5.33 g

S=10 Ns = - 6.25 g Nq = - 10.67 g

5.33 g

_ _
10.67 g 6.25 g

Nq Ns 25
Example 10 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown conical shell due to
own weight g

4 4 4 4

26
Pr = g cosf
a
Ps = g sinf S

g cosf
g sinf
f
f
g

g =cos2f +
Pr cosf + Ps sinf g g 2f =
sin

27
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


1 g S ds
Ns = -
S sinf

S sinf 
g
Ns = - S ds

g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

28
 g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

S 3
3

4 4 4 4

B.C. S=10 Ns = 0 c =-50

29
 g
Ns = - ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
c = -50

g (S2-100)
Ns = -
2 S sinf

Nq =
- p r S
Pr = g cosf
tan f

Nq =
- g cosf S
tan f
30
 g (S2-100)
Ns = - a
2 S sinf f 6
8 8
Nq =
- g cosf S
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
g (100-S2)
Ns =
1.2 S

Nq =
- g x 0.8 x S Nq = - 1.067 g S
3/4
31
 g (100-S2)
Ns = 3
1.2 S S=5
3
S=10
Nq = - 1.067 g S 4 4 4 4

at

S=5 Ns = 12.5 g Nq = - 5.33 g

S=10 Ns = 0 Nq = - 10.67 g

32
 g (100-S2)
Ns =
1.2 S
Nq = - 1.067 g S
at S=5 Ns = 12.5 g Nq = - 5.33 g
S=10 Ns = 0 Nq = - 10.67 g

5.33 g 12.5 g
+
_
10.67 g
Nq Ns 33
Example 11 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown inverted conical
shell due to own weight g

4 4 4 4

34
Pr = - g cosf f
Ps = - g sinf
g sinf
g cosf
f

g a
S

Pr cosf + Ps-sinfg= cos2f - g - g 2f

sin

35
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


1 - g S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


g
Ns = S ds
S sinf
g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

36
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

3
3

4 4 4 4

B.C. S=10 Ns = 0 c =-50

37
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
c =-50

g (S2-100)
Ns =
2 S sinf

Nq =
- p r S
Pr = - g cosf
tan f

Nq =
g cosf S
tan f
38
 g (S2-100)
Ns = f
2 S sinf a 6
8 8
Nq =
g cosf S
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
g (S2 - 100)
Ns =
1.2 S

Nq =
g x 0.8 x S Nq = 1.067 g S
3/4
39
 g (S2 - 100) S=10
Ns = 3
1.2 S S=5 3
Nq = 1.067 g S 4 4 4 4

at
S=5 Ns = -12.5 g Nq = 5.33 g

S=10 Ns = 0 Nq = 10.67 g

40
 g (S2 - 100)
Ns =
1.2 S
Nq = 1.067 g S
at S=5 Ns = -12.5 g Nq = 5.33 g
S=10 Ns = 0 Nq = 10.67 g

10.67 g

_
+
5.33 g 12.5 g
Nq Ns 41
Example 12 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown inverted conical
shell due to own weight g

2 t/m 2 t/m

4 4 4 4

42
Pr = - g cosf f
Ps = - g sinf
g sinf
g cosf
f

g a
S

Pr cosf + Ps-sinfg= cos2f - g - g 2f

sin

43
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


1 - g S ds
Ns = -
S sinf


g
Ns = S ds
S sinf
g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2

44
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
2 t/m
f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4
B.C. S=10 Ns sinf = -2
-2 g
= ( 102 + c)
0.6 10 x 0.6 2
-20 -20 - 50
g = 50 + c c= g
45
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
-20
c = g - 50

g (S2-100) - 40
Ns =
2 S sinf

Nq =
- p r S
Pr = - g cosf
tan f

Nq =
g cosf S
tan f 46
 g (S2-100) - 40
Ns = f
2 S sinf a 6
8 8
Nq =
g cosf S
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
g (S2 - 100) - 40
Ns =
1.2 S

Nq =
g x 0.8 x S Nq = 1.067 g S
3/4
47
 g (S2 - 100) - 40 S=10 3
Ns =
1.2 S S=5 3

Nq = 1.067 g S 4 4 4 4

at
S=5 Ns = -12.5 g - 6.67 Nq = 5.33 g

S=10 Ns = -3.33 Nq = 10.67 g

48
 g (S2 - 100) - 40
Ns =
1.2 S
Nq = 1.067 g S
at S=5 Ns = -12.5 g - 6.67 Nq = 5.33 g
S=10 Ns = -3.33 Nq = 10.67 g

10.67 g 3.33
_
+
5.33 g 12.5 g+6.67
Nq Ns 49
Upper ring beam
2 t/m
f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4
2 t/m
Ns cos f
f

Ns sin f Ns=3.33 50
 2 t/m
Ns cos f r
w
f T T
T=wr
Ns sin f Ns=3.33 T = 3.33 cos f x 8
T T = 21.333
As =
fs f 3
As =
21.33
2 a 3
As = 10.67 cm2 4 4 4 4
51
Lower ring beam
2 t/m
f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4

f
Ns sin f
Ns
at S=5
Ns cos f Ns = -12.5 g - 6.67
52
Ns sin f

53
 f Ns cos f w
Ns
Ns cos f
r
Ns = -12.5 g - 6.67

C C
C=wr
C= (-12.5 g - 6.67) cosf x 4
C= - 40 g – 21.33 f 3
Design as column
a 3
4 4 4 4
54
Example 13 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown conical shell due to
live load p

8 8

55
 p
Pr = p cos2f
a
Ps = p cosf sinf S

p cos f r
p cosf sinf
f p cos2f
f
p cos f

-W W = p r2 p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf r = S sin a = S cos f
56
 -W W = p r2 p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf r = S sin a = S cos f
W = p (S cos f)2 p
W = p S2 cos2f p
- p S2 cos2f p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf
-Sp
Ns =
2 tanf

57
Nq =
- p r S Pr = p cos2f
tan f

Nq =
- p cos2f S
tan f

58
 -Sp
Ns = a
2 tanf f 6

Nq =
- p cos2f S 8 8
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
Sp
Ns = - Ns = - 0.667 S p
6/4
- p x 0.82 x S
Nq = Nq = - 0.853 S p
3/4
59
 Ns = - 0.667 S p S=0
Nq = - 0.853 S p a 6
S=10

8 8

at

S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0

S=10 Ns = - 6.67 p Nq = - 8.53 p

60
 Ns = - 0.667 S p
Nq = - 0.853 S p
at S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = - 6.67 p Nq = - 8.53 p

_ _
8.53g 6.67 g

Nq Ns 61
Example 14 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown inverted conical
shell due to live load p

8 8

62
 f

r
p cosf sinf
f
p cos2f
p cos f a
Pr = - p cos2f S
Ps = - p cosf sinf
W W = p r2 p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf r = S sin a = S cos f
63
 W W = p r2 p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf r = S sin a = S cos f
W = p (S cos f)2 p
W = p S2 cos2f p
p S2 cos2f p
Ns =
2pS sinf cosf
Sp
Ns =
2 tanf

64
Nq =
- p r S Pr = - p cos2f
tan f

Nq =
p cos2f S
tan f

65
 Sp
Ns = f
2 tanf a 6

Nq =
p cos2f S 8 8
tan f
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
Sp
Ns = Ns = 0.667 S p
6/4
p x 0.82 x S
Nq = Nq = 0.853 S p
3/4
66
 Ns = 0.667 S p S=10
6
Nq = 0.853 S p S=0
8 8

at

S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = 6.67 p Nq = 8.53 p

67
 Ns = 0.667 S p
Nq = 0.853 S p
at S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = 6.67 p Nq = 8.53 p

8.53 g 6.67 g
+ +

Nq Ns 68
Example 15 :
Calculate and draw the internal forces
diagrams for the shown conical tank when it
filled with liquid

8 8

69
 h
h = 6 - S sinf

f 6
gh S sinf

S a

8 8

Pr = - g ( 6 - S sinf)
Ps = 0
70
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf
Pr = - g ( 6 - S sinf) Ps = 0


1 g (6 – S sinf) cosf S ds
Ns =
S sinf
g
Ns =
S tanf (6 – S sinf) S ds

g
Ns =
S tanf 
(6S – S2 sinf) ds

g
Ns = (3S2 – 1 S3 sinf+c)
S tanf 3 71
 g 1
Ns = (3S – S3 sinf+c)
2
S tanf 3

B.C. S=0 Ns = 0 c =0
g
Ns = (3S2 – 1 S3 sinf)
S tanf 3
g 1
Ns = (3S – S2 sinf)
tanf 3
- pr S
Nq = Pr = - g ( 6 - S sinf)
tan f
g ( 6 - S sinf) S
Nq =
tan f 72
 g
Ns = (3S – 1 S2 sinf)
tanf 3
f
g ( 6 - S sinf) S a 6
Nq =
tan f 8 8
cos f = sin a = 0.8
sin f = cos a = 0.6 tan f = 3/4
g 1 S2 x 0.6)
Ns = (3S –
3/4 3
= g (4 S – 0.267 S2)
g ( 6 - S x 0.6) S
Nq = = g (8 S – 0.8 S2)
3/4 73
 S=10
f
a 6
Ns= g (4 S – 0.267 S2) S=0
8 8
Nq= g (8 S – 0.8 S2)

at
S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = 13.3 g Nq = 0

74
Ns= g (4 S – 0.267 S2)

To get the maximum Ns

d Ns
=0
dS
d Ns
= g (4 – 2x0.267 S) = 0
dS
4 –0.533 S = 0
S = 7.5
Ns= g (4x7.5 – 0.267x7.52)
Ns= 15 g at S = 7.5 75
Nq= g (8 S – 0.8 S2)

To get the maximum Nq

d Nq
=0
dS
d Nq
= g (8 – 2x0.8 S) = 0
dS
8 –1.6 S = 0
S=5
Nq= g (8x5 – 0.8x52)
Nq= 20 g at S = 5 76
 Ns= g (4 S – 0.267 S2)
Nq= g (8 S – 0.8 S2)
at S=0 Ns = 0 Nq = 0
S=10 Ns = 13.3 g Nq = 0
Ns= 15 g at S = 7.5
Nq= 20 g at S = 5
13.3 g
+ +
15 g
20 g

Nq Ns 77
Cylindrical
shells
78
Due to own weight (g)
G G S

Ns= - g S
Nq= 0
Ns= -G - g S
Nq= 0 79
Due to liquid pressure
Pr = - g h = g S h
S
Ps = 0
Ns= 0 gh
Nq= g S r

r r
r
T w T
80
T=wr
Tanks
81
Example 16 : ts = 8 cm

Calculate and
draw the internal
forces diagrams
for the shown tank 10
due to its own
weight where the
expected 3
thickness of all
parts is 20 cm
except the cover is
8 cm
4 4
82
First part : (cover) spherical shell

a = 8m
ts = 8 cm
o.w. = 0.08 x 2.5 = 0.2 t/m2 a=8
cover = 0.1 t/m2
g = 0.3 t/m2

The support of this part is the cylinder

83
As in example 1 g = 0.3 t/m2
a=8
at -ga -ga
f=0 Nf = = - 1.2 Nq = = - 1.2
2 2
f = 90 Nf = - g a = - 2.4 Nq = g a = 2.4
1.2 1.2
_
_

+
2.4 2.4
Nq Nf
The tangential normal force (Nf) at support
is reflected on the cylinder as G1 84
Second part : Cylinder shell
G1 G1
G1 = 2.4
ts = 20 cm
o.w. = 0.2 x 2.5 = 0.5 t/m2 S
cover = 0.1 t/m2
g = 0.6 t/m2

Ns= – G1 - g S = -2.4 – 0.6 S

Nq= 0

The support of this part is the cone

85
Ns= – G1 - g S = -2.4 – 0.6 S
Nq= 0
at
S=0 Ns=-2.4 Nq= 0
S=10 Ns=-8.4 Nq= 0
2.4

Nq 8.4
Ns 86
 G1 G1

The ring load (G1) is parallel to the cylinder,

then no ring beam required

The tangential normal force (Ns) at support

is reflected on the cone as G2
87
Third part : Conical shell

8.4 t/m 8.4 t/m

f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4

The support of this part is the supporting beam

88
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
8.4 t/m
f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4
B.C. S=10 Ns sinf = -8.4
- 8.4 0.6
= ( 102 + c)
0.6 10 x 0.6 2
-140 = 50 + c c = -190
89
 g
Ns = ( S2 + c)
S sinf 2
c = - 190
0.6
Ns = ( S2 - 190)
S x 0.6 2
S2 - 380
Ns =
2S
Nq =
- p r S
Pr = - g cosf
tan f
g cosf S 0.6 x 0.8 S
Nq =
tan f
= = 0.64 S
3/4
90
 S2 - 380 Nq = 0.64 S
Ns =
2S
at
S=5 Ns=-35.5 Nq= 3.2
S=10 Ns=-14 Nq= 6.4

6.4 14

+ _
3.2 35.5
Ns
Nq

91
 8.4 t/m
14
f 3
_ Ns
a 3
35.5 4 4 4 4
Ns

The ring load (G2) is not parallel to the cone,

then ring beam is required at the top of cone
8.4 t/m
f
Ns
Ns cosf = 14x0.8
11.2 92
r = 8m w = 11.2

w r

T T
T=wr

93
 8.4 t/m
14
f 3
_ Ns
a 3
35.5 4 4 4 4
Ns
The tangential normal force (Ns) at support
is reflected on the ring beam at the bottom
of cone
Ns
Ns cosf = 35.5x0.8 f
28.4
94
r = 4m w = 28.4

C C
C=wr
95
Fourth part : Lower spherical shell

In famous cases,
the center of circle
is the point of
cone vertex

96
 -ga
Nf =
(1+ cosf )
ga
Nq = - g a cosf +
(1+ cosf )
-ga -ga
f = 0 Nf = Nq =
2 2
f = 53 Nf = - 0.625 g a Nq = 0.025 g a

ga ga
2 2
_ _
0.025ga 0.625ga

Nq Nf 97
 -ga -ga
f = 0 Nf = Nq =
2 2
f = 53 Nf = - 0.625 g a Nq = 0.025 g a
g=0.6 a=5
f=0 Nf = - 1.5 Nq = -1.5
f = 53 Nf = - 1.875 Nq = 0.075

1.5 1.5
_ _

0.075 1.875
Nq Nf
98
 1.5
_

1.875
Nf

The tangential normal force (Nf) at support

is reflected on the ring beam at the bottom
of shell
Nf
Nf cosf = 1.875x0.6
f
1.125
99
r = 4m w = 1.125

w r

T T
T=wr

100
Example 17 :
Calculate and draw
the internal forces
diagrams for the
shown tank due 10
water pressure.

4 4
101
First part : (cover) spherical shell

There is no pressure
Nf = 0 a=8
Nq = 0

102
Second part : Cylinder shell
Pr = - g h = g S h
S
Ps = 0
Ns= 0 gh
Nq= g S r

r r=8
at
S=0 Ns= 0 Nq= 0
S=10 Ns= 0 Nq= 80

103
 +
80 Nq
Ns

104
Third part : Conical shell

f 3
Ns
a 3
4 4 4 4

105
 10

h
h = 16 - S sinf

f 6
gh S sinf

S a
8 8

Pr = - g ( 6 - S sinf)
Ps = 0 106
 
1 (Pr cosf + Ps sinf) S ds
Ns = -
S sinf
Pr = - g ( 16 - S sinf) Ps = 0


1 g (16 – S sinf) cosf S ds
Ns =
S sinf
g
Ns =
S tanf (16 – S sinf) S ds

g
Ns =
S tanf 
(16S – S2 sinf) ds

g
Ns = (8S2 – 1 S3 sinf+c)
S tanf 3 107
 g
Ns = (8S2 – 1 S3 sinf+c)
S tanf 3
B.C. S=10 Ns = 0 sin f = 0.6
8x100-0.2x1000+c=0 c =-600
g
Ns = (8S2 – 0.2 S3 - 600)
S tanf
4
Ns = (8S2 – 0.2 S3 - 600)
3S
- pr S
Nq = Pr = - g ( 16 - S sinf)
tan f
4 ( 16 – 0.6 S ) S 64 S – 0.6 S 2
Nq = =
3 3 108
 4
Ns = (8S2 – 0.2 S3 - 600)
3S S=10
Nq =
64 S – 0.6 S 2

3 S=5
at
S=5 Ns= -113.3 Nq= 101.67
S=10 Ns= 0 Nq= 193.33
193.33
+ _
101.67 113.3
Ns 109
Nq
 3
_ Ns
a 3
113.3 4 4 4 4
Ns

The tangential normal force (Ns) at support

is reflected on the ring beam at the bottom
of cone
Ns
Ns cosf = 113.3x0.8 f
90.66
110
r = 4m w = 90.66

C C
C=wr
111
Fourth part : Lower spherical shell
Lower part
h
180 - fo < f < 180 gh
h = 16 - 5 cosf 16

a cosf
Pr = 16 - 5 cosf a f
Pf = 0


1 r1 r2 (Pr cosf + Pf sinf) sinf df
Nf = -
r2 sin2f
Pr cosf + Pf sinf = (16 – 5 cosf) cosf
112
Pr cosf + Pf sinf = (16 – 5 cosf) cosf


1 r1 r2 (Pr cosf + Pf sinf) sinf df
Nf = -
r2 sin2f
= r2 = a


1 2 (16  5 cosf) cosf sinf df
Nf = - a
a sin2f


- a2
Nf = (16 cosf sinf – 5 cos f sinf) df
2
a sin2f
-a
Nf = (- 8 cos2f + 5 cos3f + c)
sin2f 3
113
 -a
Nf = (- 8 cos2f + 5 cos3f + c)
sin2f 3
B.C. f=0
 = 0
19
(- 8 cos20 + 5 cos30 + c) = 0 c=
3 3
-a 2f + 5 cos3f + 19 )
Nf = (- 8 cos
sin2f 3 3
-a
Nf = ( - 24 cos2f + 5 cos3f + 19)
3 sin2f
-5 3f - 24 cos2f + 5)
Nf = (5 cos
3 sin2f 114
 -5
Nf = (5 cos3f - 24 cos2f + 5)
3 sin2f

Nq = - pr a - Nf Pr = 16 - 5 cosf
5 (5 cos3f - 24 cos2f + 5)
Nq = - 90 + 25 cosf +
3 sin2f
at
f=0 cosf = 1

0 (-15 cos2f sinf + 48 cosf sinf)

Nf = -5
0 6 sinf cosf
Nf = -27.5 Nq = -90+25+27.5 = -37.5 115
 -5
Nf = (5 cos3f - 24 cos2f + 5)
3 sin2f
5 (5 cos 3f - 24 cos2f + 5)
Nq = - 90 + 25 cosf +
3 sin2f
at
f = 53 cosf = 0.6 sinf = 0.8
Nf = 6.67 Nq = -90+25x.6-6.67= -81.67

37.5 27.5
_
_

81.67 6.67

Nq Nf 116
 27.5
_

6.67
Nf

The tangential normal force (Nf) at support

is reflected on the ring beam at the bottom
of shell
Nf
Nf cosf = 6.67x0.6
f
4
117
r = 4m w=4

C C
C=wr
118
Overall internal force in ring beam due to
own weight and water pressure

From Cone From Sphere

own
weight
w = 28.4 w = 1.125

water
pressure
119
w = 90.66 w=4
Overall internal force in ring beam due to
own weight and water pressure

w = 90.66+28.4+4-1.125 =121.935
C=wr r = 4m
C = 121.935 x 4 = 487.7 t 120
Questions
121
Sheet 2
 3 t/m

B 4I C
12 t 12 t
4 I I
A D
8

12 t
B 4I C
I I 4
A D
8
 3t
2 t/m C

B 2I
16 t
I 4

A
2 6

3t
2 t/m C

B 2I

I 4

A
2 6
Sheet 2
 ID2 t/m

B 4I C
ID1 ID1
4 I I
A D
8

ID1 t
B 4I C
I I 4
A D
8
 ID3 t
ID2 t/m C

B 2I
ID1 t
I 4

A
2 6

ID3 t
ID2 t/m C

B 2I

I 4

A
2 6
Sheet 3
Draw B.M, S.F & N.F.Ds for the shown frame
Using the following methods :
 Portal Frame Method
 Cantilever Method

24 t
A 3A 4
16 t

A 4A 3A 4

4 8
Sheet 3
raw B.M, S.F & N.F.Ds for the shown fram
Using the following methods :
 Portal Frame Method
 Cantilever Method

ID2 t
A 3A 4
ID1 t

A 4A 3A 4

4 8