Molecules of life (CHE 631)
(CBZ- Dr. Riya Datta)
Module 6
Lipids
Introduction to lipids, classification. Oils and fats: Common fatty acids
present in oils and fats, Omega fatty acids, Trans fats, Hydrogenation,
Saponification value, Iodine number.
Biological importance of triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and
steroids (cholesterol).
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A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings
arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important
components of cell membranes which alter membrane fluidity; and
as signaling molecules. Hundreds of steroids are found in plants,
animals and fungi.
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Glycolipid-biological function
Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate
cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the
connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues.
Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes,
where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular
environment.
Cerebrosides: a group glycosphingolipids involved in nerve cell
membranes.
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Cholesterol biological function
Cholesterol fulfills a number of biological functions and is
necessary for successful cellular homeostasis.
It not only acts as a precursor to bile acids, but it also
assists in steroid and vitamin D synthesis.
Plays a central role in maintaining cellular membrane
rigidity and fluidity.
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