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Programming Fundamentals (COMP1112) : Function in C++

The document discusses functions in C++, describing how functions allow programmers to group code to perform specific tasks and make programs easier to understand and reusable by dividing complex problems into smaller chunks. It covers the key aspects of defining and using functions, including function prototypes, parameters, return statements, and the benefits of modularity and reusability that functions provide.

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Abdul Quddus Khan
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56 views

Programming Fundamentals (COMP1112) : Function in C++

The document discusses functions in C++, describing how functions allow programmers to group code to perform specific tasks and make programs easier to understand and reusable by dividing complex problems into smaller chunks. It covers the key aspects of defining and using functions, including function prototypes, parameters, return statements, and the benefits of modularity and reusability that functions provide.

Uploaded by

Abdul Quddus Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Fundamentals

(COMP1112)
Function in C++
Course Instructor
Dr. Aftab Akram
PhD CS
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Sciences, Division of Science &
Technology
University of Education, Lahore
Functions
• A function is a block of code that performs a specific
task.
• Suppose we need to create a program to create a circle
and color it.
• We can create two functions to solve this problem:
• a function to draw the circle
• a function to color the circle
• Dividing a complex problem into smaller chunks makes
our program easy to understand and reusable.
• There are two types of function:
• Standard Library Functions: Predefined in C++
• User-defined Function: Created by users
C++ User-defined Function
• C++ allows the programmer to define their own
function.
• A user-defined function groups code to perform a
specific task and that group of code is given a name
(identifier).
• When the function is invoked from any part of the
program, it all executes the codes defined in the
body of the function.
Using Functions in C++
• Three things needed for using functions in C++:
• Function Prototype
• Function Definition
• Function Call
• Function Declaration is made before main().
• Function Definition is made after main().
• Function Call is made inside main().
• Function Declaration and Function Definition can
be combined, but it must be placed before
main().
C++ Function Prototype
• The syntax to declare a function prototype is:
• returnType functionName (parameter1,
parameter2,...);
• Here's an example of a function prototype
declaration without definition.
//function declaration (without definition)
void greet(void);
void add(int,int);
int addTwoNums(int,int);
• Note that at this stage, only need to mention input
datatypes. Exact names of variables are not
required.
C++ Function Prototype
C++ Function Prototype with
Definition
• The syntax to declare a function prototype is:
returnType functionName (parameter1, parameter2,...)
{
// function body
}

• Here's an example of a function prototype


declaration with and without definition.
// function declaration with definition
void greet() {
cout << "Hello World";
}
C++ Function Declaration
• Here,
• The name of the function is greet()
• The return type of the function is void
• The empty parentheses mean it doesn't have any
parameters or you can use void
• The function body is written inside {}
Calling a Function
• In the above program, we have declared a function
named greet().
• To use the greet() function, we need to call it.
• Calling a function, temporarily shifts control to the
called function and after its execution is completed
back to main().
• Here's how we can call the above greet() function.
int main() {
// calling a function
greet();
}
Calling a Function
Calling a Function
Function Parameters
• As mentioned above, a function can be declared
with parameters (arguments).
• A parameter is a value that is passed when calling a
function.
• For example, let us consider the function below:
void printNum(int num) {
cout << num;
}
Function Parameters
• We pass a value to the function parameter while
calling the function.
Function with Parameters
Function with Parameters
• In the above program, we have used a function that
has one int parameter and one double
parameter.
• We then pass num1 and num2 as arguments.
• These values are stored by the function parameters
n1 and n2 respectively.
Function with Parameters
return Statement
• In the above programs, we have used void in the function
declaration. For example,
void displayNumber() {
// code
}
• This means the function is not returning any value.
• It's also possible to return a value from a function.
• For this, we need to specify the returnType of the
function during function declaration.
• Then, the return statement can be used to return a
value from a function.
• For example,
int add (int a, int b) {
return (a + b);
}
return Statement
• Here, we have the data type int instead of void.
This means that the function returns an int value.
• The code return (a + b); returns the sum
of the two parameters as the function value.
• The return statement denotes that the function
has ended.
• Any code after return inside the function is not
executed.
return Statement
return Statement
• In the above program, the add() function is used
to find the sum of two numbers.
• We pass two int literals 100 and 78 while calling
the function.
• We store the returned value of the function in the
variable sum, and then we print it.
return Statement
Benefits of Using User-Defined
Functions
• Functions make the code reusable. We can declare
them once and use them multiple times.
• Functions make the program easier as each small
task is divided into a function.
• Functions increase readability.

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