Université 08 Mai 1945 du GUELMA 2020-2021
Anglais Technique Tronc Commun des Sciences et de la Technologies / 2ème année
Science has improved human life in many ways. Scientists are discovering or inventing many things that
make our life easier and more comfortable. In agriculture more sophisticated machines and better fertilisers
have increased food production. In factories, computers are producing more things more quickly and more
economically. In medicine, vaccines are invented all the time to save thousands of lives. Communication
satellites have brought the whole world into our sitting rooms. Transportation is cheaper, quicker, and safer.
Comprehension Questions
1) Read the passage carefully then find a suitable title.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) What are the inventions mentioned in the text?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Find in the text five (5) adjectives and two (2) adverbs
The Adjectives: …………………………………………………………………………………………..
The Adverbs: …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What are the tenses used in text?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5) Find in the text the opposites of the following words:
Worse ≠ ………………. Slowly ≠ ………………… Decreased ≠ ………………..
Few ≠ ………………… Death ≠ ............................. Precious ≠ .............................
6) Find in the text words closest in meaning for the following words:
Entire = ……………… Enhanced = ……………… Creating = …………………
Raised = ……………... Protect = ………………… Companies = ………………
7) Write the three forms (Infinitive, Simple Past, and Past Participle) of irregular verbs used in the text.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8) Rewrite two (2) sentences from the passage using the passive form.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9) Complete the following table:
Noun Verb Adjective
Science
To Discover
Invention
To Live
Comfortable
Production
Safe
To Communicate
Cheap
Written Expression
Decide for a discovery or an invention and write the effects it has on our everyday life.
Notes: name – shape – description – what is used for – who made it – its effects on our life.
Miss. BAHLOUL Khaoula
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Grammar
Many or Much
Use much if the noun is non-countable (e.g., water, sand).
For example: - I don’t have much money.
-We didn’t earn much profit this year.
Use many if the noun is countable (e.g., oranges, children).
For example: - They own many houses.
- There are too many students in this class.
That or which
Use that before a “restrictive clause” and which before “non-restrictive clause”.
Restrictive Clause That
A restrictive clause is just part of a sentence that you can't get rid of because it specifically restricts some other
part of the sentence.
Here's an example: Gems that sparkle often elicit forgiveness.
Explanation: The words that sparkle restrict the kind of gems you're talking about. Without them, the meaning
of the sentence would change. Without them, you'd be saying that all gems elicit forgiveness, not just the gems
that sparkle. (And note that you don't need commas around the words that sparkle.)
Non-restrictive Clause Which
A nonrestrictive clause is something that can be left off without changing the meaning of the sentence. You can
think of a nonrestrictive clause as simply additional information.
Here's an example: Diamonds, which are expensive, often elicit forgiveness.
Explanation: diamonds are always expensive, so leaving out the words which are expensive doesn't change the
meaning of the sentence. (Also note that the phrase is surrounded by commas. Nonrestrictive clauses are
usually surrounded by, or preceded by, commas).
Adjectives and adverbs
Examples:
Our holiday was too short - the time went very quickly.
The driver of the car was seriously injured in the accident.
Adjectives (short/careful/ injured/ heavy… etc.) tell us about a noun. We use adjectives before nouns
and after some verbs, especially be:
- Tom is a careful driver, (not 'a carefully driver')
- We didn't go out because of the heavy rain.
- Please be quiet.
- I was disappointed that your exam results were so bad.
- She speaks perfect English
Adjective + noun
Adverbs (quickly/carefully etc.) tell us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something
or how something happens:
- Tom drove carefully along the narrow road, (not 'drove careful')
- We didn't go out because it was raining heavily, (not 'raining heavy')
- Please speak quietly, (not 'speak quiet')
- I was disappointed that you did so badly on the exam, (not 'did so bad')
- Why do you never take me seriously?
- She speaks English perfectly.
Verb + object + adverb / adverb + adjective
Adjective quick serious careful quiet bad heavy
Adverb quickly seriously carefully quietly badly heavily
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Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned previously, whether they are people,
places, things, animals, or ideas. Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.
There are only a few relative pronouns in the English language. The most common are which, that, whose,
whoever, whomever, who, and whom. In some situations, the words what, when, this, and where can also
function as relative pronouns.
The following sentences contain examples of relative pronouns. (The relative pronoun is italicized)
1. The cyclist who won the race trained hard.
2. The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained.
3. The four team leaders, whoever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow’s meeting.
4. Spaghetti, which we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family’s favorite meals.
5. Where did you buy the dress that you wore last week?
6. The book, when it was finally returned, was torn and stained.
7. The store on the corner, where we usually buy all of our art supplies, burned to the ground.
Passive and Active voice
VOICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Subject+ Verb + Object Object + Verb + Subject
What subject (person/ thing) does. The focus is on the action (verb).
The subject performs the action (verb) on The subject is being acted upon.
the object.
Examples: Examples:
• Adam painted the house •The house was painted by Adam.
•The teacher always answers the •The students' questions are answered
students' questions. by the teacher.
•Ali posted the video online. •The video was posted online by Ali.
Active Voice: Cain killed Abel
Subject verb object
Passive Voice: Abel was killed by Cain
Object Verb Preposion Subject
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present Simple I do my homework. My homework is done.
Present Continuous I’m doing my homework. My homework is being done.
Past Simple I did my homework. My homework was done.
Past Continuous I was doing my homework. My homework was being done.
Present Perfect I have done my homework. My homework has been done.
Past Perfect I had done my homework. My homework had been done.
Future Simple I will do my homework. My homework will be done.
Future (Be going to) I’m going to do my homework. My homework is going to be done.
Modal I must do my homework. My homework must be done.
Modal Perfect I should have done my homework. My homework should have been done.
Miss. BAHLOUL Khaoula
